Question: How can probiotics be bad for me?

Answer: There isn't as much research yet, but some people say that probiotics have helped them with: Preventing and treating yeast infections Preventing and treating urinary tract infections Lactose intolerance Skin conditions such as eczema Treating certain stomach and respiratory infections, especially in children Treating allergies and asthma Decreasing inflammation, such as from rheumatoid arthritis Because these good bacteria already exist in the body, they're considered safe for most people. But there are some things to consider. They can trigger an allergic reaction. They might cause mild stomach problems, especially the first few days you start taking them. You might have stomach upset, gas, diarrhea, or bloating. Those symptoms usually go away after your body gets used to them. If you have an immune system problem or another serious health condition, you may have a greater chance of issues.


Question: How will your dentist find out if you have an abscessed tooth?

Answer: If you have an abscess, it'll hurt when he touches the affected tooth. Take an X-ray. This can tell your dentist if you have an abscess and if it has spread to other parts of your mouth.


Question: How is stem cell therapy used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The goal behind a hematopoietic stem cell transplant is to reboot your immune system to stop it from attacking your nervous system. Researchers take special undeveloped cells from the blood or bone marrow of people with MS, then knock out their immune cells with low doses of chemotherapy and radiation. When the saved stem cells get put back into their bodies, they start making new immune cells that hopefully won't go after myelin and brain tissue.


Question: Are hookworms effective in treating multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Hookworms are tiny worms that can live in your small intestine and cause problems with your gut, including pain, diarrhea, and anemia. These intestinal parasites might also be able to stop the immune system from overreacting. One small study of 12 people with MS found that those who were infected with hookworms had fewer lesions than those who weren't infected. In 2012, researchers in the UK began recruiting people with MS for a study to see if hookworms could alter the course of MS. Watch for results in the next several years.


Question: What are the benefits of exercise in adults with ADHD?

Answer: Fitness can have the following benefits for adults with ADHD: Ease stress and anxiety. Improve impulse control and reduce compulsive behavior. Enhance working memory. Improve executive function. That's the set of skills needed to plan, organize, and remember details. Increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. That's a protein involved in learning and memory. It's in short supply in people with ADHD.


Question: What are the other benefits of exercise relative to ADHD symptoms?

Answer: Beyond helping with ADHD symptoms, exercise has several other benefits. Getting regular workouts can help you: Stay at a healthy weight. That's important because evidence suggests that people with ADHD are more likely to become obese. Reduce your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in a normal range. Strengthen your bones. Improve your mood and self-esteem.


Question: How can exercise help adults with ADHD?

Answer: When you exercise, your brain releases chemicals called neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which help with attention and clear thinking. People with ADHD often have less dopamine than usual in their brain. The stimulant medicines that are often used to treat adult ADHD work by increasing the availability of dopamine in the brain. So it makes sense that a workout can have many of the same effects as stimulant drugs.


Question: How can ADHD affect adults?

Answer: Fitness can have the following benefits for adults with ADHD: Ease stress and anxiety.


Question: Can adults have ADHD?

Answer: Adults can have this condition, too. ADHD can make it hard for adults to pay attention, control their emotions, and finish tasks.


Question: How often should adults with ADHD exercise?

Answer: Health experts recommend that you get at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise a week. That works out to about 30 minutes of fitness a day, five days a week.


Question: What are the benefits of exercise beyond helping ADHD symptoms?

Answer: Beyond helping with ADHD symptoms, exercise has several other benefits. Getting regular workouts can help you: Stay at a healthy weight. That's important because evidence suggests that people with ADHD are more likely to become obese. Reduce your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in a normal range. Strengthen your bones. Improve your mood and self-esteem.


Question: Does exercise help ADHD in adults?

Answer: Research is finding that getting regular fitness can improve thinking ability, and it may improve the symptoms of adult ADHD.


Question: What are the cons of gastric banding surgery?

Answer: The Cons: Your weight loss may be less dramatic than with gastric bypass. The average loss is 40% to 50% of your excess weight -- although not in everybody. You may regain some of the weight over the years. This type of surgery has a higher rate of re-operation.


Question: How much weight will I lose after gastric banding or bypass surgery?

Answer: Blood clots in the legs, called deep vein thrombosis, or DVT Pneumonia After gastric bypass surgery, most people can expect to lose between 66% and 80% of their extra body weight. Most of this is lost within the first two years. After gastric banding, people lose 40% to 50% of their extra weight, typically within the first two years after the surgery.


Question: What are complications that may develop from weight loss surgery?

Answer: Complications that may develop following weight loss surgery include: Hernia Gallstones Ulcerations Gastric prolapse Severe scarring of the new stomach pouch Excess skin that may need to be removed in an additional surgery Dehydration Hair loss Kidney stones Hypoglycemia Rare but serious complications include: Bleeding in the stool, or black stools Leaks in new connections made by weight loss surgery; these usually occur within five days of surgery.


Question: What are rare but serious complications that may develop from weight loss surgery?

Answer: Complications that may develop following weight loss surgery include: Hernia Gallstones Ulcerations Gastric prolapse Severe scarring of the new stomach pouch Excess skin that may need to be removed in an additional surgery Dehydration Hair loss Kidney stones Hypoglycemia Rare but serious complications include: Bleeding in the stool, or black stools Leaks in new connections made by weight loss surgery; these usually occur within five days of surgery. Blood clots in the lungs, called pulmonary emboli, rarely occur, but if they do, they are the most common cause of death after weight loss surgery. Blood clots can be usually prevented with blood thinning medicines and frequent activity. Blood clots in the legs, called deep vein thrombosis, or DVT Pneumonia After gastric bypass surgery, most people can expect to lose between 66% and 80% of their extra body weight.


Question: When should I decide to get weight loss surgery?

Answer: Don't rush into weight loss surgery. Talk to family and friends. Talk to surgeons and to people at the hospital centers. Prepare yourself mentally and physically. Make sure you are committed to changing your lifestyle and to keeping the weight off forever.


Question: What are the pros of gastric bypass surgery?

Answer: Gastric Bypass Surgery The Pros: Weight loss is quick and dramatic. People lose an average of 60% to 80% of their excess body weight. Because weight loss is quick, weight-related health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis, sleep apnea, and heartburn improve quickly. Most people are able to keep at least 50% of the excess weight off long term. Loss of stomach tissue results in a drop in the so-called "hunger hormone" (ghrelin), which helps control appetite.


Question: Who should consider having weight loss surgery?

Answer: Weight loss surgery is not for everyone. Doctors generally recommend it only for people who: Have a body mass index ( BMI) of 40 or more -- about 100 pounds overweight for men and 80 for women Have a lower BMI (35 to 40), but also have serious health problems related to obesity such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, or severe sleep apnea Have tried and failed to lose weight by nonsurgical means such as diet and exercise Fully understand the risks associated with weight loss surgery and are motivated There are two basic types of weight loss surgery -- restrictive surgeries and malabsorptive surgeries.


Question: Can you regain weight after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Some eat high-calorie or high-fat foods instead of healthy foods -- and eat them too often. Some people rely on "soft meals" such as ice cream and milk shakes. The body itself may change over time, too, leading to weight gain. The digestive tract might begin absorbing more calories. Even the size of your surgical stomach can expand gradually over time.


Question: What is the cost of weight loss surgery and will insurance cover it?

Answer: A typical weight loss surgery can run from $15,000 to $25,000 -- so insurance coverage is critical for most people. Every insurance company is different, but before agreeing to cover the surgery, most insurance companies want documentation of the patient's struggle with obesity. They want a primary care doctor's records indicating that the patient has tried to lose weight through diet, exercise, and psychological counseling. Also, medical causes of obesity must be ruled out. It pays to ensure that your doctor documents your efforts early on, so surgery is an option later.


Question: What are questions to consider when choosing a bariatric surgeon?

Answer: Here are some questions to consider when choosing a bariatric surgeon: Is the specialist board certified by the American Board of Surgery? Is the specialist a member of the American Society of Bariatric Surgeons? How many weight loss surgeries has the surgeon performed? (100 or more is ideal.) How many of the surgeon's patients have died from weight loss surgery? ( Less than 1% is the average.) How often do patients have complications? What side effects are most common? What is the surgeon's success rate?


Question: Will I feel like myself after I lose weight?

Answer: You may feel odd, not quite like yourself. You may feel overwhelmed by the lifestyle changes you must make for the rest of your life. You may have reached for food as comfort -- and have difficulty giving it up. A therapist can help you get through this complicated period. A support group can also help. Ask your doctor about support groups for people who have had weight loss surgery. It helps to meet people who are making the same adjustments you're making -- and can help keep you on track with your weight loss program.


Question: Are there educational seminars for people considering weight loss surgery?

Answer: Check into centers and hospitals offering educational seminars for people considering weight loss surgery. You can learn more about the actual procedure, the benefits and the risks. You may also get names of specialists who perform these surgeries. Go to these seminars and ask questions.


Question: Why would you get allergy tests for asthma?

Answer: They help your doctor find out if allergies trigger your asthma. These tests won't identify asthma triggers such as exercise, stress, or illnesses like a cold. Allergy tests alone are not enough to make an asthma diagnosis.


Question: What is a skin prick allergy test?

Answer: Skin prick test: The skin prick test is the most common allergy skin test. First, you get a series of tiny drops of allergens on your skin, usually on your back. Then you get a quick needle prick in the skin underneath each drop. If you're allergic, you'll get a dime-sized hive that's red and itchy at the needle prick site. You may need a follow-up test to check the results.


Question: What is a patch test for allergies?

Answer: Patch test: Your doctor applies the allergen to a patch. You'll leave the patch on your skin for 48 hours. If your skin turns red, gets irritated, and itches, the chances are great that you have an allergy.


Question: What are common signs of insomnia with untreated depression?

Answer: Common signs of insomnia include: Daytime fatigue Irritability and difficulty concentrating Sleep that never feels like "enough" Trouble falling asleep Trouble going back to sleep after waking up during the night Waking up at all hours of the night Waking up before the alarm clock goes off Alcohol and drug abuse are common among people with clinical depression.


Question: How is sleep disrupted by untreated depression?

Answer: Though the most common problem is insomnia (difficulty getting adequate sleep), people sometimes feel an increased need for sleep and experience excessive energy loss. Lack of sleep can cause some of the same symptoms as depression -- extreme tiredness, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating or making decisions. In addition, untreated depression may result in weight gain or loss, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, and irritability. Treating the depression helps the person get control over all of these depression symptoms.


Question: What are warning signs of suicide with untreated depression?

Answer: Warning signs of suicide include: Talking, writing, or thinking about killing or hurting oneself or threatening to do so Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Having a "death wish;" tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death -- for example, driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, or changing a will Saying things like "it would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Suddenly visiting or calling people one cares about Talking about suicide Increase in drinking alcohol or using drugs Writing a suicidal note Watching well publicized murder and/or suicide reports in the media Conducting on-line searches on ways to commit suicide Seeking methods to kill oneself, such as getting a gun or pills For in depth information, see Web MD's Depression and Suicide.


Question: Why is untreated depression considered to be a disability?

Answer: Depression can render people disabled in their work life, family life, and social life. Left untreated, clinical depression is as costly as heart disease or AIDS to the U. S. economy. Untreated depression is responsible for more than 200 million days lost from work each year. The annual cost of untreated depression is more than $43.7 billion in absenteeism from work, lost productivity, and direct treatment costs.


Question: How does untreated depression affect my family?

Answer: Living with a depressed person is very difficult and stressful for family members and friends. It's often helpful to have a family member involved in the evaluation and treatment of a depressed relative. Sometimes marital or even family therapy is indicated.


Question: Are the signs of untreated depression in men different from those in women?

Answer: Men who have untreated clinical depression may exhibit more anger, frustration, and violent behavior than women. In addition, men with untreated depression may take dangerous risks such as reckless driving and having unsafe sex. Men are not aware that physical symptoms, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain, can be symptoms of depression.


Question: How is narcolepsy diagnosed?

Answer: However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy. Several specialized tests, which can be performed in a sleep disorders clinic or sleep lab, usually are required before a diagnosis can be established. Two tests that are considered essential in confirming a diagnosis of narcolepsy are the polysomnogram ( PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test ( MSLT). The PSG is an overnight test that takes continuous multiple measurements while a patient is asleep to document abnormalities in the sleep cycle. A PSG can help reveal whether REM sleep occurs at abnormal times in the sleep cycle and can eliminate the possibility that an individual's symptoms result from another condition. The MSLT is performed during the day to measure a person's tendency to fall asleep and to determine whether isolated elements of REM sleep intrude at inappropriate times during the waking hours. As part of the test, an individual is asked to take four or five short naps usually scheduled two hours apart.


Question: What is the standard dose of red raspberry?

Answer: This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose.


Question: How does red raspberry interact with other medications?

Answer: If you take any medications regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using red raspberry supplements. There's always a risk they could interact with other supplements or drugs.


Question: How can heat or cold treatments help you deal with osteoarthritis?

Answer: If you have osteoarthritis, heat or cold treatments may be recommended to provide temporary relief of pain and stiffness. These treatments may be given in the form of a hot shower or bath, or by applying heating pads or cold compresses.


Question: How do weight and exercise affect osteoarthritis?

Answer: Losing weight if you are overweight or obese helps prevent osteoarthritis of the knees, reduces the stress on weight-bearing joints, and helps reduce pain in affected joints. Exercise is important to improve joint movement and to strengthen the muscles that surround the joints. Gentle, low-impact exercises, such as swimming or walking on flat surfaces, are recommended, because they are less stressful on your joints. High-impact activity, such as jogging or high-impact aerobics, may increase joint pain. Strength training is also encouraged, particularly for muscles surrounding and supporting affected joints.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD adjust to the school sleeping schedule after summer?

Answer: If your child slept late during summer vacation, start waking him up a little earlier each day. That way he won't be groggy when school starts. Make bedtime a little earlier each night, too, so he gets enough sleep.


Question: How can I keep my child with ADHD from forgetting textbooks at school?

Answer: Ask his school if you can get an extra set of textbooks to keep at home.


Question: How should I involve my child in school supply shopping if he has ADHD?

Answer: Great tools for organizing include: A calendar or daily planner A dry-erase or bulletin board to post due dates and reminders A desk organizer and storage bins for school supplies to keep his study space neat and free from distractions Color-coded folders or a multi-pocket binder to keep assignments straight Let him help make a shopping list for supplies for the coming year.


Question: Should my child take ADHD medicine during a school year if they didn't take it during the summer?

Answer: Start him back on any ADHD medicines if you took a break for the summer.


Question: When should you call your doctor or dermatologist about poison ivy, oak, or sumac?

Answer: Call your doctor or a dermatologist for: Severe blistering, swelling, and itching Symptoms in sensitive areas such as the eyes, lips, throat, or genitals Fever A rash over large areas of your body A rash lasting longer than a week to 10 days Blisters that become infected with pus Get immediate medical help for any difficulty breathing or severe coughing after exposure to burning plants.


Question: How are rashes from poison ivy, oak, and sumac treated?

Answer: Self-care for a mild rash includes: Wash the area well with mild soap and lukewarm water as soon as possible after contact. Wash all clothes, shoes, socks, tools, pets, and toys that may have become contaminated. Cool compresses may help during the blistering phase. Use a topical corticosteroid cream on the rash as directed by your doctor. Try calamine lotion for the itching, but avoid skin products that contain anesthetics or antihistamines, which can cause their own allergic reaction. To help relieve the itch, try cool showers or a mixture of baking soda and water applied to the area. If sleep is a problem because of the itching, try an over-the-counter oral antihistamine at night.


Question: What is poison ivy, oak and sumac?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are all plants that can cause a temporary, irritating rash when they come in contact with your skin. This rash is a form of allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatitis simply means an irritation of the skin. It's called "allergic contact dermatitis" because the rash is caused by contact with a substance to which you're allergic.


Question: What are the symptoms of an allergic reaction to poison ivy, oak, and sumac?

Answer: Three types of transmission can occur: Direct contact with the plant Indirect contact when you touch pets, gardening tools, sports equipment, or other objects that had direct contact with the plant Airborne contact from burning these plants, which releases particles of urushiol into the air that can penetrate the skin, eyes, nose, throat, or respiratory system Symptoms, which generally last from one to two weeks, include: Red streaks or patches Itching Rash Swelling Blisters that may "weep" (leak fluid) and later crust over Inflammation and a burning sensation Does it matter which plant you're exposed to?


Question: How are poison ivy, oak, and sumac rashes diagnosed?

Answer: Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are generally diagnosed by their common symptoms of a rash, blisters, and itching following activity outside in a forest or field, but if you have any doubt, ask your doctor.


Question: How can I prevent rashes from poison ivy, oak, and sumac?

Answer: Remember the old adage: " Leaflets three, let them be." Poison ivy and poison oak have a triple-leaf structure you can learn to recognize -- and then avoid. Avoid any contact with these plants when possible. Cover your skin completely when hiking, camping, or working in forests and around shrubs; wear long sleeves, long pants, gloves, socks, and boots. Remember that you can also get a rash from indirect contact from clothes, pets, or tools that have urushiol on them. Ask your doctor about over-the-counter skin products that contain a barrier such as bentoquatam to help protect the skin from urushiol if you work outside in forestry or other jobs at risk of frequent exposure.


Question: How can I reduce stress about things that I can't change if I have diabetes?

Answer: Ask yourself these three questions: " Will this be important 2 years from now?" " Do I have control over these circumstances?" " Can I change my situation?" If you can make things better, go for it. If not, is there a different way to handle it that would be better for you?


Question: Can stress affect diabetes?

Answer: Ask your doctor for recommendations if you'd like to see a psychologist or counselor.


Question: How can I destress if I have diabetes?

Answer: Practice muscle relaxation, deep breathing, meditation, or visualization. Your doctor may know of classes or programs that teach these skills. You can also check for apps that do that.


Question: What exercises can help reduce my stress if I have diabetes?

Answer: You'll feel better.


Question: Can taking iron help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Because low levels of iron might be linked to RLS, your doctor will likely suggest taking iron supplements.


Question: Can a good sleep routine help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Throwing off your sleep pattern can make your RLS symptoms worse. Try going to bed at the same time every night and getting up at the same time every morning. To get deep sleep, it may help to go to bed a little later and get up later. Keep your bedroom cool, dark, and comfortable. Keep the TV and computer out of the bedroom.


Question: What stress relief strategies can help manage restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Stress can cause your RLS to flare and make symptoms worse. Find ways that help you relax and calm your anxiety. You might want to try deep breathing, yoga, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, or tai chi.


Question: Does acupuncture help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: There's no hard proof that acupuncture helps with symptoms, yet many people with RLS give it a try to relieve symptoms.


Question: How should you be careful when exercising if you have diabetes?

Answer: Walk and exercise in comfortable shoes. Do not exercise when you have open sores on your feet.


Question: How can people with diabetes check that they have the correct footwear?

Answer: Use this simple test to see if your shoes fit correctly: Stand on a piece of paper. ( Make sure you are standing and not sitting, because your foot changes shape when you stand.) Trace the outline of your foot. Trace the outline of your shoe. Compare the tracings: Is the shoe too narrow? Is your foot crammed into the shoe? The shoe should be at least 1/2 inch longer than your longest toe and as wide as your foot.


Question: What foot problems indicate a doctor's visit for people with diabetes?

Answer: See your health care provider if you have diabetes and any of the following problems with your feet: Athlete's foot (cracking between the toes) Sores or wounds on your feet Ingrown toenails Increasing numbness or pain Calluses Redness Blackening of skin Bunions Infection Hammer or mallet toes (when the middle joints of toes are permanently bent downward)


Question: How can you do a footwear test if you have diabetes?

Answer: Use this simple test to see if your shoes fit correctly: Stand on a piece of paper. ( Make sure you are standing and not sitting, because your foot changes shape when you stand.) Trace the outline of your foot. Trace the outline of your shoe. Compare the tracings: Is the shoe too narrow? Is your foot crammed into the shoe? The shoe should be at least 1/2 inch longer than your longest toe and as wide as your foot.


Question: What is the best footwear for people with diabetes?

Answer: When choosing the proper footwear if you have diabetes: Buy shoes with closed toes and heels. Buy shoes with leather uppers but without a seam inside. Make sure there is at least 1/2 inch extra space at the end of your longest toe. The inside of the shoe should be soft with no rough areas. The outer sole should be made of stiff material. Your shoe should be at least as wide as your foot.


Question: How should you wash and dry your feet daily if you have diabetes?

Answer: Here are some diabetes foot care tips to follow. Use mild soaps. Use warm water. Pat your skin dry; do not rub. Thoroughly dry your feet, especially between the toes. After washing, use lotion on your feet to prevent cracking. Do not put lotion between your toes.


Question: When do you call your health care provider about your feet if you have diabetes?

Answer: Thoroughly dry your feet, especially between the toes.


Question: How should you examine your feet each day if you have diabetes?

Answer: Check the tops and bottoms of your feet. Have someone else look at your feet if you cannot see them. Check for dry, cracked skin. Look for blisters, cuts, scratches, or other sores. Check for redness, increased warmth, or tenderness when touching any area of your feet. Check for ingrown toenails, corns, and calluses. If you get a blister or sore from your shoes, do not "pop" it. Apply a bandage and wear a different pair of shoes.


Question: How should people with diabetes manage their toenails?

Answer: Cut toenails after bathing, when they are soft. Cut toenails straight across and smooth with an emery board. Avoid cutting into the corners of toes. You may want a podiatrist (foot doctor) to cut your toenails.


Question: What is the best way for people with diabetes to wash their feet?

Answer: Here are some diabetes foot care tips to follow. Use mild soaps. Use warm water. Pat your skin dry; do not rub. Thoroughly dry your feet, especially between the toes. After washing, use lotion on your feet to prevent cracking. Do not put lotion between your toes.


Question: What should people with diabetes know about their feet before exercising?

Answer: Walk and exercise in comfortable shoes. Do not exercise when you have open sores on your feet.


Question: How can you keep your feet safe from complications if you have diabetes?

Answer: To keep you feet safe if you have diabetes: Don't wait to treat a minor foot problem. Follow your health care provider's guidelines and first aid guidelines. Report foot injuries and infections to your health care provider immediately. Check water temperature with your elbow, not your foot. Do not use a heating pad on your feet. Do not cross your legs. Do not self-treat your corns, calluses, or other foot problems. Go to your health care provider or podiatrist to treat these conditions.


Question: What are some tips for foot safety if you have diabetes?

Answer: Follow your health care provider's guidelines and first aid guidelines. Report foot injuries and infections to your health care provider immediately. Check water temperature with your elbow, not your foot. Do not use a heating pad on your feet. Do not cross your legs. Do not self-treat your corns, calluses, or other foot problems. Go to your health care provider or podiatrist to treat these conditions.


Question: Should I tell my coworkers that I have eczema?

Answer: If your co-workers aren't familiar with eczema, you may worry about what they think about your skin issues. Your co-workers may not know that eczema is a chronic skin condition that isn't contagious. They might not realize it can cause problems (like pain and bleeding, cracking skin) -- or even that it can show up on areas of your body like your hands. If you're embarrassed or ashamed about your skin or the problems your eczema causes, it can help to have a short conversation with your co-workers. You don't have to tell them everything, but you could say something like, â I have a condition called eczema that can make my skin irritated. You can't catch it.â Don't be afraid to ask others for help when you need it.


Question: How might eczema affect my job?

Answer: That's especially true if yours is severe or appears on your hands. The itching, burning, and open, oozing wounds that eczema causes can make it hard to use your hands. During a flare-up, you might not be as productive as you'd like. You may not be able to do all the tasks that you'd normally do. You may also need to take time off while you heal or go to doctor's appointments. If your co-workers aren't familiar with eczema, you may worry about what they think about your skin issues.


Question: How does eczema affect my job?

Answer: The itching, burning, and open, oozing wounds that eczema causes can make it hard to use your hands. During a flare-up, you might not be as productive as you'd like. You may not be able to do all the tasks that you'd normally do. You may also need to take time off while you heal or go to doctor's appointments. If your co-workers aren't familiar with eczema, you may worry about what they think about your skin issues.


Question: Which fruits and veggies should you eat in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Fruits and veggies: Go for variety and lots of color. Research has shown that vitamin K-rich leafy greens like spinach and kale curb inflammation, as does broccoli and cabbage. And the substance that gives fruits like cherries, raspberries, and blackberries their color is a type of pigment that also helps fight inflammation.


Question: What are the benefits of nuts in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Nuts: They have a healthy kind of fat that helps stop inflammation. ( Olive oil and avocados are also good sources.) Stick to just a handful of nuts a day; otherwise, the fat and calories will add up.


Question: What are the benefits of beans in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Beans: They're high in fiber, plus they're loaded with antioxidants and other anti-inflammatory substances.


Question: How much fish should you eat in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Fish: Put it on your plate at least twice a week. Salmon, tuna, and sardines all have plenty of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation.


Question: How can trans fats affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Coffee creamers, margarine, and anything else with trans fats: Trans fats (look on the label for "partially hydrogenated oils") raise LDL cholesterol, which causes inflammation. There's no safe amount to eat, so steer clear.


Question: What are anti-inflammatory foods?

Answer: Fruits and veggies: Go for variety and lots of color.


Question: How can fried foods affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: French fries, fried chicken, and other fried foods: Cooking them in vegetable oil doesn't make them healthy. Corn, safflower, and other vegetable oils all have omega-6 fatty acids. You need some omega-6s, but if you get too much, as most Americans do, you throw off the balance between omega-6s and omega-3s in your body and end up with -- you guessed it -- more inflammation.


Question: How can gluten affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Wheat, rye, and barley: The focus here is gluten, and this one's a controversial maybe. People who have celiac disease need to avoid gluten. But for everyone else, the science is solid that whole grains are beneficial.


Question: Which foods should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Anything highly processed, overly greasy, or super sweet isn't a good choice for you if you have inflammation.


Question: What are the benefits of herbs and spices in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Herbs and spices: They add antioxidants (along with flavor) to your food. Turmeric, found in curry powder, has a strong substance called curcumin. And garlic curbs the body's ability to make things that boost inflammation.


Question: Which refined starches and sugary foods should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Sweets, cakes and cookies, and soda: They're not dense in nutrients, and they're easy to overeat, which can lead to weight gain, high blood sugar, and high cholesterol (all related to inflammation). Sugar causes the body to release inflammatory messengers called cytokines. Soda and other sweet drinks are main culprits. Anti-inflammatory diet experts often say you should cut out all added sugars, including agave and honey.


Question: Which whole grains should you have in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Whole grains: Oatmeal, brown rice, whole-wheat bread, and other unrefined grains tend to be high in fiber, and fiber also may help with inflammation.


Question: Which high-fat and processed red meat should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: High-fat and processed red meat (like hot dogs): These have a lot of saturated fat, which can cause inflammation if you get more than a small amount each day.


Question: What will my doctors plan my lung cancer treatment on?

Answer: It will depend in part on: What type of the disease you have Its stage Whether the cancer has spread in your body The side effects the treatment may cause Your age and general health Your preferences and goals Ask your doctor to explain the recommended treatment plan, including its benefits, side effects, and how it might make you feel during and after it.


Question: What is my treatment option if I have a non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery?

Answer: If you have non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery, this treatment may be an option. Your doctor guides a thin needle through your skin until it touches the tumor inside your lung. Then an electric current passes through it to heat and kill the cancer cells.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my lung cancer treatment?

Answer: It will depend in part on: What type of the disease you have Its stage Whether the cancer has spread in your body The side effects the treatment may cause Your age and general health Your preferences and goals Ask your doctor to explain the recommended treatment plan, including its benefits, side effects, and how it might make you feel during and after it.


Question: Are other treatments being researched to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Scientists are studying new combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation.


Question: What are targeted treatments that are used for lung cancer?

Answer: Drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells or tumors are called targeted treatments. Some of them seem to help control lung cancer that has spread. They include: Afatinib ( Gilotrif) Alectinib ( Alecensa) Bevacizumab ( Avastin) Brigatinib ( Alunbrig) Ceritinib ( Zykadia) Crizotinib ( Xalkori) Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) Dacomitinib ( Vizimpro) Erlotinib ( Tarceva) Gefitinib ( Iressa) Lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) Necitumumab ( Portrazza) Osimertinib ( Tagrisso) Ramucirumab ( Cyramza) Trametinib ( Mekanist) Other drugs, such as atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda), use the body's own defenses to attack cancer cells.


Question: Should you use your asthma rescue inhaler before you exercise?

Answer: You should always carry a rescue inhaler, such as albuterol, with you. They work quickly to open up your airways. Use your rescue inhaler 10-15 minutes before exercising, even if you don't have symptoms. Although it won't help your asthma, taking an antihistamine 60-90 minutes before going outside can help ease itchy eyes and a runny nose from pollen.


Question: How does hepatitis B spread?

Answer: The virus that causes it lives in blood, semen, and some other fluids in your body. You usually catch it by having sex with someone who's infected. You can also get it by using the same razor or toothbrush as someone who has hepatitis B. Sharing needles and syringes to inject illegal drugs can also give you the disease. Another way to get sick is if you touch the open sores of somebody who's infected. And if you have the disease when you're pregnant you can pass it to your baby.


Question: What are some ways hepatitis is spread?

Answer: Food or drinks you buy at the supermarket can sometimes cause the disease, too. The ones most likely to get contaminated are: Fruits and vegetables Shellfish Ice and water You could catch or spread it if you're taking care of a baby and you don't wash your hands after changing his diaper. This can happen, for example, at a day care center. Another way you can get hep A is when you have sex with someone who has it.


Question: How does hepatitis A spread?

Answer: The main way you get sick is when you eat or drink something that has the hep A virus in it. A lot of times this happens in a restaurant. If an infected worker there doesn't wash his hands well after using the bathroom, and then touches food, he could pass the disease to you.


Question: How long before someone has symptoms of hepatitis C?

Answer: Hepatitis C. The early symptoms are the same as hepatitis A and B, and they usually happen 6 to 7 weeks after the virus gets in your body. But you could notice them anywhere from 2 weeks to 6 months later. For about 25% of people who get hep C, the virus goes away on its own without treatment. In other cases, it sticks around for years. When that happens, your liver might get damaged. Remember, it's possible to spread all the types of hepatitis even if you don't show any signs of being sick.


Question: How long can hepatitis C survive for?

Answer: The symptoms usually show up 2 to 6 weeks after the virus entered your body.


Question: What are some myths about how hepatitis C is spread?

Answer: There are some myths out there about how you get hepatitis C, so let's set the record straight. It's not spread by food and water (like hep A). And you can't spread it by doing any of these things: Kissing Hugging Sneezing or coughing Sharing forks, knives, or spoons For hepatitis A, one of the best things you can do is wash your hands a lot.


Question: How does hepatitis C spread?

Answer: You catch it when blood from someone who's infected gets in your body. This happens if you share needles to take illegal drugs. It's less common, but you can also get sick if you: Share a razor or toothbrush with someone who's infected Have sex with somebody who has hepatitis C It's rare, but if you're pregnant and have the disease, it's possible to pass it to your newborn.


Question: How long before someone has symptoms of hepatitis A and what are the symptoms?

Answer: The symptoms usually show up 2 to 6 weeks after the virus entered your body. They usually last for less than 2 months, though sometimes you can be sick for as long as 6 months. Some warning signs that you may have the disease are: Fever Fatigue Nausea, vomiting, or pain in your belly Dark urine or clay-colored bowel movements Pain in your joints Yellowing of your skin or eyes (jaundice) Some people get the disease but don't have any symptoms, though.


Question: How can you prevent dermatitis?

Answer: Some types of dermatitis are easier to prevent than others. Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis can be prevented by avoiding skin contact with the agents that cause the dermatitis. However, if you come into contact with an irritant, such as poison ivy, wash the exposed skin with soap and water as soon as possible (and all exposed clothing such as gloves and boots so that you don't get re-exposed to the poison ivy resin). Most other types of dermatitis develop in people with sensitive skin and can be prevented only by avoiding the irritant.


Question: What causes blood in urine (hematuria)?

Answer: Common causes of blood in urine include: Bladder or kidney infections Bladder or kidney stones Certain kidney diseases, such as inflammation in the filtering system of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis) Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or prostate cancer Inherited diseases such as sickle cell anemia and cystic kidney disease Certain medications such as aspirin, penicillin, heparin, cyclophosphamide, and phenazopyridine A tumor in the bladder, kidney, or prostate Kidney injury from an accident or sports Vigorous exercise Sometimes, what appears to be blood in urine is actually red pigment from other sources such as food dyes, medications, or an excessive amount of beets.


Question: How is blood in urine (hematuria) assessed?

Answer: Your doctor will start by taking a medical history and asking what may have caused the appearance of blood in your urine. This will be followed by a test called urinalysis. In this test, a urine sample is analyzed. Urine tests may include urine cytology, which uses a microscope to look for abnormal cells in the urine. Blood tests may also be ordered. If blood contains high levels of wastes that kidneys are supposed to remove, it could be a sign of kidney disease.


Question: What is the treatment for blood in urine (hematuria) aimed at?

Answer: Treatment is aimed at the underlying cause. After treatment, your doctor will recheck your urine to see if the blood is gone. If you still have blood in your urine, you may need additional tests, or you may be referred to a urologist. Usually, no treatment is necessary unless a serious condition is causing the hematuria. If no underlying cause is found during the initial evaluation, you may be advised to have follow-up urine testing and blood pressure monitoring every three to six months, especially if you have risk factors for bladder cancer, such as being age 50 or older, smoking cigarettes, or exposure to certain industrial chemicals.


Question: What symptoms come with blood in urine (hematuria)?

Answer: It also can come from other structures in the urinary tract, such as: Ureters (the tubes from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder (where urine is stored) Urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside of the body) If there is blood in urine, the symptom is obvious. Instead of its normal pale yellow color, your urine may be pink, red, brownish-red, or tea-colored. This is what doctors call gross hematuria. Sometimes, blood in urine is not visible to the naked eye and the presence of red blood cells can only be detected by the lab. This is what doctors call microscopic hematuria. It's usually only discovered when a urine sample is tested with a dipstick and the results are confirmed with a microscopic examination.


Question: What other symptoms may occur with blood in urine (hematuria)?

Answer: Some underlying causes, however, are associated with additional symptoms that can be moderate to severe. These include: Bladder infections (acute cystitis). In adults, bladder infections usually cause burning or pain with urination. Infants with bladder infections may have fever, be irritable, and feed poorly. Older children may have fever, pain and burning while urinating, urgency, and lower belly pain. Kidney infections (pyelonephritis). Symptoms may include fever, chills, and flank pain, which refers to pain in the lower back. Kidney stones. Symptoms may include severe abdominal or pelvic pain. Kidney diseases. Symptoms may include weakness, high blood pressure, and body swelling, including puffiness around the eyes.


Question: Where might blood in urine (hematuria) come from?

Answer: It also can come from other structures in the urinary tract, such as: Ureters (the tubes from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder (where urine is stored) Urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside of the body) If there is blood in urine, the symptom is obvious.


Question: What is blood in urine (hematuria)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Blood in urine - known medically as hematuria - is usually not a reason for major alarm. Because blood in urine can be a sign of a serious medical condition, however, it shouldn't be ignored. All cases of hematuria should be evaluated by a doctor who can order tests to confirm or rule out an underlying cause.


Question: What are symptoms of type 1 Gaucher disease?

Answer: Type 1 symptoms can sometimes be mild. Some people may never notice it. Others may have more severe problems. Your symptoms can crop up at any age, from childhood to adulthood.


Question: What are the symptoms of a pleural effusion?

Answer: You're more likely to have symptoms when a pleural effusion is moderate or large-sized, or if there is also inflammation. If you do have symptoms, they may include: Shortness of breath Chest pain, especially when breathing in deeply ( This is called pleurisy or pleuritic pain.)


Question: How is a pleural effusion treated?

Answer: Your doctor may need to treat only the medical condition that caused the pleural effusion. You would get antibiotics for pneumonia, for instance, or diuretics for congestive heart failure.


Question: How is pain for most ankle injuries controlled?

Answer: For most ankle injuries, pain is controlled by using an over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen. The specific treatment of the injury depends on the type of injury.


Question: Can you put weight on ankle after it has been injured

Answer: It is important not to put any weight on the ankle until after it's been evaluated by a doctor, which should be done as soon as possible. Fractures and sprains that are ignored or aren't treated properly can lead to long-term chronic problems with the ankle, such as repeated injury, ankle weakness, and arthritis.


Question: What is an ankle fracture versus an ankle sprain?

Answer: A fracture describes a break in one or more of the bones. A sprain is the term that describes damage to ligaments when they are stretched beyond their normal range of motion. A ligament sprain can range from many microscopic tears in the fibers that comprise the ligament to a complete tear or rupture. A strain refers to damage to muscles and tendons as a result of being pulled or stretched too far.


Question: What are ankle injuries?

Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. The ankle is where three bones meet -- the tibia and fibula of your lower leg with the talus of your foot. These bones are held together at the ankle joint by ligaments, which are strong elastic bands of connective tissue that keep the bones in place while allowing normal ankle motion. Tendons attach muscles to the bones to do the work of making the ankle and foot move, and help keep the joints stable.


Question: What does the overall treatment process of an ankle sprain look like?

Answer: On average, the initial treatment of a sprain, includes resting, and protecting the ankle until swelling goes down for about one week. That's followed by a period of one to two weeks of exercise to restore range of motion, strength, and flexibility. It can take several more weeks to several months to gradually return to your normal activities while you continue to exercise.


Question: What are salicylates?

Answer: Salicylates are chemicals found in plants and are a major ingredient in aspirin and other pain-relieving medications. They're also naturally in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in many common health and beauty products.


Question: What should I ask my doctor about anxiety?

Answer: Are there any underlying medical problems that could be causing my anxiety symptoms? Will I need to take an anxiety drug? Will I take it every day or as needed? How long will I need to take it? What side effects can I expect from medications? Is there a way to minimize or prevent side effects? What should I do if I miss a dose of medication? Should I begin therapy sessions? Which type and for how long? How long before I can expect to feel better? Once treated, how likely is it that my anxiety symptoms will return? What lifestyle changes can I make to help me feel better? How will alcohol or other drugs interact with my medication or affect my anxiety?


Question: How can a migraine with aura be confused with a stroke?

Answer: A migraine with aura is the kind that can be confused with a stroke. An aura affects your senses and usually happens before the headache. You may see light flashes, zig-zagged lines, or blind spots, or you might feel tingling or numbness in your arms, legs, or face. You might have ringing in your ears or trouble speaking. Sometimes, you'll have those symptoms but never get a headache. That tends to happen more often as you get older.


Question: Will medicines and lifestyle changes lower my risk of having a stroke?

Answer: In general, medicines and lifestyle changes (like quitting smoking) that lower your risk of a stroke may also keep you from having migraine.


Question: How can I tell the difference between a migraine and a stroke?

Answer: It can be hard to tell the difference between a migraine with aura and a TIA. Here's what to look for: With a stroke, symptoms usually come on suddenly. With a migraine, they happen gradually; the headache usually starts small and gets more painful. A stroke is more likely to have what are called "negative" symptoms such as you might lose sight in one eye or lose feeling in one of your hands or feet. A migraine is more likely to have "positive" symptoms. That means added sensations, like flashes in your vision or tingling in your skin. If you're young, it's more likely to be a migraine. If you're older, it's more likely to be a stroke, especially if you've never had a migraine before or you have high blood pressure or an irregular heartbeat.


Question: What are the causes of a stroke?

Answer: There can be two causes. Either a blood vessel is blocked, for instance with a blood clot, or a blood vessel tears or bursts and causes bleeding in or around the brain.


Question: Do migraines without aura affect my chances of having a stroke?

Answer: But they may make you more likely to have other heart-related problems.


Question: What is a transient ischemic attack?

Answer: Other common symptoms are: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of your body Trouble speaking or trouble understanding others Vision problems in one or both eyes Sudden dizziness or loss of balance or coordination Confusion The kind of stroke that tends to be mistaken for a migraine is called a transient ischemic attack, or TIA. It's also known as a "mini stroke" because blood flow to your brain is cut off only for a short time. Symptoms are less severe than with a regular stroke and may last less than an hour.


Question: When should you assume your migraine could be stroke?

Answer: If you're over 40 and have never had a migraine, assume your pain is something more serious. People who get migraine typically have it most of their lives. It's rare to have your first symptoms when you're older. If you get migraine and your aura symptoms or headaches seem different than what you've typically experienced,, get checked out. Most people with migraine have similar symptoms each time.


Question: What are signs of a stroke?

Answer: A sudden severe headache can be a sign of a stroke. Other common symptoms are: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of your body Trouble speaking or trouble understanding others Vision problems in one or both eyes Sudden dizziness or loss of balance or coordination Confusion The kind of stroke that tends to be mistaken for a migraine is called a transient ischemic attack, or TIA.


Question: What medications that treat migraines might cause a stroke?

Answer: Certain medications for migraine headaches, including ergot alkaloids and triptans, can narrow your arteries. If you've had a stroke, you shouldn't take those.


Question: What can you do to prevent a stroke or a migraine?

Answer: Certain medications for migraine headaches, including ergot alkaloids and triptans, can narrow your arteries. If you've had a stroke, you shouldn't take those. In general, medicines and lifestyle changes (like quitting smoking) that lower your risk of a stroke may also keep you from having migraine.


Question: What kind of migraine tends to be mistaken for a stroke?

Answer: A migraine with aura is the kind that can be confused with a stroke. An aura affects your senses and usually happens before the headache. You may see light flashes, zig-zagged lines, or blind spots, or you might feel tingling or numbness in your arms, legs, or face. You might have ringing in your ears or trouble speaking. Sometimes, you'll have those symptoms but never get a headache. That tends to happen more often as you get older.


Question: What causes a stroke?

Answer: There can be two causes. Either a blood vessel is blocked, for instance with a blood clot, or a blood vessel tears or bursts and causes bleeding in or around the brain.


Question: How can you breathe better if you have heart failure?

Answer: To breathe better: Listen to your body and slow down when you're short of breath. Take breaks throughout the day: read, pay bills, write letters, use the computer for fun. Use music, meditation, or yoga to ease stress. If you feel breathless, short of breath, or you have trouble breathing, talk to your doctor. He may ask you to eat less salt or drink less liquid for a couple of days. If neither of these helps, call your doctor. He may need to tweak your medicine.


Question: How much ashwagandha should you take?

Answer: Others mix 3 grams of ashwagandha powder in warm milk. There are also standardized extracts available. Ask your doctor for advice about forms of ashwagandha and doses. In some parts of the world, people eat ashwagandha shoots, seeds, and fruit.


Question: What are risks of taking ashwagandha?

Answer: Talk to a doctor before using ashwagandha if you have any health conditions, including cancer, diabetes, thyroid problems, bleeding disorders, ulcers, lupus, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Ashwagandha might interfere with thyroid tests. Stop taking ashwagandha two weeks before surgery.


Question: What are interactions of ashwagandha?

Answer: If you take any drugs or supplements regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using ashwagandha supplements. They could interact with sedatives, blood thinners, thyroid supplements, drugs that suppress the immune system, and drugs for anxiety, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Ashwagandha might also interact with supplements that cause sleepiness, like St. John's wort, kava, valerian, and others.


Question: Why do people take ashwagandha?

Answer: However, the practical benefits and risks for people aren't clear yet. One study found that a compound containing ashwagandha helped relive osteoarthritis symptoms. It's not clear which of the ingredients had the benefit since ashwaganda is traditionally used in combination with other herbs. Ashwagandha might help lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes and lower high cholesterol. Since ashwagandha has sedative effects, it could help ease anxiety and stress -- in fact, human studies have indicated as much.


Question: When should you call your doctor about arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms of juvenile arthritis may include: Fever that comes and goes Loss of appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on the arms and legs Joint stiffness Limp Joint swelling The pain and stiffness come on quickly for no apparent reason. The pain comes with a fever. The pain develops quickly and is related to redness and extreme tenderness of the joint. You notice pain and stiffness in your arms, legs, or back after sitting for short periods or after a night's sleep.


Question: What are the symptoms of arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms of osteoarthritis may include: Joint pain Stiffness when you wake up or after you've been sitting for a while Tenderness -- the area is sore when you touch it Lack of movement -- the joint won't complete its full range of motion Grating -- you might feel things rubbing together inside the joint Bone spurs -- lumps of bone form around the joint Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include: Joint pain, swelling and tenderness for 6 weeks or longer Morning stiffness for at least 30 minutes More than one joint affected, especially small joints in your hands, wrists, and feet The same joints on both sides of the body are affected Symptoms of infectious arthritis may include: Fever Chills Joint inflammation Tenderness Sharp pain that is related to an injury or infection elsewhere in your body. Symptoms of juvenile arthritis may include: Fever that comes and goes Loss of appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on the arms and legs Joint stiffness Limp Joint swelling The pain and stiffness come on quickly for no apparent reason.


Question: How is labrum SLAP tear treated?

Answer: Doctors often start by prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and swelling. Once that's under control, your doctor may recommend working with a physical therapist or show you specific exercises to build your muscles back up. If medication and exercise don't help enough, surgery may be your next step. The kind of operation depends on your injury, age, and how active you are.


Question: What is a shoulder SLAP tear?

Answer: They work together in a ball-and-socket joint where the arm connects to your trunk. Your shoulder's labrum isn't a bone. It's soft tissue that helps connect the socket part of the scapula (called the glenoid) with the head of the humerus. If the labrum tears, there's not enough cushion between those bones. You also have a labrum in your hip sockets, which also acts like a connective cushion.


Question: What questions will my doctor likely ask about urinary incontinence?

Answer: Preparing for the conversation about urinary incontinence may help you feel more in control. That means being able to answer the questions your doctor is likely to ask, including: When did your urinary incontinence symptoms begin? Have you had urinary incontinence symptoms before? What drugs are you on, and when did you start each of them? Do you leak urine with physical activity, coughing or sneezing?


Question: How do Kegel exercises help you treat urinary incontinence?

Answer: That may mean paying more attention to doing Kegel exercises, designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Weakened pelvic floor muscles are often the cause of a common type of urinary incontinence called stress incontinence, in which small amounts of urine are leaked, especially when you cough, sneeze, or laugh.


Question: How can you drain a K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: Constant drainage is best during the first 3 to 4 weeks for a new pouch. If the catheter or tube accidentally falls out before that time, you can put it back in with these simple steps: Relax your abdominal muscles. It may be helpful to bend your knee as you do that. Relubricate the catheter with water-soluble lubricant. Don't use Vaseline or other products containing petroleum jelly. Reinsert the catheter up to the preset mark. If you find this hard to do, relax, change positions and try again. During this initial period, you will need to irrigate the catheter several times a day with 1 ounce of tap water and let it drain off.


Question: How do you irrigate the catheter in a K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: Separate the catheter from the drainage bag and drain the contents of the catheter into the basin. Collect 1 ounce of tap water into the bulb syringe. Tip: Mark this spot on the bulb syringe with permanent marker or nail polish for accurate, easy measurement. To insert the ounce of tap water into the catheter, slowly squeeze the bulb syringe to release the water. While you hold the syringe bulb down with your thumb, pinch the catheter and separate the bulb syringe from the catheter. Unpinch the catheter and drain its contents into the basin. Don't withdraw the fluid from the catheter into the syringe. If the fluid you just put in seems to take a long time to come back out, or if mucus blocks the catheter, irrigate again as needed until stool flows freely through the catheter. If water doesn't go in or come back out, the tube may be blocked. You may have to remove the catheter from the stoma and rinse it with cool tap water to clean any mucus built up inside the catheter. Then reinsert the catheter. Don't put in more than 2 ounces of water without the pouch contents emptying. When the stool flow has stopped, reconnect the catheter. Cleanse the skin around it and the stoma. Use a non-oily soap and warm water to do that. Rinse, and pat dry with a soft towel or paper towel. Put two layers of "split" dry gauze dressing around the catheter and over the stoma. Secure with tape as needed. Throw out the trash. Wash the basin and the bulb syringe with soap and warm water. Let the supplies air dry, or dry with a clean towel. Wash, rinse, and dry your hands.


Question: What is a K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: Unlike other ileostomies, the K-pouch has a valve that the surgeon makes. She sews the intestine in a special way so that waste material doesn't leak out. Instead, you insert a tube called a catheter when it's time to empty the pouch. As the pouch fills with what's in your intestines (such as liquids and partly digested food), pressure builds up on the pouch and its many stitches. Without relief, the pouch could tear or develop a hole, or the valve could slip or leak.


Question: How should you drain a K-pouch (continent ileostomy) after the first few weeks?

Answer: After the first 3 to 4 weeks, you can stop the continuous draining and start draining several times per day, or as instructed by your health care provider. Though you usually make this change after seeing your doctor for the first time after the operation, sometimes your doctor will tell you to start doing the following earlier: Drain the pouch every 2 hours during the day while you are awake. Drain at bedtime and first thing in the morning. Don't drink or eat within 2 hours of bedtime. During the night, you will usually set the catheter to constant drainage. You may also set your alarm clock to wake you to empty the pouch.


Question: What are other helpful tips about K-pouch (continent ileostomy) care?

Answer: Check the catheter often to be sure drainage flows freely through the tube. Irrigate it twice a day, or as instructed by your ET nurse or doctor. You should also inspect your stoma daily. It should look shiny, moist, and red. If you see any changes, tell your doctor. If your stool becomes too thick and movement through the catheter slows down or has problems, you may need to drink more water, juice, or other beverages that don't have caffeine. Go for 10-12 glasses -- 8 ounces each -- per day. Never take laxative preparations. They can cause diarrhea and lead to dehydration.


Question: How should you drain a K-pouch (continent ileostomy) after three months?

Answer: Three months after surgery, there are usually no specific restrictions. You'll probably need to empty the pouch four to six times per day and use irrigation two of these times. But anytime you feel full or bloated, drain the pouch. And do it before you work out or go to bed.


Question: How often do I drain a K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: Right after the operation, you will have what doctors call an indwelling catheter, meaning the surgeon will leave a tube in the pouch to drain continuously. This will last for about 3 to 4 weeks to allow the pouch to mature. After that, you will drain the pouch several times per day. The number of times you need to drain the pouch each day becomes less over time. Talk with your doctor, surgeon, or enterostomal therapist ( ET), a nurse who specializes in the care of stomas. Most likely, you will have met them before the operation. They can remind you of how to take care of your stoma, ostomy, or pouch.


Question: What are the symptoms of delusional disorder?

Answer: Delusional disorder : The key symptom is having a delusion (a false, fixed belief) involving a real-life situation that could be true but isn't, such as being followed, being plotted against, or having a disease. The delusion lasts for at least 1 month.


Question: What are the symptoms of psychotic disorder due to another medical condition?

Answer: Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition: Hallucinations, delusions, or other symptoms may happen because of another illness that affects brain function, such as a head injury or brain tumor.


Question: What are the symptoms of brief psychotic disorder?

Answer: Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have a sudden, short period of psychotic behavior, often in response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the family. Recovery is often quick -- usually less than a month.


Question: What are causes of psychotic disorders?

Answer: Doctors don't know the exact cause of psychotic disorders. Researchers believe that many things play a role. Some psychotic disorders tend to run in families, which means that the disorder may be partly inherited. Other things may also influence their development, including stress, drug abuse, and major life changes.


Question: What antipsychotics are used to treat psychotic disorders?

Answer: Older antipsychotics include: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Loxitane) Perphenazine ( Trilafon) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Newer "atypical antipsychotics" include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Paliperidone ( Invega) Paliperidone palmitate ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Doctors usually first prescribe the newer ones because they have fewer and more tolerable side effects than older antipsychotics.


Question: What are the symptoms of substance-induced psychotic disorder?

Answer: Substance-induced psychotic disorder: This condition is caused by the use of or withdrawal from drugs, such as hallucinogens and crack cocaine, that cause hallucinations, delusions, or confused speech.


Question: What are the symptoms of psychotic disorders?

Answer: The main ones are hallucinations, delusions, and disordered forms of thinking.


Question: What are the symptoms of schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Schizoaffective disorder: People have symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder.


Question: Can psychotic disorders be prevented?

Answer: But the sooner treatment starts, the better. It helps to prevent symptoms. Seeking help as soon as possible can help the person's life, family, and relationships. For people who are at high risk for psychotic disorders, such as those who have a family history of schizophrenia, avoiding drugs such as marijuana and alcohol may help to prevent or delay these conditions.


Question: How can you recover from psychotic disorders?

Answer: Each person being treated for a psychotic disorder may respond to therapy differently. Some will show improvement quickly. For others, it may take weeks or months to get symptom relief. Some people may need to continue treatment for an extended period of time. Some, such as those who have had several severe episodes, may need to take medication indefinitely. In these cases, the medication usually is given in as low a dose as possible to minimize side effects.


Question: What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer: There are different types of psychotic disorders, including: Schizophrenia: People with this illness have changes in behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and hallucinations -- that last longer than 6 months. It usually affects them at work or school, as well as their relationships.


Question: What do doctors prescribe to treat psychotic disorders?

Answer: Older antipsychotics include: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Loxitane) Perphenazine ( Trilafon) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Newer "atypical antipsychotics" include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Paliperidone ( Invega) Paliperidone palmitate ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Doctors usually first prescribe the newer ones because they have fewer and more tolerable side effects than older antipsychotics. Some of the medications are available by injection and only need to be taken once or twice a month. This can be easier to manage than remembering to take a daily pill.


Question: What are the symptoms of paraphrenia?

Answer: Paraphrenia: This condition has symptoms similar to schizophrenia. It starts late in life, when people are elderly.


Question: How is psychotherapy used in psychotic disorders?

Answer: Psychotherapy: There are different types of counseling -- including individual, group, and family therapy â that can help someone who has a psychotic disorder. Most people with psychotic disorders are treated as outpatients, meaning they don't live in institutions. But sometimes people need to be hospitalized, such as if they have severe symptoms, are in danger of hurting themselves or others, or can't care for themselves because of their illness.


Question: What are other possible symptoms of psychotic disorders?

Answer: Other possible symptoms of psychotic illnesses include: Disorganized or incoherent speech Confused thinking Strange, possibly dangerous behavior Slowed or unusual movements Loss of interest in personal hygiene Loss of interest in activities Problems at school or work and with relationships Cold, detached manner with the inability to express emotion Mood swings or other mood symptoms, such as depression or mania People don't always have the same symptoms, and they can change over time in the same person.


Question: What can also be  affected if you have psychotic disorders?

Answer: People with certain psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, may also have problems in parts of the brain that control thinking, perception, and motivation. In schizophrenia, experts believe that nerve cell receptors that work with a brain chemical called glutamate may not work properly in specific brain regions. That glitch may contribute to problems with thinking and perception. These conditions usually first appear when a person is in his or her late teens, 20s, or 30s. They tend to affect men and women about equally.


Question: How does medication treat psychotic disorders?

Answer: Medication: The main type of drug that doctors prescribe to treat psychotic disorders are âantipsychotics.â Although these medicines aren't a cure, they are effective in managing the most troubling symptoms of psychotic disorders, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thinking problems.


Question: What are psychotic disorders?

Answer: Medication: The main type of drug that doctors prescribe to treat psychotic disorders are âantipsychotics.â Although these medicines aren't a cure, they are effective in managing the most troubling symptoms of psychotic disorders, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thinking problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of shared psychotic disorder (folie Ã  deux)?

Answer: Shared psychotic disorder (also called folie Ã deux): This illness happens when one person in a relationship has a delusion and the other person in the relationship adopts it, too.


Question: What is the outlook for people with psychotic disorder?

Answer: The depends on the type of psychotic disorder and the person who has it. But these disorders are treatable, and most people will have a good recovery with treatment and close follow-up care.


Question: What are the risks of taking D-mannose?

Answer: You should be cautious about using D-mannose if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, because there has not been enough study on its safety in these circumstances. Side effects of D-mannose may include: Bloating Loose stools D-mannose supplements should be used with caution if you have diabetes. It may make it harder to control your blood sugar. High doses of D-mannose may cause kidney damage.


Question: What are the side effects of taking D-mannose?

Answer: Side effects of D-mannose may include: Bloating Loose stools D-mannose supplements should be used with caution if you have diabetes.


Question: What are other names of D-mannose?

Answer: Other names for D-mannose are: Carubinose D-manosa Mannose Seminose D-mannose is used to treat a rare disease called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b.


Question: What is the importance of D-mannose in your body?

Answer: Some studies suggest D-mannose may play a useful role as a "prebiotic." Prebiotics are substances that may help your body by stimulating the growth of "good" bacteria in your digestive system. In some lab studies and studies in mice, D-mannose components were shown to increase the growth of "good" bacteria. This suggests D-mannose may have some use for people with dysbiosis, an imbalance in good and bad bacteria.


Question: How are colon polyps treated?

Answer: During a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy, your doctor uses forceps or a wire loop to remove polyps. This is called a polypectomy. If the polyp is too large to take out this way, you may need surgery to remove it. Once it's out, a pathologist tests it for cancer. If you have a genetic condition like familial adenomatous polyposis, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove part or all of your colon and rectum. That's the best way to prevent colon cancer for people with these health problems. If you have colon polyps, there's a good chance you'll get more of them later on. Your doctor will recommend that you have more screening tests in the future.


Question: What causes colon polyps?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly why they form. Normally, healthy cells grow and divide in a specific way. Polyps may happen when cells grow and divide more than they should. Anyone can get colon polyps, but certain things make you more likely to have them, including if you: Are overweight or obese Are age 50 or older Smoke Have had colon polyps or colon cancer before Have an inflammatory bowel disease, like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Have type 2 diabetes that isn't well-controlled There are also some genetic conditions that raise your chances for polyps and colon cancer, including: Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP).


Question: How can you prevent colon polyps?

Answer: Healthy habits can lower your odds of having colon polyps. For example, you should: Eat a diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, and fiber-rich foods like beans, lentils, peas, and high-fiber cereal. Lose weight if you're overweight. Limit red meat, processed meats, and foods that are high in fat. Talk to your doctor about whether calcium and vitamin D supplements are right for you. Some studies suggest they could lower your odds of colon cancer, but others don't. If you have a family history of colon polyps, ask your doctor if you should get genetic counseling and when you should start screening for polyps.


Question: What is primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. Your doctor may also call it PBC. It used to be called primary biliary cirrhosis. These ducts have an important job. They carry a fluid called bile, which plays a key role in digestion, away from your liver. Bile is what helps your body absorb fats, cholesterol, and even some vitamins. It also helps get rid of worn-out red blood cells and other things your body doesn't need.


Question: How do decongestants work?

Answer: They help reduce swelling in the passageways of your nose, which relieves the feeling of pressure and improves the flow of air. You'll be able to breathe a whole lot better. Decongestants come in pill form or nasal sprays. Don't use the sprays for more than 3 days, or you may get more stuffed up.


Question: What medicines are used for congestion?

Answer: Decongestants and antihistamines can help. They come in different forms, and they're often mixed into combination drugs that you can buy without a prescription. It pays to do a little homework to make sure you're picking the right medicine for your symptoms.


Question: What are the side effects of decongestants?

Answer: Decongestants may keep you awake and are usually taken during the day. Nasal sprays are less likely to have that side effect and may be helpful at night for congestion. Decongestants can also raise blood pressure. So if your BP is high already, or you've got heart disease, check with your doctor before you use them.


Question: What are the most common areas for pain from sickle cell disease?

Answer: You may have pain anywhere in your body and in more than one place. The most common areas are: Arms Belly Chest Legs Lower back A pain crisis can last anywhere from hours to weeks.


Question: What is the definition of hypnosis?

Answer: Hypnosis is defined as an altered state of awareness in which you appear to be asleep or in a trance. Clinical hypnosis may be used to treat certain physical or psychological problems. For instance, it is frequently used to help patients control pain. It is also used in a wide range of other conditions such as weight issues, speech disorders, and addiction problems.


Question: How well does hypnosis work to help people stop smoking?

Answer: Study results have been mixed. In 2010, a systematic review of published studies found that there wasn't enough evidence to support the use of hypnosis.


Question: What is Spiegel's method of hypnosis for quitting smoking?

Answer: Spiegel's method is one popular smoking cessation hypnosis technique that focuses on three main ideas: Smoking poisons the body You need your body to live You should respect your body and protect it (to the extent you'd like to live) The hypnotherapist teaches the smoker self-hypnosis, and then asks him or her to repeat these affirmations anytime the desire to smoke occurs.


Question: How successful is hypnosis for smoking cessation?

Answer: Hypnosis, in general, does not work for everyone. About one in four people are not able to be hypnotized. When successful, the intensity of hypnosis can vary from person to person.


Question: What are symptoms of leukemia?

Answer: Many types of leukemia produce no obvious symptoms in the early stages. Eventually, symptoms may include any of the following: Anemia and related symptoms, such as fatigue, pallor, and a general feeling of illness. A tendency to bruise or bleed easily, including bleeding from the gums or nose, or blood in the stool or urine. Susceptibility to infections such as sore throat or bronchial pneumonia, which may be accompanied by headache, low-grade fever, mouth sores, or skin rash. Swollen lymph nodes, typically in the throat, armpits, or groin. Loss of appetite and weight. Discomfort under the left lower ribs (caused by a swollen spleen). Very high white blood cell counts may result in visual problems due to retinal hemorrhage, ringing of the ears (tinnitus), mental status changes, prolonged erection (priapism), and stroke.


Question: What is intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET)?

Answer: Intervertebral discs act as cushions between the vertebrae. Sometimes the discs can become damaged and cause pain. IDET uses heat to modify the nerve fibers of a spinal disc and to destroy pain receptors in the area. In this procedure, a wire called an electrothermal catheter is placed through an incision in the disc. An electrical current passes through the wire, heating a small outer portion of the disc to a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius. IDET is performed as an outpatient procedure while the patient is awake and under a local anesthesia.


Question: What is radiofrequency discal nucleoplasty?

Answer: Radiofrequency discal nucleoplasty is a newer procedure which utilizes a radio frequency probe instead of heating wire to disintegrate a small portion of the central disc material. The result of this intervention is partial decompression of the disc, which may help relieve pain caused by bulging discs pressing on nearby spinal nerve roots.


Question: What is melanoma like in people with dark skin?

Answer: Although dark-skinned people have a natural protection against skin cancer, that doesn't mean it can't occur. It does -- most frequently where skin is lightest, such as the palms, soles of the feet, and around the nail bed. This is most true for Asians, Native Americans, and people of African descent. In Hispanics, melanoma occurs most frequently on the legs. Because it is frequently misdiagnosed as plantar warts (on the soles of the feet), tinea manuum (a fungus occurring on the palms of the hands), or a condition known as talon noir or black heel, and because many people do not seek treatment early on, the melanoma death rate is highest among people with dark skin. The lifesaving answer lies in awareness and early diagnosis.


Question: What should you know about skin conditions in dark skin?

Answer: Skin problems, however, are generally color-blind, meaning that most skin conditions can occur in every race and in all skin types. That said, there are certain skin conditions that seem to affect dark skin more frequently or with more severity. Further, many treatments used for common skin conditions can sometimes lead to even more problems when used on people of color. But before you can learn how to protect your face and body, it's important to know a little something about the biology of dark skin.


Question: What is pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) like for people with dark skin?

Answer: This skin condition is characterized by bumps under the surface of the skin, and is often confused with acne. But the problem actually stems from ingrown hairs. It most often occurs in black and Hispanic people, due to the distinct shape of the hair follicle. If the bumps are squeezed or manipulated in any way, they can become inflamed or infected. But even when left alone, they can be difficult to cover and sometimes cause pain. Recent studies have shown that laser hair removal is an effective treatment. Because this condition is often confused with acne, it's important to have your diagnosis confirmed by a dermatologist familiar with dark skin.


Question: Who is at greatest risk for pigmentation problems?

Answer: Those with sensitive skin are at greatest risk for pigmentation problems. In fact, any skin care product ingredient that irritates or dries skin increases the risk.


Question: How is gestational diabetes treated?

Answer: Do urine tests that check for ketones, which mean that your diabetes is not under control Eat a healthy diet that's in line with your doctor's recommendations Make exercise a habit Your doctor will track how much weight you gain and let you know if you need to take insulin or other medicine for your gestational diabetes.


Question: Who is more likely to get gestational diabetes?

Answer: You are more likely to get gestational diabetes if you: Were overweight before you got pregnant Are African- American, Asian, Hispanic, or Native American Have high blood sugar levels, but not high enough to be diabetes Have a family history of diabetes Have had gestational diabetes before Have high blood pressure or other medical complications Have given birth to a large baby before (greater than 9 pounds) Have given birth to a baby that was stillborn or had certain birth defects Are older than 25 Gestational diabetes usually happens in the second half of pregnancy.


Question: What do I need to know about using a surrogate mother?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There's still some controversy about using a surrogate mother to have a baby. The legal process is also tricky because it varies from state to state. Even so, whether it's because of fertility problems or other reasons, surrogacy is an option for you and your partner. Find out how it works and see if it's right for you.


Question: How can I choose a surrogate mother?

Answer: Right now there aren't any regulations about who can be a surrogate mother. But experts agree on a few points about how to select one. You should choose a surrogate who: Is at least 21 years old Has already given birth to at least one healthy baby so she understands firsthand the medical risks of pregnancy and childbirth and the emotional issues of bonding with a newborn Has passed a psychological screening by a mental health professional to uncover any issues with giving up the baby after birth Signs a contract about her role and responsibilities in the pregnancy, such as prenatal care and agreeing to give you the baby after birth The American Society for Reproductive Medicine says a surrogate should get a medical exam to check that she's likely to have a healthy, full-term pregnancy.


Question: What should I know about using a surrogate?

Answer: You should choose a surrogate who: Is at least 21 years old Has already given birth to at least one healthy baby so she understands firsthand the medical risks of pregnancy and childbirth and the emotional issues of bonding with a newborn Has passed a psychological screening by a mental health professional to uncover any issues with giving up the baby after birth Signs a contract about her role and responsibilities in the pregnancy, such as prenatal care and agreeing to give you the baby after birth The American Society for Reproductive Medicine says a surrogate should get a medical exam to check that she's likely to have a healthy, full-term pregnancy. The organization suggests she gets tests that check for infectious diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C. Surrogates should get tests to make sure they have immunity to measles, rubella ( German measles), and chickenpox. Also, you may want to ask that she get a medical procedure to visually "map" the uterus, which can help the doctor check her potential to carry a pregnancy. A surrogate mother should have her own doctor during pregnancy rather than use yours. The cost of surrogacy can range from $80,000 to $120,000. A lot of different things go into the price, such as whether the surrogate has her own medical insurance or whether you need to buy a surrogacy-pregnancy policy for her.


Question: Who uses surrogates?

Answer: If you're a woman, you may consider a surrogate for several reasons: Medical problems with your uterus You had a hysterectomy that removed your uterus Conditions that make pregnancy impossible or risky for you, such as severe heart disease You may want to think about surrogacy if you tried but couldn't get pregnant with a variety of assisted-reproduction techniques, such as IVF. Surrogates have also made parenthood an option for people who might not be able to adopt a child, perhaps because of their age or marital status. If gay men decide to use a traditional surrogate, one of them uses his sperm to fertilize the surrogate's egg through artificial insemination. The surrogate then carries the baby and gives birth. A gay couple might also choose an egg donor, fertilize that donated egg, and then have the embryo implanted in a gestational surrogate to carry until birth.


Question: What medications treat Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Selegiline ( Eldepryl Zelapar) and rasagiline ( Azilect).


Question: How does safinamide help with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Safinamide ( Xadago) is an add-on medicine that may be prescribed when individuals taking levdopoa and carbidopa have a breakthrough of Parkinson's symptoms that were previously under control. Studies show that adding this drug helps individuals experience longer times with reduced or no symptoms. The most common side effects are trouble falling or staying asleep, nausea, falls, and uncontrolled, involuntary movements.


Question: How do dopamine agonists help with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: They include ropinirole ( Requip), pramipexole ( Mirapex), and rotigotine ( Neupro). You can take one of these drugs on its own or along with Sinemet. Most doctors prescribe dopamine agonists first and then add levodopa if your symptoms still aren't under control. Dopamine agonists don't have the same risks of long-term problems as levodopa therapy.


Question: How does Sinemet help with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Sinemet is a mix of levodopa and another drug called carbidopa. Carbidopa makes the levodopa work better, so you can take less of it. That prevents many common side effects of levodopa, such as nausea, vomiting, and irregular heart rhythms. Sinemet has the fewest short-term side effects, compared with other Parkinson's medications. But it does raise your odds for some long-term problems, such as involuntary movements.


Question: Which drugs stop the breakdown of dopamine to treat Parkinson's disease?

Answer: These drugs block the brain chemicals that break down dopamine. That helps your brain have more dopamine to work with. Some evidence shows that selegiline may slow the progression of Parkinson's disease, especially early on.


Question: When should you try a different opioid to avoid constipation?

Answer: These meds work by blocking the effects that the drugs have on your gut: Lubiprostone ( Amitzia), a pill Methylnaltrexone ( Relistor), a shot Naldemedine ( Symproic), a pill Naloxegol ( Movantik), a pill All opioids can cause constipation, but some may have less of an effect than others. Some studies have found that fentanyl may cause less constipation than morphine. Tapentadol may also be easier on your intestines than oxycodone. Methadone may also be less constipating. Talk to your doctor about which drugs will give you the right balance of pain relief and fewer side effects.


Question: What are prescription options to treat guttate psoriasis?

Answer: There are several over-the-counter or prescription options for the itchy, flaky skin, as well as the dryness and swelling. They include: Cortisone cream for itching and swelling Dandruff shampoo for your scalp Lotions with coal tar to soothe your skin Moisturizers Prescription medicines with or vitamin AIf your case is more serious, your doctor may give you a prescription to take by mouth.


Question: What causes guttate psoriasis?

Answer: An outbreak is usually triggered by a bacterial infection -- typically streptococcus (strep throat). It sets off an immune system reaction that causes the spots on your skin. In some cases, guttate psoriasis is genetic. If someone in your family has it, your chances of getting it go up.


Question: What  does dimethylaminoethanol do in skin care products?

Answer: The brain makes DMAE. DMAE in skin care products shows minimal effects at best when applied on skin for the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles.


Question: What is kojic acid?

Answer: Kojic acid is a more recent remedy for treating pigment problems and age spots. First developed in 1989, kojic acid has a similar effect as hydroquinone. Kojic acid is made from a fungus, and studies have shown that it is effective at lightening skin.


Question: What is retinol?

Answer: Kojic acid is made from a fungus, and studies have shown that it is effective at lightening skin. Retinol is made from vitamin A, and it's in many non-prescription skin care products. Retinol's stronger counterpart is tretinoin, which is the active ingredient in Retin- A and Renova, available by prescription only.


Question: What are alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs)?

Answer: Creams and lotions with alpha-hydroxy acids may help with fine lines, irregular pigmentation, and age spots. Side effects of alpha-hydroxy acids include mild irritation and sun sensitivity. For that reason, sunscreen should be used every morning.


Question: What does alpha-lipoic acid do in skin care products?

Answer: Alpha-lipoic acid diminishes fine lines, gives skin a healthy glow, and boosts levels of other antioxidants, such as vitamin C. Alpha-lipoic acid can enter all parts of a skin cell. Due to this quality, it is believed that alpha-lipoic acid can provide more protection than other antioxidants against so-called free radicals that can damage skin.


Question: What are calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Heart conditions that calcium channel blockers might be prescribed for: High blood pressure (especially in African Americans) Coronary artery disease Coronary spasm Angina (chest pain) Abnormal heart rhythms Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Diastolic heart failure (preserved left ventricular function) Raynaud's syndrome (a circulatory problem affecting blood vessels in the hands and feet) Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of your lungs) If you have systolic heart failure, then amlodipine and felodipine are the only calcium channel blockers you should use.


Question: What should I avoid when I'm taking calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you: Gain weight Have trouble breathing (shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing) Get a skin rash or hives Are very lightheaded or faint Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while you're taking a calcium channel blocker. Avoid alcohol because it can change how calcium channel blockers work and make the side effects worse. Your doctor needs to know about all the medications you're taking, to avoid problems with calcium channel blockers. Talk to your doctor before you take anything new, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.


Question: What side effects of calcium channel blockers should I immediately contact my doctor for?

Answer: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Tenderness or bleeding of the gums Sexual dysfunction Let your doctor know if these side effects are severe or don't go away. Contact your doctor right away if you: Gain weight Have trouble breathing (shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing) Get a skin rash or hives Are very lightheaded or faint Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while you're taking a calcium channel blocker.


Question: Are calcium channel blockers safe to use during pregnancy?

Answer: However, you should always consult with your doctor before taking calcium channel blockers during pregnancy. These drugs may pass into breast milk, but no adverse effect on breastfed infants has been found. Discuss the risks and benefits of using calcium channel blockers while breastfeeding with your doctor.


Question: How can hyperthyroidism affect your metabolism?

Answer: When you first get hyperthyroidism, you may feel very energetic. This is because your metabolism is sped up. But over time, this increase in your metabolism can break your body down, and cause you to feel tired.


Question: How do I know if I have hyperthyroidism?

Answer: Some common signs include: Feeling nervous, anxious, or irritable Experiencing mood swings Feeling very tired or weak Sensitivity to heat An enlarged thyroid (goiter). This can make the base of your neck look swollen. Losing weight suddenly with no known cause Fast or irregular heartbeat or palpitations (pounding in your heart) Increased frequency in your bowel movements Shaking in your hands and fingers (tremor) Sleep problems Thinning skin Changes in your hair that make it fine and brittle Changes in your menstrual cycle These are less likely to show up if you're an older adult, but sometimes there will be subtle symptoms.


Question: What are the different types of ear drops?

Answer: For the most part, there are three main types of eye drops: Artificial tears Allergy drops Anti-redness drops Some eye drops might do a combination of things, but if you understand these basic types, you'll know how to choose wisely. You might also notice some natural, homeopathic, or herbal eye drops. Generally, there's just not a lot of evidence about how well these really work.