Question: What are behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What are cognitive symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What rehabilitation is needed to treat brain damage?

Answer: That may include: Physical therapy Occupational therapy Speech and language therapy Psychological support Most injuries that cause brain damage are preventable.


Question: What is focal brain damage?

Answer: Some brain injuries cause focal -- or localized -- brain damage, such as the damage caused when a bullet enters the brain. In other words, the damage is confined to a small area.


Question: What can cause acquired brain injury?

Answer: Causes of traumatic brain injury include: Car accidents Blows to the head Sports injuries Falls or accidents Physical violence Causes of acquired brain injury include: Poisoning or exposure to toxic substances Infection Strangulation, choking, or drowning Stroke Heart attacks Tumors Aneurysms Neurological illnesses Abuse of illegal drugs There are numerous symptoms of brain damage, whether traumatic or acquired.


Question: What is it like to live with chronic illness and depression?

Answer: Chronic medical conditions can bring on bouts of depression, which, in turn get in the way of successful treatment of the disease. Living with a chronic illness is a challenge, and it's normal to feel grief and sadness as you come to grips with your condition and its implications. But if these feelings don't go away, or you are having trouble sleeping or eating, or you've lost interest in the activities you normally enjoy, seek help.


Question: What is chronic illness?

Answer: A chronic illness is a condition that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely, although some illnesses can be controlled or managed through lifestyle (diet and exercise) and certain medications. Examples of chronic illnesses include diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, kidney disease, HIV/ AIDS, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.


Question: How can family therapist help?

Answer: Some of the things that family therapists can help with are: Conflicts between family members Substance abuse or addiction A family member's mental illness Financial problems or disagreements about money Problems in school Difficulties between siblings Children's behavior problems Caring for a family member with special needs Issues with extended family members A family member's illness or a death in the family Infidelity Separation or divorce How to plan for shared custody of children First, your therapist will talk to everyone in the family to help her understand what's going on.


Question: How often should I drink water if I have multiple sclerosis and have the urge to urinate?

Answer: Drink a small glass of water (about 6 to 8 ounces) all at once every few hours during the day. That's better than sipping drinks constantly, which might make you want to pee more often. You'll know when you get enough to drink because your urine will turn light yellow.


Question: Should I sip drinks throughout the day to stop going to the bathroom if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Don't sip. Drink a small glass of water (about 6 to 8 ounces) all at once every few hours during the day. That's better than sipping drinks constantly, which might make you want to pee more often. You'll know when you get enough to drink because your urine will turn light yellow.


Question: Can I still drink caffeine and alcohol if I have multiple sclerosis and have the urge to urinate?

Answer: Caffeine and alcohol can irritate your bladder and increase the urge to go. Alcohol also affects the way your kidneys absorb water, and it can make your bladder fill up more quickly than usual.


Question: Should I limit caffeine and alcohol to stop going to the bathroom if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Caffeine and alcohol can irritate your bladder and increase the urge to go. Alcohol also affects the way your kidneys absorb water, and it can make your bladder fill up more quickly than usual.


Question: What medications can cause dry mouth?

Answer: Some medicines that list dry mouth as a side effect include: Antihistamines Antidepressants Antipsychotics Parkinson's disease medications Alzheimer's disease medications Lung inhalers Certain blood pressure and heart medications, including angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, heart rhythm medications, and diuretics Seizure medications Isotretinoin, used to treat acne Anti-anxiety medications Anti-nausea and anti-diarrheal medicines Narcotic pain medications Scopolamine, used to prevent motion sickness Anti-spasm medications Dry mouth can be a bothersome problem.


Question: Can medications cause swollen gums?

Answer: Gingival overgrowth increases your risk of periodontal disease. Swollen gum tissue creates a favorable environment for bacteria, which can damage surrounding tooth structures. Medications that can cause gum swelling and overgrowth include: Phenytoin, a seizure medication Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant drug often used to prevent transplant rejection Blood pressure medications called calcium channel blockers, which include nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine Men are more likely to develop this side effect.


Question: Can medications change your sense of taste?

Answer: Usually the taste changes are temporary and go away when you stop taking the medicine. Chemotherapy drugs, including methotrexate and doxorubicin, are a common cause of taste changes. Many other medicines have been linked to taste changes.


Question: What medications can cause tooth discoloration?

Answer: The following medicines can cause brown, yellow-brown, or gray tooth discoloration: amoxicillin-clavulanate ( Augmentin), an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections chlorhexidine, an antiseptic/disinfectant doxycycline, an antibiotic related to tetracycline that is often used to treat acne tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat acne and some respiratory infections Too much fluoride (found in some chewable vitamins, toothpastes, and mouthwash) can lead to white streaks on the tooth enamel, or a whitish-brown discoloration. In severe cases, excess fluoride (called fluorosis) can lead to permanently stained brown teeth. The following drugs may cause greenish or a blue-green grayish color: ciprofloxacin ( Cipro), an antibiotic known as a quinolone minocycline, an antibiotic related to tetracycline Iron salts taken by mouth can lead to black teeth.


Question: Can medications cause dry mouth?

Answer: Some drugs can reduce the amount of saliva in your mouth, causing an uncomfortably dry mouth (xerostomia). Without enough saliva, the tissues in the mouth can become irritated and inflamed. This increases your risk for infection, tooth decay, and gum disease. More than 400 medications are known to cause dry mouth. Dry mouth is also a side effect of certain chemotherapy medicines.


Question: Can fluoride cause tooth discoloration?

Answer: The following medicines can cause brown, yellow-brown, or gray tooth discoloration: amoxicillin-clavulanate ( Augmentin), an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections chlorhexidine, an antiseptic/disinfectant doxycycline, an antibiotic related to tetracycline that is often used to treat acne tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat acne and some respiratory infections Too much fluoride (found in some chewable vitamins, toothpastes, and mouthwash) can lead to white streaks on the tooth enamel, or a whitish-brown discoloration. In severe cases, excess fluoride (called fluorosis) can lead to permanently stained brown teeth.


Question: What can you do about dry mouth caused by medication?

Answer: However, many times, the benefits of using a medicine outweigh the risks and discomfort of dry mouth. Drinking plenty of water or chewing sugarless gum may help relieve your symptoms.


Question: How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnosed?

Answer: HCM is diagnosed based on medical history (your symptoms and family history), a physical exam, and echocardiogram results. Additional tests may include blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, CT scan, and MRI.


Question: What medications are used to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Answer: Drugs are often used to treat symptoms and prevent further complications of HCM. Medications can help relax the heart and reduce the degree of obstruction so the heart can pump more efficiently. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blocker blockers are two classes of medications that may be prescribed. If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe medications to control your heart rate or decrease the occurrence of arrhythmias. You may be told to avoid certain medications, such as nitrates, because they lower blood pressure, or digoxin, because it increases the force of the heart's contraction. Non-obstructive HCM symptoms may be treated with medications. If heart failure occurs, treatment is aimed at controlling it through heart failure medications and diet changes. Your doctor will discuss which medications are best for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Answer: Many people with HCM have no symptoms or only minor symptoms, and live a normal life. Other people develop symptoms, which progress and worsen as heart function worsens. Symptoms of HCM can occur at any age and may include: Chest pain or pressure (occurs usually with exercise or physical activity, but can also occur with rest or after meals) Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially with exertion Fatigue (feeling overly tired) Fainting (caused by irregular heart rhythms, abnormal responses of the blood vessels during exercise, or no cause may be found) Palpitations (fluttering in the chest) due to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia Sudden death (occurs in a small number of patients with HCM) HCM can run in families, but the condition may also be acquired as a part of aging or high blood pressure.


Question: What people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk for sudden cardiac death?

Answer: A small number of people with HCM have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. People at risk include: Those who have family members who have had sudden cardiac death Young people with HCM who have had several episodes of fainting Those who have an abnormal blood pressure response with exercise Adults who have a history of arrhythmia with a fast heart rate Those with severe symptoms and poor heart function If you have two or more risk factors for sudden cardiac death, your doctor will treat you with medications to prevent arrhythmias or with an ICD. Most people with HCM are at low risk for sudden cardiac death. Talk to your doctor about any concerns you may have.


Question: How can I avoid endocarditis related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Answer: People with obstructive HCM may be at increased risk for infective endocarditis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Ask your doctor if you need to take endocarditis precautions, which include: Telling all your doctors and dentist you have HCM. They should prescribe antibiotics to prevent an infection before performing any procedures on you that may cause bleeding (dental, respiratory, and gastrointestinal procedures). Calling your doctor if you have symptoms of an infection. Taking good care of your teeth and gums.


Question: What lifestyle changes are recommended to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Answer: Diet . Drinking at least six to eight, 8-ounce glasses of water a day is important, unless fluids are restricted. In hot weather, you should increase your fluid intake. Fluid and salt restrictions may be necessary for some patients if heart failure symptoms are present. Ask your doctor about specific fluid and dietary guidelines, including information about alcoholic beverages and caffeinated products. Exercise. Your doctor will tell you if you may exercise or not. Most people with cardiomyopathy are able to do non-competitive aerobic exercise. However, your doctor may ask you not to exercise, based on your symptoms and the severity of your disease. Heavy weight lifting is not recommended. Regular follow-up visits. Patients with HCM should have an annual follow-up visit with their cardiologist to monitor their condition. Follow-up appointments may be more frequent when HCM is first diagnosed.


Question: What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Answer: Symptoms of HCM can occur at any age and may include: Chest pain or pressure (occurs usually with exercise or physical activity, but can also occur with rest or after meals) Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially with exertion Fatigue (feeling overly tired) Fainting (caused by irregular heart rhythms, abnormal responses of the blood vessels during exercise, or no cause may be found) Palpitations (fluttering in the chest) due to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia Sudden death (occurs in a small number of patients with HCM) HCM can run in families, but the condition may also be acquired as a part of aging or high blood pressure. In other instances, the cause is unknown.


Question: What puts you at a higher risk of heart disease?

Answer: The more of these risk factors you have, the higher your risk of heart disease: A previous heart attack or stroke A family history of heart disease High total cholesterol Low HDL cholesterol High blood pressure Being male or a post-menopausal woman You smoke cigarettes Uncontrolled diabetes or high blood pressure You don't exercise You're obese or overweight It's important for everyone to make these lifestyle changes to reduce their chance of having heart disease.


Question: Do high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) indicate a higher risk for heart disease?

Answer: If your arteries are inflamed, you have a greater risk of: Heart disease Heart attack Stroke Peripheral arterial disease CRP seems to predict the chance of having cardiovascular problems at least as well as cholesterol levels. A recent study found that elevated levels of C-reactive protein were associated with three-times-greater risk of a heart attack.


Question: What are the effects of severe low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: In severe cases, the disease causes scar tissue to grow on the liver, a condition called cirrhosis.


Question: How can liver transplant help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: Some children get cirrhosis by age 10 or older and may be more likely to get liver cancer. If this happens, your doctor may suggest a liver transplant. A successful transplant can greatly ease the symptoms and complications of low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis. However, there can be a long wait for a liver to become available. After surgery, your child will need to take drugs to keep the body from rejecting the new organ.


Question: What causes low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: If your child has the disorder, a gene that helps form the liver carries faulty instructions. When that happens, bile can't flow through your child's liver, leading to a condition called cholestasis. One of the signs is that his body doesn't make enough of a chemical called gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma- GT for short, that helps digestion.


Question: How common is low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: It happens to about 1 in every 50,000 to 100,000 children.


Question: What are non-surgery treatments for low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: There's no single treatment for low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis, but there are a variety of steps that can ease the symptoms and slow down the liver damage that happens as the condition goes on. Small children may get special formula that has a form of fat that's easier for the body to absorb. Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease.


Question: How can surgery help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease. In one procedure, doctors use a short section of intestine to make a new duct to let bile drain out of your child's body through an opening in the skin on the belly, called a stoma. This type of surgery, called an external biliary diversion, can work in kids who don't have cirrhosis. In another procedure, a surgeon bypasses a section of the intestine where bile salts get absorbed back into the body and routes it to the colon, the last section of your intestines.


Question: How can I avoid germs at the park?

Answer: Steer clear of sandboxes. They attract cats and other animals. Cat droppings can carry bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Keep away from stray dogs. Up to 20% of dog bites lead to infection. Dog droppings can carry bacteria and parasites like hookworms. Avoid any wild animals, such as raccoons, squirrels, or prairie dogs. They can carry germs that lead to infections. Have your child wash his hands after the visit.


Question: How can I keep my child away from germs at the petting zoo?

Answer: Taking your toddler to a petting zoo or the county fair animal exhibit can be fun and educational. Besides supervising your children, here are some tips to reduce your child's exposure to germs around the animals. Find the hand washing stations as soon as you get there. And make liberal use of the sanitizer dispensers. Don't take food or drink in with the animals. Leave strollers, pacifiers, and cups outside, too. Don't let an animal lick your child. Wash your toddler's hands when you leave, even if he didn't pet an animal. Don't try samples of raw, unpasteurized milk.


Question: Can you get witch hazel naturally from foods?

Answer: Witch hazel is relatively safe.


Question: Why do people use  witch hazel?

Answer: As it turns out, witch hazel contains tannins, oils, and other substances that appear to: Lessen inflammation Draw tissue together Slow bleeding Today, you can find witch hazel in your local drugstore. People often use it as an astringent, which draws tissue together and constricts blood vessels. People apply witch hazel to the skin for a variety of problems, such as: Itching Inflammation Injury Insect bites Bruises and minor burns Varicose veins Hemorrhoids Applying witch hazel to the skin is the most common way it is used -- and the safest.


Question: Does witch hazel really work?

Answer: When taken that way it is used to try to treat conditions as varied as: Diarrhea Vomiting or coughing up blood Colitis Colds and fevers Tuberculosis Tumors Cancer There is no proof that taking witch hazel by mouth helps with these or any other conditions. Witch hazel may bring some relief from hemorrhoids or skin irritations and lessen minor bleeding. Witch hazel extracts contain antioxidant compounds that may protect against sunburn and aging from the sun. But the evidence is thin on its use for other conditions. Researchers have more work to do to demonstrate its effectiveness.


Question: Why would someone take witch hazel orally?

Answer: People apply witch hazel to the skin for a variety of problems, such as: Itching Inflammation Injury Insect bites Bruises and minor burns Varicose veins Hemorrhoids Applying witch hazel to the skin is the most common way it is used -- and the safest. People sometimes take witch hazel by mouth. When taken that way it is used to try to treat conditions as varied as: Diarrhea Vomiting or coughing up blood Colitis Colds and fevers Tuberculosis Tumors Cancer There is no proof that taking witch hazel by mouth helps with these or any other conditions.


Question: What is witch hazel?

Answer: Native Americans have long used the leaves and bark of the witch hazel plant as a folk remedy.


Question: What are the symptoms of mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Most people with mantle cell lymphoma have cancer cells in more than one lymph node and in other parts of the body. You may have symptoms such as: Loss of appetite and weight Fever Night sweats Nausea or vomiting Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin Heartburn, belly pain, or bloating A sense of fullness or discomfort from enlarged tonsils, liver, or spleen Pressure or pain in the lower back, often going down one or both legs Fatigue Your doctor will do a physical exam and may ask you questions such as: Have you lost weight recently?


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Do I need to see a doctor who specializes in treating non- Hodgkin's lymphomas? At what stage is my mantle cell lymphoma? How fast is it growing? Do I need treatment now, or can I "watch and wait?" What are my treatment options? Which treatments do you recommend? What are the possible side effects from treatment? How can they be managed? What follow-up care will I need? How will you check for any return of the cancer after my treatment ends?


Question: What is mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Mantle cell lymphoma is a cancer of white blood cells, which help your body fight infections. You may hear your doctor refer to your condition as a type of "non- Hodgkin's lymphoma." These are cancers of the lymphocytes, a specific type of white blood cell. Lymphocytes are found in your lymph nodes, the pea-sized glands in your neck, groin, armpits, and other places that are part of your immune system. If you have mantle cell lymphoma, some of your lymphocytes, called " B-cell" lymphocytes, change into cancer cells. This means they multiply quickly and out of control. These cancer cells start to form tumors in your lymph nodes. They may enter your blood or lymph channels and spread to other lymph nodes, as well as your bone marrow (the soft center where blood cells are made), digestive tract, spleen, and liver. Often, mantle cell lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body by the time you get a diagnosis. Although in most cases it can't be cured, treatment and support can help you live longer and better. And researchers are looking for new treatments that can do even more. It's normal to have worries and questions about any serious condition. Learn about your treatment options, and seek out family and friends for support. They can help you get through the emotional and physical challenges ahead.


Question: What are the different types of oatmeal?

Answer: Rolled oats (also called regular or old-fashioned oats): Oat groats that have been steamed and rolled into flakes that are thicker (and thus take longer to cook) than instant oats. Steel-cut oats (also called Irish oats): You get the whole oat kernel, cut up. These take about 20 minutes to cook. Scottish oats: These are like steel-cut oats, but instead of being cut, they are ground. Oat groats: This is the whole oat kernel -- no cuts, flakes, or grinding. They take longer to cook than other oats. Give them 50-60 minutes to cook, after you bring the water to a boil.


Question: Why should I check the labels on some packets of instant oatmeal?

Answer: Some packets of instant oatmeal, for example, are loaded with sugar -- as much as 8 teaspoons per serving -- and high in sodium. Always check the label to see what you're getting.


Question: Are oats gluten-free?

Answer: If you're on a gluten-free diet, look for oats that are certified gluten-free. Though oats themselves don't contain gluten, they can get tainted with gluten when they're being processed or growing, according to the Whole Grains Council.


Question: How is astrocytoma graded?

Answer: Early symptoms include: Headaches Blurry vision Seizures Memory loss Nausea and vomiting Changes in behavior Like other tumors, astrocytomas are graded on a scale of I to IV, based on how abnormal the cells look and how fast they grow. Grade IV tumors are the most aggressive in their growth. Most astrocytomas in adults are high grade. This means the cells look abnormal and grow quickly.


Question: What are symptoms of astrocytoma?

Answer: As the astrocytoma grows and presses against the brain, it can cause symptoms. They depend partly on where and how big your tumor is. Early symptoms include: Headaches Blurry vision Seizures Memory loss Nausea and vomiting Changes in behavior Like other tumors, astrocytomas are graded on a scale of I to IV, based on how abnormal the cells look and how fast they grow.


Question: How long are colonoscopies?

Answer: Colonoscopy takes 30 to 60 minutes.


Question: What complications can happen in a colonoscopy?

Answer: However, such complications are uncommon.


Question: How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?

Answer: To prepare for the procedure, you may have to follow a liquid diet for 1 to 3 days beforehand. A liquid diet means fat-free bouillon or broth, gelatin, strained fruit juice, water, plain coffee, plain tea, or diet soda. You may need to take laxatives or an enema before the procedure. Also, you must arrange for someone to take you home afterward; you will not be allowed to drive because of the sedatives. Your physician may give you other special instructions.


Question: What are the symptoms of shellfish poisoning?

Answer: Symptoms of shellfish poisoning begin 4-48 hours after eating and include: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Cramps. A person who has blood in the stool and a fever may have a bacterial infection.


Question: What is hydrotherapy?

Answer: These symptoms mean the temperature was too extreme and may have caused skin damage: Skin that's purplish-red, dark red, or a spotty red and white color Hives Swelling Blisters Showers and baths aren't just for mornings. When you're hurting, stand under or settle into warm water for a few minutes to help soothe and relax you. ( If you're over 70 or have heart problems, check with your doctor before getting into a hot tub.) Try a warm shower or bath before you exercise to help loosen joints and muscles. Use cool water after exercise to help calm deep, burning pain and reduce inflammation.


Question: When should you call a doctor about heat or ice treatment?

Answer: Call your doctor if you notice any of the following signs after removing the compress. These symptoms mean the temperature was too extreme and may have caused skin damage: Skin that's purplish-red, dark red, or a spotty red and white color Hives Swelling Blisters Showers and baths aren't just for mornings.


Question: What is heated wax therapy?

Answer: Another way to apply heat -- especially to hands, elbows, and feet -- is warm, melted paraffin. You can buy paraffin wax kits at your local drugstore or beauty supply. A heated container safely melts the wax and mineral oil to make a paraffin bath. Dip your achy body part into the bath several times to build up a warm layer. Take it out of the bath, and cover it with plastic and wrap in a towel for 10-15 minutes until the wax cools. Unwrap and peel the wax away. To avoid irritation and pain, make sure the skin that you treat has no cuts or sores.


Question: What items can be used in heat or ice treatment?

Answer: Each can give you relief from these symptoms: Muscle aches, spasms, and pains Lower and upper back pain Stiff, swollen, or tender joints Neck stiffness Finger, hand, or wrist pain Knee pain For short-term pain relief of any of these conditions, apply a hot or cold compress using any of these items: An electric heating pad A gel pack that can be microwaved or frozen A bag of ice or frozen vegetables A washcloth or small towel soaked in hot or cold water (wring it out, fold it, and apply to the sore area) Whether you use heat or cold, be sure to wrap the pack in a thin towel to help protect your skin.


Question: When should you use heat and when should you use ice for pain?

Answer: Heat boosts the flow of blood and nutrients to an area of the body. It often works best for morning stiffness or to warm up muscles before activity. Cold slows blood flow, reducing swelling and pain. It's often best for short-term pain, like that from a sprain or a strain.


Question: How does diabetes affect my body's ability to heal?

Answer: Over time, high blood sugar can affect your blood flow and cause nerve damage that makes it hard for your body to heal wounds.


Question: Why does diabetes cause dry mouth and itchy skin?

Answer: Because your body is using fluids to make pee, there's less moisture for other things. You could get dehydrated, and your mouth may feel dry. Dry skin can make you itchy.


Question: Why does diabetes cause blurred vision?

Answer: Changing fluid levels in your body could make the lenses in your eyes swell up. They change shape and can't focus.


Question: When should you call your doctor if you think you have diabetes?

Answer: Symptoms include: Blood sugar over 600 mg/dl Dry, parched mouth Extreme thirst Warm, dry skin that doesn't sweat High fever (over 101 F) Sleepiness or confusion Vision loss Hallucinations Weakness on one side of your body If you're older than 45 or have other risks for diabetes, it's important to get tested. When you spot the condition early, you can avoid nerve damage, heart trouble, and other complications. As a general rule, call your doctor if you: Feel sick to your stomach, weak, and very thirsty Are peeing a lot Have a bad belly ache Are breathing more deeply and faster than normal Have sweet breath that smells like nail polish remover ( This is a sign of very high ketones.)


Question: How do you know if your hunger and fatigue are signs of diabetes?

Answer: Both types of diabetes have some of the same telltale warning signs. Hunger and fatigue. Your body converts the food you eat into glucose that your cells use for energy. But your cells need insulin to take in glucose. If your body doesn't make enough or any insulin, or if your cells resist the insulin your body makes, the glucose can't get into them and you have no energy. This can make you hungrier and more tired than usual.


Question: Why does diabetes cause more yeast infections?

Answer: Both men and women with diabetes can get these. Yeast feeds on glucose, so having plenty around makes it thrive. Infections can grow in any warm, moist fold of skin, including: Between fingers and toes Under breasts In or around sex organs Slow-healing sores or cuts.


Question: How is rosacea linked to dry eye?

Answer: Rosacea is a common skin disease that causes rosy patches on your skin and dry or oily spots, usually on the face. There's a related condition called ocular rosacea that can cause dry eye. Rosacea and ocular rosacea seem to be linked to autoimmune disorders, which happen when the immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- kicks into overdrive and attacks different parts of your body. Ocular rosacea may also be related to mites that live on your eyelashes or bacteria from the skin that end up on your eyelid.


Question: Does cranberry have antioxidants?

Answer: Cranberry is an antioxidant, a substance that could protect cells from damage. Some lab studies show that cranberries might have an anticancer effects on cells. It isn't known if it might help people with cancer.


Question: Why do people take cranberry?

Answer: A number of studies, many sponsored by juice manufacturer Ocean Spray, show that cranberry juice helps prevent urinary tract infections ( UTIs) in people who repeatedly have them. Some studies of cranberry supplements have had similar results. Cranberries might stop bacteria from sticking to the sides of the urinary tract. Studies have not shown that cranberries are effective treatments for UTIs once you have an infection.


Question: What is an ulcerative infection?

Answer: It's unusual, but sometimes feet develop open sores, or ulcers. Those ulcers are also open to an infection by bacteria. You'll need antibiotics to treat this.


Question: What are symptoms of toe web infection?

Answer: Symptoms: You may feel a burning sensation between your toes. The skin may be red, peeling, or scaly, and the rash may smell or give off discharge. In very bad cases, your skin may take on a green color.


Question: What are symptoms of moccasin infection?

Answer: Symptoms: At first, your feet may just feel sore, dry, or slightly itchy. After a while, the skin thickens, cracks, or peels. If the infection advances to your nails, your toenails may also get thick and crumbly. Sometimes the nails even come out. You might not be able to use a treatment that goes on your skin. Sometimes a combination of different medications works best for this, including a separate one for your nails.


Question: What are symptoms of a vesicular infection?

Answer: Symptoms: Vesicular infections happen anywhere on your foot. But the small, red blisters usually pop up on your soles or between your toes. The rash may feel itchy or painful. It can be worse in the summer.


Question: What is moccasin infection?

Answer: If the fungus covers the sole of your foot, it's called a moccasin infection. You may see the rash spread along your heel and up the side of your foot as well.


Question: What are the symptoms of an ulcerative infection?

Answer: Symptoms: In addition to sores that may ooze discharge, your skin gets very inflamed and discolored. This type of infection is usually very painful.


Question: How can your doctor diagnose fulminant hepatitis?

Answer: To help diagnose and find the cause of fulminant hepatitis, your doctor may perform: Blood and urine tests. Results can show how well your liver works. Your doctor will also do a test to see how long it takes for your blood to clot. When you have fulminant hepatitis, blood doesn't clot as fast as it should. Scans of your liver. Imaging tests allow your doctor to check the liver for damage, vein problems, tumors, or other issues. You may get an ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan.


Question: If Iâm taking pioglitazone (Actos) for my type 2 diabetes, what side effects should I call a doctor about?

Answer: If you take pioglitazone ( Actos) or a combination drug with pioglitazone in it ( Actoplus Met, Duetact), call your doctor if you have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Severe swelling Dark pee It's rare, but metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis.


Question: What kind of medication changes can happen as I treat my diabetes?

Answer: It's important to keep your blood sugar within a healthy range. This lowers your chances of diabetes complications. If your readings are too high on your current medication, your doctor might want to change the dose or try another. This can happen even if your medication worked very well at first. Sometimes it just doesn't do the trick by itself anymore. If one drug doesn't manage your blood sugar well enough, your doctor might add a second. If two don't work, she could add a third.


Question: Iâve made some changes to my lifestyle. How will I know if I need to change my type 2 diabetes medication?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you are on the drug or a combination that contains it, and if you have any of the following symptoms: Loss of appetite Abdominal discomfort or diarrhea Muscle cramping Fast, shallow breathing Weakness or unusual tiredness If you've made lifestyle changes like weight loss and regular exercise, you might need a lower dose. Your doctor will review your treatment plan and make any needed changes. Talk to your doctor before you change or stop any medication. Do not quit taking any mediation without her OK.


Question: What are signs of convulsion in children that need immediate medical attention?

Answer: Appears to have a seizure with uncontrolled, rapid shaking Has trouble breathing Turns blue Hits his head before or during a convulsion Is unconscious for several minutes Might have ingested something poisonous Convulsions, also known as seizures, in babies and young children can be terrifying for parents, and to be safe you should seek emergency help.


Question: How do I treat chronic insomnia?

Answer: If you have chronic insomnia, getting treatment for any underlying health condition or other problem may help you to sleep better. If you still have insomnia, your doctor may suggest behavioral therapy, which is frequently used when insomnia stems from the mind or body being unable to relax. Behavioral therapy teaches a person how to alter behaviors that worsen insomnia and learn new ways to promote sleep.


Question: Do sleeping pills treat insomnia?

Answer: If you still have trouble functioning during the day because of poor sleep, your doctor may prescribe sleeping pills for a few weeks. Commonly used sleep aids include sedatives, minor tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety drugs. Most are safe if a doctor supervises their use. Some sleep aids can become habit-forming or pose the potential for overdose if not used as directed.


Question: What causes secondary insomnia?

Answer: Secondary insomnia: Sleep problems occur because of another issue, such as a sleep disorder like apnea; another health condition or disease; chronic pain from arthritis or headaches; medications; or alcohol, caffeine, and other substances.


Question: What should you put in a sleep diary if you have insomnia?

Answer: If you've made lifestyle changes and still have sleep problems, write down in a journal: Time you went to bed Approximate time you fell asleep Time you woke up Number of times you woke up during the night Amount of time you stayed awake during the night Total amount of sleep you log per night Any grogginess upon waking in the morning or during the day Naps and their duration Any daytime incidents of dozing off and where it happened Any comments about particular sleep problems or quality of sleep Share your sleep diary with your doctor.


Question: Is it important to exercise if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you have joint pain and stiffness, you may not want to exercise. But stay as active as possible. It actually helps to lessen your symptoms and prevent long-term problems.


Question: How can I lower my stress level with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Dealing with RA can be stressful, but there are lots of ways you can lower your stress level: Talk with your doctor or nurse. They may suggest counseling or have other ideas to help with your stress. Take time to rest during the day. Balancing activity and rest is an important part of self-care for RA. Try to relax. Simple deep breathing can make you feel better. Learn special techniques like yoga and meditation. They may help you relax. Get support from friends, family, and co-workers. Join a class or support group. There may be arthritis programs in your area. You can connect with others who have RA online or on social media.


Question: Will rheumatoid arthritis medication cause weight loss?

Answer: You may also have weight loss from RA or from some medicines you take. If you've lost weight, make sure you tell your doctor. If you need help with your diet, your doctor may recommend that you see a nutritionist or dietician.


Question: What types of medical professionals can help me exercise with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Physical therapists ( PT) and occupational therapists ( OT) can teach you how to stay active in a way that both helps and protects your joints. Ask your doctor about seeing someone who specializes in RA.


Question: Do special diets help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Although there have been many studies about diet and rheumatoid arthritis, there is no strong proof that a special diet helps.


Question: What happens during testicular cancer surgery?

Answer: During: Your surgeon will make a small incision â a cut -- into the abdomen just above your pubic area. He will take out the whole testicle. He will then cut what's called the âspermatic cord,â which holds the vessels that carry blood and fluid to the testicles. This is done to keep cancer cells from going to other parts of your body. The surgery usually takes about 30 minutes. The testicle is examined to check for cancer or signs that it has spread.


Question: How can I prepare for testicular cancer surgery?

Answer: Other things you'll want to remember: Be prepared to take it easy for 2 to 4 weeks after surgery. Make sure you have someone to take you home from the hospital. You won't be able to drive. Wear loose-fitting pants. Leave your valuables at home. Have your insurance papers in order.


Question: Will testicular cancer surgery affect my ability to control ejaculation?

Answer: Control: There's a chance that surgery to remove lymph nodes may damage the nerves that control ejaculation. Talk with your doctor to find out more.


Question: Will testicular cancer surgery affect my sex drive?

Answer: Sex drive: Since the testicles produce the male hormone testosterone, taking out both could result in a lower sex drive. Supplements that come in patches, gels, or shots can help reduce those effects.


Question: How does alcohol use disorder affect younger and older people differently?

Answer: In young people binge drinking is more acceptable, and teenagers tend to drink with friends. Older people are more likely to drink alone, and take medications or have co-morbidities that make drinking more risky. Both situations can make it hard to identify a problem drinker.


Question: What health problems can alcohol use disorder cause?

Answer: Alcohol intoxication may or may not be obvious to observers. Even in highly functional alcoholics, chronic alcoholism can lead to physical problems. Most common is damage to your liver, which over time can lead to cirrhosis (scarred liver). Other risks include depression, chronic gastritis that leads to stomach bleeds, pancreatitis, high blood pressure, heart failure, numbness and tingling in your feet and changes in your brain. Alcoholism can also increase your risk for infections including pneumonia and tuberculosis. Alcoholism can also lead to impotence in men, damage to the fetus in pregnant women, and an elevated risk of cancer of the larynx, esophagus, liver, breast, stomach, pancreas, and upper gastrointestinal tract. Because heavy drinkers seldom have adequate diets, they may have nutritional deficiencies. Heavy drinkers typically have impaired liver function, and up to one in five develops cirrhosis.


Question: How common is alcohol abuse?

Answer: Consumed in moderate amounts, alcoholic beverages are relaxing and in some cases may even have beneficial effects on heart health. Consumed in excess, alcohol is poisonous and is considered a drug. It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U. S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country's homicides, suicides, and traffic accidents. Alcohol abuse also plays a role in many social and domestic problems, from job absenteeism and crimes against property to spousal and child abuse.


Question: What makes treatment difficult for alcohol use disorder?

Answer: The alcoholic's continual craving for alcohol makes abstinence -- an important goal of treatment -- extremely difficult. The condition is also complicated by denial: Alcoholics might be reluctant to admit their excess drinking either because of denial or guilt. Another barrier to receiving care is that physicians screen only about 15% of their primary care patients for alcohol disorders. Historically, alcoholic behavior was blamed on a character flaw or weakness of will; experts now consider alcoholism, and addiction more generally, a medical disease.


Question: What are physical effects of drinking alcohol?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The immediate physical effects of drinking alcohol range from mild mood changes to complete loss of coordination, vision, balance, and speech -- any of which can be signals of acute alcohol intoxication, or drunkenness. These effects usually wear off in a matter of hours after a person stops drinking. Many law-enforcement agencies regard a .08 percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream as evidence of intoxication. Larger amounts of blood alcohol can impair brain function and eventually cause unconsciousness. An extreme overdose, alcohol poisoning, can be fatal.


Question: What causes alcoholism?

Answer: The cause of alcoholism seems to be a blend of genetic, physical, psychological, environmental, and social factors. A given person's risk of becoming an alcoholic is three to four times greater if a parent is alcoholic. While children of alcoholics have an increased risk of struggling with alcohol, many children of people who have an alcohol abuse or dependence issue do not develop a problem.


Question: How can you train your bladder to help your OAB?

Answer: Hold your pee when you feel like you need to go. It's easier if you do it while sitting down. Sit still, and squeeze your pelvic floor muscles several times in a row. When the urge to pee passes, walk slowly to the bathroom. Be patient. It may take up to 8 weeks to see results.


Question: What is percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation?

Answer: Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: The doctor places a needle on nerves near your ankle that affect bladder control. You'll have one session a week for 12 weeks, then maintenance treatments as needed. This procedure is done in the office.


Question: How can losing weight help my OAB?

Answer: Exercise and weight loss can improve urinary incontinence and OAB symptoms. It'll ease the stress on your bladder and lead to fewer accidents.


Question: What is sacral nerve stimulation?

Answer: Sacral nerve stimulation: The doctor uses electricity to stimulate the nerves that control your bladder. He'll place a small device under the skin in your butt. It sends mild electric charges through a wire to a nerve in your lower back. This helps build bladder control. This procedure is commonly referred to as a bladder pacemaker.


Question: Does smoking affect my OAB?

Answer: Cigarette smoke irritates your bladder. It can also cause a hacking cough, which could trigger leaks.


Question: Which medications can help OAB?

Answer: Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Ditropan XL) Oxybutynin gel or patch ( Gelnique, Oxytrol), which you rub or place on your skin Solifenacin ( VESIcare) Tolterodine ( Detrol, Detrol LA) Trospium ( Sanctura, Sanctura XR) Women who've been through menopause can also use a form of the hormone estrogen that you apply inside your vagina.


Question: How can my diet help my OAB?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should limit how much you drink at certain times of the day. He might also tell you to avoid coffee, tea, alcohol, sodas, and juices. Ditto for fruits like oranges and grapefruit, and spicy foods. All of them can make your OAB symptoms worse.


Question: What is augmnentation cystoplasty?

Answer: In rare cases, augmentation cystoplasty, where intestine is used to make the bladder bigger or urinary diversion, an alternate route for bladder drainage for severe, complicated OAB patients may be considered Overactive bladder doesn't have to get in the way of your daily life.


Question: How is cardiac rehabilitation used to treat heart failure?

Answer: Some common types are: ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Aldosterone antagonists ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) ARNIs (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors) Beta-blockers Blood vessel dilators Digoxin Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Heart pump medications Potassium or magnesium Selective sinus node inhibitors It's a program to help you exercise safely and keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle. It usually includes workouts that are designed just for you, education, and tips to lower your chance of heart trouble, like quitting smoking or changing your diet. Cardiac rehab also offers emotional support. You can meet others like you who can help you stay on track.


Question: When should you get emergency care for heart failure?

Answer: Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells


Question: When should I get emergency care for heart failure?

Answer: Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells


Question: How much salt can you have if you have heart failure?

Answer: If you have heart failure, you should have no more than 1,500 milligrams of salt every day.


Question: What medicines are used to treat heart failure?

Answer: Some common types are: ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Aldosterone antagonists ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) ARNIs (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors) Beta-blockers Blood vessel dilators Digoxin Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Heart pump medications Potassium or magnesium Selective sinus node inhibitors It's a program to help you exercise safely and keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle.


Question: When should you call your doctor about heart failure?

Answer: If you have anything unusual, don't wait until your next appointment to discuss it with your doctor. Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells


Question: How can excess weight and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect your body?

Answer: Dealing with RA means dealing with chronic inflammation. Most treatments focus on easing that. It not only damages the lining of your joints, inflammation can also cause problems with other parts of your body, like your: Skin Eyes Lungs Heart Blood vessels Having more fat cells brings more inflammation. That's because fat cells release proteins called cytokines. When they build up, they start the inflammation process. The more fat cells you have, the more cytokines you'll have. The more cytokines you have, the more inflammation you have. That makes RA symptoms worse and causes more damage to your body.


Question: How does excess weight affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Nearly two-thirds of the people who have RA are overweight or obese. Carrying extra weight increases your odds of heart disease, stroke, and other chronic problems. It takes an added toll on your health if you have RA. It can: Ramp up your RA symptoms Keep your meds from working the way they should Put more stress on already damaged joints RA has no cure.


Question: How can being overweight with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect your joints?

Answer: Whether you have RA or not, adding pounds to your frame puts pressure on your joints. The ones that bear weight feel the most strain, like your: Ankles Knees Hips Low back Spine Feet When you add that to a disorder that wears down your joints with constant inflammation, you have double trouble.


Question: How can being overweight affect your medications for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Doctors often prescribe biologics like infliximab ( Remicade) or it's biosimilars, infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), as a treatment for RA. These drugs target parts of your immune system that cause inflammation. When you're overweight, the effectiveness of these drugs goes way down. Studies show they work for only about half of overweight people, compared to 75% of people at a healthy weight. Some disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) like methotrexate ( Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall) also don't work as well when you're overweight. Doctors aren't sure why. It may be because the cytokines that fat cells add to your system keep inflammation going, no matter how you treat it. What they do know is slimming down makes it more likely that DMARDs will help you feel better.


Question: Who is a part of a hospice care team?

Answer: It helps people live with the symptoms of long-running things such as cancer, kidney disease or AIDS, or with the side effects of the treatments.


Question: Can you get addicted to opiates for palliative or hospice care?

Answer: Researchers say people who are prescribed opioids during these kinds of cases, and use them as directed, rarely become addicted to them. It's OK to take them instead of suffering.


Question: Will insurance pay for palliative or hospice care?

Answer: So does Medicaid, the federal-state health program for the poor. Most private insurers cover it as well. Palliative care is not as well-covered. Medicare and private insurers cover some medicines, but not others. You may want to check your policy or call your insurance company to find out.


Question: How can tumors lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Cancer or benign tumors can cause severe hearing loss. This includes acoustic neuroma, paraganglioma, and meningioma. People who have one might also have numbness in their face or weakness and ringing in their ear.


Question: What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer: There are three main types of hearing loss: Conductive hearing loss happens because of a problem in the ear canal, eardrum, or the middle ear that prevents sound from carrying well to the inner ear. An ear infection, trauma, a tumor, or fluid or an object in the ear (such as wax buildup) can cause it.


Question: Can illness or infection lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Measles, mumps, syphilis, and meningitis are just a few of the conditions that can cause hearing loss.


Question: How can trauma lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Injuries like a skull fracture or a punctured eardrum can cause severe hearing loss.


Question: How can genes lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Scientists have found genes that make people more prone to severe hearing loss, particularly as they age. Most of the time, newborn screening tests find genetic hearing loss, but it can show up later.


Question: What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer: Sensorineural hearing loss happens most often from damage to the hair cells in the inner ear. Other causes include damage to the nerve for hearing, called the auditory nerve, or the brain. It's usually happens as you get older, but it also can happen because of noise exposure, chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, and your genes.


Question: How can a malformed ear lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Some people are born with poorly formed ears.


Question: How can autoimmune disorders lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, for example, may affect hearing. It's one of the main features of several autoimmune disorders, including Cogan's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Behcet's disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

Answer: Although symptoms can differ, someone with metabolic acidosis will often: Breathe fast Have a fast heartbeat Have a headache Be confused Feel weak Feel tired Have little desire to eat Feel sick to their stomach Throw up Fruity-smelling breath is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If you have these symptoms, call your doctor. You'll probably need to go to the hospital if they're severe.


Question: How does lactic acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis?

Answer: Lactic acidosis. The cells in your body make lactic acid when they don't have a lot of oxygen to use. This acid can build up, too. It might happen when you're exercising intensely. Big drops in blood pressure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and an overwhelming infection can also cause it.


Question: How does renal tubular acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis?

Answer: Healthy kidneys take acids out of your blood and get rid of them in your pee. Kidney diseases as well as some immune system and genetic disorders can damage kidneys so they leave too much acid in your blood.


Question: What are other possible causes of ALS?

Answer: Scientists are also looking at these other possible causes: Glutamate. This chemical sends signals to and from the brain and nerves. It's a type of neurotransmitter. With ALS, glutamate builds up in the spaces around nerve cells and may damage them. The medications riluzole ( Rilutek) works by lowering glutamate levels and can help slow the development of the disease.. Immune system problems. Your immune system protects your body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. In your brain, microglia are the main type of immune cell. They destroy germs and damaged cells. With ALS, microglia might also destroy healthy motor neurons. Mitochondria problems. Mitochondria are the parts of your cells where energy is made. A problem with them might lead to ALS or make an existing case worse. Oxidative stress. Your cells use oxygen to make energy. Some of the oxygen your body uses to make energy may form into toxic substances called free radicals, which can damage cells.


Question: Is there a cure for ALS?

Answer: Yet scientists now know more about this disease than ever before. They are studying treatments in clinical trials.


Question: How can ALS affect how people function?

Answer: People with ALS can still think and learn. They have all of their senses -- sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. Yet the disease can affect their memory and decision-making ability.


Question: What is the outlook for people with ALS?

Answer: The loss of breathing causes many people with ALS to die within 3 to 5 years after they're diagnosed. Yet some people can live more than 10 years with the disease.


Question: What are the main types of ALS?

Answer: There are two types of ALS: Sporadic ALS is the most common form. It affects up to 95% of people with the disease. Sporadic means it happens sometimes without a clear cause. Familial ALS ( FALS) runs in families. About 5% to 10% of people with ALS have this type. FALS is caused by changes to a gene. Parents pass the faulty gene to their children. If one parent has the gene for ALS, each of their children will have a 50% chance of getting the gene and having the disease.


Question: What is sclerodactyly?

Answer: Sclerodactyly - Tightness and thickening of finger or toe skin. It can make it hard to bend your fingers.


Question: What is Raynaud's phenomenon?

Answer: Raynaud's phenomenon -- White or cold skin on the hands and feet when you're cold or stressed. It's caused by blood flow problems.


Question: What causes esophageal dysfunction in CREST syndrome?

Answer: This is caused by scarring in the esophagus, the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach.


Question: What is calcinosis?

Answer: People with this form of the disease have at least two of the symptoms below: Calcinosis -- Painful lumps of calcium in the skin. These can happen on your fingers or other parts of your body.


Question: What is telangiectasias from CREST syndrome?

Answer: Telangiectasias -- Red spots on the hands, palms, forearms, face, and lips. These are caused by widened blood vessels.


Question: What are the types of immunotherapy drugs that are approved for metastatic lung cancer?

Answer: Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) both block a protein called PD-1 that normally keeps your immune system from attacking healthy cells and allows it to seek and destroy cancer cells. In order to get the drug, your tumor must have a substance called PD-1. The drug won't work if it isn't there. Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) and durvalumab ( Imfinzi) target PD- L1. These drugs are used if your cancer cells have certain genetic markers. You take all three of these drugs intravenously (through the veins) every 2 or 3 weeks.


Question: Can you use immunotherapy drugs together if you have lung cancer?

Answer: Immunotherapy Drugs Together Early results hint that combining two checkpoint inhibitors might be more effective than using just one. Doctors are also testing immunotherapy drugs for lung cancer that have been approved to treat other types, like melanoma. One of these drugs, ipilimumab ( Yervoy), is being tested in combination with nivolumab to see if they work better together than chemotherapy alone.


Question: Can you have immunotherapy with chemotherapy if you have lung cancer?

Answer: Immunotherapy With Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for advanced lung cancer. Different types of chemo can be used alone or with one another. Some studies have shown using a mix of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as a first strike against NSCLC to be a good approach. It helps your immune system find and destroy cancer cells.


Question: Can you treat metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

Answer: This advanced form of the disease can also be harder to treat. But new medicines that work your immune system or target substances found on or in cancer cells have emerged in the last few years. Often they're a game changer for people with one type of the disease, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC).


Question: Can you have immunotherapy with radiation if you have lung cancer?

Answer: Immunotherapy With Radiation Right now radiation is used mostly to ease metastatic lung cancer symptoms. Some doctors think that treating lung tumors with radiation first will spark an immune response and help immunotherapy drugs find and kill cancer cells. However, they need to do more research to figure out what types of tumors will respond best to this treatment and what doses to give and how often.


Question: What is targeted therapy for cancer?

Answer: Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which kills the cells, targeted therapy stops them from multiplying. But these drugs usually work only if there are certain changes, which your doctor will call mutations, in your genes.


Question: What targeted therapies treat metastatic lung cancer?

Answer: Targeted Therapies These treatments can be used alone or with chemotherapy to treat lung cancer: Afatinib ( Gilotrif), dacomitinib ( Vizimpro), erlotinib ( Tarceva), gefitinib ( Iressa), necitumumab ( Portrazza), and osimertinib ( Tagrisso) all target a lung cancer cell protein called EGFR. They work if you need treatment in addition to chemotherapy. Bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza) are used with chemotherapy. They stop tumor growth by cutting off the âfoodâ -- nutrients, blood supply, and oxygen -- needed for them to grow. Alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), ceritinib ( Zykadia), crizotinib ( Xalkori), and lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) are used for cancers with a gene rearrangement called ALK.


Question: What herbal remedies can affect birth control pills?

Answer: A number of these don't mix well with birth control pills. Some that you should avoid: St. John's wort. Some people use it to treat mild to moderate depression and sleep disorders. A study shows that women who took birth control pills and St. John's wort at the same time had higher rates of breakthrough bleeding and an increased breakdown of estrogen in their bodies, signs that the contraceptives might not work as well as they should. Other herbal remedies that may affect how well your birth control pills work are: Saw palmetto. Some people have tried it for hair loss. Alfalfa. It's used for kidney, bladder, and prostate problems. Garlic pills. Some people take these for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and other heart and blood diseases. Flaxseed. This is used for digestion problems like severe constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What anti-seizure drugs can affect birth control pills?

Answer: That could make them less effective. These drugs include: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) Felbamate ( Felbatol) Oxcarbazepine ( Trileptal) Phenobarbital ( Luminal) Phenytoin ( Dilantin, Phenytek) Primidone ( Mysoline) Topiramate ( Topamax) Be sure to use another form of birth control (like an IUD, a diaphragm, or a condom) if you take anti-seizure medication. Birth control medication won't interfere with how well your anti-seizure drugs work.


Question: What anti-HIV drugs may interfere with your birth control pills?

Answer: Some meds that treat HIV may interfere with the pill. They include: Darunavir ( Prezista) Efavirenz ( Sustiva) Lopinavir/ritonavir ( Kaletra) Nevirapine ( Viramune) Other HIV drugs may be OK. Talk to your doctor about what medicine is best for you.


Question: Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer: Some conditions may make you more likely to get pituitary tumors, such as: Carney complex (rare genetic disorder that causes many noncancerous tumors) Familial isolated pituitary adenoma, or FIPA (rare condition that makes your body grow larger than normal) Isolated familial acromegaly (similar to FIPA) Mc Cune- Albright syndrome (rare condition of that shows up as abnormalities in your bones and skin) Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I and type IV ( MEN1, MEN4) ( Disorders that can cause tumors in your glands) The pituitary gland is tucked in a small area just below your brain. It's very close to the optic nerves, which carry messages between the brain and eyes.


Question: What causes pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure what causes pituitary tumors. The genes of some pituitary cells change at the start, but the change seems to happen at random.


Question: What's the treatment for pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: You may also get: Eye exams to see if the tumor affects your vision Neurological exam to test how your brain, spinal cord, and nerves are working Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels Imaging to look inside your body for a tumor (usually CT scan, but sometimes MRI) Many tumors don't need treatment. If yours does, how it's treated depends on the kind of tumor, its size, and your overall health. For cancerous tumors, doctors generally use both surgery and radiation.


Question: What genetic conditions can lead to pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: Some conditions may make you more likely to get pituitary tumors, such as: Carney complex (rare genetic disorder that causes many noncancerous tumors) Familial isolated pituitary adenoma, or FIPA (rare condition that makes your body grow larger than normal) Isolated familial acromegaly (similar to FIPA) Mc Cune- Albright syndrome (rare condition of that shows up as abnormalities in your bones and skin) Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I and type IV ( MEN1, MEN4) ( Disorders that can cause tumors in your glands) The pituitary gland is tucked in a small area just below your brain.


Question: What are symptoms of too much growth hormone caused by pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: Too much cortisol can lead to Cushing's syndrome, with symptoms like: Easy bruising High blood pressure High blood sugar Purple or pink stretch marks Very round face Weak muscles Weight gain in the face, neck, and torso, but thin arms and legs Growth hormone manages how you grow and use sugar and fat. Too much may cause: Children to grow much taller than normal, called gigantism Face, hand, and foot bones to grow in adults, called acromegaly Heart problems High blood sugar Joint pain Sweating much more than normal Prolactin causes breast milk to flow in women.


Question: What are conditions caused by large pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: Large tumors put pressure on the area around the pituitary gland and cause: Headaches Problems with eyesight, especially loss of peripheral vision (what you can see off to the side even as you look straight ahead) and double vision They can also press on the pituitary gland, causing it to make fewer hormones.


Question: What are pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: A pituitary gland tumor is a group of abnormal cells that grows out of control in your pituitary gland. Most of these tumors are not cancerous. Pituitary cancer is very rare.


Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?

Answer: These can point your doctor to what might be causing your AFib. Blood tests may check for infection, thyroid and kidney problems, signs of a heart attack, and more.


Question: What happens during an exam for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: But your doctor may also refer you to a: Cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases and conditions Electrophysiologist, a doctor who specializes in arrhythmias First, the doctor will ask detailed questions about your: Symptoms Health habits Health problems Family medical history During the physical exam, he's likely to: Listen to your heartbeat's rate and rhythm Take your pulse and blood pressure Listen to your lungs Check for signs of heart muscle or valve problems Yes.


Question: How is a chest X-ray used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?

Answer: It can't show AFib, but it can show complications, including fluid buildup and an enlarged heart.


Question: What is eczema and who gets it?

Answer: Eczema is the term for a few different skin conditions. But most of the time, it refers to a common skin disease called atopic dermatitis, which causes a dry, itchy, red rash. If you scratch it, it can start to ooze and crust over. Do it over a long period of time, and your skin can get thick and dark. Most people with eczema get it as children. Symptoms often improve by age 5 or 6, and flare-ups stop for more than half of kids by their teenage years. But many people still have the disease as adults, though their symptoms tend to be milder. It's less common to get eczema for the first time as an adult.


Question: How can genes play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Researchers have found that some people with the condition have a gene flaw that causes a lack of a type of protein, called filaggrin, in their skin. It helps form the protective outer layer of our skin and keeps out germs and more. A lack of filaggrin dries out and weakens that skin barrier. This makes skin vulnerable to irritants, like soaps and detergents. It also makes it easier for allergens to get into the body. Scientists believe that that makes people more sensitive to those allergens and even some foods.


Question: How can too many antibodies play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Immunoglobulin E ( Ig E) is a type of antibody that plays a role in the body's allergic response. People with eczema have higher-than-normal levels of it. Researchers are working to understand why people with the skin condition make too much Ig E and what role this may play in the disease.


Question: How can how your body reacts to an allergen play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Some research has found that people with eczema may have a defect in their skin barrier. Small gaps in the skin make it dry out quickly, and let germs and allergens into the body. When allergens enter the skin, they prompt the body to make chemicals that lead to redness and swelling, called inflammation. Research also points to a problem with a type of white blood cell that releases chemicals that help control allergic reactions in the body. This may help explain why people with eczema have outbreaks when they're around allergens.


Question: How will your doctor check aneurysm?

Answer: To figure out if what you're feeling is an aneurysm, your doctor will ask you questions, including whether another member of your family has had one. Then, she'll give you a complete exam, during which she'll: Listen to your heart Check your blood pressure Listen to the arteries in your neck Feel your abdomen for a mass If your doctor thinks you have an aneurysm in your aorta, the main artery in your body, you may get an ultrasound test so she can see if there is one.


Question: What if surgery can't repair an aneurysm?

Answer: For inoperable aneurysms, you may be prescribed drugs to lower your blood pressure or ease the force of your heart's beating. Your chance of it bursting will go down.


Question: How can you prevent aneurysm?

Answer: The most important thing you can do to prevent aneurysms is to control your blood pressure. If you have a family history of stroke or heart disease, make changes in your diet and lifestyle to improve your health. Exercise regularly. Watch what you eat. If you smoke, stop.


Question: What are the first drugs commonly used to treat children with ADHD and how do they work?

Answer: The first drugs doctors commonly used to treat children with ADHD are stimulant medicines such as: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant, Ritalin) It is thought that these medicines improve ADHD symptoms by making more of the chemical dopamine available to the brain. Dopamine is found in areas of the brain that control mood and attention.


Question: Which nonstimulants are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children?

Answer: Doctors may also consider prescribing a nonstimulant drug such as atomoxetine ( Strattera), clonidine ( Kapvay), or guanfacine ( Intuniv). They mainly affect a different chemical, norepinephrine, which is also involved in attention, mood, and impulse control. Other ADHD drugs include: Armodafinil ( Nuvigil). A drug that promotes wakefulness and can improve attention, but carries a potential risk for serious skin rashes in children. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin). An antidepressant that may help attention. Clonidine ( Kapvay). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Guanfacine ( Intuniv). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Venlafaxine ( Effexor). An antidepressant that has been shown to improve attention in small studies.


Question: What are the side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: They can depend on the medication your child is prescribed. Stimulant medications are the ones most often prescribed. Common side effects of these can include: Less appetite Weight loss Trouble sleeping Stomachache Headache Dizziness Personality changes (seems sad, too quiet, or zombie-like or irritable) Always call your child's doctor right away if you're concerned or worried about side effects.


Question: What are other attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs are used for treatment?

Answer: Other ADHD drugs include: Armodafinil ( Nuvigil). A drug that promotes wakefulness and can improve attention, but carries a potential risk for serious skin rashes in children. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin). An antidepressant that may help attention. Clonidine ( Kapvay). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Guanfacine ( Intuniv). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Venlafaxine ( Effexor). An antidepressant that has been shown to improve attention in small studies. Each of these drugs can have side effects. Some of these can take up to 6 weeks to start working.


Question: How can monitoring your child help with titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: ADHD medications affect every child differently. That's why it's important to watch your child for improvements and side effects during titration.


Question: What are the rare side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Heart problems, liver problems, hallucinations (like seeing small bugs, hearing things, becoming suspicious, or having strange feelings on their skin), agitation, and suicidal thoughts can happen, rarely, with some ADHD medications.


Question: When should you call your doctor about the side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Common side effects of these can include: Less appetite Weight loss Trouble sleeping Stomachache Headache Dizziness Personality changes (seems sad, too quiet, or zombie-like or irritable) Always call your child's doctor right away if you're concerned or worried about side effects. One example could be that your child develops tics. These can be small repetitive body motions like blinking or grimacing. Call especially if a side effect is getting worse. Do this instead of trying to take them off a medication yourself. If you stop medications suddenly, it can have dangerous side effects. Your child's doctor can usually fix side effects. She can lower the dose, change the times they are taken, or even switch medicines.


Question: How can taking notes help with titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: After your child has been taking the ADHD medicine for at least 1 week, you and your child's teachers should track ADHD symptoms. Your doctor may even give you special forms, called rating scales, to help with this. You and the teachers should be alert for and report any side effects that happen during treatment.


Question: How long does it take to find the right dosage balance for ADHD medication?

Answer: It can take time to find the right balance -- sometimes many weeks. But it is worth it. The doctor will usually tell you to give your child slightly more medicine every 1 to 3 weeks. They will continue this until your child's ADHD symptoms are controlled or they get side effects. ADHD medication dosages should always be planned just for the needs of your child. There's no blanket treatment plan that works for everyone with ADHD.


Question: How does medication titration for ADHD work?

Answer: The doctor will start your child on a low dose of medicine. He will need to be on each medication dose for about a week. That will give you and your doctor a good idea of whether it's working. If your child starts feeling side effects, it can help you figure out how bad they might be. Some side effects slowly get better over time.


Question: How often should I visit my doctor if an ADHD medication titration is going well?

Answer: If there aren't any problems after a month of treatment, see your child's doctor again. At that time, the doctor can make sure that: The medicine is working. The dosage is correct. The side effects are acceptable to you and your child. Once the proper dosage is found, experts recommend visiting the doctor regularly -- about every three months. The doctor will check whether your child's medication plan is still right and works.


Question: Does ADHD medication work?

Answer: Medication is an important part of the overall treatment plan for children with ADHD. Doctors often prescribe stimulant medications or other drugs to control ADHD symptoms like: Hyperactivity Impulsivity Inattention When on a proper dose, you may begin to see some of these get better.


Question: What are some breakfast ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For breakfast: Fruit, non-sugary cereal, oatmeal, and low-fat yogurt are among the good choices for breakfast foods. Use skim or 1% milk rather than whole or 2% milk (after age 2, or as recommended by your doctor).


Question: What are some lunch and dinner ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For lunch and dinner: Bake or grill foods instead of frying them. Use whole-grain breads and rolls to make a healthier sandwich. Also, give your child whole-grain crackers with soups, chili, and stew. Prepare pasta, beans, rice, fish, skinless poultry, or other dishes. Always serve fresh fruit (with the skin) with meals.


Question: What are some snack ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For snacks: Fruits, vegetables, breads, and cereals make great snacks for children. Children should avoid soda, juice and fruit drinks.


Question: What causes high cholesterol in children?

Answer: Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol.


Question: How does tailored medicine begin?

Answer: The field is still in its early stages, but doctors already use it for: Certain forms of cancer, including lung, breast, and colon cancer Rare childhood illnesses HIV and AIDS Cystic fibrosis Pharmacogenomics, or prescribing medication based on your genes Most of the time, tailored medicine begins with a genetic test. This may involve a blood or saliva sample, or in the case of cancer, a biopsy of your tumor. Your doctor will also talk to you about your health history, your condition, and your possible treatments.


Question: Is tailored medicine right for you?

Answer: Tailored medicine is mostly used for people with advanced-stage cancers or conditions where there are few or no treatments, like rare childhood illnesses. If you think tailored medicine might work for you, talk to your doctor about it. You can ask, â Would getting a genetic test help guide my choice of treatment?â It's also a good idea to discuss genetic testing if you have things that raise your chances of certain health conditions, like a family history of it. If your genes show your odds are higher than average, your doctor may suggest ways to make it less likely that you'll get that disease. If your doctor says tailored medicine or targeted treatment isn't for you, standard medicines and treatments, like traditional chemotherapy for cancer, still work. And if one treatment doesn't help, your medical team will keep working with you to find others. Keep in mind that tailored medicine is still in its early stages. Medical centers and universities around the country are working to come up with new information that will help doctors pair the right patients with the right medications.


Question: What are controllable risk factors for stroke?

Answer: Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Being overweight Existing carotid and/or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (65 and over) Gender ( Men have more strokes, women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control risk factors.


Question: Can you prevent strokes?

Answer: Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Being overweight Existing carotid and/or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (65 and over) Gender ( Men have more strokes, women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control risk factors.


Question: What are the common symptoms of adrenal cancer?

Answer: But you may be at a higher risk if you have one of these genetic diseases: Li- Fraumeni syndrome Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome Carney complex Multiple endocrine neoplasia Familial adenomatous polyposis Lynch syndrome If your adrenal tumor grows large, it can press against other organs. You may feel a pain in your stomach or back. Or you could feel pressure or fullness soon after you eat. You may even notice a lump. On the other hand, if your tumor is small, you might not feel like anything's wrong. Your tumor can change your levels of some hormones, which sets off a variety of symptoms. For instance, high levels of male hormones, called androgens, can cause too much face or body hair to grow. They can also enlarge the penis in young boys or the clitoris in girls.


Question: How can you check if you have adrenal cancer?

Answer: If you have any symptoms -- or have a genetic disease that puts you at risk for adrenal cancer -- your doctor can order tests to check for a tumor. These exams can also show the stage of your cancer, and if it's spread to other organs.


Question: Why does testicular cancer happen?

Answer: But they have been able to find some links to other conditions. There is one thing they do know: Testicular cancer is among the most treatable, even in an advanced stage. It is rarely life-threatening. Even if it has spread to nearby organs, you have an excellent chance of long-term survival.


Question: How is HIV infection linked to testicular cancer?

Answer: HIV infection: The virus that causes AIDS has been linked with it.


Question: Can cryptorchidism cause testicular cancer?

Answer: They include: Undescended testicle: Testicular cancer happens more often in men who were born with a condition called cryptorchidism. Early in a pregnancy, the testes form in the male baby's lower belly. Not too long before birth, they should âdropâ down into the scrotum. But for about 3 or 4 out of 100 newborns, this doesn't happen. And that rate goes much higher if the baby is born early.


Question: Am I at a higher risk for testicular cancer if I am infertile?

Answer: Fertility problems: If you have trouble making a woman pregnant, you are more likely to be diagnosed with testicular cancer. You should ask your doctor to screen you.


Question: How are issues before birth linked to testicular cancer?

Answer: Issues before birth: Conditions related to your mother's pregnancy could play a role as well. They include abnormal bleeding and estrogen, or hormone, therapy.


Question: Could issues before birth put me at risk for testicular cancer?

Answer: Issues before birth: Conditions related to your mother's pregnancy could play a role as well. They include abnormal bleeding and estrogen, or hormone, therapy. If you find a lump in your testicle, go to a doctor so he can check it.


Question: How is a previous diagnosis related to testicular cancer?

Answer: Previous diagnosis: If you've already been cured of cancer in one testicle, you have a 4% chance of getting it again in the other one.


Question: How are fertility problems linked to testicular cancer?

Answer: Fertility problems: If you have trouble making a woman pregnant, you are more likely to be diagnosed with testicular cancer. You should ask your doctor to screen you.


Question: Am I at a higher risk for testicular cancer if I have HIV?

Answer: HIV infection: The virus that causes AIDS has been linked with it.


Question: What is testicular cancer?

Answer: Men have two testicles, sometimes called testes. They are one of many glands in the body. Their job is to make male hormones and sperm. They hang beneath and behind a man's penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Each testicle is connected to what's called the spermatic cord. It's made up of a sperm duct, nerves, and blood vessels. Testicular cancer may spread slowly or quickly. It can go to nearby lymph nodes, the lungs, the liver, bones, and possibly the brain.


Question: How is family history related to testicular cancer?

Answer: Family history: It may also run through the generations, from parent to child. Men with the genetic disorder Down syndrome have a higher chance of getting it.


Question: What causes testicular cancer?

Answer: But they have been able to find some links to other conditions.


Question: Can I get testicular cancer again if I have had it before?

Answer: Previous diagnosis: If you've already been cured of cancer in one testicle, you have a 4% chance of getting it again in the other one.


Question: Where does testicular cancer occur?

Answer: Men have two testicles, sometimes called testes. They are one of many glands in the body. Their job is to make male hormones and sperm. They hang beneath and behind a man's penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Each testicle is connected to what's called the spermatic cord. It's made up of a sperm duct, nerves, and blood vessels. Testicular cancer may spread slowly or quickly. It can go to nearby lymph nodes, the lungs, the liver, bones, and possibly the brain.


Question: Does the Protein Power diet work?

Answer: The Final Word It's a simple dieting approach that essentially eliminates one major food group, and, like any restrictive diet, it is difficult for most people to sustain for a long time, . This diet will help you lose weight, but if you have a specific nutritional need this may not be the diet for you. You may need to take a daily supplement to cover any nutritional gaps in vitamins and minerals.


Question: How well does the Protein Power diet work?

Answer: A high-protein diet will help you lose weight. A number of studies show that diets higher in protein keep you fuller better than other types of diets. Other studies show that restricting carbs, as a result of a high-protein diet, causes more weight loss. But calories still count!


Question: Are proteins important when eating healthy for weight loss?

Answer: Proteins help repair and maintain your body, including muscle. You can get protein in all types of food. Good sources include fish, meat, poultry, eggs, cheese, nuts, beans, and other legumes.


Question: What minerals are important when eating healthy for weight loss?

Answer: Minerals, like vitamins, must come from the diet. Your body needs them, but it can't make them. You need more of some minerals (such as calcium, potassium, and iron) than others. For instance, you need only small amounts of the minerals zinc, selenium, and copper.


Question: How many calories should I eat per day when eating healthy for weight loss?

Answer: A dietitian can help you figure that out. Don't cut your calories too much, or your diet is going to be hard to stick with and may not give you the nutrients your body needs.


Question: How does the eye exam change for my older child?

Answer: If your child is a bit older, she may be asked to identify pictures such as a plane, a house, a duck, or a hand. Correcting poor visual acuity is very important in a child's sight development.


Question: How can stress make skin problems worse?

Answer: For example, stress can aggravate psoriasis, rosacea, and eczema. It can also cause hives and other types of skin rashes and trigger a flare-up of fever blisters.


Question: How can stress affect your body?

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Question: What are some ways to ease the effects of stress on your skin?

Answer: Try these approaches: Don't neglect your skin. Take care of it, even if you're tired or stressed. Get regular exercise. It's good for your skin and the rest of your body. Take time for yourself to do something you enjoy, even if you only have 10 minutes. Take a bath or read a book. Take a walk around the block. Practice stress management techniques, such as breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or visual imagery. Get enough sleep. Seven to 8 hours each night is ideal. Say no. It's OK to set limits and boundaries to lower your stress. Talk to someone. Seek support from a friend or a professional therapist.


Question: How does stress affect your skin?

Answer: Stress causes a chemical response in your body that makes skin more sensitive and reactive. It can also make it harder for skin problems to heal. Have you ever noticed that you break out more when you're stressed? This is because stress causes your body to make hormones like cortisol, which tells glands in your skin to make more oil. Oily skin is more prone to acne and other skin problems.


Question: How long does a spinal x-ray last?

Answer: An X-ray takes about 5 minutes to complete. But you may in the room for longer, depending on how many images and views your doctor needs. When your X-ray session is done, the technician will process the images. He may ask you to wait a few minutes to make sure the pictures are clear.


Question: Should I get tested for HPV?

Answer: If you're healthy, doctors don't routinely test for HPV. For women, the Pap test doesn't check for HPV. It looks for changes in cells in your cervix. If you have certain changes in those cells, your doctor may ask the lab to check for the virus. If you're over age 30 and your pap is normal, your doctor may still test you for HPV. This is called âco-testing.â If you have HPV and abnormal cervical cells, your doctor might order more tests right away. If you have HPV but your Pap results are normal, you may also need to get checked again in a year.


Question: What can help with the anxiety and sadness that can come with alopecia areata?

Answer: Support groups are out there to help you deal with the psychological effects of the condition. Remember, even if you lose all your hair, it could grow back. And if it doesn't, there are all kinds of great options if want to cover your hair loss. If you notice sudden hair loss, always check with a doctor. There can be a lot of other reasons for it besides alopecia areata.


Question: Which type of doctor treats  alopecia areata?

Answer: If you think you do have alopocia areata, you may want to see a dermatologist.


Question: How is eczema diagnosed and treated?

Answer: There are no blood or lab tests to diagnose eczema. Your doctor will look at your skin and assess your symptoms to figure out the severity of your eczema, and decide on treatment. Each different type of eczema can range in severity from mild to severe. Don't be surprised if your doctor thinks your eczema is less severe than you believe it is. One study found that 40% of patients rated their eczema as severe while just 18% of doctors gave it the same rating.