Question: What medications are used to treat panic attacks?

Answer: She might prescribe: An antidepressant, which is generally the first choice to prevent future panic attacks. An anti-anxiety prescription drug such as a benzodiazepine. For people with substance use disorders, doctors may prescribe other medications. Medicine to even out an irregular heartbeat, if you have one. You and your doctor may have to try more than one medication before finding what works best. Some people do best with more than one type.


Question: What are the treatments for panic attacks?

Answer: Doctors generally treat panic attacks by setting people up with psychological therapy, medication, or both. Whichever route you and your doctor take, it will need time to work, so try to be patient. When people follow through with their treatment plan, the overwhelming majority of them find relief and have no permanent problems.


Question: How can counseling help with panic attacks?

Answer: The treatment may begin with âtalk therapy.â You'll sit down with a counselor who can help you understand what panic disorder is and how you can manage it. As your treatment continues, therapy should help you figure out the situations, thoughts, or feelings that cause your attacks. Once you understand what's happening, those triggers have less power to cause trouble. Counseling should also show you that the attacks' physical effects don't actually hurt you. With your therapist, you'll work through your symptoms in a safe, gradual way until they seem less scary. That also can help make the attacks go away. You'll also learn relaxation techniques that can help you handle attacks when they do happen. If you can control your breathing, for instance, that may make a panic attack less severe. It might also make the next one less likely. You have to practice these skills regularly in your daily life to get the benefit.


Question: What dietary supplements can help with panic attacks?

Answer: As for dietary supplements, there's not enough research showing that they work to reduce panic attacks. One, called inositol, showed some promise in small studies, but it's too soon to know how well it works. Be sure to check with your doctor before trying any supplements, because they could have side effects or conflict with medication.


Question: How can getting support help with panic attacks?

Answer: While you're working to get better, it helps to have people around you to help. If you join a support group, you could draw strength and encouragement from others who face the same challenges. Your loved ones can pitch in, too. Health professionals more and more recommend treatment programs that include spouses, partners, or families. For instance, the people around you can help you practice relaxation techniques or other skills.


Question: How should you lift objects to prevent back pain?

Answer: When you have to lift heavy objects, don't bend at the waist. Squat with your legs and keep your back upright as you grasp the object and stand upright again. Let your legs do the lifting, not your back.


Question: Does posture affect back pain?

Answer: First, analyze your posture by standing with your heels against a wall. Your calves, buttocks, shoulders, and the back of your head should touch the wall. You should be able to slip your hand behind the small of your back. Now step forward and stand normally. If your posture changes, correct it right away. If you stand for long periods at work, wear flat shoes with good arch support and get a box or step about 6 inches high to rest one foot on from time to time.


Question: How can you strengthen your back to prevent back pain?

Answer: Finally, ask your doctor or health club trainer about back-strengthening exercises. You might also check with your local YMCA or hospital for back-strengthening classes. These stretching and strengthening exercises can help chronic back pain and prevent future episodes. Also, some forms of yoga and tai chi may help you learn proper posture and improve strength, balance, and flexibility.


Question: Can my lifestyle help prevent back pain?

Answer: Excess weight puts a strain on the back, so maintaining a healthy weight is important. Regular exercise, especially core work, keeps the abdominal and back muscles firm. Smoking ages the spine, so avoid smoking and inhaling secondhand smoke. Practicing good posture is another way to help prevent back pain.


Question: When you're pregnant, should you call your doctor if you're worried about a symptom but you're not sure it's serious?

Answer: If there is a problem, you will get prompt attention. If there isn't, you will be reassured.


Question: When should you call your doctor right away during pregnancy?

Answer: Call your health care provider right away if you have: Unusual or severe cramping or abdominal pain Changes in your baby's movement after 28 weeks gestation (if there are less than 10 movements in 2 hours) that you notice while sitting still or lying down Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath that seems to be getting worse Signs of premature labor including: -- Regular tightening or pain in the lower abdomen or back -- Any bleeding in the second or third trimester (which may be normal after a vaginal exam or intercourse) -- Fluid leak -- Severe pressure in the pelvis or vagina ( Pressure is normal in 2nd and 3rd trimesters.) Also call your health care provider if you have any of the following conditions during pregnancy: A fever over 100 ° Fahrenheit Severe or persistent vomiting Severe diarrhea Fainting spells or dizziness Pain, burning, or trouble urinating Unusual vaginal discharge Repeated vaginal bleeding Swelling in your hands, fingers, or face Blurred vision or spots before your eyes Sore, cracked, or bleeding nipples Severe headaches Pain or cramping in your arms, legs, or chest If you aren't sure if a symptom is serious, but you just don't feel like yourself, trust your instincts and call your provider.


Question: What are some conditions you should call your doctor about while you're pregnant?

Answer: Also call your health care provider if you have any of the following conditions during pregnancy: A fever over 100 ° Fahrenheit Severe or persistent vomiting Severe diarrhea Fainting spells or dizziness Pain, burning, or trouble urinating Unusual vaginal discharge Repeated vaginal bleeding Swelling in your hands, fingers, or face Blurred vision or spots before your eyes Sore, cracked, or bleeding nipples Severe headaches Pain or cramping in your arms, legs, or chest If you aren't sure if a symptom is serious, but you just don't feel like yourself, trust your instincts and call your provider.


Question: When is endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) used?

Answer: Endoscopic ultrasound may be used to: Evaluate stages of cancer. Evaluate chronic pancreatitis or other disorders of the pancreas. Study abnormalities or tumors in organs, including the gallbladder and liver. Study the muscles of the lower rectum and anal canal to determine reasons forfecalincontinence(accidental bowel leakage). Study nodules (bumps) in the intestinal wall.


Question: How safe is a breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Answer: A breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a test that is sometimes performed along with a screening mammogram in women with at least a 20% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. It is often done in women who have already been diagnosed with breast cancer to measure size and extent of the breast cancer.


Question: How long is the breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted nerve stimulators (" TENS") for back pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods Severe lung disease Uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux (a condition causing severe heartburn) A tissue expander with magnetic port after mastectomy In addition, tell your doctor if you: Are pregnant Weigh more than 300 pounds Are not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Have claustrophobia (fear of closed or narrow spaces) Allow 1 1/2 hours for your breast MRI exam. In most cases, the procedure takes 45 to 60 minutes, during which time several dozen images are obtained.


Question: What happens during a breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Answer: You will be asked to wear a hospital gown during your breast MRI. As the MRI scan begins, you will hear the equipment making a muffled thumping sound that will last for several minutes. Other than the sound, you should experience no unusual sensations during the scanning. Certain MRI exams require that you receive an injection of a contrast material known as gadolinium.


Question: What happens before a breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Answer: Hearing aids should be removed before the test, because they can be damaged by the magnetic field.


Question: What is TORCH syndrome?

Answer: TORCH syndrome may sound like a single illness, but actually it stands for a group of infectious diseases that can cause problems -- some serious -- for your unborn baby: Toxoplasmosis Other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth disease) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex If you get one of the TORCH infections while you're pregnant, and it spreads through your blood to your baby, he can get it, too.


Question: Can herpes simplex spread to a baby?

Answer: This is rare. You could have a genital outbreak during delivery. This is the most common way babies are infected. He can also get herpes while he is a newborn.


Question: Can HIV spread to a baby before birth?

Answer: Almost all U. S. children under age 13 who have HIV got it from their mothers during pregnancy. If you are HIV-positive, tests might not show that your baby has it at birth, but it can show up later, even after he is 6 months old. He might have symptoms like delayed growth, pneumonia, or swollen lymph nodes and abdomen. If you have HIV and are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, anti-retroviral medications can help lower your chances of passing the virus on to your baby.


Question: What lesionectomy surgery for epilepsy?

Answer: This surgery removes brain lesions -- areas of injury or defect like a tumor or malformed blood vessel -- that cause seizures. Seizures usually stop once the lesion is removed.


Question: What are the effects of too much magnesium from supplements?

Answer: Too much magnesium from supplements can bring side effects including: Nausea Cramping Diarrhea Magnesium supplements can also interfere with some antibiotics.


Question: How is riboflavin related to migraine?

Answer: Riboflavin plays a key role in metabolism, the process by which our bodies make energy. Research has shown that people with migraines may have a glitch in that process. That glitch could be responsible for the headaches.


Question: Is riboflavin safe?

Answer: Riboflavin is considered most likely safe for most people, but it can turn your urine an orange color.


Question: What is feverfew and what does it treat?

Answer: This plant, which looks like a daisy, has a long history in treating -- you guessed it -- fevers, as well as aches and pains due to inflammation.


Question: What are the side effects of riboflavin for migraines?

Answer: Riboflavin is considered most likely safe for most people, but it can turn your urine an orange color.


Question: What is the relationship between chronic migraines and melatonin levels?

Answer: Some research shows that those with chronic migraines have very low levels of melatonin. One study compared melatonin to amitriptyline (a medicine used in migraine prevention) and to a placebo. The results of that study showed that melatonin was better than a placebo in preventing migraines. It also had fewer side effects than amitriptyline and was just as effective.


Question: Is riboflavin found in daily vitamin pills?

Answer: It's found naturally in foods like: Meat Eggs Milk Green veggies Nuts Enriched flour And like many of the other B vitamins, it's also found in daily vitamin pills.


Question: How much feverfew should I take to treat migraines?

Answer: If you want to try it, start at a low dose of about 50 milligrams a day. It may take a few months to see any results.


Question: Can feverfew treat migraines?

Answer: Research shows that feverfew may treat and prevent migraines.


Question: How is magnesium levels related to migraines?

Answer: It seems that people with migraines have lower levels of magnesium than the rest of us. Magnesium is naturally found in foods like spinach, nuts, and whole grains. It helps control blood pressure and blood sugar, and your muscles and nerves need it to work properly.


Question: Should I discuss natural treatments for migraines with my doctor?

Answer: Remember, âall naturalâ doesn't necessarily mean safe. Any supplement you take should be discussed with your doctor.


Question: Are there any side effects from coenzyme Q10?

Answer: Co Q10 doesn't have many major side effects, though you could get an upset stomach or nausea. Doses higher than 300 milligrams daily may affect your liver. And if you take the anticoagulant warfarin, co Q10 may make it less effective.


Question: How can melatonin help with migraines?

Answer: Melatonin, a natural hormone, is similar to indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat aches, pains, and migraines. Some research shows that those with chronic migraines have very low levels of melatonin. One study compared melatonin to amitriptyline (a medicine used in migraine prevention) and to a placebo. The results of that study showed that melatonin was better than a placebo in preventing migraines. It also had fewer side effects than amitriptyline and was just as effective.


Question: How can feverfew help with migraines?

Answer: This plant, which looks like a daisy, has a long history in treating -- you guessed it -- fevers, as well as aches and pains due to inflammation. Research shows that feverfew may treat and prevent migraines. But most results have been mixed. None of the studies showed that feverfew caused any serious side effects.


Question: Is melatonin used to treat migraines?

Answer: Melatonin, a natural hormone, is similar to indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat aches, pains, and migraines.


Question: Does feverfew cause any side effects in treating migraines?

Answer: None of the studies showed that feverfew caused any serious side effects.


Question: Can sitting too close to the TV damage your vision?

Answer: Fiction: Sitting closer than necessary to the television may give you a headache, but it will not damage your vision. Children, especially if they're nearsighted, may do this to see the TV more clearly. They may, in fact, need glasses.


Question: Can reading in the dark make your eyesight weaker?

Answer: Fiction: As with sitting too close to the television, you may feel eyestrain or get a headache from reading in the dark, but it will not weaken your eyes.


Question: Will looking directly into the sun damage my eyes?

Answer: Fact: Looking at the sun may not only cause a headache and distort your vision temporarily, but it can also cause permanent damage to your retina -- the back of your eye. Any exposure to sunlight adds to the cumulative effects of ultraviolet radiation on your eyes. UV exposure has been linked to eye disorders such as macular degeneration, solar retinitis, cataracts, pterygia, and corneal dystrophies. The most dangerous time for sun gazing is midday and during a solar eclipse. The brightness of the sun is hidden; but the dangerous invisible rays that permanently burn your eyes are not reduced.


Question: Does looking straight in the sun damage your sight?

Answer: Fact: Looking at the sun may not only cause a headache and distort your vision temporarily, but it can also cause permanent damage to your retina -- the back of your eye. Any exposure to sunlight adds to the cumulative effects of ultraviolet radiation on your eyes. UV exposure has been linked to eye disorders such as macular degeneration, solar retinitis, cataracts, pterygia, and corneal dystrophies. The most dangerous time for sun gazing is midday and during a solar eclipse. The brightness of the sun is hidden; but the dangerous invisible rays that permanently burn your eyes are not reduced.


Question: Will reading in the dark hurt my vision?

Answer: Fiction: As with sitting too close to the television, you may feel eyestrain or get a headache from reading in the dark, but it will not weaken your eyes.


Question: Will sitting too close to the TV hurt my eyes?

Answer: Fiction: Sitting closer than necessary to the television may give you a headache, but it will not damage your vision. Children, especially if they're nearsighted, may do this to see the TV more clearly. They may, in fact, need glasses.


Question: Will using artificial sweeteners make my eyes more sensitive to light?

Answer: Fact: If you use artificial sweeteners, like cyclamates, your eyes may be more sensitive to light. There are other factors that will make your eyes more sensitive to light as well. They include antibiotics, oral contraceptives, high blood pressure drugs, diuretics, and diabetic medications.


Question: Does using glasses or contacts weaken your eyesight?

Answer: Fiction: Your eyes will not grow weaker as a result of using corrective lenses. Your prescription may change over time due to aging or the presence of disease, but it is not because of your current prescription.


Question: Does using a nightlight in your child's room cause nearsightedness?

Answer: Fiction: It has been thought that using a nightlight in your child's bedroom may contribute to nearsightedness, however there is not enough evidence to support this claim. Keeping a nightlight on in your baby's room may actually help him or her learn to focus and develop important eye coordination skills when they are awake.


Question: Can eating carrots really improve your vision?

Answer: Fact: Carrots are high in vitamin A, a nutrient essential for good vision. Eating carrots will provide you with the small amount of vitamin A needed for good vision, but vitamin A isn't limited to rabbit food; it can also be found in milk, cheese, egg yolk, and liver.


Question: Is there nothing you can do to prevent vision loss?

Answer: Fiction: At the very first sign of symptoms, such as blurred vision, eye pain, flashes of light, or sudden onset of floaters in your vision, you should see your doctor. If detected early enough, depending on the cause, there are treatments that can correct, stop, or at least slow down the loss of vision.


Question: Does using artificial sweeteners make your eyes more sensitive to light?

Answer: Fact: If you use artificial sweeteners, like cyclamates, your eyes may be more sensitive to light. There are other factors that will make your eyes more sensitive to light as well. They include antibiotics, oral contraceptives, high blood pressure drugs, diuretics, and diabetic medications.


Question: What are the symptoms of pancreatitis in dogs?

Answer: Often, a dog: Loses appetite Vomits Has belly pain Other symptoms are: A fever or low body temperature Diarrhea No energy A hard time breathing Dehydration Irregular heartbeat If your dog has some of these problems for more than a day, or if these symptoms keep coming back, take him to the vet.


Question: How is the cause of pancreatitis in dogs found?

Answer: If your vet can figure out what caused the pancreatitis, he'll try to deal with that first. For instance, if it was a reaction to a drug, he may take him off it. If it's related to diet, he may put him on prescription food. Sometimes it's hard to tell what causes it, and there's no clear treatment to fight it. The focus instead becomes keeping the dog as comfortable as possible until the attack passes.


Question: How do clinical trials that use "personalized" medicine work?

Answer: Standard trials to test cancer treatments use people whose tumors are similar in size or location. They might choose only people with stage IV lung cancer, for instance. But now that there's personalized medicine, researchers need new ways to study how targeted treatments work on a variety of cancers. Basket trials combine folks with many different cancer types into a single âbasketâ and use a precision medicine approach to find treatments that work. So a single trial could include people on many different drugs.


Question: What's involved in the process of creating personalized cancer treatments?

Answer: Standard trials to test cancer treatments use people whose tumors are similar in size or location. They might choose only people with stage IV lung cancer, for instance. But now that there's personalized medicine, researchers need new ways to study how targeted treatments work on a variety of cancers. Basket trials combine folks with many different cancer types into a single âbasketâ and use a precision medicine approach to find treatments that work. So a single trial could include people on many different drugs.


Question: What role do genes play in personal medicine for cancer?

Answer: For years, cancer treatment was a cookie-cutter process. You'd have surgery to remove a tumor, then chemotherapy or radiation to kill cancer cells. But blasting cancers with chemotherapy or radiation kills healthy cells as well, which can lead to a host of nasty side effects. Now, researchers can examine your cancer cells and learn the order of the genes in their DNA. While most cells in your body have identical genes, the ones in cancer cells have mutations, or changes. This is what allows them to grow into tumors. What's more, your cancer may have different genetic changes than someone else's. Scientists also now know that genetically, one person's breast cancer may be more similar to another person's stomach tumor than to other breast cancers. This makes the need for personalized medicine even greater.


Question: How can a social worker help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: This professional isn't a doctor but someone who helps take care of any concerns you may have while you're living with HIV. She can offer support and teach you ways to handle issues. Social workers are sometimes called "patient navigators."


Question: What is an interdisciplinary care team for someone with HIV?

Answer: Many different medical professionals provide care, comfort, and treatment for people with HIV. They offer services that range from primary health care to information about the disease and about nutrition. This is known as an "interdisciplinary care team." The specific providers you need will depend on your overall health and preferences. For help finding HIV/ AIDS services, visit AIDS.gov.


Question: How can an infectious disease specialist help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: This doctor is trained to diagnose and manage infections like HIV. An infectious disease expert also can watch for other infections that are more likely to develop if you have HIV, including hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and certain types of pneumonia. You might choose this specialist as your HIV care team leader, or your primary care doctor may refer you to him.


Question: What does a case manager do if you have HIV?

Answer: This person helps you find and coordinate many of the needs that often come with a complicated disease. For example, your case manager may help you apply for insurance benefits or get housing, or find mental health or substance abuse services. Your case manager also will follow up to make sure you receive the service you need. You don't have to have a case manager. But research shows that people with HIV who use one are more likely to visit their doctor at least once every 6 months.


Question: What are the symptoms of an infected venous skin ulcer?

Answer: If that happens, you might notice: A redness or swelling of the surrounding skin Worsening pain A fever Pus If you have a wound that isn't healing or you think is infected, you should see your doctor.


Question: What can raise your chances of getting venous skin ulcer?

Answer: They're more common in older people, particularly women. You also may have a chance of getting one if you: Have previous leg injuries Have varicose veins Smoke Are obese Have had other circulation problems such as blood clots or phlebitis, a painful swelling of the veins A venous ulcer often feels itchy or burns, and the leg around it may be swollen.


Question: What are the symptoms of a venous skin ulcer?

Answer: You also may have a chance of getting one if you: Have previous leg injuries Have varicose veins Smoke Are obese Have had other circulation problems such as blood clots or phlebitis, a painful swelling of the veins A venous ulcer often feels itchy or burns, and the leg around it may be swollen. Other signs may include: A rash or dry skin Brownish discoloration A foul-smelling fluid oozing from the sore An ulcer can also become infected.


Question: How should you take care of your skin and feet if you have diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: Your skin may be dry and cracked because of high glucose levels, and cracked skin means it's easier for bacteria to get under your skin and harder for infections to heal. Use a small amount of skin lotion daily, but be sure your feet feel dry, not damp or sticky, afterward. Try not to get the lotion in between your toes. Keep your toenails trimmed and filed smooth to avoid ingrown toenails. You may find it easier to trim your nails after using lotion, when your cuticles are softer. Use a pumice stone after showering or bathing to softly file corns or calluses.


Question: How should you check your feet if you have diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: Look over both feet carefully every day, and be sure you check between all of your toes. Blisters and infections can start between your toes, and with diabetic neuropathy, you may not feel them until they've become irritated or infected. If a physical challenge keeps you from checking your own feet, ask a family member to help.


Question: What are approved hyaluronic acid injections for osteoarthritis?

Answer: Among the brands of hyaluronic acid are approved for knee OA: Euflexxa Hyalgan Orthovisc Monovisc Supartz Synvisc, Synvisc- One Depending on which type your doctor uses, you may get a single shot. Or you'll get three to five injections spaced a week apart.


Question: How do hyaluronic acid injections for osteoarthritis work?

Answer: If your knee is swollen with excess fluid, your doctor may inject a local painkiller, then insert a needle into the joint to withdraw excess fluid. With the same needle still in place, the doctor can usually inject the hyaluronic acid into the knee joint. After an injection, you shouldn't do hard weight-bearing activity for one or two days. Otherwise, you should be able to resume normal activities. Most insurance companies cover hyaluronic acid injections.


Question: How does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect someone's sex life?

Answer: RA can sometimes make it tough to have a good sex life. On top of that, menopause can increase vaginal dryness, making sex painful. Many women with RA also have SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, an immune system condition that attacks moisture-producing glands in the body. It can cause vaginal dryness and make sex painful. Talk to your doctor about lubricants that may help.


Question: Does exercise help you feel better if you have rheumatoid arthritis during menopause?

Answer: Exercise is a simple thing that helps most women with RA feel better, including women who are going through or have been through menopause. It gives you more energy and joint flexibility, eases depression, and fights heart disease. It curbs the weight gain and insomnia that often come with menopause. Weight-bearing exercise helps protect against osteoporosis. Your doctor or a physical therapist can work with you to create a fun, safe exercise program.


Question: Why do hormones play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Some with rheumatoid arthritis find that menopause can affect their RA. Researchers aren't sure why, but hormones seem to play a role in RA. Nearly three times as many women get the disease as men. Many women who have it see their symptoms improve while they're pregnant. This may be because their estrogen levels go up during pregnancy.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis affect intimacy or sex life?

Answer: RA can sometimes make it tough to have a good sex life. On top of that, menopause can increase vaginal dryness, making sex painful. Many women with RA also have SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, an immune system condition that attacks moisture-producing glands in the body. It can cause vaginal dryness and make sex painful. Talk to your doctor about lubricants that may help.


Question: How can someone enjoy their sex life with rheumatoid arthritis and menopause?

Answer: If you're concerned about joint pain during sex, these ideas can help: Some positions -- like lying side by side with your partner -- can take the stress off your hips or other affected joints. You can also plan intimacy for the times of day when you usually feel less pain. Menopause and pain can affect your desire. Your partner may also be afraid that they'll cause you pain. It can help if both of you talk together with a doctor or counselor.


Question: When do rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms worsen?

Answer: Estrogen levels drop around the time of menopause. When that happens, RA symptoms may worsen. Some women first get symptoms around the time they start menopause. You might think that taking estrogen would reduce RA symptoms along with the symptoms of menopause, but that doesn't seem to be the case. And because hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) is linked with heart disease -- another increased risk for women with rheumatoid arthritis - doctors rarely recommend it for treating menopause symptoms in women with RA.


Question: Can menopause make the fatigue that comes from rheumatoid arthritis worse?

Answer: Menopause can make the fatigue that comes with RA worse. If you don't get enough sleep at night or you think your RA treatment isn't working as well as it should be, tell your doctor.


Question: How does menopause make someone feel fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Menopause can make the fatigue that comes with RA worse. If you don't get enough sleep at night or you think your RA treatment isn't working as well as it should be, tell your doctor. Also talk to your doctor if you feel depressed. Many people with RA have depression as well, and although it's not a normal part of menopause, it's something to watch out for. Psychotherapy, exercise, and antidepressants can treat depression.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis make osteoporosis more likely?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis makes osteoporosis more likely. So does menopause. Those are good reasons for women with RA to get their bone density levels checked and make sure they get enough calcium and vitamin D. Your rheumatologist can calculate your odds of getting a bone fracture over the next 10 years by giving you a DEXA scan to measure your bone density. They'll find the best treatment or prevention plan for you. Your doctor may recommend that you take prescription drugs to keep up your bone density and strength.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis affect menopause?

Answer: Some with rheumatoid arthritis find that menopause can affect their RA.


Question: What is the most common type of diabetic eye disease?

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common type of diabetic eye disease. The longer you have diabetes, the more likely you are to have some degree of diabetic retinopathy. How bad it will be depends on how well you control your blood sugar.


Question: What is background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)?

Answer: Background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR): This is the earliest stage. Damaged blood vessels begin to leak into the retina.


Question: What is macular edema?

Answer: NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells. Located in the center of your retina, it's what gives you your pinpoint vision. This won't lead to blindness, but it can cause blurred vision. It can get better once you get your blood sugar and blood pressure under control. If it doesn't improve, lasers or medications injected directly into your eye may help.


Question: What are cataracts and glaucoma?

Answer: Cataracts, when the eye's lens clouds up, are a common cause of vision loss and a normal part of the aging process. Glaucoma, a disease that damages your optic nerve, is a leading cause of blindness for people over 60.


Question: How often should I get a dilated eye exam if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, get a dilated exam as soon as you're diagnosed. Your doctor will put drops in your eye to widen the pupil. That lets him get a better look at your retina and optic nerve. Adults with type 2 diabetes should get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Your eye doctor will let you know if you need to come in more often. Let him know if you notice sudden vision changes. Blurry vision can result from blood sugar that's too high or too low.


Question: Am I more at risk for cataracts and glaucoma if I have diabetes?

Answer: They're not specific to diabetes, but they can show up earlier if you have it. It all depends on how well you control your blood sugar. And they're just two more reasons you need to work closely with your doctor to keep the disease under control.


Question: What is macular ischemia?

Answer: Macular ischemia: This loss of blood flow results when small blood vessels in your retina close up. Your vision blurs because the macula no longer gets enough blood to work like it should.


Question: What are the symptoms of stomach cancer?

Answer: If there are symptoms, they are typically vague. These can include: Indigestion and stomach discomfort A bloated feeling after eating Mild nausea Loss of appetite Heartburn Peptic ulcers and acid reflux (also called GERD) cause similar symptoms. Antacids or histamine blockers may give temporary relief. Many other conditions can cause these symptoms as well. For these reasons, people may not recognize the problem as serious and may put off seeing a doctor. A gastric tumor can grow very large before it causes other symptoms. In more advanced stages, symptoms of stomach cancer can include: Discomfort or pain in the upper or middle part of the abdomen Blood in the stool, which appears as black, tarry stools Vomiting or vomiting blood, which may look like coffee grounds Trouble swallowing Weight loss Pain or bloating in the stomach after eating Feeling of fullness after eating a small amount Weakness or fatigue associated with anemia A buildup of fluid in the abdomen called ascites


Question: What conditions can cause similar symptoms to stomach cancer?

Answer: These can include: Indigestion and stomach discomfort A bloated feeling after eating Mild nausea Loss of appetite Heartburn Peptic ulcers and acid reflux (also called GERD) cause similar symptoms. Antacids or histamine blockers may give temporary relief. Many other conditions can cause these symptoms as well. For these reasons, people may not recognize the problem as serious and may put off seeing a doctor. A gastric tumor can grow very large before it causes other symptoms.


Question: How do you get medical marijuana?

Answer: To get medical marijuana, you need a written recommendation from a licensed doctor in states where that is legal. ( Not every doctor is willing to recommend medical marijuana for their patients.) You must have a condition that qualifies for medical marijuana use. Each state has its own list of qualifying conditions. Your state may also require you to get a medical marijuana ID card. Once you have that card, you can buy medical marijuana at a store called a dispensary.


Question: Is medical marijuana regulated?

Answer: Another issue is that the FDA doesn't oversee medical marijuana like it does prescription drugs. Although states monitor and regulate sales, they often don't have the resources to do so. That means the strength of and ingredients in medical marijuana can differ quite a bit depending on where you buy it. "


Question: What is medical marijuana used for?

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Question: How do you take medical marijuana?

Answer: To take medical marijuana, you can: Smoke it Inhale it through a device called a vaporizer that turns it into a mist Eat it -- for example, in a brownie or lollipop Apply it to your skin in a lotion, spray, oil, or cream Place a few drops of a liquid under your tongue How you take it is up to you. Each method works differently in your body. " If you smoke or vaporize cannabis, you feel the effects very quickly," Bonn- Miller says. " If you eat it, it takes significantly longer. It can take 1 to 2 hours to experience the effects from edible products."


Question: How is medical marijuana regulated?

Answer: Another issue is that the FDA doesn't oversee medical marijuana like it does prescription drugs. Although states monitor and regulate sales, they often don't have the resources to do so. That means the strength of and ingredients in medical marijuana can differ quite a bit depending on where you buy it. "


Question: Is medical marijuana a legal form of treatment?

Answer: More than half of U. S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana in some form, and more are considering bills to do the same. Yet while many people are using marijuana, the FDA has only approved it for treatment of two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Dravet syndrome and Lennox- Gastaut syndrome.


Question: How effective is medical marijuana?

Answer: The greatest amount of evidence for the therapeutic effects of cannabis relate to its ability to reduce chronic pain, nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, and spasticity [tight or stiff muscles] from MS," Bonn- Miller says.


Question: Is medical marijuana addictive?

Answer: The National Institute on Drug Abuse says marijuana can be addictive and is considered a âgateway drugâ to using other drugs. " The higher the level of THC and the more often you use, the more likely you are to become dependent," Bonn- Miller says. " You have difficulty stopping if you need to stop.


Question: What is medical marijuana?

Answer: It's basically the same product as recreational marijuana, but it's taken for medical purposes. The marijuana plant contains more than 100 different chemicals called cannabinoids. Each one has a different effect on the body. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC) and cannabidiol ( CBD) are the main chemicals used in medicine. THC also produces the "high" people feel when they smoke marijuana or eat foods containing it.


Question: Why has so little research been done about medical marijuana?

Answer: One reason is that the U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) considers marijuana a Schedule I drug, the same as heroin, LSD, and ecstasy, and likely to be abused and lacking in medical value. Because of that, researchers need a special license to study it, says Marcel Bonn- Miller, Ph D, a substance abuse specialist at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. That may not change anytime soon. The DEA considered reclassifying marijuana as a Schedule II drug like Ritalin or oxycodone, but decided ito keep it as a Schedule I drug. The agency did, however, agree to support additional research on marijuana and make the process easier for researchers."


Question: Can the medicine I take give me high blood pressure?

Answer: Drugs: Certain drugs, such as amphetamines (stimulants), diet pills, and some pills used for cold and allergy symptoms, tend to raise blood pressure.


Question: What conditions cause secondary hypertension?

Answer: These causes include the following conditions: Chronic kidney disease Sleep apnea Tumors or other diseases of the adrenal gland Coarctation of the aorta -- A narrowing of the aorta that you are born with that can cause high blood pressure in the arms Pregnancy Use of birth control pills Alcohol addiction Thyroid dysfunction In the other 90% of cases, the cause of high blood pressure is not known (primary hypertension).


Question: Can obesity lead to secondary hypertension?

Answer: Medical professionals strongly recommend that all obese people with high blood pressure lose weight until they are within 15% of their healthy body weight. Your health care provider can help you calculate your healthy body weight range.


Question: Can taking birth control pills cause secondary hypertension?

Answer: Birth control pills (oral contraceptive use): Some women who take birth control pills develop high blood pressure.


Question: Can alcohol use lead to secondary hypertension?

Answer: Alcohol use: Drinking more than 1-2 drinks of alcohol per day tends to raise blood pressure in those who are sensitive to alcohol.


Question: Can sodium sensitivity lead to secondary hypertension?

Answer: Sodium (salt) sensitivity: Some people have high sensitivity to sodium (salt), and their blood pressure goes up if they use salt. Reducing sodium intake tends to lower their blood pressure.


Question: Is all fiber the same?

Answer: No, some fibers are soluble in water and others are insoluble. Soluble fiber slows digestion and helps you absorb nutrients from food. Insoluble fiber adds bulk to your stool, helping the stool pass more quickly through the intestines.


Question: Which type of fiber is best to ease constipation?

Answer: Go for whole-grain breads, cereals, and pastas. Cereal fibers generally have cell walls that resist digestion and retain water within the cellular structures. Wheat bran can be highly effective as a natural laxative.


Question: What if whole-grain fiber and fruits don't help constipation?

Answer: Then try foods that contain psyllium seed husk, bran, and methylcellulose, or try fiber supplements. These natural products increase stool weight and have a laxative effect. Be sure to drink a lot of water when taking any of these products, as they can clog up the intestines and cause constipation. Fiber must have water in order to sweep the colon and move the stool out of your body.


Question: What is fiber?

Answer: Dietary fiber refers to the edible parts of plants or carbohydrates that cannot be digested. Fiber is in all plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes. You can also find a form of fiber called chitin in the shells of crustaceans such as crab, lobster, and shrimp.


Question: Are prunes a natural laxative?

Answer: are also high in disease-fighting antioxidants and have both insoluble and soluble fiber. One cup of pitted, uncooked prunes contains 12 grams of fiber. Three dried plums have 3.9 grams of fiber. Then try foods that contain psyllium seed husk, bran, and methylcellulose, or try fiber supplements. These natural products increase stool weight and have a laxative effect.


Question: Can food help treat constipation?

Answer: It's becoming clear in recent years that what you eat can be highly effective in preventing or reversing some health problems, especially chronic constipation.


Question: What other foods are high in fiber?

Answer: Eat plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes such as beans and lentils. The fiber found in citrus fruits and legumes stimulate the growth of colonic flora, which increases the stool weight and the amount of bacteria in the stool. Encouraging the growth of certain bacteria in the colon may help promote a healthy intestine.


Question: What are the symptoms of conversion disorder?

Answer: Conversion disorder symptoms most commonly look like issues involving your nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or other nerves). These include: Uncontrollable movements Tunnel vision or blindness Loss of smell or speech Numbness or paralysis There's no test to diagnose conversion disorder.


Question: What are the treatments for conversion disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapy treatments are most often used, including: Occupational or physical therapy Counseling Hypnosis Antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs Symptoms can last from a few days to several weeks.


Question: What are the causes of conversion disorder?

Answer: While the specific cause of conversion disorder is still being studied, researchers think it develops as a way for your brain to deal with emotional strife. It's almost always triggered by stressful situations and other mental disorders. And the symptoms usually develop suddenly.


Question: What are symptoms of depression in children?

Answer: The primary symptoms of depression revolve around sadness, a feeling of hopelessness, and mood changes and may include: Irritability or anger Continuous feelings of sadness or hopelessness Social withdrawal Increased sensitivity to rejection Changes in appetite -- either increased or decreased Changes in sleep -- sleeplessness or excessive sleep Vocal outbursts or crying Difficulty concentrating Fatigue and low energy Physical complaints (such as stomachaches, headaches) that do not respond to treatment Reduced ability to function during events and activities at home or with friends, in school, extracurricular activities, and in other hobbies or interests Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Impaired thinking or concentration Thoughts of death or suicide Not all children have all of these symptoms.


Question: What are the warning signs of suicide risk in children?

Answer: Warning signs of suicidal behavior in children include: Many depressive symptoms (changes in eating, sleeping, activities, or restlessness/agitation) Social isolation Talk of suicide, hopelessness, or helplessness Increased acting-out of undesirable behaviors (sexual/behavioral) Increased risk-taking behaviors Frequent accidents Substance abuse Focus on morbid and negative themes Talk about death and dying Increased crying or reduced emotional expression Giving away possessions As in adults, depression in children can be caused by any combination of factors that relate to physical health, life events, family history, environment, genetic vulnerability, and biochemical disturbance.


Question: What are treatment options for children with depression?

Answer: Treatment options for children with depression are similar to those for adults, including psychotherapy (counseling) and medicine. The role that family and the child's environment play in the treatment process is different from that of adults. Your child's health care provider may suggest psychotherapy first, and consider antidepressant medicine as an additional option if symptoms are especially severe or if there is not significant improvement from psychotherapy alone. Currently, there are no good studies documenting the effectiveness of medicine over psychotherapy in children.


Question: Who is at risk for childhood depression?

Answer: Children with a family history of depression are at greater risk of experiencing depression themselves. Children who have parents that suffer from depression tend to develop their first episode of depression earlier than children whose parents do not. Children from chaotic or conflicted families, or children and teens who abuse substances like alcohol and drugs, are also at greater risk of depression.


Question: Who is more likely to get carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: Medical conditions sometimes linked to carpal tunnel syndrome include: Obesity Hypothyroidism Rheumatoid Arthritis Diabetes Pregnancy Trauma Women are three times more likely than men to get the condition. That may be because in general they have a smaller carpal tunnel than men. When the condition is brought on by pregnancy, the symptoms usually clear up within a few months after delivery.


Question: How is carpal tunnel syndrome treated?

Answer: Lifestyle changes. If your symptoms are due to repetitive motion, you can take more frequent breaks or do a bit less of the activity that's causing you pain. Certain stretching and strengthening exercises could help, too. Speak with your doctor. Immobilization. The doctor may have you use a splint to keep your wrist from moving and to lessen pressure on the nerves. You may wear one at night to help get rid of that numbness or tingling feeling. This can help you sleep better and give your median nerve a rest. Medication . Your doctor may give you anti-inflammatory drugs or steroid shots to reduce swelling. Surgery. If none of the above treatments work, an operation may be an option. Talk with your doctor about it.


Question: What can cause carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: But it can happen due to: Repetitive motions, like typing or any motions of the wrist that you do over and over. This is especially true of actions when your hands are lower than your wrist. Conditions like hypothyroidism, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes Pregnancy If you have carpal tunnel syndrome and don't get it treated, its symptoms can last a long time, get worse, and can even go away and return.


Question: What can happen if you don't treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: Conditions like hypothyroidism, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes Pregnancy If you have carpal tunnel syndrome and don't get it treated, its symptoms can last a long time, get worse, and can even go away and return. When your doctor diagnoses it early, it's easier to treat.


Question: What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: You may feel a burning, tingling, or itching numbness in the palm of your hand and thumb, or index and middle fingers. You might first notice that your fingers "fall asleep" and become numb at night. That usually happens in the evening because of the relaxed position of your hand and while sleeping. In the morning, you may wake up with numbness and tingling in your hands that may run all the way to your shoulder.


Question: Which tests help diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: Those jobs include: Assembly line worker Sewer or knitter Baker Cashier Hair stylist Musician Your doctor may ask you to tap the palm side of your wrist or fully flex your wrist with your arms completely extended. Another test called EMG- NCV measures the function of the nerve across the carpal tunnel.


Question: How can I tell if someone I'm caring for is in pain?

Answer: Many of the signs are obvious -- crying, moaning, clenched fists, âknittedâ eyebrows. A poor appetite may also be a clue. If the person can't tell you if they're in pain, you may need to have a doctor or therapist do an exam, including a check for bedsores.


Question: How can cold therapy help ease aches and pains?

Answer: Cold can numb pain and ease swelling. Try a cool cloth, cold pack, cold compression wrap, or ice massage. To make an ice pack, put crushed ice in a plastic bag and cover it with a towel. Don't put the bag of ice directly on your loved one's skin. Or you can use a bag of frozen peas. Ice as soon as possible after an injury. Do it for 15-20 minutes at a time, 4-8 times per day. Stop icing when the area feels numb. Slow, quiet breathing helps relax the body and mind and ease pain.


Question: How can deep breathing help ease aches and pains?

Answer: Slow, quiet breathing helps relax the body and mind and ease pain. You can show your loved one how to do this: Lie or sit with one hand on your belly and take a deep, slow breath. Imagine filling a balloon in your belly with air. Then breathe out, as if you're letting all the air out of the balloon. Think of breathing out stressful thoughts and breathing in relaxation. Aim for about six long, deep breaths a minute. If your loved one has lung problems, talk to his doctor about what breathing exercises would be good to try, or if other ways to relax would be better.


Question: How can heat help ease aches and pains?

Answer: A warm shower or bath, hot water bottle, or warm cloth can help relax muscles and ease muscle spasms. A heating pad with an automatic off switch is better than a regular heating pad, which can burn skin if left on too long. Be careful with microwavable heating pads, as these can have hot spots that burn. Apply heat to the sore area for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 hours. Don't use heat on open wounds.


Question: Who is most likely to get shingles again?

Answer: You're more likely to get it again if: You had severe pain from shingles that lasted more than 30 days. This is called post-herpetic neuralgia ( PHN). You are a woman. You were age 50 or older when you had shingles the first time. Your immune system is weak from conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, or HIV, or you take medicines that suppress your immune system.


Question: When should I see a doctor about shingles?

Answer: Other symptoms to look out for: Pain, itching, or tingling, which may start a few days before the rash appears Headache Fever Chills Upset stomach See your doctor at the first sign of shingles. Getting treated early can help it go away faster and may help you avoid related problems. For instance, shingles on the face can cause hearing or sight problems, including blindness. If you have a weak immune system and can't get the vaccine, early treatment is your best defense against shingles. Sometimes what seems to be shingles is really herpes simplex. Though it usually appears as "cold sores" around the mouth or genitals, this form of herpes can show up elsewhere. A different treatment is used to clear it up. Your doctor can do tests, such as a viral culture, to confirm whether you have shingles and to get you the right treatment.


Question: Does shingles come back in the same place?

Answer: Shingles is likely to return in a different part of your body. In general, the rash is most common on the torso or face.


Question: How often should women be screened for HPV?

Answer: You can get an HPV test alone or with your Pap test, known as co-testing, every five years starting after age 30. Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, and the high-risk types of the virus cause almost all cervical cancers. If you test positive for HPV, that doesn't mean you'll get cervical cancer.


Question: What happens next if my cervical biopsy shows that I have cervical cancer?

Answer: If your biopsy shows you have cervical cancer, the next step is to see if it has spread, and where.


Question: What do cervical biopsies consist of?

Answer: Your doctor might also remove a small piece of tissue during your colposcopy to check for cancer. This is known as a colposcopic biopsy. Other types of biopsies include: Endocervical curettage uses a thin instrument called a curette to scrape away cells Loop electro-surgical excision procedure ( LEEP) uses a thin wire heated by an electric current to remove cells Punch biopsy uses a tool called biopsy forceps to remove tissue Cone biopsy is another, more invasive, way for your doctor to take a tissue sample, so it's usually performed in a hospital.


Question: What is stage IV cervical cancer?

Answer: This is the most advanced stage. The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, like the bladder, rectum, lungs, liver, or distant lymph nodes.


Question: What do the stages of cervical cancer mean?

Answer: After all of the tests results are back, your doctor will use them to determine if and how far your cancer has spread, which will show them what stage it is in. Staging classifies the cancer by how much is in your body and where it has spread when it's diagnosed. Knowing the stage can help your medical team plan the right treatment for you.


Question: When happens if I have an abnormal Pap test?

Answer: If you have an abnormal Pap test and other symptoms of cervical cancer, your gynecologist will want find out more about your medical history and your family's. She'll likely run more tests to find out if you have cancer cells in your cervix, and check your lymph nodes to see if cancer has spread.


Question: When should you get tested for the human papillomavirus (HPV) relative to cervical cancer screening?

Answer: You can get an HPV test alone or with your Pap test, known as co-testing, every five years starting after age 30. Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, and the high-risk types of the virus cause almost all cervical cancers. If you test positive for HPV, that doesn't mean you'll get cervical cancer. If you're over age 30, doctors recommend you get both tests every 3-5 years.


Question: What should you know about screening for cervical cancer?

Answer: But if you're diagnosed with cervical cancer, know it's very treatable when your doctor finds it early. It's also one of the most preventable cancers in women because of available screenings and vaccinations. While regular screenings are the most important thing you can do to detect precancerous cells, there are other things you also need to know to spot symptoms early.


Question: What is stage II cervical cancer?

Answer: The cancer has spread outside of the cervix and uterus. It may have reached the upper part of the vagina. It may involve local lymph nodes but has not spread to distant sites.


Question: What is stage III cervical cancer?

Answer: The cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina or the walls of the pelvis. It may or may not involve the nearby lymph nodes but has not spread to distant sites.


Question: How are CT scans used to test for cervical cancer?

Answer: This powerful X-ray can show your doctor if your cancer has spread to your lymph nodes, liver, lungs, or other parts of your body.


Question: What is a cone biopsy for cervical cancer?

Answer: Other types of biopsies include: Endocervical curettage uses a thin instrument called a curette to scrape away cells Loop electro-surgical excision procedure ( LEEP) uses a thin wire heated by an electric current to remove cells Punch biopsy uses a tool called biopsy forceps to remove tissue Cone biopsy is another, more invasive, way for your doctor to take a tissue sample, so it's usually performed in a hospital. It can also treat some early-stage cervical cancers. Your doctor removes a cone-shaped piece of tissue from your cervix with either a LEEP, scalpel or laser.


Question: How is cystoscopy and proctoscopy used in cervical cancer tests?

Answer: These tests both use a lighted tube to see if the cancer has spread into your bladder and rectum.


Question: How are chest X-rays used to test for cervical cancer?

Answer: A chest X-ray will look to see if cancer has spread to your lungs.


Question: What is stage 0 cervical cancer?

Answer: Cancer is only on the surface of the cervix and have not grown into deeper tissues.


Question: What happens during a colposcopy?

Answer: During this test, your doctor will use an instrument called a colposcope, which looks a lot like a microscope, to get an up close look at your cervix. You'll lie on an exam table and she'll use a speculum to keep your vagina open. Next she'll rub a solution of acetic acid (similar to vinegar) on your cervix. This liquid helps her see any abnormal cells. It might burn a little.


Question: What is stage I cervical cancer?

Answer: The cancer has grown into the cervix and may be growing into the body of the uterus. It may also have spread to nearby lymph nodes but has not spread distantly.


Question: How is a Pap test done?

Answer: Your gynecologist will perform a Pap test during your routine pelvic exam. It's quick and painless. You lie on an exam table and your doctor will use a speculum to keep your vagina open. It also lets her see your cervix. Next, she'll use a small brush to swab some cells from your cervix. The cells are sent a lab where they're checked for signs of cancer.


Question: Is cervical cancer treatable?

Answer: But if you're diagnosed with cervical cancer, know it's very treatable when your doctor finds it early. It's also one of the most preventable cancers in women because of available screenings and vaccinations.


Question: What tests do doctors use once you've been diagnosed with cervical cancer?

Answer: If your biopsy shows you have cervical cancer, the next step is to see if it has spread, and where. Your doctor might order one or more of these tests: Cystoscopy and proctoscopy. These tests both use a lighted tube to see if the cancer has spread into your bladder and rectum. CT scan. This powerful X-ray can show your doctor if your cancer has spread to your lymph nodes, liver, lungs, or other parts of your body. MRI. Your doctor might use an MRI to get very detailed images of inside your body. An MRI can find cancer that has spread to your pelvis, brain, or spinal cord. Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray will look to see if cancer has spread to your lungs. Positron emission tomography ( PET). Your doctor might order a PET scan if she thinks your cancer has spread but isn't sure where. It uses a type of radioactive sugar that cancer cells absorb. A special camera can spot the cells that have absorbed the sugar.


Question: How is low-dose steroid cream used to treat psoriasis on sensitive areas?

Answer: Doctors often prescribe it first because it's one of the best treatments. When you have an infection, the medicine to treat it might be mixed with a steroid. But you have to use steroids with care. Thin skin absorbs medicine more easily, so you're more likely to have side effects. A steroid cream can also make your skin even thinner and cause stretch marks or broken blood vessels if you use it too long. Your doctor will likely prescribe a low-dose steroid cream for a short time.


Question: How should you take care of psoriasis on and around your face?

Answer: A light foundation makeup is often all you need. Even when you're trying to cover severe psoriasis, choose a formula specifically meant for your face. Pick something that's not too slippery, so it sticks to your skin, but not so dry that it makes flakes worse. Match your normal skin tone; don't go darker or lighter. You may have better luck finding items at a beauty products store. It might be worth it to have a makeup artist give you some tips about what things to use and how to apply them. For example, many professionals recommend using a primer after your moisturizer and before your foundation to help even out your skin. Since your hair can touch your face and neck, your styling products could be causing irritation. Look for fragrance- and alcohol-free ones. Products with fewer ingredients, that are natural rather than chemical, are safer.


Question: How should you take care of your skin if you have psoriasis in sensitive areas?

Answer: Creases and folds in your skin can get warm and damp, making them more prone to infection. Dust baby powder or baking soda under your breasts and in your groin to help skin stay cool and dry.


Question: Which soaps should you use to handle psoriasis in sensitive areas?

Answer: Choose natural fabrics.


Question: How can peeling creams affect your psoriasis in sensitive areas?

Answer: The best products to soften and remove scales have salicylic acid, lactic acid, urea, or phenol. Some over-the counter ( OTC) peels may be too strong, so check with your doctor before you use them. Avoid peels on cracked or bleeding skin. Use an OTC antibiotic that you put on the area to help heal it.


Question: How are light treatments (phototherapy) used to treat psoriasis in sensitive areas?

Answer: Artificial UVB light works on most parts of the body, but not your genitals.


Question: How can losing weight help with psoriasis in sensitive areas?

Answer: Extra pounds can create more skin folds where psoriasis could show up. When you're heavy, you're also more likely to sweat, which can make your symptoms worse. Losing a few pounds may make a big difference to your comfort and the health of your skin.


Question: How is weight linked to psoriasis?

Answer: Extra pounds can create more skin folds where psoriasis could show up. When you're heavy, you're also more likely to sweat, which can make your symptoms worse. Losing a few pounds may make a big difference to your comfort and the health of your skin.


Question: Should I use lubricant to treat severe psoriasis?

Answer: Clean your genital area afterward, and apply more medication if you need to.


Question: How should I use peeling creams to treat sensitive areas with psoriasis?

Answer: The best products to soften and remove scales have salicylic acid, lactic acid, urea, or phenol. Some over-the counter ( OTC) peels may be too strong, so check with your doctor before you use them.


Question: How are vitamin D creams used to treat sensitive areas with psoriasis?

Answer: These have fewer long-term side effects than steroids, and you can use them longer. Sometimes they're mixed with a mild steroid to make them less irritating. Only use the one your doctor prescribes, since not all vitamin D creams work well for sensitive skin.


Question: If I have psoriasis in skin folds, what can help keep that area dry?

Answer: Creases and folds in your skin can get warm and damp, making them more prone to infection. Dust baby powder or baking soda under your breasts and in your groin to help skin stay cool and dry.


Question: What are common ways to deal with psoriasis?

Answer: Some common ways to deal with psoriasis -- like managing your stress, not smoking, putting on moisturizer after a shower or bath, and getting plenty of rest -- are good for these areas, too. But others are too harsh for tender skin. You'll need to consider where your patches are when you make decisions about what to do. Keep these things in mind to protect your sensitive skin and make living with your psoriasis easier.


Question: How much makeup can I use to cover severe psoriasis?

Answer: A light foundation makeup is often all you need. Even when you're trying to cover severe psoriasis, choose a formula specifically meant for your face. Pick something that's not too slippery, so it sticks to your skin, but not so dry that it makes flakes worse. Match your normal skin tone; don't go darker or lighter.


Question: What do low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels mean?

Answer: Total blood cholesterol level: High risk: 240 mg/d L and above Borderline high risk: 200-239 mg/d L Desirable: Less than 200 mg/d L LDL cholesterol levels: 190 mg/d L and above represents a high risk for heart disease and is a strong indicator that the individual can benefit from intensive treatment, including life style changes, diet, and statin therapy for reducing that risk. For LDL levels that are equal to or less than 189 mg/d L, the guidelines recommend strategies for lowering LDL by 30% to 50% depending on what other risk factors you have that can affect the health of your heart and blood vessels.


Question: What other factors might your doctor consider with regards to cholesterol and heart disease?

Answer: After reviewing your blood test, The doctor will also consider other risk factors you might have for heart disease, including: Your family history Age Weight Race Gender Diet Blood pressure and whether or not you're being treated for high blood pressure Activity level Smoking status History of diabetes Evidence of elevated blood sugars Then, your doctor will talk with you about your level of risk and the potential benefit to be derived by taking steps that include changes in your level of activity and diet as well as using medication to improve your cholesterol levels in order to reduce your overall risk.


Question: What are normal and high triglyceride levels?

Answer: HDL cholesterol: High risk: Less than 40 mg/d L for men and less than 50 mg/d L for women Triglycerides: Very high risk: 500 mg/d L and above High risk: 200-499 mg/d L Borderline high risk: 150-199 mg/d L Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L If your doctor recommends a "non-fasting" cholesterol test, the lab will look only at your total cholesterol (and sometimes your HDL) numbers.


Question: What is low-density lipoproteins (LDL)?

Answer: This is the "bad cholesterol," the main cause of plaque build-up, which increases your risk for heart disease. In general, the lower the number, the better. But LDL cholesterol is only one part of a larger equation that measures a person's overall risk of having a heart attack or stroke. For years, guidelines focused on specific target numbers for individuals to achieve to lower their risk. The most recent guidelines focus on a person's overall risk and, based on that risk, recommend a certain percentage of LDL reduction as one part of a strategy for preventing serious heart and vascular problems.


Question: What are the high, borderline and desirable levels of total cholesterol?

Answer: HDL cholesterol: High risk: Less than 40 mg/d L for men and less than 50 mg/d L for women Triglycerides: Very high risk: 500 mg/d L and above High risk: 200-499 mg/d L Borderline high risk: 150-199 mg/d L Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L If your doctor recommends a "non-fasting" cholesterol test, the lab will look only at your total cholesterol (and sometimes your HDL) numbers.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to tics?

Answer: Tics: Children who take stimulant medicines sometimes develop tics such as involuntary blinking, facial movements, or constant throat clearing. But because there is a link between Tourette's syndrome and ADHD (about 60% of children with Tourette's also have ADHD), it's unclear if the medications cause the tics or just make them worse. If a change causes social problems, talk to your child's doctor about switching to a nonstimulant.


Question: How can you treat a lowered appetite resulting from taking ADHD medicine?

Answer: Less appetite: If your child takes a stimulant medicine, it's common for her to have little or no desire to eat the first few hours afterward. This may change after a few weeks. If it doesn't, you might try giving her the medicine after a healthy breakfast. Then she can eat a small lunch and have a larger meal later in the day when the drug's effect wears off. Talk with her doctor if your child is losing weight.


Question: How long do the aches and nausea from taking ADHD medicine last?

Answer: Aches and nausea: Your child may have minor headaches, tummy aches, or even feel sick to his stomach when she starts a new medication. These side effects usually go away after a few days or weeks. It may help if she takes her medication with food.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to suicidal thoughts?

Answer: Suicidal thoughts: Some children who have ADHD may also suffer from depression. Those who are taking the nonstimulant atomoxetine ( Strattera) may have a slight risk of feeling suicidal. If you suspect your child is having any thoughts like this, contact your doctor immediately.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to liver damage?

Answer: Liver damage: In extremely rare cases, Strattera may cause jaundice or liver damage. Notify your child's doctor immediately if your child's skin is turning yellow or she has dark urine, flu-like symptoms, or upper belly pain.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to heart problems?

Answer: Heart problems: Though stimulants have been found to be safe in healthy children, they can cause a heart attack or stroke in people who are at risk for heart disease. Discuss any heart conditions, heart birth defects, symptoms (such as fainting or irregular heartbeat), or a family history of heart disease with the doctor before your child takes any new medication.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to personality changes?

Answer: Personality changes: When a stimulant dose is too high, some children may zone out, or behave in a âzombie-likeâ manner. If your child seems tearful, withdrawn, or overly sedated, discuss a change in medication with your doctor.


Question: How can ADHD medicine lead to fainting and dizziness?

Answer: Fainting and dizziness : In addition to drowsiness and irritability, the nonstimulants clonidine and guanfacine may cause a drop in heart rate and blood pressure, and that can lead to fainting and dizziness. A rapid rise in blood pressure can happen if the medications is stopped suddenly, so don't stop the medicine without talking to her doctor.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to changes in growth?

Answer: Changes in growth: There's been some concern over the effects of stimulants on children's growth, both in height and weight, because of the initial decrease in appetite and an increase in dopamine, which can slow down growth hormones. But the effect, if any, appears to be temporary. A 2014 study from Boston Children's Hospital found that children with ADHD who took stimulants had no significant changes in growth and, as adults, were no shorter on average than adults who didn't take stimulants.


Question: How can you treat the irritability or moodiness associated with taking ADHD medicine?

Answer: Irritability or moodiness : The effects of ADHD medications last only for as long as the drug is in your child's system. Depending on the formula, that can be anywhere from 4 to 12 hours. When the drug wears off, your child can have a marked âreboundâ period, when she's cranky, often around dinnertime or bedtime. It can make a big difference if you plan activities around these times. For example, wait until after dinner to start homework, or have a soothing bath and read at bedtime. Your doctor may also recommend a small dose of a shorter-acting medication later in the day. This is sometimes called a booster dose or a homework pill.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause hallucinations?

Answer: Hallucinations: Children who take stimulants for ADHD have a slight chance of hearing voices, seeing imaginary things such as insects, and having feelings of paranoia. Report any unusual behavior such as this to your doctor.


Question: What ADHD medicines don't cause sleeping problems?

Answer: Some children take nonstimulant medications such as guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex) and clonidine ( Kapvay). These medicines can have the reverse effect and make your child feel sleepy during the day. Taking the dose closer to bedtime or breaking it into two doses can help.


Question: Can antidepressants be used to treat ADHD?

Answer: Antidepressants haven't been approved for treating ADHD, but some, including bupropion ( Wellbutrin), may be prescribed for children who haven't responded well to other ADHD treatments, or who also suffer from a mood disorder such as anxiety or depression.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause my child to faint or become dizzy?

Answer: Fainting and dizziness : In addition to drowsiness and irritability, the nonstimulants clonidine and guanfacine may cause a drop in heart rate and blood pressure, and that can lead to fainting and dizziness. A rapid rise in blood pressure can happen if the medications is stopped suddenly, so don't stop the medicine without talking to her doctor.


Question: Can ADHD medicine lead to hallucinations?

Answer: Hallucinations: Children who take stimulants for ADHD have a slight chance of hearing voices, seeing imaginary things such as insects, and having feelings of paranoia. Report any unusual behavior such as this to your doctor.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause tics or twitching?

Answer: Tics: Children who take stimulant medicines sometimes develop tics such as involuntary blinking, facial movements, or constant throat clearing. But because there is a link between Tourette's syndrome and ADHD (about 60% of children with Tourette's also have ADHD), it's unclear if the medications cause the tics or just make them worse. If a change causes social problems, talk to your child's doctor about switching to a nonstimulant.


Question: Does ADHD medicine cause changes in a child's height or weight?

Answer: Changes in growth: There's been some concern over the effects of stimulants on children's growth, both in height and weight, because of the initial decrease in appetite and an increase in dopamine, which can slow down growth hormones. But the effect, if any, appears to be temporary.


Question: How can you treat insomnia related to taking ADHD medicine?

Answer: In many cases, the sleep problems can be fixed by changing what time the child takes the medication, or switching from a long-acting formula to one that wears off a few hours before bedtime. Some children take nonstimulant medications such as guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex) and clonidine ( Kapvay). These medicines can have the reverse effect and make your child feel sleepy during the day. Taking the dose closer to bedtime or breaking it into two doses can help.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause aches and nausea?

Answer: Aches and nausea: Your child may have minor headaches, tummy aches, or even feel sick to his stomach when she starts a new medication. These side effects usually go away after a few days or weeks. It may help if she takes her medication with food.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause a loss in appetite?

Answer: Less appetite: If your child takes a stimulant medicine, it's common for her to have little or no desire to eat the first few hours afterward. This may change after a few weeks. If it doesn't, you might try giving her the medicine after a healthy breakfast. Then she can eat a small lunch and have a larger meal later in the day when the drug's effect wears off. Talk with her doctor if your child is losing weight.


Question: Are side effects of ADHD medicine common and when should I be concerned?

Answer: Before your child starts taking an ADHD medication for the first time, or switches to a different drug or a new dose, note her habits before she starts the drug so you can tell if a new behavior may be a side effect. It's common to have some early side effects. It can take a few days or a few weeks for her body to adjust. If any changes concern you, talk to your child's doctor to decide whether you should stay the course, switch to another medication, adjust the dosage, or stop medication.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medicine to cause my child to be irritable and moody, and what can I do to help it?

Answer: Irritability or moodiness : The effects of ADHD medications last only for as long as the drug is in your child's system. Depending on the formula, that can be anywhere from 4 to 12 hours. When the drug wears off, your child can have a marked âreboundâ period, when she's cranky, often around dinnertime or bedtime. It can make a big difference if you plan activities around these times. For example, wait until after dinner to start homework, or have a soothing bath and read at bedtime. Your doctor may also recommend a small dose of a shorter-acting medication later in the day.


Question: Does bupropion have different side effects from stimulants?

Answer: Bupropion has many of the same potential side effects as stimulants, including irritability, decreased appetite, insomnia, and a worsening of existing tics. At high doses, it may make some people more likely to have seizures and can cause hallucinations.


Question: What causes diabetic macular edema?

Answer: High blood sugar weakens the blood vessels in your eyes. That can make them leak or grow out of control in your retina, the light-sensitive area at the back of your eye. This is called diabetic retinopathy. When fluid seeps into your retina, it can cause diabetic macular edema. The leaking makes your retina swell, which hampers the work of your macula, the special, sensitive part that gives you sharp vision.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose diabetic macular edema?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you have diabetic macular edema, you may also need one or both of these tests: A fluorescein angiogram ( FA) takes pictures of your retina using a special dye that helps find any leaking blood vessels. The dye is injected into your arm, but travels quickly to your eye. Optical coherence tomography ( OCT) uses a special camera to photograph your retina. It is very sensitive and can find even small amounts of fluid and swelling.


Question: What procedures are done to treat diabetic macular edema?

Answer: These drugs include: Avastin (bevacizumab) Eylea (aflibercept) Iluvien (fluocinolone acetonide) Lucentis (ranibizumab) Macugen (pegaptanib) In severe cases, you may also have laser photocoagulation. A doctor will use a tiny laser on your eye to seal leaking blood vessels. You may need more than one treatment to control the problem. It's usually not painful, but you may have slight stinging feeling when the laser touches you. Sometimes steroid injections may help. Another treatment is a surgery called vitrectomy. This is usually done because of bleeding (not macular edema), and doctors take out the fluid that is clouding your vision and replace it with a clear solution.


Question: What drugs are used to treat diabetic macular edema?

Answer: To treat diabetic macular edema, doctors may use drugs that are injected into your eyes to help stop leaking, and to slow the growth of new blood vessels. These drugs include: Avastin (bevacizumab) Eylea (aflibercept) Iluvien (fluocinolone acetonide) Lucentis (ranibizumab) Macugen (pegaptanib) In severe cases, you may also have laser photocoagulation.


Question: What questions will your doctor ask before diagnosing diabetic macular edema?

Answer: Before any testing, your doctor may ask you questions: Have you noticed changes in your vision? If so, what kind? Have you been diagnosed with diabetes? If so, when? Does anyone in your family have it? How have your blood sugar and A1c levels been lately? Do you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol? Do you have any other medical conditions?


Question: What eye exams are used to diagnose diabetic macular edema?

Answer: You will need a thorough eye exam, which usually includes: A visual acuity test. It checks how well you see at different distances. A dilated eye exam. Your doctor will use drops to widen your pupils and look at the inside of your eyes. He'll look for signs of disease, including damaged or leaking blood vessels, swelling, and fatty deposits on the retina.


Question: Where can you get support for diabetic macular edema?

Answer: For more information about the eye conditions related to diabetes, go to the web site of the American Diabetes Association. They have links that can help you get the support you need.


Question: What foods should you avoid if you're highly sensitive to lactose?

Answer: When shopping or cooking, look for these ingredients that have lactose: Curds Dry milk solids Milk Milk byproducts Dry milk powder Whey If you are highly sensitive to lactose, you may need to avoid foods such as: Baked goods Bread, baking, and pancake mixes Breakfast cereals Certain types of candy, such as milk chocolate Instant foods (breakfast drink mixes, mashed potatoes, soups, and meal replacement drinks) Margarine Nondairy creamers (liquid and powdered) Nondairy whipped topping Processed meats (bacon, hot dogs, sausage, and lunch meats) Protein and meal replacement bars Salad dressing Your doctor may ask you to keep a diary of the foods you eat, to note when you have symptoms, and to stop eating an offending food to see if your symptoms go away.


Question: How do you manage lactose intolerance?

Answer: You can't change how well your body digests lactose, but you can cut or even stop your symptoms. Talk with your doctor or a registered dietitian who can help you plan a healthy diet that keeps you feeling good. Keep a food diary to help you learn how much (if any) dairy you can eat without having symptoms. Many people don't need to stop eating all dairy. If you make small changes in what you eat, you may be able to prevent symptoms by helping your body digest dairy foods easier.


Question: What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

Answer: Millions of Americans have symptoms of lactose intolerance: Bloating Cramps Diarrhea Painful gas Nausea You can use trial and error to find out what foods cause symptoms, and in what amount.


Question: How does a doctor diagnose lactose intolerance?

Answer: When shopping or cooking, look for these ingredients that have lactose: Curds Dry milk solids Milk Milk byproducts Dry milk powder Whey If you are highly sensitive to lactose, you may need to avoid foods such as: Baked goods Bread, baking, and pancake mixes Breakfast cereals Certain types of candy, such as milk chocolate Instant foods (breakfast drink mixes, mashed potatoes, soups, and meal replacement drinks) Margarine Nondairy creamers (liquid and powdered) Nondairy whipped topping Processed meats (bacon, hot dogs, sausage, and lunch meats) Protein and meal replacement bars Salad dressing Your doctor may ask you to keep a diary of the foods you eat, to note when you have symptoms, and to stop eating an offending food to see if your symptoms go away. To help make a diagnosis, some doctors simply look at your symptoms and whether avoiding dairy products for 2 weeks relieves them.


Question: What is lactose intolerance?

Answer: Lactose is the main sugar in milk and most other dairy products. Your small intestine makes the enzyme lactase to help you digest that sugar. When you're lactose intolerant, you don't make enough lactase to digest lactose well. You can't cure lactose intolerance, but if you change what and how you eat, you may get rid of your symptoms.


Question: Medically speaking, what is apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Apple cider vinegar has a long history as a home remedy, used to treat things like sore throat and varicose veins. There isn't much science to support the claims. But in recent years, some researchers have been taking a closer look at apple cider vinegar and its possible benefits.


Question: How is obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed?

Answer: You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else. She will also talk with you about your feelings, thoughts, and habits. If your thoughts and habits keep you from doing what you want to do for at least an hour a day, you may have OCD.


Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. But because they take weeks or months to relieve symptoms, they're often taken with an NSAID. Methotrexate is usually the main DMARD doctors prescribe for JRA.


Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.


Question: Should juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment include physical therapy?

Answer: Your child's JRA treatment should include physical therapy. It helps keep their muscles strong so that their joints can move as well as possible. A physiatrist or a physical therapist can create an exercise program for your child. The specialist also may recommend using splints and other devices to help maintain normal bone and joint growth.


Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.


Question: Can strength training lower my triglycerides?

Answer: Choose any of these: Basketball Bicycling Elliptical Jogging at a steady pace Jumping rope Kickboxing Racquetball Soccer Spinning Step aerobics Stair climbing (traditionally or on a machine) Swimming Tennis Walking briskly Zumba While working with weights hasn't been shown to lower triglycerides, it can still boost the results of aerobic exercise. Stronger muscles burn more calories all day, not just after a workout. And burning calories results in weight loss, which lowers triglycerides. If you've never lifted weights, learn proper form from a professional so you don't hurt yourself.


Question: Where can I find reliable information about alternative therapies for diabetes treatment?

Answer: Look for scientific-based sources of information. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse collects resource information for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( NIDDK) Reference Collection, a service of the National Institutes of Health. To learn more about alternative therapies for diabetes treatment, contact the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.


Question: What natural alternative therapies help with weight loss?

Answer: Since being overweight and having diabetes are linked, many people with diabetes turn to natural alternative therapies that claim to help with weight loss, including: Chitosan Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) Chromium Pyruvate Germander Momordica charantia ( Chinese bitter melon) Sauropus androgynus (sweet leaf bush) Aristolochic acid There are also skin patch (transdermal) systems as well as oral sprays that supposedly curb your appetite and make it easier to lose weight.


Question: Are complementary or alternative medicines for diabetes effective?

Answer: Although some may be effective, others aren't or can even be harmful. If you want to try complementary or alternative medicine, talk to your doctor about the pros and cons and what may be a good idea for you.


Question: What should you consider when deciding to use natural remedies for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You should talk to your doctor about any drugs, herbal products, or alternative and complementary treatments to make sure they're not going to interfere with your treatment or cause other problems. Beware of claims that seem too good to be true. Look for scientific-based sources of information. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse collects resource information for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( NIDDK) Reference Collection, a service of the National Institutes of Health. To learn more about alternative therapies for diabetes treatment, contact the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.


Question: What is biofeedback?

Answer: Biofeedback is a technique that helps you become more aware of -- and learn to deal with -- your body's response to pain. This therapy emphasizes relaxation and stress-reduction techniques.


Question: Does Coenzyme Q10 help with diabetes?

Answer: Coenzyme Q10, often referred to as Co Q10 (other names include ubiquinone and ubiquinol), is a vitamin-like substance that's in meats and seafood. Co Q10 helps cells make energy and acts as an antioxidant. But it hasn't been shown to affect blood sugar control.


Question: What is acupuncture for diabetes?

Answer: Acupuncture is a procedure where a practitioner inserts very thin needles into specific points on your skin. Some scientists say that acupuncture triggers the release of the body's natural painkillers. Acupuncture has been shown to offer relief from chronic pain and is sometimes used by people with neuropathy, the painful nerve damage that can happen with diabetes.


Question: What is ephedrine?

Answer: In 2003, ephedrine -- also known as ma huang -- became the first herbal stimulant ever banned by the FDA. It was a popular component of over-the-counter weight loss drugs. Ephedrine had some benefits, but it could cause far more harm, especially in high doses: insomnia (difficulty falling and staying asleep), high blood pressure, glaucoma, and urinary retention. This herbal supplement has also been associated with numerous cases of stroke.


Question: What is guided imagery?

Answer: Guided imagery is a relaxation technique that some professionals who use biofeedback also practice. With guided imagery, you'll think of peaceful mental images, such as ocean waves, or perhaps images of controlling or curing your disease. People using this technique say these positive images can ease their condition.


Question: What should I do if alternative therapies for diabetes cause side effects?

Answer: Stop taking the product and call your doctor right away if you: Feel queasy or throw up Have a fast heartbeat Feel more anxious, worried, or unsettled than usual Can't sleep Get diarrhea Get skin rashes


Question: How can you treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: To learn more about alternative therapies for diabetes treatment, contact the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.


Question: How does coenzyme Q10 help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Coenzyme Q10, often referred to as Co Q10 (other names include ubiquinone and ubiquinol), is a vitamin-like substance that's in meats and seafood. Co Q10 helps cells make energy and acts as an antioxidant. But it hasn't been shown to affect blood sugar control.


Question: What is anti-reflux baby formula?

Answer: As a result, acids back up into the esophagus -- the tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Babies with reflux may: Spit up Act cranky Have trouble eating Anti-reflux formulas are made especially for babies with reflux. They contain rice starch to thicken them and make them easier for babies to keep down.


Question: What are symptoms for babies who are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein in relation to specialty formula?

Answer: Soy formulas contain soy protein along with: Carbohydrates Amino acids Vitamins Minerals They're an option for babies who: Are lactose-intolerant -- meaning their bodies can't break down a sugar called lactose in cow's milk Have galactosemia -- a disorder that keeps them from breaking down a sugar called galactose in milk Are allergic to cow's milk (however, about half of babies who are allergic to cow's milk are also allergic to soy) There is no evidence that soy-based formulas can help with issues like colic or a stomach bug. A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.


Question: What is a preterm baby formula?

Answer: Special preterm formulas have the extra protein, calories, calcium, and other nutrients these babies need.


Question: What are predigested infant formulas?

Answer: A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.


Question: Why do you need a specialty infant formula?

Answer: Most infant formulas are made from modified cow's milk. Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients are added to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies the healthiest possible start in life. But there are some babies who just can't tolerate some of the ingredients in cow's milk. Or, they may have a medical condition that requires different nutrition than a regular formula can offer. If your baby can't eat regular formula, there are other options created for babies with special nutritional needs.


Question: How are corticosteroids injected into the body to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Corticosteroids can sometimes be injected directly into joints affected by RA. This is a good way to get the benefits of the drug with fewer side effects.


Question: How do corticosteroids treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: For RA, their benefit is that they suppress the overactive immune system, which curbs symptoms. Corticosteroids act throughout the body, not just on the immune system. So they're best used for a short time to control flares. This helps you avoid their side effects.


Question: What are the drawbacks of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain?

Answer: NSAIDs include: Celecoxib ( Celebrex) Diclofenac ( Cataflam, Voltaren) Etodolac ( Lodine) Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Indomethacin ( Indocin) Meloxicam ( Mobic) Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) NSAIDS have been linked to increased risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly in higher doses. Another drawback is that these drugs can upset your stomach or cause ulcers or bleeding in the stomach or intestines. Celecoxib is less likely to cause ulcers and stomach or intestinal bleeding. If you have kidney failure or heart failure, your doctor will keep a close watch on how you're doing if you take NSAIDs.


Question: What are the main types of medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are many medications you and your doctor could consider using to treat your RA pain. The main type are NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They manage pain, swelling, and stiffness.