Question: How is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis related to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

Answer: That's when you may begin to feel a shift in your disease. The changes are often not easy to recognize. But you may notice that your relapses may not seem to fully go away. Most people with relapsing-remitting MS -- about 80% -- eventually get secondary progressive MS.


Question: What percentage of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis eventually get secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Most people with relapsing-remitting MS -- about 80% -- eventually get secondary progressive MS. The relapses and remissions that used to come and go change into symptoms that steadily get worse. The shift typically begins 15 to 20 years after you're first diagnosed with MS. Because multiple sclerosis is such a complex disease, it can be hard to spot the changes that signal SPMS, even for health professionals.


Question: How can I treat a bedbug infestation?

Answer: This should include the following: Clean bedding, linens, curtains, and clothing in hot water and dry them on the highest dryer setting. Place stuffed animals, shoes, and other items that can't be washed in the dryer and run on high for 30 minutes. Use a stiff brush to scrub mattress seams to remove bedbugs and their eggs before vacuuming. Vacuum your bed and surrounding area frequently. After vacuuming, immediately place the vacuum cleaner bag in a plastic bag and place in garbage can outdoors. Encase mattress and box springs with a tightly woven, zippered cover to keep bedbugs from entering or escaping. Bedbugs may live up to a year without feeding, so keep the cover on your mattress for at least a year to make sure all bugs in the mattress are dead. Repair cracks in plaster and glue down peeling wallpaper to get rid of places bedbugs can hide. Get rid of clutter around the bed. If your mattress is infested, you may want to get rid of it and get a new one, but take care to rid the rest of your home of bedbugs or they will infest your new mattress. While cleaning up infested areas will be helpful in controlling bedbugs, getting rid of them usually requires chemical treatments.


Question: When should I get a bedbug extermination?

Answer: While cleaning up infested areas will be helpful in controlling bedbugs, getting rid of them usually requires chemical treatments. Because treating your bed and bedroom with insecticides can be harmful, it is important to use products that can be used safely in bedrooms. Do not treat mattresses and bedding unless the label specifically says you can use them on bedding. Generally it is safest and most effective to hire an experienced pest control professional for bedbug extermination.


Question: What are the signs of a bedbug infestation?

Answer: Other signs that you have bedbugs include: Blood stains on your sheets or pillowcases Dark or rusty spots of bedbug excrement on sheets and mattresses, bed clothes, and walls Bedbug fecal spots, egg shells, or shed skins in areas where bedbugs hide An offensive, musty odor from the bugs' scent glands If you suspect an infestation, remove all bedding and check it carefully for signs of the bugs or their excrement.


Question: When do bedbugs bite?

Answer: Bedbugs are active mainly at night and usually bite people while they are sleeping. They feed by piercing the skin and withdrawing blood through an elongated beak. The bugs feed from three to 10 minutes to become engorged and then crawl away unnoticed. Most bedbug bites are painless at first, but later turn into itchy welts. Unlike flea bites that are mainly around the ankles, bedbug bites are on any area of skin exposed while sleeping. Also, the bites do not have a red spot in the center like flea bites do. People who don't realize they have a bedbug infestation may attribute the itching and welts to other causes, such as mosquitoes. To confirm bedbug bites, you must find and identify the bugs themselves.


Question: What should I do if I suspect a bedbug infestation?

Answer: Other signs that you have bedbugs include: Blood stains on your sheets or pillowcases Dark or rusty spots of bedbug excrement on sheets and mattresses, bed clothes, and walls Bedbug fecal spots, egg shells, or shed skins in areas where bedbugs hide An offensive, musty odor from the bugs' scent glands If you suspect an infestation, remove all bedding and check it carefully for signs of the bugs or their excrement. Remove the dust cover over the bottom of the box springs and examine the seams in the wood framing. Peel back the fabric where it is stapled to the wood frame. Also, check the area around the bed, including inside books, telephones or radios, the edge of the carpet, and even in electrical outlets. Check your closet, because bedbugs can attach to clothing. If you are uncertain about signs of bedbugs, call an exterminator, who will know what to look for. If you find signs of infestation, begin steps to get rid of the bugs and prevent their return.


Question: Can hepatitis B or hepatitis C increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, but they've identified some things that may increase your risk for getting it: Hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Hepatocellular cancer can start many years after you've had one of these liver infections. Both are passed through blood, such as when drug users share needles. Blood tests can show whether you have hepatitis B or C. Cirrhosis.


Question: What does chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma consist of?

Answer: To treat cancer, doctors often place chemotherapy drugs directly into your liver. It's a process called "chemoembolization." Your doctor puts a thin, flexible tube into the artery that supplies blood to your liver. The tube delivers a chemo drug combined with another drug that helps to block the artery. The goal is to kill the tumor by starving it of blood. Your liver still gets the blood it needs through another blood vessel. You usually get chemotherapy on an outpatient basis, which means you don't need to stay overnight in a hospital. It can cause side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever and chills, headache, and weakness. You may also be more likely to get infections, bruising, bleeding, and fatigue. Medicine can ease some of these side effects.


Question: How is a blood test used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Your doctor may use tests to help diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma: Blood test. Your doctor takes a sample of your blood and checks to see if it has a protein called AFP. : Unborn babies have high levels of AFP, but it decreases in most people right after birth. If your blood has a high amount of AFP, it could be a sign of liver cancer.


Question: How is alcohol injection used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: This is also called "percutaneous ethanol injection." An ultrasound, which uses sound waves to see structures in your body, helps your doctor guide a thin needle into the tumor. Then he injects ethanol (alcohol) to destroy the cancer. You usually have this procedure under local anesthesia, which means you won't feel pain but you're awake while this is going on.


Question: What causes hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, but they've identified some things that may increase your risk for getting it: Hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Hepatocellular cancer can start many years after you've had one of these liver infections.


Question: How does cirrhosis increase your risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: This serious disease happens when liver cells are damaged and replaced with scar tissue. Many things can cause it: hepatitis B or C infection, alcohol drinking, certain drugs, and too much iron stored in the liver.


Question: What is alcohol injection treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: This is also called "percutaneous ethanol injection." An ultrasound, which uses sound waves to see structures in your body, helps your doctor guide a thin needle into the tumor. Then he injects ethanol (alcohol) to destroy the cancer. You usually have this procedure under local anesthesia, which means you won't feel pain but you're awake while this is going on.


Question: What should you know about the treating hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: It's important to remember that you still have control over the decisions you make about your treatment and your life. Make sure you have people you can talk to about your plans, your fears, and your feelings. Ask your doctor about support groups, where you can meet people who know what you're going through. Your doctor can help you understand your treatment options. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are some of your choices.


Question: What causes cirrhosis?

Answer: This serious disease happens when liver cells are damaged and replaced with scar tissue. Many things can cause it: hepatitis B or C infection, alcohol drinking, certain drugs, and too much iron stored in the liver.


Question: Are there treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: There are many treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. It's a big decision, so work closely with your doctor to make the right plan for you.


Question: How long does the process of a liver transplant take?

Answer: You may need to stay in the hospital for up to 3 weeks after your surgery. It could take you 6 months to a year before you can return to your regular lifestyle. After your transplant, you'll need to take drugs that prevent your body from rejecting the new liver.


Question: What is surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Your surgeon may take out the part of your liver that has the cancer, an operation called "partial hepatectomy." Healing time varies, but you might have pain and discomfort for the first few days. Medicine can help control it. You may also feel weak or tired for a while. Some people also have diarrhea and a sense of fullness in the stomach.


Question: Is there a cure for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: If caught early, it can sometimes be cured with surgery or transplant. In more advanced cases it can't be cured, but treatment and support can help you live longer and better.


Question: How can obesity and diabetes increase your risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Obesity and diabetes. Both conditions raise your risk of liver cancer. Obesity can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The higher risk from diabetes may be due to high insulin levels in people with diabetes or from liver damage caused by the disease.


Question: What will my doctor ask me during an exam for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: As the cancer grows, you may have one or more of these: Pain in the upper right part of your belly A lump or feeling of heaviness in your upper belly Bloating or swelling in your belly Loss of appetite and feelings of fullness Weight loss Weakness or deep fatigue Nausea and vomiting Yellow skin and eyes Pale, chalky bowel movements and dark urine Fever Your doctor will give you a physical exam and may ask you questions like: Have you had any pain in your belly? Are you feeling weak or tired? Is your appetite down? Have you lost weight?


Question: Does hepatitis B or hepatitis C increase your risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, but they've identified some things that may increase your risk for getting it: Hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Hepatocellular cancer can start many years after you've had one of these liver infections. Both are passed through blood, such as when drug users share needles. Blood tests can show whether you have hepatitis B or C. Cirrhosis.


Question: Can obesity and diabetes increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: Both conditions raise your risk of liver cancer. Obesity can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The higher risk from diabetes may be due to high insulin levels in people with diabetes or from liver damage caused by the disease.


Question: How can I manage nausea during chemotherapy?

Answer: Since chemotherapy can sometimes upset your stomach, you can try changing some of your eating habits. For instance, stay away from fried or spicy foods. You can also try eating five or six small meals a day rather than the traditional three meals.


Question: Can iron storage disease increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer: This causes too much iron to be stored in the liver and other organs. People who have it may develop hepatocellular carcinoma.


Question: How can I prevent myself from swine flu daily?

Answer: Use the same steps to prevent all types of flu: Wash your hands often with soap and water. That includes before, during, and after preparing food; before eating; before and after touching someone who's sick; before and after treating a wound; after using the bathroom, changing diapers, or helping a child in the bathroom; and especially after you blow your nose, cough, or sneeze. Use hand sanitizer when you can't wash your hands. Don't touch your face unless you've washed your hands. Touching your mouth, nose, or eyes can spread the virus to your lungs and throat. Avoid crowded places and people who are sneezing or coughing whenever possible. Stay as healthy as you can: Eat healthy foods, drink a lot of liquids, and get plenty of sleep and exercise.


Question: How can the swine flu affect people with chronic conditions?

Answer: Most people call it swine flu. When you have a chronic health condition and get any kind of flu, you'll probably get sicker than someone who doesn't have the problem. You're more likely to get complications from the flu -- like bronchitis or pneumonia -- that can land you in the hospital. Not only that, but having the flu can make other health problems worse. If you have asthma, for instance, your attacks may be more severe when you have the flu. You are at high risk for severe swine flu if you have: Asthma or chronic lung disease A blood disorder A brain or central nervous system condition Diabetes or a kidney disorder Heart disease Liver disease Obesity A weakened immune system If you've had a flu shot this year, you have the best protection from swine flu.


Question: Should I make the people around me get the flu shot if I have a chronic condition?

Answer: Your family and caregivers -- anyone who is around you on most days -- can help prevent you from getting the flu by getting the vaccine themselves.


Question: What flu medications should I take if I have the flu and a chronic medical condition?

Answer: Flu medicines work best if you take them within 48 hours of your first symptoms. Plus, they can help keep you from getting more serious problems, like pneumonia. If you have any type of flu, your doctor may treat it with one of these antiviral medicines: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Peramivir ( Rapivab) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Ask the doctor if it could affect other medications you take.


Question: What is recovery like from breast reduction surgery?

Answer: You will need to take at least one week off from work or school for breast reduction surgery. Some people need two weeks, but each situation varies. Your surgeon will instruct you on follow-up appointments for removing bandages and stitches. While you recover, you'll need to stop physical activity for at least one month after surgery. After breast reduction surgery, you should expect to feel tired and to have breast pain. This is normal. Your surgeon will give you an oral painkiller to ease you through the first few days after surgery. You should also avoid heavy lifting. Some people have an emotional reaction, such as feeling depressed, after the surgery. That can be normal, but make sure you tell your doctor about all your concerns.


Question: What are the two main types of bipolar disorder?

Answer: These periods might last for weeks or months and are usually separated by periods of wellness. Type II causes periods of depression that alternate with a less severe form of mania called hypomania.


Question: What is rapid cycling, and how is it related to bipolar disorder?

Answer: Rapid cycling is not a type of bipolar disorder but a term used to describe the course of illness in people with bipolar I or II disorder. It applies when mood episodes occur four or more times over a 1-year period. Women are more likely to have this type of illness course than men and it can come and go at any time in the course of bipolar disorder. Rapid cycling is driven largely by depression and carries an increased risk for suicidal thoughts or behaviors.


Question: How is a sentinel node biopsy done to remove and test lymph nodes?

Answer: The surgeon injects a special blue dye, a radioactive substance, or both into your breast in the area of the tumor. That helps him determine which lymph nodes are the first to receive drainage from the breast -- these nodes would potentially be the first to be invaded by cancer cells. One to three sentinel nodes are usually removed and tested for cancer. If the results are negative, the cancer hasn't spread to the lymph nodes.


Question: What should you watch for after a lymph node biopsy?

Answer: Make sure your doctor gives you: Specific instructions to follow in the days before surgery An overview of the surgical procedure Information about recovery and follow-up care After surgery, watch for warning signs of an infection or swelling in your arm or hand. Call your doctor immediately if you see a buildup of fluid, redness, or other symptoms of infection.


Question: What should you do before a lymph node biopsy?

Answer: Before you have surgery, get a good understanding of what's going to happen and what you might expect. Print out these Questions to Ask. Make sure your doctor gives you: Specific instructions to follow in the days before surgery An overview of the surgical procedure Information about recovery and follow-up care After surgery, watch for warning signs of an infection or swelling in your arm or hand.


Question: How long does it take to get the results of a lung biopsy?

Answer: Your lung biopsy sample will be sent to a lab, and you'll get results within a week. You may get a chest X-ray to make sure your lungs are working OK. If you weren't asleep, you should be able to go home after a few hours. Have someone pick you up, because it's not safe to drive. Otherwise, you may need to stay in the hospital for one or more nights.


Question: What can you expect after getting a thoracoscopy or open lung biopsy?

Answer: However, doctors remove fewer cells than with other procedures, which sometimes makes it more difficult to make a diagnosis If you're getting a thoracoscopy or open biopsy, you can get the sample of cells tested right away. Depending on the results, your doctor can remove more samples, or even an entire lung, during the same surgery.


Question: How can a lung biopsy cause pneumonia?

Answer: Pneumonia is a risk for all types of lung biopsies. Pneumothorax, where air leaks out between the lung and chest cavity, can make it hard to breathe or cause your lung to collapse with these procedures, but your doctor will watch for this and suck out air as needed. Other rare but serious complications of surgical lung biopsies may include severe bleeding, wound infection, and blood clots.


Question: When might someone get a lung needle biopsy (transthoracic biopsy)?

Answer: You usually get this type of lung biopsy when cells can't be reached with a bronchoscopy. Your doctor places a needle through your chest between two ribs to take a sample from the outer area of your lungs. You'll be awake and your skin will be numbed, and you may get a sedative to relax. To find the best place to do the procedure, you'll get an ultrasound, CT scan, or a special type of X-ray known as fluoroscopy. When the needle enters your lung, you may feel discomfort or pressure. You'll need to avoid coughing, and you may have to hold your breath.


Question: When should you call a doctor about lung biopsy complications?

Answer: Call your doctor if you have any signs of infection or complications, which include: Fever over 100.4 F Redness, swelling, or blood or fluid leaking from the wound Severe chest pain Shortness of breath Coughing up blood or blood-tinged mucus


Question: What tests are done to help make sure a lung biopsy is safe for you?

Answer: To make sure a lung biopsy is safe, your doctor may suggest you get a full physical exam and blood tests. Let him know if you're pregnant or have any allergies, including to latex or drugs.


Question: What is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery?

Answer: It checks for problems on the outside of your lungs. You'll get general anesthesia for this procedure, which means you won't be awake for it. Your doctor puts a breathing tube down your throat and into your lungs and keeps tabs on your breathing, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and heart rate. The doctor makes up to three small cuts on your chest between your ribs, then puts a thin, lighted tube with a camera on the end and uses tiny tools to pull out some cells.


Question: How does high cholesterol cause heart disease?

Answer: Follow These Simple Tips to Lower Your Cholesterol When you have too much cholesterol, it builds up in the walls of your arteries, This buildup causes the arteries to harden -- a process called atherosclerosis. It also narrows the arteries, which slows and even blocks the flow of blood. That's where the problem starts. Your blood is supposed to carry oxygen to all parts of your body, including your heart muscle. Without enough oxygen, your body's parts won't function the way they're supposed to. For instance, if your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood and oxygen you'll have chest pain. And if the blood supply to a portion of your heart is completely cut off, you'll have a heart attack.


Question: Are there foods or other drugs I should avoid while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs?

Answer: Other side effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs include: Abnormal liver function Allergic reaction (skin rashes) Heartburn Dizziness Abdominal pain Constipation Decreased sexual desire Memory loss Ask your doctor about the other drugs you are taking, including herbals and vitamins, and their impact on cholesterol-lowering medications. You should not drink grapefruit juice while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. It can interfere with the liver's ability to metabolize these medications.


Question: Is cholesterol hereditary?

Answer: Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High blood cholesterol can run in families.


Question: What is niacin for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Examples of statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol, Lescol XL) Lovastatin ( Altocor, Altoprev, Mevacor) Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Niacin Niacin is a B-complex vitamin. It's found in food, but it is also available at high doses by prescription. It lowers LDL cholesterol and raises HDL cholesterol. The main side effects are flushing, itching, tingling, and headache. Aspirin can reduce many of these symptoms. Speak with your doctor first, though, before taking aspirin. Research studies suggest that even though niacin may improve your cholesterol numbers, it does not appear to lower your risk of heart disease, especially if you are already taking a statin.


Question: Does weight affect your cholesterol levels?

Answer: Being overweight is in itself a risk factor for heart disease. It also can increase your cholesterol. Losing weight will help lower your LDL, total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels. At the same time it can help you raise your HDL.


Question: What are statins for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Statins Statins block the production of cholesterol in the liver. They lower LDL and triglycerides and can slightly raise HDL. These drugs are the first line of treatment for most people with high cholesterol. They are associated with a lower risk of heart disease, and for people with heart disease, statins reduce the risk of future heart attacks. Side effects can include intestinal problems, liver damage, and, in a few people, muscle tenderness or weakness. If your doctor prescribes statins, you should discuss the percentage by which you should lower your cholesterol. Generally, it will be between 30% and 50%.


Question: What are fibrates for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Examples of bile acid resins include: Cholestyramine resin ( Prevalite, Questran and Questran Light) Colesevelam ( Wel Chol) Colestipol ( Colestid) Fibrates Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and can increase HDL and lower LDL. It's thought that fibrates enhance the breakdown of triglyceride-rich particles and decrease the secretion of certain blood fats.


Question: What are examples of bile acid sequestrants for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Examples of bile acid resins include: Cholestyramine resin ( Prevalite, Questran and Questran Light) Colesevelam ( Wel Chol) Colestipol ( Colestid) Fibrates Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and can increase HDL and lower LDL.


Question: Does diet affect your cholesterol levels?

Answer: Reducing the amount of saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol in your diet can help lower your blood cholesterol. Eating too much sugar and too many simple carbohydrates will also increase your cholesterol levels.


Question: What are combination drugs for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Combination drugs Some people with high cholesterol achieve the best results with combination drugs. These are pills that contain more than one medication to treat cholesterol problems, trigylceride abnormalities, or even high blood pressure.


Question: What drugs are used to treat high cholesterol?

Answer: Cholesterol-lowering drugs include: Statins Niacin Bile-acid resins Fibrates Cholesterol-lowering drugs are most effective when combined with a low-cholesterol diet and exercise program.


Question: What are examples of combination drugs for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Some examples include: Advicor: Lovastatin and niacin ( nicotinic acid ) Caduet: Atorvastatin and amlodipine , a calcium channel blocker Liptruzet: Atorvastatin and ezetimibe Simcor: Simvastatin and niacin (nicotinic acid) Vytorin: Simvastatin and ezetimibe , a cholesterol absorption inhibitor The side effect you need to be most concerned about is muscle aches.


Question: Do medications affect cholesterol levels?

Answer: Some drugs, such as steroids and progestins, can increase the "bad" cholesterol and decrease the "good" cholesterol.


Question: What are examples of statins for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Examples of statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol, Lescol XL) Lovastatin ( Altocor, Altoprev, Mevacor) Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Niacin Niacin is a B-complex vitamin.


Question: What are bile acid sequestrants for lowering high cholesterol?

Answer: Bile Acid Sequestrants These drugs work inside the intestine, where they bind to bile and prevent it from being reabsorbed into the circulatory system. Bile is made largely from cholesterol, so these drugs work by reducing the body's supply of cholesterol. That then lowers both total and LDL cholesterol. The most common side effects are constipation, gas, and upset stomach.


Question: What are symptoms of high cholesterol?

Answer: High cholesterol does not have any symptoms. So you can be completely unaware that your cholesterol levels are getting too high. That's why it's important to find out what your cholesterol numbers are. If the level is too high, lowering it will lessen your risk for developing heart disease. And if you already have heart disease, lowering cholesterol can reduce your chance of a heart attack or of dying from heart disease.


Question: Do age and gender affect your cholesterol levels?

Answer: As you get older, your cholesterol rises. Before menopause, women tend to have lower total cholesterol than men. After menopause, though, women's LDL levels tend to rise.


Question: What assistive devices can be used in the bathroom to help treat arthritis?

Answer: Try these options: A tub bench or shower seat lets you sit down while you get clean. Non-skid shower mats make the tub safer. Grab bars make it easier to get in and out of the bath. A raised toilet seat with side rails makes it easier to get on and off. Long-handled sponges help you wash your legs and feet without bending. Also, large sponges are easier to grip than washcloths. Easy-to-pull shower curtains are better than heavy shower doors. An electric toothbrush with a fat handle is easier than a regular toothbrush. Put a seat in front of your sink so you can avoid leaning forward. Do the same with using a freestanding mirror for grooming.


Question: What are some assistive devices for the bedroom if you have RA?

Answer: Most people with rheumatoid arthritis have joint stiffness in the morning. A few simple changes will make it easier to get going. Switch to big buttons, button hooks, or Velcro closures. Buttons the size of a nickel or larger are easier to use. Closures in the front are better, especially for bras and dresses. Use lamps that turn on and off by touch or by your voice. And replace small, hard-to-turn switches on lamps with larger grip-and-turn knobs. Find sock aids and zipper pulls. A sock aid can help you pull up your socks without bending your legs. A zipper pull, which has a large rung that attaches to a zipper tag, makes zippers easier to grab and zip.


Question: Where can you get assistive devices for RA?

Answer: These items and many more are available at full-service pharmacies and surgical supply stores. The Arthritis Foundation is also a great source. If you can't install something yourself, the store can often arrange it. Or check with your local hardware store to see if they can recommend someone to do it for you. Also get a referral to an occupational therapist from your rheumatologist or your regular doctor if you haven't already. Occupational therapists specialize in helping people keep their independence. They may have other ideas for assistive devices or changes to your home that could make a huge difference.


Question: Where can I buy items to help me with my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These items and many more are available at full-service pharmacies and surgical supply stores. The Arthritis Foundation is also a great source. If you can't install something yourself, the store can often arrange it. Or check with your local hardware store to see if they can recommend someone to do it for you.


Question: What assistive devices can be used in the kitchen to help treat arthritis?

Answer: Arthritis-friendly utensils with fat foam handles are widely available and can make a world of difference. Consider these other simple ideas around the kitchen, too: Buy pots and pans with handles on both sides. They're easier to carry. Give your fingers and hands a break and use an electric jar opener and electric can opener when you prepare foods. Rearrange your kitchen so that the things you use most often are the easiest to reach. Replace small switches and doorknobs with large, easy-to-grip knobs, or levers that you don't need to turn.


Question: Should I get a referral to an occupational therapist to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Also get a referral to an occupational therapist from your rheumatologist or your regular doctor if you haven't already. Occupational therapists specialize in helping people keep their independence. They may have other ideas for assistive devices or changes to your home that could make a huge difference.


Question: What are some aids to help you get around for RA?

Answer: A cane or crutch used on the opposite side of a painful knee or hip makes walking easier. Orthotics help ease painful feet. They are inserts (either ready-made, or custom-fit by a podiatrist) worn in the shoe. Other options include padded insoles or a pair of comfortable orthopedic shoes. Braces and splints support joints and lower strain. Reachers are long rods with a grip handle on one end and pincers (like a claw, used to grab) on the other. They let you pick up small objects without having to bend over or reach uncomfortably. Taller chair legs make it easier to get in and out of your seat. The chairs you have can usually be fitted with extenders.


Question: How can you get started using assistive devices for RA?

Answer: The first step is to recognize when and where you could use some more help. Sometimes people adapt to changes in their ability level, giving up things they like to do without even realizing it. Next, take action to stay as independent as possible.


Question: What are assistive devices for the bathroom if you have RA?

Answer: Try these options: A tub bench or shower seat lets you sit down while you get clean. Non-skid shower mats make the tub safer. Grab bars make it easier to get in and out of the bath. A raised toilet seat with side rails makes it easier to get on and off. Long-handled sponges help you wash your legs and feet without bending. Also, large sponges are easier to grip than washcloths. Easy-to-pull shower curtains are better than heavy shower doors. An electric toothbrush with a fat handle is easier than a regular toothbrush. Put a seat in front of your sink so you can avoid leaning forward. Do the same with using a freestanding mirror for grooming.


Question: What should I look for when buying eye protection?

Answer: And try these tips: Buy eye guards at a sports store or optical store, and have someone familiar with your eyesight and the sport fit them for you. Make sure lenses are secure. If one pops inward, it could damage your eye. Look for cushioning along your eyebrows and the edge of your nose so they don't cut or scratch your face. Get a product with UV protection to shield your eyes from the sun's harmful rays.


Question: Do I need eye protection when I play sports?

Answer: You take extra steps to prevent concussions, broken bones, bruises, and chipped teeth, so why not do the same to guard against vision loss, a scratched cornea, or a fractured eye socket? Broken bones and bruises will heal, but a serious eye injury can put you on the disabled list for the rest of your life.


Question: Are there side effects of the nasal spray flu vaccine?

Answer: Adults could have a runny nose, headache, sore throat, and cough. But grownups don't usually have a fever. Just like the shot, the spray will not cause the flu.


Question: How does the nasal spray flu vaccine work?

Answer: The spray causes your immune system to make proteins in your blood and in your nose that help you fight the virus. Your nose is where the flu virus normally enters your body.


Question: Which people should not get the nasal spray flu vaccine?

Answer: These people should not get nasal spray vaccine: Pregnant women Children under 2 years old Adults 50 or older Children under 5 who wheeze or have asthma Children or teens who take aspirin Anyone with allergies to the flu vaccine of any of its ingredients People with chronic heart or lung disease, like asthma or restrictive airways disease Those who have diabetes or kidney failure Anyone with a weakened immune system People who've had Guillain- Barre syndrome, a rare nervous system problem, within 6 weeks of getting a flu vaccine Yes.


Question: Is the nasal spray flu vaccine safe for everyone?

Answer: The CDC says it's OK to get it if you're healthy, between the ages 2 to 49, and not pregnant. Adults should get one dose of the vaccine per year. Kids 2 to 9 who are getting their first flu vaccine will need a second dose 4 weeks later. The first isn't enough to prevent the flu -- two doses will. Every year after that, your child will need only one dose.


Question: How do you take the nasal spray flu vaccine?

Answer: No. The CDC says it's OK to get it if you're healthy, between the ages 2 to 49, and not pregnant.


Question: What is Celiac disease and how is it related to IBS?

Answer: Research suggests that as many as 1 in 5 people with this condition, in which the body can't digest a protein in wheat called gluten, also have IBS. The intestinal inflammation they get when they eat foods like pasta, bread, and beer may make them more likely to get IBS. Symptoms typically go away once you stop eating foods that have gluten.


Question: Do people with IBS also have lactose intolerance?

Answer: One in three people with IBS don't feel good after they eat dairy products, a condition called lactose intolerance. They may have diarrhea, bloating, and gas. It could be that those foods irritate the already sensitive intestines of people with IBS. If you don't feel good 30 minutes to 2 hours after you eat milk, cheese, or yogurt, talk to your doctor. She might order tests to see how your body handles lactose, the sugar in dairy foods. You might need to cut back on the milk products you eat, but you can also try taking lactase tablets or drops to help you digest them.


Question: Do people with IBS have too much gut bacteria?

Answer: But people with IBS are more likely to have too many of these germs, a condition called small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ( SIBO). It can cause diarrhea that doesn't get better, weight loss, and a lack of vitamins in the body. Your doctor can do some tests to see if SIBO is the cause of your symptoms. If it is, antibiotics can kill the extra bacteria in your gut.


Question: How should I talk to people at my child's school about asthma?

Answer: It's important that your child's teachers, coaches, and school nurses know about his or her asthma. Talk to your doctor about the best way to handle these discussions. Make sure that your child has an âasthma action planâ and the proper medication at school with detailed instructions that include the location of the medicine or permission for your child to carry it. Ask your child's doctor to help you personalize this plan based on your child's asthma and treatment.


Question: What should I know about asthma in children?

Answer: When your child is diagnosed with asthma, don't make assumptions. Whatever you know about asthma may not apply to your child. Many experts say that asthma is a spectrum, not a single disease, and asthma in children is often quite different from asthma in adults. So don't settle for a general diagnosis. Get the specifics about your child's condition.


Question: How are oral health and general health related?

Answer: A healthy mouth and healthy body go hand in hand. Good oral hygiene and oral health can improve your overall health, reducing the risk of serious disease and perhaps even preserving your memory in your golden years. The phrase "healthy mouth, healthy you" really is true -- and backed by growing scientific evidence.


Question: What are some tests and diagnoses for impaired thinking in people with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you think you have cognitive problems, talk with your neurologist or family doctor. Fuzzy thinking can have many causes. Your doctor can make sure your problems don't come from normal aging or drugs that may cause confusion, depression, anxiety, or fatigue. Once you have any health problems fully treated, the next step is usually testing. Your doctor may refer you to a neuropsychologist, speech pathologist, or occupational therapist.


Question: What are some signs of impaired thinking in people with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: The clues that you have fuzzy thinking are often subtle. You might not notice them until a friend, co-worker, or family member points them out. You may: Struggle to find the right words to say Forget things you need to do or tasks already done Find it hard to plan ahead or set priorities Have trouble concentrating, especially when two things are happening at once. MS usually does not hurt your intelligence or long-term memory. It won't change your ability to read and carry on a conversation.


Question: What are some exercises for the brain with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: If test results show that MS is to blame for spotty memory or poor mental focus, you may want to try rehab to sharpen your thinking. This can include: Memory exercises on a computer Home or work strategies with notebooks, organizers, or filing systems to help you remember things It's possible, but rare, that thinking problems become so severe that someone with MS needs constant care or can't live on their own. If this becomes an issue, discuss your options with your doctor and family. A social worker or psychologist can also help explore options for care.


Question: How do medications affect multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Scientists are doing studies to see whether the drugs that slow the nerve damage in MS -- called disease-modifying medicines -- can help with thinking problems, too. Others are looking at treatments, such as Alzheimer's medications, that may temporarily improve your memory and focus. Ask your doctor to give you updates on any promising results.


Question: What are some cognitive problems in people with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: When you've got multiple sclerosis, losing your keys or forgetting a name can be scary. You wonder whether the illness is clouding your thinking. It's true that over time, about half of people with MS can have some cognitive problems. That means poor focus, slowed thinking, or a fuzzy memory. Often these problems are mild and don't really interrupt your daily life. It's pretty rare to have severe thinking problems. They affect about 5% to 10% of people with MS.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis hurt intelligence or long-term memory?

Answer: It won't change your ability to read and carry on a conversation.


Question: Can people with cognitive difficulties from multiple sclerosis live alone?

Answer: This can include: Memory exercises on a computer Home or work strategies with notebooks, organizers, or filing systems to help you remember things It's possible, but rare, that thinking problems become so severe that someone with MS needs constant care or can't live on their own. If this becomes an issue, discuss your options with your doctor and family. A social worker or psychologist can also help explore options for care.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause cognitive problems?

Answer: You wonder whether the illness is clouding your thinking. It's true that over time, about half of people with MS can have some cognitive problems. That means poor focus, slowed thinking, or a fuzzy memory.


Question: Are cognitive difficulties related to any other conditions different than multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you think you have cognitive problems, talk with your neurologist or family doctor. Fuzzy thinking can have many causes. Your doctor can make sure your problems don't come from normal aging or drugs that may cause confusion, depression, anxiety, or fatigue.


Question: What are clues of cognitive problems caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The clues that you have fuzzy thinking are often subtle. You might not notice them until a friend, co-worker, or family member points them out. You may: Struggle to find the right words to say Forget things you need to do or tasks already done Find it hard to plan ahead or set priorities Have trouble concentrating, especially when two things are happening at once.


Question: Can medicine help treat cognitive difficulties from multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Scientists are doing studies to see whether the drugs that slow the nerve damage in MS -- called disease-modifying medicines -- can help with thinking problems, too. Others are looking at treatments, such as Alzheimer's medications, that may temporarily improve your memory and focus. Ask your doctor to give you updates on any promising results.


Question: Are cognitive problems caused by multiple sclerosis serious?

Answer: Often these problems are mild and don't really interrupt your daily life. It's pretty rare to have severe thinking problems.


Question: What are the main symptoms of dermatitis?

Answer: Nummular dermatitis, common in people who have dry skin or live in dry environments, shows up as red, itchy, circular patches of weeping, scaly, or crusted skin.


Question: When should you call your doctor about dermatitis?

Answer: Your skin has oozing sores; honey-yellow crusting; red, swollen, tender areas; or other signs of infection. You may need treatment with antibiotics or other drugs. The affected skin does not respond to treatment with over-the-counter creams or medicated shampoos. You should have a medical diagnosis and treatment. You are exposed to anyone with herpes simplex virus infection while you are having a flare-up of atopic dermatitis (eczema). You are at increased risk of contracting the viral disorder.


Question: How does someone take care of themselves during treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: Most people have reactions like: Redness Bruising Breast pain Less likely, but still possible, problems include: Infection Damage to fatty tissue in the breast Weakness and fracture of the ribs in rare cases Fluid collecting in the breast (seroma) Radiation affects each person differently. To help keep your energy up during radiation treatments: Get enough rest. Eat a well-balanced, nutritious diet. Pace yourself, and plan frequent rest periods.


Question: What will help someone recover from the side effects of radiation therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Good nutrition will also help you recover from side effects, heal, and fight off infection. It may give you a sense of well-being, too. If you have a hard time eating, work with a dietitian to find ways to get the nutrients you need.


Question: What is brachytherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Brachytherapy delivers radiation to the cancer through something implanted in your body.


Question: What causes skier's thumb?

Answer: A fall on an outstretched hand with a ski pole in the palm of your hand creates the force necessary to stress the thumb and stretch or tear the ligament. A simple fall on an outstretched hand with an empty palm usually does not create this same force. However, your thumb can also be injured if it jams into packed snow at high velocity. Another less common cause of this injury is an automobile crash when the driver has the thumb alone draped over the steering wheel.


Question: What is the surgery for skier's thumb?

Answer: If you elect to have surgery, then operative exploration and ligament repair using something called a "suture anchor" will most likely be performed. After the operation, your hand may be placed in a lightweight cast to hold your thumb still while your ligament heals. You will have to remain in this cast for some time based on your orthopedic surgeon's preferences, although some surgeons now advocate early gentle motion. If you have an associated fracture with your skier's thumb, then it may be treated with a modified cast. Surgical stabilization of the fracture might be needed if a piece of bone has broken off.


Question: What are symptoms of skier's thumb?

Answer: These symptoms may occur minutes to hours after the fall that created the injury: Pain at the base of the thumb in the web space between thumb and index finger Swelling of your thumb Inability to grasp or weakness of grasp between your thumb and index finger Tenderness to the touch along the index finger side of your thumb Blue or black discoloration of the skin over the thumb Thumb pain that worsens with movement in any or all directions Pain in the wrist (which may be referred pain from your thumb) If you experience any of the symptoms of skier's thumb following an injury, call your doctor as soon as possible.


Question: How are urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kids diagnosed?

Answer: Other symptoms of a UTI include: Burning or pain when your child pees Foul-smelling or cloudy pee An urgent need to go, and then only peeing a few drops Fever Nausea or vomiting Diarrhea If your child has symptoms of a UTI, see your pediatrician. The doctor will take a urine sample and test it for bacteria. He can collect urine in a number of ways: Older children can pee into a cup (doctors call this a âclean catchâ). Younger children who aren't toilet trained will have a plastic bag placed over their genitals to collect the urine. Children who wear diapers can have a tube (catheter) inserted into their urethra and bladder to collect the sample. In infants, the doctor can place a needle straight into the bladder through the stomach to get the sample.


Question: How are urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kids treated?

Answer: These medications kill bacteria. Kids usually take them for anywhere from 3 to 10 days (most commonly 7-10 days). Your doctor might do another urine test after your child finishes the medicine to see if the infection has cleared up. Make sure your child finishes all of her meds, even if she starts to feel better. Stopping too soon can make germs resistant to antibiotics and cause another infection. Most UTIs clear up in about a week. Some kids will have symptoms for a few weeks. Call your doctor if your child's symptoms don't start to improve after 3 days from when she started on antibiotics, or if they get worse.


Question: Why are girls more likely to get urinary tract infections (UTIs) than boys?

Answer: Bacteria from the anus can more easily get into the vagina and urethra. Some kids have a problem with their bladder or kidneys that makes them more likely to get UTIs. Narrowing in the urinary tract can block urine flow and allow germs to multiply. A condition called vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR) can cause urine to back up from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys.


Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kids?

Answer: If your child has had a few UTIs, your doctor might refer you to a nephrologist (kidney specialist) and do one or more of these imaging tests to look for problems in the urinary tract: Ultrasound uses sound waves to show any blockages or other problems in the kidneys Voiding cystourethrogram ( VCUG) places fluid into the bladder through a tube to show any problems in the urethra or bladder when your child pees Nuclear scan uses liquids that contain a small amount of radioactive material to see how well the kidneys work CT, or computed tomography, is a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the bladder and kidneys MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of the bladder and kidneys Antibiotics, mainly.


Question: How can you prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in your kids?

Answer: Instruct girls to wipe from front to back. This helps to prevent bacteria in poop from getting into the vagina and urinary tract. Encourage your kids to go to the bathroom as soon as they feel the urge -- not to hold it in. Girls should avoid bubble baths and should not use perfumed soaps. And, they should wear cotton underwear -- not nylon -- to improve airflow and prevent bacteria from growing. Have your kids drink lots of water, which helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract. Extra water also prevents constipation, which can create blockages in the urinary tract that allow bacteria to grow.


Question: What foods tend to increase inflammation in the body?

Answer: Foods with natural anti-inflammatory properties include: Healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil, flaxseed oil, and canola oil Avocados Walnuts Most fruits and vegetables, like oranges, tomatoes, and leafy greens Foods that tend to increase inflammation in the body include unhealthy fats, such as: Trans-fatty acids Vegetable shortening Margarine Red meat (beef and pork) Cheese, cream and other full-fat dairy


Question: How did researchers try to find the link between thimerosal and autism?

Answer: To see if thimerosal was linked to autism, researchers studied children who received vaccines that contained it. They compared them to kids who received vaccines that didn't. The CDC conducted or paid for nine different studies looking at thimerosal and autism. It found no link.


Question: What is the controversy behind thimerosal and autism?

Answer: It was called thimerosal, and it contained mercury. That's a metal that's harmful to the brain and kidneys at high levels. Doctors used thimerosal to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in vaccines. There was no evidence that the small amount used in the medicines caused harm. Still, it was taken out of most children's vaccines by 2001 at the urging of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U. S. Public Health Service.


Question: How is the hepatitis C virus (HCV) linked to hemodialysis?

Answer: As in the general population, co-infection with both hepatitis C and hepatitis B appears to hasten disease progression in kidney transplant patients, increasing their risk of liver failure and death. Hemodialysis patients have become infected with hepatitis C through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and, possibly, though hemodialysis equipment. About 8% of hemodialysis patients in the U. S. have HCV.


Question: When should you call 911 about a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Answer: Numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or legs -- especially on just one side of the body Slurred or unusual speech Trouble seeing in one or both eyes Trouble walking, dizziness, or balance problems Sudden confusion Severe headache Tell emergency personnel the exact time when you first noticed symptoms.


Question: How can I treat insect stings or bites?

Answer: To treat insect stings or bites: For a severe allergic reaction, use an epinephrine shot if you have it, and call 911 immediately. Always carry two doses with you if you're at risk for a severe allergic reaction. For mild reactions, apply ice to the bite area to ease the swelling. If you got stung, remove the stinger. Try a pain reliever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Use a topical cream like hydrocortisone to ease pain and itching. Calamine creams also help. Use oral antihistamines for itching.


Question: How are summer allergies diagnosed?

Answer: They're pretty much the same as those that troubled you in the spring: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under your eyes Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and allergy history. He may suggest treatments. Or he might refer you to doctor who specializes in treating allergies for a skin test. This allergist will expose a small spot on your arm or back to a tiny sample of allergen. If you react, a small red bump will form. A blood test can also diagnose allergies.


Question: How can I avoid my summer allergy triggers?

Answer: Stay inside when the pollen count and smog levels are high. Keep your doors and windows closed. Run your air conditioner to keep allergens out. Use an air purifier. Clean air filters in your home often. Also clean bookshelves, vents, and other places where pollen collects. Wash bedding and rugs in hot water to get rid of dust mites and other allergens. Wash your hair, shower, and change your clothes after you go outside. Vacuum often and wear a mask. The process can kick up pollen, mold, and dust trapped in your carpet. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. Wear a mask when you mow your lawn to avoid grass pollen.


Question: What type of grass can trigger summer allergies?

Answer: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers. It can travel for hundreds of miles on the wind. So even if it doesn't grow where you live, it can make you feel bad if you're allergic to it.


Question: What type of weeds can trigger summer allergies?

Answer: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers.


Question: What can happen if I get a UTI while pregnant?

Answer: If they're not treated, they could lead to problems for both mom and baby. This could include a greater risk of delivering a low birthweight or premature baby. Your risk for high blood pressure and anemia also go up.


Question: How can a urinary tract infection (UTI) lead to permanent kidney damage?

Answer: It can affect the way your kidneys function and lead to kidney scars, high blood pressure, and other issues. Sometimes it can even be life-threatening. You'll take antibiotics to treat a kidney infection. If your symptoms include a high fever and severe pain or you can't keep down fluids, you might also be put in the hospital until your infection has cleared up.


Question: What if regular treatment doesn't cure my UTI?

Answer: Usually there's some other factor -- maybe an underlying health condition -- that has caused it to get worse. So the usual treatment of 2 to 3 days of antibiotics may not be enough to help you get better.


Question: How can I treat the symptoms of diving ear pain?

Answer: For pain, give ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Avoid ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if the person has heart failure or kidney failure.


Question: If I have diving ear pain, how long should I wait before going on another dive?

Answer: To avoid serious hearing loss or other problems, the person should not go on another dive until the pain goes away or the person sees a doctor.


Question: What are symptoms of diving ear pain (barotrauma)?

Answer: Symptoms of diving ear pain (also known as barotrauma) include: Ear pressure Mild to severe ear pain Nausea Reduced hearing Ringing ear Vertigo Vomiting Help the person ascend until symptoms disappear.


Question: When do I need medical attention for diving ear pain?

Answer: Seek immediate medical care if: Pain, a feeling like there is water in the ears, or muffled hearing continues after the dive is over There are symptoms of inner ear damage, such as deafness, ear ringing, or vertigo The person has experienced ear pain when diving before If possible, see an ear, nose, and throat specialist with experience in treating diving-related ear problems.


Question: What is hyperpigmentation?

Answer: When a person is healthy, his or her skin color will appear normal. In the case of illness or injury, the person's skin may change color, becoming darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation). Hyperpigmentation in skin is caused by an increase in melanin, the substance in the body that is responsible for color (pigment). Certain conditions, such as pregnancy or Addison's disease (decreased function of the adrenal gland), may cause a greater production of melanin and hyperpigmentation. Exposure to sunlight is a major cause of hyperpigmentaion, and will darken already hyperpigmented areas.


Question: What type of hyperpigmentation is melasma?

Answer: An example of hyperpigmentation is melasma. This condition is characterized by tan or brown patches, most commonly on the face. Melasma can occur in pregnant women and is often called the "mask of pregnancy;" however, men can also develop this condition. Melasma sometimes goes away after pregnancy. It can also be treated with certain prescription creams (such as hydroquinone).


Question: What type of hypopigmentation is albinism?

Answer: Albinism: Albinism is a rare inherited disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme that produces melanin. This results in a complete lack of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes. Albinos have an abnormal gene that restricts the body from producing melanin. There is no cure for albinism. People with albinism should use a sunscreen at all times because they are much more likely to get sun damage and skin cancer. This disorder can occur in any race, but is most common among whites.


Question: Can Wenxin Keli help when you have atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Early research shows the extract of a mixture of five different Chinese herbs may help treat occasional, or paroxysmal, AFib. But some people in those studies had problems when they took it, so more testing is needed. Definitely check with your doctor before you try this supplement.


Question: How can fiber help when you have atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Controlling your cholesterol can help you avoid other health problems related to AFib. Women should try to get about 25 grams of fiber per day; men should aim for 38 grams. Because these plant compounds are similar to cholesterol, they compete with it so your body doesn't absorb as much from food. Experts recommend getting 2 grams of phytosterols every day to help lower "bad" cholesterol levels in your blood.


Question: Can taking supplements help my Afib?

Answer: Taking supplements and vitamins could be one part of the plan to boost your heart health. There's no substitute for getting the vitamins and minerals your body needs from foods, like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. But if you're eating healthy and still short on certain nutrients, some supplements may help. Talk to your doctor about which ones could be good for you before you start taking anything new, to make sure you don't cause problems with your medication.


Question: How can arthrocentesis help treat osteoarthritis?

Answer: During arthrocentesis, a sterile needle is used to remove joint fluid for analysis. Joint fluid analysis is useful in excluding gout, infection, and other causes of inflammatory arthritis. Removal of joint fluid and injection of corticosteroids into the joints during arthrocentesis may help relieve pain, swelling, and inflammation.


Question: How are X-rays used to diagnose osteoarthritis?

Answer: The common X-ray findings of osteoarthritis include loss of joint cartilage, narrowing of the joint space between adjacent bones, and bone spur formation. Simple X-ray testing can be very helpful to exclude other causes of pain in a particular joint as well as assist the decision-making as to when surgical intervention should be considered.


Question: How can arthroscopy help treatosteoarthritis?

Answer: Arthroscopy is a surgical technique whereby a doctor inserts a viewing tube into the joint space. Abnormalities of and damage to the cartilage and ligaments can be detected and sometimes repaired through the arthroscope. If successful, patients can recover from the arthroscopic surgery much more quickly than from open joint surgery.


Question: Can high cholesterol affect your eyes and skin?

Answer: They often form in tendons like the Achilles tendon in the back of your heel. You might also notice them in your hands, elbows, knees, and feet. When xanthomas form on the eyelids, they're called xanthelasmas. Cholesterol can also form deposits around the outside of your cornea -- the clear cover over the front of your eye. This is called corneal arcus, which looks like a silvery blue ring. You can see it as an arc that goes around the outside of your eye, but it won't affect your vision. At your visit your doctor will ask you: What symptoms do you have and when did you first notice them?


Question: What statins can be used to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: Statins are the main drugs that treat He FH. They block an enzyme your body needs to make cholesterol. Some examples are: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Lovastatin ( Mevacor) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Other drugs your doctor may suggest to lower cholesterol: Bile acid sequestrants (colesevelam, Welchol) Ezetimibe ( Zetia) Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) Nicotinic acid ( Niaspan, Slo- Niacin) PCSK9 inhibitors To protect your heart and prevent heart disease, you'll need to manage He FH throughout your life.


Question: Can eating right and exercising help to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: The goal is to lower your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk for heart disease. Part of your treatment will be to make lifestyle changes, such as: Eat a low-fat diet. Avoid foods high in saturated and trans fats, like beef, pork, coconut oil, egg yolks, and whole milk. Instead, eat more veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seafood, lean poultry, and low-fat dairy. Exercise. Walk, bike ride, swim, and do other activities that make your heart pump harder.


Question: What can narrow blood vessels from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) cause?

Answer: Narrowed blood vessels can prevent enough blood from reaching your heart. Or a piece of plaque can break off and get stuck in a blood vessel that supplies blood to your heart. If blood flow to your heart gets blocked, parts of your heart muscle can die and you'll have a heart attack.


Question: How do you get heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: If you have He FH, you inherit a faulty gene from one of your parents. If you're a parent yourself and you have the gene, you've got a 50-50 chance of passing it to each of your children.


Question: What can you expect if you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: Some examples are: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Lovastatin ( Mevacor) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Other drugs your doctor may suggest to lower cholesterol: Bile acid sequestrants (colesevelam, Welchol) Ezetimibe ( Zetia) Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) Nicotinic acid ( Niaspan, Slo- Niacin) PCSK9 inhibitors To protect your heart and prevent heart disease, you'll need to manage He FH throughout your life. You'll likely need to keep up a good diet, exercise, and take statins and other drugs to control your cholesterol. Tests can find out if your other family members have He FH.


Question: Who are the best candidates for a tummy tuck?

Answer: A tummy tuck is suitable for men and women who are in good health. Women who have had several pregnancies may find the procedure useful for tightening their abdominal muscles and reducing skin. A tummy tuck is also an option for men or women who were once obese and still have excess fat deposits or loose skin around the belly.


Question: Can you diet before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Don't try a drastic diet before the surgery. Eat well-balanced, complete meals. A healthy diet may help you heal better.


Question: Can you take medication before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Tell your doctor about everything you take, including prescription drugs, herbal medicines, and other supplements. Your surgeon may instruct you to stop taking certain medications for a time before and after the surgery.


Question: Can you smoke before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: If you smoke, your doctor will ask that you quit smoking from at least two weeks before the surgery until two weeks after the surgery. It is not enough to just cut down on smoking. You must stop completely since smoking makes complications more likely and slows healing.


Question: How should you prepare your home before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Before getting the surgery, get your home ready. You'll need: Ice packs Loose, comfortable clothing that can be put on and off very easily Petroleum jelly Hand-held shower head and bathroom chair You'll also need someone to drive you home after the tummy tuck. If you live alone, you'll want someone to stay with you for at least the first night. Make a plan for that.


Question: What are some symptoms of dyscalculia?

Answer: A child with dyscalculia also may have a lot of anxiety about numbers. For example, they may panic at the thought of math homework. School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia. For example, a child with this learning disability may get upset with games that require constant counting or scorekeeping.


Question: How common is dyscalculia?

Answer: Up to 7% of elementary school students have dyscalculia. Research suggests it's as common as dyslexia -- a reading disorder -- but not as well understood.


Question: How can I help my child with math if she has dyscalculia?

Answer: Use graph paper. It helps keep columns and numbers straight and neat.


Question: Is dyscalculia associated with ADHD?

Answer: Your school or doctor may call it a âmathematics learning disabilityâ or a âmath disorder.â It can be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) -- up to 60% of people who have ADHD also have a learning disorder, like dyscalculia.


Question: Does dyscalculia only affect children in the classroom?

Answer: School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia. For example, a child with this learning disability may get upset with games that require constant counting or scorekeeping.


Question: What specific difficulties may be due to dyscalculia?

Answer: School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia.


Question: What is the treatment for dyscalculia?

Answer: Learning specialists, educational psychologists, or neuropsychologists who specialize in dyscalculia recommend the following to help a child's understanding of math: Specially designed teaching plans Math-based learning games Practicing math skills a lot more often than other students Here are some things you can try to help your child better learn and understand math and lower her anxiety: Let her use her fingers and paper when she counts.


Question: What should I rule out first if I think my child has dyscalculia?

Answer: If your child has a hard time with numbers, see his doctor to rule out any vision or hearing problems that might affect his ability to learn. Then talk to your child's math teacher to understand where he's having trouble.


Question: What is dyscalculia?

Answer: It's not unusual for a child to have a tough time with math homework now and then. But if he has problems with numbers or low math test scores yet does well in other subjects, he could have a math learning disability called dyscalculia. It's a brain-related condition that makes basic arithmetic hard to learn. It may run in families, but scientists haven't found any genes related to it.


Question: What are opioids made of?

Answer: You can also benefit from behavioral therapy.


Question: What are the symptoms of opioid dependence?

Answer: You might have symptoms like: Continue Reading Below Anxiety Irritability Craving for the drug Rapid breathing Yawning Runny nose Salivation Goosebumps Nasal stuffiness Muscle aches Vomiting Abdominal cramping Diarrhea Sweating Confusion Enlarged pupils Tremors Loss of appetite While they aren't medically dangerous, these symptoms can be painful and hard to live with.


Question: How can you prevent opioid withdrawal symptoms?

Answer: Your doctor can give you medicines to help prevent withdrawal symptoms, a process called detoxification (detox). The most common ones are buprenorphine ( Buprenex, Butrans, Probuphine), methadone ( Methadose Dolophine), and naltrexone and naltrexone ( Revia).


Question: What side effects do opioids have?

Answer: Man-made versions of morphine produce the other opioids: Fentanyl ( Duragesic) Heroin, a street drug Hydrocodone with acetaminophen ( Lorcet, Lortab, Vicodin) Hydrocodone ( Hysingla ER, Zohydro ER) Hydromorphone ( Dilaudid, Exalgo) Methadone Oxycodone ( Oxy Contin) Oxycodone with acetaminophen ( Percocet) Oxycodone with aspirin ( Percodan) Meperidine ( Demerol) These drugs are generally safe when you take them for a short time, as prescribed by your doctor. But in addition to helping you manage the pain, they can also give you a feeling of well-being or euphoria. And each of those effects could lead you to misuse the drug or take it in a way your doctor didn't intend. You might: Take a higher dose than prescribed Take someone else's prescription, even for a legitimate problem, like pain Take it to get high It's a widespread problem.


Question: What are the symptoms of opioid use disorder (OUD)?

Answer: Your doctor will look for these symptoms if he thinks you have opioid use disorder ( OUD): Using more of the drugs or using them longer than you intended Can't control or cut down use Spend lots of time finding drugs or recovering from use Have a strong desire or urge to use Use despite legal or social problems Stop or cut down important activities Use while doing something dangerous, like driving Use despite physical or mental problems Become tolerant -- need more of the drug or need to take it more often Have withdrawal -- physical symptoms when you try to stop Your condition could be: Mild: 2-3 symptoms Moderate: 4-5 symptoms Severe: 6 or more symptoms If you spot the signs of dependence on the drug or your doctor thinks you have a problem, there is treatment.


Question: What is the long-term outlook for people with opioid disorder?

Answer: Substance abuse disorder is a chronic illness, which means you'll have it for the rest of your life. Most people have a relapse at some point. Some people take the medications that help manage withdrawal symptoms, or other drugs like them, for years.


Question: What determines the length and severity of opioid withdrawl

Answer: In general, the length and harshness of opioid drug withdrawal depends on the drug you are using and the amount you have been taking.


Question: How can protective eyewear help prevent injuries to your child during sports?

Answer: It's a good idea for any kid who's into: Baseball/softball Basketball Soccer Hockey Tennis Karate Racquetball Your child may not want to use protective eyewear at first, especially if he's the only one on the team who has it. But you can help. Let him pick out the eye gear, so he's in charge of style. Or lead by example and wear the gear yourself when you play sports.


Question: How does gastric banding work for weight loss?

Answer: Gastric banding involves placing a band around the top end of the stomach to create a small pouch to hold food. The band limits the amount of food you can eat by making you feel full after eating small amounts of food. There are two approved gastric banding devices and procedures approved in the U. S. -- LAP- BAND and the Realize band.


Question: What are the two restrictive weight loss surgery types?

Answer: Restrictive types of weight loss surgery are gastric banding, intragastric balloon, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy. These procedures make less room in the stomach for food right after it's swallowed.


Question: What happens when you eat after gastric bypass surgery?

Answer: The band limits the amount of food you can eat by making you feel full after eating small amounts of food.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose prostate cancer spread?

Answer: If that's a possibility, you may be asked to take a test like a: Bone scan MRI Ultrasound CT scan PET scan Knowing if your cancer has spread will help your doctor work with you to choose your best treatment.


Question: How is skier's thumb symptoms treated?

Answer: Apply ice to reduce swelling. Immobilize the thumb with an elastic bandage or brace. Give acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain. Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 19. The health care provider will likely X-ray the person's thumb. A partially torn ligament will typically be immobilized with a splint or cast. A fully torn ligament may require surgery.


Question: What does congenital heart failure in dogs mean?

Answer: Congenital means that the dog was born with a heart defect. But old age, injury, and infection can exacerbate it. Diet and exercise play roles too.


Question: Can dogs get congestive heart failure?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your beloved pet can have heart problems just like you. Know the symptoms so you can get your companion the help she needs. Heart disease may lead to congestive heart failure. That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. Heart disease can affect one side of the heart or sometimes both sides. It can progress slowly and may take years to spot.


Question: How long do you need to take ringworm mecicine?

Answer: Some of the most popular include: Clotrimazole ( Lotrimin, Mycelex) Miconazole ( Aloe Vesta Antifungal, Azolen, Baza Antifungal, Carrington Antifungal, Critic Aid Clear, Cruex Prescription Strength, Derma Fungal, Desenex, Fungoid Tincture, Micaderm, Micatin, Micro- Guard, Miranel, Mitrazol, Podactin, Remedy Antifungal, Secura Antifungal) Terbinafine ( Lamisil) Ketoconazole ( Xolegel) In most cases, you'll have to use the medicines on your skin for 2 to 4 weeks to make sure you kill the fungus that causes ringworm. It'll also lower your chances of it coming back. If you have ringworm on your scalp or in many different places on your body, OTC treatments may not be enough. Your doctor will write you a prescription for an antifungal medication that you'll have to take by mouth for 1 to 3 months. You might also have to use an antifungal shampoo.


Question: What are the most popular over-the-counter treatments for ringworm?

Answer: If the infection is on your skin â as in the case of athlete's foot or jock itch â your doctor will likely suggest an OTC antifungal cream, lotion, or powder. Some of the most popular include: Clotrimazole ( Lotrimin, Mycelex) Miconazole ( Aloe Vesta Antifungal, Azolen, Baza Antifungal, Carrington Antifungal, Critic Aid Clear, Cruex Prescription Strength, Derma Fungal, Desenex, Fungoid Tincture, Micaderm, Micatin, Micro- Guard, Miranel, Mitrazol, Podactin, Remedy Antifungal, Secura Antifungal) Terbinafine ( Lamisil) Ketoconazole ( Xolegel) In most cases, you'll have to use the medicines on your skin for 2 to 4 weeks to make sure you kill the fungus that causes ringworm.


Question: It is important to make a correct diagnosis for headaches and migraine?

Answer: In order to receive proper treatment for headaches and migraines, a correct diagnosis must be made. That means your doctor will first ask you about the history of your headaches. It is important to describe your headache symptoms and characteristics as completely as possible.


Question: Should I tell my doctor about past medication treatment for headaches?

Answer: Who else in your family has headaches What symptoms, if any, occur between headaches If your school or work performance has been affected by the headaches It is also important to tell your doctor how you feel when you get a headache and what happens when you get a headache, such as: Where the pain is located What it feels like How severe the headache pain is, using a scale from one (mild) to 10 (severe) How long the headache lasts If the headaches appear suddenly without warning or with accompanying symptoms What time of day the headache usually occurs If there is an aura (changes in vision, blind spots, or bright lights) before the headache What other symptoms or warning signs occur with a headache (such as weakness, nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, appetite changes, changes in attitude or behavior) How frequently you get headaches You should also tell your doctor if you've been treated in the past for headaches and what medications (both prescribed and over-the-counter) you have taken in the past and what medications are currently being taken. Don't hesitate to list them, bring the bottles, or ask your pharmacist for a printout.


Question: How is an eye exam used to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: An eye pressure test performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) will rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as a cause of headaches.


Question: How are migraines and headaches diagnosed?

Answer: That means your doctor will first ask you about the history of your headaches. It is important to describe your headache symptoms and characteristics as completely as possible.


Question: What information about a headache is important for diagnosis?

Answer: Who else in your family has headaches What symptoms, if any, occur between headaches If your school or work performance has been affected by the headaches It is also important to tell your doctor how you feel when you get a headache and what happens when you get a headache, such as: Where the pain is located What it feels like How severe the headache pain is, using a scale from one (mild) to 10 (severe) How long the headache lasts If the headaches appear suddenly without warning or with accompanying symptoms What time of day the headache usually occurs If there is an aura (changes in vision, blind spots, or bright lights) before the headache What other symptoms or warning signs occur with a headache (such as weakness, nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, appetite changes, changes in attitude or behavior) How frequently you get headaches You should also tell your doctor if you've been treated in the past for headaches and what medications (both prescribed and over-the-counter) you have taken in the past and what medications are currently being taken.


Question: How is the cause of migraines and headaches diagnosed?

Answer: After completing the headache history portion of the evaluation, the doctor will perform a complete physical and neurological exam. The doctor will look for signs and symptoms of an illness that may be causing the headaches, such as: Fever or abnormalities in breathing, pulse, or blood pressure Infection Nausea, vomiting Changes in personality, inappropriate behavior Mental confusion Seizures Loss of consciousness Excessive fatigue, wanting to sleep all of the time High blood pressure Muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling Speech difficulties Balance problems, falling Dizziness Vision changes (blurry vision, double vision, blind spots) Neurological tests focus on ruling out diseases of the brain or nerves that may also cause headaches and migraines.


Question: What is some important information when diagnosing migraines and headaches?

Answer: Your headaches can be better diagnosed if you tell your doctor: How old you were when the headaches started How long you have been experiencing them If you experience a single type of headache or multiple types of headaches How often the headaches occur What causes the headaches, if known (for example, do certain situations, foods, or medications trigger the headaches?)


Question: What signs and symptoms of an illness will a doctor look for that might be causing my headaches?

Answer: After completing the headache history portion of the evaluation, the doctor will perform a complete physical and neurological exam. The doctor will look for signs and symptoms of an illness that may be causing the headaches, such as: Fever or abnormalities in breathing, pulse, or blood pressure Infection Nausea, vomiting Changes in personality, inappropriate behavior Mental confusion Seizures Loss of consciousness Excessive fatigue, wanting to sleep all of the time High blood pressure Muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling Speech difficulties Balance problems, falling Dizziness Vision changes (blurry vision, double vision, blind spots) Neurological tests focus on ruling out diseases of the brain or nerves that may also cause headaches and migraines.


Question: What are blood chemistry and urinalysis tests?

Answer: These tests may determine many medical conditions, including diabetes, thyroid problems, and infections, which can cause headaches.


Question: What is the psychological evaluation for diagnosing headaches?

Answer: Some of the tests look for a physical or structural abnormality in the brain that may cause your headache, such as: Tumor Brain abscess (an infection of the brain) Hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain) Bacterial or viral meningitis (an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord) Pseudotumor cerebri (increased intracranial pressure) Hydrocephalus (abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain) Infection of the brain such as meningitis or Lyme disease Encephalitis (inflammation and swelling of the brain) Blood clots Head trauma Sinus blockage or disease Blood vessel abnormalities Injuries Aneurysm (a "bubble" in the wall of a blood vessel that can leak or rupture) An interview with a psychologist is not a routine part of a headache evaluation, but it may be done to identify stress factors triggering your headaches. You may be asked to complete a computerized questionnaire to provide more in-depth information to the doctor. After evaluating the results of the headache history and physical, neurological, and psychological exams, your doctor should be able to determine the type of headache you have, whether a serious problem is present, and whether additional tests are needed. Possible additional tests you may be given include diagnostic tests.


Question: What abnormalities could be causing migraines and headaches?

Answer: The doctor will look for signs and symptoms of an illness that may be causing the headaches, such as: Fever or abnormalities in breathing, pulse, or blood pressure Infection Nausea, vomiting Changes in personality, inappropriate behavior Mental confusion Seizures Loss of consciousness Excessive fatigue, wanting to sleep all of the time High blood pressure Muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling Speech difficulties Balance problems, falling Dizziness Vision changes (blurry vision, double vision, blind spots) Neurological tests focus on ruling out diseases of the brain or nerves that may also cause headaches and migraines. The vast majority of headaches turn out to be benign in nature. Some of the tests look for a physical or structural abnormality in the brain that may cause your headache, such as: Tumor Brain abscess (an infection of the brain) Hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain) Bacterial or viral meningitis (an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord) Pseudotumor cerebri (increased intracranial pressure) Hydrocephalus (abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain) Infection of the brain such as meningitis or Lyme disease Encephalitis (inflammation and swelling of the brain) Blood clots Head trauma Sinus blockage or disease Blood vessel abnormalities Injuries Aneurysm (a "bubble" in the wall of a blood vessel that can leak or rupture) An interview with a psychologist is not a routine part of a headache evaluation, but it may be done to identify stress factors triggering your headaches.


Question: How is a spinal tap used to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: A spinal tap is the removal of spinal fluid from the spinal canal (located in the back). This procedure is performed to look for conditions such as infections of the brain or spinal cord.


Question: How is an MRI used to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: This test produces very clear pictures, or images, of the brain without the use of X-rays. MRI uses a large magnet, radio frequency ( RF), and a computer to produce these images. A MRI may be recommended if you are getting daily or almost daily headaches. It may also be recommended if a CT scan does not show definitive results. In addition, a MRI scan is used to evaluate certain parts of the brain that are not as easily viewed with CT scans, such as the spine at the level of the neck and the back portion of the brain.


Question: How is a sinus X-ray used to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: CT Scan.


Question: How is a blood chemistry and urinalysis used for diagnosing migraines and headaches?

Answer: These tests may determine many medical conditions, including diabetes, thyroid problems, and infections, which can cause headaches.


Question: What should I tell my doctor about my headache?

Answer: Who else in your family has headaches What symptoms, if any, occur between headaches If your school or work performance has been affected by the headaches It is also important to tell your doctor how you feel when you get a headache and what happens when you get a headache, such as: Where the pain is located What it feels like How severe the headache pain is, using a scale from one (mild) to 10 (severe) How long the headache lasts If the headaches appear suddenly without warning or with accompanying symptoms What time of day the headache usually occurs If there is an aura (changes in vision, blind spots, or bright lights) before the headache What other symptoms or warning signs occur with a headache (such as weakness, nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, appetite changes, changes in attitude or behavior) How frequently you get headaches You should also tell your doctor if you've been treated in the past for headaches and what medications (both prescribed and over-the-counter) you have taken in the past and what medications are currently being taken.


Question: Should I tell my doctor what tests I've had in the past for my headaches?

Answer: Studies performed by other doctors who may have evaluated your headaches in the past, including X-rays and other imaging tests, are also very important; you should bring these to your appointment. This may save time and repeated tests.


Question: What is a spinal tap?

Answer: A spinal tap is the removal of spinal fluid from the spinal canal (located in the back). This procedure is performed to look for conditions such as infections of the brain or spinal cord.


Question: What is an eye exam?

Answer: An eye pressure test performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) will rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as a cause of headaches.


Question: What is a sinus X-ray?

Answer: Although the CT scan and MRI provide more details, your doctor may use this test if your symptoms seem to indicate sinus problems.


Question: What foods can help with psoriasis?

Answer: Anti-inflammatory foods are generally healthy, so it shouldn't hurt to give them a try. They include: Fruits and veggies, especially berries, cherries, and leafy greens Salmon, sardines, and other fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids Antioxidant-rich herbs and spices, like thyme, sage, cumin, and ginger Heart-healthy sources of fat, like olive oil, seeds, and nuts Some foods can make inflammation worse.


Question: How can losing weight help with psoriasis?

Answer: Eat less of these: Processed foods and refined sugars Fatty cuts of red meat Dairy People who are overweight or obese have a greater chance of getting psoriasis, and their symptoms tend to be worse. Studies suggest that your skin may get better if you shed extra pounds. This may be because fat cells make certain proteins that can trigger inflammation and make the condition worse. You might eat smaller portions, limit carbs or fat, or follow a combination of diet strategies your doctor recommends.


Question: How does alcohol affect psoriasis?

Answer: The link between alcohol and psoriasis isn't clear, but experts say if you drink, be moderate. For men, that means no more than two drinks a day, and for women no more than one. Studies show that men who drink heavily don't respond to psoriasis treatments as well. And some research suggests that people who have psoriasis and drink heavily may find that their skin gets better when they stop. If your condition is especially severe or you take certain medications, like methotrexate and acitretin, your doctor may tell you to stay away from alcohol completely.


Question: What foods can make psoriasis worse?

Answer: Eat less of these: Processed foods and refined sugars Fatty cuts of red meat Dairy People who are overweight or obese have a greater chance of getting psoriasis, and their symptoms tend to be worse. Studies suggest that your skin may get better if you shed extra pounds. This may be because fat cells make certain proteins that can trigger inflammation and make the condition worse.


Question: What are the early warning signs of an asthma attack?

Answer: But by recognizing these signs, you can stop an asthma attack or prevent one from getting worse. Early warning signs of an asthma attack may include: Frequent cough, especially at night Reduced peak flow meter readings Losing your breath easily or shortness of breath Feeling very tired or weak when exercising Wheezing or coughing during or after exercise (exercise-induced asthma) Feeling tired, easily upset, grouchy, or moody Decreases or changes in lung function as measured on a peak flow meter Signs of a cold or allergies (sneezing, runny nose, cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, and headache) Trouble sleeping with nighttime asthma The severity of an asthma attack can escalate rapidly, so it's important to treat these symptoms immediately once you recognize them.


Question: What do I need to know about tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow means you have damaged tendons in your arm. It's common in people who play sports such as tennis and squash, but more often, you have it because of a job or serious hobby where you have to grip and twist a lot. In fact, painters, carpenters, plumbers, and dentists are all more likely to get it.


Question: Can being assertive rather than aggressive help reduce stress in women over 50?

Answer: Be assertive instead of aggressive.


Question: Can being positive help reduce stress in women over 50?

Answer: Look for silver linings and good news. Make a gratitude list. Let go of negatives. Accept that there are things you cannot control.


Question: Can exercise and having a support system help reduce chronic stress in women over 50?

Answer: Exercise reduces stress, improves mood, and boosts overall health. It also helps you sleep better. Build a support system. For some people, becoming part of a religious community helps reduce stress. For others it may be diving into a swim club, or a sewing circle. But wherever your find them, solid friendships help you feel warmth, security, connection.


Question: What does it mean if muscle enzymes are too high in relation to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: What it means: You might have an inflammatory muscle disease. Higher levels of CPK can also show up after trauma, injections into a muscle, muscle disease due to an underactive thyroid, and while taking certain medications such as cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins.


Question: What can cause traumatic brain injury?

Answer: Causes of traumatic brain injury include: Car accidents Blows to the head Sports injuries Falls or accidents Physical violence Causes of acquired brain injury include: Poisoning or exposure to toxic substances Infection Strangulation, choking, or drowning Stroke Heart attacks Tumors Aneurysms Neurological illnesses Abuse of illegal drugs There are numerous symptoms of brain damage, whether traumatic or acquired.


Question: Can I prevent brain injuries?

Answer: Here are some rules to follow to reduce the risk of brain damage: Never shake a child. Install window guards to keep young children from falling out of open windows. Install shock-absorbing material on playgrounds. Wear helmets during sports or cycling. Wear seatbelts in cars, and drive carefully. Avoid falls by using a stepstool when reaching for high items. Install handrails on stairways. Don't keep guns; if you do, keep them unloaded and locked away. Don't use illegal drugs. Drink alcohol only in moderation, and never drink and drive.


Question: What are physical symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What are perceptual symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.