Question: What are some of the most common conditions that affect the penis?

Answer: Some the most common conditions that affect the penis are: Priapism, a persistent, often painful erection that lasts for more than 4 hours Peyronie's disease, a condition in which a plaque, or hard lump, forms in the penis and causes it to bend or curve Balanitis, an inflammation or infection of the head of the penis Phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is so tight that it cannot be pulled back off the head of the penis Paraphimosis, which happens when the foreskin, once retracted, gets stuck behind the head and cannot return to its natural location. It is a medical emergency that can cause serious complications if not treated. Penile cancer, a rare type of cancer that starts in the skin cells of the penis.


Question: When should you call a doctor about a penis disorder?

Answer: Check with your doctor if you have: Pain, swelling, or tenderness in your penis An abnormal discharge Itchy rash, blisters, sores, or small red bumps Blood in your urine or semen An erection that lasts for 4 hours or longer A foreskin that is too tight to move


Question: What are the DMARDs used to treat  ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer: DMARDs used to treat AS include: Methotrexate Sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine) Methotrexate comes in both pills and shots you can give yourself at home.


Question: What are possible side effects from using NSAIDs for ankylosing spondilitis pain?

Answer: Unfortunately, NSAIDs can break down the barriers that protect your stomach. This can cause an upset stomach and heartburn. In time, NSAIDs can cause ulcers even if you don't have symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe another medicine to protect your stomach.


Question: How do DMARDs treat anklyosing spondilitis?

Answer: They affect your immune system and can help curb inflammation. They may help with the arthritis that can damage your back and other joints. They also may ease symptoms like joint pain and swelling. DMARDs don't work very well for inflammation in the spine.


Question: What are the symptoms of edema in a small area from infection or inflammation?

Answer: Your symptoms will depend on the amount of swelling you have and where you have it. Edema in a small area from an infection or inflammation (like a mosquito bite) may cause no symptoms. On the other hand, a large allergic reaction (such as from a bee sting) may cause edema on your entire arm that can bring pain and limit your arm's movement.


Question: What are symptoms of leg edema?

Answer: Leg edema can make the legs feel heavy. This can affect walking. In edema and heart disease, for example, the legs may easily weigh an extra 5 or 10 pounds each. Severe leg edema can interfere with blood flow, leading to ulcers on the skin.


Question: How does an edema happen?

Answer: Edema happens when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues. That extra fluid builds up, which makes the tissue swell.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by a critical illness?

Answer: Burns, life-threatening infections, or other critical illnesses can cause a reaction that allows fluid to leak into tissues almost everywhere. This can cause edema all over your body.


Question: How is leg edema treated?

Answer: Leg edema related to congestive heart failure or liver disease can be treated with a diuretic (sometimes called a ''water pill'') like furosemide ( Lasix). When you can pee more, fluid from the legs can flow back into the blood. Limiting how much sodium you eat can also help.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by pregnancy?

Answer: Mild leg edema is common during pregnancy. But serious complications of pregnancy like deep vein thrombosis and preeclampsia can also cause edema.


Question: How do you know if you have cerebral edema (brain edema)?

Answer: Head trauma , low blood sodium (called hyponatremia), high altitudes, brain tumors, and a block in fluid drainage in the brain (known as hydrocephalus) can cause cerebral edema. So can headaches, confusion, unconsciousness, and coma.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by allergic reactions?

Answer: Edema is a part of most allergic reactions. In response to the allergen, nearby blood vessels leak fluid into the affected area.


Question: How is edema treated?

Answer: For example, you might take allergy medications to treat swelling from allergies. Edema from a block in fluid drainage can sometimes be treated by getting the drainage flowing again. A blood clot in the leg is treated with blood thinners. They break down the clot and get drainage back to normal. A tumor that blocks blood or lymph can sometimes be shrunk or removed with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.


Question: What medications can cause edema?

Answer: Many medicines can cause edema, including: NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen and naproxen) Calcium channel blockers Corticosteroids (like prednisone and methylprednisolone) Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone Pramipexole When they cause swelling, usually it's mild leg edema.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by obstruction of flow?

Answer: If drainage of fluid from a part of your body is blocked, fluid can back up. A blood clot in the deep veins of your leg can cause leg edema. A tumor blocking the flow of blood or another fluid called lymph can cause edema.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by kidney disease?

Answer: A kidney condition called nephrotic syndrome can cause severe leg edema and sometimes whole-body edema.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by liver disease?

Answer: Severe liver disease, such as cirrhosis, causes you to retain fluid. Cirrhosis also leads to low levels of albumin and other proteins in your blood. Fluid leaks into the abdomen and can also cause leg edema.


Question: What should you do if your at-home test finds colon cancer?

Answer: You should get a colonoscopy test if you have any of these risk factors: A family history of colon cancer A previous diagnosis Related diseases of the colon and rectum During a colonoscopy, your doctor will use a flexible tube and small camera to look at the lining of your colon.


Question: What does Cologuard for screening colon cancer do?

Answer: It determines if there's blood in your stool -- a common sign of colon cancer or of precancerous polyps (abnormal growths of tissue). The lab workers will also look for DNA cell changes linked to cancer. Colon cancer is preventable if pre-cancerous polyps are found and removed.


Question: What are the symptoms of neuropathic pain?

Answer: But some common causes of neuropathic pain include: Alcoholism Amputation Chemotherapy Diabetes Facial nerve problems HIV infection or AIDS Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Nerve or spinal cord compression from herniated discs or from arthritis in the spine Shingles Spine surgery Syphilis Thyroid problems Neuropathic pain symptoms may include: Shooting and burning pain Tingling and numbness To diagnose neuropathic pain, a doctor will conduct an interview and physical exam.


Question: What causes neuropathic pain?

Answer: But some common causes of neuropathic pain include: Alcoholism Amputation Chemotherapy Diabetes Facial nerve problems HIV infection or AIDS Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Nerve or spinal cord compression from herniated discs or from arthritis in the spine Shingles Spine surgery Syphilis Thyroid problems Neuropathic pain symptoms may include: Shooting and burning pain Tingling and numbness To diagnose neuropathic pain, a doctor will conduct an interview and physical exam.


Question: How effective are treatments for neuropathic pain?

Answer: Some of these include: Physical therapy Working with a counselor Relaxation therapy Massage therapy Acupuncture Unfortunately, neuropathic pain often responds poorly to standard pain treatments and occasionally may get worse instead of better over time. For some people, it can lead to serious disability. A multidisciplinary approach that combines therapies, however, can be a very effective way to provide relief from neuropathic pain.


Question: How is neuropathic pain diagnosed?

Answer: But some common causes of neuropathic pain include: Alcoholism Amputation Chemotherapy Diabetes Facial nerve problems HIV infection or AIDS Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Nerve or spinal cord compression from herniated discs or from arthritis in the spine Shingles Spine surgery Syphilis Thyroid problems Neuropathic pain symptoms may include: Shooting and burning pain Tingling and numbness To diagnose neuropathic pain, a doctor will conduct an interview and physical exam. He or she may ask questions about how you would describe your pain, when the pain occurs, or whether anything specific triggers the pain. The doctor will also ask about your risk factors for neuropathic pain and may also request both blood and nerve tests.


Question: How can obesity affect your health?

Answer: Obesity can help explain some conditions you may have, such as: High blood pressure Heart disease and stroke Type 2 diabetes High cholesterol Joint problems caused by extra weight Trouble breathing, including sleep apnea, in which you briefly stop breathing while you're asleep Gallstones The good news is that you can take steps to lose weight.


Question: What are injections for treating scars?

Answer: You may get steroid injections to treat scars that stick out, such as keloids or hypertrophic scars. Your doctor may use this on its own or with other treatments. Other types of injections, such as collagen or other "fillers," may be useful for some types of pitted scarring, although these are not usually permanent solutions.


Question: Does insurance coverage apply to scar treatments?

Answer: If your scar physically impairs you in any way, you may be able to get coverage from your health insurer. Ask your doctor to write a letter detailing your particular case.


Question: What are contracture scars?

Answer: If your skin has been burned, you may have a contracture scar. These scars tighten skin, which can impair your ability to move. Contracture scars may also go deeper, affecting muscles and nerves.


Question: How does scarring happen?

Answer: Scarring is a natural part of the healing process after an injury. Its appearance and its treatment depend on multiple factors.


Question: Who gets community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)?

Answer: CA- MRSA skin infections have been identified among certain populations that share close quarters or have more skin-to-skin contact. Examples are team athletes, military recruits, prison inmates, and children in daycare. But more and more CA- MRSA infections are being seen in the general community, especially in certain geographic regions. CA- MRSA is also more likely to affect younger people. In a study of Minnesotans published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68.


Question: How is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) spread?

Answer: MRSA is spread by contact. So, you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or you could get it by touching objects that have the bacteria on them. MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.


Question: What is community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)?

Answer: Community- Associated MRSA ( CA- MRSA) Alarmingly, MRSA is also showing up in healthy people who have not been hospitalized. This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA, or CA- MRSA.


Question: How are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) usually treated?

Answer: But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it. MRSA was first discovered in 1961. It's now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and other common antibiotics known as cephalosporins. While some antibiotics still work, MRSA is constantly adapting. Researchers developing new antibiotics are having a tough time keeping up.


Question: How common are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections?

Answer: MRSA infections are common among people who have weak immune systems who are in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care centers. Infections can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes. According to the CDC, invasive MRSA infections that began in hospitals declined 8% between 2011 and 2013.


Question: What are the risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Other medical conditions linked to RLS include: Parkinson's disease Varicose veins Some tumors Fibromyalgia Hyper- or hypothyroidism (over- or underactive thyroid glands) Pregnancy Cigarette smoking Vitamin and mineral deficiency, such as magnesium deficiency and vitamin B-12 deficiency Severe kidney disease and uremia (kidney failure causing build up of toxins within the body) Amyloidosis (build-up of a starch-like substance in the body's tissues and organs) Lyme disease Damage to spinal nerves Rheumatoid arthritis and SjÃ¶gren syndrome Certain medications or substances, such as: Alcohol Caffeine Anticonvulsant drugs (such as Dilantin) Antidepressant drugs (including amitriptyline, Paxil) Beta-blockers (drugs often used to treat high blood pressure) Antipsychotics Withdrawal from certain drugs, such as vasodilator drugs (for example, Apresoline), sedatives, or antidepressants (for example, Tofranil) In many cases, RLS seems to run in families. People with a genetic link to RLS tend to get the condition earlier in life.


Question: What medical conditions have been linked to restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Many different medical conditions have been linked to RLS. The two most common conditions are iron-deficiency anemia (low blood count) and peripheral neuropathy (damage to the nerves of the arms and legs, often caused by underlying conditions such as diabetes).


Question: What other medical conditions have been linked to restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Many different medical conditions have been linked to RLS. The two most common conditions are iron-deficiency anemia (low blood count) and peripheral neuropathy (damage to the nerves of the arms and legs, often caused by underlying conditions such as diabetes). Other medical conditions linked to RLS include: Parkinson's disease Varicose veins Some tumors Fibromyalgia Hyper- or hypothyroidism (over- or underactive thyroid glands) Pregnancy Cigarette smoking Vitamin and mineral deficiency, such as magnesium deficiency and vitamin B-12 deficiency Severe kidney disease and uremia (kidney failure causing build up of toxins within the body) Amyloidosis (build-up of a starch-like substance in the body's tissues and organs) Lyme disease Damage to spinal nerves Rheumatoid arthritis and SjÃ¶gren syndrome Certain medications or substances, such as: Alcohol Caffeine Anticonvulsant drugs (such as Dilantin) Antidepressant drugs (including amitriptyline, Paxil) Beta-blockers (drugs often used to treat high blood pressure) Antipsychotics Withdrawal from certain drugs, such as vasodilator drugs (for example, Apresoline), sedatives, or antidepressants (for example, Tofranil) In many cases, RLS seems to run in families.


Question: How does a pulmonary function test help diagnose farmer's lung?

Answer: Other things your doctor can do to find out if you have farmer's lung include: Pulmonary function test: This measures how much air you inhale and exhale.


Question: Is there a cure for farmer's lung?

Answer: Lung biopsy: If your doctor thinks you might have farmer's lung but can't be sure, he may want to take a sample of your lung tissue and send it to a lab for tests. You'll probably be given medicine to sleep through this as well. There's no cure for farmer's lung, but you can control it by staying away from the allergen that causes your symptoms. You might: Work outside as much as possible Avoid dusty work Wear a mask or other protective equipment Use fans, filters, or exhaust blowers wherever you can Steroid drugs like prednisone ( Deltasone, Orasone, Meticorten) can help with your symptoms because they can slow down your immune system and help with inflammation.


Question: How does a bronchoscopy help diagnose farmer's lung?

Answer: Bronchoscopy: Your doctor uses a device called a bronchoscope to look at your airways and lungs and collect a sample of fluid for testing. You'll be given medicine to make you sleep through this.


Question: How is farmer's lung diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor can give you a blood test to look for certain things that trigger your immune system (called antigens) or order a chest X-ray to look for signs that you've had acute attacks. Other things your doctor can do to find out if you have farmer's lung include: Pulmonary function test: This measures how much air you inhale and exhale.


Question: How can oxygen therapy treat farmer's lung?

Answer: In addition to recommending that you avoid your triggers, your doctor may also recommend bed rest or oxygen therapy, which involves getting extra oxygen through tubes in your nose or a mask, to help you feel better.


Question: How can steroids help treat farmer's lung?

Answer: You might: Work outside as much as possible Avoid dusty work Wear a mask or other protective equipment Use fans, filters, or exhaust blowers wherever you can Steroid drugs like prednisone ( Deltasone, Orasone, Meticorten) can help with your symptoms because they can slow down your immune system and help with inflammation. Your doctor may only prescribe these if you have a chronic case, though.


Question: What is a sub-acute attack of a farmer's lung?

Answer: Symptoms include: Dry irritating cough Fever and chills Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath Sudden feeling that you're sick A sub-acute attack is less intense and comes on more slowly than an acute attack. Symptoms include: Achy muscles and joints Coughing Mild fever with some chills No appetite Shortness of breath Weight loss You may mistake acute or sub-acute farmer's lung for the flu, because many of the symptoms are the same.


Question: Should you call your doctor if you snore and also are sleepy during the day?

Answer: You are frequently overly sleepy and tired during the day. You could have obstructive sleep apnea, a serious condition preventing you from getting enough oxygen during sleep.


Question: Can hormone therapy help treat endometriosis pain?

Answer: This type of treatment may be a good choice if pain medicines don't help enough. Doctors can prescribe medicines that cut down on how much estrogen your body makes. There are also hormonal meds that can prevent your menstrual period and make areas affected by endometriosis bleed less. That cuts down on inflammation and makes scars and ovarian cysts less likely.


Question: Can aromatase inhibitors help treat endometriosis pain?

Answer: Aromatase inhibitors block it, which lowers your estrogen level. These medicines aren't routinely used to treat endometriosis. But in some cases, doctors recommend it "off label" in addition to hormonal therapy to manage endometriosis pain, as long as you aren't planning to get pregnant while on this treatment.


Question: What does yellow poop mean?

Answer: This shade is also normal for many people. It's common for babies, especially those who breastfeed. But if you have yellow poop that looks greasy and smells very bad, it may have too much fat. That could be a sign your body isn't digesting food properly. For example, if you have celiac disease, your body can't handle a protein called gluten, which is in wheat, barley, and rye. If you have the condition and eat foods that have gluten, like many breads, pastas, and cookies, your intestines won't work as they should. There may be other causes of yellow poop that's greasy and smelly. If it happens to you often, tell your doctor.


Question: What are some surgeries to treat trichiasis?

Answer: To clear up wrong-way eyelashes for good, your doctor may suggest surgery. Options include: Ablation. This normally takes place in an office or clinic. Your doctor numbs your eye. He then uses lasers to remove lashes and hair follicles. Electrolysis. Your doctor removes the lashes with electricity. Cryosurgery. The doctor removes the lashes and follicles by freezing them.


Question: What is the treatment for trichiasis?

Answer: There are many ways to treat trichiasis. Your doctor may use little forceps to pluck out the pesky lashes. This is the most common way to treat it. He'll numb your eyeball with drops and pull the lash out of its follicle. It usually comes out easily and doesn't hurt. You may need artificial teardrops for a couple of days. Your lashes will grow back in 3 to 5 months, but there's still a chance they'll come in the wrong way.


Question: What is trichiasis?

Answer: They can rub against your eyeball and cause problems.


Question: How do I get rid of trichiasis for good?

Answer: To clear up wrong-way eyelashes for good, your doctor may suggest surgery. Options include: Ablation. This normally takes place in an office or clinic. Your doctor numbs your eye. He then uses lasers to remove lashes and hair follicles. Electrolysis. Your doctor removes the lashes with electricity. Cryosurgery. The doctor removes the lashes and follicles by freezing them. Talk to your eye doctor about the best treatment for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of trichiasis?

Answer: It might be red, sensitive to light, hurt, or tear up easily. You may have blurred vision. Or, you might have no symptoms. Eyelashes that brush up against your cornea -- the clear, front part of your eye -- for a long time could cause eye irritation or a more serious condition on the surface of your eye. That can lead to infection and scarring. It could even affect your eyesight.


Question: What causes leukemia?

Answer: People who have it have certain abnormal chromosomes, but the chromosomes don't cause the leukemia. You can't really prevent leukemia, but it may be possible that certain things in your environment could trigger the development of it. For example, if you are a tobacco smoker, you are more prone to some types of leukemia than a nonsmoker. It's also associated with a high amount of radiation exposure and certain chemicals. Some kinds of chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat other cancers can actually cause leukemia. The chance that you'll develop leukemia depends on the types of chemotherapy drugs used. Family history is another risk factor for leukemia. For example, if an identical twin gets a certain type of leukemia, there is a 20% chance the other twin will have it within a year.


Question: How is radiation used to treat leukemia?

Answer: You can get the medicine: Through an injection into a vein or muscle As a pill Into the fluid around your spinal cord Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to kill leukemia cells or keep them from growing. You can get it in only one part of your body where there are a lot of cancer cells, or all over.


Question: How is leukemia treated?

Answer: The treatment you get depends on the type of leukemia you have, how far it has spread, and how healthy you are.


Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat leukemia?

Answer: But the main options are: Chemotherapy Radiation Biologic therapy Targeted therapy Stem cell transplant Surgery Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells in your blood and bone marrow. You can get the medicine: Through an injection into a vein or muscle As a pill Into the fluid around your spinal cord Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to kill leukemia cells or keep them from growing.


Question: How is leukemia grouped?

Answer: Leukemia is grouped in two ways: How fast it develops and gets worse Which type of blood cell is involved (usually myeloid or lymphoid) These types are then put into one of two categories: acute or chronic. Acute leukemia happens when most of the abnormal blood cells stay immature and can't carry out normal functions. It can get bad very fast. Chronic leukemia happens when there are some immature cells, but others are normal and can function normally. That means it gets bad, but more slowly.


Question: How is surgery used to treat leukemia?

Answer: Your doctor can remove your spleen if it is filled with cancer cells and is pressing on nearby organs. This procedure is called splenectomy.


Question: Can certain conditions make you prone to sore throats?

Answer: If you smoke, stop. Nonsmokers should avoid secondhand smoke. Also, take these steps to steer clear of colds and the flu, which often bring on sore throats: Stay away from people who are sick.


Question: How can I prevent sore throats from a cold or flu?

Answer: Also, take these steps to steer clear of colds and the flu, which often bring on sore throats: Stay away from people who are sick. Wash your hands often. Don't share food, drink, or utensils. Keep your hands away from your eyes and face. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Drink lots of fluids.


Question: Can smoking cause a sore throat?

Answer: Here are some ways to avoid getting that raw, scratchy, burning feeling at the back of your throat. If you smoke, stop. Nonsmokers should avoid secondhand smoke.


Question: What is radiation for melanoma?

Answer: A specialist will zap the area with high-energy rays, which kill cancer cells. It's like getting an X-ray, but the dose is stronger.


Question: How long is it normal for side effects of melanoma treatment to last?

Answer: Infection Feeling tired Feeling sick to your stomach Constipation or diarrhea Anxiety or depression The side effects you have depend on the stage of your disease, how much treatment you get and how long it takes, and your general health. Some of them can last for a while after you finish treatment. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any side effects, even if you think they're no big deal. There are almost always ways to control them so you'll feel better.


Question: Can melanoma return after successful treatment?

Answer: Melanoma can come back after treatment. It can show up where it was before, or it can start on other places on your skin or in an organ inside your body like your liver. Your doctor will want to watch you closely for signs that the disease has returned, so it's important to keep your appointments for checkups.


Question: What are clinical trials for melanoma?

Answer: But they have to test them and compare how they work to current therapies before they become available for everyone. They do this in research studies called clinical trials.


Question: How do I treat an inflamed eyelid?

Answer: Wash hands with warm, soapy water. With the person's eyes closed, clean the eyelids with diluted baby shampoo, using a clean cotton ball for each eye. Rinse with cool water and pat dry with a clean towel. Repeat this process twice daily. The person should avoid wearing contact lenses until the condition improves.


Question: How do I treat eyelid inflammation?

Answer: If the person seeks medical help, the health care provider will do an eye exam and may do some tests. Treatment will depend on the cause of inflammation. If infection is the cause, the health care provider will prescribe an antibiotic ointment.


Question: Are sterols and stanols good for heart health?

Answer: Find these in foods like nuts and grains, or you can buy them as supplements. They reduce the amount of cholesterol that your body absorbs from food. They're also added to many foods, such as some margarines, orange juice, and yogurts. Experts recommend 2 grams a day to help lower LDL cholesterol for people who have high cholesterol.


Question: Where do you get yeast infections?

Answer: Did you know that yeast infections can happen anywhere in the body, including your mouth and skin? They can also get into your blood.


Question: What medications can cause yeast infections?

Answer: If you use broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline or amoxicillin to fight off another infection, these antibiotics can also kill off the healthy bacteria that keep the yeast in check. Corticosteroids.


Question: How can clothing cause yeast infections?

Answer: Wearing underwear (or tight jeans or a wet swimsuit) that doesn't breathe can increase body heat and moisture in the vagina. This creates conditions yeast likes to grow in. Choose underwear with a cotton crotch, and change out of swimsuits and workout clothes as soon as possible.


Question: How can douches and vaginal spray cause yeast infections?

Answer: Some products can change the acidity level in your vagina. That encourages the growth of yeast and can remove the helpful bacteria that keep yeast at bay.


Question: What causes Bartholinâs gland cysts?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure why the glands sometimes become blocked. In rare cases, it may be due to a sexually transmitted infection ( STI) like gonorrhea or chlamydia.


Question: How are Bartholinâs gland cysts diagnosed?

Answer: He'll also likely take a sample of your vaginal discharge and look at it under a microscope. This will reveal whether you have an STI. If you have an abscess, he'll take a culture of it and send it to a lab. If you're over 40, he may do a biopsy (sample of tissue from the cyst) to rule out vulvar cancer. That's a disease that affects the lips that surround your vagina.


Question: What are symptoms of Bartholinâs gland cysts?

Answer: You may not have any, unless the cyst is large or becomes infected. If infection sets in (doctors call this an âabscessâ), you'll likely have extreme pain at the site of the cyst. Sex -- and even walking -- may hurt. If the cyst is large, it can make one side of your labia majora (the large folds of skin on the outside of your vagina) hang lower than the other. You might also have fever and an unusual vaginal discharge.


Question: How does coconut oil treat psoriasis symptoms?

Answer: It can: Moisturize Help with inflammation Kill bacteria When you put VCO on your skin, it can help hold in moisture, ease redness and swelling, and keep certain bacteria from growing. Studies show VCO can help with symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis), a skin condition that looks a lot like psoriasis. Eczema and psoriasis share many of the same symptoms and even have some of the same triggers. Psoriasis scales tend to be thicker than patches of eczema, but both need moisturizing treatment to help with dryness, scaling, and itching. So even though they're different conditions, VCO can help with both.


Question: Are there different types of coconut oil?

Answer: It has two forms: refined and unrefined or virgin. Refined coconut oil comes from dried coconut. The oil is taken out under high heat and then goes through a bleaching and deodorizing process. It doesn't smell like coconut -- it has a neutral odor. In the kitchen, you can use it for sautÃ©ing, stir-frying, and baking. Unrefined coconut oil comes from fresh coconut fruit. The process doesn't involve high temperatures, which is why you might see it called "cold-pressed." Virgin coconut oil smells like coconuts. You can use it to bake and cook, just like refined coconut oil, but it's best for dishes cooked at lower temperatures.


Question: What is HDL cholesterol?

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Question: What are healthy fats?

Answer: The healthier choices are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. You'll find these in plants, nuts, and fish like salmon or tuna. And, like everything you eat, keep your portion sizes small. Fats pack a lot of calories in small amounts.


Question: Does alcohol affect my cholesterol?

Answer: Drinking moderate amounts of alcohol is linked to higher HDL levels. If you don't drink now, check with your doctor before you start, since alcohol has some risks not related to cholesterol.


Question: How common is urinary incontinence?

Answer: Urinary incontinence -- when you accidentally leak urine -- is a problem that affects millions of Americans, most of them women.


Question: Which conditions can lead to urge incontinence?

Answer: Causes of overactive bladder include: Damage to the bladder's nerves Damage to other parts of the nervous system Damage to muscles Aging Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and stroke can affect nerves, leading to urge incontinence. Bladder problems, such as infections and bladder stones, and certain medications can also cause it.


Question: How can a catheter help with treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: Some people use a catheter to make sure their bladder is emptied. It's a thin plastic tube that you insert in your urethra. A doctor or nurse can teach you how to insert it for yourself.


Question: What is mixed urinary incontinence?

Answer: This means you have any two types of the condition. Many women have both stress and urge incontinence.


Question: How long is the MRI exam for prostate cancer?

Answer: In most cases, the procedure takes 45 to 60 minutes, during which several dozen images may be taken.


Question: How can a walking aid help with knee pain?

Answer: A crutch or cane can take the stress off of your knee. Knee splints and braces can also help you stay stable.


Question: How can acupuncture help with knee pain?

Answer: This form of traditional Chinese medicine, which involves inserting fine needles at certain points on the body, is widely used to relieve many types of pain and may help knee pain.


Question: What are the blood sugar goals for people with diabetes?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association's goals for blood sugar control in people with diabetes are 70 to 130 mg/d L before meals, and less than 180 mg/d L after meals.


Question: What are normal blood sugar levels?

Answer: They're less than 100 mg/d L after not eating (fasting) for at least 8 hours. And they're less than 140 mg/d L 2 hours after eating. During the day, levels tend to be at their lowest just before meals. For most people without diabetes, blood sugar levels before meals hover around 70 to 80 mg/d L. For some people, 60 is normal; for others, 90.


Question: How many people have prediabetes in the U.S. and what are its risks?

Answer: According to the American Diabetes Association, 86 million people in the U. S. have this condition, which can lead to diabetes if you don't make healthy lifestyle changes that your doctor recommends. It also raises the risk for heart disease, although not as much as diabetes does. It's possible to keep prediabetes from becoming diabetes with diet and exercise.


Question: Can high blood sugar be bad for you?

Answer: When you have diabetes, your blood sugar (aka blood glucose) levels may be consistently high. Over time, this can damage your body and lead to many other problems.


Question: Why are high blood sugar levels bad for you?

Answer: High sugar levels slowly erode the ability of cells in your pancreas to make insulin. The organ overcompensates and insulin levels stay too high. Over time, the pancreas is permanently damaged. High levels of blood sugar can cause changes that lead to a hardening of the blood vessels, what doctors call atherosclerosis.


Question: What is a low blood sugar level?

Answer: What's a low sugar level? It varies widely, too. Many people's glucose won't ever fall below 60, even with prolonged fasting. When you diet or fast, the liver keeps your levels normal by turning fat and muscle into sugar. A few people's levels may fall somewhat lower.


Question: How common is high blood sugar?

Answer: According to the American Diabetes Association, 86 million people in the U. S. have this condition, which can lead to diabetes if you don't make healthy lifestyle changes that your doctor recommends. It also raises the risk for heart disease, although not as much as diabetes does. It's possible to keep prediabetes from becoming diabetes with diet and exercise.


Question: What is a low sugar level?

Answer: What's a low sugar level? It varies widely, too. Many people's glucose won't ever fall below 60, even with prolonged fasting. When you diet or fast, the liver keeps your levels normal by turning fat and muscle into sugar. A few people's levels may fall somewhat lower.


Question: What problems can happen if you have high blood sugar?

Answer: Almost any part of your body can be harmed by too much sugar. Damaged blood vessels cause problems such as: Kidney disease or kidney failure, requiring dialysis Strokes Heart attacks Vision loss or blindness Weakened immune system, with a greater risk of infections Erectile dysfunction Nerve damage, also called neuropathy, that causes tingling, pain, or less sensation in your feet, legs, and hands Poor circulation to the legs and feet Slow wound-healing and the potential for amputation in rare cases Keep your blood sugar levels close to normal to avoid many of these complications.


Question: What are common signs of high-output heart failure?

Answer: They can include: Shortness of breath Tiredness or weakness Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen Lasting cough or wheezing Fast or irregular heartbeat Dizziness Confusion Having to go to the bathroom more often at night Nausea Lack of appetite To figure out if you have heart failure, your doctor will: Examine you Ask about your medical history Run some tests Those tests might include: Blood tests: Abnormal levels of important substances can show strain to organs due to heart failure.


Question: How will your doctor figure out if you have high-output heart failure?

Answer: They can include: Shortness of breath Tiredness or weakness Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen Lasting cough or wheezing Fast or irregular heartbeat Dizziness Confusion Having to go to the bathroom more often at night Nausea Lack of appetite To figure out if you have heart failure, your doctor will: Examine you Ask about your medical history Run some tests Those tests might include: Blood tests: Abnormal levels of important substances can show strain to organs due to heart failure.


Question: What causes high-output heart failure?

Answer: The things that lead to high-output heart failure are different from what brings other types of the condition. Many disorders make you need more blood to keep your organs working well. They include: Obesity Liver disease Anemia Hyperthyroidism Pregnancy Lung disease Septic shock Paget's disease Arteriovenous fistula Beriberi heart disease Common signs of high-output heart failure are similar to those of other types.


Question: What should I expect on the 3rd day after my hip replacement surgery?

Answer: 3 Days After Hip Replacement Surgery Walking will likely be easier. You may be able to walk to the bathroom without help. You will be discharged from the hospital if you are doing well. Some people stay longer if they have complications. Depending on your situation, you may go straight home or to a rehab facility, where you'll recover.


Question: What should you expect during your hip replacement surgery?

Answer: Day of Your Hip Replacement Surgery You'll check in several hours before your scheduled surgery. Expect to stay for 3 to 4 days. The procedure will probably last about 2 to 3 hours. Recovery from anesthesia will probably take about 2 hours. Once you're fully awake, you'll go to your hospital room. You will likely stick to a liquid diet for the rest of the day. You will need medication to help with pain and to prevent infection and blood clots.


Question: How long do the effects of teeth whitening last?

Answer: Teeth whitening is not permanent. People who expose their teeth to foods and beverages that cause staining may see the whiteness start to fade in as little as one month. Those who avoid foods and beverages that stain may be able to wait one year or longer before another whitening treatment or touch-up is needed.


Question: Do teeth whiteners damage a tooth's nerve?

Answer: There's no evidence to date that the teeth whitening process has a harmful effect on the health of a tooth's nerve. One study reported that at both a 4.5- and 7-year follow up, no individual who used a teeth whitening system needed a root canal procedure on any teeth that had been whitened.


Question: Do teeth whiteners damage existing dental restorations?

Answer: The issue is not "damage" to existing restorations; rather, keep in mind that existing restorations such as tooth-colored fillings, crowns, bonding, veneers, and bridges do not lighten. This means that any pre-existing dental work may need to be replaced to match the new tooth shade achieved in the natural teeth, should a bleaching process proceed. 5. Do teeth whiteners damage a tooth's nerve?


Question: How can I fairly discipline my child with ADHD?

Answer: Whether your child with ADHD is young or a teen, you can show them you're firm but fair (and fun) by doing two key things. Encourage good behavior with praise or rewards immediately. Make consequences for bad behavior clear, understood, and consistent. Your approach will depend on your child's age.


Question: How can a daily home schedule help a preschooler with ADHD?

Answer: Have a routine. Let your child know if it's changing or if something unusual is going to happen, like a visit from a relative or a vacation.


Question: How can I encourage good behavior at home for a preschooler with ADHD?

Answer: Set rules and expectations. It's best to do this right before an activity or situation. Use rewards. If your child does something you're proud of, give him a gold star, or give him time for his favorite hobby. Try not to use money, food, or candy for rewards.


Question: What should parents do when they feel overwhelmed with teaching their kids with ADHD to behave?

Answer: All parents find themselves frustrated at times, and raising a child with ADHD has its own set of challenges. It's natural to have needs and questions. When you're feeling overwhelmed, talk to someone about it. Look for a support group, or see a mental health professional to help you deal with your emotions and reactions so you can be a more effective parent. Family counseling may help, too.


Question: How do timers help children under age five behave?

Answer: Some parents find this helps build structure. For example, set a reasonable time limit for a bath or playtime. It helps train your child to expect limitations, even on fun things. Give your child a time limit for doing a chore, too, especially if you reward her for finishing on time.


Question: How does being engaging  help children under age five behave?

Answer: Engage your child with mind-building activities, such as reading, games, and puzzles.


Question: How does talking to teachers help children between the ages of six and 12 behave?

Answer: Talk regularly with your child's teachers, so you can deal with any behavior concerns before they become a major problem.


Question: How does being predictable help teens behave?

Answer: Be consistent and fair with how you act. That way, your teen knows what to expect from you.


Question: How does talking with teachers help teens behave?

Answer: Talk with your child, too. Make a plan to deal with it, together.


Question: How do instructions help children between the ages of six and 12 behave?

Answer: Explain and instruct. Give clear instructions for tasks. If a chore is hard or lengthy, break it down into steps that can be done one at a time.


Question: Is it normal to feel frustrated with my child with ADHD and how can I deal with it?

Answer: All parents find themselves frustrated at times, and raising a child with ADHD has its own set of challenges. It's natural to have needs and questions. When you're feeling overwhelmed, talk to someone about it. Look for a support group, or see a mental health professional to help you deal with your emotions and reactions so you can be a more effective parent. Family counseling may help, too.


Question: How can my behavior help my teenager with ADHD?

Answer: Be predictable. Be consistent and fair with how you act. That way, your teen knows what to expect from you. Set a good example. Teens don't always show it, but the adults in their lives are very influential and important to them.


Question: What are situational phobias?

Answer: Situational phobias: These involve a fear of specific situations, such as flying, riding in a car or on public transportation, driving, going over bridges or in tunnels, or of being in a closed-in place, like an elevator.


Question: What are blood injection/injury phobias?

Answer: Blood-injection-injury phobias: These involve a fear of being injured, of seeing blood or of invasive medical procedures, such as blood tests or injections Other phobias: These include a fear of falling down, a fear of loud sounds, and a fear of costumed characters, such as clowns.


Question: What are the treatments for specific phobias?

Answer: Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, may also help reduce anxiety symptoms. For most people, specific phobias can be successfully treated with therapy, medication, or a combination of both.


Question: What are natural environment phobias?

Answer: Natural environment phobias: Examples include the fear of storms, heights, or water.


Question: What non-drug treatments can help with treating bipolar disorder?

Answer: Non-drug treatments, such as psychotherapy and establishing a well-ordered routine, may help patients in their maintenance phase. This is often suggested along with medication, but non-drug treatments are usually not effective alone.


Question: What medications are used to treat bipolar depression?

Answer: For depressed bipolar patients who don't respond to mood stabilizers alone, or to FDA-approved medications for bipolar depression, doctors sometimes prescribe a mood stabilizer plus a traditional antidepressant -- often either buproprion ( Wellbutrin) or an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) such as fluoxetine ( Prozac) or sertraline ( Zoloft), although the effectiveness of antidepressants has not been proven for bipolar depression.


Question: What Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drugs are approved for the treatment of bipolar depression?

Answer: Three drugs are FDA-approved for the treatment of bipolar depression: quetiapine ( Seroquel) by itself, olanzapine ( Zyprexa) when used with fluoxetine ( Prozac) (which also comes as a combination pill called Symbyax), and lurasidone ( Latuda) used alone or with lithium or valproate ( Depakote). The atypical antipsychotic drug caripirazine ( Vraylar) has also shown promise in initial studies to treat bipolar depression.


Question: What will happen if your mania occurs while you are on maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder?

Answer: If mania occurs while you are on maintenance therapy, your doctor may simply change your medication dose. Or you may start taking an antipsychotic drug or a second mood stabilizer to lessen symptoms. Also antidepressants should usually be discontinued while someone is manic, because they can worsen the symptoms of mania.


Question: How do people respond to medications for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Many people respond well to medications for bipolar disorder. For many others, the symptoms do not completely disappear despite therapy. The mood symptoms may become less intense and more manageable, however. Remember, getting your diagnosis should come as a relief. Now you know what the problem has been and you're on the road to getting the right treatment.


Question: How can electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) help with treating bipolar depression?

Answer: If all else fails, or if symptoms are especially severe, doctors may recommend electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT). It helps nearly 75% of the patients who are given this treatment. Two treatments called vagus nerve stimulation ( VNS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r TMS) are also being studied as a treatment for bipolar depression.


Question: When should tongue-tie in babies be treated?

Answer: The doctor will: Ask how feeding is going Check your child's tongue, mouth, and teeth Use a tongue depressor, which is like a big popsicle stick, to look under your child's tongue and check the range of motion The doctor may ask older kids to move their tongue around and make certain sounds, like of an r or l. Not all doctors agree on this. Some say to take care of it right away to ward off any issues. Others think it's better to wait. That's because it might not cause any problems or may loosen up over time. There's no way to know for sure what'll happen.


Question: How can you manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain?

Answer: Start with these eight ideas: Take your pain medication on a schedule and as prescribed. Don't wait until you are in more pain and have to play "catch-up." Use a warm, moist compress to loosen up a stiff joint. Try an ice pack on an inflamed joint. Massage may also help. These tried-and-true treatments are easy and can provide some quick relief for mild symptoms. Make it a priority every day to relax. If you need ideas for healthy ways to manage stress, ask your doctor or a counselor. You may want to try meditation, too. Focus on things you enjoy. Join a support group. It's a great place to talk with people who know what you are going through because they are, too. Exercise. It will make your joints feel better, not worse. Even if you're in pain, there are some exercises you can do. Talk to your doctor or a physical therapist about what's best for you. Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Don't turn to âcomfort food,â cigarettes, or alcohol. Consider talking to a counselor. These professionals are a great source of support. They can help you look for new solutions to make your life better.


Question: What are the 11 signs of lupus?

Answer: Your doctor may say you have lupus if you have at least four of 11 signs of the disease that are laid out by experts at the American College of Rheumatology: Butterfly-shaped rash Raised red patches on your skin You're sensitive to light Ulcers in your mouth or nose Arthritis in two or more joints, plus swelling or tenderness Inflammation in the lining of your heart or lungs Seizures or other nerve problems Too much protein in your urine Low blood cell counts Certain antibodies in your blood Results from a blood test called an ANA test that suggest you may have too many "antinuclear" antibodies, which could be a sign of lupus To check if you have psoriatic arthritis, you may need to get certain tests like X-rays to look at changes in your bones or joints, and blood tests that check for inflammation.


Question: What are some symptoms of lupus?

Answer: Some things you may notice if you have lupus are: A rash shaped like a butterfly that covers your nose and cheeks You feel tired Pain, stiffness, or swelling in your joints Fever Sensitivity to sun or light that causes skin lesions White or blue color in your fingers and toes when you're in the cold or feel stressed Headaches or chest pain Ulcers in your mouth or nose Hair loss Low numbers of blood cells (anemia) Swelling in your hands, feet, or legs Like lupus, your symptoms sometimes get better and sometimes flare up.


Question: How does lupus affect people differently?

Answer: Lupus affects everybody differently. The way you feel may not be the same as your friend who also has the disease. Most folks will get flares, which means the condition gets worse at certain times and then gets better. The symptoms can come on slowly or suddenly, and can be permanent or temporary.


Question: What can trigger lupus?

Answer: Experts don't know the exact cause of lupus. They think it may be related to genes that put you at risk for lupus and things you come into contact with that trigger the disease. Some of those triggers are: Sunlight Infections Medications like blood pressure or anti-seizure drugs Psoriatic arthritis can happen if you have psoriasis, a condition that causes your skin to get red patches and silvery scales.


Question: What causes psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Some of those triggers are: Sunlight Infections Medications like blood pressure or anti-seizure drugs Psoriatic arthritis can happen if you have psoriasis, a condition that causes your skin to get red patches and silvery scales. Sometimes people get psoriasis first and then have psoriatic arthritis later, but others get the arthritis symptoms first. Like lupus, psoriatic arthritis happens when your immune system attacks your healthy cells and tissues. This causes your joints to get inflamed and your skin to make too many cells. It's not clear what causes the immune system to attack your body when you have psoriatic arthritis, but just like lupus, it's likely that genes and triggers play a role.


Question: What causes lupus?

Answer: If you have psoriatic arthritis you may get problems like: Severe swelling in your fingers or toes Foot pain, often at the bottom or the heel Pain in your lower back Scaly patches on your skin that flake Pitted or discolored nails It starts when your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- attacks your own organs and tissues. The disease causes inflammation and can affect different parts of your body, including your heart, skin, brain, and blood cells.


Question: How are psoriatic arthritis and lupus similar?

Answer: If you've got pain and swelling in your joints, it could be a sign of either disease.


Question: How can I practice deep breathing?

Answer: Sit in a chair with your feet flat on the floor. Then close your eyes and focus on your breathing. Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose, filling up your lungs. Hold for a few seconds. Exhale slowly through your mouth. Let all the air out of your lungs like you're letting air out of a balloon. Repeat many times.


Question: How can hobbies help alleviate stress for people with diabetes?

Answer: Fight stress by forgetting about it. Lose yourself in a favorite pastime. Do something that relaxes you, like reading or painting.


Question: How can exercise help alleviate stress for people with diabetes?

Answer: Exercise. Think about what kinds of exercise help you relieve stress. For some people, running and hard-hitting sports push away their worries. For others, taking a quiet walk or a bike ride is calming. Exercise doesn't just help you fight stress. It can lower your blood pressure and help you lose any extra pounds. Talk with your doctor before you start a new exercise program. Ask what type of exercise might be best for you.


Question: Can stress affect my diabetes?

Answer: Manage Diabetes With Stress Reduction If you try different relaxation methods you can learn how to ease and prevent stress. That can help you take care of your health. Stress hormones can raise your blood sugar. When you can take care of stress, you can lower your blood sugar. Plus, with less stress you can have the energy you need to eat right, exercise, and check your blood sugar. Having ways to bust stress can also help you sleep better.


Question: How can yoga help alleviate stress for people with diabetes?

Answer: Slowly relax into a downward dog pose or a warrior's pose. This forces you to focus on your breathing, stretching, and how you place your body. It loosens tight muscles and turns your thoughts away from the stresses in your life. Consider taking a yoga class at a gym or a local community center. Or, do a yoga routine through an active video game on a system like the Wii. If you don't have time for a full class, even 5 or 10 minutes of yoga posing or breathing can help ease stress.


Question: How do you make memories?

Answer: For something to become a memory, three functions must occur, including: Acquisition -- learning or experiencing something new Consolidation -- the memory becomes stable in the brain Recall -- having the ability to access the memory in the future Both acquisition and recall are functions that take place when you are awake. However, researchers believe sleep is required for consolidation of a memory, no matter the memory type.


Question: What happens when you sleep?

Answer: Scientists don't know exactly how sleep enhances memory, but it appears to involve the brain's hippocampus and neocortex -- the part of the brain where long-term memories are stored. It is thought that during sleep, the hippocampus replays the events of the day for the neocortex, where it reviews and processes memories, helping them to last for the long term.


Question: What does sleep affect?

Answer: Studies show that sleep affects physical reflexes, fine motor skills, and judgment, too. One study showed that participants who were sleep deprived were more likely to think they were right when they were, in fact, wrong. Studies involving memory tests show that after a single night of sleep, or even a nap, people perform better, whether on a test, in the office, on the athletic field, or in a concert hall.


Question: Why is sleep important for memory?

Answer: Imaging and behavioral studies continue to show the critical role sleep plays in learning and memory. Researchers believe that sleep affects learning and memory in two ways: Lack of sleep impairs a person's ability to focus and learn efficiently. Sleep is necessary to consolidate a memory (make it stick) so that it can be recalled in the future.


Question: What are tips to help you get more sleep?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you get more sleep: Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Get regular exercise, but do not exercise close to bedtime. Experts recommend allowing at least three hours between exercise and bed. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine before going to sleep. Take time to unwind before going to sleep. Take a warm bath, read a book, drink some caffeine-free tea, and avoid any activities that can cause tension. Finish eating two to three hours before going to bed. Create a pleasant sleeping environment: make the room dark, cool, and comfortable. Use a sound machine, or other type of white noise device, to block out unwanted sounds. Do not watch TV or use the computer in bed. Use your bedroom for sleep and sex only. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including getting regular and quality sleep, can be a challenge, especially when you are stressed with a work deadline or test. But, remember (and you need sleep to do this! ), sleep is your friend. So, when it comes to learning and memory, sleep on it.


Question: What are benefits of preterm formulas in supplemental feeding?

Answer: For babies who were born early and aren't able to breast-feed, doctors often recommend a formula made specially for premature babies. These formulas are higher in calories than breast milk. They also contain: Extra protein Vitamins Minerals Special formulas.


Question: Can my baby use formula if she's allergic to milk?

Answer: Babies who are allergic to milk proteins may need a special formula that contains broken-down versions of these proteins. There are also formulas for babies who have trouble digesting or absorbing nutrients from food.


Question: Why do parents need to consider supplement options for premature babies?

Answer: Your doctor might also recommend supplementing breast milk with formula or switching over to formula if your baby is in one of these situations: Low blood sugar Dehydrated Loses too much body weight Has a high level of jaundice Can't get enough nutrition because he's not nursing well or you aren't producing enough milk Many premature babies can tolerate breast milk. In fact, it's an ideal source of nutrition. Yet for babies who are born very small, breast milk might not be enough.


Question: What can I take if I have bad side effects in my diabetic nephropathy medication?

Answer: If a person has side effects from taking ACE inhibitors, another class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARBs) can often be given instead.


Question: What are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy?

Answer: There are often no symptoms with early diabetic nephropathy. As the kidney function worsens, symptoms may include: Swelling of the hands, feet, and face Trouble sleeping or concentrating Poor appetite Nausea Weakness Itching (end-stage kidney disease) and extremely dry skin Drowsiness (end-stage kidney disease) Abnormalities in the hearts' regular rhythm, because of increased potassium in the blood Muscle twitching As kidney damage progresses, your kidneys cannot remove the waste from your blood. The waste then builds up in your body and can reach poisonous levels, a condition known as uremia. People with uremia are often confused and occasionally become comatose.


Question: What is a hydrogen breath test?

Answer: Raised hydrogen breath levels indicate the improper digestion of lactose, which could lead to a diagnosis of lactose intolerance or the presence of abnormal bacteria in the colon.


Question: What happens after hydrogen breath test?

Answer: You may resume your normal activities and diet after a hydrogen breath test. A health care provider will discuss the results of the test with you.


Question: Can you inherit chronic fatigue syndrome from your parents?

Answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome ME/ CFS can run in families. It's possible that some people inherit a risk for it from one of their parents, such as inheriting a defect in how a particular gene is built. Probably more important than how genes are built is whether genes are turned on or off properlyâdifferences in gene activity. In people with ME/ CFS, within white blood cells and other parts of the body, there are differences in gene activity. For example, several studies have found that genes important in activating the immune system are more likely to be turned on in people with ME/ CFS.


Question: Does age and gender affect who gets chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: If you think you may have it, or are concerned that you could be at risk, check with your doctor. If you're a woman, you're four times more likely to get ME/ CFS than men. The condition is rare in children, but girls are more likely to develop it than boys. The illness most often begins in adults aged 30-50. With teenagers, those between 13 and 15 seem to have it most often.


Question: What are your chances of survival when prostate cancer spreads?

Answer: If it's caught and treated in this point, which is known as "regional" stage, your odds or recovery are very good. If it travels further, the cancer usually ends up in your bones. At that point, the chances of survival drop to 29%. Your doctor will talk to you about your best treatment options. What you choose will largely depend on how far the cancer has spread and what symptoms, if any, you have. You may have already had surgery or radiation. Those treatments are sometimes used to target prostate cancer when it's still only in the prostate.


Question: How is prostate cancer treated once it has spread to my bones?

Answer: If prostate cancer has spread to your bones, you'll likely need medication to ease your pain, lower the risk of fractures, and keep your body's calcium levels steady. It can be dangerous if they go too high or too low. Your doctor might prescribe a drug to help keep your bones strong. You might take corticosteroids to control pain, probably along with a pain reliever. Which pain medicine you get could range from ibuprofen to morphine, depending on how bad your pain is. Your oncologist might also send you forradiation therapy in an effort to lessen bone pain and kill off cancer cells in your bones. Or he could inject you with a drug that gives off radiation. These medications are called radiopharmaceuticals.


Question: How should you take care of yourself if you have prostate cancer?

Answer: Self-care is also important: Take naps to fight fatigue and try to do some light exercise, like walking, to keep your energy levels up. Being active can also help combat weight gain, especially if you add some strength training to your routine. Check with your doctor first to make sure it's safe for you to exercise. He may suggest you work with a physical therapist.


Question: What do studies show about exercise and depression?

Answer: One study that involved 80 adults with mild to moderate major depression found that three sessions of heart-pumping activity each week for 12 weeks worked about as well as medication in fighting the symptoms of depression. The researchers also found that after 10 months, people who exercised were much less likely to relapse than people who took medicine. The results of another study showed that three to five weekly workouts that got the heart and lungs working harder cut mild to moderate symptoms of the mood disorder nearly in half.


Question: What does psoriasis on your lips look like?

Answer: Psoriasis here is rare, but it does happen. Most of the time, patches are white or gray. They can be uncomfortable and may affect the way you talk and chew.


Question: What does psoriasis on your genitals look like?

Answer: Psoriasis can affect your genitals. Some people only have it on their genitals. These flares are usually pink or red. They usually have little or no flaking or scaling. Psoriasis can also cause painful cracks, particularly between the buttocks.


Question: What can you do to treat psoriasis on your lips?

Answer: What you can do: Talk to your doctor right away. She will probably recommend a low-potency steroid cream, like 1% hydrocortisone ointment. She may suggest a steroid-free treatment like pimecrolimus or tacrolimus, which will suppress your immune system.


Question: What are the signs of psoriasis and nail problems?

Answer: If you have either, you might notice your nails are: Pitted, with âpockingâ or holes in the nail Thicker than normal or discolored Separated from the nail bed What you can do: You may be able to disguise mild nail changes by scraping, filing, or polishing your nails.


Question: Is there a cure for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)?

Answer: There is no cure for CRPS.


Question: What are the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)?

Answer: The symptoms of CRPS vary in their severity and length. One symptom of CRPS is continuous, intense pain that gets worse rather than better over time. If CRPS occurs after an injury, it may seem out of proportion to the severity of the injury. Even in cases involving an injury only to a finger or toe, pain can spread to include the entire arm or leg. In some cases, pain can even travel to the opposite extremity. Other symptoms of CRPS include: " Burning" pain Swelling and stiffness in affected joints Motor disability, with decreased ability to move the affected body part Changes in nail and hair growth pattern; there may be rapid hair growth or no hair growth. Skin changes; CRPS can involve changes in skin temperature -- skin on one extremity can feel warmer or cooler compared to the opposite extremity. Skin color may become blotchy, pale, purple or red. The texture of skin also can change, becoming shiny and thin. People with CRPS may have skin that sometimes is excessively sweaty. CRPS may be heightened by emotional stress.


Question: What are the possible risks of taking part in a clinical trial for arthritis treatment?

Answer: Potential side effects from participating in a clinical trial will depend on the type of treatment and the patient's condition. All of the risks and side effects of the treatment being researched are not known at the beginning of the clinical trial. Since this is the case, there may be unknown side effects, as well as hoped-for benefits.


Question: What are different phases of clinical trials for arthritis?

Answer: In a phase I clinical trial, the new arthritis treatment being investigated is given to a small number of participants. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment and how much of it can be given safely. Phase II clinical trials determine the effect of the research treatment on patients and usually the best dosage. In Phase III clinical trials, the drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used Phase IV clinical trials apply the new treatment to patient care. Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.


Question: What questions are researchers trying to answer during a clinical trial for a new arthritis treatment?

Answer: When a new arthritis treatment is studied for the first time in humans, it is not known exactly how it will work. With any new treatment, there are possible risks as well as benefits. Clinical trials help doctors discover the answers to the following questions: Is the treatment safe and effective? Is the treatment potentially better than the treatments currently available? What are the side effects of the treatment? Does the treatment have any possible risks? How well does the treatment work?


Question: What flu-like symptoms are associated with inflammation?

Answer: Inflammation may also be associated with general flu-like symptoms including: Fever Chills Fatigue/loss of energy Headaches Loss of appetite Muscle stiffness When inflammation occurs, chemicals from the body's white blood cells are released into the blood or affected tissues to protect your body from foreign substances.


Question: What are treatment options for inflammatory diseases?

Answer: The type of treatment prescribed will depend on several factors, including the type of disease, the person's age, type of medications he or she is taking, overall health, medical history, and severity of symptoms. The goals of treatment are the following: Correct, control, or slow down the underlying disease process Avoid or modify activities that aggravate pain Relieve pain through pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs Maintain joint movement and muscle strength through physical therapy Decrease stress on the joints by using braces, splints, or canes as needed There are many drugs available to decrease joint pain, swelling and inflammation, and possibly prevent or minimize the progression of the inflammatory disease.


Question: What are the goals of treatment for inflammatory diseases?

Answer: The goals of treatment are the following: Correct, control, or slow down the underlying disease process Avoid or modify activities that aggravate pain Relieve pain through pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs Maintain joint movement and muscle strength through physical therapy Decrease stress on the joints by using braces, splints, or canes as needed There are many drugs available to decrease joint pain, swelling and inflammation, and possibly prevent or minimize the progression of the inflammatory disease.


Question: What is treatment of inflammation directed at?

Answer: This protective process may stimulate nerves and cause pain. The increased number of cells and inflammatory substances within the joint cause irritation, swelling of the joint lining and, eventually, wearing down of cartilage (cushions at the end of bones).


Question: What drugs are used to treat inflammatory diseases?

Answer: The goals of treatment are the following: Correct, control, or slow down the underlying disease process Avoid or modify activities that aggravate pain Relieve pain through pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs Maintain joint movement and muscle strength through physical therapy Decrease stress on the joints by using braces, splints, or canes as needed There are many drugs available to decrease joint pain, swelling and inflammation, and possibly prevent or minimize the progression of the inflammatory disease. They are often used in combination due to their differing effects. The medications include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) Antimalarial medications (such as hydroxychloroquine) Other oral drugs known as DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), including methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide Biologic drugs such as infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, abatacept, tocilizumab, and rituximab Some of these medications are also used to treat other conditions such as cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, or to reduce the risk of rejection of a transplanted organ.


Question: How are medications for inflammatory diseases used?

Answer: The medications include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) Antimalarial medications (such as hydroxychloroquine) Other oral drugs known as DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), including methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide Biologic drugs such as infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, abatacept, tocilizumab, and rituximab Some of these medications are also used to treat other conditions such as cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, or to reduce the risk of rejection of a transplanted organ. However, when "chemotherapy" types of medications (such as methotrexate or cyclophosphamide) are used to treat inflammatory diseases, the doses are sometimes significantly lower and the risks of side effects tend to be less than when prescribed in higher doses for cancer treatment.


Question: Can inflammation affect internal organs?

Answer: Inflammation can affect organs as part of an autoimmune disorder. The type of symptoms depend on which organs are affected. For example: Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) may cause shortness of breath or fluid retention. Inflammation of the small tubes that transport air to the lungs may cause shortness of breath. Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis) may cause high blood pressure or kidney failure.


Question: What causes normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus can occur after a head injury, bleeding around the brain (due to a blow to the head), stroke, meningitis (infection of a protective layer of tissue around the brain), or brain tumor. It can happen after surgery on the brain. How these conditions lead to NPH is not clear. In most cases, the cause of NPH is never known.


Question: What lab tests can help diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Lab Tests There is no lab test that confirms the diagnosis of NPH. Any lab tests that are done are probably being done to rule out conditions that might cause similar symptoms.


Question: Why is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) hard to diagnose?

Answer: The dementia symptoms of NPH can be similar to those of Alzheimer's disease. The walking problems are similar to those of Parkinson's disease. Experts say that many cases of NPH are misdiagnosed as one of these diseases. The good news is that, unlike Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, NPH can be reversed in many people with appropriate treatment. But first it must be correctly diagnosed.


Question: How well does a shunt operation work for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: The earlier the NPH is diagnosed, the better the chances that the surgery will help. In general, people with milder symptoms have better outcomes with this surgery.


Question: Do shunt operations work for everyone with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Shunt operations do not work for everyone with NPH. Many people who undergo a shunt operation have substantial symptom relief. In some, the symptoms improve and then start to worsen again. Others benefit little, if at all. Even the experts are not able to predict perfectly who will benefit and who will not.


Question: Can you prevent normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent NPH. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise, may help avoid conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke that might contribute to NPH. Wearing a seatbelt and safety helmet when indicated can help avoid head injury, another cause of NPH.


Question: What is a hip (acetabular) labral tear?

Answer: In others it causes pain in the groin. It can make you feel like your leg is "catching" or "clicking" in the socket as you move it. Over time, labral tears in the hip may cause permanent damage to the joint. The labrum is a band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the rim of the hip socket, or acetabulum.


Question: Who is most likely to get a labrum tear in their hip?

Answer: Labral tears of the hip are more common in women. They also occur more often in people who have abnormalities of the hip structure, like hip dysplasia and other conditions. In recent years, experts have found that acetabular labral tears are much more common than once thought. Studies show that up to 22% of athletes who complain of groin pain have a labral tear in the hip.


Question: What is biologic therapy for kidney cancer?

Answer: Biologic therapy for kidney cancer This therapy uses your immune system to fight cancer by boosting, directing, or restoring your body's natural defenses. Substances for biologic therapy are made by your body or in a lab. Examples of biologic therapy for metastatic kidney cancer include interferon alpha or interleukin-2. There are many new immunotherapies being actively studied for kidney cancer.


Question: What are the advantages of LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: LASIK has many benefits, including: It has been around for over 25 years and it works! It corrects vision. Around 96% of patients will have their desired vision after LASIK. An enhancement can further increase this number. LASIK is associated with very little pain due to the numbing drops that are used. Vision is corrected nearly by the day after LASIK. No bandages or stitches are required after LASIK. Adjustments can be made years after LASIK to further correct vision if vision changes while you age. After having LASIK, most patients have a dramatic reduction in eyeglass or contact lens dependence and many patients no longer need them at all.


Question: What are the disadvantages of LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: Despite the pluses, there are some disadvantages to LASIK eye surgery: LASIK is technically complex. Rare problems may occur when the doctor creates the flap, which can permanently affect vision. This is one reason to choose a surgeon who is very experienced at performing these surgeries. LASIK can rarely cause a loss of "best" vision. Your best vision is the highest degree of vision that you achieved while wearing your contacts or eyeglasses.


Question: What is LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: LASIK, which stands for laser in-situ keratomileusis, is a popular surgery used to correct vision in people who are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism. All laser vision correction surgeries work by reshaping the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, so that light traveling through it is properly focused onto the retina located in the back of the eye.


Question: What happens during LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: During LASIK eye surgery, an instrument called a microkeratome or femtosecond laser is used to create a thin flap in the cornea. The cornea flap is then painlessly peeled back and the underlying corneal tissue is reshaped using another laser. After the cornea is reshaped so that it can properly focus light onto the retina, the cornea flap is put back in place and the surgery is complete. LASIK is performed while the patient is under local anesthesia in the form of eye drops (no shots, no needles) and usually takes about 10 minutes to complete.


Question: What are the benefits of LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: LASIK has many benefits, including: It has been around for over 25 years and it works! It corrects vision. Around 96% of patients will have their desired vision after LASIK. An enhancement can further increase this number. LASIK is associated with very little pain due to the numbing drops that are used. Vision is corrected nearly by the day after LASIK. No bandages or stitches are required after LASIK. Adjustments can be made years after LASIK to further correct vision if vision changes while you age. After having LASIK, most patients have a dramatic reduction in eyeglass or contact lens dependence and many patients no longer need them at all.


Question: How should I prepare on the day of my LASIK eye surgery?

Answer: On the day of your surgery, eat a light meal before going to the doctor and take all of your prescribed medications. Do not wear eye makeup or have any bulky accessories in your hair that will interfere with positioning your head under the laser. If you are not feeling well that morning, call the doctor's office to determine whether the procedure needs to be postponed.


Question: Why is it important to give your child a sense of control over bedwetting to help minimize the negative emotional effects of it?

Answer: There are a number of different ways you can help your child take some ownership of his bedwetting recovery, which will instill confidence and a sense of hope. First, work with your child to create and keep a bedwetting calendar or journal. Your child can recognize dry nights with stars and even come up with different hypotheses to test. For instance, they might decide to test whether limiting soda in the evening helps minimize bedwetting occurrences and keep track of it in their bedwetting journal. You can also encourage your child to visualize his bladder filling up overnight and imagine himself waking up to use the bathroom when he needs to urinate.


Question: How do women with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to plan for pregnancy?

Answer: Time it right. Just like any woman, you might not get pregnant right away. To limit the time you're off your medicine, try to learn your âfertility window.â That's the time of the month when you're most likely to conceive. You can buy an ovulation kit at the drugstore to help you figure it out. Your doctor can recommend other ways to help your timing, too.


Question: Why do women with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to watch their mood?

Answer: Women with MS have a higher risk of depression during pregnancy and especially right after they give birth. Call your doctor if you start to notice any symptoms, like feeling sad or hopeless. Your ob-gyn may also screen you for depression during a routine prenatal or postpartum visit. Your doctor can help treat your depression symptoms.


Question: Why do women with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to build a support team before getting pregnant?

Answer: MS can wear you out, and pregnancy can, too. Don't be afraid to ask family and friends to fix meals or help around the house so you can save your energy. Make sure your team is ready to pitch in after the baby comes, too.


Question: How does breastfeeding affect women with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Think carefully about breastfeeding. If you go back on your meds, you won't be able to do it. The drugs could harm your baby through your milk. But if your doctor says it's OK to wait to take your medicine, breastfeed if you want to. It's perfectly safe for you and great for your little one. Store the milk you pump in the fridge so your partner can tackle middle-of-the night feedings. You need your rest now more than ever. Don't feel guilty if you choose medication over breastfeeding. After all, your new addition needs a mom who can stay healthy.


Question: Should I try and time my pregnancy right if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Just like any woman, you might not get pregnant right away. To limit the time you're off your medicine, try to learn your âfertility window.â That's the time of the month when you're most likely to conceive. You can buy an ovulation kit at the drugstore to help you figure it out. Your doctor can recommend other ways to help your timing, too.


Question: Should I think carefully about breastfeeding if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Think carefully about breastfeeding. If you go back on your meds, you won't be able to do it. The drugs could harm your baby through your milk. But if your doctor says it's OK to wait to take your medicine, breastfeed if you want to. It's perfectly safe for you and great for your little one. Store the milk you pump in the fridge so your partner can tackle middle-of-the night feedings. You need your rest now more than ever. Don't feel guilty if you choose medication over breastfeeding. After all, your new addition needs a mom who can stay healthy.


Question: Should I expect some relief while I'm pregnant if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: That's because pregnancy naturally protects many women from new flares, especially after the first 3 months. So enjoy it! Focus on getting the right foods, exercise, and plenty of rest.


Question: Should I build a support team during my pregnancy if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: MS can wear you out, and pregnancy can, too. Don't be afraid to ask family and friends to fix meals or help around the house so you can save your energy. Make sure your team is ready to pitch in after the baby comes, too.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis present specific challenges to women with pregnancy?

Answer: If you want to start a family, having multiple sclerosis ( MS) doesn't have to stop you. It doesn't keep you from getting pregnant or hurt your unborn baby. Odds are your pregnancy and delivery will be just like women without MS. Still, moms-to-be with MS face unique challenges. Plan ahead and learn what to do before, during, and after pregnancy to make your next 9 months a little easier.


Question: Should I mind my mood if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Women with MS have a higher risk of depression during pregnancy and especially right after they give birth. Call your doctor if you start to notice any symptoms, like feeling sad or hopeless. Your ob-gyn may also screen you for depression during a routine prenatal or postpartum visit. Your doctor can help treat your depression symptoms.


Question: Should I prop myself up if I am pregnant with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Prop yourself up. As you get bigger, your balance may be off. Use a cane or other walking aid so you don't fall.


Question: Should I be aware of multiple sclerosis flare-ups after I come home from giving birth?

Answer: In the first 9 months after birth, up to 40% of women with MS will have a relapse. But a flare doesn't raise your risk of a long-term disability. If you had many flares before pregnancy, you may be more likely to have one now. It may be a good idea to start taking your MS medicine right away to help stop one.


Question: Why should someone with multiple sclerosis (MS) enjoy pregnancy?

Answer: You may get a break from your MS symptoms. That's because pregnancy naturally protects many women from new flares, especially after the first 3 months. So enjoy it! Focus on getting the right foods, exercise, and plenty of rest.


Question: How do pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS) prepare for delivery?

Answer: Prepare for your special delivery. Chances are you'll be able to give birth just like any other woman. If you can't push because of fatigue or muscle weakness, your doctor may use special tools to help you deliver naturally. Or you might need a C-section. You might not know when labor starts if you have lost feeling in your pelvis. In that case, your doctor will watch you more closely during the last month. She may want to use drugs or other procedures to put you in labor. Medicines to block pain, including injections called epidurals, are safe for people with MS. If you want one, tell your doctor.


Question: Why would someone with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to prop themselves up?

Answer: Prop yourself up. As you get bigger, your balance may be off. Use a cane or other walking aid so you don't fall.


Question: Which multiple sclerosis (MS) drugs are not safe to take while pregnant?

Answer: Talk to your doctor. Let her know you want to have a baby. If your MS is under control, you'll probably get a green light. Some MS drugs, like glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone), teriflunomide ( Aubagio), and interferons, aren't safe during pregnancy. You'll need to stop taking them at least 1 month before you start trying.


Question: How many women with multiple sclerosis (MS) have flare-ups after giving birth?

Answer: Be aware of flares. In the first 9 months after birth, up to 40% of women with MS will have a relapse. But a flare doesn't raise your risk of a long-term disability. If you had many flares before pregnancy, you may be more likely to have one now. It may be a good idea to start taking your MS medicine right away to help stop one.


Question: What is the chance that a baby will get multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Will your baby grow up to have MS? It's a common concern for many parents-to-be. MS does have some genetic links, but the adult children of parents with the condition have a 96% chance they won'thave it.


Question: Why are urinary tract infections (UTIs) more common in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Watch out for urinary tract infections ( UTIs). They are more common for pregnant women with MS. Drink lots of water, and tell your doctor if you feel burning when you go to the bathroom or if your urine is cloudy or smelly. You may get monthly urine tests to check for UTIs. You also may have trouble with constipation. A stool softener can get things moving.


Question: What are the causes of testicular azoospermia?

Answer: Testicular azoospermia: Damage to your testicles keeps them from making sperm normally. It can happen because of: An infection in your reproductive tract, such as epididymitis and urethritis A childhood illness such as viral orchitis, which causes swelling of one or both testicles A groin injury Cancer or its treatments, like radiation Genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter's syndrome Post-testicular azoospermia: Your testicles make normal sperm, but something keeps them from getting out, like: A blockage in the tubes that carry sperm from your testicles to your penis.


Question: What is ALK Rearrangement in non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is a gene that tells your body how to make proteins that help cells talk to each other. If you have lung cancer with an ALK rearrangement, part of this gene is broken and attached to another gene. Doctors call changes in genes like this mutations. This one boosts your odds of several types of cancers, including lung cancer. You may hear your doctor call it ALK-positive.


Question: How often will I see my doctor if I have non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: This also depends on the stage of your cancer. Your health care team will let you know how often you should come in for checkups. Keep all your appointments so your doctors can keep up with how you feel and how well your treatment is working. He may order regular follow-up tests, like: Blood work Lung tests Imaging tests to take pictures of the inside of your body, like CT scans or chest X-rays Scientists are looking for new ways to fight lung cancer.


Question: Can a clinical trial help treat non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: He may order regular follow-up tests, like: Blood work Lung tests Imaging tests to take pictures of the inside of your body, like CT scans or chest X-rays Scientists are looking for new ways to fight lung cancer. A clinical trial may be a good option if what you're doing isn't working, especially if you have stage IV cancer. Ask your doctor about any clinical trials for ALK-positive lung cancer. Clinicaltrials.gov is another good place to try. Try typing " ALK-positive lung cancer" in the search box. Remember, you're at the heart of your health care team. Taking a proactive approach to care and treatment can help you feel more in control. Deciding on the right treatment for cancer is a personal choice. It's OK to ask questions if you're not sure how a medicine or therapy might affect you, and to tell your doctor how you're really doing -- physically and emotionally. It's normal to have strong feelings when you're dealing with cancer. Your doctor can put you in touch with a counselor and support group so you can talk to people who understand what you're going through.


Question: What are side effects of ALK inhibitors used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Like all medicines, these drugs can cause other problems. The most common include: Diarrhea Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Blurry vision These side effects are usually mild, but not always. Stomach problems tend to be more severe with ceritinib. In rare cases, some people have to stop taking the drug.


Question: Should my doctor run an EKG test before taking drugs for non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: Before you take these drugs, your doctor should do an EKG to test your heart. ALK inhibitors have been linked to changes in the heartbeat or heart rate that aren't explained by other health problems or medications.


Question: Will I need other specific treatments to treat non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: This depends on how far your cancer has spread. If it has reached your brain, your doctor might suggest surgery or radiation. But newer ALK inhibitors are helping to reduce this need. Your doctor will prescribe other treatments to keep you as comfortable as possible. These often include: Medicines to ease your pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms Procedures to remove fluid buildup from around your lungs to help you breathe better Be sure to tell your doctor about all your symptoms so you get the right treatments.


Question: Are there treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer?

Answer: Medicines called ALK inhibitors are the main kind. These drugs block the abnormal ALK protein and shrink lung tumors linked to it. Your doctor might call this âtargeted therapyâ because it zooms in on the cancer cells and disrupts their growth. You should only take these drugs if a FISH test shows you have the mutation.


Question: What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

Answer: Lung cancer may not cause problems until you've had it long enough for it to spread to other parts of your body. But talk to your doctor if you have: A cough that doesn't go away Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing Hoarseness Weight loss without trying and loss of appetite Coughing up blood Shortness of breath A weak or tired feeling Wheezing When cancer spreads, as it has by the time it gets to stage IV, it can cause: Bone pain Problems related to your brain and nerves, like headaches, weakness or numbness in your arms or legs, dizziness, balance problems, or seizures Yellowed eyes or skin Lumps near the surface of your skin If you have non-small-cell lung cancer, your doctor should test you for the ALK genetic mutation.


Question: What other treatments might you need for stage IV lung cancer with ALK rearrangement?

Answer: This depends on how far your cancer has spread. If it has reached your brain, your doctor might suggest surgery or radiation. But newer ALK inhibitors are helping to reduce this need. Your doctor will prescribe other treatments to keep you as comfortable as possible. These often include: Medicines to ease your pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms Procedures to remove fluid buildup from around your lungs to help you breathe better Be sure to tell your doctor about all your symptoms so you get the right treatments.


Question: What is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

Answer: More than half of the people who have lung cancer don't find out until the disease is in later stages.


Question: What are the side effects of treatment for stage IV lung cancer with ALK rearrangement?

Answer: Like all medicines, these drugs can cause other problems. The most common include: Diarrhea Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Blurry vision These side effects are usually mild, but not always. Stomach problems tend to be more severe with ceritinib. In rare cases, some people have to stop taking the drug. A small number of people get pneumonitis, an inflammation of the tissue in the walls of the lungs. It can be life-threatening. If you get it, your doctor will likely tell you to stop taking the drug.


Question: What is the most common type of lung cancer?

Answer: Non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer.


Question: How can clinical trials help with stage IV lung cancer with ALK rearrangement?

Answer: He may order regular follow-up tests, like: Blood work Lung tests Imaging tests to take pictures of the inside of your body, like CT scans or chest X-rays Scientists are looking for new ways to fight lung cancer. A clinical trial may be a good option if what you're doing isn't working, especially if you have stage IV cancer. Ask your doctor about any clinical trials for ALK-positive lung cancer. Clinicaltrials.gov is another good place to try.


Question: What are the symptoms of stage IV lung cancer?

Answer: But talk to your doctor if you have: A cough that doesn't go away Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing Hoarseness Weight loss without trying and loss of appetite Coughing up blood Shortness of breath A weak or tired feeling Wheezing When cancer spreads, as it has by the time it gets to stage IV, it can cause: Bone pain Problems related to your brain and nerves, like headaches, weakness or numbness in your arms or legs, dizziness, balance problems, or seizures Yellowed eyes or skin Lumps near the surface of your skin If you have non-small-cell lung cancer, your doctor should test you for the ALK genetic mutation.


Question: What is ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) rearrangement in lung cancer?

Answer: ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is a gene that tells your body how to make proteins that help cells talk to each other. If you have lung cancer with an ALK rearrangement, part of this gene is broken and attached to another gene. Doctors call changes in genes like this mutations. This one boosts your odds of several types of cancers, including lung cancer. You may hear your doctor call it ALK-positive.


Question: What habits can help with panic attacks?

Answer: In addition to your treatment, you may also find that these everyday habits make a difference: Yoga or deep breathing may relax your body and lower stress. Exercise can help calm your mind and offset potential side effects of medication, such as weight gain. Stay away from alcoholic drinks, caffeine, smoking, and recreational drugs, which can trigger attacks. Get enough sleep, so you don't feel draggy during the day.