Question: What blood tests can diagnose anemia?

Answer: Blood tests will not only confirm the diagnosis of anemia, but also help point to the underlying condition. Tests might include: Complete blood count ( CBC), which determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells Blood iron level and your serum ferritin level, the best indicators of your body's total iron stores Levels of vitamin B12 and folate, vitamins necessary for red blood cell production Special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia, such as an immune attack on your red blood cells, red blood cell fragility, and defects of enzymes, hemoglobin, and clotting Reticulocyte count, bilirubin, and other blood and urine tests to determine how quickly your blood cells are being made or if you have a hemolytic anemia, where your red blood cells have a shortened life span Only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.


Question: How do you treat sickle cell anemia in children?

Answer: Sickle Cell Anemia Occasionally, children with sickle cell disease who have an appropriate donor may be cured by a bone marrow transplant. Alternatively, a drug called hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea, Silkos) appears to stimulate the formation of an alternate form of hemoglobin that isn't susceptible to the sickling, and may be used to reduce the frequency of bone pain. The bone pain can usually be eased with pain medications and the anemia may require transfusions. Hydroxyurea may also decrease the need for blood transfusions.


Question: Will doctors ever need to remove a sample of bone marrow to diagnose anemia?

Answer: Tests might include: Complete blood count ( CBC), which determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells Blood iron level and your serum ferritin level, the best indicators of your body's total iron stores Levels of vitamin B12 and folate, vitamins necessary for red blood cell production Special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia, such as an immune attack on your red blood cells, red blood cell fragility, and defects of enzymes, hemoglobin, and clotting Reticulocyte count, bilirubin, and other blood and urine tests to determine how quickly your blood cells are being made or if you have a hemolytic anemia, where your red blood cells have a shortened life span Only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.


Question: How do you treat anemia caused by blood loss?

Answer: Anemia Caused by Blood Loss If you suddenly lose a large volume of blood, you may be treated with fluids, a blood transfusion, oxygen, and possibly iron to help your body build new red blood cells. Chronic blood loss is treated by identifying the source of bleeding, stopping the bleeding, and, if necessary, providing treatment for iron-deficiency anemia.


Question: How do you treat anemia caused by iron deficiency?

Answer: With iron deficiency anemia, your doctor will probably recommend iron supplements that contain the ferrous form of iron, which your body can absorb easily. Timed-release iron supplements are not a good choice for most people, because iron is primarily absorbed in the upper part of the digestive tract.


Question: How do you treat anemia caused by chronic disease?

Answer: Anemia Caused by Chronic Disease It is best to treat the underlying condition whenever possible. Anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or following chemotherapy can often be treated with an injection of recombinant human erythropoietin called epoetin alpha ( Epogen, Procrit) or darbepoetin alfa ( Aranesp). Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Darbepoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin.


Question: How do you treat lead poisoning?

Answer: Lead poisoning is treated by discontinuing exposure to lead and administering a drug that binds and draws lead out of the body.


Question: What might your doctor do if your iron-deficiency anemia does not improve with iron supplements?

Answer: Your doctor will monitor your red blood cell counts, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, and ferritin levels, during treatment. If your anemia doesn't improve with iron supplements, your doctor will look for some other underlying cause. In rare cases, your doctor may prescribe iron injections or give you iron intravenously (through a needle in the vein). In extremely rare cases of life-threatening iron-deficiency anemia, treatment may involve a blood transfusion.


Question: How do I know if I have anemia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } To diagnose anemia, your doctor will likely ask you about your medical history, perform a physical exam, and order blood tests. You can help by providing detailed answers about your symptoms, family medical history, diet, medications you take, alcohol intake, and ethnic background. Your doctor will look for symptoms of anemia and other physical clues that might point to a cause. There are basically three different causes of anemia: blood loss, decreased or faulty red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells.


Question: What are signs of moderate aortic stenosis?

Answer: If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when you're active Chest pain Tightness or pressure in your chest Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats) Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder Your doctor may also hear a heart murmur during an exam.


Question: Why do most people find out about mild aortic stenosis during a checkup?

Answer: Because these symptoms are so subtle, most people find out about mild cases during a checkup. When your doctor listens to your heart, she may hear an abnormal whooshing sound between heartbeats. Called a heart murmur, this distinct sound can show up long before other aortic stenosis symptoms.


Question: What are home care measures for genital herpes?

Answer: First, simple self-care may be enough to relieve most discomfort caused by genital herpes. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen, can help ease the pain of herpes symptoms. Doctors sometimes recommend soaking the affected area in warm water. But the area should be kept dry most of the time. If toweling off after bathing is uncomfortable, try using a hair dryer. Then put on cotton underwear. Cotton absorbs moisture better than synthetic fabric does.


Question: What do triglyceride numbers mean for your cholesterol?

Answer: Triglycerides are the form in which most fat exists in food and the body. A high triglyceride level has been linked to higher risk of coronary artery disease.


Question: What does your total blood cholesterol mean?

Answer: Triglycerides Triglyceride Category Less than 150 Normal 150 - 199 Mildly High 200 - 499 High 500 or higher Very high Your total blood cholesterol is a measure of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and other lipid components. Your doctor will use your total cholesterol number when determining your risk for heart disease and how best to manage it.


Question: What do you need to know about cholesterol level numbers?

Answer: The first thing you need to know is that the numbers by themselves are not enough to predict your risk of heart problems or to determine what you need to do to lower that risk. They are, instead, one part of a larger equation that includes your age, your blood pressure, your smoking status, and your use of blood pressure medicines. Your doctor will use this information to calculate your 10-year risk for serious heart problems. Then the two of you will develop a strategy for reducing that risk.


Question: What are some good sources of protein?

Answer: Good sources include: Eggs Low-fat cheese Fish Lean meat Skinless poultry Low-fat milk Soybeans and soybean products Yogurt Beans Nuts and seeds Your kids need some fat in their diet, just not too much.


Question: What should I look for on nutrition labels?

Answer: These foods are excellent sources of omega-3s or monounsaturated fat: Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, herring, mackerel, and anchovies Eggs Nuts Seeds Olive oil Canola oil Ground flaxseed Cooking is great. But for most families, it's not realistic to cook everything, at every meal, from scratch. When you buy processed foods, check the Nutrition Facts label and choose those that are lower in sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, meaning a single serving makes up 5% or less of the daily limit for these ingredients. Foods are high in sugar, salt, and saturated fat if a serving has 20% or more of each one.


Question: Are there fatty foods that are good for my kids?

Answer: Good sources include: Eggs Low-fat cheese Fish Lean meat Skinless poultry Low-fat milk Soybeans and soybean products Yogurt Beans Nuts and seeds Your kids need some fat in their diet, just not too much. And some types are better choices than others. Omega-3 fatty acids, for example, help brain development in babies and young children. Compared to saturated fats, omega-3s and monounsaturated fats may help your body stay more sensitive to insulin, which lowers the risk of diabetes. These foods are excellent sources of omega-3s or monounsaturated fat: Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, herring, mackerel, and anchovies Eggs Nuts Seeds Olive oil Canola oil Ground flaxseed Cooking is great.


Question: What are some good sources of potassium?

Answer: Good sources of potassium include: Artichokes Avocados Bananas Cantaloupes Leafy green vegetables (such as beet greens, Swiss chard, and broccoli) Orange juice Prunes and prune juice Papayas Potatoes with skin Tomatoes Beans and peas, including lima beans Fish, shellfish, and clams Low-fat and fat-free dairy Nuts (including almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, soy nuts, and pistachios) Include lean protein in almost every meal your kids eat.


Question: What can you do to prevent tapeworms in humans?

Answer: You can further reduce your risk of tapeworms by washing your hands before and after using the toilet and by following these food safety tips. Avoid raw fish and meat. Thoroughly cook meat to temperatures of at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit for whole cuts of meat and to at least 160 degrees F for ground meat and poultry. Then, allow the meat to rest for three minutes before carving or consuming; the heat continues killing pathogens during that time. Freezing meat to -4 degrees F for at least 24 hours also kills tapeworm eggs. When traveling in undeveloped countries, cook fruits and vegetables with boiled or chemically-treated water before eating. Wash hands with soap and hot water before preparing or eating foods.


Question: What medications are used to treat tapeworms?

Answer: Tapeworms are usually treated with a medicine taken by mouth.


Question: How are tapeworms treated?

Answer: These medications paralyze the tapeworms, which let go of the intestine, dissolve, and pass from your body with bowel movements. If worms are large, you may have cramping when they pass. Your doctor will recheck stool samples at one and three months after you finish treatment. When tapeworms are confined to the intestines, appropriate treatment gets rid of them in more than 95% of people. More serious complications of tapeworm infection are also treated with medications.


Question: How common are tapeworms?

Answer: Tapeworms are uncommon in the U. S. today because of laws on feeding practices and inspection of the animals we use for food.


Question: What are the symptoms of tapeworms?

Answer: Sometimes tapeworms cause symptoms such as: Nausea Weakness Diarrhea Abdominal pain Hunger or loss of appetite Fatigue Weight loss Vitamin and mineral deficiencies However, often tapeworms don't cause symptoms. The only sign of tapeworm infection may be segments of the worms, possibly moving, in a bowel movement. In rare cases, tapeworms can lead to serious complications, including blocking the intestine, or smaller ducts in the intestine (like the bile duct or pancreatic duct). If pork tapeworm larvae move out of the intestine, they can migrate to other parts of the body and cause damage to the liver, eyes, heart, and brain. These infections can be life-threatening.


Question: Can you prevent prostate cancer?

Answer: To date, no evidence proves that you can prevent prostate cancer. But a few simple things may help lower your odds.


Question: Other than the common cold and flu, what can cause sore throats?

Answer: Some other causes of sore throat may include: Pollution: Smoking or chemicals inside the home can cause a sore throat. Bad air pollution can also irritate it. Overuse: Yelling or speaking for a long time can strain throat muscles. Allergies: You could react to things such as mold, dust, pollen, and pet dander (tiny pieces of skin shed by animals). Strep throat: The pain of this can be so strong that it may hurt a lot when you swallow. You may also see a white or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils, which are those two clumps of tissue at the back of the throat. You should see your doctor if you think you have strep. She can swab your throat and run a test to find out if you really have it. You're likely to be prescribed antibiotics, a type of medicine that kills bacteria, if you do. Tonsillitis: Inflamed tonsils can also make your throat sore and you might have a hard time swallowing. Mononucleosis: A virus causes mono, and it's spread through saliva. That's why it's often called âthe kissing disease.â Other symptoms include fatigue, fever, headache, and swelling in your tonsils, neck, or armpits.


Question: What is the most common cause of a sore throat?

Answer: The most common reason you get a sore throat is because of a cold or flu. It may be just one of several side problems you get. Cold symptoms tend to develop slowly, but a flu tends to hit you quickly. If you are coughing, your voice is hoarse, or you have a runny nose, a cold is the most likely culprit. The common cold is less harmful than a flu, which attacks your nose, throat, and lungs. And you may get more intense symptoms, including fever, body aches, and headaches.


Question: Will resting help a sore throat?

Answer: These can include: Body aches Fever Headache Nausea or vomiting Runny nose and sneezing Stomach pains There's no instant cure for a sore throat, but there are steps you can take to make it feel better. Be sure to get lots of rest. Sleep is important in your body's fight against an infection. Give your voice a break, too. Rest your throat if it has gotten irritated from speaking too long.


Question: Which pain relievers can be used for a sore throat?

Answer: Pain relievers: Follow directions if you decide to use a pain reliever -- acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin). Make sure you read the directions on whether it should be given to kids and teens.


Question: How do you gargle for a sore throat?

Answer: Gargle with salt water: Combine one-fourth to one-half teaspoon of table salt with 4 to 8 ounces of warm water. Gargle and spit it out.


Question: Why do sore throats occur?

Answer: Usually, you have an infection to go along with it. But your throat could also get irritated by things such as dry air, heavy pollution, or tobacco smoke.


Question: What are the symptoms of Horner's syndrome?

Answer: These symptoms affect your eyes or face on the same side: Droopy eyelid (ptosis) No sweat on one side of your face Slightly raised lower eyelid Small pupil (the black dot in the middle of your eye) Pupils in each eye are different sizes Sunken or bloodshot eye You also can have pain or headaches, which happens more often in middle-aged men.


Question: How is Horner's syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor or an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) can do tests to see if you have Horner syndrome. She'll do a physical exam and ask about your medical history to find out if you've had any illness or injury that could have caused nerve damage. Then she'll put drops in your eyes to see how your pupils react. If you have Horner syndrome, one pupil won't widen or shrink as much as it should when the drops go in.


Question: Who can get Horner's syndrome?

Answer: In rare cases -- about 1 in 6,250 births -- a baby can be born with it. These symptoms affect your eyes or face on the same side: Droopy eyelid (ptosis) No sweat on one side of your face Slightly raised lower eyelid Small pupil (the black dot in the middle of your eye) Pupils in each eye are different sizes Sunken or bloodshot eye You also can have pain or headaches, which happens more often in middle-aged men. Children who get it before age 2 also can have one iris (the colored area around the pupil) that's a lighter color than the other one.


Question: Can newborns get Horner's syndrome?

Answer: Many things can affect the flow of signals through them: Cancer Cysts or tumors Damage to your aorta (the main blood vessel to your heart) or the myelin (a thin sheath around your nerves) Infection at the base of your skull Injuries to your carotid artery or jugular vein, which carry blood through your neck Migraines and cluster headaches Stroke Surgery Neck or shoulder injuries during delivery can cause Horner syndrome in some babies, but it's very rare. Babies born with damage to their aorta can also have it. And neuroblastoma, a type of cancer, can cause it in some kids. Only 5% of people who have the syndrome are born with it. Sometimes, there's no known reason for it.


Question: Is Horner's syndrome serious?

Answer: Horner syndrome can be a sign of a serious health risk such as nerve damage. See your doctor if you notice any of its symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of Horner's syndrome in children?

Answer: Children who get it before age 2 also can have one iris (the colored area around the pupil) that's a lighter color than the other one. Their faces may not flush on one side on hot days or after playing.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose Horner's syndrome?

Answer: Other tests may show if you have any kind of growth, damage, or injury that could cause it. The doctor may ask for any of the following: X-rays MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Powerful magnets and radio waves used to make detailed images CT scan (computerized tomography): Several X-rays taken from different angles and put together to show a more complete picture Your doctor also may want to test your blood or urine to check for any health problems that could cause nerve damage.


Question: If you have depression, should you keep a diary of your moods?

Answer: In each entry, include: How you're feeling that day Your current symptoms Any events that might have affected your mood How much sleep you got the night before The exact doses of any medicines you took Bring your journal to your first appointment. Show it to your doctor and therapist. If you keep a journal for a few weeks or months, you may start to see patterns to your mood changes that you never noticed before.


Question: What are some questions to ask your therapist when you start therapy for depression?

Answer: You could ask your therapist: What kind of approach do you use? What will our goals be? What will you expect of me? Will you give me specific assignments to do between sessions? How often will we meet? How do we decide whether therapy will be short-term or long-term? How much does each session cost, and what is your policy for cancellations or missed appointments?


Question: How do I find a therapist or a psychiatrist for depression?

Answer: Ask your regular doctor for a recommendation. You can also get in touch with organizations such as NAMI, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, which can suggest experts in your area. Keep in mind that anyone can call himself or herself a "therapist." Your therapist should be a licensed psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, psychiatric nurse, or counselor.


Question: What are symptoms of spring allergies?

Answer: You may have: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Start with your regular doctor.


Question: What type of plant can trigger spring allergies?

Answer: Triggers include: Trees Alder Ash Aspen Beech Box elder Cedar Cottonwood Cypress Elm Hickory Juniper Maple Mulberry Oak Olive Palm Pine Poplar Sycamore Willow Grasses and weeds: Bermuda Fescue Johnson June Orchard Perennial rye Redtop Saltgrass Sweet vernal Timothy Pollen counts tend to be particularly high on breezy days when the wind picks up these sneeze-inducing grains and carries them through the air. Rainy days, on the other hand, wash away the allergens.


Question: How are spring allergies diagnosed?

Answer: You may have: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Start with your regular doctor. She may refer you to an allergist for tests. The allergy specialist may give you a skin test, which involves either a pricking the surface of the skin with a tiny amount of allergen (prick test), or injecting a tiny sample of a diluted allergen under the skin of your arm or back. If you're allergic to the substance, a small red bump (called a wheal or hive) will form. Sometimes, you may get a blood test.


Question: How effective is therapy for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.


Question: How can you prevent stress to prevent irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There's proof that keeping your stress under control can help you prevent or ease IBS symptoms. You could learn about relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or visualization, where you imagine a peaceful scene. Or you can zap tension by simply doing something fun -- talk to a friend, read, listen to music, or go shopping. It's also a great idea to exercise, get enough sleep, and eat a good diet for IBS.


Question: How is stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome related?

Answer: It's not totally clear how stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome are related -- or which one comes first -- but studies show they can happen together. When a doctor talks to people with this digestive disorder, "what you find is that about 60% of IBS patients will meet the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders," says Edward Blanchard, Ph D, professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Albany. The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about stress and irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: If you're still tense and anxious, talk with your doctor. Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working."


Question: When should I talk with my doctor about my anxiety and IBS?

Answer: Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working." Blanchard says two-thirds of people with IBS get better with changes in diet and medication. The other third, people with more severe symptoms, might benefit from psychological help. "


Question: What is the most common mental ailment found in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders. Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.


Question: What theories exist about the connection between stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. Stress and anxiety may make the mind more aware of spasms in the colon. IBS may be triggered by the immune system, which is affected by stress.


Question: What do people with anxiety tend to worry about?

Answer: Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.


Question: What are the limitations of therapy in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms?

Answer: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.


Question: What are the risks of drinking alcohol to help with cholesterol?

Answer: Drinking too much alcohol can actually increase your risk for heart disease and stroke, raise blood pressure, contribute to obesity, and increase the levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood. Excessive drinking also can lead to heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), and stroke. Eventually, heavy alcohol use can leave the heart too weak to pump efficiently, a condition called congestive heart failure. Because drinking alcohol also has other downsides, including increased risk of some cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increased risk of accidents, the American Heart Association does not recommend that you start drinking wine or any other alcoholic beverages specifically to lower your cholesterol or improve your heart health. Instead, the organization advises watching your weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly to keep your cholesterol levels in check. If you do plan to drink, check with your doctor first, and drink in moderation -- (one glass of wine or beer a day for women, two for men). Some people, especially pregnant women, and those who take certain medicines regularly, should avoid alcohol entirely.


Question: What are swollen and bleeding gums a sign of?

Answer: In many instances, swollen and bleeding gums are a sign of gum disease. However, there are a number of other things that could be causing your gum problems. Whatever the cause of sore, painful gums, there are steps you can take to minimize gum damage and discomfort.


Question: How often should you floss your teeth?

Answer: It doesn't take more than a few minutes, but flossing may be the most important thing you can do to prevent gum problems now and in the future. 3. Rinse with mouthwash daily.


Question: Is it more important to focus on cavities in teeth or your gum health?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When you think about dental health, the focus is likely to be on preventing cavities in your teeth. But it's important to pay attention to your gums, too. Gums play a major role not only in your dental health, but in your overall well-being.


Question: How much water should you drink to prevent sore, swollen and bleeding gums?

Answer: A balanced diet, including plenty of vitamin C and calcium, may minimize the likelihood you'll have gum problems.


Question: What happens when gingivitis progresses?

Answer: Be sure to seek medical attention if you have the following symptoms, even if you don't have any discomfort: changes in the way teeth fit together on biting, or in the fit of partial dentures formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums gums that bleed during and after toothbrushing loose or shifting teeth persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth receding gums red, swollen, or tender gums When gingivitis progresses, it develops into periodontitis, a condition in which the gums and bone that hold the teeth in place can be severely weakened. The bacteria on the teeth release toxic substances that harm your gums and cause them to become infected. The infection and the inflammation that result when your body attacks the bacteria can degrade your gums and the bone in your jaw even further. You may have exceptionally swollen, painful gums that are likely to bleed. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.


Question: What should you eat to prevent sore, swollen and bleeding gums?

Answer: Eat a well-balanced diet. A balanced diet, including plenty of vitamin C and calcium, may minimize the likelihood you'll have gum problems.


Question: When should you seek medical attention about your gums or mouth?

Answer: Be sure to seek medical attention if you have the following symptoms, even if you don't have any discomfort: changes in the way teeth fit together on biting, or in the fit of partial dentures formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums gums that bleed during and after toothbrushing loose or shifting teeth persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth receding gums red, swollen, or tender gums When gingivitis progresses, it develops into periodontitis, a condition in which the gums and bone that hold the teeth in place can be severely weakened.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your gums?

Answer: Chemotherapy can have a number of unpleasant side effects, including painful, swollen, and bleeding gums. Many people undergoing treatment for cancer contend with stomatitis, which causes the development of painful sores and ulcers on the gums and throughout the mouth.


Question: How often should you use mouthwash?

Answer: Rinse with mouthwash daily. An antiseptic mouthwash kills bacteria that cause gum disease.


Question: How do you test for genital herpes?

Answer: When there's a genital herpes outbreak, a doctor can swab the sores to check for the herpes virus. The sooner the swab is taken after an outbreak starts, the better the chances of the test being accurate. The common way to find out whether you've got the virus is through genital herpes blood tests. Genital herpes blood tests show whether you have herpes -- and whether it's type 1 or type 2. Blood samples are usually used to see if the immune system has produced antibodies against the herpes virus. Results take several days and only tell that you have been exposed to the virus at some point. A positive test for HSV-2 probably indicates that you have the infection.


Question: Where can you get tested for genital herpes?

Answer: But it's much better to be able to understand your test results in the context of regular medical care. Talk with your doctor about herpes testing. Many areas also have state or county public health clinics that may offer tests at a lower cost.


Question: Should pregnant women be tested for herpes?

Answer: And if a woman is going to have a baby, she should know whether she has genital herpes. It's rare for a mother to give herpes to her newborn -- unless it is a new infection or she is having an outbreak of genital herpes during delivery.


Question: Are moles related to your melanoma risk?

Answer: If you have a parent or sibling that's had melanoma, your odds of developing it increase, too.


Question: How can warm climate or high elevation cause skin cancer?

Answer: If you live in a warm climate, or high elevation, you're exposed to higher amounts of UV radiation from the sun, which can make your odds of melanoma go up.


Question: Does your skin color affect your risk of getting skin cancer?

Answer: The less pigment you have in your skin, the less protection your cells have against dangerous UV rays. Nonmelanoma is rare if your skin is dark, but you can still get melanoma.


Question: How often should you be tested for high triglycerides?

Answer: Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years. Children should have it done at least once between the ages of 9 and 11, and one more between 17 and 21. If you're making changes to your diet or taking a medication for high cholesterol or triglycerides, experts advise you to get a lipid profile afterward.


Question: What do triglycerides results mean?

Answer: Your triglyceride levels are measured in one of two ways: milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or millimoles per liter (mmol/ L). Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years.


Question: How can migraines cause tinnitus?

Answer: But they also can have ear-related symptoms like fullness, muffled hearing, and tinnitus.


Question: How can head or neck injuries cause tinnitus?

Answer: Either can cause problems with your nerves, blood flow, and muscles. That can lead to tinnitus, which often comes with headaches and memory issues when it's linked to head or neck trauma.


Question: How can colds or ear infections cause tinnitus?

Answer: Congestion, along with ear and sinus infections, can cause pressure to build up in your inner ear. The same thing can happen if you have too much ear wax. That pressure can cause tinnitus. Treating the cause should ease your symptoms.


Question: What are movement symptoms of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: The exact symptoms depend on which part of your brain is affected. Movement symptoms: Clumsiness Walking unsteadily Talking more slowly than usual, or slurring your words Difficulty swallowing Involuntary movement of arms or legs Cramped muscles Stiff arms and legs (called spasticity) Tremors, muscle stiffness, lack of facial expression Psychiatric symptoms: Poor concentration Lapses in memory Mood changes Psychosis, or being out of touch with reality Dementia Other symptoms: â¢ Tiredness â¢ Migraines â¢ Seizures â¢ Vertigo, or dizziness â¢ Not being able to control when you urinate (called urinary incontinence) â¢ Impotence There is no one test for the condition.


Question: What are treatments for basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: There is no cure, but there is treatment for the symptoms. For example, if you have seizures, certain anti-epileptic medicines can help. Or if you have migraines, you can take medicine to both prevent and treat them.


Question: What are psychiatric symptoms of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: The exact symptoms depend on which part of your brain is affected. Movement symptoms: Clumsiness Walking unsteadily Talking more slowly than usual, or slurring your words Difficulty swallowing Involuntary movement of arms or legs Cramped muscles Stiff arms and legs (called spasticity) Tremors, muscle stiffness, lack of facial expression Psychiatric symptoms: Poor concentration Lapses in memory Mood changes Psychosis, or being out of touch with reality Dementia Other symptoms: â¢ Tiredness â¢ Migraines â¢ Seizures â¢ Vertigo, or dizziness â¢ Not being able to control when you urinate (called urinary incontinence) â¢ Impotence There is no one test for the condition.


Question: How can genetic testing help in the diagnosis of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: If one of your parents has it, you have a 50% chance of having it as well. If the condition runs in your family, you can get your genes tested whether you have symptoms or not. Consider genetic counseling from a professional before you have any genetic test. Counselors can also help you decide whether to have testing during your pregnancy, or prenatal testing, if you want to start a family.


Question: What causes basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: Basal ganglia calcification sometimes happens when you age, but many times comes from genes passed to you by your parents. You only need one faulty gene from one parent to get the illness. Your parents may have symptoms of it, but sometimes they don't. Calcium build-up in your basal ganglia can also happen because of infection, problems with your parathyroid gland, and for other reasons.


Question: What are antipsychotic medications?

Answer: Antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotic medications can be used during acute treatment of mania, especially to manage delusions or hallucinations. Some medicines in this family also have become standard first-line treatments for acute bipolar depression.


Question: Does vasectomy protect against STDs?

Answer: You'll still want to use a male condom for the best protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.


Question: Does a vasectomy make prostate cancer more likely?

Answer: The research on this is mixed. The American Cancer Society says that some studies have suggested that men who have vasectomies may be slightly more likely than other men to get prostate cancer, but other studies haven't found such a link. The most current findings show that a vasectomy does not raise a man's risk of getting prostate cancer and that this concern should not be a reason to avoid having one.


Question: When can a man have sex after a vasectomy?

Answer: Use birth control until you get a test that shows that your semen is free of sperm. You can get this test once you've had 10-20 ejaculations after the vasectomy. If the results show there's still sperm in your semen, the doctor will ask you to come back later to take the test again. That's the only way to know if you're in the clear.


Question: What is the difference between strawberry tongue and glossitis?

Answer: A tongue condition that's a lot like strawberry tongue is glossitis. It makes your tongue swollen and red but not bumpy. Like strawberry tongue, glossitis can show up as a side effect of different conditions. Both can be a sign of low B12, but glossitis is most likely a symptom of something that's not related to strawberry tongue.


Question: What causes strawberry tongue?

Answer: Toxic shock syndrome ( TSS): It's rare, but this can sometimes cause strawberry tongue.


Question: How can staying slim affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Another reason to lose weight: You'll respond better to heartburn medications.


Question: How is endoscopic treatment used for chronic heartburn?

Answer: The goal of this treatment is the same as surgery. But instead, your doctor puts a thin tube called an endoscope down your throat and into your esophagus. He then use stitches or heat to create scar tissue to tighten the sphincter and stop stomach acid from leaking. Newer treatments involve using implants (almost like a retaining wall) to keep acid from seeping out of the stomach. There's not a lot of information yet on how safe they are or how well they work in the long run.


Question: How can limiting alcohol affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Alcohol can relax the muscles around the lower end of your esophogas, making it easier for acid to bubble up.


Question: How can wearing loose clothing affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Tight clothing, including belts, can cause stomach contents to push upward.


Question: Which foods trigger chronic heartburn?

Answer: For many people, these are spicy and high-fat foods, chocolate, peppermint and other mints, coffee, citrus fruits or juices, tomato products, carbonated drinks, and onions.


Question: How can eating several small meals during the day affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Your stomach produces acid based on how much food you eat. Less food means less acid. Don't overload your stomach.


Question: How can relaxing affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Alcohol can relax the muscles around the lower end of your esophogas, making it easier for acid to bubble up.


Question: How can cigarettes affect chronic heartburn?

Answer: Smoking causes your body to make less saliva, a liquid that helps stamp out stomach acid. That can lead to burning in your esophagus. Tobacco may also cause your stomach to make more acid and relax the muscles at the lower end of your esophogas that can shut down the opening between the stomach and the esophagus. Chewing gum and sucking on lozenges can help you make more saliva.


Question: When is surgery needed to treat chronic heartburn?

Answer: The most common surgery for extreme heartburn is fundoplication. The surgeon wraps the top of your stomach around the bottom of your esophagus to strengthen it and help keep the acid where it belongs. This often can be done laparoscopically -- it involves only a small cut and typically lets you go home in 3 days or less.


Question: How might reflexology help if you have B-cell lymphoma?

Answer: A trained therapist puts pressure on specific points, sometimes with the help of rubber balls, rubber bands, and pieces of wood to help you relax, relieve pain, and increase your circulation.


Question: What is an integrative medicine strategy for B-cell lymphoma?

Answer: It's a strategy that looks at all of your health needs -- physical and emotional -- and comes up with a tailored plan that treats your cancer and manages symptoms and side effects, too. You'll get advice on how to use complementary therapies in addition to standard treatments, not in place of them. Your plan might include things like an exercise routine, traditional Chinese medicine, massage, or meditation. The goal is to soothe your spirit along with healing your body.


Question: How can nutrition counseling help with treating B-cell lymphoma?

Answer: Your cancer treatment may curb your appetite and sap your energy. Choosing the right foods can help you feel better, stronger, and more energetic. Ask your doctor if nutrition counseling is available at your cancer center. If not, he can refer you to a dietitian who has experience working with lymphoma patients.


Question: How can exercise help with treating B-cell lymphoma?

Answer: Some physical activities you might try are walking, swimming, or strength training. Before you start an exercise routine, check with your doctor to find out if there are certain activities you should avoid. He may suggest you meet with a physical therapist, who can set up an exercise plan that's tailored to your needs.


Question: How does warfarin (Coumadin) treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Warfarin ( Coumadin) thins your blood to keep clots from building up, which can make PAH worse. But it can also make you bruise and bleed easily.


Question: How does oxygen therapy treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: You breathe it through a face mask or prongs that fit in your nose. It's especially helpful for people who also have sleep apnea or who live at high altitudes. Some people with PAH eventually need oxygen therapy around the clock.


Question: How do calcium channel blockers treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: These work in a few ways. Some let blood flow more easily through the arteries in your lungs, and others help your heart and lungs work better. You can take them as pills, medicines that you breathe in, or drugs you get through an IV. Calcium channel blockers are drugs that lower your blood pressure by relaxing the muscles that control the arteries. Before your doctor prescribes these pills, she'll see how well they work on your blood vessels during a procedure called a vasodilator test. If it seems that they can help you, you'll take your first doses in the hospital so your care team can figure out a safe dose.


Question: How does atrial septostomy treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: If you have severe PAH or medications don't help your symptoms, your doctor may recommend one of two types of operations: Atrial septostomy: A surgeon makes an opening between the upper chambers of the left and right sides of your heart to lower the pressure on one side. This procedure can have serious side effects, so doctors don't often recommend it.


Question: How do diuretics treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Medicines that keep excess fluid out of the body, called diuretics, can make the heart and lungs work better and ease the symptoms of PAH. You usually take these pills once or twice a day. You may need regular blood tests if you take diuretics to prevent dehydration, low blood pressure, chemical imbalances in the blood, and kidney problems.


Question: How does digoxin treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Digoxin is a daily pill that helps the heart beat more strongly, which can help if the cause of your PAH is heart failure or an irregular heart rhythm. The challenge of this drug is to get the right dose. If you have too much, you could have side effects like nausea, changes in vision, and irregular heartbeats.


Question: Should I get a lung and heart transplant for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Lung and heart transplants: Doctors recommend them for people who have tried drugs to treat their disease without success and whose condition is getting worse. The people who get lung or heart-lung transplants most often are those who have a severe lung disease that's causing their PAH. A transplant can improve your life, but it's serious surgery. It can take several months to recover completely. Though you may not need PAH medications, you'll need to take drugs to keep your body from rejecting the new organs, probably for the rest of your life. You'll want to talk to your doctor about the balance of benefits and risks before you go ahead with this treatment.


Question: How can you prevent atrial fibrillation (AFib) complications?

Answer: A few healthy habits can help you avoid the other health problems that AFib can cause. Eat a heart- and brain-healthy diet. Limit salt, and saturated and trans fats. Make fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein the majority of your diet. Exercise on most days of the week. Ask your doctor to recommend a fitness plan that's safe for your heart. Manage blood pressure and cholesterol with diet, exercise, and medicine if you need it. If you smoke, ask your doctor for advice on how to quit. Limit alcohol and caffeine.


Question: How can atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause cardiomyopathy?

Answer: AFib makes the ventricles beat faster to push blood out of the heart. Beating too fast for a long time can make the heart muscle too weak to pump enough blood to your body. This is called cardiomyopathy. Medicines for AFib like beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers slow your heart rate. These drugs can help prevent cardiomyopathy.


Question: How can atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause strokes?

Answer: That means blood can pool inside the heart. Clumps of blood called clots can form there, too. A clot that forms in the atria can travel to the brain. If it gets stuck in an artery, it can block blood flow and cause a stroke.


Question: How can atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause fatigue?

Answer: Your body needs a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood to work properly. When your heart can't pump enough, you'll feel tired. If fluid builds up in your lungs because of heart failure, that can add to your exhaustion.


Question: What can lower your chances of getting heart failure?

Answer: To lower your chances of getting heart failure, manage these four key things: Keep your blood pressure in a normal range. Stay at a healthy weight with diet and exercise. Don't smoke. Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.


Question: How do I know if my child's pediatrician is qualified to diagnose ADHD?

Answer: Ask if he or she has experience in diagnosing ADHD. Some pediatricians take additional coursework to become familiar with diagnosing the disorder and its medical management. Some do a fellowship specializing in ADHD and learning disabilities.


Question: What should I expect from an ADHD evaluation?

Answer: The therapist should learn as much as possible about your child's behavior. They will talk with you, your child, your child's teachers, and perhaps also with other adults such as tutors or coaches who are part of your child's life. They should also ask you and your child's teachers to fill out standardized evaluation forms. If possible, they may also observe your child in their classroom.


Question: Is depression or anxiety common in children with ADHD and what can be done?

Answer: Some children diagnosed with ADHD may also be experiencing depression or anxiety. In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What should you expect in an ADHD evaluation?

Answer: The therapist should learn as much as possible about your child's behavior. They will talk with you, your child, your child's teachers, and perhaps also with other adults such as tutors or coaches who are part of your child's life. They should also ask you and your child's teachers to fill out standardized evaluation forms. If possible, they may also observe your child in their classroom. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam. If the process leads to an ADHD diagnosis, it should include the specific type of ADHD and help you develop a treatment plan to address the symptoms.


Question: What can you do if you suspect your child has ADHD?

Answer: If you are considering having your child evaluated for ADHD or are waiting for an appointment to start the diagnostic process, there are several things you can do in the meantime to help him or her now: Establish a schedule. Make sure your child has the same routine every day. The schedule should include homework time and playtime. Post this schedule in a prominent place in your home. Be clear about expectations. Make sure your child knows what you expect, and be consistent with consequences if those expectations are not met. At the same time, be quick to reward your child when he or she meets expectations. Praise and be positive. Rather than nag and criticize your child, make a point of praising positive behaviors. Help your child organize everyday items. Work with your child to have a place for everything. This includes clothing, backpacks, and school supplies. Jog your child's memory. The same system you use to remember tasks or appointments -- a watch alarm, lists, sticky notes, or a calendar -- may work for your child. Help him find a system that helps him remember appointments, chores, school assignments, and so on. Model good behavior. When you're with your child, manage your own emotions the way you want him to control his.


Question: What records are necessary for diagnosing ADHD?

Answer: This person's first task will be to put together information -- from you, your child's school and your child's medical records. This information will help rule out other causes of your child's behavior.


Question: Who should I go to for ADHD diagnosis if my pediatrician isn't familiar with it?

Answer: If your pediatrician isn't familiar with diagnosing ADHD, he or she can probably refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist who has that experience. If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone.


Question: What should I expect to be included in an ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: If the process leads to an ADHD diagnosis, it should include the specific type of ADHD and help you develop a treatment plan to address the symptoms.


Question: What causes overflow incontinence?

Answer: Unlike other types of incontinence, overflow incontinence is more common in men than women. The most common cause in men is an enlarged prostate, which impedes the flow of urine out of the bladder. Other possible causes of overflow incontinence include: Blockages of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body) from tumors, urinary stones, scar tissue, swelling from infection, or kinks caused by dropping of the bladder within the abdomen Weak bladder muscles, which are unable to squeeze the bladder empty Injury of nerves that affect the bladder Nerve damage from diseases such as diabetes, alcoholism, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or spina bifida Medications, including some anticonvulsants and antidepressants, that affect nerve signals to the bladder If you have problems with incontinence, it's important to speak with your doctor.


Question: How can I choose the correct holistic care for cancer?

Answer: If you're considering a diet, treatment, or supplement that isn't mainstream, tell your doctor. He knows your condition and what medicines you take. This is the best way to make sure you stay safe. Just because something is labeled natural doesn't mean it's good for you. Keep these questions in mind as you research options: Does the treatment claim to cure cancer? ( Steer clear of any that do.) Do doctors or cancer care experts recommend the treatment? Has it been proven in human studies? Is the method widely used? ( If it works and it's safe, it should be.) What are the potential side effects and drug interactions?


Question: What are the benefits of a holistic care approach to cancer?

Answer: Medical treatments like chemo and radiation are proven to fight the disease, but their side effects can be hard to live with. A holistic treatment may help ease some of these problems and improve your well-being, too. However, holistic care has its limits.


Question: How can exercise help cancer?

Answer: Exercise: Gentle movement can help relieve extreme tiredness and stress, and help you sleep better. Studies suggest a regular exercise program may even help people with cancer live longer.


Question: How can mind-body techniques help cancer?

Answer: Mind-body techniques: Research shows your mental state can affect your health. Techniques like meditation, hypnosis, and guided imagery can help you relax and focus on something besides your pain. They may also ease medication side effects.


Question: What are the problems with holistic care for cancer?

Answer: There are other problems with holistic care: Some methods are simply bad for you, despite impressive health claims. Diets that claim to cure cancer are unproven, expensive, and potentially harmful. Certain supplements, like antioxidants and St. John's wort, can stop your cancer treatment from working like it should.


Question: Are there remissions and flare-ups of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Typically, there are periods when the symptoms of JRA are better or disappear ("remissions") and times when symptoms are worse ("flare-ups"). The condition is different in each child. Some may have just one or two flare-ups and never have symptoms again. Others get many flare-ups or have symptoms that never go away.


Question: Will pain from rheumatoid arthritis limit my joint movement?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. Many children, especially younger ones, don't complain of pain.


Question: Is eye inflammation a complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Eye inflammation is a potentially severe complication that sometimes happens in children with another type of JRA called âpauciarticular JRA.â Eye diseases such as iritis and uveitis usually don't happen for a while after a child first gets JRA.


Question: What areas of the body does juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) commonly affect?

Answer: JRA commonly affects the knees and joints in the hands and feet. One of the earliest warning signs of the disease is limping in the morning because of a stiff knee.


Question: Is it healthy for people with diabetes to swap meals for meal replacement bars?

Answer: Losing weight can help, and meal replacement bars may seem like an easy way to slim down. Many meal replacement products are aimed at athletes. So they can be high in calories. Others contain ingredients like sugar alcohols (sorbitol and mannitol, for example), which can cause stomach trouble. Occasionally, munching on a bar for breakfast when you're pressed for time is OK as long as you pay attention to the nutrition info. But it's smarter to stick with real meals or calorie-restricted bars that are complete meals and nutritionally balanced .


Question: Is it healthy for people with diabetes to buy "sugar-free" foods?

Answer: The supermarket is full of things that appear to be diabetes-friendly because they don't have added sugar. But many have sugar substitutes that contain carbs. That means they could send your blood sugar levels soaring. Before you put something in your cart, check the nutrition facts to see how many grams of carbs are in each serving and how much sugar is added.


Question: Can people with diabetes drink diet soda?

Answer: It may be calorie-free, carbohydrate-free, and sugar-free, but you can still overdo it. One study found that overweight people who rely on diet soda end up taking in more calories from food. Why? Diet-drink lovers may think they're "saving" calories on drinks and can afford to splurge on food. Artificial sweeteners also confuse your body because they taste sweet but don't provide calories. If you're craving a cola once in a while, it's fine to treat yourself.


Question: Is it healthy for people with diabetes to avoid all high-fat foods?

Answer: A little fat is good for you, assuming you choose the right kinds. You should limit saturated fats (found in meat and dairy products) and avoid trans fats completely. But monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are healthy. In fact, certain high-fat foods seem to help people who have diabetes. Eating nuts along with higher-carb foods may prevent blood sugar levels from going up too sharply. Other studies have shown that people who eat avocados are less likely to get metabolic syndrome. That's a cluster of symptoms that includes high blood sugar. Just remember to keep portion sizes small.


Question: How should you load up on vitamins and supplements to manage type 2 diabetes?

Answer: A diet with lots of fruits and vegetables should give you all the nutrients you need. A multivitamin may help fill in the gaps, but it still can't match the real thing -- food. Some people take supplements like cinnamon or chromium to try to keep their blood sugar levels stable. It's unclear whether these work. If you choose to try them -- or any supplement -- tell your doctor. He can make sure it's safe for you and won't interact with any medication you're taking.


Question: How can you avoid high-fat foods if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: A little fat is good for you, assuming you choose the right kinds. You should limit saturated fats (found in meat and dairy products) and avoid trans fats completely. But monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are healthy. In fact, certain high-fat foods seem to help people who have diabetes. Eating nuts along with higher-carb foods may prevent blood sugar levels from going up too sharply. Other studies have shown that people who eat avocados are less likely to get metabolic syndrome. That's a cluster of symptoms that includes high blood sugar. Just remember to keep portion sizes small. The calories can add up quickly.


Question: Is it healthy for people with diabetes to drink juice?

Answer: Natural doesn't always mean healthy. One cup of apple juice, for example, has 25 grams of sugar and just 0.5 grams of fiber. An apple, on the other hand, has less sugar (19 grams) and more fiber (4.5 grams). It will satisfy you longer and help stabilize your blood sugar. What's more, a study found that drinking juice every day can raise the risk of getting diabetes.


Question: How should you swap meals for meal replacement bars to manage type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Losing weight can help, and meal replacement bars may seem like an easy way to slim down. Many meal replacement products are aimed at athletes. So they can be high in calories. Others contain ingredients like sugar alcohols (sorbitol and mannitol, for example), which can cause stomach trouble. Occasionally, munching on a bar for breakfast when you're pressed for time is OK as long as you pay attention to the nutrition info. But it's smarter to stick with real meals or calorie-restricted bars that are complete meals and nutritionally balanced .


Question: How should you buy sugar-free foods to manage type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The supermarket is full of things that appear to be diabetes-friendly because they don't have added sugar. But many have sugar substitutes that contain carbs. That means they could send your blood sugar levels soaring. Before you put something in your cart, check the nutrition facts to see how many grams of carbs are in each serving and how much sugar is added.


Question: How can sclerotherapy help with treating varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Spider veins cannot be removed through surgery. Sometimes, they disappear when the larger varicose veins feeding the spider veins are removed. Remaining spider veins also can be treated with sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy uses a fine needle to inject a solution directly into the vein. This solution irritates the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and the blood to clot. The vein turns into scar tissue that fades from view. Some doctors treat both varicose and spider veins with sclerotherapy. Today, the substances most commonly used in the U. S. are hypertonic saline, sodium tetradecyl sulfate ( Sotradecol) and aethoxysklerol/ Asclera ( Polidocanol).


Question: What causes varicose veins and spider veins?

Answer: In some instances, the absence or weakness of valves in the veins, which prevent the backward flow of blood away from the heart, may cause the poor circulation. In other cases, weaknesses in the vein walls may cause the pooling of the blood. Less commonly, varicose veins are caused by such diseases as phlebitis (inflammation of the veins) or congenital abnormalities of the veins.


Question: When should I call 911 for my child's migraine?

Answer: You can't wake up the child. The child has slurred speech, confusion, weakness in limbs, or trouble walking. The headache is the worst the child's ever had.


Question: What can someone do when a migraine hits?

Answer: Know what to do when a migraine hits: If you can, lie down in a dark, quiet, cool room. If you can't lie down, try to go somewhere that you can at least turn out the lights. Have hot or cold compresses on hand. Use them on your head or neck. Choose the temperature and place that feels best to you. Put gentle pressure on painful areas of your temples and scalp. Try light massage if it feels good. Don't do anything that hurts. Drink coffee or soda. A small amount of caffeine can ease the ache early on when a headache starts. If you pair it with an over-the-counter painkiller, it can help the medicine work better.


Question: What are analgesics used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: â¢ increased risk of heart attack and stroke Abdominal cramps, diarrhea â¢ Dizziness or drowsiness â¢ Heartburn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, ulcer, or bleeding â¢ Increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and stroke Greater risk of complications for people with cardiovascular disease Analgesics reduce pain but they do not reduce swelling or joint damage. There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription analgesics. Narcotics are the most powerful type of analgesic. Use these carefully and be sure to let your doctor know if you have any history of alcoholism or drug abuse.


Question: Can biologic response modifiers cure rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These RA medications can't cure rheumatoid arthritis. If the drugs are stopped, symptoms may return. But just as with other DMARDs, biologic response modifiers may slow the progression of the disease or help put it into remission. If your doctor prescribes one of these RA drugs, you will likely take it in combination with methotrexate. Biologic response modifiers are taken by injection and/or by IV and are expensive. Their long-term effects are unknown. NOTE: Before taking biologics, it's important to get appropriate vaccinations and to be tested for tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C. Examples of biologic response modifiers: Name Brand Name Precautions Potential Side Effects abatacept Orencia â¢ Tell your doctor if you have a serious infection, such as pneumonia or COPD.


Question: What approach do most doctors use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They started first with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen. Then, they progressed to more potent RA drugs for people who showed signs of joint damage. Today, doctors know that an aggressive approach is often more effective; it will result in fewer symptoms, better function, less joint damage, and decreased disability. The goal, if possible, is to put the disease into remission.


Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you've been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, your doctor may recommend that you begin treatment with one of several types of DMARDs within a few months of diagnosis. One of the most important drugs in the arsenal for treating rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs can often slow or stop the progression of RA by interrupting the immune process that promotes inflammation. However, they may take up to six months to be fully effective. DMARDs have greatly improved the quality of life for many people with rheumatoid arthritis. These RA drugs are often used along with NSAIDs or glucocorticoids; however, with this type of medication, you may not need other anti-inflammatories or analgesics.


Question: What analgesics are used for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription analgesics. Narcotics are the most powerful type of analgesic. Use these carefully and be sure to let your doctor know if you have any history of alcoholism or drug abuse.


Question: What are the risks of using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Because DMARDs target the immune system, they also can weaken the immune system's ability to fight infections. This means you must be watchful for early signs of infection. In some cases, you may also need regular blood tests to make sure the drug is not hurting blood cells or certain organs such as your liver, lungs, or kidneys.


Question: What is the role of arthritis medications in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Arthritis medications play an essential role in controlling the progression and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Starting treatment soon after diagnosis is most effective. And the best medical care combines rheumatoid arthritis medications and other approaches.


Question: When should you use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: As with glucocorticoids, you should use them for brief periods -- they can cause severe digestive tract problems. Which type, if any, your doctor prescribes may depend upon your medical history. If you have a history of liver, kidney, heart problems or stomach ulcers, it's best to not take these drugs. Ask your doctor whether any new NSAIDS producing fewer side effects are available.


Question: How do glucocorticoids help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: â¢ Upper respiratory tract infection â¢ Headache â¢ Diarrhea â¢ Inflammation of the nasal passage and the upper part of the throat Glucocorticoids are steroids. They are strong anti-inflammatory drugs that can also block other immune responses. These rheumatoid arthritis medications help relieve symptoms and may stop or slow joint damage. You receive these RA drugs by pill, or by injection.


Question: What medications are used for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You may take rheumatoid arthritis medications alone, but they are often most effective in combination. These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: When should you use glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Because of the risk of side effects, you should only use these RA drugs for brief periods, for example, when disease flares up or until DMARDs reach their full effectiveness. If your side effects are severe, don't stop taking the drug suddenly. Talk first with your doctor about what to do.


Question: What should be noted before taking biologic response modifiers for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: NOTE: Before taking biologics, it's important to get appropriate vaccinations and to be tested for tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C. Examples of biologic response modifiers: Name Brand Name Precautions Potential Side Effects abatacept Orencia â¢ Tell your doctor if you have a serious infection, such as pneumonia or COPD.


Question: How do analgesics help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: â¢ increased risk of heart attack and stroke Abdominal cramps, diarrhea â¢ Dizziness or drowsiness â¢ Heartburn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, ulcer, or bleeding â¢ Increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and stroke Greater risk of complications for people with cardiovascular disease Analgesics reduce pain but they do not reduce swelling or joint damage.


Question: What are common symptoms of eosinophilic asthma?

Answer: Common symptoms of eosinophilic asthma include: Blocked airways Coughing Tightness in the chest Shortness of breath or hard time breathing Wheezing While these symptoms are the same as other kinds of asthma, they tend to be more constant and severe with eosinophilic asthma. You're also likely to have more frequent asthma attacks, which tend to be more dangerous, too.


Question: How common is lung cancer and what causes it?

Answer: More than four out of every five cases of lung cancer are associated with cigarette smoking.


Question: What causes ptosis?

Answer: You can get it several ways. Sometimes, babies are born with it. You could get ptosis as an adult when the nerves that control your eyelid muscles are damaged. It might follow an injury or disease that weakens the muscles and ligaments that raise your eyelids. Sometimes, it comes with age. The skin and muscles around your eyes get weaker. Surgery -- like LASIK or cataract surgery -- can stretch your eyelid. An eye tumor can cause ptosis, too.


Question: How do I manage ptosis?

Answer: Ptosis can cause problems when you drive, read, or even walk up and down stairs. If that happens, go to your doctor. Treat any other eye issues that could cause more problems. Think about surgery if your doctor suggests it for vision loss caused by ptosis.


Question: What are the side effects of muscle relaxants?

Answer: No matter what kind of muscle relaxer you take, you'll experience one or more side effects. Some muscle relaxants, however, can have potentially serious side effects, like liver damage. Your doctor will work with you to find the medication that makes the most sense for your situation. The most common side effects include: Tiredness, drowsiness, or sedation effect Fatigue or weakness Dizziness Dry mouth Depression Decreased blood pressure You shouldn't drink alcohol while taking muscle relaxants.


Question: What infections can be identified on a throat culture?

Answer: Some of the infections that can be identified on a throat culture are: Strep throat Scarlet and rheumatic fever Gonorrhea (gonococcal pharyngitis) Thrush Diphtheria Pertussis You'll be asked to tilt your head back slightly, open your mouth, and say â Ahhhh.â Your doctor will quickly and gently move a cotton swab around the tonsil area in the back of your mouth.


Question: How soon will you get results from a throat culture?

Answer: Results take about 2 to 5 days, because it takes a while for germs to grow in a lab. But if your doctor thinks you might have strep, he'll do a quick strep test during your visit. It will show results right away. If it shows you have strep, he'll give you an antibiotic that fights a wide range of germs. If the strep test is negative but your throat culture comes back positive for strep or another infection, your doctor's office will contact you and change your medication if they need to.


Question: How is a throat culture done?

Answer: Some of the infections that can be identified on a throat culture are: Strep throat Scarlet and rheumatic fever Gonorrhea (gonococcal pharyngitis) Thrush Diphtheria Pertussis You'll be asked to tilt your head back slightly, open your mouth, and say â Ahhhh.â Your doctor will quickly and gently move a cotton swab around the tonsil area in the back of your mouth. He'll place it in a germ-free container and send it to a lab for testing. There, doctors place the sample in a special container with other chemicals to make bacteria and fungi grow. The type of germs that grow, if any, shows your doctor what kind of infection you have. Then he'll decide what medicine will work best for you.


Question: How does a throat culture feel?

Answer: The test can be a little uncomfortable but only lasts a few seconds. You might feel like you have to gag when the doctor swabs your throat -- that's normal. But you'll have to stay still and keep your mouth open so he can get a good sample. If not, he might miss some germs, and you might not get the right medicine.


Question: Why is a throat culture done?

Answer: Your doctor will probably order this test if you or your child complain of a sore throat and he thinks something other than a virus is to blame.


Question: What illnesses can you get from mosquito bites?

Answer: There's no vaccine to prevent the virus.


Question: Are there apps for sleep?

Answer: Syncs with: Fitbit ( Flex, Force, One, Ultra, and Zip), Jawbone Up, Apple Health, and Withings Pulse People who don't get enough sleep are more likely to gain weight, studies show. Many fitness devices track sleep and can improve your sleep habits. If yours doesn't, you can use an app to sync with your device.


Question: What are workout apps for?

Answer: Syncs with: Body Media Fit and Fitbit ( Flex, Force, One, Ultra, and Zip) Also syncs with this scale: Fitbit Aria While your fitness tracker can record basic steps and miles, other apps help with exercises that are more specific. If you want to learn yoga or start a strength training routine, there are apps for that. Some apps let you plan runs, hikes, or bike rides, and then track your progress using the GPS on your phone.


Question: Can apps with food diaries help you lose weight?

Answer: Most people who lose weight and keep it off use food diaries. Just the act of logging what you eat inspires you to eat healthier. You'll take your weight loss efforts to a new level when you pair a food tracker with your fitness device.


Question: How do doctors test for thyroid cancer?

Answer: If you have any symptoms between checkups, such as a new nodule on the gland or a rapidly growing one, you should make an appointment to have your thyroid gland checked. Your doctor will do several tests to diagnose the source of the problem and decide on the best treatment.


Question: What else could a lump in your thyroid be?

Answer: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all. Your doctor will examine your thyroid during routine physical exams. If you have any symptoms between checkups, such as a new nodule on the gland or a rapidly growing one, you should make an appointment to have your thyroid gland checked. Your doctor will do several tests to diagnose the source of the problem and decide on the best treatment.


Question: What could a lump in the thyroid be other than cancer?

Answer: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.


Question: What are the side effects of digoxin?

Answer: If you have any of these, call your doctor right away: Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Changes in vision, such as: Flashes or flickering of light Sensitivity to light Seeing things larger or smaller than they are Blurring Color changes (especially a yellow or green tint to your vision) Halos or borders on objects Drowsiness Headache Confusion Depression Fatigue Muscle weakness Irregular heartbeat Slow heart rate These could mean your dose needs to be changed. Once you and your doctor have found the correct dose, you usually won't have side effects as long as you take digoxin exactly as prescribed.


Question: What is a normal pulse to maintain with digoxin?

Answer: While taking digoxin, your doctor may tell you to check your pulse every day. He'll tell you how fast your pulse should be. If it's slower than that, talk to your doctor about taking digoxin that day. Keep all your appointments with your medical team so they can keep track of how you react to the drug. Digoxin may cause drowsiness. Don't drive a car or use machinery until you discover how this medicine affects you.


Question: How does taking digoxin affect pregnancy?

Answer: Women on digoxin should tell their doctor if they are expecting or become pregnant. Digoxin is a pregnancy category " C" medicine, which means it's unknown if the drug has any effect on pregnancy. It should be given only if the benefit to you outweighs the potential risk to the baby. Digoxin can be passed to a nursing baby through breast milk. What this does is not clear. If you're a woman on digoxin who is planning to breastfeed, talk with your doctor.


Question: How does digoxin affect elderly people?

Answer: Those who do tend to have side effects more often.


Question: Why does someone need to take digoxin?

Answer: Digoxin is prescribed to treat: Heart failure Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) Usually once daily, especially for the elderly and those with kidney problems.


Question: Which over-the-counter medications can interfere with digoxin?

Answer: Check with your doctor before taking the following over-the-counter medications, as they can interfere with the effects of digoxin: Antacids Asthma drugs Cold medicine Cough or sinus medicine Laxatives Medicines for diarrhea Diet drugs Limit sodium to 2,000 milligrams per day. Talk to your doctor about how much potassium you should get.


Question: How should someone take digoxin?

Answer: Digoxin is prescribed to treat: Heart failure Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) Usually once daily, especially for the elderly and those with kidney problems. Try to take it at the same time every day. Follow the label directions on how often to take it. The time between doses and how long you take it will depend on your condition. You may have to take it for many years, possibly for the rest of your life.


Question: What are the two brands of digoxin?

Answer: Two common brands are Lanoxicaps and Lanoxin. A variety called digitoxin is sold under the brand name Crystodigin.


Question: What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff tear?

Answer: You can't always feel a torn rotator cuff. But in some cases, you might: Have trouble raising your arm Feel pain when you move your arm in certain ways or lie on it Have weakness in your shoulder Be unable to lift things like you normally do Hear clicking or popping when you move your arm See your doctor if you have any of these signs.


Question: What is a rotator cuff tear?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A rotator cuff tear is a common injury, especially in sports like baseball or tennis, or in jobs like painting or cleaning windows. It usually happens over time from normal wear and tear, or if you repeat the same arm motion over and over. But it also can happen suddenly if you fall on your arm or lift something heavy. Your rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize your shoulder joint and let you lift and rotate your arms. There are two kinds of rotator cuff tears. A partial tear is when one of the muscles that form the rotator cuff is frayed or damaged. The other is a complete tear. That's one that goes all the way through the tendon or pulls the tendon off the bone.


Question: What types of surgery are used for a rotator cuff tear?

Answer: There are three types of rotator cuff surgery: Arthroscopic: Your doctor will make a small cut in your shoulder then use an arthroscope -- a tube with a small camera and tiny instruments -- to fix the tear. This means your recovery time will likely be shorter than it would with another type of surgery. Open: Your doctor uses larger instruments to go in to the muscles of your shoulder and fix the tear. Mini- Open: This uses both arthroscopic and open methods. Your doctor starts with the arthroscope and finishes with larger instruments.


Question: How is a rotator cuff tear diagnosed?

Answer: To find out if you have a torn rotator cuff, your doctor will start with a history of the injury and a physical examination of the shoulder. During the exam, he'll check your range of motion and muscle strength. He'll also see what movements make your shoulder hurt. In addition, your doctor may use one of the following: MRI. This uses radio waves and a powerful magnet to make detailed pictures of your shoulder. X-rays to see if the top of your arm bone (humeral head) is pushing into your rotator cuff space. Ultrasound to see the soft tissues (tendons and muscles and the bursas) in your shoulder.


Question: Who is at risk for tinnitus?

Answer: Carpenters, pilots, rock musicians, street-repair workers, and landscapers are among those whose jobs put them at risk, as are people who work with chain saws, guns, or other loud devices or who repeatedly listen to loud music. A single exposure to a sudden extremely loud noise can also cause tinnitus.


Question: What conditions and illnesses can lead to tinnitus?

Answer: The natural aging process, which can cause deterioration of the cochlea or other parts of the ear Meniere's disease, which affects the inner part of the ear Otosclerosis, a disease that results in stiffening of the small bones in the middle ear Other medical conditions such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, circulatory problems, anemia, allergies, an underactive thyroid gland, autoimmune disease, and diabetes Neck or jaw problems, such as temporomandibular joint ( TMJ) syndrome Injuries to the head and neck Tinnitus can worsen in some people if they drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, drink caffeinated beverages, or eat certain foods.


Question: What are the different types of Burkitt lymphoma?

Answer: In the World Health Organization classification, there are three types of Burkitt lymphoma: Endemic ( African). Endemic Burkitt lymphoma primarily affects African children ages 4 to 7 and is twice as common in boys. Sporadic (non- African). Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma occurs worldwide. Globally, it accounts for 1% to 2% of adult lymphoma cases. In the U. S. and Western Europe, it accounts for up to 40% of pediatric lymphoma cases. Immunodeficiency-associated. This variant of Burkitt lymphoma is most common in people with HIV/ AIDS. It accounts for 30% to 40% of non- Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV patients and may be an AIDS-defining disease. It also can occur in people with congenital conditions that cause immune deficiency and in organ transplant patients who take immunosuppressive drugs.


Question: What are the symptoms of Burkitt lymphoma?

Answer: The symptoms of Burkitt lymphoma depend on the type. The endemic ( African) variant usually starts as tumors of the jaw or other facial bones. It also can affect the gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, and breasts and can spread to the central nervous system, causing nerve damage, weakness, and paralysis. The types more commonly seen in the U. S. -- sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated -- usually start in the bowel and form a bulky tumor mass in the abdomen, often with massive involvement of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. These variants also can start in the ovaries, testes, or other organs, and spread to the brain and spinal fluid. Other symptoms associated with Burkitt lymphoma include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Fatigue Night sweats Unexplained fever Because Burkitt lymphoma spreads so quickly, prompt diagnosis is essential.


Question: How can strength training benefit your diabetes?

Answer: For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: How should I schedule my strength training if I have diabetes?

Answer: When you get started, set yourself up for success with a moderate schedule. Do each move 10-15 times (one set) up to three times a week. Once you get used to that, you can gradually do more, until you're doing three sets of 10-15 repetitions up to three times a week.


Question: How can I start strength training if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you're not active now, check in with your doctor first. Ask if there are any moves you should avoid. It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise.


Question: Is strength training effective for people with diabetes?

Answer: For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin. ( Also doing aerobic exercise may be even better.) The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with type 2 diabetes start a strength training program to help with blood sugar control.


Question: What should you do when you get started with strength training if you have diabetes?

Answer: When you get started, set yourself up for success with a moderate schedule. Do each move 10-15 times (one set) up to three times a week. Once you get used to that, you can gradually do more, until you're doing three sets of 10-15 repetitions up to three times a week. Always warm up before you exercise. Brisk walking is a good way to do that. When you're done strength training, do a series of stretches, holding each stretch for 30 to 60 seconds, to end your workout.


Question: How can you get started with strength training to help with your diabetes?

Answer: It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise. Your strength training program should work your whole body two to three times a week. Set up your schedule so that you work different muscle groups on different days, or do a longer workout less often.


Question: Is it okay to strength train if I have diabetes as I age?

Answer: It's never too late to start. As you age, strength training (also called resistance training), can help you keep doing everyday activities such as walking, lifting things, and climbing stairs. Plus, it's good for your bones.


Question: Should I get regular checkups if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Even when you're on the upswing, it's important for you to have regular doctor visits and take your meds the way you have been. After all, they're working. You should see your doctor at least once a year to check on your RA. Keep up with your lab appointments, too. You need regular blood tests to see how you're doing and spot possible side effects of your treatment.


Question: How can you lose weight to help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Keep an eye on your scale. Extra pounds put stress on your joints. If you're overweight, your joints may get stiffer and more painful, and your flares can be worse. Eat a healthy, lower-calorie diet. Here's how: Fill half your plate with fruits and veggies. When you choose grains, pick whole grains at least half the time. For example, go for brown rice instead of white. Pick low-fat or fat-free versions when you have dairy. Eat healthy proteins like seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, and nuts.


Question: How can regular checkups help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Even when you're on the upswing, it's important for you to have regular doctor visits and take your meds the way you have been. After all, they're working. You should see your doctor at least once a year to check on your RA. Keep up with your lab appointments, too. You need regular blood tests to see how you're doing and spot possible side effects of your treatment.


Question: How can you stay active to help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: With your doctor's OK, get 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise -- the kind that gets your heart pumping -- on as many days of the week as you can. Avoid anything that puts a lot of stress on your joints, like running. Some good activities to try are: Walking Water aerobics Swimming Bicycling Do some strength training a couple of times each week to build up the muscles that support your joints. Stretch to make your body more flexible, too.


Question: Should I lose weight if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Extra pounds put stress on your joints. If you're overweight, your joints may get stiffer and more painful, and your flares can be worse.


Question: Do I need to stay active and fit with my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: With your doctor's OK, get 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise -- the kind that gets your heart pumping -- on as many days of the week as you can. Avoid anything that puts a lot of stress on your joints, like running. Some good activities to try are: Walking Water aerobics Swimming Bicycling Do some strength training a couple of times each week to build up the muscles that support your joints. Stretch to make your body more flexible, too. However, be careful not to overdo it.


Question: Should I worry about flare-ups of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you have rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), make sure you celebrate your good days. Don't worry about possible flares down the road. Move ahead with the things that keep you healthy.


Question: What are additional steps to prevent and/or treat osteoporosis related to hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: Additional steps you can take to prevent and/or treat osteoporosis include: Performing weight-bearing exercises Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements Not smoking Avoiding excessive drinking


Question: What are alternatives to hormone replacement therapy for protecting your bones from osteoporosis?

Answer: HRT is no longer recommended for treatment of osteoporosis due to its risks and available alternative options. Bisphosphonate medications are generally recommended to treat osteoporosis instead. Other medications that may be considered are teriparatide, denosumab, or selective estrogen receptor modulators ( SERMs). SERMs are a newer class of drugs, similar to estrogen, that protect against osteoporosis by increasing bone density, while also protecting against the development of breast cancer. Evista is a widely used SERM that has been shown to increase bone growth and density and reduce the risk of breast cancer.


Question: What are the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: Many studies have looked at the association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. The best evidence for the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy come from the Women's Health Initiative ( WHI), a large study involving more than 27,000 post-menopausal healthy women. The results published in July 2002 showed the risks of combined HRT with estrogen plus progestin outweigh the benefits. These risks included an increase in breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, and blood clots. Not only does combined HRT increase the risk of developing breast cancer, but it also increases the chances that the cancer will be discovered at a more advanced stage. This is due to its influence in reducing the effectiveness of mammography by creating denser breast tissue.


Question: What is the phase II of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Phase II clinical trials determine the effect of an experimental treatment on the particular disease or condition being evaluated. The best dosage is usually determined during this phase, as well.


Question: Who can participate in a clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Each study enrolls patients with certain conditions and symptoms. If you fit the guidelines for a trial, you may be able to participate. In some instances, you may be required to undergo certain tests to confirm your acceptability as a candidate.


Question: What is the phase IV of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Phase IV clinical trials apply the new treatment to general patient care. For example, a new drug that was found effective in a clinical trial may be used together with other effective drugs to treat the particular disease or condition in a select group of patients.


Question: What is the phase I of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: In a phase I clinical trial, the new arthritis treatment being investigated is given to a small number of participants. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment and how much of it can be given safely.


Question: When should mountain climbers be concerned about pulmonary edema?

Answer: Other causes include: A condition called ARDS, or acute respiratory distress syndrome Blood clots Exposure to ammonia, chlorine, or other toxins Inhaling smoke that contains certain chemicals Injury or trauma to the brain or nervous system Lung injury after removal of blood clots Near-drowning incidents Reaction to some drugs Viral infections Pulmonary edema also can be brought on from being in high altitudes, usually above 8,000 feet. Mountain climbers should get to lower ground and seek medical attention if they have: Chest discomfort Cough Cough with frothy spit that may have some blood in it Fast, irregular heartbeat Fever Headache Shortness of breath when they're active that gets worse over time Trouble walking uphill that leads to trouble walking on a flat surface To help the doctor find out what's going on, you may need to: Answer questions about your medical history Have a physical exam Get a chest X-ray so the doctor can study your heart and lungs Have heart tests to measure how well your heart beats Have a blood test to find out how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood If you're having trouble breathing, you'll get oxygen right away if your oxygen level is low.


Question: How is pulmonary edema treated?

Answer: Mountain climbers should get to lower ground and seek medical attention if they have: Chest discomfort Cough Cough with frothy spit that may have some blood in it Fast, irregular heartbeat Fever Headache Shortness of breath when they're active that gets worse over time Trouble walking uphill that leads to trouble walking on a flat surface To help the doctor find out what's going on, you may need to: Answer questions about your medical history Have a physical exam Get a chest X-ray so the doctor can study your heart and lungs Have heart tests to measure how well your heart beats Have a blood test to find out how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood If you're having trouble breathing, you'll get oxygen right away if your oxygen level is low. You may get it through a facemask, or with tubes put inside your nostrils. Your treatment will depend on what's causing your pulmonary edema. Whether it's your heart, medication, or an illness, your doctor will try to deal with the problem that brought it on. The doctor may prescribe medicine such as a diuretic to lower the pressure on your heart and lungs.


Question: What causes pulmonary edema?

Answer: You may: Be tired Gain weight rapidly (this may be a sign of fluid buildup and congestive heart failure) Have more breathing problems than usual during physical activity Have swollen legs and feet Have trouble breathing when lying down Wake up at night with a breathless feeling that gets better if you sit up Wheeze Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a problem with the heart. This is called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. In many cases, the left ventricle (one of the chambers of the heart) isn't able to pump out blood that enters through blood vessels coming from the lung. The poor pumping creates a buildup of pressure and fluid. Narrow arteries, heart muscle damage, heart valve problems, and high blood pressure are among the conditions that can weaken the left ventricle. Pulmonary edema isn't always related to heart problems.