Question: What is sepsis?

Answer: Sepsis is caused by your body's defense system (immune system) working overtime to fight infection. It's sometimes called septicemia. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The large number of chemicals released into the blood during this process triggers widespread inflammation. This can lead to organ damage. Blood clotting during sepsis reduces blood flow to limbs and internal organs. This deprives them of nutrients and oxygen. In severe cases, one or more organs may fail. In the worst cases, sepsis leads to a life-threatening drop in blood pressure. Doctors call this âseptic shock.â It can quickly lead to the failure of several organs -- lungs, kidneys, and liver. This can be fatal in some cases.


Question: What causes sepsis?

Answer: But sepsis can also result from other infections. It can begin anywhere bacteria or viruses enter the body. So, it could sometimes be caused by something as minor as a scraped knee or nicked cuticle. If you have a more serious medical problem such as appendicitis, pneumonia, meningitis, or a urinary tract infection, you're also at risk. If you have an infection of the bone, called osteomyelitis, it could lead to sepsis. In people who are hospitalized, the bacteria that trigger sepsis can enter the body through IV lines, surgical incisions, urinary catheters, and bed sores.


Question: What are the symptoms of sepsis?

Answer: They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms. The first signs may include rapid breathing and confusion. Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU).


Question: How is sepsis diagnosed?

Answer: Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU).


Question: What happens after being diagnosed with sepsis?

Answer: Other common warning signs include: Fever and chills Very low body temperature Peeing less than normal Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea If your doctor believes you might have sepsis, he'll do an exam and run tests to look for the following: Bacteria in the blood or other body fluids The source of the infection (he may use an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound) A high or low white blood cell count A low platelet count Low blood pressure Too much acid in the blood (acidosis) Altered kidney or liver function If you do have sepsis, your doctor will likely place you in the hospital's intensive care unit ( ICU). There, he'll try to stop the infection, keep vital organs functioning, and regulate your blood pressure ( IV fluids and extra oxygen can help with this).


Question: How is sepsis treated?

Answer: Once your doctor knows for sure what's causing your sepsis, he'll put you on medicine that targets that specific germ. Often, doctors prescribe vasopressors (drugs that cause the blood vessels to narrow) to improve blood pressure. If your case is severe, you might need other types of treatment, like a breathing machine or kidney dialysis. Sometimes surgery is needed to drain or clean an infection.


Question: How can I control animal dander?

Answer: It may (but does not always) help to wash the animal at least once a week to remove excess dander and collected pollens. Never allow the pet into the allergic child's bedroom. If you don't already own a pet and your child has asthma, consult your child's doctor if you're considering getting one.


Question: What are some basic things to know when you and your doctor are coming up with your child's asthma treatment plan?

Answer: Developing an effective medication plan to control a child's asthma can take a little time and trial and error. Different drugs work more or less effectively for different kinds of asthma, and some drug combinations work well for some children but not for others. There are two main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications (rescue medications) and long-term preventive drugs (controller medications) (see Treatment of Asthma). Asthma drugs treat both symptoms and causes, so they effectively control asthma for nearly every child. Over-the-counter drugs, home remedies, and herbal combinations are not substitutes for prescription asthma medication because they cannot reverse airway obstruction and they do not address the cause of many asthma flares.


Question: Why are warning signs important for children with asthma?

Answer: Parents with very young children who can't talk often find early warning signs very helpful in predicting and preventing attacks. And early warning signs can be helpful for older children and even teenagers because they can learn to sense little changes in themselves.


Question: How do I identify asthma triggers and symptoms in children?

Answer: Keep a record of when symptoms occur and how long they last. Once patterns are discovered, some of the triggers can be avoided through environmental control measures, which are steps to reduce exposure to a child's allergy triggers. Talk with your doctor about starting with environmental control measures that will limit those allergens and irritants causing immediate problems for a child. Remember that allergies develop over time with continued exposure to allergens, so a child's asthma triggers may change over time.


Question: How can I control irritants that trigger asthma?

Answer: To control irritants: Do not smoke (or allow others to smoke) at home, even when a child is not present. Do not burn wood fires in fireplaces or wood stoves. Avoid strong odors from paint, perfume, hair spray, disinfectants, chemical cleaners, air fresheners, and glues.


Question: Why is it important to learn more about asthma and its triggers?

Answer: Learning more about asthma and asthma treatment is the secret to successful asthma control. There are several organizations you can contact for information, videos, books, educational video games, and pamphlets.


Question: What can you do about outdoor asthma triggers for children?

Answer: Outdoor controls When mold or pollen counts are high, give your child medications recommended by your doctor (usually an antihistamine like Zyrtec or Claritin) before going outdoors. After playing outdoors, the child should bathe and change clothes. Drive with the car windows shut and air conditioning on during mold and pollen seasons. Don't let a child mow the grass or rake leaves. In some cases, the doctor may recommend immunotherapy, a way of gradually improving your child's tolerance of allergens that bother him, when control measures and medications are not effective.


Question: Can you reverse sun damage?

Answer: Fortunately, experts are shedding light on ways you can reverse some problems caused by the sun. It's not possible to erase all of the damage, but there are some steps you can take for these common conditions.


Question: How does sunburn happen?

Answer: Sunburns happen when there's damage to the DNA in your skin cells. Over time, these injuries add up and lead to physical changes like wrinkles and skin cancer.


Question: How can you get rid of dry skin?

Answer: The sun can parch your skin, leaving with you rough patches. But you don't have to be stuck with the lizard look. Use a scrub or loofah to gently exfoliate and remove the top layer of dead skin cells to reveal the soft skin beneath. Then moisturize with lotion. If you're sunburned, skip petroleum-based products, which trap in heat. Also drink plenty of water during the day.


Question: How can you prevent the damage from a sunburn?

Answer: While there are plenty of things you can do to ease the pain, there are only a few ways you can counteract the damage before it's there for good. Wear a broad spectrum sunscreen -- and reapply it at least every 80 minutes -- and try to stick to the shade. You'll protect yourself from future UV radiation and give your skin's enzymes time to repair some of the damaged DNA.


Question: When should you see a dermatologist about sun damage?

Answer: If sun damage gives you any new or changing marks, let your dermatologist know. They could be a sign of skin cancer. And protect yourself from future UV harm with sun-safe habits. Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., and wear protective clothing and a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Apply a thick layer of sunscreen to all exposed skin, and reapply every 80 minutes when out and after swimming and sweating.


Question: How can prescription creams help with actinic keratosis?

Answer: Many of the treatments that repair other sun damage may also work for AK, such as cryotherapy, chemical peels, and laser therapy. You can also try: Prescription creams/gels. Your doctor can prescribe a few different drugs you put on your skin to treat sun-damaged areas. Imiquimod ( Aldara, Zyclara) causes your skin to create a chemical called interferon that kills precancerous cells.5-fluorouracil ( Carac, Efudex, Fluoroplex) is another drug that destroys fast-growing AK cells. A newer treatment called ingenol mebutate ( Picato) treats the patches within 2-3 days. If your skin is too sensitive for these creams, hyaluronic acid paired with the drug diclofenac ( Solaraze) can treat AK.


Question: How do you get wrinkles?

Answer: Your skin makes a chemical called melanin to protect itself against UV rays.


Question: How can you treat melasma?

Answer: You can reverse melasma with many of the same treatments that work for age spots, such as skin-lightening creams. One study found that hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid all worked well in reducing the splotches. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy are also options. Most important, strict sun avoidance and liberal use of broad-spectrum sunscreens that protect against UVA, UVB, and visible light are a must for successful treatment of melasma.


Question: How does microdermabrasion help with wrinkles?

Answer: Microdermabrasion: This technique uses tiny grains, crystals, or diamond tips to remove the outer layer of skin. It also prompts the growth of collagen.


Question: How does beta-carotene help with wrinkles?

Answer: Try these treatments to iron out those wrinkles: Beta-carotene: Research shows that this antioxidant makes skin more supple and flexible and reduces sun-related wrinkles. You can find it in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, spinach, and cantaloupe, or in a supplement.


Question: How do chemical peels help with wrinkles?

Answer: Chemical peels: This treatment removes damaged cells from the upper layers of your skin. Options can range from alpha-hydroxy or salicylic acid cream you apply yourself to a medium-depth peel, which you get from a dermatologist.


Question: What are hamartomas?

Answer: These are some of the more common types of benign lung tumors: Hamartomas are the most common type of benign lung tumor and the third most common cause of solitary pulmonary nodules. These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung.


Question: What are benign lung tumors

Answer: Benign lung tumors may grow from many different structures in the lung. Determining whether a nodule is a benign tumor or an early stage of cancer is very important. That's because early detection and treatment of lung cancer can greatly enhance your survival.


Question: How are benign lung nodules and tumors diagnosed?

Answer: In addition to taking a history and doing a physical exam, your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years or longer if the nodule is smaller than 6 millimeters and your risk is low. If the nodule remains the same size for at least two years, it is considered benign. That's because benign lung nodules grow slowly, if at all. On the other hand, cancerous nodules, on average, double in size every four months. Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign.


Question: What is a lung nodule?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A nodule is a "spot on the lung," seen on an X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan. In fact, a nodule shows up on about one in every 500 chest X-rays. Normal lung tissue surrounds this small round or oval solid overgrowth of tissue. It may be a single or solitary pulmonary nodule. Or, you may have multiple nodules.


Question: Are lung nodules different than lung cancer?

Answer: In many cases, though, a lung nodule turns out to be benign.


Question: What are the most common benign lung tumors?

Answer: These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. Bronchial adenomas make up about half of all benign lung tumors. They are a diverse group of tumors that arise from mucous glands and ducts of the windpipe or large airways of the lung. A mucous gland adenoma is an example of a true benign bronchial adenoma. Rare neoplasms may include chondromas, fibromas, or lipomas -- benign tumors made up of connective tissue or fatty tissue.


Question: What birth defects cause benign lung tumors?

Answer: But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.


Question: How do you know if your lung nodule is benign?

Answer: Your lung nodule is more likely to be benign if: You are younger than age 40.


Question: How is a biopsy done for benign lung tumors and nodules?

Answer: You could have one or more of these tests: Blood tests Tuberculin skin test to check for TB Positron emission tomography ( PET) scan Single-photo emission CT ( SPECT) Magnetic resonance imaging (in rare cases) Biopsy, tissue removal, and examination under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or cancerous A biopsy can be done using a variety of methods such as aspirating cells through a needle or removing a sample of them using bronchoscopy. This procedure allows your doctor to look at your airway through a thin viewing instrument.


Question: What are noninfectious causes of benign lung tumors?

Answer: But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.


Question: Is there an anthrax vaccine, and for whom is it intended?

Answer: The anthrax vaccine isn't approved for use after exposure, but that might change in an emergency situation, such as if anthrax were used in terrorism. In that case, people who are exposed would need three shots of the vaccine over 4 weeks, and also take antibiotics of 60 days.


Question: How do you get anthrax?

Answer: You can't get it unless the spores get into your body, either through a cut or because you breathe them in or drink or eat something that's contaminated with spores that contain the bacteria. You cannot catch anthrax from someone else.


Question: What are the risks of anesthesia?

Answer: As a matter of fact, not only have errors become relatively uncommon, but experts say anesthesia is one of the safest areas of health care today.


Question: What are the symptoms of arterial clots?

Answer: Symptoms You may not have any at first. As the clot grows or blocks more of your blood flow, you might notice any of the following: Cold arm or leg Fingers or hands that feel cool to the touch Muscle pain or spasm in the affected area Numbness or tingling in your arm or leg Weakness of the affected limb Loss of color in the affected limb These form in your veins.


Question: What can happen if deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is left untreated?

Answer: Left untreated, a DVT can turn into a pulmonary embolism. Call 911 if you have pain, swelling, or tenderness in your leg, and: You can't breathe. You have chest pain.


Question: What type of blood clot is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: This is also called a âvenous thrombosis.â It's a blood clot that forms in a major vein deep in your body. It usually happens in your lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. But it can also form in other parts of your body, like your arm, brain, intestines, liver, or kidney.


Question: What type of blood clot is pulmonary embolism?

Answer: It's a DVT that breaks off and travels up your leg to your lungs, where it gets stuck. It can be fatal.


Question: What is superficial venous thrombosis?

Answer: This is a blood clot that forms in a vein close to the surface of the skin. They don't normally break loose and travel through the bloodstream.


Question: What are the symptoms of superficial venous thrombosis?

Answer: Symptoms If your vein is near your skin's surface (superficial venous thrombosis), these may include: Painful, swollen, inflamed skin over the affected vein A vein that feels hard or painfully tender to the touch Red skin over the affected vein If you have a DVT, you may notice the following: The affected leg is swollen (sometimes both legs swell).


Question: What are arterial clots?

Answer: These form in your arteries -- the blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart. Arterial clots block blood and oxygen from reaching your vital organs. They can lead to tissue damage. Often, they occur in your legs and feet. Sometimes, they happen in your brain, where they can lead to stroke. Or, they may form in your heart, where they can cause a heart attack. Arterial clots can also take root in your kidneys, intestines, or eyes, though this is rare.


Question: What happens after your colonoscopy?

Answer: After your colonoscopy: You will stay in a recovery room for about 30 minutes for observation You may feel some cramping or a sensation of having gas, but this usually passes quickly You can resume your normal diet Read your discharge instructions carefully. Certain medications, such as blood-thinning agents, may need to be avoided temporarily if biopsies were taken or polyps were removed.


Question: How do you prepare for a colonoscopy?

Answer: You may need to take antibiotics before the colonoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure There may be some diet or fluid restrictions before you have a colonoscopy, but this will vary according to your doctor's instructions. You may be asked to limit or eliminate solid foods for a few days before the test. You may also be asked to take laxatives by mouth. Make sure you arrange for a driver to bring you home after the colonoscopy. Because you receive sedating medication during the procedure, it is unsafe for you to drive or operate machinery for 8 hours after the procedure.


Question: When do you need to take antibiotics before a colonoscopy?

Answer: You may need to take antibiotics before the colonoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure There may be some diet or fluid restrictions before you have a colonoscopy, but this will vary according to your doctor's instructions.


Question: How do doctors diagnose autism?

Answer: An autism diagnosis starts with a parent answering a questionnaire about the child, often about behaviors that started when they were very young. Further tests and tools may include more questionnaires, surveys, and checklists, as well as interviews and observed activities.


Question: How do doctors diagnose ADHD?

Answer: To diagnose ADHD, doctors look for a pattern of behaviors over time like being distracted or forgetful, not following through, having trouble waiting for a turn, and fidgeting or squirming. They'll ask for feedback from parents, teachers, and other adults that care for the child. A doctor will also try to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms.


Question: What should parents study to understand their child more?

Answer: You should also study how your child is learning to communicate. Although kids with either condition struggle to interact with others, those with autism tend to be self-centered. They often have a hard time putting words to their thoughts and feelings, and they may not be able to point to an object to give meaning to their speech. They find it hard to make eye contact.


Question: What are some common traits of people with ADHD and autism?

Answer: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and autism can look a lot like each other. Children with either condition can have problems focusing. They can be impulsive or have a hard time communicating. They may have trouble with schoolwork and with relationships.


Question: How are ADHD and autism different?

Answer: Keep an eye on how your child pays attention. Those with autism struggle to focus on things that they don't like, such as reading a book or doing a puzzle. And they may fixate on things that they do like, such as playing with a particular toy. Kids with ADHD lose initial interest, and they dislike and avoid things they'll have to concentrate on.


Question: How do doctors treat ADHD?

Answer: There's no one-size-fits-all way to deal with ADHD. Younger kids start with behavior therapy, and the doctor may prescribe medication if symptoms don't improve enough. Older kids will usually get both. ADHD symptoms, and their treatment, may change over time.


Question: What are some traits associated with autism?

Answer: An autistic child loves order and repetition, but one with ADHD doesn't, even if it helps them. A child with autism might want the same type of food at a favorite restaurant, for instance, or become overly attached to one toy or shirt. They'll become upset when routines change.


Question: What are some traits associated with ADHD?

Answer: A child with ADHD, on the other hand, may talk nonstop. They're more likely to interrupt when someone else is speaking or butt in and try to monopolize a conversation.


Question: What does an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury feel like?

Answer: What you'll feel: Pain in your shoulder. You might also see a bump on top of the shoulder where it's separated.


Question: How can you get a rotator cuff injury?

Answer: How it can get hurt: Sports that involve lifting your hands over your head -- like pitching in baseball, swimming the freestyle or butterfly stroke, serving in tennis, and weightlifting -- can cause the top part of the shoulder blade to pinch the rotator cuff muscles. Doctors call this âshoulder impingement.â Repetitive motion in sports can also overload the tendons of the rotator cuff. Over time, they can swell and get inflamed. Doctors call this tendinitis. If you ignore the pain and keep swinging that golf club or tennis racket, the tendon that connects the rotator cuff muscles to the ball part of the joint can eventually tear.


Question: How do you treat a rotator cuff injury?

Answer: Treatment: Your doctor may suggest that you rest your shoulder for a few days, then start rotator cuff stretches and exercises so that this area gets stronger and moves well. Don't lift anything above shoulder level until the injury heals. An anti-inflammatory medication or corticosteroid injection may help bring down swelling and ease pain. If the pain and weakness don't improve, you might need physical therapy or surgery.


Question: How is a dislocated shoulder treated?

Answer: Treatment: Don't let anyone work on your shoulder unless you're sure they are trained and have experience in doing this. Otherwise, it could make matters worse. Instead, see your doctor, who may give you a sedative or pain medicine before sliding your upper arm bone gently back into its socket. You'll have to keep the shoulder still for a few weeks afterward in a sling. If your shoulder is being stubborn and it won't go back in place, you may need surgery to move the joint. Surgery can also repair torn ligaments or tendons in your shoulder.


Question: How can you dislocate your shoulder?

Answer: When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, doctors call that âsubluxation.â How it can get injured : A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket. You can also get a dislocated shoulder if you rotate your shoulder joint too far, like when you're serving in volleyball.


Question: How can you get an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?

Answer: How it can get hurt : You might get hit hard in the shoulder or fall on an outstretched hand.


Question: How can you prevent a rotator cuff injury?

Answer: Prevention: Exercise your rotator cuff muscles to keep them strong and improve your range of motion. Be careful when you play sports like golf and tennis that use the same repetitive motions. Switch up your game once in a while. And stop whenever you feel pain.


Question: How can you prevent an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?

Answer: Prevention: Do range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. Gradually increase the weight and number of reps to strengthen your shoulder.


Question: What is an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?

Answer: What it is : The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is where the uppermost part of your shoulder blade -- a structure called the acromion -- meets your collarbone. When ligaments connecting the acromion and collarbone get torn, you've got a separated shoulder.


Question: What does a rotator cuff injury feel like?

Answer: What you'll feel: Pain is the main symptom of a rotator cuff injury. The pain gets worse when you raise your arm, and you might hear a click or popping sound. Eventually, the shoulder will hurt even when you're not moving it. A rotator cuff injury can limit your shoulder movement and cut your strength.


Question: What is a dislocated shoulder?

Answer: What it is : A dislocated shoulder happens when the top of the upper arm bone (the âballâ) slips out of its socket. The ball can slip forward, backward, or downward. Before you fully dislocate it, the shoulder might feel like it's starting to go out of place. That's called instability. When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, doctors call that âsubluxation.â How it can get injured : A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket.


Question: What does a dislocated shoulder feel like?

Answer: What you'll feel: You can feel when your shoulder pops out of place. The pop will be followed by intense pain. You might also have swelling, bruising, and weakness in the arm.


Question: How is an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury treated?

Answer: Treatment: You'll need to see your doctor if you think you might have an AC joint injury. You will probably need to wear a sling to keep your shoulder still. Ice the area for about 20-30 minutes every couple of hours to cut swelling. Take acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen to help with the pain.


Question: How is multiple sclerosis (MS) treated?

Answer: Medicines that slow MS and prevent flare-ups include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon ( Avonex, Betaseron, Extavia, Rebif) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Doctors also prescribe steroid medicines to ease inflammation during MS flare-ups.


Question: How does Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) affect your nervous system?

Answer: GBS damages the peripheral nervous system. That's the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. They help the central nervous system communicate with the rest of your body, including the skin, heart, and muscles. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP) shares many of the same symptoms as GBS, but CIDP lasts much longer, and if not caught early enough, can cause lasting damage.


Question: How are Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) treated?

Answer: The two main treatments for GBS and CIDP are: Plasma exchange: Blood is removed from your body. Plasma -- the liquid part of blood -- is separated from the white and red blood cells. Then the cells are returned to your body along with donor plasma or a plasma substitute. Getting rid of the plasma takes out antibodies. They are part of that immune system response that damages nerves. Immunoglobulin therapy: This uses an IV to deliver proteins the body normally uses to attack viruses and bacteria. That eases the immune system's attack on nerves. Still, doctors aren't sure how they work.


Question: How does chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) start?

Answer: CIDP starts much like GBS but as the disease progresses, the myelin which protects the nerves is damaged or removed entirely, causing nerves to either function abnormally or stop working altogether, With MS, a few things might be at play, including: Infections, such as from the Epstein- Barr virus, herpes, or Chlamydia pneumoniae Genes Too little vitamin D Smoking MS, GBS, and CIDP each affect nerve signals.


Question: What is the outlook for Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)?

Answer: People with GBS can have severe symptoms, but they usually make a full recovery. GBS often gets better after a few weeks, but the weakness it causes can continue for years. Sometimes, the numbness and tingling will come back years after the first attack of symptoms. Early recognition is key to halting the progression of CIDP. Up to 30% of CIDP patients will progress to wheelchair dependence.


Question: How does Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome start?

Answer: GBS often starts a few days or weeks after an infection like the cold, flu, or stomach illness. Recently, experts have seen a rise in the number of people with the mosquito-borne Zika virus who also have GBS.


Question: What is the timeframe for the onset of multiple sclerosis, Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS), and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)?

Answer: Common symptoms of both include: Weakness Numbness Tingling in the arms and legs GBS symptoms usually start within a day and spread from the legs to the upper body. Unlike GBS where symptoms eventually ease and patients can recover, CIDP progresses and patients could have permanent disabilities. MS often starts in a few days, but sometimes symptoms don't show up for a while.


Question: What are the differences between multiple sclerosis and Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome?

Answer: Each condition affects a different part of your nervous system: MS damages the central nervous system. That's the brain and spinal cord.


Question: How does multiple sclerosis (MS) affect your nervous system?

Answer: Each condition affects a different part of your nervous system: MS damages the central nervous system. That's the brain and spinal cord.


Question: What is the outlook for Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) and multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: MS is a lifelong disease. Although its symptoms can come and go, there is no cure. Some people have more frequent and severe attacks of symptoms. The future for people with MS has improved a lot, thanks to new medicines. Today, most people with MS are still able to walk 20 years after they're diagnosed. People with GBS can have severe symptoms, but they usually make a full recovery. GBS often gets better after a few weeks, but the weakness it causes can continue for years. Sometimes, the numbness and tingling will come back years after the first attack of symptoms.


Question: What is Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) and multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: They're not the same, but they do have a lot of similarities. Both MS and GBS are autoimmune diseases. This means they cause your body's immune system to attack its own tissues. They both start when the immune system attacks and damages something called myelin. That's a layer of insulation that surrounds nerves. It also helps nerves transmit their messages.


Question: What cause multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly what causes MS, GBS, or CIDP.


Question: What symptoms are caused by the numbness from multiple sclerosis?

Answer: But the condition can also cause: Bladder problems Dizziness Fatigue Pain Tight muscles Trouble speaking and swallowing Vision problems GBS brings weakness that may last years.


Question: What medicines slow multiple sclerosis and prevent flare-ups?

Answer: Medicines that slow MS and prevent flare-ups include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon ( Avonex, Betaseron, Extavia, Rebif) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Doctors also prescribe steroid medicines to ease inflammation during MS flare-ups.


Question: How is plasma exchange used to treat Guillain-BarrÃ© syndrome (GBS) and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)?

Answer: Plasma -- the liquid part of blood -- is separated from the white and red blood cells. Then the cells are returned to your body along with donor plasma or a plasma substitute. Getting rid of the plasma takes out antibodies.


Question: What are some symptoms of eczema?

Answer: People usually have their first eczema symptoms when they're babies. But children and adults can have the condition. No two people have exactly the same symptoms. In general, the disease often appears as skin patches that can be: Very itchy Red Dry Swollen Sore Rashes tend to come and go. With time, they can get crusty and scaly. Some types of eczema can also blister, leak fluid, crack, or peel. An infection or too much scratching can make your symptoms worse. It can even make your skin thick and leathery.


Question: Where are the most common places eczema can show up on the body?

Answer: You can have eczema anywhere on your body, but it often shows up on the: Insides of your elbows Backs of your knees Face, often on the cheeks Behind the ears Buttocks Hands and feet Sometimes, you may have other skin changes along with eczema, such as small raised bumps or hives. Or, you might have an extra fold of skin under your eyes.


Question: What is an arthroscopic technique for hip impingement surgery?

Answer: Often, surgery for hip impingement can be performed arthroscopically. This technique involves inserting a lighted scope and thin tools through small incisions over your hip instead of making a large incision. Arthroscopy is usually an outpatient surgery.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose hip impingement?

Answer: If you have symptoms of hip impingement, your doctor can diagnose the problem based on your description of your symptoms, a physical exam, and the findings of imaging tests.


Question: When should you call 911 for an asthma attack?

Answer: Having a hard time breathing Constantly coughing Unable to talk, eat, or play Vomiting Turning blue in the lips or fingers Convulsing while breathing (using stomach muscles excessively to breathe) If he does not have the above symptoms but is still complaining of trouble breathing or coughing, do the following: 1.


Question: What are the different stages of prolapsed uterus?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Muscle weakness or relaxation may allow your uterus to sag or come completely out of your body in various stages: First degree: The cervix drops into the vagina. Second degree: The cervix drops to the level just inside the opening of the vagina. Third degree: The cervix is outside the vagina. Fourth degree: The entire uterus is outside the vagina. This condition is also called procidentia.


Question: How is a prolapsed uterus diagnosed?

Answer: Seek medical care immediately if you experience any of the following: Obstruction or difficulty in urination and/or bowel movement Complete uterine prolapse (your uterus comes out of your vagina) Your health care provider can diagnose uterine prolapse with a medical history and physical examination of the pelvis. The doctor may need to examine you in standing position and while you are lying down and ask you to cough or strain to increase the pressure in your abdomen. Specific conditions, such as ureteral obstruction due to complete prolapse, may need an intravenous pyelogram ( IVP) or renal sonography. Dye is injected into your vein, and a series of X-rays are taken to view its progress through your bladder. Ultrasound may be used to rule out other pelvic problems. In this test, a wand is passed over your abdomen or inserted into your vagina to create images with sound waves.


Question: What causes a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: The following conditions can cause a prolapsed uterus: Pregnancy/childbirths with normal or complicated delivery through the vagina Weakness in the pelvic muscles with advancing age Weakening and loss of tissue tone after menopause and loss of natural estrogen Conditions leading to increased pressure in the abdomen such as chronic cough (with bronchitis and asthma), straining (with constipation), pelvic tumors (rare), or an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen Being overweight or obese with its additional strain on pelvic muscles Major surgery in the pelvic area leading to loss of external support Smoking Other risk factors include: Excess weight lifting Being Caucasian Family history Symptoms of a prolapsed uterus include: A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis (you may describe it as a feeling of sitting on a small ball) Low back pain Feeling that something is coming out of your vagina Painful sexual intercourse Difficulty with urination or moving your bowels Discomfort walking Notify your health care provider if you experience any of the following symptoms: You feel the cervix near the opening of the vaginal canal or you feel pressure in your vaginal canal and the feeling of something coming out of your vagina.


Question: What is a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: Your uterus (or womb) is normally held in place inside your pelvis with various muscles, tissue, and ligaments. Because of pregnancy, childbirth or difficult labor and delivery, in some women these muscles weaken. Also, as a woman ages and with a natural loss of the hormone estrogen, her uterus can drop into the vaginal canal, causing the condition known as a prolapsed uterus.


Question: What is follow-up treatment for a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: If you had surgery, you need to follow up according to your surgeon's advice. If you have a pessary inserted in your vagina, it needs to be cleaned and checked by your health care provider for the correct position and fit at regular intervals unless you are instructed on how to remove it and clean it yourself at home. If you have been told to do Kegel exercises, you should have a regular follow-up visit so that your health care provider can check the progress of your muscle strength.


Question: What medications treat a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: Estrogen (a hormone) cream or suppository ovules or rings inserted into the vagina help in restoring the strength and vitality of tissues in the vagina. But estrogen is only for use in select postmenopausal women.


Question: Is there any way to help memory loss and confusion due to "chemo brain"?

Answer: There are other things that can help too, including: Some stimulants and antidepressants Exercise -- even 5 minutes a day Plenty of sleep and rest Exercising your brain with puzzles, playing an instrument, or learning a new hobby Simple strategies can help with memory loss and confusion. Try these tips: Carry a daily to-do list with reminders. Don't multitask. Do one thing at a time so you're not distracted. Put sticky notes around your home and office. Set reminders on your smartphone, too.


Question: What are some strategies to help with memory loss from chemo brain?

Answer: There are other things that can help too, including: Some stimulants and antidepressants Exercise -- even 5 minutes a day Plenty of sleep and rest Exercising your brain with puzzles, playing an instrument, or learning a new hobby Simple strategies can help with memory loss and confusion. Try these tips: Carry a daily to-do list with reminders. Don't multitask. Do one thing at a time so you're not distracted. Put sticky notes around your home and office. Set reminders on your smartphone, too.


Question: Does chemo brain really happen?

Answer: Studies show that cancer and its treatment causes changes in the brain.


Question: How is a chemo brain diagnosed?

Answer: Symptoms include trouble with: Concentrating and paying attention Remembering names, dates, and everyday things Finding the right word or doing simple math (like balancing your checkbook) Doing more than one thing at a time Mood swings If you're in a mental fog, talk to your doctor. He will ask about your symptoms. He will also want to know when your problems started and how they affect your everyday life. Your doctor may ask what makes your symptoms worse and better. Do you, for example, feel better in the morning than at night? Does it help when you're active, when you eat, or after you've rested? Bring a list of all the medicines you take, even if they aren't for cancer.


Question: How is "chemo brain" diagnosed?

Answer: Symptoms include trouble with: Concentrating and paying attention Remembering names, dates, and everyday things Finding the right word or doing simple math (like balancing your checkbook) Doing more than one thing at a time Mood swings If you're in a mental fog, talk to your doctor. He will ask about your symptoms. He will also want to know when your problems started and how they affect your everyday life. Your doctor may ask what makes your symptoms worse and better. Do you, for example, feel better in the morning than at night? Does it help when you're active, when you eat, or after you've rested? Bring a list of all the medicines you take, even if they aren't for cancer.


Question: What if "chemo brain" doesn't go away after treatment?

Answer: For those with lasting symptoms, researchers are looking at medicines for diseases like depression, ADHD, Alzheimer's, and dementia. But more testing needs to be done. If you have chemo brain that persists and you've tried all the self-help tips, talk with a neuropsychologist. This is a doctor who specializes in the brain and can help with attention span and memory. He will find areas where you need help and tell you if other treatable problems like depression, anxiety, and fatigue are to blame.


Question: What conditions have been linked to male pattern baldness?

Answer: Male pattern baldness generally isn't a sign of a serious medical problem, but it has been linked with some other conditions including coronary heart disease, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. If you notice your hair starting to fall out, keep track of the pattern and how much you're losing. You can talk to your doctor to rule out a more serious problem.


Question: Are there potential side effects of systemic psoriasis drugs?

Answer: At the same time, systemic psoriasis drugs can have more side effects. Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you.


Question: What are the different levels of psoriasis?

Answer: Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected.


Question: How is the severity of psoriasis divided?

Answer: If you're thinking about systemic treatment, think about how severe your psoriasis is. Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. A doctors' rule of thumb: Topical therapies can help limited psoriasis. For moderate to severe psoriasis, putting topical creams to all the skin that's affected may be unrealistic. Most doctors recommend systemic treatment, in that case. Doctors also often recommend that people still use topical creams, solutions, or ointments while taking systemic treatments. The combination leads to better results than either treatment used alone.


Question: What are the topical therapies used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: A topical therapy is any psoriasis treatment that's put on the skin. Absorption into the bloodstream and other effects to your body are minimal. Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body.


Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis?

Answer: Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. These treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Advanced psoriasis treatments include: Oral medications (pills) like acitretin ( Soriatane), apremilast ( Otezla), cyclosporine, and methotrexate Biologic therapies, including adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Remicade), ixekizumab ( Taltz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), and ustekinumab ( Stelara). These are injectable drugs. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.


Question: What are concerns regarding the use of ephedrine for the treatment of diabetes?

Answer: In 2003, ephedrine-- also known as ma huang -- became the first herbal stimulant ever banned by the FDA. A popular component of anti-obesity over-the-counter drugs, ephedrine was found to have some benefits. However, the evidence of its ability to cause harm was far more compelling. In high doses, it has been known to cause insomnia (difficulty falling and staying asleep), high blood pressure, glaucoma, and urinary retention. This herbal supplement has also been associated with numerous cases of stroke.


Question: Are herbs helpful for diabetes?

Answer: There are few or no clinical trials with promising results for many of the other herbs being proposed for diabetes, such as garlic, ginger, ginseng, hawthorn, or nettle. If you have diabetes and are considering taking any of these herbal substances, talk to your doctor first.


Question: What should you do before using herbal products for diabetes?

Answer: When considering treating diabetes with an herbal product, you should: Discuss any drugs you are thinking of using, including herbal products, with your doctor before taking them. If you experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, or skin rashes, stop taking the herbal product and notify your doctor immediately. Avoid preparations made with more than one herb. Beware of commercial claims of what herbal products can do. Look for scientific-based sources of information. Select brands carefully. Only purchase brands that list the herb's common and scientific name, the name and address of the manufacturer, a batch and lot number, expiration date, dosage guidelines, along with potential side effects.


Question: What supplements are suggested for treating diabetes?

Answer: Supplements Chromium has been widely publicized as therapy to improve diabetes control. Although there are several studies that support a role for chromium as beneficial in diabetes, other studies do not confirm this. Currently there are no recommendations for its use in diabetes management. Magnesium has been studied for years as a form of therapy to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes. A lack of magnesium has been associated with insulin secretion abnormalities and has been associated with diabetes complications. Vanadium is derived from plant sources and has been shown in a few studies to increase a person's sensitivity to insulin. Thus far, no recommendations exist for supplementation to be given to people with diabetes.


Question: What are concerns regarding the use of chitosan for the treatment of diabetes?

Answer: Chitosan is derived from seashells and has the ability to bind to fat and prevent its absorption. Although it is purported to facilitate weight loss, available studies have not been encouraging.


Question: What alternative treatments for diabetes have been associated with  liver disease, pulmonary disease, and kidney disease?

Answer: Germander, momordica charanta, sauropus androgynus, and aristolochic acid have been associated with liver disease, pulmonary disease, and kidney disease.


Question: Can alternative weight loss therapies help with diabetes?

Answer: Since weight and diabetes are linked, many people with diabetes turn to alternative therapies that claim to help with weight loss, including: Chitosan Camsogia Garcinia (hydroxycitric acid) Chromium Pyruvate Germander Momordica charanta Sauropus androgynus Aristolochic acid In addition, transdermal (skin patch) systems as well as oral sprays have been developed to purportedly reduce appetite and facilitate weight loss. One patch system uses homeopathic amounts of 29 different compounds to reduce appetite, but no published literature on its efficacy is available.


Question: What should you consider when using plant-based foods as an alternative treatment to diabetics?

Answer: There are few or no clinical trials with promising results for many of the other herbs being proposed for diabetes, such as garlic, ginger, ginseng, hawthorn, or nettle. If you have diabetes and are considering taking any of these herbal substances, talk to your doctor first.


Question: What plant-based foods can help diabetics?

Answer: Brewer's yeast Buckwheat Broccoli and other related greens Okra Peas Fenugreek seeds Sage Most plant foods are rich in fiber, which is beneficial for helping control blood sugar levels.


Question: How can doctors determine the prognosis for prostate cancer?

Answer: When you have prostate cancer, your treatment plan and outlook depend on how far the cancer has spread at the time you're diagnosed. Doctors use a system called staging to figure out how the cancer affects your prostate and how far it has spread.


Question: How does prostate cancer spread?

Answer: Prostate cancer grows within the prostate gland, often for many years. Over time, the cancer spreads outside the prostate. This happens in one of three ways: It grows into nearby tissues (invasion) It spreads through your system of lymph nodes and lymph vessels It travels to distant tissues through your blood (metastasis) Prostate cancer stages describe how far the cancer has spread.


Question: How are triglycerides measured?

Answer: Your doctor may give you a common test called a lipid panel. It checks for different types of cholesterol, including the levels of the "good" kind and the "bad" kind. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone 21 and older get a lipid panel at least every 5 years. The levels are checked after an overnight fast. Fat from a recent meal can muddy the picture. These tests are important because you rarely have any symptoms when your triglycerides are high, unlike with many other conditions.


Question: What should you know about triglycerides?

Answer: Simply put, they are fat in the blood. They are used to give energy to your body. If you have extras, they are stored in different places in case they are needed later. A high level has been linked to a greater chance for heart disease. But just what your own level means and how much it helps to lower it is sometimes less clear. You and your doctor have ways to lower your level if it is running high.


Question: When should you call a doctor about atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Call your doctor if your heart doesn't go back into a normal rhythm within a few minutes, or your symptoms get worse. Call 911 right away if you have these symptoms, which could be signs of a heart attack or stroke: Pain or pressure in the middle of your chest that lasts more than a few minutes Pain that spreads to your jaw, neck, arms, back, or stomach Nausea Cold sweat Drooping face Arm weakness Trouble speaking Your doctor will do tests to check your heartbeat and the electrical impulses in your heart. These and other tests can show whether you have AFib. If you do have an irregular heartbeat, you can get treatments to bring it back into a normal rhythm. You may also need treatments to lower your heart rate, or you may not need anything done at all. Your doctor may also recommend medication to lower your chance of having a stroke.


Question: Should I mix up positions and tasks when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you work at a desk, make it a point to get up and move around throughout the day. Stretch at your desk, go for a brisk walk at lunchtime, and take the long way to the fax machine or restroom. If you can, switch between standing and sitting. Try to do different things during the day to give your joints a rest. If your job involves repetitive movement, such as turning bolts on machinery or typing, break it up with other duties if possible. Switch back and forth between light and heavy tasks.


Question: How should I lift the right way if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Use your largest and strongest joints to lift items. For instance, always use your leg muscles, bending at the knees, not the waist. Steady yourself with a heavy chair or other piece of furniture if you need to. Rely on your arms to lift rather than your hands. Use your palms or forearms - don't grip them with your fingers. Hold your arms and the item close to your body so you don't strain your back.


Question: Should I ask a pro for help at work if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your employer may be able to set up a professional evaluation of your workspace, so ask your HR department. An occupational or physical therapist can also help you learn how to do tasks on the job with less stress to your joints.


Question: Should I pay attention to posture when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Whether you sit or stand on the job, good posture is extra important with RA. If yours is off, it will stress your joints and can boost fatigue, even when you're sitting down. To get back in alignment, imagine a string from the ceiling to the top of your head. Then lift your head, neck, and shoulders upward along that string. Keep your shoulders relaxed and your pelvis upright -- don't let it tilt forward or backward. And don't lock your knees.


Question: What kind of chair should I use at work to help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Ask for an ergonomic chair that supports your lower spine, reclines, and rotates or swivels so you can move easily from one task to another. If your chair doesn't have back support, put a pillow or rolled-up towel between your lower back and the chair. Sit straight with your back and shoulders against the back of the chair. You may also need to adjust the height of your desk and chair. You should be able to sit with your feet flat on the floor, with your knees slightly higher than your hips. Prop your feet on a stool or book, if necessary.


Question: What are the symptoms of sleep apnea?

Answer: Common sleep apnea symptoms include: Waking up with a very sore or dry throat Loud snoring Occasionally waking up with a choking or gasping sensation Sleepiness or lack of energy during the day Sleepiness while driving Morning headaches Restless sleep Forgetfulness, mood changes, and a decreased interest in sex Recurrent awakenings or insomnia var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286; Audio Jungle; Renars Jurkovskis; Stockbyte; Photo Talk; ukrainec; Brian Chase; Peter Cade; i Stock.


Question: How can a chest X-ray help diagnose tuberculosis?

Answer: If you have a positive skin or blood TB test, your doctor may give you a chest X-ray. They'll look for spots on your lungs or any changes caused by TB.


Question: What is a latent tuberculosis (TB) infection?

Answer: With a latent TB infection, you have the TB bacteria, but you don't feel sick and you have no symptoms. You can't spread TB to anyone else. The only sign that you have a TB infection is a positive TB skin test or blood test. With a latent infection, you'll have a negative chest X-ray and a negative sputum test. About 5% to 10% of people who have a latent TB infection will eventually get active TB disease. Your chance of it depends on your medical history.


Question: How does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for overactive bladder (OAB) work?

Answer: They include: Bruises or bleeding where the needle is inserted Tingling or mild pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS). This procedure strengthens the muscles that control urination. Your doctor places thin wires inside your vagina, if you're female, or in your bottom, if you're male. It delivers pulses of electricity that stimulate your bladder muscles to make them stronger. Studies show that electrical stimulation works better than fake stimulation (placebo) or Kegel exercises to relieve OAB symptoms. It's not clear whether one type of stimulation works better or is safer than another.


Question: How can you get erectile dysfunction (ED) from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: Several treatments for advanced prostate cancer can cause ED, including: Surgery Hormone therapy Radiation to the prostate You can take care of your ED with medicine and other treatments: Sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra) Tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis) Vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) Penile injectable medications such as alprostadil ( Caverject Impulse, Edex, Muse) Vacuum pump.


Question: How can you control symptoms of hormonal changes from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: During treatment, you may: Gain weight Develop breasts or have tenderness Feel depressed Lose muscle mass Develop weaker bones Have hot flashes When your testosterone levels are low, you may also be more likely than other men to have: Diabetes Heart attack High blood pressure You can control many of the symptoms of low testosterone with medication and lifestyle changes. Dietary supplements, such as calcium and vitamin D, along with exercise and weight training, can help boost bone strength and reduce your risk of heart disease and diabetes. Those hormonal changes may be reversible.


Question: How can infertility occur from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: This may happen after some treatments for prostate cancer, such as: Surgery to remove your prostate gland Radiation to your pelvis Chemotherapy Because infertility could be permanent, if you want to have children in the future, you should talk to your doctor about banking your sperm.


Question: How can you treat incontinence from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: When you laugh, cough, or sneeze, you might leak urine or find that you can't control its flow. This can happen after you have surgery to remove your prostate as well as from radiation therapy. Try these tips: Cut back on or avoid alcohol and caffeine. Do Kegel exercises to strengthen the muscles that control the flow of urine.


Question: What are some other risks of hormonal changes from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: During treatment, you may: Gain weight Develop breasts or have tenderness Feel depressed Lose muscle mass Develop weaker bones Have hot flashes When your testosterone levels are low, you may also be more likely than other men to have: Diabetes Heart attack High blood pressure You can control many of the symptoms of low testosterone with medication and lifestyle changes.


Question: How do you know if you are experiencing hormonal changes from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: During treatment, you may: Gain weight Develop breasts or have tenderness Feel depressed Lose muscle mass Develop weaker bones Have hot flashes When your testosterone levels are low, you may also be more likely than other men to have: Diabetes Heart attack High blood pressure You can control many of the symptoms of low testosterone with medication and lifestyle changes.


Question: How can you get diarrhea from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: Penile implants You can get this from: Hormone therapy, especially the combination of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) agonists and anti-androgen therapies Chemotherapy Radiation to the prostate. This is less common with newer, focused techniques.


Question: How can you treat erectile dysfunction (ED) from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: Several treatments for advanced prostate cancer can cause ED, including: Surgery Hormone therapy Radiation to the prostate You can take care of your ED with medicine and other treatments: Sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra) Tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis) Vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) Penile injectable medications such as alprostadil ( Caverject Impulse, Edex, Muse) Vacuum pump. It's a device that uses suction to achieve an erection and an elastic ring to maintain it. Penile implants You can get this from: Hormone therapy, especially the combination of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) agonists and anti-androgen therapies Chemotherapy Radiation to the prostate.


Question: How can you treat hormonal changes from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: The medicines you take to treat advanced prostate cancer are strong. They can cause side effects, but there are lots of ways to manage them.


Question: How can you treat diarrhea from advanced prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: To ease the symptoms, drink 8 to 12 cups of clear liquids every day, such as: Water Ginger ale Sports drinks Broth Also, change your diet. Eat five to six small meals a day rather than three large ones. And try foods that are easy on the stomach, such as: Skinless broiled or baked chicken Rice Boiled potatoes Avoid things that can irritate your intestines, such as: Milk and dairy products Spicy foods Caffeine High-fiber foods Greasy foods Ask your doctor if you need any supplements.


Question: Can I wear sunscreen if I have acne?

Answer: And while red, sunburned skin might temporarily hide your pimples, getting burned too many times can also leave you with premature lines and wrinkles, and increase your risk for skin cancer. You want to protect your skin when you're outside in the sun without slathering on gobs of greasy sunscreen.


Question: Should I use scrubs and masks for acne?

Answer: There's no need to slather your face in day-glo green or mud and scare off all the neighborhood kids. Experts say masks and scrubs do little, if anything, to improve acne. A gentle, non-abrasive cleanser that's formulated for your skin type (oily, dry, or combination) will do a lot more to keep your face pimple-free.


Question: What kind of moisturizer should I use if I have acne prone skin?

Answer: What to look for: Choose a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer labeled "non-comedogenic" -- which is just a fancy way of saying that it won't clog your pores. Also look for ingredients like glycerin and hyaluronic acid, which hold moisture in the skin. What to avoid? Heavy, greasy products that contain pimple-producing ingredients such as cocoa butter, mineral oil, or cold cream.


Question: What kind of sunscreen should I use if I have acne?

Answer: What to look for: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 and a physical blocker like zinc oxide of at least 6% too protect against both UVA and UVB light. A water-based or light liquid-based gel or spray-on sunscreen is best for people who tend to get breakouts. You can also look for light lotions and powder sunscreens. Look for ânoncomedogenicâ on the label, which means it should not clog your skin's pores. Watch out for chemicals such as PABA and benzophenone, which can irritate sensitive skin.


Question: Can I wear makeup when you have acne?

Answer: Today, we use makeup to camouflage our pimples, but applying layer after layer of cover-up when you have acne isn't necessarily the best approach. Makeup can be very good at hiding pimples, but it can also accentuate zits if you use the wrong kind of concealer or slather it on too thickly. The redness and peeling many acne treatments leave behind can look even worse when smeared with thick makeup.


Question: Can I use moisterizers if I have acne?

Answer: In reality, moisturizers are an essential part of the acne skin care routine. The acne treatment your dermatologist prescribed or recommended may contain drying ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, which can suck the moisture out of your skin and leave it looking red and irritated. A good moisturizer will keep the water in your skin and help avoid unsightly drying and peeling.


Question: What kind of makeup should I use if I have acne?

Answer: What to look for: All of your makeup, from blush to eye shadow, should be non-greasy, non-comedogenic (or non-acnegenic), hypoallergenic, non-irritating, and oil-free. Read the ingredients -- the very first one should be water. Mineral-based cosmetics contain added ingredients like silica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide, which both absorb oil and hide redness without irritating skin and causing pimples. Another ingredient to look for is dimethicone, which also conceals redness while smoothing out uneven skin.


Question: Are there acne-friendly aftershave lotions?

Answer: Men with acne need to pay attention to their skin care regimen, too. Shaving can be both a plus and minus for a man's skin. The plus is that shaving each day acts as a natural exfoliant, opening your pores so the excess oil can drain out. But if you shave the wrong way or use the wrong products, you could wind up with more acne. Or, you could get razor bumps, which aren't acne but look a lot like them. Razor bumps pop up when newly cut, sharp-ended hairs turn back into the skin and make the skin swell up.


Question: What are the benefits of dental bridges?

Answer: Bridges can: Restore your smile Restore the ability to properly chew and speak Maintain the shape of your face Distribute the forces in your bite properly by replacing missing teeth Prevent remaining teeth from drifting out of position There are three main types of dental bridges: Traditional bridges involve creating a crown for the tooth or implant on either side of the missing tooth, with a pontic in between. Traditional bridges are the most common type of bridge and are made of either porcelain fused to metal or ceramics. Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth.


Question: Will it be difficult to eat with a dental bridge?

Answer: Until you become accustomed to the bridge, eat soft foods that have been cut into small pieces.


Question: How long do dental bridges last?

Answer: Dental bridges can last five to 15 years and even longer.


Question: What are dental bridges?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dental bridges literally bridge the gap created by one or more missing teeth. A bridge is made up of two or more crowns for the teeth on either side of the gap -- these two or more anchoring teeth are called abutment teeth -- and a false tooth/teeth in between. These false teeth are called pontics and can be made from gold, alloys, porcelain, or a combination of these materials. Dental bridges are supported by natural teeth or implants.


Question: Do beta carotene supplements help treat heart disease?

Answer: There's also no proof that beta-carotene supplements can fight heart disease. Some studies show that people who smoke or drink heavily and take beta-carotene supplements are actually more likely to get it.


Question: Do antioxidant supplements help prevent heart disease?

Answer: If you're thinking about taking supplements, keep in mind they don't offer the same benefits as the antioxidants you get from food. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF) says there's not enough evidence to show that multivitamins or mineral supplements can lower the odds of getting heart disease.


Question: Do vitamin E supplements help prevent heart disease?

Answer: You can get the same vitamin in foods such as nuts, leafy greens, seed oils, and fortified cereals. There's also no proof that beta-carotene supplements can fight heart disease. Some studies show that people who smoke or drink heavily and take beta-carotene supplements are actually more likely to get it. The USPSTF recommends against taking beta-carotene or vitamin E supplements if your goal is to prevent heart disease.


Question: Where can you get antioxidants for your heart?

Answer: You'll get plenty from fruits, veggies, whole grains, beans, legumes, and nuts. You'll also get fiber and great taste. That's a win-win plan. If you're thinking about taking supplements, keep in mind they don't offer the same benefits as the antioxidants you get from food.


Question: What does the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend for antioxidants supplements for heart disease?

Answer: The USPSTF recommends against taking beta-carotene or vitamin E supplements if your goal is to prevent heart disease. Remember, the recommendation only applies to supplements. According to the USPSTF, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and seafood is linked to a lower risk of heart disease. You can get beta-carotene from fruits and vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and tomatoes.


Question: What causes cervical radiculopathy?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Damage can occur as a result of pressure from material from a ruptured disc, degenerative changes in bones, arthritis or other injuries that put pressure on the nerve roots. In middle-aged people, normal degenerative changes in the discs can cause pressure on nerve roots. In younger people, cervical radiculopathy tends to be the result of a ruptured disc, perhaps as a result of trauma. This disc material then compresses or inflames the nerve root, causing pain.


Question: What is cervical radiculopathy?

Answer: Cervical radiculopathy is the damage or disturbance of nerve function that results if one of the nerve roots near the cervical vertebrae is compressed. Damage to nerve roots in the cervical area can cause pain and the loss of sensation along the nerve's pathway into the arm and hand, depending on where the damaged roots are located.


Question: What are the treatments for cervical radiculopathy?

Answer: Steroids may be prescribed either orally or injected epidurally (into the space surrounding the dura, which is the membrane that surrounds the spinal cord).


Question: Can you treat gallstones without surgery?

Answer: If you have a medical condition and your doctor feels you shouldn't have an operation, he may prescribe the medications chenodiol ( Chenodol), ursodiol ( Actigall, Urso 250, Urso Forte), or both. These drugs work by dissolving cholesterol stones. Mild diarrhea can be a side effect. The downside of using either medication is that you may have to take it for years to completely dissolve the stones, which may come back after you stop taking the drug.


Question: How do doctors diagnose gallstones?

Answer: But if you do get symptoms, they usually include: Pain in your upper belly and upper back that can last for several hours Nausea Vomiting Other digestive problems, including bloating, indigestion and heartburn, and gas If your doctor thinks you may have gallstones, he'll give you a physical exam. You may also get: Blood tests to check for signs of infection or obstruction, and to rule out other conditions. Ultrasound. This quick procedure makes images of the inside of your body. CT scan. Specialized X-rays allow your doctor to see inside your body, including your gallbladder. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP). This test uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio-wave energy to make pictures of the inside of your body, including the liver and the gallbladder. Cholescintigraphy ( HIDA scan). This test can check on whether the gallbladder squeezes correctly. Doctors inject a harmless radioactive material, which makes its way to the organ. The technician can then watch its movement. Endoscopic ultrasound. This test combines ultrasound and endoscopy to look for gallstones. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP). The doctor inserts an endoscope through your mouth down to the small intestine and injects a dye to allow the bile ducts to be seen. He can often then remove any gallstones that have moved into the ducts.


Question: Who is at risk for gallstones?

Answer: You're more likely to get gallstones if: You're obese. This is one of the biggest risk factors. Obesity can raise your cholesterol level and also make it harder for the gallbladder to empty completely. You take birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy for menopause symptoms, or are pregnant. The extra estrogen is the problem. It can increase cholesterol and make it harder for the gallbladder to empty. You have diabetes. People with this condition tend to have higher levels of triglycerides (a type of blood fat), which is a risk factor for gallstones. You take medicine to lower your cholesterol. Some of these drugs boost the amount of cholesterol in bile, which may increase your chances of getting cholesterol stones. You lost weight too quickly. Your liver makes extra cholesterol, which may lead to gallstones. You're fasting. Your gallbladder may not squeeze as much. Gallstones are also more likely if they run in your family, and they're likelier among women, older people, and some ethnic groups, including Native Americans and Mexican- Americans.


Question: What are gallstones?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } They aren't really stones. They're pieces of solid material that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver. You might not even know you have them until they block a bile duct, causing pain that you need to get treated right away.


Question: What happens when you get astigmatic keratotomy to treat astigmatism?

Answer: The surgeon makes tiny cuts on the steepest curves of your cornea. This lets light focus more precisely on your retina. If you have more severe astigmatism, you may have laser surgery instead.


Question: How can you prevent astigmatism?

Answer: There's no known way to prevent astigmatism.


Question: What's the treatment for astigmatism?

Answer: Your eye doctor can correct it with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. But some doctors believe very small amounts of astigmatism are best left untreated.


Question: What causes astigmatism?

Answer: Most with astigmatism are born with it, and no one knows what causes it. If it comes on later, it could result from eye injury or disease.


Question: What foods have conjugated linoleic acid?

Answer: Grass-fed beef may have higher levels of CLA than grain-fed beef. It's also in sunflower and safflower oil. Cooking food may increase levels of CLA.


Question: If I'm pregnant, what can I do to check if my child has cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: If you're pregnant, a follow-up genetic test can show if the fetus has CF. There are two types of tests: Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS): This checks cells from the placenta. It's done after 9 weeks of pregnancy, usually between the 10th and 12th weeks. Amniocentesis : This test uses cells from the amniotic fluid. You can get it between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy.


Question: Does a child need to inherit flawed genes from both parents in order to get cystic fibrosis?

Answer: To have CF, a child needs to inherit two flawed copies of the CFTR gene -- one from each parent. A child with only one copy is called a âcarrier.â That means he doesn't have the disease, but he can pass the gene on to his children.


Question: What causes cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: Cystic fibrosis ( CF) is a serious disease that runs in families. It's caused by a gene that doesn't work properly. Genetic tests can tell if you have this faulty gene.


Question: How are genetic tests used to help patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: They can diagnose CF, or help your doctor prescribe a treatment. Genetic tests can also tell you your chances of having a child with the disease.


Question: Can cystic fibrosis (CF) genetic testing help in family planning?

Answer: Doctors offer genetic, or carrier, testing to all couples who are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. This panel screen allows you to find out your chances of having a child with CF. It may help you make decisions when planning your family.


Question: If my partner and I are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, what are the odds of having a child with the disease?

Answer: If both of you are carriers, there's a 25% chance that your child will have CF.


Question: How is a genetic test for cystic fibrosis (CF) done?

Answer: Genetic material, called DNA, is in your cells. Your doctor will take some of your cells by either drawing blood or gently swabbing the inside of your cheek. He'll send the sample to a lab. There, scientists will look for changes (mutations) to a gene called CFTR.


Question: What food allergies are linked to eczema?

Answer: Food allergies linked to eczema include: Cow's milk and other dairy products Eggs Nuts Soy Wheat How can you tell which foods cause flare-ups?


Question: What should you do to curb eczema flares?

Answer: Here's how: Use only gentle, scent-free soaps, lotions, detergents, and cosmetics. Stay indoors when pollen counts are high. Keep your windows closed and the air conditioning on to keep pollen out of your house. Wash your sheets and pillowcases in hot water every week to kill dust mites. Place dust-mite-proof covers on your mattresses. Keep the humidity in your house set at below 45% to prevent mold growth. Use an exhaust fan while you shower or take a bath to stop mold from growing on your bathroom walls.


Question: How do doctors do allergy tests if you have eczema?

Answer: Your doctor can also test you for allergies by putting a little bit of a substance on or under your skin. If you're allergic, a red bump will pop up. Your doctor may also do a blood test to check for something called Ig E. Your body makes that when you come in contact with something you're allergic to.


Question: When do you need to see an allergist if you have eczema?

Answer: If you have eczema, eating -- or just touching -- certain foods can make your skin flare up. This is most common with young children. Kids younger than 5 who have eczema should get tested for allergies to foods like eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, and soy. No matter what your age, you should see an allergist if you have a reaction to foods.


Question: Can cobra venom treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Can the cobratoxin in snake venom slow down the immune system and help with MS?


Question: What is Reiki?

Answer: This form of energy healing may help boost your body's ability to heal itself. It often includes light touching.


Question: Should I use alternative treatment plans to treat multiple sclerosis or just medications?

Answer: Your best bet is to stick to your treatment plan. Don't stop taking your medication. Talk to your doctor about any complementary medicine or alternative treatment you want to try, especially since it may affect how your drugs work. Together, you can decide if it makes sense and won't do more harm than good.


Question: Are bees ever used to treat any illnesses like multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Bees don't stand up to 21st-century studies.


Question: Can Reiki effectively treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some people find massage in general can soothe stress and be relaxing, but there are no studies that show Reiki eases MS symptoms. That being said, Reiki is generally safe. And some research shows that it helps ease pain and anxiety for people who have cancer.


Question: Are bees used to safely treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Melittin, found in bee venom, supposedly brings down inflammation related to MS. But one study shows that it doesn't. What's more, bee sting therapy could be dangerous if you have a life-threatening reaction to bee venom.


Question: What are other guidelines when taking Aldactone for heart failure?

Answer: Weigh yourself at the same time every day (on the same scale) and record your weight. Call your doctor if you gain 2 pounds in one day or 5 pounds in one week. While taking this drug, have your blood pressure and kidney function tested regularly, as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so that your response to this medication can be monitored.


Question: What are the side effects of Aldactone for heart failure?

Answer: Side effects you may experience with Aldactone include: Extreme tiredness: This side effect may be strongest when you first start taking Aldactone. It should decrease as your body adjusts to the drug. Call your doctor if this symptom persists. Increased urination: This is normal and may last for up to six hours after a dose. Abnormal enlargement of one or both breasts in men: This may be associated with breast pain. Contact your doctor if this symptom persists or is severe. Upset stomach: Take this drug with meals or milk to reduce this symptom. Contact your doctor if this symptom persists or is severe. Skin rash or itching: Stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. Shortness of breath: Call your doctor right away. Confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips: Contact your doctor right away.


Question: What are guidelines for taking medicine with Aldactone?

Answer: Here are some guidelines for taking food and medicine with Aldactone: Aldactone is generally prescribed in combination with an ACE inhibitor, digoxin, other diuretic and beta-blocker. If you experience an increase in side effects after taking your medications together, contact your doctor. Before this drug is prescribed, tell your doctor about all the other medications you are taking, particularly other drugs for high blood pressure, Sandimmune, potassium-containing drugs, digoxin, or lithium. Before this medication is prescribed, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, gout, a history of kidney stones, menstrual problems, or breast enlargement.


Question: How do I take Aldactone for heart failure?

Answer: If you are taking a single dose a day, you may wish to take it in the morning with your breakfast or right after eating your breakfast. If you are taking more than one dose a day, consider taking the last dose no later than 4 p.m so that you are not waking up late at night to urinate. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take the medication will depend on your condition.


Question: What are side effects of Aldactone for heart failure?

Answer: Shortness of breath: Call your doctor right away. Confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips: Contact your doctor right away.


Question: How is aqueous tear-deficient dry eye diagnosed?

Answer: Other health problems that can cause aqueous tear-deficient dry eye include: Viruses Hepatitis C HIV and AIDS Lymphoma Sarcoidosis Hemochromatosis Amyloidosis Graft versus host disease Damage to tear glands or tear ducts If you have dry eye because your glands don't make enough tears, you may notice: Eye pain, burning, or redness Itchy eyes Feeling like there's sand or dirt in your eyes Blurry vision Eyes that feel tired after reading Trouble wearing contact lenses Not being able to produce tears when you cry Your doctor can help you figure out why you don't make enough tears. Because many people with this problem have Sjogren's syndrome, she'll likely test you for it. She'll take your medical history, ask about your symptoms, and give you an exam. She also may send you to get blood tests or to see a specialist. If Sjogren's syndrome isn't the cause, your doctor will check to see if your glands make enough tears.


Question: What are the two major causes of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?

Answer: Two major ones are: Age: The condition gets more common as the years pass. Tear glands have trouble working well as you get older. Sjogren's syndrome: This disease targets the glands that make tears and spit. So it causes dry eye and dry mouth.


Question: Can you get plugs to treat aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?

Answer: Your doctor may decide to plug the drainage holes at the inner corners of your eyes. This can keep the tears that you produce in your eyes for longer periods. After your doctor inserts the special plugs, you shouldn't be able to feel them. Most plugs are temporary, but your doctor may place permanent plugs if she thinks that they're right for you.


Question: What is the Jian Jing or GB21 pressure point?

Answer: Jian Jing, or GB21, is commonly used to treat stress, neck pain, and headaches. It's in your shoulder muscle, and you massage it by pinching the muscle between your thumb and middle finger.


Question: How can acupuncture help with migraines?

Answer: Acupuncture can help treat migraines. In one study, 4 weeks of acupuncture led to fewer headaches for the next 5 months. Even âshamâ acupuncture -- when needles are used in places on the body that aren't known acupuncture points -- can ease migraine pain, though not quite as well as the real thing.


Question: What is acupressure for migraines?

Answer: This treatment involves massaging certain points on the body to relax muscles, balance your natural energy flow, and relieve stress and pain. It's also been part of Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years.


Question: How can you perform acupressure to help with migraines?

Answer: You can do it several times a day: Feng Chi, or GB20 -- short for gallbladder 20 -- refers to an area on the back of your neck. Feel the side of your head to find the ear bone, called the mastoid. Follow it to where your neck meets your skull. Use your thumbs to apply firm pressure and rub the area for a few seconds. Jian Jing, or GB21, is commonly used to treat stress, neck pain, and headaches. It's in your shoulder muscle, and you massage it by pinching the muscle between your thumb and middle finger. He Gu, or LI4 -- short for large intestine 4 -- is a point on your hand that, like GB-21, can be targeted to relieve headaches, stress, neck pain, and more. You'll find it in the thick part of the muscle between your thumb and index finger. Don't massage here if you're pregnant -- it could induce labor. Zhong Zhu, or TE3 -- short for triple energizer -- is another hand point. It's between the knuckles of your pinky and ring finger. Massaging this can help relieve temporal headaches and neck and shoulder tension.


Question: What is the He Gu or L14 pressure point?

Answer: He Gu, or LI4 -- short for large intestine 4 -- is a point on your hand that, like GB-21, can be targeted to relieve headaches, stress, neck pain, and more. You'll find it in the thick part of the muscle between your thumb and index finger. Don't massage here if you're pregnant -- it could induce labor.


Question: What is the Feng Chi or GB20 pressure point?

Answer: You can do it several times a day: Feng Chi, or GB20 -- short for gallbladder 20 -- refers to an area on the back of your neck. Feel the side of your head to find the ear bone, called the mastoid. Follow it to where your neck meets your skull. Use your thumbs to apply firm pressure and rub the area for a few seconds.


Question: What is acupressure?

Answer: This treatment involves massaging certain points on the body to relax muscles, balance your natural energy flow, and relieve stress and pain. It's also been part of Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years.


Question: How is mucus in your poop diagnosed?

Answer: If your doctor thinks the mucus is related to a health problem, you may get a stool test. It's also called a stool culture or stool sample, and it can show whether you have an infection.


Question: Is it normal to see mucus in your poop?

Answer: It can be. If you feel fine and there's only a little mucus, you probably don't need to worry. But it may signal a problem when: There's a lot of mucus. You notice it often. You also see blood. You have diarrhea. You have belly pain.


Question: How do you know which hearing aid is right for you?

Answer: Work with an audiologist to figure out which kind of hearing aid will work best for you, as well as any special features you need. The right device for you depends on: The type of hearing loss you have and how severe it is Your age How well you can manage small devices Your lifestyle Cost.


Question: When should you use a hearing aid?

Answer: The damage can come from: Disease Aging Loud noises Medications Hearing loss that's due to problems with the ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear is called conductive hearing loss. Most of the time, surgery or other medical help can make it better. But those options aren't right for everyone. If you have an open ear canal and a relatively normal external ear, a hearing aid may help.


Question: How can creative visualization help ease the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: In creative visualization, or guided imagery, you imagine a pain-free body. When you feel the emotions that come with those images, they have a better chance of happening in real life. Professional athletes, astronauts, and hospitals across the country use creative visualization.


Question: Can fish oil help with symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: If you've heard good things about fish oil, check with your doctor before trying it. It's rich in omega-3 fatty acids that can help with joint pain or tenderness. But it can be hard on your stomach â¦ and your breath. Some versions of this supplement may contain toxic amounts of mercury or vitamin A, as well.


Question: Where can I find information on when to take insulin?

Answer: Follow your doctor's guidelines on when to take your insulin.


Question: How do you know what type of insulin is best for your diabetes?

Answer: The types of insulin include: Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Pre-mixed Your doctor will work with you to prescribe the type of insulin that's best for you and your diabetes. Making that choice will depend on many things, including: How you respond to insulin. ( How long it takes the body to absorb it and how long it remains active varies from person to person.) Lifestyle choices. The type of food you eat, how much alcohol you drink, or how much exercise you get will all affect how your body uses insulin. Your willingness to give yourself multiple injections per day How often you check your blood sugar Your age Your goals for managing your blood sugar Afrezza, a rapid-acting inhaled insulin, is FDA-approved for use before meals for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.


Question: What types of insulin treat diabetes?

Answer: The types of insulin include: Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Pre-mixed Your doctor will work with you to prescribe the type of insulin that's best for you and your diabetes. Making that choice will depend on many things, including: How you respond to insulin. ( How long it takes the body to absorb it and how long it remains active varies from person to person.)


Question: When should you take your insulin for diabetes?

Answer: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes.


Question: Are there any insulins that aren't tied to mealtimes?

Answer: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes. You'll take detemir ( Levemir) once or twice a day no matter when you eat. And you'll take glargine ( Basaglar, Lantus, Toujeo) once a day, always at the same time. Deglutec is taken once a day, and the time of day can be flexible. But some people do have to pair a long-acting insulin with a shorter-acting type or another medication that does have to be taken at meal time.


Question: How long before eating should I use the different types of insulins?

Answer: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes.


Question: Why are fats good for your dog?

Answer: Fats: Fats give your dog energy. They also help keep your dog's skin and hair healthy. Some important fatty acids for your dog are: Linoleic acid Omega-6 Omega-3 Your dog's body can't make enough essential fatty acids on its own, so he needs to eat food that has them.


Question: Why are proteins good for your dog?

Answer: Proteins: Body tissues are made of proteins. Your dog's body makes only 13 of the 23 amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins. The other 10 have to come from food.


Question: Why is water good for your dogs?

Answer: Water: Even if a dog loses all of his body fat and half his protein, he can survive. But water is so important that he could die if he loses only 10% of the water in his body. Water makes up more than half of an adult dog's body weight. Although canned dog food may have a lot of water in it, it's not enough for your dog. Make sure your dog always has fresh, clean water available.


Question: Why are carbohydrates from plants good for your dog?

Answer: Carbohydrates: Carbs come from plants. When your dog eats grains and vegetables, they get: Sugars Starches Fiber Carbs power the tissues in your dog's body. They also help keep your dog's intestines healthy.