Question: How can I protect my head to prevent brain swelling?

Answer: To protect the brain, keep these tips in mind as you go about your daily activities: Use a helmet when biking, skating, playing contact sports, or performing other activities in which you might fall and hit your head. Wear seat belts properly when driving or riding in vehicles. Make sure you are doing all you can to control high blood pressure and heart disease. Avoid smoking. When traveling to high elevations, take your time -- allow your body to adjust to the altitude.


Question: Can high altitudes cause brain swelling?

Answer: High altitudes: Although researchers don't know the exact causes, brain swelling is more likely to occur at altitudes above 4,900 feet. This type of brain edema is usually associated with severe acute mountain sickness ( AMS) or high-altitude cerebral edema ( HACE).


Question: What are other signs of death?

Answer: They could have: Different sleep-wake patterns Little appetite and thirst Fewer and smaller bowel movements and less pee More pain Changes in blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate Body temperature ups and downs that may leave their skin cool, warm, moist, or pale Congested breathing from the buildup in the back of their throat Confusion or seem to be in a daze Breathing trouble can be distressing for family members, but often it isn't painful and can be managed. Pain can be treated, too. But your loved one may have a hard time taking medicine by mouth. Hallucinations and visions, especially of long-gone loved ones, can be comforting. If seeing and talking to someone who isn't there makes the person who's dying happier, you don't need to try to convince them that they aren't real. It may upset them and make them argue and fight with you.


Question: What are the signs of death within days or hours?

Answer: When death is within days or hours, your loved one may: Not want food or drink Stop peeing and having bowel movements Grimace, groan, or scowl from pain You may notice their: Eyes tear or glaze over Pulse and heartbeat are irregular or hard to feel or hear Body temperature drops Skin on their knees, feet, and hands turns a mottled bluish-purple (often in the last 24 hours) Breathing is interrupted by gasping and slows until it stops entirely If they're not already unconscious, your loved one may drift in and out. But they probably can still hear and feel.


Question: Where can you get help and support when your loved one is dying?

Answer: Caregivers, families, and friends of someone who is dying can turn to: Family Caregiver Alliance Hospice Foundation of America National Caregivers Library National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization


Question: When should you switch to hospice care for your loved one?

Answer: When your loved one's health care team recognizes that he or she is likely within 6 months of dying, they may recommend switching to hospice, a more specialized care for people with a terminal illness who are expected to die. Your loved one will still get treatment for pain relief and comfort, but hospice also offers emotional and spiritual support for them as well as you and close family.


Question: What are the signs one to two weeks before death?

Answer: 1 to 3 months before death, your loved one is likely to: Sleep or doze more Eat and drink less Withdraw from people and stop doing things they used to enjoy Talk less (but if they're a child, more) 1 to 2 weeks before death, the person may feel tired and drained all the time, so much that they don't leave their bed. They could have: Different sleep-wake patterns Little appetite and thirst Fewer and smaller bowel movements and less pee More pain Changes in blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate Body temperature ups and downs that may leave their skin cool, warm, moist, or pale Congested breathing from the buildup in the back of their throat Confusion or seem to be in a daze Breathing trouble can be distressing for family members, but often it isn't painful and can be managed.


Question: What are the signs one to three months before death?

Answer: 1 to 3 months before death, your loved one is likely to: Sleep or doze more Eat and drink less Withdraw from people and stop doing things they used to enjoy Talk less (but if they're a child, more) 1 to 2 weeks before death, the person may feel tired and drained all the time, so much that they don't leave their bed.


Question: Can a workout cause bruises?

Answer: An extra-hard workout can sometimes cause bruises. That's because you're pushing your muscles with so much effort that it leads to tiny tears in your blood vessels.


Question: What should I do If a bruise doesn't go away?

Answer: If you're having nosebleeds for no reason, if your gums bleed a lot after you brush or floss, or if small cuts or scrapes seem to bleed heavily, call your doctor.


Question: Do you bruise more easily as you get older?

Answer: As you age, your skin gets thinner and loses the protective layer of fat that acts as a cushion when you bump into something. Also, your blood vessels get more fragile. Both of these things mean you get more bruises.


Question: Can a bruise be a sign of cancer?

Answer: It's not likely, but it's possible that your bruises are a sign of cancer, such as leukemia. If you also feel tired, achy, and weak all the time, or lose weight without trying to, give your doctor a call.


Question: What is gastric "sleeve" surgery?

Answer: Gastric â Sleeveâ Surgery In this operation, your surgeon will take out most of your stomach and shape your remaining stomach into a tube, or âsleeveâ shape. It will remain attached to your small intestine. After the surgery, your stomach will be able to hold only about 2-3 ounces of food. You'll feel full sooner because your stomach is smaller. You also won't be as hungry because most of the tissue that makes the "hunger hormone," called ghrelin, will be gone. This procedure is permanent. You cannot get it reversed.


Question: Can chronic pain be treated with nonprescription drugs?

Answer: Milder forms of pain may be relieved by over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, and additionally NSAIDs reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Topical pain relievers are also available, such as creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain and inflammation from sore muscles and arthritis.


Question: What is bioelectric therapy?

Answer: Bioelectric therapy relieves pain by blocking pain messages to the brain. Bioelectric therapy also prompts the body to produce chemicals called endorphins that decrease or eliminate painful sensations by blocking the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.


Question: How is patient-controlled analgesia used to manage chronic pain?

Answer: Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is another method of pain control. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient is able to self-administer a premeasured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain.


Question: How can acupuncture help chronic pain?

Answer: Acupuncture is thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of endorphins, chemicals that block pain. Many acu-points are near nerves. When stimulated, these nerves cause a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins that block the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.


Question: Can you test for an infection of brain-eating amoeba?

Answer: But researchers are working to develop one. Until such tests come along, it can take weeks to identify the amoeba.


Question: Who gets infected with brain-eating amoebas?

Answer: Over 60% of U. S. cases are in children age 13 or younger. About 80% of cases are in males. It's not at all clear whether children or males are more susceptible to the amoeba, or whether young males are more likely to engage in activities that expose them to the amoeba.


Question: How do brain-eating amoebas eat brains?

Answer: One study suggests that N. fowleri amoebas produce two proteases -- enzymes that dissolve protein.


Question: Can you treat a brain-eating amoeba infection?

Answer: A number of drugs kill N. fowleri amoebas in the test tube. But even when treated with these drugs, very few patients survive.


Question: Can you protect yourself against brain-eating amoebas?

Answer: It makes sense to avoid swimming underwater, diving, water skiing, and jumping in warm, still waters during the late summer. It also makes sense to wear a nose clip when swimming, boating, or playing in or on warm waters. It's also a good idea to avoid stirring up mud while taking part in such activities. And if you are cleansing your nostrils, be sure to fill your neti pot or squeeze bottle with distilled or sterile water -- not tap water. You can also use water that has been boiled for one minute (three minutes at high elevations) and then cooled. And you can filter the water using filters with pores no larger than 1 micron (1 micrometer).


Question: How do people get infected with a brain-eating amoeba?

Answer: The nose is the pathway of the amoeba, so infection occurs most often from diving, water skiing, or performing water sports in which water is forced into the nose. But infections have occurred in people who dunked their heads in hot springs or who cleaned their nostrils with neti pots filled with untreated tap water. A person infected with N. fowleri cannot spread the infection to another person.


Question: Where can you find brain-eating amoebas?

Answer: It can survive in water as hot as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. These amoebas can be found in warm places around the globe. N. fowleri is found in: Warm lakes, ponds, and rock pits Mud puddles Warm, slow-flowing rivers, especially those with low water levels Untreated swimming pools and spas Untreated well water or untreated municipal water Hot springs and other geothermal water sources Thermally polluted water, such as runoff from power plants Aquariums Soil, including indoor dust Naegleria can't live in salt water. It can't survive in properly treated swimming pools or in properly treated municipal water. Most cases of N. fowleri disease occur in Southern or Southwestern states. Over half of all infections have been in Florida and Texas.


Question: What are the symptoms of a brain-eating amoeba infection?

Answer: At first, PAM may seem like viral meningitis. Symptoms include: headache fever stiff neck loss of appetite vomiting altered mental state seizures coma There may also be hallucinations, drooping eyelid, blurred vision, and loss of the sense of taste.


Question: What are other vaccines to prevent meningitis?

Answer: Vaccines can prevent many of the diseases that could lead to meningitis. Most of these shots are routinely given to young children. Some of these include: Haemophilus influenzae type B ( Hib) vaccine. It prevents infections that cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other problems. Kids get it when they're between 2 months and 15 months old. It's also given to children over age 5 or adults with certain medical conditions. While Hib used to be the most likely cause of bacterial meningitis in children under age 5, the vaccine has made it very rare. Pneumococcal vaccines. They protect against bacterial meningitis. There are two types. Doctors give the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to children under age 2. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for all adults over 65. Some younger adults and children with a missing spleen, weakened immune systems, and certain long-term diseases may also need it. MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine. Children need it to protect them from meningitis that can develop from measles and mumps. Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine and shingles vaccine. They target the varicella virus, which can potentially lead to viral meningitis.


Question: When should I call my doctor about a reaction to the meningitis vaccine?

Answer: Avoid the vaccine if you: Had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose Have a severe allergy to any vaccine ingredient You may get mild pain or redness at the spot where you get the shot. Call your doctor right away if you have a strong reaction to the vaccine, such as a high fever, weakness, or signs of an allergic reaction, such as trouble breathing, a fast heartbeat, or dizziness.


Question: What are the three types of meningitis vaccines?

Answer: Meningococcal meningitis is a serious disease that causes inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. You can prevent it by getting the meningococcal vaccine. There are three types: Meningococcal conjugate vaccine ( MCV4): Menactra ( Men ACWY- DT) and Menveo ( Men ACWY- CRM) Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( MPSV4): Menomune Serogroup B Meningococcal B: Trumenba ( Men B- FHbp) and Bexsero ( Men B-4 C) MCV4 and MPSV4 can prevent 70% of the types of meningococcal disease. Both work in nine out of 10 people. Serogroup B vaccine is also available. Doctors recommend that kids get a shot of MCV4 at age 11 or 12. They need a booster shot at 16.


Question: How can nickel cause skin allergies?

Answer: It's used to make everything from jewelry to belts to eyeglass frames to paper clips -- and it's the leading cause of skin allergies. You're most likely to be at risk for a reaction if you're a hair stylist, retail clerk, caterer, house cleaner, or you work with metal. If you're allergic to nickel in something you eat, you'll get bumps on the sides of your fingers, called dyshidrotic hand eczema or pompholyx. There's no treatment for a nickel allergy, so you'll have to stop wearing or using anything with it. You could try painting a coat of nail polish on jewelry, which puts a barrier between the metal and your skin.


Question: How can poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac cause skin allergies?

Answer: When parts of the leaves of these plants are damaged or bruised, they release an oil called urushiol. And if that gets on your skin, it causes an itchy red rash with bumps or blisters. You can treat the rash with wet compresses, calamine lotion, oatmeal baths, or hydrocortisone cream. But see a doctor right away if your reaction is severe or if you breathed in the oil, perhaps from burning plants.


Question: How can pregnancy or childbirth cause a hot flash?

Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.


Question: Does breast cancer cause hot flashes?

Answer: Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, ovary removal, and antiestrogen therapy can bring on what's called chemical menopause. And with it comes lower estrogen levels and symptoms like hot flashes. Hot flashes that result from breast cancer treatment can be more frequent and severe than natural ones. If you've been through menopause already and had hot flashes then, you'll probably get them again if you take tamoxifen to treat your cancer. They'll be about as severe and happen about as often as the first time around.


Question: Does pregnancy or recent childbirth cause hot flashes?

Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.


Question: What can set off a hot flash?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: What is a hot flash?

Answer: The technical term is vasomotor symptom. It comes along with a drop in your body's level of the hormone estrogen. Another name you might hear is night sweats. They are hot flashes that wake you up after you've gone to bed.


Question: How is a hot flash related to menopause?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis (MS) cause a hot flash?

Answer: Heat can make your symptoms worse, whether it's hot and humid outside or you have a fever. You might notice what's called Uhthoff's sign, changes in vision when you get too hot. Any problems should go away once you cool back down. Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.


Question: What are the characteristics of a hot flash?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.


Question: Are there any specific factors that might cause a hot flash to last longer?

Answer: You might also have them longer if you smoke, are overweight, stressed, depressed, or anxious. Your heritage can also play a role. African- American women have them for about 11 years. But for Asian women, it's about half that time.


Question: How can prostate or testicular cancer cause a hot flash?

Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.


Question: What do you feel when you get a hot flash?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.


Question: What can lead to hot flashes?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: What does it mean when you feel hot?

Answer: But that's not the only reason you could lose your cool. It could be a reaction to spicy food or signs of an illness. And you don't have to be female to have one. Men get them, too.


Question: What can cause a menopausal hot flash?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause hot flashes?

Answer: Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.


Question: Does prostate and testicular cancer cause hot flashes?

Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.


Question: When do hot flashes happen?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.


Question: How can you eat healthy to control your diabetes?

Answer: This is crucial when you have diabetes, because what you eat affects your blood sugar. No foods are strictly off-limits. Focus on eating only as much as your body needs. Get plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Choose nonfat dairy and lean meats. Limit foods that are high in sugar and fat. Remember that carbohydrates turn into sugar, so watch your carb intake. Try to keep it about the same from meal to meal. This is even more important if you take insulin or drugs to control your blood sugars.


Question: How can stress affect how you control your diabetes?

Answer: When you're stressed, your blood sugar levels go up. And when you're anxious, you may not manage your diabetes well. You may forget to exercise, eat right, or take your medicines. Find ways to relieve stress -- through deep breathing, yoga, or hobbies that relax you.


Question: How can alcohol affect how you control your diabetes?

Answer: Watch your alcohol. It may be easier to control your blood sugar if you don't get too much beer, wine, and liquor. So if you choose to drink, don't overdo it. The American Diabetes Association says that women who drink alcohol should have no more than one drink a day and men should have no more than two. Alcohol can make your blood sugar go too high or too low. Check your blood sugar before you drink, and take steps to avoid low blood sugars. If you use insulin or take drugs for your diabetes, eat when you're drinking. Some drinks -- like wine coolers -- may be higher in carbs, so take this into account when you count carbs.


Question: Can death or loss cause depression?

Answer: Death or loss: Sadness and grief are normal reactions. Sometimes, though, such big stresses can bring serious symptoms of depression, like thoughts of suicide or feelings of worthlessness. Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression.


Question: What in your life can cause depression?

Answer: Life events: Even good things, like moving or graduating, could make you depressed. Other changes that can do that include: A new job Loss of employment or income Marriage Divorce Retirement Having a baby Other illnesses: Sometimes depression pairs with, or can be a reaction to, another illness.


Question: What illnesses can cause depression?

Answer: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition.


Question: Are genetics linked to depression?

Answer: Genetics: A history of depression in your family may make it more likely for you to get it. It's thought that the condition can be passed down. The exact way this happens, though, isn't clear.


Question: What can raise your odds of depression?

Answer: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too.


Question: Can medications cause depression?

Answer: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition. If this happens to you, talk with your doctor about changing what you take.


Question: Can abuse cause depression?

Answer: Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression. Abuse: Past physical, sexual, or emotional abuse can bring it on, as well.


Question: Can substance abuse cause depression?

Answer: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too. Some people misuse substances when they feel down. For others, heavy use of alcohol or drugs can bring on depression symptoms.


Question: What are symptoms of strange sensations related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It may travel down your spine or into your arms or legs.


Question: What are symptoms of walking problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Clumsiness or lack of coordination: MS can make it hard to get around. You might have: Trouble walking A hard time keeping your balance Changes in your gait Dizziness: You may feel lightheaded.


Question: What strange sensations are caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It may travel down your spine or into your arms or legs. Numbness, often in your face Tingling Not everyone who has CIS will get MS.


Question: Is multiple sclerosis related to double vision and involuntary eye movements?

Answer: Eye problems: In addition to the optic neuritis that comes with CIS, MS can cause: Nystagmus: involuntary eye movements Diplopia: double vision Fatigue: You may feel very tired.


Question: What specific early-onset symptoms are present in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully.


Question: Is hearing loss a common part of aging?

Answer: Think of how a person's first silver strands may only show in a certain light. The start of an age-related hearing problem can be just as subtle. But it's important to pay attention to those first signs. People with untreated hearing loss are more likely to be depressed, feel isolated, and have memory problems later on. If any of these symptoms sound familiar, talk to your doctor or an audiologist about getting a hearing test.


Question: How does hearing loss make kids' voices sound muffled or unclear?

Answer: When aging takes a toll on your cochlea, the inner ear organ that helps you hear, the cells that detect high-pitched sounds are usually the first to fail. This can make it harder to understand anyone with a high-pitched voice, like children and women. It's also the reason you may not hear your microwave beep or the crickets chirping at sunset.


Question: Does hearing loss make you feel tired when you socialize?

Answer: You're exhausted after social events. When you can't hear all the sounds of speech, your brain has to fill in the gaps to make sense of what others are saying. That takes a great deal of focus, especially when there's more than one person speaking at a time. All this effort may leave you tired after social events. If this sounds like you, talk to your doctor or an audiologist. Professionally fit hearing aids could ease the strain.


Question: How can you track heartburn triggers?

Answer: Heartburn can limit your menu choices, interrupt your sleep, and interfere with your daily activities. Keeping tabs on what you eat and when you eat will help your doctor determine what's causing your symptoms. Then together, you can figure out how to prevent them. You can track heartburn triggers by keeping a heartburn diary. Make sure you include notes about portion size -- and be honest! If you have pain after eating a certain food, write that down, too.


Question: What can help with heartburn?

Answer: what the pain feels like what makes it feel better Remember, understanding your heartburn triggers and learning how to avoid them can help you dodge the discomfort of heartburn. An episode of heartburn every now and then is usually nothing to worry about. But call your doctor if you have heartburn frequently of if severe heartburn that interferes with your daily activities.


Question: What can you do to prevent heartburn after meals?

Answer: Eat five or six small meals each day, instead of several large meals. Don't eat before bedtime. Allow 2 hours to digest your food before lying down. This allows time for the food to pass out of the stomach and into the small intestine, rather than having it back up into the esophagus. Lying down makes digestion difficult and makes heartburn more likely.


Question: What information should you keep track of for your heartburn?

Answer: Your diary should include the following information for each day: what you eat and drink, and when time and type of exercise medicines you take and the time you take them if you have pain, and if so, when your pain started (for example, did the heartburn happen after you ate breakfast or took an aspirin?)


Question: What food and drinks trigger heartburn?

Answer: A number of foods and drinks can cause the LES to relax. Food and drinks that commonly trigger heartburn include: alcohol, particularly red wine black pepper, garlic, raw onions, and other spicy foods chocolate citrus fruits and products, such as lemons, oranges and orange juice coffee and caffeinated drinks, including tea and soda peppermint tomatoes However, unless these foods are causing you heartburn you don't have to avoid them.


Question: What should you do if medicines are causing your heartburn?

Answer: But call your doctor if you have heartburn frequently of if severe heartburn that interferes with your daily activities.


Question: Can my doctor help me stop biting my nails?

Answer: If you still struggle after trying multiple methods, talk to your doctor about whether therapy's a good option to help you get to the bottom of the problem and take nail biting out of the picture.


Question: Why is communicating with your baby during the first year important?

Answer: Because early speech and language skills are associated with success in developing reading, writing, and interpersonal skills, both later in childhood and later in life.


Question: What causes a migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Triggers may include: Alcohol Stress Lack of sleep Some medications Hunger Female hormone changes Bright lights Caffeine Nitrites in some foods, like sandwich meat, bacon, and processed foods Overdoing physical activity Weather or altitude Symptoms differ for everyone, but some are typical: Nausea Vomiting Sensitivity to light and sound Cold hands or feet Dizziness Double vision or graying of vision Slurred speech or trouble speaking Temporary blindness Loss of balance Confusion Trouble hearing Body tingling Loss of consciousness Aura symptoms may last between 5 minutes and 1 hour.


Question: How does diet affect migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Diet can also affect migraines. Do these things: Eat a balanced diet.


Question: What are the symptoms of a migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Triggers may include: Alcohol Stress Lack of sleep Some medications Hunger Female hormone changes Bright lights Caffeine Nitrites in some foods, like sandwich meat, bacon, and processed foods Overdoing physical activity Weather or altitude Symptoms differ for everyone, but some are typical: Nausea Vomiting Sensitivity to light and sound Cold hands or feet Dizziness Double vision or graying of vision Slurred speech or trouble speaking Temporary blindness Loss of balance Confusion Trouble hearing Body tingling Loss of consciousness Aura symptoms may last between 5 minutes and 1 hour.


Question: What foods commonly trigger migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Some common food triggers include: Dairy Wheat Chocolate Eggs Rye Tomatoes Oranges Along with these changes, If you don't respond to other treatments and you have 4 or more migraine days a month, your doctor may suggest preventive medicines.


Question: What is Migraine with Brainstem Aura?

Answer: Migraine with brainstem aura or MBA (formerly known as basilar migraines) are headaches that start in the lower part of the brain, called the brainstem. They cause symptoms such as dizziness, double vision, and lack of coordination. These changes, called an aura, can happen about 10 minutes to 45 minutes before your head hurts. The headache pain of a basilar migraine often starts on one side of the head and then gradually spreads and gets stronger.


Question: Can migraine with brainstem aura be prevented?

Answer: To keep from getting a MBA, it helps to avoid the things that usually cause one. Keep a journal of your attacks so you can figure out the things that trigger them. It also helps to live a healthy lifestyle. That means you need to: Get enough sleep.


Question: How long do the aura symptoms of a migraine with brainstem aura last?

Answer: Triggers may include: Alcohol Stress Lack of sleep Some medications Hunger Female hormone changes Bright lights Caffeine Nitrites in some foods, like sandwich meat, bacon, and processed foods Overdoing physical activity Weather or altitude Symptoms differ for everyone, but some are typical: Nausea Vomiting Sensitivity to light and sound Cold hands or feet Dizziness Double vision or graying of vision Slurred speech or trouble speaking Temporary blindness Loss of balance Confusion Trouble hearing Body tingling Loss of consciousness Aura symptoms may last between 5 minutes and 1 hour. When the headache starts, you might feel an intense throbbing or pulsating pain on one or both sides of your head or sometimes at the back of your head.


Question: How are migraines with brainstem aura diagnosed?

Answer: After you've had at least two attacks of at least two auras, your doctor often make the diagnosis of migraine with brainstem aura. The condition has many of the same symptoms as another type, called hemiplegic migraine. But the hemiplegic kind usually causes weakness of one side of the body or trouble speaking. Symptoms of MBA can also seem like the signs of other more serious conditions, like seizure disorders, stroke, meningitis, or brain tumors. To rule those out, you'll need to see a brain doctor, called a neurologist. He'll give you a thorough exam and ask you questions about your symptoms. He'll may also use tests like MRI, CT scans, and nerve tests to see what's causing your symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Triggers may include: Alcohol Stress Lack of sleep Some medications Hunger Female hormone changes Bright lights Caffeine Nitrites in some foods, like sandwich meat, bacon, and processed foods Overdoing physical activity Weather or altitude Symptoms differ for everyone, but some are typical: Nausea Vomiting Sensitivity to light and sound Cold hands or feet Dizziness Double vision or graying of vision Slurred speech or trouble speaking Temporary blindness Loss of balance Confusion Trouble hearing Body tingling Loss of consciousness Aura symptoms may last between 5 minutes and 1 hour.


Question: What are different names for migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Migraines with brainstem aura are known by several different names: Basilar migraine Basilar artery migraine Basilar-type migraine Bickerstaff's syndrome Brainstem migraine Vertebrobasilar migraine MBA can affect people of all ages.


Question: What medications can help to prevent migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Some common food triggers include: Dairy Wheat Chocolate Eggs Rye Tomatoes Oranges Along with these changes, If you don't respond to other treatments and you have 4 or more migraine days a month, your doctor may suggest preventive medicines. You can take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help.


Question: What can you do to prevent migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: That means you need to: Get enough sleep. Limit your stress. Exercise daily.


Question: How long do basilar migraines last?

Answer: This type of migraine can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. And it takes time to recover from one. You may feel drained for up to 24 hours after it's over.


Question: How is migraine with brainstem aura diagnosed?

Answer: After you've had at least two attacks of at least two auras, your doctor often make the diagnosis of migraine with brainstem aura. The condition has many of the same symptoms as another type, called hemiplegic migraine. But the hemiplegic kind usually causes weakness of one side of the body or trouble speaking. Symptoms of MBA can also seem like the signs of other more serious conditions, like seizure disorders, stroke, meningitis, or brain tumors. To rule those out, you'll need to see a brain doctor, called a neurologist. He'll give you a thorough exam and ask you questions about your symptoms.


Question: What preventative medications are used for migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Some common food triggers include: Dairy Wheat Chocolate Eggs Rye Tomatoes Oranges Along with these changes, If you don't respond to other treatments and you have 4 or more migraine days a month, your doctor may suggest preventive medicines. You can take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help.


Question: How can you change your diet to prevent migraine with brainstem aura?

Answer: Diet can also affect migraines. Do these things: Eat a balanced diet. Avoid drugs and alcohol. Don't skip meals. Limit caffeine. Avoid any foods that have been triggers.


Question: What are basilar migraines?

Answer: Migraine with brainstem aura or MBA (formerly known as basilar migraines) are headaches that start in the lower part of the brain, called the brainstem. They cause symptoms such as dizziness, double vision, and lack of coordination. These changes, called an aura, can happen about 10 minutes to 45 minutes before your head hurts. The headache pain of a basilar migraine often starts on one side of the head and then gradually spreads and gets stronger.


Question: What is a cystectomy and how can it treat bladder cancer?

Answer: If cancer has spread to the muscle layer of your bladder and is still small, your doctor may be able to perform a partial cystectomy. But most people who have cancer that has grown into the muscle of the bladder will need a more extensive surgery instead. If the cancer is large or has spread to more than one part of your bladder, your doctor will likely remove the entire organ and the nearby lymph nodes. This is a radical cystectomy.


Question: What is bladder cancer treatment like?

Answer: For both of these procedures, you'll be given medication so that you won't be awake. You may have to stay in the hospital for up to a week afterward. Usually, you can go back to your normal routine in a few weeks.


Question: What is intravesical therapy to treat bladder cancer?

Answer: This treatment is also used for early-stage cancers. Your doctor uses a catheter to inject a liquid medication right into your bladder. He'll choose between two different types of medications -- immunotherapy or chemotherapy (âchemoâ). Immunotherapy. In this method, your body's own immune system attacks the cancer cells. Your doctor will inject a germ called Bacillus Calmette- Guerin ( BCG) into your bladder through a catheter. This germ is related to the one that causes tuberculosis. This draws your body's immune cells to your bladder. There, they're activated by the BCG and begin to fight the cancer cells. Your doctor may start this treatment a few weeks after you have a TURBT. Intravesical chemotherapy (âchemoâ). If your doctor and you decide on this treatment, he'll inject cancer-fighting medications into your bladder through a catheter. The chemo works to kill the harmful cells. Systemic chemo. Your doctor will give you chemo through an IV. That means the medication travels through your bloodstream to other parts of your body. It can kill cancer cells that may have spread beyond your bladder.


Question: What is radiation therapy to help treat bladder cancer?

Answer: This treatment involves using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It's a lot like getting an X-ray -- only much stronger. It doesn't hurt. You might need to get radiation 5 days a week for several weeks. Your doctor may recommend it for one of the following reasons: You have early-stage bladder cancer You have early-stage cancer but can't have surgery As a follow-up to TURBT or partial bladder removal surgery To prevent or treat symptoms of advanced bladder cancer


Question: What are conditions that can seem like food poisoning but aren't?

Answer: A host of other conditions can lead to many of the same symptoms of food poisoning. Most common is gastroenteritis, which is caused by a virus. Others include gallbladder problems, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. So figuring out if you have food poisoning is as much about the timing as it is about the symptoms themselves.


Question: When would you get blood tests if you have food poisoning?

Answer: Blood tests can detect the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and the hepatitis A virus. Specific blood tests can tell how sick you are by looking for inflammation and signs that you're dehydrated.


Question: Can artificial nails cause allergic reactions?

Answer: Issues you should watch for include: Allergic reaction: The chemicals used to attach or remove artificial nails can irritate your skin. You may see redness, pus, or swelling around your fingernails.


Question: What are some safety tips for using artificial nails?

Answer: If you've had nail fungus before, stay away from artificial nails. Don't use them to cover up nail problems. Get nails that can be soaked off instead of filed off. Ask your manicurist not to cut or push back the cuticles too much. They help guard against infections. Pick a salon that hardens gel polish with LED lights, which have smaller amounts of UV light. Apply a broad-spectrum ( UVA/ UVB) sunscreen to your hands before you go under the lights. Use cream moisturizer on your nails, especially after you soak them in acetone. Take a break from artificial nails every couple of months.


Question: Where should I keep my medications for diabetes if I'm traveling?

Answer: Keep medicines, syringes, and blood sugar testing supplies in your carry-on luggage. Don't put them in checked luggage in case the airline loses your bag. Also, the cargo hold isn't heated or insulated well, which could damage your medicine and supplies.


Question: What should I do to maintain foot care while travelling if I have diabetes?

Answer: Instead, wear shoes that are specially made for ocean or beach walking. Protect your feet at all times when you're walking by the pool, in the park, on the beach, or swimming in the ocean. Do not wear open-toe shoes, including sandals and flip-flops. If your toes aren't protected, you raise your risk of injuring them. Follow your daily foot care routine.


Question: What should I do if I have a diabetes-related medical emergency in a foreign country?

Answer: If you have an emergency and you don't know where to go, try to reach the American consulate, the Red Cross, or a local medical school. Try to learn helpful phrases in the local language such as: " I need help" or " I have diabetes, where is the hospital?" or " I need sugar." Another resource for English speakers who need to find medical help is the International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers ( IAMAT) (www.iamat.org). You can reach IAMAT at 716-754 4883.


Question: How can traveling affect my diabetes?

Answer: Changes in what you eat, how active you are, and time zones can affect your blood sugar levels.


Question: How can I care for my insulin injections if I have diabetes?

Answer: Bring a list of the medicines you take and keep it with you at all times.


Question: How much medication for diabetes should I bring for travel?

Answer: Take enough medicines and supplies to last an extra week in case you get stranded or stay longer than you planned. If you're traveling with someone, ask if he can carry some of them for you.


Question: Does my insulin injection schedule change with time zones if I have diabetes?

Answer: Time zone changes of 2 or more hours may mean you need to change your injection schedule. Check with your doctor for special instructions.


Question: What should I pack to care for my feet while traveling if I have diabetes?

Answer: Follow these tips to keep your feet healthy away from home: Pack at least two pairs of shoes so you can change them often. This will help prevent blisters and sore pressure points. Pack comfortable shoes, socks, and a first aid kit to treat minor foot injuries.


Question: Is there anything that I need to always carry if I have diabetes?

Answer: Always carry hard candy, a small snack, or glucose gel or tablets in case your blood sugar dips too low.


Question: Do I need to inform others that I have diabetes when traveling?

Answer: Let the airlines, cruise ships, and tour guides know in advance that you have diabetes.


Question: What if I need an insulin injection during my flight if have diabetes?

Answer: If you are traveling on an airplane and you need an insulin injection during your flight, follow your usual procedure with one difference: Put only half as much air into your insulin bottle as you normally would. The pressure is different in airplanes than on the ground.


Question: When my doctor is examining for glaucoma, should I tell him or her if I'm taking any medications?

Answer: Tell your doctor what medications you're taking. Certain drugs, even over-the-counter medications -- especially those used to treat sinus and cold congestion, and stomach and intestinal disorders -- may cause an acute closed-angle glaucoma attack. Bring a list of all your medications with you to the eye doctor.


Question: How do I know if I have glaucoma?

Answer: Your eye doctor will measure your eye pressure with a gadget called a tonometer. She'll give you drops that numb your eye so you don't feel anything. Tell her if you've had refractive surgery. It can affect your eye pressure reading.


Question: What will the doctor do if he or she thinks I have glaucoma?

Answer: If she thinks you have glaucoma, your eye doctor will check your optic nerve for signs of damage. She'll have you take a test that measures the sharpness of your side vision (she'll call this your peripheral vision).


Question: What are the symptoms for acute closed or narrow-angle glaucoma?

Answer: People often describe this as âthe worst eye pain of my life.â Symptoms strike quickly: Severe throbbing eye pain Eye redness Headaches (on the same side as the affected eye) Blurry or foggy vision Halos around lights, Dilated pupil Nausea and vomiting This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency. See an ophthalmologist or go to an emergency room immediately. Damage to the optic nerve may begin within a few hours and, if not treated within 6 to 12 hours, it may bring severe permanent loss of vision or blindness and even a permanently enlarged (dilated) pupil.


Question: Do I have glaucoma if I have higher-than-normal eye pressure?

Answer: In fact, some people with normal pressure can have it, while others with higher levels may not. High pressure without damage to the optic nerve is called ocular hypertension. If you have this, your doctor will want to test your eyes often.


Question: What are the symptoms of open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: With this condition, you might not have any symptoms until you lose a significant amount of vision.


Question: What are symptoms for open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: With this condition, you might not have any symptoms until you lose a significant amount of vision.


Question: Do infants get congenital glaucoma?

Answer: This usually shows up in newborns or during your baby's first few years. Symptoms include: Tearing, sensitivity to light, and eyelid spasms A larger cornea and clouding of the normally transparent cornea Habitual rubbing of the eyes, squinting, or keeping the eyes closed much of the time Symptoms depend on what's causing your pressure to rise.


Question: Can eye injuries hide glaucoma?

Answer: Eye injuries like corneal edema, bleeding, or retinal detachment can hide glaucoma symptoms. If a cataract is the cause, your vision will have been worse for a while. If you have had an injury to your eye, an advanced cataract, or inflammation in your eyes, your eye doctor will check often to make sure you don't have glaucoma, too.


Question: What are the symptoms of congenital glaucoma in infants?

Answer: This usually shows up in newborns or during your baby's first few years. Symptoms include: Tearing, sensitivity to light, and eyelid spasms A larger cornea and clouding of the normally transparent cornea Habitual rubbing of the eyes, squinting, or keeping the eyes closed much of the time Symptoms depend on what's causing your pressure to rise.


Question: What are the symptoms of acute closed- or narrow-angle glaucoma?

Answer: People often describe this as âthe worst eye pain of my life.â Symptoms strike quickly: Severe throbbing eye pain Eye redness Headaches (on the same side as the affected eye) Blurry or foggy vision Halos around lights, Dilated pupil Nausea and vomiting This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency. See an ophthalmologist or go to an emergency room immediately. Damage to the optic nerve may begin within a few hours and, if not treated within 6 to 12 hours, it may bring severe permanent loss of vision or blindness and even a permanently enlarged (dilated) pupil.


Question: How will my child's doctor diagnose congenital glaucoma?

Answer: The main sign is a cloudy cornea. Babies are checked for this at birth. If you suspect an eye problem, call an eye doctor.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: The first sign is often the loss of your side vision (the doctor will call this peripheral vision). It happens slowly, so you may not notice the changes.


Question: What are examples of common benign skin tumors?

Answer: Some common benign tumors include: Warts (skin tumor resulting from a virus) Seborrheic keratoses (growths on the skin ranging from light skin color to dark brown) Nevi (skin growths such as moles or birthmarks) Dermatofibromas (scar tissue from an old bug bite or acne lesion) Lipomas (normal fat in an abnormal location, most often from a traumatic injury) What Causes Skin Cysts?


Question: Will your doctor check your abdomen during a physical exam?

Answer: Your doctor can use a range of examination techniques including tapping your abdomen to detect liver size and presence of abdominal fluid, listening for bowel sounds with a stethoscope, and palpating for tenderness.


Question: Will your doctor check your heart and lungs during a physical exam?

Answer: Listening to your heart with a stethoscope, a doctor might detect an irregular heartbeat, a heart murmur, or other clues to heart disease. Lung Exam. Using a stethoscope, a doctor listens for crackles, wheezes, or decreased breath sounds. These and other sounds are clues to the presence of heart or lung disease.


Question: What might be included in an annual physical exam for a man?

Answer: Penis exam: A doctor might notice evidence of sexually transmitted infections such as warts or ulcers on the penis. Prostate exam: Inserting a finger in the rectum lets a doctor feel the prostate for its size and any suspicious areas.


Question: What vital signs will your doctor check during a physical exam?

Answer: Vital Signs.


Question: Will you get a screening lipid panel (cholesterol test) during an annual physical exam?

Answer: A screening lipid panel (cholesterol test) is recommended every 4 to 6 years, according to the American Heart Association. Your doctor might check more frequently if you have risk factors for heart disease. Abnormal cholesterol levels increase the risk for heart attacks and strokes.


Question: How can belsomra (suvorexant) treat insomnia?

Answer: Belsomra (suvorexant) is the first approved orexin receptor antagonist. Orexins are chemicals that are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and play a role in keeping people awake. Belsomra alters the action of orexin in the brain.


Question: What medications can help with treating short-term insomnia?

Answer: Short-term insomnia, often caused by travel or stress, usually improves once the stress is removed or after your body has adjusted to the new schedule. Short-term use of over-the-counter sleep remedies may help. Chronic insomnia, which disrupts sleep for extended periods of time, may call for a thorough physical exam, alteration of some lifestyle habits, medical treatment, and, perhaps, psychotherapy to identify a hidden cause. It is most important to treat any problem that is producing insomnia symptoms. Just treating insomnia symptoms without dealing with the main cause will not be helpful.


Question: Can yoga and meditation help with insomnia?

Answer: Mind/ Body Medicine Meditation, yoga, and biofeedback may reduce tension and promote better sleep. Visualization or guided imagery, during which you hold a peaceful image in your mind before bedtime, can also be an effective path to relaxation. You can learn these techniques from an instructor, online sites, a how-to book, or an instructional tape.


Question: How can doxepin (Silenor) treat insomnia?

Answer: Doxepin ( Silenor) is approved for treating people who have trouble staying asleep. Silenor may help with sleep maintenance by blocking histamine receptors. Do not take this drug unless you are able to get a full seven or eight hours of sleep. Dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to therapy.


Question: How can sedatives treat my insomnia?

Answer: Sleep Medications Benzodiazepine sedatives such as triazolam ( Halcion), estazolam, lorazepam ( Ativan), temazepam ( Restoril), flurazepam, and quazepam ( Doral) and non-benzodiazepine sedatives such as zolpidem ( Ambien, Intermezzo), eszopiclone ( Lunesta), and zaleplon ( Sonata) are drugs that can help induce sleep. However, these medicines may be addictive with extended use. Also they can be dangerous if you take them with alcohol or other drugs that depress the central nervous system. They can cause morning sleepiness, although side effects are generally less severe with the non-benzodiazepines. A prescription oral spray called Zolpimist, which contains Ambien's active ingredient, can be used for short-term treatment of insomnia.


Question: How can antidepressant drugs treat insomnia?

Answer: Antidepressant drugs may be used in people with depression to help with sleep. They are not approved for the treatment of insomnia. These may cause daytime sleepiness or other side effects.


Question: How can exercise treat insomnia?

Answer: Exercise Moderate exercise can help you sleep better and give you more energy while awake. Aim for a 20- to 30-minute routine three or four times a week. Tailor the workout to your physical condition, and exercise in the morning or afternoon, not close to bedtime. Check with your doctor about how much and what type of exercise is right for you.


Question: How can antihistamines help with treating insomnia?

Answer: Over-the-counter sleep drugs usually contain an antihistamine. Antihistamines are often used for allergies, but they have a side effect of drowsiness. These medications may cause daytime sleepiness and dry mouth along with other side effects.


Question: How do I treat sprains, finger dislocations or fractures?

Answer: Apply ice and elevate hand to reduce swelling. If a finger or part of a finger has been cut off, collect all parts and tissue and place in a plastic bag on ice for transport to the hospital with the person. See a health care provider immediately for a deep cut, puncture wound, animal bite, human bite, or a scrape that you cannot get clean or if the cut shows signs of infection.


Question: When should I get medical attention for my hand injury?

Answer: The person is seriously injured. Injury includes amputation. Bone is protruding through skin. Bleeding cannot be stopped after several minutes of firm pressure. Blood spurts from the wound. The hand feels numb or cold.


Question: Should I watch what I eat and drink if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Watch What You Eat and Drink For an energy boost, instead of three big meals a day eat several smaller ones packed with nutrients. Eat low-fat, high-fiber foods to help prevent heart disease and diabetes, which make MS worse. To keep your bladder under better control, cut back on coffee. It increases your urge to go. Travel safely: Stay hydrated on vacation, but be cautious about local water and raw foods.


Question: How can I get better rest with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Get Better Rest Take a nap to fight fatigue, but no more than 2 hours. Longer than that might keep you up at night. To fall asleep easier, listen to relaxing music before you get into bed. To sleep better at night, try meditation, deep breathing, or yoga during the day. Do you wake up at night with a need to go? Skip that glass of water before bed.


Question: When should you call a doctor after a spinal tap?

Answer: Call your local doctor immediately if after a spinal tap: You notice any unusual drainage, including bloody discharge, at the puncture site You develop a fever Your headache persists Your pain symptoms worsen


Question: What problems could happen after a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: The following symptoms may occur after having a corpus callosotomy, although they generally go away on their own: Scalp numbness Nausea Feeling tired or depressed Headaches Difficulty speaking, remembering things, or finding words Paralysis, weakness, loss of sensation Change in personality Serious problems are uncommon with a corpus callosotomy, but there are risks, including: Risks associated with surgery, including infection, bleeding, and an allergic reaction to anesthesia Swelling in the brain Lack of awareness of one side of the body Loss of coordination Problems with speech, such as stuttering Increase in partial seizures (occurring on one side of the brain) Stroke


Question: How well does a corpus callosotomy work?

Answer: Corpus callosotomy is successful in stopping drop attacks, or atonic seizures in which a person suddenly loses muscle tone and falls to the ground, in about 50% to 75% of cases. This can decrease the risk of injury and improve the person's quality of life.


Question: What tests do you get before a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: Candidates for corpus callosotomy undergo an extensive pre-surgery evaluation -- including seizure monitoring, electroencephalography ( EEG), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), and positron emission tomography ( PET). These tests help the doctor pinpoint where the seizures begin and how they spread in the brain. It also helps the doctor determine if a corpus callosotomy is an appropriate treatment.


Question: Who would get a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: A corpus callosotomy, sometimes called split-brain surgery, may be performed in people with the most extreme and uncontrollable forms of epilepsy, when frequent seizures affect both sides of the brain. People considered for corpus callosotomy are typically those who do not respond to treatment with antiseizure medications.


Question: What is recovery from a corpus callosotomy like?

Answer: The patient generally stays in the hospital for two to four days. Most people having a corpus callosotomy will be able to return to their normal activities, including work or school, in six to eight weeks after surgery. The hair over the incision will grow back and hide the surgical scar. The person will continue taking antiseizure drugs.


Question: What are condoms?

Answer: Condoms prevent pregnancies and STDs. They create a barrier that keeps semen and other body fluids out of the vagina, rectum, or mouth. You might hear it called a rubber or the barrier method. Don't use male and female condoms at the same time. One can stick to the other and pull it out of place or tear it.


Question: How can an occupational therapist help manage the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Not everyone with MS will need this kind of therapy, but you might consider it if your symptoms make it hard to: Be productive at home, work, or school Have fun, including enjoying your hobbies and finding new ways to spend time Take care of yourself, including dressing, bathing, grooming, and eating In general, an occupational therapist can help you find easier ways to: Write Cook and do chores at home Eat Do your job Have fun and enjoy your hobbies Bathe and use the toilet Get dressed and groom yourself She also can give you information on how to adjust your surroundings to suit your needs. She might suggest ways to alter your home, your car, or your computer to make them easier to use. She can also teach you how to use a cane, wheelchair, and other devices to help you get around.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of HIV months to years after infection?

Answer: Months to years after infection: After the first stage has passed, most people with HIV will start to feel healthier. But that doesn't mean the virus is gone. It can take as long as 10 years for other symptoms to show up. During this time, if your HIV infection is untreated, the virus is still active and infecting new cells in your body. After up to 10 years with an untreated HIV infection, the virus has damaged your immune system. Now you're more likely to get infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi that your body is no longer strong enough to fight off. They can be a sign that your infection has gone from HIV to AIDS. You might have: Weight loss Diarrhea Fever A cough that won't go away Night sweats Mouth and skin problems Frequent infections Serious illnesses or diseases Again, these symptoms can also be the signs of other illnesses and don't necessarily mean you have HIV or AIDS. Get tested to know for sure.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of HIV in the first few weeks?

Answer: But the infection can cause some common changes over time: In the first few weeks: Between 1 and 4 weeks after someone is infected with the virus, they may have flu-like symptoms that last a week or two. It happens because the body is reacting to HIV, and the immune system tries to fight it off. The symptoms at this stage can include: Fever Headache Upset stomach Sore throat Swollen glands Rash Aches and pains in muscles and joints Keep in mind that even if you have these symptoms, that doesn't automatically mean you are HIV-positive. Many different illnesses can cause these problems. Talk to a doctor or an HIV testing facility if you think you might be infected. At this early stage of HIV infection, it's important to know that you may not get accurate results from an HIV test. It can take 3-12 weeks for enough signs of the virus to show up on routine tests for the infection, which measure antibodies against HIV. A new kind of screening, called a nucleic acid test, can detect the virus itself during this early stage, but it's expensive and not usually used for routine HIV testing. Let the testing site or your doctor know if you think you might be recently infected. Also, be sure to use a condom every time you have sex, and take other steps to prevent spreading the virus.


Question: How is a prostate biopsy done?

Answer: Once your doctor decides to do a prostate biopsy, it's a simple, 10-minute procedure. He inserts a needle through the wall of your rectum and into the prostate to extract the cells for testing. Doctors usually take a dozen samples from various parts of the prostate. The idea of such a procedure can make men nervous and it sounds painful. But the biopsy usually causes just brief discomfort. You may notice some blood in your pee and there could be some light bleeding from your bottom. There can also be blood in your semen. This can last for several weeks. The sample will be sent to a lab, where they'll be looked at under a microscope. It takes 3 days or so to get results back.


Question: What are treatment options for prostate cancer?

Answer: Other treatment options include: Radiation Cryotherapy (using very cold temperatures to freeze cancer cells) Hormone therapy Chemotherapy Some men with the disease might only need âactive surveillance,â also called "watchful waiting." This means regular blood tests, rectal exams and possibly biopsies to keep an eye on things. If the cancer gets worse, you might discuss treatment options with your doctor.


Question: When do I need biopsy for my prostate?

Answer: Your doctor may order a biopsy if your prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) level in your blood work is elevated or there is an abnormal lump found during a digital rectal exam. During a digital rectal exam, your doctor inserts a finger up your bottom to feel if your prostate is enlarged or has bumps. Another option before a biopsy is an ultrasound. Instead of a finger, a small probe is inserted to take pictures of the prostate.


Question: What is the first thing to do for treatment of broken jaw?

Answer: Take the broken teeth in their solution to the health care provider or emergency room with you.


Question: How can I prevent a person with broken jaw from choking?

Answer: Allow any blood in the mouth to dribble out or have the person spit it into a handkerchief. Without touching the roots, gently remove any broken or lost teeth from the mouth and place them in cold milk, salt water, or saliva. Take the broken teeth in their solution to the health care provider or emergency room with you.


Question: How is a broken jaw treated?

Answer: Medical treatment depends on the location and severity of the break. A surgeon may be able to set the bone without surgery, although wires may need to be placed to stabilize the jaw. Surgery may be needed to repair the break. The surgeon will place plates or screws to hold the broken pieces of bone together while they heal.


Question: Why does paraphimosis happen?

Answer: Mishandled foreskin. Make sure to put your foreskin back after you, or your caregiver, washes it or inserts a catheter. Piercings. Pain and swelling from penis piercings can make it difficult to put the foreskin in place after pulling it back. During sex. You might pull your foreskin back to have sex. If it stays there too long, it might swell so much that the foreskin gets trapped behind the head. Other penis conditions. Other ailments of the penis can lead to foreskin problems. For example, phimosis can lead to paraphimosis.


Question: How are penis disorders diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor can usually figure out if you have one of these conditions by listening to you describe your symptoms and with an exam.


Question: What are the risks of penis disorders?

Answer: If you have phimosis, you are more likely to get penile cancer. If left untreated, it can lead to increased swelling, and in extreme cases, gangrene, and eventually the loss of your penis.


Question: How can you start a daily food diary to self-manage your Crohn's disease?

Answer: To start your diary, record the foods you eat each day and the serving sizes in a small notebook. Enter the date, food, and any symptoms you might feel after eating this food in the notebook. After a month or two, set up a time to review your food diary with a registered dietitian. The dietitian can determine if you're getting essential nutrients in a well-balanced meal plan or if you might need supplements. Proper nutrition helps the body heal itself and keeps you well. So, having a nutrition discussion with a registered dietitian is important to your overall health and to the management of Crohn's disease.


Question: Which foods should you avoid if you have Crohn's disease?

Answer: It's possible that at least some of these listed foods will trigger your symptoms: alcohol (mixed drinks, beer, wine) butter, mayonnaise, margarine, oils carbonated beverages coffee, tea, chocolate corn dairy products (if lactose intolerant) fatty foods (fried foods) foods high in fiber gas-producing foods (lentils, beans, legumes, cabbage, broccoli, onions) nuts and seeds (peanut butter, other nut butters) raw fruits raw vegetables red meat and pork spicy foods whole grains and bran Once you've identified foods that cause your symptoms to flare, you can choose either to avoid them or to learn new ways of preparing them that will make them tolerable.


Question: Do you need to avoid fast food in a Crohn's disease diet plan?

Answer: While fast foods should normally be avoided in a healthy diet plan, sometimes they can give your diet a needed boost when used sparingly. Some fast foods can offer a valuable supply of key nutrients and calories. For instance, pizza offers calories, protein, and nutrients such as calcium and vitamins A, B, C, and D. A milkshake is high in calories and calcium. Of course, if you are lactose-intolerant, you need to remember to take the proper medication before drinking a milk product.


Question: What is the Crohn's disease diet plan?

Answer: You've probably read about different types of diets for Crohn's disease on the Internet. But the fact is, there is no scientifically proven diet for inflammatory bowel disease. Most experts believe, though, that some patients can identify specific foods that trigger their gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly during disease flares. By avoiding your "trigger foods," you may find that your GI symptoms of gas, bloating, abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea are more manageable. At the same time, you will give your inflamed intestines time to heal.


Question: Can keeping a daily food diary help you self-manage your Crohn's disease?

Answer: Keeping track of the foods you eat each day can help you identify the "offenders" -- foods that may trigger symptoms. Avoiding these foods, especially when your disease is active, may give you better control of the symptoms. You can also use a daily food diary to help you and your doctor determine if you're getting a properly balanced diet. It can show whether you are getting enough protein, carbohydrates, fats, and water. It can also show whether you are getting enough calories to maintain your weight and energy.


Question: Can a liquid diet help me control Crohn's disease symptoms?

Answer: In addition, the liquid diet or special high-calorie liquid formulas can help people with Crohn's who need extra nutrition short-term or those whose intestines cannot absorb proper nutrition from whole foods. Some people with Crohn's disease enjoy supplements such as Ensure Plus or Boost Plus when they need a boost in calories and nutrients.


Question: Is a low-residue diet a Crohn's disease treatment?

Answer: Many individuals with small-bowel Crohn's disease have a narrowing or stricture of the lower small intestine (the ileum). For them, a low-fiber with low-residue diet can help lessen abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea. And while scientific proof is lacking, this diet may also help decrease frequency of bowel movements for some people. Foods to avoid on a low-residue diet may include: corn hulls nuts raw fruits seeds vegetables Yes.


Question: What are serious problems in people with Crohn's disease?

Answer: Nutritional deficiencies and an inability to maintain a normal weight are serious problems for many people, even children, with Crohn's disease.


Question: Are there benefits to gain from omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics in relation to Crohn's disease?

Answer: Numerous studies using fish oil and flaxseed oil suggest an important role for good fats in the inflammatory response that characterizes IBD. The studies, though, are inconsistent on whether or not omega-3 fatty acids have a specific anti-inflammatory effect with IBD. If you want to add omega-3 fatty acid supplements to your diet, talk with your doctor first. Other studies are just beginning to examine the possibility that probiotics or "good" bacteria may be beneficial in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. More studies are needed, though, to determine if these supplements can aid in healing the intestine in IBD.


Question: Will medicine ease the pain of new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Your doctor will probably recommend medicine to ease your pain. It may take some trial and error until you and your doctor find a medicine that works for you. Treatments for NDPH include: Antiseizure, or anticonvulsant, drugs.


Question: How can I treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: New daily persistent headaches ( NDPH) begin without warning and go on for 3 months or longer. The pain may get stronger or weaker each day, but it's always there. There are medicines that can give you relief. Pain management tools like biofeedback and relaxation techniques can also help you feel better.


Question: What causes new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes NDPH. Some small studies suggest there may be a link between viral and other infections and NDPH, but more research is needed.


Question: What antidepressants treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: These include fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft), and venlafaxine ( Effexor).


Question: What is meningitis and how can it cause a sudden headache?

Answer: An infection that causes swelling of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.


Question: Are there other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache?

Answer: But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache. Your doctor may order imaging tests such as an MRI or a CT scan to rule out conditions that may need immediate treatment. These include: A change in pressure or volume of fluid in your spine.


Question: Is physical therapy used to ease the pain of new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Physical therapy may also help ease the pain of NDPH. For some people, NDPH may persist for several years or longer; for others, it may go away much earlier. Researchers continue to look for new and better ways to treat it.


Question: What triptans are used to treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Some examples are almotriptan ( Axert), frovatriptan ( Frova), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig).


Question: Can physical therapy help treat new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: Physical therapy may also help ease the pain of NDPH. For some people, NDPH may persist for several years or longer; for others, it may go away much earlier. Researchers continue to look for new and better ways to treat it.


Question: What does the treatment for new daily persistent headaches include?

Answer: Treatments for NDPH include: Antiseizure, or anticonvulsant, drugs. Gabapentin ( Neurontin), topiramate ( Topamax), and valproic acid ( Depakote) are commonly prescribed. Muscle relaxant drugs. These drugs relax tense muscles and include baclofen ( Lioresal) and tizanidine ( Zanaflex). Antidepressants called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). These include fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft), and venlafaxine ( Effexor). Tricyclic antidepressants. These are older antidepressant drugs that include amitriptyline ( Elavil), doxepin ( Silenor, Sinequan), nortriptyline ( Pamelor), and protriptlyne ( Vivactil). Migraine drugs called triptans. Some examples are almotriptan ( Axert), frovatriptan ( Frova), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig). NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These painkillers include aspirin, celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen, and naproxen.


Question: How can new daily persistent headaches be treated?

Answer: The pain may get stronger or weaker each day, but it's always there. There are medicines that can give you relief. Pain management tools like biofeedback and relaxation techniques can also help you feel better.


Question: What are the symptoms of new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: The pain of NDPH becomes steady within 24 hours of its start. It may feel similar to a tension or migraine headache. You may have pain on both sides of your head. At the same time, you may be sensitive to light or sound. Most headaches are throbbing in nature. But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache.


Question: What does a new daily persistent headache (NDPH) feel like?

Answer: But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache.


Question: What may be recommended to treat new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: Your doctor will probably recommend medicine to ease your pain. It may take some trial and error until you and your doctor find a medicine that works for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of heat rash?

Answer: Small, itchy red bumps on the skin are the symptoms of heat rash. The rash may feel prickly, stinging, or burning.


Question: What are the side effects of taking black tea?

Answer: Side effects of black tea (most often in high amounts) may include: Anxiety and difficulty sleeping Faster breathing Headache Increased urination Irregular heartbeat Nausea and vomiting Nervousness and restlessness Ringing in the ears Tremors Combining black tea with other types of caffeine or a product called ephedra can be very dangerous.


Question: What are the benefits of drinking black tea?

Answer: Drinking a moderate amount of black tea (one to four cups a day) may boost blood pressure slightly, but the effect does not last long. And drinking this amount of black tea is not associated with long-term high blood pressure. Preliminary studies in people show that a black tea supplement can boost metabolism and increase blood pressure. Changes in blood pressure can be a concern.


Question: What conditions can black tea help with?

Answer: Regularly drinking black tea may also lower your risk for these conditions: Diabetes High cholesterol Kidney stones Parkinson's disease But more research about black tea's effect on these conditions is needed to be sure.


Question: What is black tea made of?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Black tea is made from the leaves of a bush called Camellia sinensis. A process called oxidation turns the leaves from green to a dark brownish-black color. Oxidation means the leaves are exposed to moist, oxygen-rich air. Tea manufacturers can control the amount of oxidation. Black tea is a fully oxidized tea. Green tea comes from the same plant, but is not oxidized.


Question: Which foods and drinks can trigger rosacea?

Answer: Foods and drinks that cause rosacea: Alcohol Spicy foods Hot drinks Hot foods (in temperature) Activities that cause rosacea: Exercise or heavy exertion Hot baths or saunas Weather conditions that cause rosacea: Hot weather Cold weather Humid weather Wind Sunlight Emotions that cause rosacea: Stress or anxiety Sudden change in emotion, like feeling embarrassed or bursting out laughing Medical conditions that cause rosacea: Menopause Chronic cough Caffeine withdrawal syndrome Other rosacea triggers: Skin products Medications, such as topical steroids, some blood pressure drugs, and some opiate painkillers Keep in mind that not all of these things will trigger your rosacea.


Question: How can I avoid rosacea trigger foods?

Answer: Don't eat foods that cause rosacea symptoms. You could also try some simple substitutions. For instance, in the morning, replace that steaming mug of coffee with iced coffee.


Question: Which medical conditions can trigger rosacea?

Answer: Foods and drinks that cause rosacea: Alcohol Spicy foods Hot drinks Hot foods (in temperature) Activities that cause rosacea: Exercise or heavy exertion Hot baths or saunas Weather conditions that cause rosacea: Hot weather Cold weather Humid weather Wind Sunlight Emotions that cause rosacea: Stress or anxiety Sudden change in emotion, like feeling embarrassed or bursting out laughing Medical conditions that cause rosacea: Menopause Chronic cough Caffeine withdrawal syndrome Other rosacea triggers: Skin products Medications, such as topical steroids, some blood pressure drugs, and some opiate painkillers Keep in mind that not all of these things will trigger your rosacea.


Question: How do I handle emotional stress so I donât get a rosacea flare-up?

Answer: Learn ways to calm yourself before stress results in a rosacea flare-up. You might try deep breathing exercises or yoga.


Question: What weather conditions can trigger rosacea?

Answer: Weather.


Question: How can I exercise without triggering rosacea?

Answer: So change your routine. Instead of one long workout, try splitting it into several shorter segments. Try longer, low-intensity workouts instead of more demanding ones. And stay cool. Don't exercise outside when it's too hot. If you're inside, use a fan or air conditioner. During your workout, drink plenty of water. Afterward, cover your face with a cool cloth.


Question: What type of activities can trigger rosacea?

Answer: Foods and drinks that cause rosacea: Alcohol Spicy foods Hot drinks Hot foods (in temperature) Activities that cause rosacea: Exercise or heavy exertion Hot baths or saunas Weather conditions that cause rosacea: Hot weather Cold weather Humid weather Wind Sunlight Emotions that cause rosacea: Stress or anxiety Sudden change in emotion, like feeling embarrassed or bursting out laughing Medical conditions that cause rosacea: Menopause Chronic cough Caffeine withdrawal syndrome Other rosacea triggers: Skin products Medications, such as topical steroids, some blood pressure drugs, and some opiate painkillers Keep in mind that not all of these things will trigger your rosacea.


Question: What causes Bell's palsy?

Answer: Most doctors believe that it's due to damage to the facial nerve, which causes swelling. This nerve passes through a narrow, bony area within the skull. When the nerve swells -- even a little bit -- it pushes against the skull's hard surface. This affects how well the nerve works. Researchers have long believed that viral infections may also play a role in the development of Bell's palsy. They've found evidence that suggests the herpes simplex 1 virus (a common cause of cold sores) may be responsible for a large number of cases.


Question: What is Bell's palsy?

Answer: Bell's palsy is a condition in which the muscles on one side of your face become weak or paralyzed. It affects only one side of the face at a time, causing it to droop or become stiff on that side. It's caused by some kind of trauma to the seventh cranial nerve. This is also called the âfacial nerve.â Bell's palsy can happen to anyone. But it seems to occur more often in people who have diabetes or are recovering from viral infections. Most of the time, symptoms are only temporary.


Question: How can I handle allergies from pets?

Answer: Since there's no completely âhypoallergenicâ dog or cat, these strategies may help: Make your bedroom off-limits. You spend a lot of time there, so if you keep your pet out of that room, that will help. Dust with a damp cloth often. You might want to wear a mask when you do that. Clean up after playtime. Wash your hands and change your clothes after you play with your pet.


Question: What areas in your body can get pain, stiffness, and swelling if you have hypothyroidism?

Answer: For example, you might have: Depression Memory problems Trouble thinking clearly You may have pain, stiffness, and swelling in your: Muscles Joints Face Eye area Tongue A hoarse voice, slow speech, and hearing problems are also symptoms.


Question: What is sperm quantity?

Answer: This measures how many sperm you have in your semen when you ejaculate. Remember, you need at least 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen to have a ânormalâ sperm count.


Question: Does exercise help with sperm count?

Answer: Researchers found that men who exercise at least three times per week for 1 hour showed increases in their sperm count and the number of moving sperm, as well.


Question: What causes low sperm count?

Answer: Any number of things can lead to low sperm count, including previous medical problems, age, and your environment. Your lifestyle factors in, too, so if you smoke or use recreational drugs, they can affect your fertility.


Question: Does what you eat affect sperm quality?

Answer: Choosing a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables may boost your semen quality. Eating fewer fatty foods and a little less protein could also help.


Question: How many carbs are in sugar-free cookies?

Answer: Sorry, but sugar-free doesn't equal carb-free. Some sugar-free cookies have nearly as many carbs per serving as their regular counterparts. Check the nutrition facts label before making your choice.


Question: How many carbs are in salad dressing?

Answer: Practically any bottle you reach for will have some sugar. The amount varies by brand, so check labels. Consider making your own. Olive oil and vinegar is an easy option. Or at least stick to the recommended serving size on the bottle. A tablespoon or two is unlikely to send your blood sugar soaring, but if you drown your salad, you could be in trouble.


Question: How many carbs are in tomato sauce?

Answer: If it comes from a jar, you can almost bet that there's added sugar and carbs in there (about 12 grams per half-cup). Look at the nutrition facts closely, and be aware that many brands are also high in sodium. When in doubt, drizzle it on your (whole-grain) pasta sparingly.


Question: What are some healthy milk substitutes for people with diabetes?

Answer: But watch out for flavored varieties, which tend to have more sugar. For example, a cup of vanilla almond milk has 16 grams of carbs. A cup of chocolate soy milk has 23 grams, compared to plain soy milk, which has about 12 grams of carbs.


Question: How many carbs are in barbecue sauce?

Answer: One tablespoon will cost you about 7 grams of carbs. If you keep dipping and dipping until you've consumed one-half cup, you'll have eaten 58 grams of carbs from the sauce alone.


Question: How much carbs are in salad dressing?

Answer: Practically any bottle you reach for will have some sugar. The amount varies by brand, so check labels.


Question: How much carbs are in barbecue sauce?

Answer: One tablespoon will cost you about 7 grams of carbs. If you keep dipping and dipping until you've consumed one-half cup, you'll have eaten 58 grams of carbs from the sauce alone.


Question: How many carbs should people with diabetes have per meal?

Answer: Many people with diabetes aim for 45-60 grams of carbs per meal. But you should talk to your doctor or diabetes educator to find out the right amount of carbs for you.


Question: How much carbs are in milk substitutes?

Answer: For example, a cup of vanilla almond milk has 16 grams of carbs. A cup of chocolate soy milk has 23 grams, compared to plain soy milk, which has about 12 grams of carbs.


Question: How much carbs are in yogurt?

Answer: But some low-fat, fruit-flavored varieties have upward of 40 grams of carbs for an 8-ounce serving. For a lower-carb alternative, try Greek yogurt. The plain, no-fat variety has about 9 grams of carbs for the same size serving, and it also packs more protein than the regular stuff.


Question: How much carbs are in split pea soup?

Answer: Peas are starchy veggies, which means you'll be getting a hefty amount of carbs (26 grams per cup) along with other nutrients like fiber. Many soups also have a lot of salt, so pick reduced-sodium varieties.


Question: How much carbs are in protein bars?

Answer: Don't assume that high-protein means low-carb. Many bars, especially those aimed at athletes who need extra energy, have plenty of both. Need a healthy snack before your workout? A banana with 1 tablespoon of peanut butter might be a better option.


Question: How do you take proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Answer: You need to take PPIs once a day on an empty stomach so they'll work best. Usually you'll take the medicine every morning, about 30 to 60 minutes before you eat breakfast, to control stomach acid. Talk to your doctor before taking the PPI called omeprazole ( Prilosec OTC) if you take clopidogrel ( Plavix) - a drug used to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Taking the two drugs may make clopidogrel less effective.


Question: What is heartburn?

Answer: Heartburn, sometimes called acid indigestion, is a painful, burning feeling in the middle of your chest or the upper part of your stomach. The pain, which can also spread to your neck, jaw, or arms, can last just a few minutes or stick with you for hours.


Question: What over the counter medications treat hemorrhoids?

Answer: Medications include creams, suppositories, pads, and ointments. Most products contain witch hazel or hydrocortisone, which can help stop the itching and swelling and may ease pain. Most over-the-counter medications should not be used for more than a week. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about which is the best option for you.


Question: What causes bloating?

Answer: When gas builds up in your stomach and intestines, you may have bloating -- swelling in your belly and a feeling of fullness. It may happen to you more often if you have: A stomach infection Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS). This digestive condition causes stomach pain, cramping, and diarrhea or constipation. Celiac disease ( When people with this condition eat gluten, their bodies produce antibodies that attack the intestinal lining.) Hormonal changes that happen around women's periods Constipation While bloating is usually just uncomfortable, it can sometimes cause pain in your belly or sides.


Question: Which foods cause gas?

Answer: You've probably noticed you feel gassy after eating certain foods. Cut back on the common culprits: Apples Asparagus Beans Broccoli Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cauliflower Milk and dairy products Mushrooms Onions Peaches Pears Prunes Wheat What causes bloating?


Question: What are the complications of frequent heartburn and GERD?

Answer: Over time, heartburn that isn't treated or controlled well by lifestyle changes or medicine may cause serious problems, including: Breathing problems like asthma, nighttime choking, and repeated pneumonia Changes in the cells that line the esophagus, called Barrett's esophagus. This can possibly lead to cancer of the esophagus. Painful inflammation of the esophagus called esophagitis Narrowing of the esophagus, called an esophageal stricture. This can cause problems swallowing.


Question: What is gas?

Answer: Gas is a normal part of healthy digestion. Air that is in your digestive tract is either released through your mouth as a burp or through your anus as gas. You typically pass gas 13 to 21 times a day.


Question: What are proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Answer: PPIs are used to prevent frequent heartburn that happens more than twice a week. They work by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Often, they work better than H2 blockers. You also can take these drugs for a longer period of time than H2 blockers. PPIs are available over the counter and by prescription.


Question: What are the side effects of H2 blockers?

Answer: The most common side effects are mild and include: Constipation Diarrhea Headache Nausea or vomiting Proton- Pump Inhibitors ( PPIs) What are PPIs?


Question: What is insoluble fiber?

Answer: Sources include: Apples Citrus fruits Lentils Nuts Oatmeal Psyllium Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water. Think of it as a broom: It helps keep food and waste moving through your body. Because insoluble fiber attracts water in your gut, it makes stools softer and easier to pass. Eating a diet rich in insoluble fiber can help with constipation. Sources include: Carrots Cauliflower Legumes Potatoes Whole grains Women should get about 25 grams of fiber per day. Men should get 38 grams. If you have trouble getting enough fiber from foods, your doctor may suggest you take fiber supplements.


Question: Should I take a probiotic supplement?

Answer: People with certain conditions shouldn't take them, and some probiotics may affect how well your other medications work. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether probiotic supplements are right for you.


Question: When should I call my doctor about constipation?

Answer: If you are constipated for more than 2 weeks, are losing weight, have blood in your stool, or you are having severe pain, see your doctor. These may be signs of a serious problem.


Question: Can exercise cause heartburn?

Answer: But some types of exercise can trigger the burning sensation. You'll be less likely to reach for your heartburn medicine if you avoid crunches and inverted poses in yoga. You may need to find alternatives to high-impact workouts. For example, bicycle or swim instead of going for a run.


Question: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease, (GERD)?

Answer: But when you have it frequently (at least twice a week for a few weeks), or when it begins to interfere with your daily life or damage your esophagus, your doctor may tell you that you have a long-term condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. It's also known as acid reflux disease. Heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD.


Question: How can I prevent and treat constipation  without medication?

Answer: Drink plenty of water (60-80 ounces per day). An extra 2 to 4 glasses a day may help. Eat prunes or bran cereal. 20-35 grams of fiber per day Eat more vegetables and fruit. Drink warm water or herbal tea in the morning. Exercise often.


Question: What are prokinetics?

Answer: Prokinetics help your stomach empty faster, so you have less acid left behind. Usually you take this medicine before meals and at bedtime. Prokinetics are sold only by prescription.


Question: How can I treat hemorrhoids without medication?

Answer: This will make it easier to have bowel movements and reduce the pressure on hemorrhoids. Try a stool softener. Exercise to help relieve constipation. Don't strain during bowel movements. Soak in a plain, warm bath or sitz bath (a few inches of water that covers your private parts and bottom) to help relieve the pain. Keep the area clean and dry. Use moist wipes instead of dry toilet paper so you don't irritate the area any further. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to help with swelling. Avoid spicy foods to prevent itching.


Question: How can I reduce gas and bloating?

Answer: Diet and lifestyle changes can make a big difference: Cut back on fatty foods. Avoid fizzy drinks. Eat and drink slowly. Quit smoking. Don't chew gum. Exercise more. Avoid foods that cause gas. Avoid sweeteners that cause gas such as fructose and sorbitol. They are often found in candies, chewing gum, energy bars, and low-carb foods.


Question: What type of antacids should I choose to treat heartburn?

Answer: Soothe occasional, mild heartburn with an antacid that contains calcium carbonate or magnesium. They help neutralize stomach acid. Some prevent acid reflux. Those that contain magnesium may also help heal stomach ulcers. They come in liquids and pills and are fast-acting.


Question: How can I avoid extreme jaw movements to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Keep yawning and chewing (especially gum or ice) to a minimum and don't yell, sing, or do anything that forces you to open wide.


Question: What causes temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: We don't know what causes TMD. Dentists believe symptoms arise from problems with the muscles of your jaw or with the parts of the joint itself. Injury to your jaw, the joint, or the muscles of your head and neck -- like from a heavy blow or whiplash -- can lead to TMD. Other causes include: Grinding or clenching your teeth, which puts a lot of pressure on the joint Movement of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket of the joint Arthritis in the joint Stress, which can cause you to tighten facial and jaw muscles or clench the teeth TMD often causes severe pain and discomfort.


Question: How can trigger-point injections treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Pain medication or anesthesia is injected into tender facial muscles called "trigger points" to give relief.