Question: How can brain scans help diagnose depression in the elderly?

Answer: Additionally, the following risk factors for depression are often seen in the elderly: Certain medicines or combination of medicines Damage to body image (from amputation, cancer surgery, or heart attack) Family history of major depressive disorder Fear of death Living alone, social isolation Other illnesses Past suicide attempt(s) Presence of chronic or severe pain Previous history of depression Recent loss of a loved one Substance abuse Brain scans of people who develop their first depression in old age often reveal spots in the brain that may not be receiving adequate blood flow, believed to result from years of high blood pressure.


Question: How is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in treating depression in the elderly?

Answer: When older patients are unable to take traditional antidepressant medicines because of side effects or interactions with other medications, when depression is very severe and interferes with basic daily functioning (such as eating, bathing and grooming), or when risk for suicide is especially high, ECT is often a safe and effective treatment option.


Question: Why is depression common among the elderly?

Answer: In addition, advancing age is often accompanied by loss of social support systems due to the death of a spouse or siblings, retirement, or relocation of residence. Because of changes in an elderly person's circumstances and the fact that elderly people are expected to slow down, doctors and family may miss the signs of depression. As a result, effective treatment often gets delayed, forcing many elderly people to struggle unnecessarily with depression.


Question: Is depression different for the elderly?

Answer: In the elderly, depression often occurs with other medical illnesses and disabilities and lasts longer. Depression in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of cardiac diseases and an increased risk of death from illness. At the same time, depression reduces an elderly person's ability to rehabilitate. Studies of nursing home patients with physical illnesses have shown that the presence of depression substantially increases the likelihood of death from those illnesses. Depression also has been associated with increased risk of death following a heart attack.


Question: Is insomnia tied to depression in the elderly?

Answer: New studies reveal that insomnia is also a risk factor for depression onset and recurrence -- particularly in the elderly. To treat insomnia, experts sometimes recommend avoiding or minimizing exposure to benzodiazepines (such as Ativan, Klonopin or Xanax) or the newer "hypnotic" drugs (such as Ambien or Lunesta) that, according to the American Geriatric Society, pose an increased risk for impaired alertness, respiratory depression, and falls.


Question: Can depression be diagnosed in the elderly?

Answer: Doctors are encouraged to routinely screen for depression. This can happen during a visit for a chronic illness or at a wellness visit.


Question: What are hurdles that keep depression treatment from working for the elderly?

Answer: The stigma attached to mental illness and psychiatric treatment is even more powerful among the elderly than among younger people. This stigma can keep elderly people from acknowledging that they are depressed, even to themselves. Elderly people and their families sometimes also may wrongly misidentify depression symptoms as "normal" reactions to life stresses, losses, or the aging process.


Question: What is meconium?

Answer: Your baby's first poops are called meconium. It's a thick and sticky residue that is greenish-black in color. You should see it only in the first 3 days of your baby's life.


Question: What are questions to ask your doctor about B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: When your child is diagnosed with any kind of cancer, you're bound to have a lot of questions for your doctor, such as: What treatments will work best for my child's ALL? How long will it last? What are the chances that it will cure my child? What side effects might it cause? How long will these side effects last? What should I tell my child about the cancer and its treatment?


Question: What is CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: CAR T-cell therapy uses some of your own immune cells, known as T cells, to treat your cancer. Doctors take the cells out of your blood and change them by adding new genes. The new T cells can work better to find and kill cancer cells.


Question: What should you expect after treatment for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: After being cured, your child will still need to see the doctor often, to make sure the cancer doesn't come back. The doctor will also check for problems ALL treatments can cause, including damage to the heart and other types of cancers. Over time, your child will visit the doctor less often.


Question: What are symptoms of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: Children with B-cell ALL may: Bleed or bruise more easily than usual Feel very tired Get infections more often Lose their appetite Other symptoms include: Bone or joint pain Limping Fever Pale skin Red or purple spots called petechiae on the skin Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin If the cancer cells travel to your child's liver and spleen, these organs can grow large enough to make the belly swell. In some boys, the testicles can also grow larger.


Question: What is B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children. It affects certain cells in the immune system, called B cells and T cells. ALL usually affects B cells in children.


Question: What causes B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: Most of the time, doctors don't know what causes B-cell ALL in children. Some things make this disease more likely, including exposure to high doses of X-rays and other forms of radiation, or cancer treatment with chemotherapy. Children with certain genetic diseases, such as Down syndrome, are also more likely to get ALL.


Question: What are symptoms of a bristleworm sting?

Answer: The bristleworm bite or sting may cause the following symptoms: Inflammation Burning Swelling Numbness Redness Pain Treatment for a bristleworm bite or sting includes the following: Apply topical acetic acid (vinegar) or isopropyl alcohol.


Question: What are the symptoms of thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis)?

Answer: Also more likely to get it are adults who: Are being treated for cancer Take medications like corticosteroids and wide-spectrum antibiotics Wear dentures Have diabetes The symptoms include: White or yellow patches on the tongue, lips, gums, roof of mouth, and inner cheeks Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat Cracking at the corners of the mouth Pain when swallowing, if it spreads to the throat Thrush is treated with antifungal medicines like nystatin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole.


Question: What are the symptoms of invasive candidiasis?

Answer: The symptoms include fever and chills. Since it's likely a person with this infection is already sick with another condition, it can be hard to diagnose.


Question: How can I treat a genital yeast infection (genital candidiasis)?

Answer: Most times, an over-the-counter antifungal suppository, tablet, or cream will knock out the infection. Your doctor might also prescribe a single dose of a prescription antifungal medicine like fluconazole. Tell your doctor if you get yeast infections more than four times a year. She may recommend regular doses of antifungal medication over several months to fight the repeated infections.


Question: What are the symptoms of a genital yeast infection (genital candidiasis)?

Answer: The symptoms include: Extreme itchiness in the vagina Redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva (the outer part of the female genitals) Pain and burning when you pee Discomfort during sex A thick, white âcottage cheeseâ discharge from the vagina A man with a yeast infection may have an itchy rash on his penis. Because the symptoms in women can be similar to other infections like bacterial vaginosis (bacterial overgrowth in the vagina) and sexually transmitted diseases, it's important to visit your doctor.


Question: How can I prevent a diaper rash caused by a yeast infection?

Answer: Keeping your baby's bottom clean and dry is a good start to help prevent diaper rash and candidiasis.


Question: How is thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) treated?

Answer: Also more likely to get it are adults who: Are being treated for cancer Take medications like corticosteroids and wide-spectrum antibiotics Wear dentures Have diabetes The symptoms include: White or yellow patches on the tongue, lips, gums, roof of mouth, and inner cheeks Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat Cracking at the corners of the mouth Pain when swallowing, if it spreads to the throat Thrush is treated with antifungal medicines like nystatin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole. Rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine ( CHX) mouthwash may help prevent infections in people with weakened immune systems.


Question: How do I choose which type of exercise is best for me?

Answer: You don't need to go to a gym. You just need to be active enough that you are breathing harder and making your heart beat a little faster. That includes brisk walking, jogging, swimming, biking, lifting weights, or doing yard work. To pick an activity, two good questions to ask yourself are: What sounds like fun? Would you rather exercise in a group, or on your own?


Question: What are the basic types of exercise?

Answer: There are three basic types of exercise: Cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise can help lower your blood pressure and make your heart stronger. Examples include walking, jogging, jumping rope, bicycling (stationary or outdoor), cross-country skiing, skating, rowing, high- or low-impact aerobics, swimming, and water aerobics. Strength training builds strong muscles that help you burn more calories throughout the day. It's also good for your joints and bones. Stretching makes you more flexible, helps you move better, and helps prevent injury.


Question: How often should I exercise?

Answer: If you're short on time, vigorous activity, like jogging, gives you the same benefit in 20 minutes, 3 to 4 days a week. If you're not active today, gradually work up to this amount of exercise. If it takes you a few weeks to get there, that's absolutely fine.


Question: What is RxHope?

Answer: Rx Hope: A web-based resource where you can search by medication to locate assistance programs. They also offer help with the application process.


Question: Who gets rosacea?

Answer: For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: Have light skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes Are between ages 30 and 50 Are a woman Have family members with rosacea Had severe acne Smoke There isn't a cure for rosacea, but treatments can help you manage the redness, bumps, and other symptoms.


Question: What procedures treat rosacea?

Answer: Your doctor may also recommend some procedures to treat your rosacea, such as: Lasers that use intense light to get rid of blood vessels that have gotten bigger Dermabrasion, which sands off the top layer of skin Electrocautery, an electric current that zaps damaged blood vessels There's a lot you can do on your own.


Question: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed?

Answer: ( Most children can behave in those ways at some point or another, though.) Has a negative impact on the person's ability to function at home, in social environments, or at work. They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age.


Question: What does hyperactivity look like in toddlers and preschoolers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. For instance, they may have a hard time listening to a story.


Question: What does hyperactivity look like in kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: It may vary with age. You might be able to notice it in preschoolers. ADHD symptoms nearly always show up before middle school. Kids with hyperactivity may: Fidget and squirm when seated. Get up frequently to walk or run around. Run or climb a lot when it's not appropriate. ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still.


Question: What does inattention look like in someone with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: You might not notice it until a child goes to school. In adults, it may be easier to notice at work or in social situations. The person might procrastinate, not complete tasks like homework or chores, or frequently move from one uncompleted activity to another. They might also: Be disorganized Lack focus Have a hard time paying attention to details and a tendency to make careless mistakes. Their work might be messy and seem careless. Have trouble staying on topic while talking, not listening to others, and not following social rules Be forgetful about daily activities (for example, missing appointments, forgetting to bring lunch) Be easily distracted by things like trivial noises or events that are usually ignored by others.


Question: How can you know if someone has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: There are three groups of symptoms: Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity Get the facts on all of them, and learn examples of behaviors that can come with each.


Question: Do they symptoms of ADHD go away with age?

Answer: They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age. But inattention tends to last into adulthood.


Question: When is inattention usually noticed in someone with ADHD?

Answer: You might not notice it until a child goes to school. In adults, it may be easier to notice at work or in social situations.


Question: Does treatment help children with ADHD symptoms?

Answer: And a great many children with ADHD ultimately adjust. Some -- about 20% to 30% -- have learning problems that ADHD treatment may not help, though.


Question: What does hyperactivity look like in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: School-age children have similar habits, but you may notice those less often. They are unable to stay seated, squirm a lot, fidget, or talk a lot.


Question: How do kids with hyperactivity behave?

Answer: Kids with hyperactivity may: Fidget and squirm when seated. Get up frequently to walk or run around. Run or climb a lot when it's not appropriate. ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still.


Question: What does impulsivity look like in someone with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Symptoms of this include: Impatience Having a hard time waiting to talk or react The person might: Have a hard time waiting for their turn.


Question: What does hyperactivity look like in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: ( In teens this may seem like restlessness.) Have trouble playing quietly or doing quiet hobbies Always be "on the go" Talk excessively Toddlers and preschoolers with ADHD tend to be constantly in motion, jumping on furniture and having trouble participating in group activities that call for them to sit still. For instance, they may have a hard time listening to a story.


Question: What is the outlook for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: They also have to consistently display at least six of the above symptoms: For at least 6 months And in at least two settings, such as at home and in school Overall, hyperactivity tends to diminish with age. But inattention tends to last into adulthood. Treatment can help.


Question: When is hyperactivity usually noticed in someone with ADHD?

Answer: It may vary with age. You might be able to notice it in preschoolers.


Question: What are the signs that someone is inattentive and may have ADHD?

Answer: The person might procrastinate, not complete tasks like homework or chores, or frequently move from one uncompleted activity to another. They might also: Be disorganized Lack focus Have a hard time paying attention to details and a tendency to make careless mistakes. Their work might be messy and seem careless. Have trouble staying on topic while talking, not listening to others, and not following social rules Be forgetful about daily activities (for example, missing appointments, forgetting to bring lunch) Be easily distracted by things like trivial noises or events that are usually ignored by others.


Question: What is plaque and why is it harmful?

Answer: Plaque develops when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches), such as milk, soft drinks, raisins, cakes, or candy are frequently left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth thrive on these foods, producing acids as a result. Over a period of time, these acids destroy tooth enamel, resulting in tooth decay. Plaque can also develop on the tooth roots under the gum and cause breakdown of the bone supporting the tooth.


Question: What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Erectile dysfunction ( ED) means you can't get or keep an erection that's firm enough to have sex. But you may still be able to masturbate. It depends in part on what's causing your ED.


Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease bathe themselves?

Answer: Use a hand-held showerhead, rubber bath mat, grab bars, and a shower stool to prevent falls. If he has trouble getting in and out of the tub, try sponge baths. To help relax him during bathing, play calming music and tell him what you are doing each step of the way. Give him as much privacy as you can. Put a towel over his shoulders and lap. Clean under the towel with a washcloth or sponge. If she tends to get anxious and hitting is a problem, give her a washcloth to hold.


Question: How should I help a patient with Alzheimer's disease with activities.

Answer: Stay active. Take a walk together every day to keep muscles strong, boost mood, and help with sleep. If he can't get around well, he may be able to use a stationary bike or resistance bands. Playing word games, doing puzzles, talking about current events, or gardening can fuel thinking and memory. Listening to music (and playing "name that tune") can also bring back fond thoughts. Be sensitive -- if you sense he feels frustrated or upset by an activity, try something else.


Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease groom themselves?

Answer: Use this checklist to help you help him with daily care: Show him how to brush his teeth step by step, or brush yours at the same time. Try an angled, long-handled, or electric toothbrush if you're brushing for him. If a woman wants to wear makeup, encourage it. Help her with lipstick and powder, if she wants. Skip eye makeup if it seems too hard for her to tackle. To keep shaving safe, use an electric razor instead of one with a blade.


Question: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease dress themselves?

Answer: Make it easier for him to dress on his own. Lay out his clothes in the order he puts them on, or hand him one piece of clothing at a time. If he wants to wear the same clothes every day, don't fight it. Buy 3 or 4 sets of them. Make sure he has loose clothes that are easy to put on. Shorts and pants with elastic waistbands and slip-on shoes are good. Skip shoelaces, buttons, and buckles.


Question: How can I start exercising to maintain a healthy heart?

Answer: First, think about what you'd like to do and how fit you are. What sounds like fun? Would you rather work out on your own, with a trainer, or in a class? Do you want to exercise at home or at a gym? If you want to do something that's harder than what you can do right now, no problem. You can set a goal and build up to it. For example, if you want to run, you might start by walking and then add bursts of jogging into your walks. Gradually start running for longer than you walk. Don't forget to check in with your doctor. He'll make sure you're ready for whatever activity you have in mind and let you know about any limits on what you can do.


Question: What are tumors?

Answer: Tumors: Tumors are clumps of cells that grow abnormally from normal tissue. Some tumors in the brain are noncancerous, or benign. Others are cancerous. They may start in the brain, or they may spread from elsewhere in the body (metastatic). They may grow quickly or they may remain stable.


Question: How can I find out more about brain lesions?

Answer: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for lesions that are cancerous Medication to fight infections, such as antibiotics or other antimicrobial drugs Medication to calm the immune system or otherwise change the immune system's response Medication or other therapies to relieve symptoms associated with the brain lesion Brain lesions take many forms, so diagnosing and treating them can be complex. That's why it's important to discuss individual questions about brain lesions with your doctor. Together, you can determine the best way to proceed in identifying, treating, and living with brain lesions.


Question: What are brain abscesses?

Answer: Abscesses: Brain abscesses are areas of infection, including pus and inflamed tissue. They are not common, but they are life threatening. Brain abscesses often occur after an infection, usually in a nearby area, such as an ear, sinus, or dental infection. They can also appear after injury or surgery to the skull.


Question: What are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?

Answer: Arteriovenous malformations ( AVMs): An AVM is a type of brain lesion that occurs during early development. Arteries and veins in the brain grow in a tangle and become connected by tube-like structures called fistulae. The arteries are not as strong as normal arteries. The veins are often enlarge because of the constant flow of blood directly from the arteries through the fistulae to the veins. These fragile vessels may rupture, leaking blood into the brain. In addition, the brain tissue may not receive enough blood to function properly. Damage to the brain may cause seizures as the first symptoms of an AVM.


Question: What is a cerebral infarction?

Answer: Cerebral infarction: Infarction refers to death of tissue. A cerebral infarction, or stroke, is a brain lesion in which a cluster of brain cells die when they don't get enough blood.


Question: What is cerebral palsy?

Answer: Cerebral palsy : This type of brain lesion occurs when a baby is still in the mother's womb. Cerebral palsy does not progress over time. The brain lesions affect the child's ability to move, which can also make communication and related skills difficult. However, many children with cerebral palsy have normal intellectual functioning.


Question: What are brain lesions?

Answer: So a brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. While the definition sounds simple, understanding brain lesions can be complicated.


Question: How do I get relief from ice pick headaches?

Answer: Ice pick headaches may come and go quickly, so they're hard to treat. One medicine you might try to prevent an attack is indomethacin ( Indocin). It's a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It could cause side effects like nausea, stomach bleeding, heartburn, and eye or kidney problems. You'll need to get an annual eye exam to make sure your eyes are healthy if you take it.


Question: Should I keep a headache diary to help diagnose my ice pick headaches?

Answer: You may find that certain things can trigger this type of headache, like: Sudden movements Bright light Stress It's a good idea to keep a headache diary. Write down when you have an ice pick headache and what happened before it started. If you had a stressful day at work before it hit, write that down. You can also use a mobile phone app instead of a diary. Take this information to your next doctor's appointment so you can discuss ways to prevent these headaches. He may be able to suggest lifestyle changes, like relaxation, to reduce stress.


Question: What are ice pick headaches?

Answer: They usually last only a few seconds. They might happen in the same spot over and over again. Or, you could feel them in different places each time, such as on one temple and then the other. They can crop up at any time of day and even a few times a day. They may seem to come and go.


Question: What causes ice pick headaches?

Answer: But doctors do know they're not brought on by disease or injury. You may get them because something is wrong with the way your brain sends pain signals to your body.


Question: How do ice pick headaches happen?

Answer: They might happen in the same spot over and over again. Or, you could feel them in different places each time, such as on one temple and then the other. They can crop up at any time of day and even a few times a day. They may seem to come and go.


Question: How can you get relief from ice pick headaches?

Answer: Ice pick headaches may come and go quickly, so they're hard to treat. One medicine you might try to prevent an attack is indomethacin ( Indocin). It's a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It could cause side effects like nausea, stomach bleeding, heartburn, and eye or kidney problems. You'll need to get an annual eye exam to make sure your eyes are healthy if you take it.


Question: Who can get ice pick headaches?

Answer: You're more likely to get ice pick headaches if you're prone to migraines or cluster headaches.


Question: How can you track what triggers your ice pick headaches?

Answer: You may find that certain things can trigger this type of headache, like: Sudden movements Bright light Stress It's a good idea to keep a headache diary. Write down when you have an ice pick headache and what happened before it started. If you had a stressful day at work before it hit, write that down. You can also use a mobile phone app instead of a diary. Take this information to your next doctor's appointment so you can discuss ways to prevent these headaches. He may be able to suggest lifestyle changes, like relaxation, to reduce stress.


Question: What things commonly trigger ice pick headaches?

Answer: You may find that certain things can trigger this type of headache, like: Sudden movements Bright light Stress It's a good idea to keep a headache diary.


Question: What are the side effects and hazards of using human growth hormone (HGH)?

Answer: Possible side effects of HGH use include: Nerve, muscle, or joint pain Swelling due to fluid in the body's tissues (edema) Carpal tunnel syndrome Numbness and tingling of the skin High cholesterol levels HGH can also increase the risk of diabetes and contribute to the growth of cancerous tumors. Furthermore, if you get the drug illicitly, you may not know what you are really getting. Because of the high cost, HGH drugs have been counterfeited. If you are not getting HGH from your doctor, you may be getting an unapproved product. You should speak with your doctor before considering any form of HGH.


Question: What are approved uses of human growth hormone (HGH) in adults?

Answer: In children, HGH injections are approved for treating short stature of unknown cause as well as poor growth due to a number of medical causes, including: Turner's syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects a girl's development Prader- Willi syndrome, an uncommon genetic disorder causing poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones, and a constant feeling of hunger Chronic kidney disease HGH deficiency or insufficiency Children born small for gestational age In adults, approved uses of HGH include: Short bowel syndrome, a condition in which nutrients are not properly absorbed due to severe intestinal disease or the surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine HGH deficiency due to rare pituitary tumors or their treatment Muscle-wasting disease associated with HIV/ AIDS But the most common uses for HGH are not FDA-approved.


Question: What should I know about human growth hormone (HGH)?

Answer: But experts say that hope is unfounded. And worse, these products can be harmful. HGH, produced by the pituitary gland, spurs growth in children and adolescents. It also helps to regulate body composition, body fluids, muscle and bone growth, sugar and fat metabolism, and possibly heart function. Produced synthetically, HGH is the active ingredient in a number of prescription drugs and in other products available widely over the Internet.


Question: What are the anti-aging effects of human growth hormone (HGH)?

Answer: Because the body's HGH levels naturally decrease with age, some so-called anti-aging experts have speculated and claimed that HGH products could reverse age-related bodily deterioration. But these claims, too, are unproven. The use of HGH for anti-aging is not FDA-approved. Nevertheless, some people obtain injectable HGH from doctors who prescribe it for off-label purposes (uses for which it was not approved by the FDA) and through Internet pharmacies, anti-aging clinics, and web sites.


Question: Is slowing down important for managing stress?

Answer: Modern life is so busy, and sometimes we just need to slow down and chill out. Look at your life and find small ways you can do that. For example: Set your watch 5 to 10 minutes ahead. That way you'll get places a little early and avoid the stress of being late. When you're driving on the highway, switch to the slow lane so you can avoid road rage. Break down big jobs into smaller ones. For example, don't try to answer all 100 emails if you don't have to -- just answer a few of them.


Question: Is eating well important for managing stress?

Answer: Eating a regular, well-balanced diet will help you feel better in general. It may also help control your moods. Your meals should be full of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and lean protein for energy. And don't skip any. It's not good for you and can put you in a bad mood, which can actually increase your stress.


Question: Is talking about your problems important for managing stress?

Answer: Relaxing hobbies include things like: Reading Knitting Doing an art project Playing golf Watching a movie Doing puzzles Playing cards and board games If things are bothering you, talking about them can help lower your stress. You can talk to family members, friends, a trusted clergyman, your doctor, or a therapist. And you can also talk to yourself. It's called self-talk and we all do it. But in order for self-talk to help reduce stress you need to make sure it's positive and not negative. So listen closely to what you're thinking or saying when you're stressed out. If you're giving yourself a negative message, change it to a positive one. For example, don't tell yourself â I can't do this.â Tell yourself instead: â I can do this,â or â I'm doing the best I can.â Accept that you can't do things perfectly no matter how hard you try.


Question: Is it important to go easy on yourself to manage stress?

Answer: For example, don't tell yourself â I can't do this.â Tell yourself instead: â I can do this,â or â I'm doing the best I can.â Accept that you can't do things perfectly no matter how hard you try. You also can't control everything in your life. So do yourself a favor and stop thinking you can do so much. And don't forget to keep up your sense of humor. Laughter goes a long way towards making you feel relaxed.


Question: Is making time for hobbies important for managing stress?

Answer: Restful things you can do include: Meditation Yoga Tai chi Prayer Listening to your favorite music Spending time in nature You need to set aside time for things you enjoy. Try to do something every day that makes you feel good, and it will help relieve your stress. It doesn't have to be a ton of time -- even 15 to 20 minutes will do. Relaxing hobbies include things like: Reading Knitting Doing an art project Playing golf Watching a movie Doing puzzles Playing cards and board games If things are bothering you, talking about them can help lower your stress.


Question: Is exercise important for managing stress?

Answer: Working out regularly is one of the best ways to relax your body and mind. Plus, exercise will improve your mood. But you have to do it often for it to pay off.


Question: What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)?

Answer: Zollinger- Ellison syndrome ( ZES) is a disease of the gastrointestinal system. People who have ZES develop tumors known as gastrinomas in the pancreas and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). The gastrinomas caused by ZES secrete the hormone gastrin. Because gastrin creates excessive stomach acid, 90 percent of patients with ZES develop stomach and duodenal ulcers.


Question: How is targeted drug therapy used to treat throat cancer?

Answer: For some throat cancers, doctors can use newer drugs that starve the tumor of what it needs to grow.


Question: What causes throat cancer?

Answer: Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes. Doctors aren't sure what causes this change, but these things can make it more likely: Drinking too much over many years Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), a chronic problem where stomach acid flows up into your esophagus Gender (men are more likely to get it) Human papillomavirus ( HPV), a type of virus that most often spreads through oral sex Not eating enough fruits and vegetables Race ( African- Americans affected more often than other races) Smoking, chewing tobacco You might have: Changes to your voice (hoarse or hard to speak clearly) Cough, which may produce blood Hard time swallowing, feeling like something's caught in your throat Lump or sore that doesn't go away Pain in your ears or neck Problems breathing Sore throat Weight loss for no reason Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and they don't get better.


Question: What are the different types of pharyngeal cancer?

Answer: Types of pharyngeal cancer include: Nasopharyngeal cancer : upper part of your throat behind the nose Oropharyngeal cancer: middle of your throat, behind the mouth, including the base of the tongue, the tonsils, and the soft area behind the roof of your mouth Hypopharyngeal cancer: bottom part of your throat, behind the voice box Types of laryngeal cancer include: Glottic cancer: middle part of your voice box, contains the vocal cords Subglottic cancer: lower part of your voice box Supraglottic cancer: upper part of your voice box (including cancer of the epiglottis, which is like a flexible lid to your windpipe) You get throat cancer when some cells in your throat get a change in their genes.


Question: When should you call a doctor about bruises?

Answer: The bruised area seems very painful, swollen, or infected. Your child has a bruise after a serious accident or head or abdominal injury. Your child has a large number of bruises or unexplained bruises. Your child has a fever.


Question: How can I ease my child's pain from bruises?

Answer: Follow the dosing instructions on the label. If your child has never taken this medication before, call your pediatrician first. Don't give aspirin to a child under 16.


Question: How is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing used as therapy?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Although research continues, EMDR remains controversial among some health care professionals. At first glance, EMDR appears to approach psychological issues in an unusual way. It does not rely on talk therapy or medications. Instead, EMDR uses a patient's own rapid, rhythmic eye movements. These eye movements dampen the power of emotionally charged memories of past traumatic events.


Question: What do the guidelines for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing recommend?

Answer: Guidelines issued by more than one professional organization have recently boosted the credibility of EMDR. These guidelines define who may benefit from the treatment. For example: The American Psychiatric Association ( APA) has noted that EMDR is effective for treating symptoms of acute and chronic PTSD. According to the APA, EMDR may be particularly useful for people who have trouble talking about the traumatic events they've experienced. The APA guidelines note that other research is needed to tell whether improvements from EMDR can be sustained over time. The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense have jointly issued clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines "strongly recommended" EMDR for the treatment of PTSD in both military and non-military populations. They also note that this approach has been as effective as other psychological treatments in some studies, and less effective in others.


Question: What other psychological problems does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing target?

Answer: Although most research into EMDR has examined its use in people with PTSD, EMDR is sometimes used experimentally to treat many other psychological problems. They include: Panic attacks Eating disorders Addictions Anxiety, such as discomfort with public speaking or dental procedures More than 20,000 practitioners have been trained to use EMDR since psychologist Francine Shapiro developed the technique in 1989.


Question: How does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing work?

Answer: Even the most enthusiastic supporters of EMDR have not agreed on how the therapy works. At this point, only theories exist. By inducing the recall of distressing events and diverting attention from their emotional consequences, EMDR in some respects borrows basic principles used in prolonged exposure therapy, the gold standard behavioral psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD. Some therapists believe that EMDR reduces anxiety. This allows patients to better take control of their upsetting thoughts. Others simply say that we don't yet understand how EMDR works. According to the APA guidelines, EMDR needs further study to more fully understand it.


Question: What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Answer: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR) is a fairly new, nontraditional type of psychotherapy. It's growing in popularity, particularly for treating post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD). PTSD often occurs after experiences such as military combat, physical assault, rape, or car accidents.


Question: What can you expect from eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Answer: An EMDR treatment session can last up to 90 minutes. Your therapist will move his or her fingers back and forth in front of your face and ask you to follow these hand motions with your eyes. At the same time, the EMDR therapist will have you recall a disturbing event. This will include the emotions and body sensations that go along with it. Gradually, the therapist will guide you to shift your thoughts to more pleasant ones. Some therapists use alternatives to finger movements, such as hand or toe tapping or musical tones. People who use the technique argue that EMDR can weaken the effect of negative emotions. Before and after each EMDR treatment, your therapist will ask you to rate your level of distress. The hope is that your disturbing memories will become less disabling.


Question: How often should you wash your workout clothes, to prevent fungal infections?

Answer: Wash your feet and dry them thoroughly, especially between your toes.


Question: When I'm choosing a gym, how do I know if it's clean enough?

Answer: Evaluate the cleanliness of the facility. Look to see if the equipment is clean and free of sweat. Are bathroom floors clean? What about sinks and toilets? Do you see cleaning personnel in the gym regularly?


Question: Should I sanitize the equipment at my gym before I use it?

Answer: Then do the next person a favor -- wipe down equipment after every workout. As an alternative, consider bringing your own exercise mat and equipment.


Question: What can you learn from a semen analysis?

Answer: Some things you can learn from the analysis: Amount and thickness of semen.


Question: What can you do to improve the health of your sperm?

Answer: Many of the things you do to keep yourself healthy can also do the same for sperm. Try some of these tips: Don't smoke or use illicit drugs, especially anabolic steroids. Avoid contact with toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Eat a healthy diet and keep your weight under control. Keep your scrotum cool, because heat slows down the making of sperm. To do this, avoid hot baths, wear boxers instead of briefs, and try not to wear tight pants.


Question: How long do sperm live if they are inside a woman's body?

Answer: But the odds that sperm in a tub of water will find their way inside a woman's body and cause her to get pregnant are extremely low. When sperm are inside a woman's body, they can live for up to 5 days. If you're a man and you have sex even a few days before your partner ovulates, there's chance she may get pregnant.


Question: Do men keep making sperm when they're older?

Answer: The amount of sperm you make goes down as you get older, but even elderly men have fathered children.


Question: What is glaucoma?

Answer: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that causes vision loss. High pressure inside the eye or poor circulation causes damage to the optic nerve. This nerve carries images from the eye to the brain.


Question: How do you get cataracts?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract often develop slowly and can include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision -- a little like looking through a dirty windshield Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color These factors raise your risk for developing cataract: Lots of exposure to sunlight Smoking High cholesterol or high blood pressure Diabetes Previous eye injury or surgery Family history of cataracts At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contacts prescription is all you need.


Question: How do you know if you have cataracts?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract often develop slowly and can include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision -- a little like looking through a dirty windshield Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color These factors raise your risk for developing cataract: Lots of exposure to sunlight Smoking High cholesterol or high blood pressure Diabetes Previous eye injury or surgery Family history of cataracts At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contacts prescription is all you need.


Question: What factors raise the risk for developing cataracts?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract often develop slowly and can include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision -- a little like looking through a dirty windshield Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color These factors raise your risk for developing cataract: Lots of exposure to sunlight Smoking High cholesterol or high blood pressure Diabetes Previous eye injury or surgery Family history of cataracts At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contacts prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help.


Question: What is the cure for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: There is no cure for AMD, but there are options that may slow the progression of wet macular degeneration. Anti- VEGF treatment limits growth of new blood vessels in the eye that can threaten vision. Thermal laser treatment uses heat to disrupt the disease. Photodynamic therapy destroys blood vessels in the eye that are leaking and damaging vision. Your doctor may recommend you take certain vitamins and minerals -- including zinc, vitamins C and E, and lutein and zeaxanthin -- in specific doses to slow down AMD when it's still in its early stages.


Question: What is the wet type of AMD?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Hazy vision Needing extra light or having trouble when going from bright to low light Trouble reading or recognizing people's faces Colors appearing less vivid The wet type of AMD causes sudden, severe loss of central vision from leaking blood vessels growing in or under the retina. You may see a large dark spot in the center of your vision. If you have these blind spots, see an eye doctor right away. Other symptoms include: Distorted vision Objects appearing a different size for each eye Colors appearing less vivid or differently in each eye You may be more likely to get AMD if you smoke, have a family history of AMD, or are obese.


Question: What are cataracts?

Answer: With a cataract, the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and your vision gets blurry. They're often associated with aging. Half of all Americans have them by the time they reach 80.


Question: How do you know if you have retinal vessel occlusion?

Answer: Depending upon the type of blockage you have, you may have subtle, painless, moderate vision loss that comes and goes. Or you may have sudden, severe vision loss and pain that requires immediate medical care.


Question: How normal is age-related vision problems?

Answer: But eye problems aren't something you should simply write off as normal. Some problems stem from new or worsening vision disorders. As you get older, these might happen gradually. Others happen suddenly, quickly causing blindness. That is why regular exams with an eye doctor are so important. You can take steps to lower your risk of age-related vision problems. Or, if you have changes, you can slow their progression.


Question: What are some symptoms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Hazy vision Needing extra light or having trouble when going from bright to low light Trouble reading or recognizing people's faces Colors appearing less vivid The wet type of AMD causes sudden, severe loss of central vision from leaking blood vessels growing in or under the retina.


Question: What is the dry type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: The dry type of AMD affects 9 out of 10 people with macular degeneration. It causes more gradual, subtle vision loss from the breakdown of cells in the retina. For example, you may see parts of letters, or straight lines may appear wavy. The dry type of AMD can develop into the wet type.


Question: What happens if cataracts interfere with day-to-day life?

Answer: If halos or glare are problems, limit night driving. Glare can also happen during the day, so make sure your vision prescription is up to date, and ask if special tinting could lessen glare. If a cataract begins to interfere with your day-to-day life, an ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery can remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear lens implant.


Question: What is the wet type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Hazy vision Needing extra light or having trouble when going from bright to low light Trouble reading or recognizing people's faces Colors appearing less vivid The wet type of AMD causes sudden, severe loss of central vision from leaking blood vessels growing in or under the retina. You may see a large dark spot in the center of your vision. If you have these blind spots, see an eye doctor right away.


Question: How can I treat cataracts?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract often develop slowly and can include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision -- a little like looking through a dirty windshield Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color These factors raise your risk for developing cataract: Lots of exposure to sunlight Smoking High cholesterol or high blood pressure Diabetes Previous eye injury or surgery Family history of cataracts At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contacts prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help.


Question: Who is most likely to get AMD?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Distorted vision Objects appearing a different size for each eye Colors appearing less vivid or differently in each eye You may be more likely to get AMD if you smoke, have a family history of AMD, or are obese. Other risk factors include genetics, exposure to ultraviolet ( UV) light, and a lack of nutrients reaching the retina.


Question: Is there a cure for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: There is no cure for AMD, but there are options that may slow the progression of wet macular degeneration. Anti- VEGF treatment limits growth of new blood vessels in the eye that can threaten vision. Thermal laser treatment uses heat to disrupt the disease. Photodynamic therapy destroys blood vessels in the eye that are leaking and damaging vision.


Question: What are the symptoms of AMD?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Hazy vision Needing extra light or having trouble when going from bright to low light Trouble reading or recognizing people's faces Colors appearing less vivid The wet type of AMD causes sudden, severe loss of central vision from leaking blood vessels growing in or under the retina.


Question: How do I use a cervical shield?

Answer: A woman should first put spermicide in it and then insert it into her vagina before sex. It must stay in place for at least 8 hours after intercourse. The shield has a loop on it to help with removal. You must take it out within 48 hours in order to avoid getting toxic shock syndrome.


Question: How effective is the cervical shield?

Answer: That means that in a typical year, 15 out of 100 women who use it will get pregnant.


Question: What is the cervical shield?

Answer: Also called â Lea's Shield,â this cup-shaped device is a âbarrier methodâ of birth control for women. It's made of silicone, and it covers the cervix so that sperm can't get into the uterus. The shield has a valve on it that creates suction when you insert it, to help it fit against the cervix.


Question: Does a cervical shield come in more than one size?

Answer: But you will need a prescription for it.


Question: How can people with age-related macular degeneration see better?

Answer: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.


Question: What is photodynamic laser therapy for AMD?

Answer: Photodynamic laser therapy. A two-step treatment in which a light-sensitive drug ( Visudyne) is used to damage the abnormal blood vessels. A doctor injects the drug into the bloodstream to be absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the eye. The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels.


Question: What medications treat age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.


Question: Can dry AMD become wet AMD?

Answer: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.


Question: Does wet macular degeneration ever go away?

Answer: Unfortunately, even after wet macular degeneration treatment, the condition can recur and require repeated treatments. Because of this, individuals with macular degeneration must test their own vision regularly and follow the recommendations of their ophthalmologist. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.


Question: What tests diagnose age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye.


Question: How fast does age-related macular degeneration progress?

Answer: The dry form of age-related macular degeneration is much more common and tends to progress more slowly, allowing you to keep most of your vision.


Question: How is age-related macular degeneration diagnosed?

Answer: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.


Question: Is there a cure for macular degeneration?

Answer: Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.


Question: How does laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.


Question: How can laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.


Question: How many people get dry or wet forms of macular degeneration?

Answer: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.


Question: How is macular degeneration diagnosed?

Answer: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.


Question: What happens after age-related macular degeneration is detected?

Answer: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye. Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.


Question: What is dry form age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. In the advanced stages, patients lose central vision.


Question: How do low vision aids treat age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.


Question: What are the risk factors for macular degeneration?

Answer: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.


Question: How do anti-angiogenesis drugs treat macular degeneration?

Answer: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.


Question: What are the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.


Question: What are symptoms of corneal flash burns?

Answer: Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation. This is very different from a corneal abrasion due to an injury, where, ordinarily, only one eye is involved. Because the eyes are very sensitive to disease and damage, any blurred vision, change in vision, or worsening eye pain needs to be evaluated by your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).


Question: What is the follow-up for corneal flash burns after treatment?

Answer: Follow-up In most cases, you will need to follow up with your ophthalmologist in 24-48 hours for a reevaluation of the eyes and to make sure that the corneas are healing.


Question: What questions can I ask the doctor about corneal flash burns?

Answer: If you are unable to discuss your situation with an ophthalmologist and you have changes in your vision, have blurry vision, see flashing spots or light, or have worsening eye pain or pain with the movement of your eyes, then you need to go to a hospital's emergency department for an evaluation. Have you found a reason for my symptoms? Will I develop any scarring or permanent visual loss from a corneal flash burn? Is there anything I should do to prevent this injury from happening again? What can I expect to feel once the numbing eyedrops have worn off? When may I resume my regular activities?


Question: What causes corneal flash burns?

Answer: Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What protective eyeglasses can help me prevent corneal flash burns?

Answer: Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars.


Question: What is the outlook for people with corneal flash burns?

Answer: Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars. In most cases, healing takes place in 1-2 days if you follow all instructions and protect your eyes from further damage. However, some complications, such as infection, may not show up right away. Thus, it is important to return for a recheck with your ophthalmologist when it is scheduled.


Question: What is a corneal flash burn?

Answer: Eyes, particularly the cornea (the clear window of tissue on the front of the eyeball), can be damaged easily by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and from other sources of ultraviolet light, such as a welder's arc, a photographer's flood lamps, a sun lamp, or even a halogen desk lamp. The cornea takes the brunt of the damage if proper eye protection is not worn, such as dark glasses or goggles while skiing in bright sun. A corneal flash burn (also called ultraviolet keratitis) can be considered to be a sunburn of the eye surface.


Question: What is the medical treatment for corneal flash burns?

Answer: In some cases, the eye may be patched to aid in healing and pain control. Wearing sunglasses may also help relieve the pain. Treatment may involve pain medicine, antibiotic medication, or medicine to enlarge (dilate) the pupils.


Question: What is autism?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). It covers a large spectrum of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment. ASD ranges in severity from a handicap that somewhat limits an otherwise normal life to a devastating disability that may require institutional care.


Question: How is Rett syndrome associated with autism?

Answer: Rett syndrome previously fell under ASD spectrum but it is now confirmed that Rett's cause is genetic. It no longer falls under ASD guidelines. Children with Rett syndrome, primarily girls, start developing normally but then begin losing their communication and social skills. Beginning at the age of 1 to 4 years, repetitive hand movements replace purposeful use of the hands. Children with Rett syndrome are usually severely cognitively impaired.


Question: How can my body temperature readings change?

Answer: Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it. Underarm readings can be a degree lower than what you'd find from your mouth. Rectal temperatures usually are up to a degree higher than mouth readings.


Question: What can make my body temperature change?

Answer: A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too. Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it.


Question: What is a normal body temperature?

Answer: Not everyone's ânormalâ body temperature is the same. Yours could be a whole degree different than someone else's. A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too.


Question: When should I call a doctor about a fever?

Answer: However, if your temperature is 103 F or higher or if you've had a fever for more than 3 days, call your doctor. Also call if you have a fever with symptoms like severe throat swelling, vomiting, headache, chest pain, stiff neck or rash.


Question: What can make you more likely to get hypothermia?

Answer: Other things can also make you more likely to get hypothermia. They include: Alcohol or drug use Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) Anorexia Stroke Sepsis (overwhelming infection) Parkinson's disease Nerve damage Malnutrition Medicines such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or sedatives Anesthesia


Question: When should I call a pediatrician about my child's fever?

Answer: For children, fevers are a bit more complicated. Call your pediatrician if your child is: Under 3 months and has a rectal temperatures of 100.4 F or higher Between 3 months and 3 years and has a rectal temperature over 102 F Older than 3 years and has an oral temperatures above 103 F Between 3 and 6 months and -- along with a fever -- is fussier or more uncomfortable than usual, or doesn't seem alert Sick enough for you to be concerned, regardless of what the thermometer says If your body loses too much heat, it can be very serious, even fatal.


Question: Who can get hypothermia?

Answer: Hypothermia is a special concern for newborns and the elderly. Babies may not be good at regulating their temperature. They can lose heat quickly. It's important to keep them warm. A temperature below 97 F is considered too low for babies. Older adults can also struggle to keep their body temperature in a normal range if they're somewhere with intense air conditioning or there's not enough heat. For both the elderly and young children, a below-normal body temperature can be a sign they're sick.


Question: What is nutritional deficiency and how does it cause hair loss in children?

Answer: Though less common, hair loss can be a symptom of deficiencies in certain nutrients, including: Vitamin H, or biotin, one of the B complex of vitamins, which help the body to convert carbohydrates into glucose to fuel the body. Zinc, an essential mineral involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism.


Question: How can endocrine problems cause hair loss in children?

Answer: In some children the cause of hair loss is hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid is underactive and is producing an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones required for regulating metabolism. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made by a blood test. Treatment may involve medication prescribed by the endocrinologis to replace deficient hormones but will depend on a number of factors including: Your child's age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference While many causes of hair loss require a doctor's attention, others will resolve on their own with time.


Question: What Is tinea capitis?

Answer: Tinea capitis. Tinea capitis, commonly known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection often seen in children. It can show up in a number of ways, but often as scaly patches of hair loss on the head. The patches are usually round or oval. The hairs may be broken off at the surface of the skin and look like black dots on the scalp.


Question: What tests might you get to help diagnose vasculitis?

Answer: These abnormalities include: Anemia A high white blood cell count A high platelet count Signs of kidney or liver problems Signs of an allergic reaction Inflammation Blood tests also can identify immune complexes or antibodies (ways the body fights off what it thinks is a threat) that cause vasculitis. Additional tests may include X-rays, tissue biopsies, blood vessel, and heart scans.


Question: What is post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)?

Answer: Sometimes, people go through treatment for Lyme disease but their symptoms (feeling run-down and achy) don't go away. If this lasts over 6 months, it's known as chronic Lyme disease or âpost-treatment Lyme disease syndromeâ ( PTLDS).


Question: Which antibiotic is best for Lyme disease treatment?

Answer: Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days.


Question: How do doctors decide which antibiotics to use to treat Lyme disease?

Answer: If your Lyme disease is found soon after you've been infected, your doctor will start you on antibiotics: Doxycycline Amoxicillin Cefuroxime Which drug you're prescribed will depend on your age. Your doctor will also take into account if you're pregnant or nursing. You'll need to take this medicine for 10 to 21 days. The earlier Lyme disease is found, the better. Most people who start treatment in this stage improve quickly. If not, your doctor may need to prescribe another course of antibiotics.


Question: Why do some people get post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)?

Answer: Doctors still aren't sure why some people get PTLDS. Some believe that getting Lyme disease may cause damage to your tissues or immune system. Others believe it's because the bacteria that causes Lyme hasn't completely gone away. There is little evidence that taking more antibiotics at this stage will help. They may actually be harmful. Instead, your doctor will focus on treating the symptoms you're still having. This will be different for everyone. Some people could benefit from a medicine that relieves fatigue, while others may need a drug that can help with headaches or very sensitive skin.


Question: What is the definition of supraventricular tachycardia?

Answer: The term has Latin roots. Supraventricular means âabove the ventricles,â which are the lower two sections of your heart. Tachycardia means âfast heart rate.â Rapid heart rates can start in various places of a heart. For you to get a diagnosis of SVT, your problem must start in the atria, the upper two chambers.


Question: How can I avoid a latex allergy at work?

Answer: Use paper clips instead of rubber bands. Don't use erasers, either. Stay away from craft items like paint and rubber cement. If you work where people wear gloves -- cleaning, food service, or beauty work, for example -- ask to switch to latex-free products.


Question: How can I avoid a latex allergy at my doctor's office?

Answer: Call ahead before any appointment and tell them about your allergy. Set your appointment for the first thing in the morning. There's less chance that latex particles will be in the air then. Tell all doctors, nurses, and schedulers about your allergy . Everything from stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs to IV tubing can have latex.


Question: What should you expect when seeing a doctor about snoring?

Answer: During the doctor's visit, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and take a complete medical history. He or she will also perform a general physical exam, paying particular attention to your nose and throat. Your weight and blood pressure will be evaluated, and your blood may be tested for thyroid function. Your doctor may suggest you see an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor). These doctors are better equipped to examine your nasal passages for any blockages. Additionally, you may be referred to a sleep lab for further testing.


Question: Should you talk to a doctor if you are a habitual snorer?

Answer: Occasional snoring is usually not very serious; mostly, it's a nuisance for your bed partner. However, if you are a habitual snorer, it is a good idea to get checked out by a doctor to make sure a more serious problem isn't causing your snoring.


Question: How does caffeine affect insulin sensitivity?

Answer: Caffeine may lower your insulin sensitivity. That means your cells don't react to the hormone by as much as they once did. They don't absorb as much sugar from your blood after you eat or drink. This causes your body to make more insulin, so you have higher levels after meals. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body already doesn't use insulin well. After meals, your blood sugar rises higher than normal. Caffeine may make it tougher to bring it down to a healthy point. This may lead to too-high blood sugar levels. Over time, this may raise your chance of diabetes complications, like nerve damage or heart disease.


Question: How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children?

Answer: The first step is to get your child to the doctor. He can tell if she's overweight based on her age, weight, and height. He'll test her blood sugar to see if she has diabetes or prediabetes. If she does have diabetes, it may take a few extra steps to find out if it's type 1 or type 2.


Question: What causes obesity in children and where is it most likely to cause type 2 diabetes?

Answer: One or more of these things may contribute to extra weight or obesity: Unhealthy eating Lack of physical activity Family members (alive or dead) who've been overweight Rarely, a hormone problem or other medical condition As with adults, type 2 diabetes is more likely to affect children who carry extra weight around the middle.


Question: What lifestyle changes are necessary for a child with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day.


Question: How common is type 2 diabetes in children?

Answer: Now, according to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have this disease. That number includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.


Question: What can you do to help treat your child's type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day.


Question: Does a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score mean I have prostate cancer?

Answer: If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. Fact: Not necessarily. An inflamed prostate can drive up your numbers. The score helps your doctor decide if you need more tests to check for prostate cancer. Also, he'll watch your PSA score over time.


Question: If I get prostate cancer, will I die of the disease?

Answer: Fact: Many men with prostate cancer are likely to live to an old age or die of some other cause.


Question: Does prostate cancer surgery end your sex life and cause urine leakage?

Answer: Fact: Your surgeon may be able to spare the nerves that help trigger erections. That means you should be able to have an erection strong enough for sex again. But it may be a while. Recovery can take from 4 to 24 months, maybe longer. Younger men usually heal sooner. If you still have trouble, ask your doctor about treatments for erectile dysfunction. There are medications and devices that can help. He'll tell you if they're right for you. Other prostate cancer treatments, like radiation and hormone therapy, also can affect your sex life. Talk to your doctor about your choices. You might leak urine after surgery, but it's usually short-term. Within a year, about 95% of men have as much bladder control as they did before the operation.


Question: Do I have to start treatment right away for prostate cancer?

Answer: Fact: You and your doctor may decide not to treat your prostate cancer. Reasons include: It's in an early stage and is growing very slowly. You're elderly or have other illnesses. Prostate cancer treatment may not prolong your life and may make it harder to care for your other health problems. In such cases, your doctor will likely suggest âactive surveillance.â This means that he'll check you often and order tests to see if your cancer is getting worse. If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment.


Question: What should you know about bladder infections?

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Question: Should you call your doctor about vaginal itching, burning, and irritation?

Answer: But when it occurs in an area as sensitive as the vagina and vulva (the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening), it can be especially uncomfortable. Most genital itching and irritation isn't a major concern.


Question: How can lichen sclerosis cause vaginal itching, burning, and irritation?

Answer: This is a rare condition that causes thin white patches to form on the skin, especially around the vulva. The patches can permanently scar the vaginal area. Postmenopausal women are most likely to develop this condition.


Question: How can your doctor help treat vaginal itching, burning, and irritation?

Answer: However, if the irritation continues, is severe, or comes back after treatment, call for an appointment with your doctor. The doctor can do a pelvic exam. The doctor will probably also take a sample of the discharge to find the source of the problem.


Question: How can chemical irritants cause vaginal itching, burning, and irritation?

Answer: Here are a few tips for preventing and treating vaginal irritation at home: Avoid scented pads or toilet paper, creams, bubble bath, feminine sprays, and douches.


Question: How are vaginal itching, burning, and irritation treated?

Answer: How vaginal discomfort is treated depends on what condition is causing the problem: Vaginosis and STDs are treated with antibiotics/antiparasitics. Yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications. They are inserted into the vagina in the form of creams, ointments, or suppositories, or they are taken orally. You can buy these medications over the counter in different doses -- one-day, three-day, seven-day. However, if you've never been diagnosed with a yeast infection, see your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medication. Menopause-related itching may be treated with estrogen cream, tablets, or a vaginal ring insert. Other types of itching and irritation respond to steroid creams or lotions, which reduce inflammation. A prescription-strength steroid cream can relieve the irritation of lichen sclerosis. In young girls, it's important to report any itching, burning, or irritation to a health care provider, because these symptoms can be signs of sexual abuse.


Question: What is your maximum heart rate?

Answer: To calculate your predicted maximum heart rate, use this formula: 220 - Your Age = Predicted Maximum Heart Rate For example, a 40-year-old's predicted maximum heart rate is about 180 beats per minute. Your actual maximum heart rate can be determined by a graded exercise test. If you are taking medicines or have a medical condition (such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes), ask your doctor if your maximum heart rate (and target heart rate) should be adjusted. You gain the most benefits when you exercise in your ''target heart rate zone.'' Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate.


Question: What should you do before you begin an exercise program?

Answer: Check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Your doctor can help you find a routine and target heart rate zone that match your needs, goals, and physical condition.


Question: What is your target heart rate?

Answer: You gain the most benefits when you exercise in your ''target heart rate zone.'' Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate. In some cases, your doctor may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50%.


Question: How can genes cause eye miosis?

Answer: Genes: Being born without the muscle that controls your pupils or with pupil muscles that aren't formed correctly is called congenital miosis or microcoria. You get it when one or both of your parents pass down a problem gene to you. It can happen in one eye or both eyes.


Question: How can side effects of a medication cause eye miosis?

Answer: Side effect of a medication: Certain anxiety, muscle spasm, and seizure medications like diazepam ( Valium) or antihistamines like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) can make your pupils shrink. So can narcotics, either prescribed or illicit.


Question: How can Horner's syndrome cause eye miosis?

Answer: Horner's syndrome: This rare condition affects the way your brain "talks" to one side of your face, including one of your eyes. It can make one of your pupils smaller than the other. You can inherit it from your parents, or it can happen after a neck injury or neck surgery. You can also get it if your chest, neck, or brain doesn't form correctly. Sometimes kids get it if they have a rare type of cancer called neuroblastoma or a tumor in another part of their body.


Question: How can age cause eye miosis?

Answer: Age: It's normal for a newborn's pupils to stay small for about 2 weeks so her eyes have extra protection from bright light. Your pupils tend to get smaller as you get older, too. The muscles that work your pupils can get weak and have a tough time opening them. This can make it harder for you to see at night.


Question: When should you call your pediatrician for a 4-month-old with a fever?

Answer: The child is younger than 3 months old with a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher.


Question: When should you call 911 for a fever in children?

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Question: When should you call the doctor about your child's fever?

Answer: You think the child needs medical attention. The child is younger than 3 months old with a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher. The child is 3 to 6 months old with a temperature of 101 F or higher or has had any fever for more than one day. The child is older than 6 months and younger than a year with a temperature of 103 F or higher or has had any fever more than one day. The child is 1 to 2 years old with a high fever lasting more than 24 hours. The child is any age with a temperature of 104 F or higher. The soft spot on the child's skull is bulging. The child vomits repeatedly or has severe diarrhea. The child has signs of dehydration, such as not wetting diapers, crying without tears, dry mouth or mucous membranes, or sunken soft spot. The fever triggers a seizure. The child has a fever and a rash. Your child is at special risk for serious infections. This includes children with blood or immune disorders, or any child who has not received the routine immunizations.


Question: At what age should I stop having mammogram screenings?

Answer: Most experts recommend you continue to have these screenings as long as you are in good health and are expected to live at least another 10 years.


Question: At what age should I have a mammogram?

Answer: The American Cancer Society recommends women ages 40 to 44 should have a choice to start yearly screening mammograms if they would like. Women ages 45 to 54 should have a mammogram each year, and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every one to two years. But not all groups agree. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening every 2 years from ages 50 through 74.


Question: How can I avoid scorpion stings?

Answer: To avoid stings: Wear shoes, particularly at night. Put on gloves when you work in the yard, lift rocks and logs, or collect firewood. When you camp, don't sleep on the bare ground. Shake out your shoes before you put them on, especially if you've left them outside or in a basement or garage.


Question: How do mast cell stabilizers help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: About a quarter of people with IBS- D also have gastroenteritis, which makes your gut become inflamed. Some experts believe that could be a trigger for IBS. Mast cells control the release of histamine, which causes inflammation. These drugs help lower the amount of histamine your body makes.


Question: How do antidiarrheal drugs help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: In some cases, over-the-counter medicines like loperamide ( Imodium) can improve diarrhea symptoms for people with irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What is rifaximin and how is it used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Though it's not clear what causes IBS- D, some experts believe the culprit may be too much bacteria in the small intestine. Rimaxifin is an antibiotic that was approved by the FDA in 2015 to treat IBS- D. It's been shown to reduce both stomach pain and diarrhea.


Question: How do K-opioid antagonists help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Scientists are doing clinical trials of a promising drug called asimadoline, which may help reduce stomach pain and diarrhea without causing constipation.


Question: What is eluxadoline and how is it used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: This signals your nervous system to help stop bowel spasms. It can also ease belly cramps and diarrhea.


Question: How do antidepressants help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Antidepressants: Medicines called tricyclic antidepressants can help reduce belly pain, particularly if you also have depression or anxiety. If you don't have depression, your doctor may still prescribe these, but in smaller doses.


Question: How does washing your hands prevent sickness?

Answer: 1: Wash Your Hands There's no mystery about how cold and flu viruses spread. Someone who's sick sneezes in his hand and then touches the telephone, the keyboard, or a kitchen glass. You can pick up the germ when you touch that object, even hours later. So wash your hands often. If you can't get to a sink, rub them with a hand sanitizer that's got alcohol in it.


Question: How can your habits and lifestyle affect your risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Alcohol: For some people, binge drinking is a trigger. But for others, even a modest amount can trigger AFib. Stimulants: Caffeine, cigarettes, and other things that rev up your system can set off AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it. Stress and worry: When you're under a lot of pressure or feeling worn out, it could trigger an episode or make your symptoms worse.


Question: Who may be at a greater risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Medication: Research suggests that people who take high doses of steroids -- perhaps for asthma or other conditions -- may be more likely to get AFib. If your chances are higher anyway, this treatment can trigger an episode.


Question: How does atrial fibrillation (AFib) happen?

Answer: Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) is the most common problem with your heartbeat's rate or rhythm. The basic cause of AFib is disorganized signals that make your heart's two upper chambers (the atria) squeeze very fast and out of sync. They contract so quickly that the heart walls quiver, or fibrillate.


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat early breast cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy drugs used to treat early breast cancer include: Anthracyclines: This class of drugs includes doxorubicin ( Adriamycin) and epirubicin ( Ellence). Taxanes: This class of drugs includes docetaxel ( Taxotere) and paclitaxel ( Taxol). These drugs are often used with others like carboplatin, cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and fluorouracil (5- FU).


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat advanced breast cancer?

Answer: Drugs used to treat advanced breast cancer include: Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel or Abraxane) Capecitabine ( Xeloda) Eribulin ( Halaven) Gemcitabine ( Gemzar) Ixabepilone ( Ixempra) Liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil) Mitoxantrone Platinum (carboplatin, cisplatin) Vinorelbine ( Navelbine) Your doctor will probably talk to you about combining different chemo drugs.


Question: Can you still work during breast cancer chemotherapy?

Answer: Together, you and your doctor will decide when to start chemotherapy, what drugs to use, and a schedule for taking them. Ask what side effects you can expect from the medication.


Question: How can you receive chemotherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Some of the most common include: AC: Adriamycin and Cytoxan AT: Adriamycin and Taxotere CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and fluorouracil FAC: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan CAF: Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and fluorouracil ( FAC and CAF use the same medicines but in different doses and frequencies) You get chemotherapy as a pill or in a vein daily, weekly, or every 2-4 weeks. You may get one drug or a combination of them. Your treatment plan is designed for your particular situation. If your veins are hard to find, you may get a catheter in a large vein. These devices are inserted by a surgeon or radiologist and have an opening to the skin or a port under the skin, allowing chemotherapy medications to be given. They can also be used to give fluids or take blood samples. Once chemotherapy is finished, your catheter will be removed.


Question: How should I protect my lips when I'm outside to prevent chapped lips?

Answer: Protect your lips when you're outside. You cover your hands and feet when the temperature drops; do the same for your lips. Wear a scarf or a ski mask that covers your mouth when you go out in the cold.


Question: What are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?

Answer: Babies may also become less interested in eating, have trouble sucking, and stop smiling and talking. You may notice bruises on the arms or chest in the places the baby has been grabbed. Other physical signs include a larger than usual head or forehead, different-sized pupils, not being able to focus, and favoring one arm or leg over another. Babies with shaken baby syndrome may also have symptoms you can't see, such as fractured ribs or other bones, spinal cord or neck injury, and bleeding in the brain. In mild cases, behavior, health, or learning issues show up later on. Because shaken baby syndrome can affect so many different parts of a child's health, there may be more than one doctor or specialist involved in the diagnosis.


Question: What is shaken baby syndrome?

Answer: Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse. When a baby is shaken hard by the shoulders, arms, or legs, it can cause learning disabilities, behavior disorders, vision problems or blindness, hearing and speech issues, seizures, cerebral palsy, serious brain injury, and permanent disability.


Question: What is an esophageal stricture?

Answer: Esophageal stricture: Over time, the damage caused by stomach acid can scar the lining of the esophagus.m When this scar tissue builds up, it makes the esophagus narrow. Called strictures, these narrow spots make it hard to swallow food and drinks, which can lead to weight loss and dehydration. Strictures are treated with a procedure that gently stretches your esophagus.


Question: How can heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) lead to esophageal ulcers?

Answer: Esophageal ulcers: GERD is the top cause of ulcers, or sores in the lining of the esophagus. Symptoms include painful swallowing, nausea, and chest pain. Your doctor will prescribe medicine to control your GERD and treat the ulcer.


Question: What can I do about fatigue with colorectal cancer?

Answer: Depression The best way to combat fatigue while also battling colorectal cancer is to treat the underlying medical cause. Unfortunately, the exact cause is often unknown, or there may be multiple causes. There are some treatments that may help improve fatigue caused by an under-active thyroid or anemia. Other causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis.


Question: How can you assess your colorectal cancer fatigue?

Answer: Keep a diary for one week to identify the time of day when you are either most fatigued or have the most energy. Note what you think may be contributing factors. Be alert to your personal warning signs of fatigue. Fatigue warning signs may include tired eyes, tired legs, whole-body tiredness, stiff shoulders, decreased energy or a lack of energy, inability to concentrate, weakness or malaise, boredom or lack of motivation, sleepiness, increased irritability, nervousness, anxiety, or impatience.