Question: Are there any tests for menopause?

Answer: The most accurate way to tell if it's happening to you is to watch your menstrual cycles for 12 months in a row. It helps to keep track of your periods and chart them as they become irregular. Menopause has happened when you have not had any period for an entire 12 months. Your doctor can check your blood for follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH). The levels will jump as your ovaries begin to shut down. As your estrogen levels fall, you'll notice hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and less lubrication during sex. The tissue in and around your vagina will thin as estrogen drops, too. The only way to check for this is through a Pap-like smear, but it's rarely done. As this happens, you might have urinary incontinence, painful sex, a low sex drive, and vaginal itching.


Question: What are the stages of menopause?

Answer: The process happens slowly over three stages: Perimenopause. Your cycles will become irregular, but they haven't stopped. Most women hit this stage around age 47. Even though you might notice symptoms like hot flashes, you can still get pregnant. Menopause. This is when you'll have your final menstrual period. You won't know for sure it's happened until you've gone a year without one. Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep problems, and other symptoms are common in this stage. Postmenopause. This begins when you hit the year mark from your final period. Once that happens, you'll be referred to as postmenopausal for the rest of your life. Keep in mind that after more than 1 year of no menstrual periods due to menopause, vaginal bleeding isn't normal, so tell your doctor if you have any ASAP.


Question: How can I avoid getting bronchitis?

Answer: Don't smoke. Don't allow others to smoke in your home. Stay away from or reduce your time around things that irritate your nose, throat, and lungs, such as dust or pets. If you catch a cold, get plenty of rest. Take your medicine exactly the way your doctor tells you. Eat a healthy diet. Wash your hands often.


Question: When should you call your doctor about bronchitis?

Answer: Symptoms of bronchitis include: A cough that is frequent and produces mucus A lack of energy A wheezing sound when breathing A fever See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: A cough that lasts more than two to three weeks A fever A cough that produces blood or thick or colored mucous Any shortness of breath or wheezing If you have bronchitis you should: Drink fluids every one to two hours unless your doctor has restricted your fluid intake Rest Don't smoke Relieve body aches by taking an NSAID such as ibuprofen or naproxen or another pain killer such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol).


Question: What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

Answer: Symptoms of bronchitis include: A cough that is frequent and produces mucus A lack of energy A wheezing sound when breathing A fever See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: A cough that lasts more than two to three weeks A fever A cough that produces blood or thick or colored mucous Any shortness of breath or wheezing If you have bronchitis you should: Drink fluids every one to two hours unless your doctor has restricted your fluid intake Rest Don't smoke Relieve body aches by taking an NSAID such as ibuprofen or naproxen or another pain killer such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol).


Question: What medications can treat a cough from bronchitis?

Answer: If you have a dry cough and cough up little to no mucus, your doctor may prescribe a cough medicine to suppress your cough. He or she may also prescribe an expectorant to help loosen mucus so it can be more easily coughed up. Because viruses cause most cases of bronchitis, antibiotics will not usually be useful or necessary. Exceptions would be bronchitis caused by a bacterial infection or bronchitis in a person who has impaired lung function.


Question: What happens when you get a bladder infection?

Answer: That causes the lining of the urethra to get thinner and may change the balance of bacteria in the vagina, making infections more likely. When men get them, a prostate infection usually is the cause.


Question: What causes bladder infections?

Answer: The main culprits are bacteria, usually E. coli. These bacteria live on your skin and in your intestines and most of the time, they're not a problem. Everyone has them.


Question: What causes bladder infections after menopause?

Answer: After menopause, women have less of the hormone estrogen. That causes the lining of the urethra to get thinner and may change the balance of bacteria in the vagina, making infections more likely.


Question: What causes bladder infections during pregnancy?

Answer: During pregnancy, the baby can press on your bladder, which prevents it from emptying completely and gives bacteria a place to thrive.


Question: What causes bladder infections in men?

Answer: When men get them, a prostate infection usually is the cause. But any blockage -- like from a bladder stone or enlarged prostate -- can prevent the bladder from totally emptying and cause infection.


Question: What drugs can interact with thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?

Answer: Some drugs block the enzyme that processes TZDs. Your doctor may want to prescribe another medicine if you take one of these medications: Fluvoxamine Gemfibrozil Ketoconazole Rifampicin Trimethoprin Other medicines, when combined with a TZD, may raise your chance of having heart problems: NSAIDs Sulfonylureas Nitrates Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose ( Precose,) miglitol ( Glyset).


Question: What are the side effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) for diabetes?

Answer: These drugs boost the way insulin works in the body. What are the side effects? It may cause you to hang on to fluids in your body, which can lead to swelling. TZDs can also make you gain weight and raise your levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol. They are also linked with serious side effects, such as bone fractures and heart failure.


Question: What are the side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes?

Answer: SGLT2 inhibitors: Canagliflozin ( Invokana), dapagliflozin ( Farxiga), empagliflozin ( Jardiance). They work in the kidneys and remove extra sugar from your blood through urine. What are the side effects? These drugs raise your chances of having urinary tract and yeast infections. They may also cause low blood sugar.


Question: What drugs can interact with SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes?

Answer: Rifampin may make the drug less effective. SGLT2 inhibitors may also raise the amount of digoxin in the body.


Question: What should you know about your medicine for diabetes?

Answer: Different types of diabetes drugs have their own side effects and ways they interact with other medicines.


Question: What should you do if your child starts to get dehydrated?

Answer: Symptoms of dehydration in children can include: Thirst Fatigue Irritability Dry mouth Feeling hot When children complain of thirst, feeling hot, or just seem irritable in the heat, they may have early dehydration. Get the child out of the sun into a cool, comfortable place. Have him start drinking plenty of cool fluids such as water or sports drinks. Sugary fruit juices or sodas with more than 8% carbohydrates are not recommended, because it is not absorbed as rapidly by the body. He should also take off any excess layers of clothing or bulky sports equipment. You can put cool, wet cloths on overheated skin.


Question: How do you treat heatstroke in kids?

Answer: For a child with heatstroke, cool the body while awaiting the ambulance by removing clothing and placing ice bags on the neck, in the armpits, and the groin areas. Fan the person and spray with cool water. If she is awake and able to swallow, give fluids.


Question: How do you help your child if they have a heat illnesses related to dehydration?

Answer: Next, take the child to a cool, shady place and encourage her to drink plenty of liquids. If she is experiencing a milder heat illness, rest and rehydration with water or a sports drink may be all that's needed. More severe heat illnesses require immediate medical attention.


Question: What are symptoms of heat illness in a dehydrated child?

Answer: Heat cramps: Painful cramps of the abdominal muscles, arms, or legs. Heat syncope: Weakness, fatigue, or fainting after exercising in heat. Heat exhaustion: Profuse sweating, fatigue, headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, chills, weakness, excessive thirst, muscle aches and cramps, vision problems, flushing, agitation or irritability, and sometimes unconsciousness. Heatstroke: High body temperature (often it's 104 F-105 F or higher), nausea and vomiting; seizures; disorientation or delirium; hot, dry skin; unconsciousness; coma; shortness of breath; decreased urination; or blood in urine or stool.


Question: Is there a test to show me that my Crohn's disease is in remission?

Answer: The Crohn's disease activity index ( CDAI) is one way to check. It measures 18 symptoms, including pain and diarrhea, and gives you a score. But this test isn't always accurate. Even though symptoms go away and you feel fine, you might still have inflammation that can cause a flare.


Question: Will my diet change when putting my Crohn's disease into remission?

Answer: You may need to get foods in liquid form through a feeding tube or injected into your vein to help your bowels rest and heal. Your doctor will probably suggest a low-fiber diet to help you pass smaller stools and avoid a bowel blockage.


Question: What level of medications will I be prescribed for my Crohn's disease to go into remission?

Answer: These include: Steroids like prednisone ( Deltasone) Drugs to slow down your immune system, like azathioprine ( Azasan and Imuran), cyclosporine ( Gengraf, Neoral, Restasis, and Sandimmune), mercaptopurine ( Purinethol and Purixan), or methotrexate ( Rasuvo and Trexall) TNF inhibitors like adalimumab ( Humira), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), or infliximab ( Remicade) and it's biosimilars, infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra) Newer biologics like natalizumab ( Tysabri), ustekinumab ( Stelara), or vedolizumab ( Entyvio) Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin ( Cipro, Cetraxal, Ciloxan, and Proquin) or metronidazole ( Flagyl) You may start with mild drugs, then step up to stronger ones if you need them to get to remission. Or if your disease is severe, you could try strong drugs first, then move down to milder ones.


Question: Will I need surgery in order to have my Crohn's disease go into remission?

Answer: Surgery. In addition to meds, up to half the people with Crohn's also need surgery. Your doctor will take out parts of your intestines where there's damage and reconnect the healthy areas.


Question: What side effects can steroids cause while treating my Crohn's disease?

Answer: Your doctor will probably slowly cut down and stop them as you start other treatments.


Question: What are instabilities in people with borderline personality disorder, in relation to dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)?

Answer: People with borderline personality disorder may have difficulty regulating emotions. They experience instability in: moods behavior self-image thinking relationships Impulsive behavior, such as substance abuse, risky sex, self-injury, and repeated life crises such as legal troubles and homelessness, are common.


Question: What is dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to identify and change negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT may be used to treat suicidal and other self-destructive behaviors. It teaches patients skills to cope with, and change, unhealthy behaviors. The term "dialectical" comes from the idea that bringing together two opposites in therapy -- acceptance and change -- brings better results than either one alone. A unique aspect of DBT is its focus on acceptance of a patient's experience as a way for therapists to reassure them -- and balance the work needed to change negative behaviors.


Question: What is gout?

Answer: It usually affects only one joint at a time, but if it's not treated, you might end up with it in your knee, ankle, foot, hand, wrist, or elbow. The most common signs of a gout attack are: Sudden and severe pain in a joint, usually in the middle of the night or early morning Tenderness in the joint. It can also be warm to the touch and look red or purple Stiffness in the joint If gout isn't treated over long periods of time, the crystals can form lumps under the skin around the joint.


Question: What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: That's because your kidneys can't remove waste products from your body like they should.


Question: Why do you need to limit potassium when you have chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: This mineral helps your nerves and muscles work properly. But when you have CKD, your body can't filter out excess potassium. When you have too much of it in your blood, it can lead to serious heart problems.


Question: How can you cut sodium in your diet when you have chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: Try these simple tips to cut the sodium in your diet: Avoid table salt and high-sodium seasonings (soy sauce, sea salt, garlic salt, etc.). Cook at home -- most fast foods are high in sodium.


Question: What is the A1c test for diabetes?

Answer: A1c Test: This is a blood test you'll get in your doctor's office at least twice a year, or as often as he recommends. The results show your average blood sugar control for the past 2 to 3 months. You and your doctor need this test to see how well your diabetes treatment plan is working, so you can make changes if you need to.


Question: What is the continuous glucose monitoring system for diabetes?

Answer: Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: If you choose this method, your doctor will place a tiny sensor under your skin to check blood sugar levels every 5 minutes. It sends data to a monitor that you wear like a pager for a few days. You'll still need to check your levels throughout the day; continuous glucose monitoring doesn't replace that. It gives your doctor more information about trends that self-checking might not show.


Question: How can I check my blood sugar on my own if I have diabetes?

Answer: To do it, you use a gadget that pricks your finger with a tiny needle. You'll put a drop of blood onto a test strip. The strip goes into a handheld device that measures your blood sugar level. Record the test results, so you can share it with your doctor. Based on your results, the two of you may adjust your diet, exercise, or medication. A1c Test: This is a blood test you'll get in your doctor's office at least twice a year, or as often as he recommends.


Question: What are the risks of buying  ED drugs without a prescription  online?

Answer: The ED drugs and herbal remedies you buy on the internet aren't always what they seem. An FDA investigation found that more than one-third of "dietary supplements" sold for ED actually contained prescription drugs, including sildenafil, the medicine in Viagra. Some ED drugs sold online contained entirely different medicines, such as the antibiotic metronidazole and the fertility drug clomiphene. Even if a drug contains the right medicine, it may not be the right dose. When samples of 100-milligram Viagra tablets purchased online were tested, only 10% were even close to the advertised strength. When you buy from an unknown company, you run the risk of getting counterfeit medicines. By some estimates, more than half of all ED drugs sold online are fakes. Some of these drugs include ingredients you wouldn't want to put in your body -- things like talcum powder, paint, and printer ink.


Question: What are the symptoms of pinkeye?

Answer: They depend on the cause of the inflammation, but may include: Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid Swollen conjunctiva More tears than usual Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep.


Question: How is pinkeye from bacteria treated?

Answer: If bacteria, including those related to STDs, caused your pinkeye, you'll take antibiotics in the form of eyedrops, ointments, or pills. You may need to apply eyedrops or ointments to the inside of your eyelid 3 to 4 times a day for 5 to 7 days. You would take pills for several days. The infection should improve within a week. Take or use the medicines as instructed by your doctor, even if the symptoms go away.


Question: What are the complications of pinkeye?

Answer: Usually, pinkeye clears up on its own or after you take any medicines your doctor prescribes, with no lasting problems. Mild pinkeye is almost always harmless and will get better without treatment. But some forms of conjunctivitis can become serious and sight-threatening, because they can scar your cornea. They include conjunctivitis caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, or certain strains of the adenovirus.


Question: How is pinkeye from allergies treated?

Answer: Conjunctivitis tied to allergies should improve once you get your allergy treated and avoid your allergy trigger. Antihistamines (either oral or drops) can give relief in the meantime. ( But remember that if you have dry eyes, taking antihistamines by mouth can make your eyes even drier.) See your doctor if you think your pinkeye is due to an allergy.


Question: How is pinkeye from irritants treated?

Answer: For pinkeye caused by an irritating substance, use water to wash the substance from the eye for 5 minutes. Your eyes should begin to improve within 4 hours. If your conjunctivitis was caused by acid or alkaline material such as bleach, immediately rinse the eyes with lots of water and call your doctor right away.


Question: How can you treat a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: If you suspect your small child was bitten by a brown recluse, see your doctor right away. Their bodies can't ward off the dangerous effects of the spider's venom. For adults, most brown recluse spider bites can be treated at home with good results. But about 10% of them cause ulcers or blisters that damage your skin so badly that you need a doctor's care.


Question: What are the symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: A bite might not hurt at first or even leave a mark. For some people, it feels like a pinch or a bee sting. Within the first day or two after you've been bitten, you may notice: Pain or redness at the site of the bite A deep sore (ulcer) that forms where you were bitten, with the skin at the center turning purple Fever Chills Nausea Joint pain Feeling weak Seizures or coma (very rare) Your doctor will want to be as certain as he can that you were, in fact, bitten by a spider.


Question: What are home remedies for a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: If your symptoms are mild, try these simple home remedies: Clean it with soap and water. Apply antibiotic cream. If you were bitten on an arm or leg, keep it raised while you're resting. This can reduce swelling. Put ice on it. Take over-the-counter pain medicine. Watch for more severe symptoms.


Question: Should I use cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin?

Answer: Don't use any cover-up for psoriasis on open sores or raw or bleeding skin.


Question: Should I take time to rethink my treatment for psoriasis?

Answer: If you've spent a lot of time and money trying cover-ups that haven't worked, you may want to ask your doctor what else could help and if your psoriasis treatment plan is working.


Question: What are the symptoms of syphilis?

Answer: Syphilis is a tricky disease with four stages. In the primary stage, the main symptom is a sore. Sometimes syphilis is called the "great imitator" because the sore can look like a cut, an ingrown hair, or a harmless bump. The secondary stage starts with a rash on your body, followed by sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus. Symptoms usually disappear in the third, or latent, stage. This stage can last for years or the rest of your life. Only about 15% of people with untreated syphilis will develop the final stage. In the late stage, it causes organ and nerve damage. It can also cause problems in your brain.


Question: What is trichomoniasis?

Answer: More women than men get trichomoniasis, which is caused by a tiny parasite. Men and women can give it to each other through penis-vagina contact. Women can give it to each other when their genital areas touch. Only about 30% of people with trichomoniasis have symptoms including itching, burning, or sore genitals. You might also see a smelly, clear, white, yellowish, or greenish discharge. Trichomoniasis is treated with antibiotics. It is important to be retested within three months of treatment, even if your partner has been treated as well.


Question: What are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer: They can feel like the flu, with muscle aches, fatigue, or a slight fever. You could also lose weight or have diarrhea. The only sure way to tell if you've been infected is to get your saliva or blood tested.


Question: How do you get HPV (human papillomavirus)?

Answer: Nearly every sexually active person will have HPV at some point. It is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the U. S. More than 40 types of HPV can be spread sexually. You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.


Question: Who shouldn't get the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer: You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus.


Question: Are there any risks associated with the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer: The most common side effect from the chickenpox vaccine is swelling, soreness, or redness at the site of the injection. A small number of people may also develop a mild rash or a low-grade fever after vaccination. Serious reactions to the chickenpox vaccine are extremely rare, but they may include: Seizures Brain infection Pneumonia Loss of balance Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) If you think you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine, call your health care provider right away.


Question: What should you do if you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer: Serious reactions to the chickenpox vaccine are extremely rare, but they may include: Seizures Brain infection Pneumonia Loss of balance Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) If you think you may be having a serious reaction to the chickenpox vaccine, call your health care provider right away. Make a note of the symptoms you're experiencing, and report them to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System ( VAERS) at 1-800-822-7967. Women who receive the chickenpox vaccine during pregnancy should contact their health care provider right away. Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause birth defects, so there may be a risk that the chickenpox vaccine could cause the same birth defects. As with other vaccines, the risks associated with the chickenpox vaccine are much lower than the risks associated with the disease itself.


Question: What is the best way to prevent chickenpox?

Answer: Some complications that can arise from chickenpox include: Skin infections Pneumonia Encephalitis (swelling in the brain) Shingles (later in life) Joint inflammation Vaccination is the best way to prevent chickenpox. A chickenpox vaccine has been available in the U. S. since 1995 and is easy to get from a doctor or a public health clinic. The chickenpox vaccine is very effective at preventing the disease -- between 70% and 90% of people who get vaccinated will be completely immune to chickenpox. If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, the symptoms will be very mild and only last for a few days.


Question: What's in the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer: You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus. That means the virus is able to produce immunity in the body without causing illness.


Question: What complications can arise from chickenpox?

Answer: Some complications that can arise from chickenpox include: Skin infections Pneumonia Encephalitis (swelling in the brain) Shingles (later in life) Joint inflammation Vaccination is the best way to prevent chickenpox.


Question: When should adults be vaccinated against chickenpox?

Answer: Two doses of the vaccine should be given at least four weeks apart. If you've never had chickenpox or been vaccinated and you are exposed to chickenpox, being vaccinated right away will greatly reduce your risk of getting sick. Studies have shown that vaccination within three days of exposure is 90% effective at preventing illness; vaccination within five days of exposure is 70% effective. If you do get sick, the symptoms will be milder and shorter in duration. You should not be vaccinated against chickenpox if you: Are moderately to severely ill at the time of vaccination Are pregnant (women should not become pregnant for one month after receiving the chickenpox vaccine) Have ever had an allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of chickenpox vaccine These people should check with their doctor about getting the chickenpox vaccine: Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for cancer People taking steroid drugs People with HIV or another disease that compromises the immune system Patients who recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products The chickenpox vaccine is made from a live, weakened form of the varicella virus.


Question: How does a radiofrequency ablation work to treat colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Radiofrequency ablation uses heat from radio waves to destroy cancer cells if your liver tumors are small.


Question: How is chemotherapy done to treat colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Chemotherapy Before surgery, you may get a type of medicine called chemotherapy, or "chemo," to kill cancer cells. There are different kinds of chemo drugs, and your doctor will pick those that are right for your type of cancer. Chemo shrinks the tumor so it's easier to remove. You may get chemotherapy after surgery, too, to kill any cancer cells that are left behind.


Question: How can you get support for living with colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Make sure you get the emotional support you need during this time, too. Friends, family members, social workers, and therapists can all be a big help. They may not be sure what to offer, so let them know what would be helpful. Ask them to listen when you've had a tough day or to do something fun with you when you have the energy for it.


Question: When do you need radiation to treat colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Radiation Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. You may get this treatment if your tumor can't be removed with surgery or to relieve your symptoms.


Question: What clinical trials exist for colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Scientists also are doing clinical trials to look for new ways to treat colon cancer that has spread. These trials test new drugs to see if they're safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit.


Question: How is surgery done to treat colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Surgery The main treatment for colon cancer that has spread to the liver is surgery when possible. The surgeon will take out as much of the cancer as possible from both the liver and colon. People who have just one cancer tumor in the liver have the highest survival rates. Sometimes, the tumor can block the intestine. If this happens, your doctor can do surgery to put in a tube called a stent to open up the blockage.


Question: How are targeted therapies used for colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: Monoclonal antibodies, or targeted therapies, are lab-made versions of proteins that can be targeted to the cancer. You get some of these drugs through an IV. One drug comes in a pill form. They attach to certain other proteins in your body and change the way they work.


Question: What scans are used to diagnose colon cancer that has spread to the liver?

Answer: To see where the cancer is and how big it has grown, your doctor may order one or more of these scans: CT, or computed tomography. It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body. MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging. It uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your body. PET, or positron emission tomography. It uses radioactive particles called tracers to find disease inside your body. Liver biopsy. Your doctor will take a tiny sample of your liver to test it.


Question: What are the symptoms of colon cancer with liver metastasis?

Answer: The types of symptoms depend on the size of the cancer and where in your body it has spread. Some people with colon cancer that has spread to the liver don't have any symptoms. Or you might have symptoms like: Blood in the stool Pain in the right side of your belly Swelling in your belly A tired, sick feeling Weight loss To find out whether you have colon cancer that has spread to your liver, your doctor may ask questions like: When were you diagnosed with colon cancer?


Question: How is colon cancer with liver metastasis diagnosed?

Answer: Or you might have symptoms like: Blood in the stool Pain in the right side of your belly Swelling in your belly A tired, sick feeling Weight loss To find out whether you have colon cancer that has spread to your liver, your doctor may ask questions like: When were you diagnosed with colon cancer? What treatments have you had? What are your symptoms?


Question: What causes Grover's disease?

Answer: It may appear for no reason. Some doctors think that sun-damaged skin or extreme swings in temperature play a role. One popular, but unproven, theory is that it may be linked to sweating. Many cases have occurred in men who use hot tubs, steam rooms, electric blankets, and other warming items.


Question: Who is more likely to get Grover's disease?

Answer: Grover's disease usually happens in men over 50. However, women sometimes get it, too.


Question: What are treatments for Grover's disease if you have mild rash?

Answer: If you have a mild rash, the first treatments may include: Antihistamines, taken by mouth Prescription cortisone cream, applied to the rash Other anti-itch lotions that contain menthol or camphor If your symptoms are very bad, your doctor may suggest retinoids or an antibiotic taken by mouth.


Question: What are symptoms of Grover's disease?

Answer: The main symptoms of Grover's disease are: Sudden rash on the chest, back, and sometimes arms and legs Blisters containing a thin, watery liquid with a hair follicle in the center Blisters clumped together, surrounded by a red swollen ring Itching, which may be intense Symptoms usually last about 6 to 12 months, but may go away sooner or take longer to disappear.


Question: How is breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy?

Answer: The best thing you can do while pregnant is to see your doctor regularly. These visits are called prenatal (or "before birth") checkups, and they're crucial for keeping you and your baby in the best possible health. During some of these visits, you may have breast exams to check for changes. You should also regularly do self-exams at home. That way you'll be more able to notice any changes in your breasts. If you're not sure exactly how to give yourself a breast exam, your doctor or nurse can teach you.


Question: Should you have breast exams while pregnant?

Answer: This makes it extra important to have breast exams throughout pregnancy. Any lumps or suspicious symptoms need to be checked by a doctor.


Question: What happens if you have advanced breast cancer while pregnant?

Answer: Advanced breast cancer usually requires both surgery and chemotherapy, so the risk for the baby is higher. The decision of whether or not to undergo treatment can be a very hard one. Talk with your family and doctor about what's right for you.


Question: Why are women more prone to oral health problems?

Answer: Women may be more susceptible to oral health problems because of the unique hormonal changes they experience. Hormones affect not only the blood supply to the gum tissue but also the body's response to the toxins (poisons) that result from plaque buildup.


Question: When are women more at risk for oral health problems?

Answer: There are five situations in a women's life during which hormone fluctuations make them more susceptible to oral health problems â during puberty, at certain points in the monthly menstrual cycle, when using birth control pills, during pregnancy, and at menopause.


Question: What are tips to prevent oral health problems?

Answer: Some tips for preventing oral health problems like gum disease and tooth decay include: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Floss and rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash at least once a day. Visit your dentist twice a year for a professional oral examination and cleaning. Eat a well balanced diet. Avoid sugary or starchy snacks. Ask your dentist if he or she thinks you should use an antimicrobial mouth rinse. If you have dry mouth, ask your dentist about treatments for this condition, such as artificial saliva. Biotene is one such product and is available over the counter.


Question: Can coronary heart disease cause heart failure in women?

Answer: Fat-clogged arteries are less likely to be a main cause for heart failure in women than in men. At the same time, women are more likely to have heart failure, a stroke, or die within 5 years after a heart attack than men.


Question: Is high blood pressure a risk for heart failure in women?

Answer: You typically get heart failure because of a health issue that weakens, damages, or stiffens your heart. That includes heart attacks, faulty heart valves, and infections. But the causes of heart failure in women and men can vary: High blood pressure . This doubles or triples your chance of getting heart failure. But high blood pressure is much more common in women who have heart failure than in men.


Question: When does lung cancer become advanced?

Answer: Lung cancer becomes advanced when it grows spreads to the other lung or spreads to other parts of your body. Sometimes it's called metastatic or stage IV disease.


Question: What are the two main forms of lung cancer?

Answer: About 85% of people with the disease have this type. The other kind is small-cell lung cancer. The names describe the type of cancer cells seen with a microscope.


Question: What should you expect with advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Lung cancer becomes advanced when it grows spreads to the other lung or spreads to other parts of your body. Sometimes it's called metastatic or stage IV disease. There are two main forms. Non-small-cell lung cancer is the most common one. About 85% of people with the disease have this type. The other kind is small-cell lung cancer. The names describe the type of cancer cells seen with a microscope. Lung cancer is very hard for doctors to find in its early stages. Even if you have symptoms, like a cough or feeling tired, you might not feel bad enough to see a doctor. Most people are diagnosed after their disease becomes advanced. Although there's no cure for lung cancer at this stage, there are treatments that can make symptoms easier to handle.


Question: What is the treatment for advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Most of the time, surgery won't work for advanced lung cancer because it has spread. Most people with the disease can have treatment with a mix of radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies -- drugs that attack specific parts of the cancer cells. Your doctor will recommend the therapies she thinks are most likely to help you. Often, the goal of treatment isn't to get rid of the cancer but to help you live longer and feel better even with cancer still in your body. Your doctor may call this approach palliative care. It will make you more comfortable by improving your symptoms such as pain, nausea, and coughing. You can also get palliative care along with other treatments such as chemotherapy.


Question: Will I have pain if I have advanced lung cancer?

Answer: People with advanced cancer often have pain, though not everyone does. Tell your doctor about it and talk about different ways to control it, such as medications.


Question: Will surgery work to treat advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Most of the time, surgery won't work for advanced lung cancer because it has spread.


Question: What emotions might I feel if I have advanced lung cancer?

Answer: It's normal to feel a mix of emotions when you learn you have cancer -- things like fear, anger, and sadness. You don't have to deal with them alone. Talk to friends, family, or a professional counselor to sort through what you're feeling. Other people with lung cancer might also be able to offer understanding and advice.


Question: Is it possible to still live an active and enjoyable life if I have advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Often, the goal of treatment isn't to get rid of the cancer but to help you live longer and feel better even with cancer still in your body.


Question: How will advanced lung cancer affect my energy levels?

Answer: The disease also might make you feel tired much of the time. Think about which activities are important to you, and focus your energy on them. You can also rethink your tasks around the house. Some people hire professional caregivers to take care of the basics. Or friends and relatives might help. Others opt for hospice care, which helps you and your family prepare for the end of life.


Question: Is it common to have shortness of breath with advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Shortness of breath is also common. It can help to pace your activities and take rests, even if you're just going to the bathroom. Some people can breathe easier with medications or oxygen therapy.


Question: What is the goal of treating advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Often, the goal of treatment isn't to get rid of the cancer but to help you live longer and feel better even with cancer still in your body. Your doctor may call this approach palliative care. It will make you more comfortable by improving your symptoms such as pain, nausea, and coughing. You can also get palliative care along with other treatments such as chemotherapy.


Question: When should you call a doctor about chlamydia?

Answer: When symptoms are present, common ones include: In men: A clear or whitish yellow discharge from the tip of the penis A frequent urge to urinate or a burning sensation while urinating Redness at the tip of the penis Painful or tender testicles In women: Mild discomfort that you may mistake for menstrual cramps Vaginal discharge that may have a bad smell Bleeding between periods Painful periods Pain when having sex Itching or burning in or around the vagina Pain when urinating You are a woman and you experience high fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as chills, backache, weight loss, and diarrhea, along with severe pelvic pain, bleeding after intercourse, severe nausea, or recurring back pain; you may have developed pelvic inflammatory disease, a serious complication of chlamydia that can result in sterility. You develop any of the symptoms listed above; chlamydia requires urgent medical treatment to avoid serious complications that can lead to sterility, especially in women. Rarely, genital chlamydial infection can cause arthritis accompanied by skin lesions and inflammation of the eye and urethra, a condition known as Reiter's syndrome.


Question: What are symptoms of chlamydia in women?

Answer: Often chlamydia will present no symptoms. When symptoms are present, common ones include: In men: A clear or whitish yellow discharge from the tip of the penis A frequent urge to urinate or a burning sensation while urinating Redness at the tip of the penis Painful or tender testicles In women: Mild discomfort that you may mistake for menstrual cramps Vaginal discharge that may have a bad smell Bleeding between periods Painful periods Pain when having sex Itching or burning in or around the vagina Pain when urinating You are a woman and you experience high fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as chills, backache, weight loss, and diarrhea, along with severe pelvic pain, bleeding after intercourse, severe nausea, or recurring back pain; you may have developed pelvic inflammatory disease, a serious complication of chlamydia that can result in sterility.


Question: When should you see a doctor about a red spot in your eye?

Answer: Get treated if your red spot is caused by an eye injury.


Question: What will the doctor do if the red spot on an eye keeps coming back?

Answer: If a red spot keeps coming back, your doctor may: Ask you questions about your general health and symptoms Do an eye exam Take your blood pressure Do a routine blood test to make sure you don't have a serious bleeding disorder In most cases, there are no complications.


Question: What causes a red spot on an eye?

Answer: Most happen when your blood pressure spikes due to: Strong sneezing Straining Powerful coughing Vomiting Some red spots result from an injury or illness, like: Roughly rubbing your eye Trauma, like a foreign object stuck in your eye Contact lenses Viral infection Surgery Less common causes include: Diabetes High blood pressure Medicines that make you bleed easily (such as aspirin or blood thinners like coumadin) Blood clotting disorders Your doctor can tell you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage just from looking at your eye.


Question: What complications can happen if you have a red spot on your eye?

Answer: If a red spot keeps coming back, your doctor may: Ask you questions about your general health and symptoms Do an eye exam Take your blood pressure Do a routine blood test to make sure you don't have a serious bleeding disorder In most cases, there are no complications. It's rare, but a total subconjunctival hemorrhage may be a sign of a serious vascular disorder in older people.


Question: Does sunlight affect eczema?

Answer: Know how the sun affects you. Sunlight can be a salve for eczema. In fact, people with severe cases can benefit from ultraviolet ray treatments. But others find that sunlight is a trigger. If you're one of them, shield yourself with clothes and a hat.


Question: What tests might a doctor prescribe to diagnose a spinal compression?

Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe tests such as: A spinal X-ray to determine whether a vertebra has collapsed A CT scan to provide detail of the fractured bone and the nerves around it An MRI scan to show greater detail of nerves and nearby discs Also, a bone biopsy may be done because a small percentage of patients have compression fractures caused by cancer.


Question: What are usual treatments for psychotic disorders?

Answer: Partly because shared psychotic disorders are rare, effective treatments are not well-established. Usually, treatment involves separating the person who has the shared psychotic disorder from the person who has the psychotic disorder. Treatments for the person with the shared psychotic disorder might include: Psychotherapy: This type of counseling can help someone recognize the delusions and get back to healthy thinking.


Question: What can happen if shared psychotic disorder is untreated?

Answer: If they're not treated, shared psychotic disorders can become an ongoing problem. People with a delusional disorder often don't realize that they need treatment and may choose not to take prescribed medications. But with treatment, a person with a shared psychotic disorder often may have a good chance for recovery.


Question: How does psychotic disorder affect people?

Answer: People with psychotic disorders have trouble staying in touch with reality and often can't handle daily life. The most obvious symptoms are hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't real) and delusions (believing things that aren't true, even when they get the facts).


Question: How can managing stress help with sun-damaged skin?

Answer: Inner turmoil takes a huge toll on skin. Part of the reason is that stress increases the hormone cortisol. It keeps skin from holding on to water and triggers a spike in blood sugar that damages collagen and elastin. Any type of exercise can tame tension, but yoga seems to be an especially good way to lower cortisol levels.


Question: How can being active help with sun-damaged skin?

Answer: When you boost your heart rate and blood flow, you help your body undo skin aging by delivering more nutrients to cells that repair damage. A sweat session also makes your skin more taut and toned. Want proof? In a recent study, researchers found that people over 40 who were active for at least 3 hours a week had skin that was similar to that of people in their 20s and 30s -- even in someone up to age 65. As a bonus, exercise also helps you keep a healthy weight, which is key since extra pounds weaken your skin's support structure and lead to sagging.


Question: How can reducing stress help sun-damaged skin?

Answer: Inner turmoil takes a huge toll on skin. Part of the reason is that stress increases the hormone cortisol. It keeps skin from holding on to water and triggers a spike in blood sugar that damages collagen and elastin. Any type of exercise can tame tension, but yoga seems to be an especially good way to lower cortisol levels.


Question: How can limiting alcohol help sun-damaged skin?

Answer: When you get too much, it triggers a process called glycation that destroys collagen and elastin. It also saps skin's hydration, which makes wrinkles more noticeable, and causes spidery capillaries to show up on your face.


Question: How can alcohol affect sun-damaged skin?

Answer: Sure, alcohol has antioxidants that help protect skin from damage. But it's high in sugar, too. When you get too much, it triggers a process called glycation that destroys collagen and elastin. It also saps skin's hydration, which makes wrinkles more noticeable, and causes spidery capillaries to show up on your face. For most people, a daily beer or glass of wine won't have a visible effect on skin.


Question: How can sleep help sun-damaged skin?

Answer: Nighttime is when skin does the bulk of its repair work, such as making new cells and mending or shedding old, damaged ones. This is also when it makes the most of any creams and lotions you apply. Skin gets warmer at night, so products seep in better and yield faster results.


Question: How can vitamin A help sun-damaged skin?

Answer: When it comes to reversing sun damage, no skin care ingredient is better than retinoids, a form of vitamin A. They do everything from smoothing fine lines and fading dark spots to making pores look smaller.


Question: How can eating better help with sun-damaged skin?

Answer: Nutrition is just as important for your skin as it is for the rest of your body. In one study, people with sun damage who ate more vegetables, olive oil, fish, and legumes -- and less butter, meat, dairy, and sugar -- had fewer wrinkles. The results were similar for women with diets high in vitamin C, like citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, and leafy greens. Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds have another nutrient, a fatty acid called linoleic acid, which moisturizes skin. And since antioxidants offer UV protection from the inside out, foods high in lycopene (tomatoes), polyphenols (green tea), and flavanols (cocoa) can be part of your skin-saving strategy.


Question: How can vitamin A help with sun-damaged skin?

Answer: When it comes to reversing sun damage, no skin care ingredient is better than retinoids, a form of vitamin A. They do everything from smoothing fine lines and fading dark spots to making pores look smaller. You can start with an over-the-counter form -- look for retinol on the ingredients list. Or ask your doctor for a stronger prescription. Use the product at night since sunlight makes retinoids inactive. They can irritate your skin, so it's best to ease them into your skin care routine. Apply every third night to start, and slowly work up to nightly use. During the day, use a cream with antioxidants like vitamin C, coffeeberry extract, or green tea. They defend against the sun's damage to collagen and elastin, the proteins that keep skin firm and supple, and improve existing signs of aging.


Question: What is your vision like after an epi-on procedure of corneal cross-linking?

Answer: With epi-on, your doctor loosens your epithelium with eyedrops or a sponge before she puts the eyedrops in.


Question: What are side effects epi-on corneal cross-linking?

Answer: There may be fewer side effects, but some experts question whether the epi-on treatment can stop keratoconus.


Question: What is the goal of corneal cross-linking?

Answer: The goal of corneal cross-linking is to slow your disease and prevent future vision problems, but in some cases, your eyesight may get better over time.


Question: What are side effects of epi-off corneal cross-linking?

Answer: Like most surgeries, corneal cross-linking can sometimes cause problems, such as: An eye infection Eye pain or swelling Damage to the cornea or epithelium Blurred vision, hazy vision, or other vision problems Before you have the procedure, ask your doctor about your chances of having these issues.


Question: What are some symptoms of toenail fungus?

Answer: It can make your nails look yellow, thick, and cracked. They might hurt when you try to wear shoes. Toenail fungus can be hard to treat. And if you don't take care of it, there's a chance it can lead to a more serious infection.


Question: Can changing your socks and shoes often help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Put on a clean pair of socks every day. Give your shoes a rest and wear different pairs often, too. If your feet get sweaty when you walk or work out, change your socks and shoes as soon as you get a chance.


Question: Can using foot powder help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Sprinkle some on after you shower and dry your feet. Some people like cornstarch. But medicated powder is a better choice. It will help protect you against fungus, including athlete's foot.


Question: Can choosing a clean nail salon help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Look for a salon that's licensed by your state and looks well-kept. Make sure they sterilize all their tools after each use and before each new customer. Or you can bring your own sterilized tools.


Question: How can wearing shoes in public help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Don't go barefoot in public. Fungus loves to grow in warm, wet places. It also spreads easily from person to person. That's why it's key to wear shower shoes or flip flops around public pools, locker rooms, and showers.


Question: Why do poor habits cause bad breath?

Answer: If you don't brush and floss teeth daily, food particles can remain in your mouth, promoting bacterial growth between teeth, around the gums, and on the tongue. This causes bad breath. Antibacterial mouth rinses also can help reduce bacteria. In addition, odor-causing bacteria and food particles can cause bad breath if dentures are not properly cleaned.


Question: Who treats bad breath?

Answer: If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy and the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family doctor or to a specialist to determine the odor source and treatment plan. If the odor is due to gum disease, for example, your dentist can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a dentist who specializes in treating gum conditions.


Question: How does what you eat affect breath?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Basically, all the food eaten begins to be broken down in your mouth. If you eat foods with strong odors (such as garlic or onions), brushing and flossing -- even mouthwash -- merely covers up the odor temporarily. The odor will not go away completely until the foods have passed through your body.


Question: How can you prevent bad breath by practicing oral hygiene?

Answer: Bad breath can be reduced or prevented if you: Practice good oral hygiene. Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove food debris and plaque. Brush teeth after you eat (keep a toothbrush at work or school to brush after lunch). Don't forget to brush the tongue, too. Replace your toothbrush every 2 to 3 months or after an illness. Use floss or an interdental cleaner to remove food particles and plaque between teeth once a day. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash twice a day. Dentures should be removed at night and cleaned thoroughly before being placed in your mouth the next morning.


Question: What are other dental causes of bad breath?

Answer: Bad breath, medically called halitosis, can result from poor dental health habits and may be a sign of other health problems.


Question: What are some diseases and illnesses that can cause bad breath?

Answer: Many other diseases and illnesses may cause bad breath. Here are some to be aware of: respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis, chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip, diabetes, chronic acid reflux, and liver or kidney problems.


Question: Should I see my dentist about bad breath?

Answer: See your dentist regularly -- at least twice a year. He or she will conduct an oral exam and professional teeth cleaning and will be able to detect and treat periodontal disease, dry mouth, or other problems that may be the cause of bad mouth odor.


Question: What products can I use to eliminate bad breath?

Answer: An antiseptic mouthwash can help eliminate bacteria that cause bad breath. Ask your dentist about which product is best for you.


Question: Does smoking or chewing tobacco cause bad breath?

Answer: Smoking or chewing tobacco-based products also can cause bad breath, stain teeth, reduce your ability to taste foods, and irritate your gums.


Question: Can ADHD be prevented or cured?

Answer: ADHD can't be prevented or cured. But spotting it early, plus having a good treatment and education plan, can help a child or adult with ADHD manage their symptoms.


Question: What supplements can benefit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: These include: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) Dietary supplements with omega 3s have shown some benefit. Vayarin, a non-pharmaceutical supplement that contains omega-3s, is available by prescription only.


Question: What medications are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Medication: Medications called stimulants can help control hyperactive and impulsive behavior and increase attention span. They include: Amphetamine ( Adzenys XR ODT, Dyanavel) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Dexedrine) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Aptensio, Cotempla, Concerta, Daytrana, Jornay, PM, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant, Ritalin) Stimulant medications don't work for everyone with ADHD.


Question: What should you expect if you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Many people with ADHD live successful, happy, full lives. Treatment helps. It's important to pay attention to symptoms and see a doctor regularly. Sometimes, medication and treatments that were once effective stop working. You may need to change the treatment plan. For many people, the symptoms of ADHD get better in early adulthood, and some are able to stop treatment.


Question: What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: ADHD tends to run in families. Chemical imbalance. Brain chemicals in people with ADHD may be out of balance. Brain changes. Areas of the brain that control attention are less active in children with ADHD. Poor nutrition, infections, smoking, drinking, and substance abuse during pregnancy. These things can affect a baby's brain development. Toxins, such as lead. They may affect a child's brain development. A brain injury or a brain disorder. Damage to the front of the brain, called the frontal lobe, can cause problems with controlling impulses and emotions.


Question: What are the symptoms of inattention in a child with ADHD?

Answer: A child with ADHD: Is easily distracted Doesn't follow directions or finish tasks Doesn't appear to be listening Doesn't pay attention and makes careless mistakes Forgets about daily activities Has problems organizing daily tasks Doesn't like to do things that require sitting still Often loses things Tends to daydream Hyperactivity.


Question: What types of therapy treatments help with ADHD?

Answer: Special education helps a child learn at school. Having structure and a routine can help children with ADHD a lot. Behavior modification teaches ways to replace bad behaviors with good ones. Psychotherapy (counseling) can help someone with ADHD learn better ways to handle their emotions and frustration. It can also help improve their self-esteem. Counseling may also help family members better understand the child or adult with ADHD. Social skills training can teach behaviors, such as taking turns and sharing.


Question: How can carbidopa help with treating Parkinson's disease?

Answer: To curb nausea and other possible side effects from levodopa, doctors usually suggest you take a drug called carbidopa along with it. A combination drug with both medicines is called Sinemet. Rarely, some people can't handle carbidopa and need to take levodopa alone. If that's the case for you, it's important not to take it at the same time as food or vitamins that have vitamin B6, which can affect how well your medicine works.


Question: What are side effects of anticholinergic drugs for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: If you take these drugs when you're older, you're more likely to get side effect such as: Dizziness Confusion Dry mouth Blurry vision Nausea Trouble peeing or having bowel movements Some people with Parkinson's have surgery called deep brain stimulation ( DBS).


Question: How can monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors help with treating Parkinson's disease?

Answer: They also block the action of an enzyme that breaks down dopamine. You can take them alone early in Parkinson's disease or with other drugs as your disease moves to a later stage. MAO- B inhibitors include selegiline ( Eldepryl) and rasagaline ( Azilect). You usually take them alone because you can get side effects when you combine them with other drugs.


Question: What is a VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery) lobectomy?

Answer: Your surgeon does this operation through two to four small cuts in the side of your chest, one about 2 ½ inches long, and the others about a half-inch long. He uses a tube with a tiny video camera to see inside and guide his tools. Unlike open surgery, you don't get a big cut in your chest, so you're likely to heal faster with less pain.


Question: What is a robotic surgery lobectomy?

Answer: Your surgeon sits at a console next to you and controls robotic arms that do the operation. The procedure uses three or four half-inch cuts between your ribs, so you may have less bleeding, a lower chance of infection, and a faster recovery.


Question: How do I prepare for a lobectomy?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.


Question: What happens in a lobectomy?

Answer: Doctors can do the surgery in a few different ways. The one that's right for you depends on the type and location of your lung problem as well as your overall health.


Question: What are the risks of lobectomy?

Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things.


Question: What is an open surgery lobectomy?

Answer: The types include: Open surgery, called a thoracotomy. Your surgeon makes a long cut along the side of your chest. He spreads your ribs apart so he can easily see and remove the affected lobe of your lung.


Question: What are the risks of a lobectomy?

Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.


Question: How do you prepare for a lobectomy?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.


Question: What does a lobectomy accomplish?

Answer: The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.


Question: What are the chances of complications after a lobectomy?

Answer: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.


Question: What is the recovery procedure for a lobectomy?

Answer: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . Most people have some discomfort the first few months after surgery. You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. Fatigue. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Constipation. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. Exercise. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.


Question: Why would you need a lobectomy?

Answer: It's usually the main treatment for people with the early stages of lung cancer, when there's a tumor in just one part of the lung. In that case, a lobectomy offers the best chance for a cure and may be the only treatment you need. But it doesn't help when cancer has spread to your whole lung or to other parts of your body. The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.


Question: What are calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Calcium channel blockers are typically used to treat high blood pressure or heart problems. Some have also been studied experimentally to treat mania or depression in bipolar disorder. Thus far, there is still uncertainty about whether or not they are effective for treating bipolar disorder.


Question: Should you see a doctor for a boxer's fracture?

Answer: Any time you have an injury and a fracture is suspected, contact your doctor for instructions.


Question: What causes a boxer's fracture?

Answer: Boxer's fractures received their name from one of their most common causes-punching an object with a closed fist. This occurs commonly during fist fights or from punching a hard object such as a wall or filing cabinet. Although these breaks usually occur when the hand is closed into a fist, they can also occur when the hand is not clenched and strikes a hard object.


Question: What are diet pills and supplements for rapid weight loss?

Answer: Diet Pills and Supplements Dozens of diet supplements promise to speed weight loss. Generally, they claim either to block absorption of nutrients, increase metabolism, or burn fat.


Question: Does rapid weight loss work?

Answer: Aside from the very low-calorie diet and weight loss surgery, no other product, pill, or diet has been proven to work for fast weight loss. There are prescription medications for weight loss, although none is intended for rapid weight loss, and there can be side effects. In any rapid weight loss program, what really burns fat is not a pill or type of food.


Question: When should you call your doctor about irregular periods?

Answer: You get your period more often than every 21 days.


Question: What can cause irregular periods?

Answer: You may have irregular periods if: The time between each period starts to change You lose more or less blood during a period than usual The number of days that your period lasts varies a lot Many things can cause irregular periods. Changes in your body's level of the hormones estrogen and progesterone can disrupt the normal pattern of your period. That's why young girls going through puberty and women approaching menopause commonly have irregular periods. Other common causes of irregular periods include: Having an intrauterine device ( IUD) Changing birth control pills or using certain medications Too much exercise Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) Pregnancy or breastfeeding Stress Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) Thickening of or polyps on the uterine lining Uterine fibroids A less common cause is severe scarring (adhesions) of the lining of the uterus, a condition that doctors call Asherman syndrome.


Question: When might you have irregular periods?

Answer: You may have irregular periods if: The time between each period starts to change You lose more or less blood during a period than usual The number of days that your period lasts varies a lot Many things can cause irregular periods.


Question: How can hormone therapy help with irregular periods?

Answer: An irregular menstrual cycle is often due to a lack of or imbalance in certain hormones in the body. Doctors often prescribe birth control pills (oral contraceptives) containing the hormones estrogen and progesterone to help control irregular periods. A hormone medication called progestin can also help trigger periods in women who don't get them. If you have irregular periods and are trying to get pregnant, your doctor may prescribe other hormone treatments.


Question: What happens to my heart during a premature atrial contraction (PAC)?

Answer: The upper two are the âatria.â If your heart's electrical system triggers the early or extra beat in the atria, the result is a premature atrial contraction. A similar condition -- premature ventricular contraction ( PVC) -- starts in the lower chambers, called âventricles,â of your heart. Any time your heart shifts out of its usual rhythm, doctors call it an âarrhythmia.â There are lots of different kinds, including PACs.


Question: What causes premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have a PAC, you might notice: A flutter in your chest Fatigue after exercise Shortness of breath or chest pain Lightheadedness or dizziness Doctors don't always know the cause. But these things can make PACs more likely: Pregnancy High blood pressure, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism Stress or fatigue Caffeine Alcohol Smoking Cold or hay fever medicine Asthma medicine Dehydration Usually, premature atrial contractions have no clear cause and no health risks. In most cases, premature atrial contractions aren't a sign of heart disease and just happen naturally.


Question: What heart conditions are related to premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: But some people who have PACs turn out to have related heart conditions, such as: Cardiomyopathy (a weakened heart muscle) Coronary heart disease (fatty deposits in your blood vessels) If your doctor finds that you have a condition related to the premature heartbeats, you'll work together to make a treatment plan.


Question: What are premature atrial contractions?

Answer: You might also hear it called atrial ectopic beats or atrial premature beats. They're common, and most of the time, they don't need treatment.


Question: What tests can be used to diagnose premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: Based on your symptoms, your doctor may order one or more of these tests: Electrocardiogram, or EKG . This test will show if you have arrhythmia. Holter monitor. This is a portable version of an EKG that you'll wear for 1 or 2 days. It tracks all the electric activity of your heart for your doctor to study. Exercise stress test . This test has you attached to an EKG while doing physical activity like running or walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike. Echocardiogram. This test uses sound waves to measure how well your heart valves and muscles work.


Question: When should I seek medical treatment for premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have single or occasional PACs, there's usually no need to seek medical treatment. But if you have PACs often or if they really bother you, see a doctor.


Question: What are symptoms of premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have a PAC, you might notice: A flutter in your chest Fatigue after exercise Shortness of breath or chest pain Lightheadedness or dizziness Doctors don't always know the cause.


Question: What are the treatments for premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: If your test results show that you have other heart-related problems, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan for you. Most of the time, though, PACs don't need treatment. If you have severe symptoms or find them bothersome, treatments can include: Lifestyle changes. Lower stress, stop smoking, cut back on caffeine, and treat other health issues like sleep apnea and high blood pressure. Medicines for arrhythmia. Take medications that are used to cut down on or end premature heartbeats.


Question: How much radiation exposure do you get from medical treatments or other man-made sources?

Answer: Man-made sources of radiation from things like X-rays add about another 3 m Sv. A CT (computerized tomography) scan, which involves several X-rays taken from different angles, delivers about 10 m Sv. People who work in the nuclear industry aren't allowed to be exposed to more than 50 m Sv a year.


Question: How much radiation exposure is needed to develop radiation sickness?

Answer: The amount of radiation your body gets is measured in an international unit called a sievert ( Sv). Symptoms of radiation sickness show up when you're exposed to levels of more than 500 millisieverts (m Sv), or half a sievert. More than 4 to 5 Sv is likely to be fatal. The workers who got radiation sickness at Chernobyl received doses that measured 700 m Sv to 13 Sv.


Question: How will my doctor treat me if I have radiation sickness?

Answer: Your doctor will try to help you fight off infections. He might give you blood transfusions to replace lost blood cells. Or he may give you medications to try to help your bone marrow recover. Or he may try a transplant. He also will give you fluids and treat other injuries like burns. Recovery from radiation sickness can take up to 2 years. But you'll still be at risk of other health problems after recovery. For example, your odds of getting cancer are higher.


Question: What is the history of radiation sickness cases?

Answer: It's not clear how many of the 150,000 to 250,000 people killed in those attacks died from radiation sickness. But estimates at the time put the number in the hundreds or thousands. Since then, about 50 people have died from radiation sickness. That includes 28 workers and firefighters who were killed at the 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl in what is now Ukraine. More than 100 others at Chernobyl were diagnosed with acute radiation syndrome but survived. Most of the other people who have died from it were scientists or technicians in U. S. or Soviet nuclear plants during the Cold War. But in 1999, three workers got radiation sickness after an accident involving nuclear fuel in Japan; two of them died. No cases of radiation sickness were reported after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in 2011.


Question: How can I treat dehydration caused by a norovirus infection?

Answer: To prevent dehydration, make sure to drink plenty of liquids, especially water and juices. Give children an oral rehydration solution (such as Pedialyte) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Avoid sugary drinks, which can make diarrhea worse, as well as alcohol and caffeinated beverages, which can dehydrate you further. Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness when standing, dry mouth, and peeing less. Children who are dehydrated may be unusually sleepy or fussy and produce few or no tears when they cry. â Some people get listless, lethargic, not acting like themselves -- that could indicate compromised electrolyte balance from dehydration, and that requires medical attention,â says Gaydos. If severe dehydration develops, contact your doctor. Severe dehydration is sometimes treated with intravenous ( IV) fluids.


Question: Who is most likely to catch norovirus?

Answer: Young children, the elderly, and people who have a weakened immune system are particularly susceptible to catching noroviruses. The spread of the virus can be hard to control because it's contagious before symptoms appear. In other words, you can spread the infection before you know you're sick. â If you get one or two kids in the classroom with it, then it can wipe out the whole class and other classrooms,â says Gaydos. â It's just like at home where if one person gets it, the whole family gets it.â If you come down with a norovirus infection, you'll probably go from feeling completely healthy to absolutely miserable within a day or two after being exposed.


Question: What are some other symptoms of norovirus?

Answer: Other norovirus symptoms include: Low-grade fever Chills Headache Muscle aches Fatigue Most of these symptoms aren't serious, but diarrhea and vomiting can deplete your body of the fluid it needs, and you can become dehydrated. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to dehydration, as well as malnutrition from not getting enough nutrients.


Question: What's the treatment for a norovirus infection?

Answer: No antiviral drug can treat noroviruses, but in healthy people, the illness should go away on its own within a couple of days. Most people don't have any long-term problems from the virus.


Question: What causes infection from norovirus?

Answer: People become infected with noroviruses when they eat or drink contaminated foods and beverages. Raw or undercooked oysters and raw fruits and vegetables have been implicated in some outbreaks. You can also get infected if you touch an object or surface that has been infected with the virus and then touch your nose, mouth, or eyes.


Question: What should I know about norovirus?

Answer: The highly contagious norovirus can tear through cruise ships, classrooms, and other crowded spaces, leaving vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps in its wake. It spreads easily through food and drink and can have a big impact on people's health. The CDC estimates that noroviruses are responsible for more than half of all food-borne disease outbreaks each year.


Question: How is a norovirus infection diagnosed?

Answer: If you have norovirus symptoms, your doctor can give you a stool test to confirm that you have the illness. However, norovirus diagnosis is usually made based only on symptoms.


Question: When should I call or visit the doctor for a norovirus infection?

Answer: â Whenever you're sick, your resistance is down and you have an increased chance that you'll pick up something else.â In most cases, you will get better on your own after 1 to 3 days. Call your doctor's office if you have symptoms after 3 days, Gaydos says. Also, pay attention for symptoms of dehydration, which may also require a doctor's attention. In rare cases, your vomiting could mean something more serious than norovirus. If your vomit is green or yellow, that could be a sign of a bowel obstruction. See a doctor right away.


Question: What are  ticks?

Answer: In fact, they're second only to mosquitoes in spreading disease to humans. Ticks are related to spiders, so they have eight legs. They have flat, oval bodies that swell when they eat. And they feed on the blood of all kinds of animals, from birds to deer to humans. They're also very small. Even adult ticks are only about the size of an apple seed, unless they've just fed. That means they're hard to spot, which is partly why they're so good at passing along illnesses without getting caught.


Question: How can you get Powassan virus from ticks?

Answer: Powassan virus: This isn't common, but you can get it from blacklegged tick and groundhog ticks in the Great Lakes region and the Northeast. It can cause memory loss, confusion, and seizures.


Question: How can you get ehrlichiosis from ticks?

Answer: Ehrlichiosis: The lone star tick in the south-central and eastern United States causes this one. You get the typical symptoms and, sometimes, a rash. It's treated with antibiotics.


Question: How can you get 364D rickettsiosis from ticks?

Answer: 364 D rickettsiosis: This is a newer disease found in California from the Pacific Coast tick. It causes fever and a dark scab where you were bitten.


Question: How can you get babesiosis from ticks?

Answer: Babesiosis: Another disease from the blacklegged tick in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, this time you get parasites in your red blood cells. It can be life-threatening if you are elderly, had your spleen removed, or have a weak immune system.


Question: How can you get Colorado tick fever?

Answer: Colorado Tick Fever: Caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, you can get this in Rocky Mountain states at heights of 4,000 to 10,500 feet. You may get a fever for several days, then feel fine for a while, then have a fever for a few more days. For most, it's a mild illness.


Question: How can you get Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis from ticks?

Answer: Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis: You get this one from the Gulf Coast tick in the South and East, especially along the coast. You get a dark scab where you were bitten, and maybe a rash. It's treated with antibiotics.


Question: How can you get southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) from ticks?

Answer: Southern tick-associated rash illness ( STARI): This comes from the lone star tick. The symptoms are a lot like Lyme disease -- joint pain and a similar rash. But where Lyme disease is caused by bacteria, experts don't know what causes STARI.


Question: What are treatments for Lyme disease from ticks?

Answer: If you don't treat Lyme disease, it can lead to severe problems, such as: Brain and nervous system problems Joint pain that doesn't go away Heart issues Problems with memory and thinking clearly It's usually treated with antibiotics, and the sooner you start, the better.


Question: How can ticks spread disease?

Answer: Ticks spread disease by passing along bacteria, viruses, and parasites (organisms that feed off their hosts). Most of these illnesses give you the typical flulike symptoms, such as chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches.


Question: How can you get Lyme disease from ticks?

Answer: Lyme disease: Probably the most widely known disease from ticks, you get Lyme from blacklegged ticks in the Upper Midwest and Northeast and the western blacklegged tick on the West Coast. In the United States, the tick can give you two different bacteria, each of which causes Lyme disease.


Question: How can you get heartland virus from ticks?

Answer: Heartland virus: This is a newer illness found only in Missouri and Tennessee so far. Experts think you can get it from lone star ticks but aren't totally sure.


Question: Where do ticks live?

Answer: Mostly, it's these ticks that gives illnesses to people: American dog tick, also called a wood tick Blacklegged tick, also called a deer tick Brown dog tick Gulf Coast tick Lone star tick Rocky Mountain wood tick Western blacklegged tick You can find at least one kind of disease-carrying tick just about anywhere in the United States, though some places have more than others. And the various regions of the country have different types, which carry different diseases. For example, Lyme disease is mostly a problem in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Ticks make their homes in wooded areas with lots of shrubs, tall grasses and weeds, and leaf litter -- all good places from which to latch on to animals walking by. They'll settle down in overgrown patches in your yard, woodpiles, and even bird feeders.


Question: How can you get tularemia from ticks?

Answer: Tularemia: You get this from a dog tick, wood tick, or lone star tick pretty much anywhere across the country. The most common symptoms are high fever and an open, painful sore where you were bitten. It can be life-threatening, but it's treatable with antibiotics.


Question: What problems can be caused by Lyme disease from ticks?

Answer: If you don't treat Lyme disease, it can lead to severe problems, such as: Brain and nervous system problems Joint pain that doesn't go away Heart issues Problems with memory and thinking clearly It's usually treated with antibiotics, and the sooner you start, the better.


Question: How can you get red meat allergy from ticks?

Answer: Red meat allergy: For some people, a bite from the lone star tick -- found from Texas to New England -- causes an allergy to red meat. You may get hives, asthma, or even a severe, life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis.


Question: How can you get anaplasmosis from ticks?

Answer: Anaplasmosis: In the Northeast and Upper Midwest, you get this illness from the blacklegged tick. On the West Coast, it's from the western blacklegged tick. It gives you the typical symptoms, and it's treated with antibiotics.


Question: How can you get tick-borne relapsing fever from ticks?

Answer: Tick-borne relapsing fever: While other diseases come from hard-bodied ticks, this one is from a soft-bodied type. People have gotten it from California to Ohio, usually after sleeping in more rustic cabins or homes. Without antibiotics, you'll repeat a cycle of 3 days of fever, then 7 days without.


Question: What kinds ticks can give illnesses to people?

Answer: Mostly, it's these ticks that gives illnesses to people: American dog tick, also called a wood tick Blacklegged tick, also called a deer tick Brown dog tick Gulf Coast tick Lone star tick Rocky Mountain wood tick Western blacklegged tick You can find at least one kind of disease-carrying tick just about anywhere in the United States, though some places have more than others.


Question: Can loud noises trigger migraines?

Answer: A loud or bothersome sound can bring on a migraine. It can often add to your stress level. Certain patterns of noise also can be a trigger. If you know you're going to be where loud sounds are common, wear earplugs. You could also listen to calming music or sounds with earbuds.


Question: Can using a computer trigger a migraine?

Answer: Sitting in front of your laptop or desktop for a long time can trigger migraine and tension-type headaches. This is especially true if you have a low-resolution monitor. They put more strain on your eyes.


Question: Can getting out of your routine trigger a migraine?

Answer: Migraine headaches can sometimes happen when you get out of your normal routine, like if you: Are away from the structure of work and everyday life, even if it's for a vacation Drink more or less coffee or tea than usual Get too much or too little sleep


Question: How can you prevent migraine if you're working on a computer?

Answer: You can: Put a glare screen over your monitor. Make sure no reflection from the sun hits the screen. Use a bigger font size. Good posture is important, too. It'll ease stress on your head, neck, and shoulders. Don't forget to get away from your computer for a few minutes every hour, too.


Question: What foods or drinks can bring a migraine?

Answer: What you eat could cause headaches. Some common culprits liked to migraine headaches include MSG and alcohol, especially: Chinese food Red wine If you think what you eat and drink may be the cause of your headaches, keep a food diary to track what you've eaten before a migraine hits. Then, see if staying away from those foods or drinks helps. It's important to know that migraine headaches can also come if you: Skip meals Eat unhealthy snacks instead of a meal Don't drink enough fluids Stop drinking coffee abruptly (withdrawal) Eat small, healthy snacks, and make sure you get enough water.


Question: How can I avoid the stress that can bring a migraine?

Answer: You can help avoid this if you: Eat healthy Exercise Get enough sleep Practice relaxation exercises, like yoga, or tai chi Staying out of stressful situations also can help. For example, if driving to work puts you under pressure, consider the bus or subway. That'll also let you relax by reading or listening to music.


Question: How can I control the swelling and pain from a toothache?

Answer: Apply a warm, moist compress to outside of mouth or cheek. Give acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain. Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 18. Do not put aspirin against gums near aching tooth. It can burn gum tissue.


Question: When should I see a dentist about my toothache?

Answer: See a dentist if: The person has any pain whether it resolves or not. Even short lived pain can indicate a dental problem that needs attention. The person has jaw pain accompanied by a popping or clicking noise; this could signal temporomandibular joint disorder ( TMJ).


Question: What should I expect if I see a dentist about a toothache?

Answer: If you seek dental care: The dentist will examine the person's teeth and may take an X-ray in order to diagnose the origin of the pain and make treatment recommendations. If there are signs of infection, the dentist may prescribe an antibiotic. Treatment for TMJ may include a mouth guard to prevent tooth grinding, stress reduction techniques, or surgery.


Question: If I have a toothache, how can I clean my mouth?

Answer: Have the person rinse mouth with warm water. The person should gently floss teeth to remove food particles from area.


Question: What are more serious cases of food poisoning?

Answer: Some bacteria cause fewer cases of food poisoning but can make you very sick. They can even cause death. They include: E. coli. This is the name of a type of bacteria found in the intestines of animals. You can get this from undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, sprouts, or any food or liquid that has had contact with animal feces or sewage. Some strains are harmless. Others can make you very sick. Listeria is an unusual bacterium that can grow in cold temperatures such as in the refrigerator. It's found in smoked fish, raw (unpasteurized) cheeses, ice cream, pates, hot dogs, and deli meats. Pregnant women and others with weakened immune systems, can feel sick from milder infections from listeria within a day. Other people with a more serious listeria infection called listeriosis may not show symptoms for a week or even a couple of months. In addition to diarrhea and vomiting, listeria can cause unusual symptoms, including weakness, confusion, and a stiff neck. It can also be deadly. If you have a stiff neck with a fever, you may need antibiotics.


Question: What should you know about food poisoning?

Answer: An estimated 48 million Americans, that's 1 out of every 6, come down with food poisoning every year. Most get better on their own without medical treatment. You may have symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within hours of eating. But sometimes the symptoms can take days or more than a week to show up. That can make it hard to know if it's food poisoning or something else. The delay also makes it tricky to trace the illness back to the specific food or drink. The same food can affect people differently. Some may feel unwell after just a few bites. Others can eat a lot and have no reaction at all. Food poisoning is both more common and riskier for people with weakened immune systems, infants and young children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Food poisoning can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.


Question: How does salmonella cause food poisoning?

Answer: Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. They grow in undercooked eggs and meat. But you can also get salmonella from unpasteurized milk or cheese. Some fruits and vegetables, such as melons or sprouts, can also cause it. Symptoms start within 1-3 days and can last up to a week.


Question: What causes episodic tension headaches?

Answer: Episodic tension headaches are usually triggered by an isolated stressful situation or a build-up of stress. Daily stress can lead to chronic tension headaches.


Question: Who gets tension headaches?

Answer: Tension headaches usually don't keep a person from performing daily tasks. About 30%-80% of the adult U. S. population suffers from occasional tension headaches; approximately 3% suffer from chronic daily tension headaches.


Question: Do tension headaches keep a person from performing daily tasks?

Answer: About 30%-80% of the adult U. S. population suffers from occasional tension headaches; approximately 3% suffer from chronic daily tension headaches.


Question: What increases the severity of a tension headache?

Answer: Chronic tension headaches come and go over a prolonged period of time. The pain is usually throbbing and affects the front, top, or sides of the head. Although the pain may vary in intensity throughout the day, the pain is almost always present. Chronic tension headaches do not affect vision, balance, or strength.


Question: How often do tension headaches appear?

Answer: A tension headache may appear periodically ("episodic," less than 15 days per month) or daily ("chronic," 15 days per month or more). An episodic tension headache may be described as a mild to moderate constant band-like pain, tightness, or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck.


Question: How are tension headaches treated?

Answer: Other features of tension headaches may include: Headache upon awakening General muscle aches Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep Chronic fatigue Irritability Disturbed concentration Mild sensitivity to light or noise Occasional dizziness Treatment for this type of headache usually includes nonprescription pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Prescription medications (antidepressants, for example) may be needed in some cases. Therapies such as stress management or biofeedback may be used in an effort to reduce or prevent tension headaches.


Question: How is azelaic acid used to treat acne?

Answer: Another topical is azelaic acid, which comes in a gel or cream and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is more commonly used for another type of condition called rosacea, but it may help mild acne.


Question: How can antibiotics treat acne?

Answer: Antibiotics work by clearing the skin of acne-causing bacteria and reducing inflammation.


Question: How can sulfur treat acne?

Answer: It's unclear how sulfur works, but it has only a marginal benefit in most cases.


Question: How can topical retinol gel treat acne?

Answer: Retinol works to keep pimples from being able to form. It affects the growth of cells, causing increased cell turnover to unblock pores.. Your acne may appear to get worse before it gets better because it will work on the pimples that have already started forming beneath your skin. It must be used continuously and may take 8-12 weeks to get results.


Question: What are some side effects of acne treatments?

Answer: The topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide can leave skin reddened, dry, and sensitive to sunlight. Oral antibiotics may cause sensitivity of sunlight and stomach upset. Benzoyl peroxide may inhibit the effects of some topical retinoids, so never apply them at the same time of day. Taking oral antibiotics for more than a few weeks may leave women susceptible to yeast infections.


Question: What are acne scar treatments?

Answer: Procedures include dermabrasion, several types of lasers, and chemical peeling. These procedures remove the scarred surface and expose unblemished skin layers. Dermatologists may also use the following: microneedling to stimulate collagen and lessen the appearance of scars subcision where a needle is used under the scars to break them up fillers, which are injections under the scars to lift them up to the surrounding skin surface Dermatologists may use more superficial peels such as glycolic or salicylic acid help to loosen whiteheads and blackheads and decrease pimples.


Question: How are oral contraceptives used to treat acne?

Answer: Birth control pills contain female hormones that work by counteracting the effect of male hormones (such as testosterone) on acne.


Question: How can benzoyl peroxide treat acne?

Answer: It's believed that this compound works by destroying the bacteria associated with acne. It usually takes at least four weeks to work and it must be used continuously to keep acne at bay.


Question: Should I eat carbs to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: Keep some carbs. Be mindful of low-carb diets. A high-protein and low-carb diet can cause constipation. You need protein, but don't cut out the carbs from fruits and vegetables. They'll help keep your digestive track working.


Question: If I have IBS-C, should I have more fiber?

Answer: Fiber makes stool easier to pass. It helps many people with IBS- C symptoms, but not everyone.


Question: Will a symptom journal help me control my irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: An IBS symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out which foods may trigger your symptoms. Make a habit of writing down any symptoms you might have, along with what and how much you ate beforehand. If you see a pattern with certain foods, see if you feel better when you don't eat them, or cut back on how much of them you eat. But cut foods one at a time. If you cut several foods at the same time, you won't know for sure which one may be causing your symptoms.


Question: Should I have prunes and liquids to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: Some fruity foods that are higher in the sugar sorbitol, such as prunes, dried plums (another name for prunes), and prune juice, can loosen bowels. But again, too much can cause gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Some people find ground flaxseed helps ease their IBS- C symptoms. You can sprinkle it on salads, cooked vegetables, and cereals. Keeping yourself well-hydrated can help, too. Drink plenty of liquids like water and juice. But coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol can dehydrate you and make your IBS- C symptoms worse.


Question: How will I know if I should stop taking my epilepsy medicine?

Answer: Because there's no way to know for sure if seizures will return, you must work with your doctor before and after deciding to stop medication. Will you ever get an "all clear" sign? Experts say yes, when you've been seizure-free for 10 years and medication-free for the last 5 of them.


Question: What makes seizures more likely to return?

Answer: Seizures are less likely to return if you have: Been seizure-free on medication for 2-5 years Only one type of seizure A normal neurologic exam and IQ A normal EEG for at least 1 year Seizures are more likely to return if you have: Had epilepsy for a long time Had many or multiple types of seizures Get seizures despite medication Needed more than one medication to be seizure-free, or had to take medication for a long time before it began to work Tried to stop unsuccessfully in the past An abnormal neurologic exam or brain damage An IQ less than 70 An abnormal EEG within the past year Worsening EEG results when you don't take medication Quitting medication suddenly can lead to a withdrawal seizure.