Question: Can you drink alcohol while taking benzodiazepines?

Answer: They are usually avoided in people with a history of alcohol or substance abuse, unless they are necessary on a short-term basis as part of a drug or alcohol detox. Benzodiazepines can slow thinking or interfere with judgment. It is also dangerous to combine them with alcohol or certain other medications.


Question: How can benzodiazepines help with treating bipolar disorder?

Answer: They are usually taken for a brief time, up to two weeks or so, with other mood-stabilizing drugs. Benzodiazepines slow the activity of the brain. In doing so, they can help treat mania, anxiety, panic disorder, and seizures.


Question: How does tea tree oil treat foot fungus?

Answer: Tea Tree Oil This oil comes from a tree in Australia. It's a popular treatment for many conditions, including foot fungus. Research shows it works as well as clotrimazole, which is found in many OTC treatments.


Question: How does undecylenic acid treat foot fungus?

Answer: Although these may not be as effective as medicines your doctor can prescribe, they might be worth a try: Undecylenic Acid This fungus fighter is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter ( OTC) products. You can buy it at your local drugstore as a liquid or a polish you paint onto your nails. It eases the raw, irritated skin that can come with a fungus.


Question: How does baking soda treat foot fungus?

Answer: Baking Soda In the lab, plain old sodium bicarbonate limited growth of the most common types of fungi that cause skin and nail infections. You probably have a box in your pantry already.


Question: How does ozonized sunflower oil treat foot fungus?

Answer: Ozonized Sunflower Oil Who knew sunflower oil can also fight germs? One study found that this natural remedy worked against yeasts that cause foot fungus. There's more work to do, but so far, researchers don't see any side effects.


Question: How does eucalyptus oil treat foot fungus?

Answer: Eucalyptus Oil People love this popular plant because of its fresh scent. But it does more than smell good. It also works on toenail fungus. Scientists say it may work just as well as treatments you get from your doctor.


Question: How does clotrimazole treat foot fungus?

Answer: Clotrimazole You'll find this in many OTC yeast infection creams. But it's also used to treat toenail fungus. Scientists in the U. K. found it worked for most of the patients who used it in a 12-week trial. You can buy it as a cream or lotion.


Question: What are the symptoms of tachycardia?

Answer: No matter which type of tachycardia you have, you may feel: Dizziness Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Chest pain Heart palpitations In extreme cases, you could become unconscious or go into cardiac arrest. But sometimes, a super-fast heart rate causes no symptoms at all.


Question: What are the causes of sinus tachycardia?

Answer: Strenuous exercise, a fever, fear, stress, anxiety, certain medications, and street drugs can lead to sinus tachycardia. It can also be triggered by anemia, an overactive thyroid, or damage from a heart attack or heart failure.


Question: How common is prostate cancer in men?

Answer: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men (besides skin cancer). About one man in six will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. Let's keep these numbers in perspective, though. Because prostate cancer is usually slow growing, only about one in 35 men will die of prostate cancer.


Question: At what age do men usually get benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer: BPH, also known as an enlarged prostate, is growth of the prostate gland to an unhealthy size. A man's chances of having BPH go up with age: Age 31-40: one in 12 Age 51-60: about one in two Over age 80: more than eight in 10 However, only about half of men ever have BPH symptoms that need treatment. BPH does not lead to prostate cancer, although both are common in older men.


Question: How are mental health problems related to hepatitis C treated?

Answer: Some doctors prescribe them before you take interferon so you can prevent or limit these symptoms. You can also get help from talking with a psychiatrist or mental health counselor. Your doctor can recommend one. Some therapists specialize in treating people like you who are trying to manage a long-term disease.


Question: What are symptoms of mental health problems related to hepatitis C?

Answer: You may feel: Depressed Irritable Confused Emotionally unstable Unable to concentrate But there are steps you can take to treat these problems.


Question: Are mental health problems normal with hepatitis C?

Answer: Mental health problems like depression and anxiety are more common among people with hep C. Sometimes, how you feel may be a side effect of the medicine you're taking.


Question: What is the most common side effect of a colonoscopy?

Answer: This is the most common side effect of colonoscopy.


Question: What is a colonoscopy like?

Answer: Your doctor will use a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope to look inside your colon. It has a light and camera to help her see what's going on in there. She may also insert air inside your colon to get a better view. She might use water or a suction device as well as certain surgical tools if she needs to remove a polyp. All these things can move and stretch your colon, so you might feel uncomfortable for a day or two after the exam. You may also feel nauseous and might even throw up. These symptoms usually aren't dangerous, but if you have vomited or are in pain, call your doctor right away.


Question: Is it normal to bleed after a colonoscopy?

Answer: You could notice blood from your rectum or in your stool after a colonoscopy. Most of the time, this happens because your doctor had to take a tissue sample or remove a polyp from your colon. Call your doctor right away if it continues or if there's a lot of blood. Certain medications, such as vitamins and over-the-counter painkillers like aspirin, can increase your risk of bleeding. If you take them, be sure to tell your doctor before you go in for your procedure.


Question: How does general anesthesia work?

Answer: It prevents your brain from processing pain and from remembering what happened during your surgery. A specially trained doctor or nurse, called an anesthesiologist, gives you general anesthesia and cares for you before, during, and after your surgery. A nurse anesthetist and other team members may also be involved in your care. Your anesthesia team will check your breathing and other body functions while you're in surgery.


Question: What is regional anesthesia?

Answer: Regional anesthesia: This numbs a larger area of your body, such as your legs, but you also stay awake.


Question: How do you get general anesthesia?

Answer: Before your surgery, you'll get anesthesia through an IV line that goes into a vein in your arm or hand. You might also breathe in gas through a mask. You should fall asleep within a couple of minutes. Once you're asleep, the doctor might put a tube through your mouth into your windpipe. This tube ensures that you get enough oxygen during surgery. The doctor will first give you medicine to relax the muscles in your throat.


Question: What are risks of general anesthesia?

Answer: Other common side effects from the medicine are: Nausea and vomiting Dry mouth Sore throat Hoarse voice Sleepiness Shivering Muscle aches Itching Confusion -- especially in older people Rarely, people can be very confused for a few days after their surgery. This is called delirium. Usually it goes away after about a week. Some people have memory trouble after they get general anesthesia. This is more common in people with heart disease, lung disease, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. Your doctor should discuss all of these possible complications with you before your surgery.


Question: What will your doctor do if you swallowed an object by accident?

Answer: The doctor may order X-rays to locate the object in the body. The doctor may try to remove it. In most cases, swallowed objects pass through the system without causing injury or requiring surgery.


Question: What is factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms?

Answer: There are four main types of factitious disorders, including: Factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms: As the description implies, people with this disorder mimic behavior that is typical of a mental illness, such as schizophrenia. They may appear confused, make absurd statements and report hallucinations, the experience of sensing things that are not there; for example, hearing voices.


Question: Should I work with a physical therapist if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If your symptoms get in the way of exercise, work with a physical therapist -- one who specializes in treating people with RA. You'll learn ways to build strength, feel better, and zap stress.


Question: Should I use guided imagery if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You could also try guided imagery. To do this, you picture in your mind places or situations you find relaxing. Try to use all your senses, and imagine seeing it, smelling it, feeling it.


Question: Should I do what I love if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Think about activities you enjoy, such as having coffee with a friend, reading, or seeing a movie. Build those activities into your weekly schedule.


Question: Should I see a therapist for support if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Talk to a psychologist, social worker, or counselor. Even a few appointments can help you find ways to handle your challenges.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before I start exercising if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you're not active now, ask your doctor what's OK for you to do. Pace yourself, too. You may need to take it easier when you have a flare.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Keep up with your sleep. Get up and go to bed at the same time each day to set a regular sleep cycle. If you can, don't take work home from the office. Turn off the TV, computer, and phone at least an hour before bed. Do what you love. Think about activities you enjoy, such as having coffee with a friend, reading, or seeing a movie. Build those activities into your weekly schedule. Don't smoke. While some people with RA smoke to deal with the stress of their condition, that's not a good idea. Studies have found that smoking can make rheumatoid arthritis worse and make medication less effective.


Question: How can I work around problems that are caused by rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When RA symptoms flare up, everyday tasks can be harder to do. Look for solutions. If typing hurts your hands, try voice recognition software for your computer. In the kitchen, you might find that new utensils with bigger grips make cooking easier. These little changes can take some of the stress off you.


Question: Should I make exercise a priority when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Being active is especially good for people with RA. It eases pain, improves mood, lowers stress, and helps keep joints mobile. Go for cardio (aerobic exercise). Pick activities that are easy on your joints, like swimming and walking.


Question: Does stress affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Stress can make your RA worse, so you'll want to take action to keep that from happening. Researchers still don't fully understand the connection between stress and rheumatoid arthritis. The cause may involve substances related to the stress response and inflammation.


Question: How is Munchausen syndrome treated?

Answer: Although a person with Munchausen syndrome actively seeks treatment for the various disorders he or she invents, the person often is unwilling to admit to and seek treatment for the syndrome itself. This makes treating people with Munchausen syndrome very challenging, and the outlook for recovery poor. When treatment is sought, the first goal is to modify the person's behavior and reduce his or her misuse or overuse of medical resources. Once this goal is met, treatment aims to work out any underlying psychological issues that may be causing the person's behavior. Another key goal is to help patients avoid dangerous and unnecessary medical diagnostic or treatment procedures (such as surgeries), often sought from different doctors who may be unaware that physical symptoms are either being faked or self-inflicted.


Question: Why is lung cancer hard to treat?

Answer: Lung cancer has long been considered one of the most challenging cancers to treat because it has usually spread by the time you're diagnosed. When it spreads to other body parts, doctors refer to it as metastatic.


Question: What are severe side effects of checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer?

Answer: But sometimes, checkpoint inhibitors cause your immune system to attack otherwise healthy tissue. This can lead to life-threatening inflammation in your lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, and other parts of the body. You may have to stop immunotherapy and get medicines to quiet down your immune system. Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) is one serious side effect often affects people taking checkpoint inhibitors. It can make it hard to breathe. You'll need immediate treatment.


Question: Should you tell your doctor about any side effects of immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Side Effects & Complications Always tell your doctor about any side effects you have. It's important for her to figure out if your symptoms are caused by the treatment or a sign that your cancer may be getting worse. Managing side effects early and well can help you stick to your cancer treatment plan.


Question: What are the long-term effects of immunotherapy?

Answer: The newest field of cancer medicine, called immunotherapy, is an effective treatment option for metastatic lung cancer.


Question: How do you treat abdominal epilepsy?

Answer: Dilantin (phenytoin) is often used. Since no controlled studies exist, though, other drugs might be equally effective. In the known cases of abdominal epilepsy, treatment with epilepsy drugs has usually significantly reduced abdominal symptoms. That's not proof that the abdominal symptoms were caused by seizures, though. Epilepsy drugs act on nerves in general.


Question: What are symptoms of abdominal epilepsy?

Answer: With abdominal epilepsy, it's thought that seizures occur that primarily affect the digestive system. Gastrointestinal symptoms are the result. Those symptoms include: abdominal pain, usually sharp or cramping and lasting seconds to minutes nausea and/or vomiting fatigue, lethargy, or sleep following seizures altered level of consciousness, such as confusion or unresponsiveness convulsive seizures known as generalized tonic-clonic seizures People with reported abdominal epilepsy have different patterns of symptoms. Further, symptoms may vary in the same person from one time to the next.


Question: What is abdominal epilepsy?

Answer: For example, it may cause pain and nausea. Anticonvulsant medications can improve the symptoms. Abdominal epilepsy is so uncommon that some experts question whether it exists. Abdominal pain is common in people with epilepsy as well as without. So it could be that the abdominal pain is only coincidental, not caused by seizures. Little is known about abdominal epilepsy. There have only been 36 cases reported in medical journals in the last forty years.


Question: What should you know about taking drugs to treat insomnia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In some cases, doctors will prescribe drugs for the treatment of insomnia. All insomnia medications should be taken shortly before bed. Do not attempt to drive or perform other activities that require concentration after taking an insomnia drug because it will make you sleepy. Medications should be used in combination with good sleep practices.


Question: How are antidepressants used to treat insomnia?

Answer: Antidepressants : Some antidepressant drugs, such as trazodone ( Desyrel), are very good at treating sleeplessness and anxiety.


Question: How are benzodiazepines used to treat insomnia?

Answer: Benzodiazepines: These older sleeping pills -- emazepam ( Restoril), triazolam ( Halcion), and others -- may be useful when you want an insomnia medication that stays in the system longer. For instance, they have been effectively used to treat sleep problems such as sleepwalking and night terrors. But these drugs may cause you to feel sleepy during the day and can also cause dependence, meaning you may always need to be on the drug to be able to sleep.


Question: What is GABA?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } GABA is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain. Low levels of GABA may be linked to: Anxiety or mood disorders Epilepsy Chronic pain Researchers suspect that GABA may boost mood or have a calming, relaxing effect on the nervous system. People take GABA as a supplement to try to: Improve mood Relieve anxiety Improve sleep Help with premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) They may also take GABA to try to: Relieve pain or discomfort from injuries Increase tolerance to exercise Lower blood pressure Burn fat Increase the growth of lean muscle mass Limited studies have shown a possible link between GABA and lowered blood pressure.


Question: Can you get GABA naturally from foods?

Answer: You cannot get GABA naturally from foods. But a variety of foods contain substances such as flavonoids that influence how GABA works in the brain. These foods include: Fruits Vegetables Teas Red wine Side effects.


Question: How can an electromyogram help find the cause of pain?

Answer: EMG: An electromyogram allows doctors to check muscle activity. Your doctor puts fine needles into your muscles to measure their response to electrical signals.


Question: How can a computed tomography (CT) scan help find the cause of pain?

Answer: Among the tests that can help pinpoint the cause of your pain are: CT scan: Computed tomography scans use X-rays and computers to produce an image of a cross-section of the body. During the test, you lie as still as possible on a table. It will move through a large, doughnut-shaped scanning device. Sometimes, your doctor may inject a solution into a vein before your scan. It can help make it easier to see what's going on inside. Most CT scans take 15 minutes to an hour.


Question: How can ultrasound imaging help find the cause of pain?

Answer: Ultrasound imaging: Also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, this test uses high-frequency sound waves to get images of the inside of the body. The sound wave echoes are recorded and displayed as a real-time image.


Question: How can nerve blocks help find the cause of pain?

Answer: Nerve blocks: These tests can treat and diagnose the cause of your pain. Your doctor injects something to numb pain (an anesthetic) into nerve locations She may use an imaging test to find the best right place for the needle. Your response to the nerve block may help find out what's causing your pain or where it's coming from.


Question: How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your child's symptoms and look at any sores or rashes. This is usually enough to decide if it's hand-foot-and-mouth disease with no extra tests. But he might take a throat swab or a stool or blood sample to be sure.


Question: What are the signs of menigitis in babies and young childern?

Answer: If your child is too young to talk, you may have a hard time noticing these symptoms. So in babies and young children, watch for things like: Fever Acts sluggish Irritable Difficulty feeding High-pitched cry Red or purple spots on the skin Cries when held Arches back How fast meningitis symptoms develop can vary.


Question: How quickly do meningitis symptoms develop?

Answer: Bacterial meningitis symptoms come on quickly, usually over a period of hours. With viral meningitis, symptoms might appear over several days.


Question: What are symptoms of meningitis?

Answer: Be on the lookout for these signs in you or your family: Stiff neck that sometimes makes it hard to touch your chin to your chest Headache, which can be severe High fever Confusion Nausea or vomiting Discomfort from bright lights Sleepiness Seizures Rash Sometimes these symptoms follow a flu-like illness, ear infection, or sinus infection. If your child is too young to talk, you may have a hard time noticing these symptoms.


Question: Can a CT scan or MRI help diagnose endocarditis?

Answer: These tests use pictures to show your doctor if the infection has spread to another area of your body like your brain or chest.


Question: What is the treatment for endocarditis?

Answer: In most cases, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Usually, you will stay in the hospital for about a week to receive them through an IV. You may need IV antibiotics for between 2 and 6 weeks, but some of that might be from home. Your team at the hospital will help you make arrangements to finish the medication and receive follow-up care. In some cases, endocarditis requires surgery to completely clear it, or to replace a damaged heart valve.


Question: Can endocarditis cause blood to show up in your urine?

Answer: See blood in your urine. You might be able to see it on your own, or your doctor might see it under a microscope.


Question: Who is most at risk for endocarditis?

Answer: If you have a healthy heart, it's unlikely that you'll develop endocarditis. You're more likely to get it if you have heart problems or artificial heart valves, since this is where infection-causing germs can attach and multiply. Your odds are higher of getting endocarditis if you have damaged or artificial heart valves, or if you were born with a heart defect. You're also at greater odds if you've used intravenous drugs or had endocarditis in the past.


Question: Can endocarditis give you digestive trouble?

Answer: You could lose interest in food, feel sick to your stomach, or vomit.


Question: Can endocarditis cause swelling?

Answer: Your abdomen, legs, or feet could all have swelling.


Question: Can endocarditis cause a heart murmur?

Answer: Endocarditis can cause a new or additional heart murmur, or unusual sound in your heartbeat, or changes to an existing one.


Question: Can endocarditis make you feel like you have the flu?

Answer: The symptoms can also vary from person to person, but you may: Feel like you have the flu. You may develop a fever, chills, and night sweats. You might also feel achiness in your muscles and joints.


Question: Can an X-ray help diagnose endocarditis?

Answer: This will show if endocarditis has affected your heart or lungs.


Question: What do I do if my infant isn't breathing due to choking?

Answer: Hold the child face down on your forearm, supported by your thigh. Keep the child's torso higher than the head. Use the heel of your free hand to thump the child in between the shoulder blades up to five times. Turn the child face up, and keep supporting the head and neck. If the object is not out yet, go to step 4. Place the child on a firm surface, which may still be your forearm. Put two or three fingers in the center of the child's breastbone and push quickly up to five times. Repeat the back thumping and chest pushes until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness. If the child is still not breathing, open the airway by putting your thumb in the child's mouth and grasping the lower incisors or gums. The jaw should lift up so you can look for the object. Do not do a finger sweep.


Question: How can I try to dislodge an object that's causing my child to choke?

Answer: Hold the fist with your free hand and quickly push in and up. Repeat until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness.


Question: What should I do to help my child if they're choking?

Answer: Stand behind the child and wrap your arms around his waist. Place a fist just above the child's belly button. Hold the fist with your free hand and quickly push in and up. Repeat until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness. If the child loses consciousness, move the child to the floor and start CPR. Take the object out of his mouth only if you can see it. Never do a finger sweep unless you can see the object in the child's mouth.


Question: What is the structure of your back?

Answer: You might think of them as shock absorbers for your body. They cushion the bones when you move around. Ligaments and muscles hold the spine together. The entire area is called the thoracic spine. It works with your ribs to keep your body stable and protect vital organs such as your heart and lungs. Pain in your upper and middle back may be described as: Aching Stiffness Sharp Burning You might have more serious symptoms, too.


Question: What are symptoms of upper and middle back pain?

Answer: Pain in your upper and middle back may be described as: Aching Stiffness Sharp Burning You might have more serious symptoms, too. These can include: Weakness in your arms or legs Tingling or numbness in your arms, legs, chest, or belly Losing control of your bladder or bowels There are any number of reasons your upper and middle back can hurt.


Question: What are the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Avoidant personality disorder symptoms include a variety of behaviors, such as: Avoiding work, social, or school activities for fear of criticism or rejection. It may feel as if you are frequently unwelcome in social situations, even when that is not the case. This is because people with avoidant personality disorder have a low threshold for criticism and often imagine themselves to be inferior to others. Low self-esteem Self-isolation When in social situations, a person with avoidant personality disorder may be afraid to speak up for fear of saying the wrong thing, blushing, stammering, or otherwise getting embarrassed. You may also spend a great deal of time anxiously studying those around you for signs of approval or rejection. A person who has an avoidant personality disorder is aware of being uncomfortable in social situations and often feels socially inept. Despite this self-awareness, comments by others about your shyness or nervousness in social settings may feel like criticism or rejection. This is especially true if you are teased, even in a good-natured way, about your avoidance of social situations.


Question: How is avoidant personality disorder diagnosed?

Answer: Is unwilling to get involved with people unless they are certain of being liked. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.


Question: How is avoidant personality disorder treated?

Answer: As with other personality disorders, a mental health professional will design a treatment plan that is appropriate for you. Avoidant personality disorder treatments vary, but they will likely include talk therapy. If a co-existing condition, such as depression or anxiety disorder, is also diagnosed, appropriate medications may also be used.


Question: What is the social impact of avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: Avoidant personality disorder causes a fear of rejection that often makes it difficult to connect with other people. You may be hesitant to seek out friendships, unless you are certain that the other person will like you. When you are involved in a relationship, you may be afraid to share personal information or talk about your feelings. This can make it difficult to maintain intimate relationships or close friendships.


Question: Who is more likely to get avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: Avoidant behavior may commonly be seen in children or adolescents, but a diagnosis of a personality disorder cannot be made in childhood because shyness, fear of strangers, social awkwardness, or being sensitive to criticism are often a normal part of child and adolescent development. A mental health professional can assess your symptoms, make an accurate diagnosis, and suggest the appropriate treatment options.


Question: What is recommended for an accurate diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults?

Answer: In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, an adult must have persistent, current symptoms that date to childhood. ADHD symptoms continue as problems into adulthood for up to half of children with ADHD. For an accurate diagnosis, the following are recommended: A history of the adult's behavior as a child An interview with the adult's life partner, parent, close friend, or other close associate A thorough physical exam that may include neurological testing Psychological testing


Question: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in children?

Answer: The diagnosis involves gathering information from several sources, including schools, caregivers, and parents. The health care provider will consider how a child's behavior compares with that of other children the same age, and he or she may use standardized rating scales to document these behaviors.


Question: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in adults?

Answer: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult. Sometimes, an adult will recognize the symptoms of ADHD in himself or herself when a son or daughter is diagnosed. Other times, they will seek professional help for themselves and find that their depression, anxiety, or other symptoms are related to ADHD.


Question: What are the symptoms of ADHD in children?

Answer: Some symptoms that suggest ADHD in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings.


Question: What problems may affect the lives of adults with ADHD?

Answer: In addition to symptoms of inattention and/or impulsiveness, adults with ADHD may have other problems, including: Chronic lateness and forgetfulness Anxiety Poor organizational skills Low self-esteem Employment problems Short temper Difficulty finishing a task Unthinking and immediate response; difficulty controlling behavior Restlessness If these difficulties are not managed appropriately, they can cause emotional, social, occupational and academic problems in adults.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam. In addition, the health care provider should take a complete medical history to screen for other conditions that may affect a child's behavior.


Question: How is ADHD diagnosed in adults?

Answer: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult. Sometimes, an adult will recognize the symptoms of ADHD in himself or herself when a son or daughter is diagnosed. Other times, they will seek professional help for themselves and find that their depression, anxiety, or other symptoms are related to ADHD.


Question: What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Answer: Some symptoms that suggest ADHD in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings.


Question: What is necessary to provide for ADHD diagnosis in adults?

Answer: In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, an adult must have persistent, current symptoms that date to childhood. ADHD symptoms continue as problems into adulthood for up to half of children with ADHD. For an accurate diagnosis, the following are recommended: A history of the adult's behavior as a child An interview with the adult's life partner, parent, close friend, or other close associate A thorough physical exam that may include neurological testing Psychological testing


Question: Is there a test for ADHD?

Answer: There is no single test used to diagnose ADHD. Experts diagnose ADHD after a person has shown some or all of the symptoms on a regular basis for more than six months and in more than one setting.


Question: What medical examinations help diagnose ADHD in children?

Answer: Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam.


Question: What other conditions do doctors screen for during a child's ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult.


Question: What conditions can mimic attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors?

Answer: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult.


Question: What other problems may adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have?

Answer: In addition to symptoms of inattention and/or impulsiveness, adults with ADHD may have other problems, including: Chronic lateness and forgetfulness Anxiety Poor organizational skills Low self-esteem Employment problems Short temper Difficulty finishing a task Unthinking and immediate response; difficulty controlling behavior Restlessness If these difficulties are not managed appropriately, they can cause emotional, social, occupational and academic problems in adults.


Question: What can I expect with prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: It involves eight to 15 sessions, usually 90 minutes each. Early on in treatment, your therapist will teach you breathing techniques to ease your anxiety when you think about what happened. Later, you'll make a list of the things you've been avoiding and learn how to face them, one by one. In another session, you'll recount the traumatic experience to your therapist, then go home and listen to a recording of yourself. Doing this as "homework" over time may help ease your symptoms.


Question: What can I expect with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: CPT is a 12-week course of treatment, with weekly sessions of 60-90 minutes. At first, you'll talk about the traumatic event with your therapist and how your thoughts related to it have affected your life. Then you'll write in detail about what happened. This process helps you examine how you think about your trauma and figure out new ways to live with it. For example, maybe you've been blaming yourself for something.


Question: What happens during a generalized seizure?

Answer: Sometimes these are referred to as grand mal seizures. The person experiencing such a seizure may cry out or make some sound, stiffen for several seconds to a minute and then have rhythmic movements of the arms and legs. Often the rhythmic movements slow before stopping. Eyes are generally open. The person may appear to not be breathing and actually turn blue. This may be followed by a period of deep, noisy breathes. The return to consciousness is gradual and the person may be confused for quite some time -- minutes to hours.


Question: When is immunotherapy used as a second treatment for lung cancer?

Answer: Immunotherapy as Second Treatment If you have late-stage lung cancer that hasn't responded to platinum-based chemotherapy or that has started to come back after chemo or other drug treatments, your doctor may suggest you try a checkpoint inhibitor.


Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have a genetic form of high cholesterol?

Answer: Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough. People with FH usually take a statin and one or two other drugs.


Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if your statin hasn't helped?

Answer: Statins are a mainstay of cholesterol treatment. But they don't work well enough for everyone who takes them. If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment.


Question: What will your doctor consider along with your chances for heart disease when choosing a cholesterol treatment?

Answer: Along with your chances for heart disease, your doctor also will consider: Other medical conditions you have Side effects of the medication How much it costs Other medications you're taking What you feel comfortable with Different drugs work in different ways.


Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you can't take a statin?

Answer: The pills aren't safe for people with liver disease or women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Doctors will rely on other types of drugs to lower cholesterol.


Question: What drugs might your doctor recommend if your LDL cholesterol level is too high?

Answer: If your LDL levels are too high, your doctor might recommend: Statins,including atorvastatin ( Lipitor), fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastatin ( Altoprev, Mevacor), pravastatin ( Pravachol), rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor), simvastatin ( Flolipid, Zocor), or pitavastatin ( Livalo) Resins, also called bile acid sequestrants, like cholestyramine ( Locholest, Prevalite, Questran), colesevelam ( Wel Chol), and colestipol ( Colestid) Nicotinic acid (niacin).


Question: What drugs can lower triglycerides?

Answer: Omega-3 fatty acids.


Question: When should I have someone call 911 when I'm giving CPR?

Answer: Collapses Becomes unresponsive Tap the person's shoulder and shout, " Are you OK?"


Question: What are some additional symptoms of subdural hematoma?

Answer: Symptoms of subdural hematoma can include: Headache Confusion Change in behavior Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Lethargy or excessive drowsiness Weakness Apathy Seizures People may vary widely in their symptoms of subdural hematoma.


Question: How is subdural hematoma diagnosed?

Answer: People who come to medical attention after a head injury often undergo head imaging, usually with computed tomography ( CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI scan). These tests create images of the interior of the skull, usually detecting any subdural hematoma present. MRI is slightly superior to CT in detecting subdural hematoma, but CT is faster and more readily available. Rarely, angiography may be used to diagnose subdural hematoma. During angiography (angiogram), a catheter is inserted through an artery in the groin and threaded into the arteries of he neck and brain. Special dye is then injected, and an X-ray screen shows blood flow through the arteries and veins.


Question: What techniques are used to treat subdural hematomas?

Answer: More severe or dangerous subdural hematomas require surgery to reduce the pressure on the brain. Surgeons can use various techniques to treat subdural hematomas: Burr hole trephination. A hole is drilled in the skull over the area of the subdural hematoma, and the blood is suctioned out through the hole. Craniotomy. A larger section of the skull is removed, to allow better access to the subdural hematoma and reduce pressure. The removed skull is replaced shortly after the procedure. Craniectomy. A section of the skull is removed for an extended period of time, to allow the injured brain to expand and swell without permanent damage. Craniectomy is not often used to treat subdural hematoma. People with severe subdural hematomas are often seriously ill, requiring machine-supported breathing and other forms of life support.


Question: What causes a subdural hematoma?

Answer: Subdural hematoma is usually caused by a head injury, such as from a fall, motor vehicle collision, or an assault. The sudden blow to the head tears blood vessels that run along the surface of the brain. This is referred to as an acute subdural hematoma. People with a bleeding disorder and people who take blood thinners are more likely to develop a subdural hematoma. A relatively minor head injury can cause subdural hematoma in people with a bleeding tendency. In a chronic subdural hematoma, small veins on the outer surface of the brain may tear, causing bleeding in the subdural space. Symptoms may not be apparent for several days or weeks. Elderly people are at higher risk for chronic subdural hematoma because brain shrinkage causes these tiny veins to be more stretched and more vulnerable to tearing.


Question: What are the symptoms of subdural hematoma?

Answer: Symptoms of subdural hematoma depend mostly on the rate of bleeding: In head injuries with sudden, severe bleeding causing a subdural hematoma, a person may lose consciousness and become comatose immediately. A person may appear normal for days after a head injury, but slowly become confused and then unconscious several days later. This results from a slower rate of bleeding, causing a slowly enlarging subdural hematoma. In very slow-growing subdural hematomas, there may be no noticeable symptoms for more than two weeks after the bleeding starts. Symptoms of subdural hematoma can include: Headache Confusion Change in behavior Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Lethargy or excessive drowsiness Weakness Apathy Seizures People may vary widely in their symptoms of subdural hematoma.


Question: How are subdural hematomas treated?

Answer: Treatment of subdural hematomas depends on their severity. Treatment can range from watchful waiting to brain surgery. In small subdural hematomas with mild symptoms, doctors may recommend no specific treatment other than observation. Repeated head imaging tests are often performed to monitor whether the subdural hematoma is improving.


Question: What is used to improve blood clotting caused by subdural hematomas?

Answer: If a person has a bleeding problem or is taking blood thinners, measures should be taken to improve blood clotting. This may include giving medicines or blood products, and reversal of any blood thinners, when possible. Other medications to help reduce swelling or pressure in the brain or control seizures may also be used.


Question: Are low-tar or filtered cigarettes better for you than regular ones?

Answer: And don't be fooled by low-tar or filtered cigarettes -- they don't make a difference. The more cigarettes you smoke a day, no matter what kind, the higher your chances of having lung cancer. The number of years you smoke has an even bigger effect. So the sooner you quit, the better.


Question: Can you improve your health if you quit smoking?

Answer: Within just hours of your last cigarette, your health starts to get better. And if you quit, after a few years, your odds of getting cancer, heart disease, and other illnesses start to drop.


Question: What are statistics on smoking and lung cancer?

Answer: If you're a numbers person, consider: Tobacco smoke has about 250 harmful chemicals, and at least 69 of them can cause cancer. Men who smoke are 23 times more likely to get lung cancer, and women who do are 13 times more likely than nonsmokers. In the U. S., lung cancer from smoking causes 130,000 deaths a year, and another 7,300 people die from lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke. People who don't smoke are 20% to 30% more likely to get lung cancer if they live or work around secondhand smoke.


Question: How does secondhand smoke affect your lungs?

Answer: Secondhand smoke comes in two forms: Mainstream smoke that the smoker breathes out Sidestream smoke that comes from the burning cigarette or cigar With secondhand smoke, you breathe in the same chemicals as the person who's smoking, and they have the same effect. It doesn't matter to your lungs how the smoke gets there -- it can cause lung cancer either way. There's no safe amount of secondhand smoke. Even a little is bad for you. Just as with smoking, the more secondhand smoke you take in and the longer you're around it, the higher your risk of lung cancer. Living with a smoker can raise your chances by as much as 30%.


Question: Can rewarding yourself help you quit smoking?

Answer: Reward yourself: Quitting is hard work -- give yourself a treat when you meet a goal or resist a craving.


Question: How can keeping busy help you quit smoking?

Answer: Keep busy: When cravings come on, it helps to have something to distract you. From knitting to woodworking, you're less likely to light up if you can keep your hands busy.


Question: What are the two forms of secondhand smoke?

Answer: Secondhand smoke comes in two forms: Mainstream smoke that the smoker breathes out Sidestream smoke that comes from the burning cigarette or cigar With secondhand smoke, you breathe in the same chemicals as the person who's smoking, and they have the same effect.


Question: What are vaping devices?

Answer: With vaping, you don't get tar, carbon monoxide, or many other harmful substances you get with regular cigarettes. But you typically still get nicotine, the chemical that makes them so addictive. Generally, it seems that e-cigarettes and things like them are safer than smoking, but that doesn't mean they're safe.


Question: Can support and talking to your doctor help you quit smoking?

Answer: Find support: It's tough to kick the habit alone, but others can help -- a good friend, a loved one, or a support group, for example. Talk to your doctor: She can suggest medicine or programs that might work for you.


Question: Can making a list of reasons why you want to quit smoking help you kick the habit?

Answer: Make a list of reasons to quit: Saving money, whiter teeth, more energy -- whatever your reasons, make a list of them and read it every day.


Question: Can marijuana lead to lung cancer?

Answer: Because it's been illegal, it's been hard to do research on it. Like tobacco, it does have tar and other chemicals known to cause cancer. So while there could be a link between smoking marijuana and lung cancer, there's not enough research to know for sure.


Question: When should  you call the doctor about problems after you have a hysteroscopy?

Answer: Just like any medical procedure, you could have some complications from a hysteroscopy, including: Problems from the anesthesia Infection Tearing or damage to your cervix, though this is rare Problems with gas or fluid from the uterus Damage to nearby organs like the bladder, bowel, or ovaries Pelvic inflammatory disease If you experience symptoms like a fever, severe abdominal pain, or heavy bleeding after the procedure, call your doctor immediately or go to the emergency room.


Question: How is a hysteroscopy done?

Answer: A hysteroscopy can either be in a hospital or at your doctor's office. You can be either awake or under general anesthesia during the procedure. If you're awake, your doctor will give you medicine to help you relax. She'll also use medication or tools called dilators to help open your cervix. She'll likely use a tool called a speculum to keep your vagina open. If you've ever had a Pap smear, your doctor has probably used one during that procedure, too. Next, she'll gently insert the hysteroscope through the cervix into your uterus. Then she'll push gas or a liquid-like saline through the hysteroscope into your uterus to expand it. This will give her a clear view of its lining and the opening of your fallopian tubes through the hysteroscope.


Question: What will happen during a hysteroscopy?

Answer: During a hysteroscopy, your doctor inserts a hysteroscope -- a thin tube with light on the end -- into your vagina. She'll be able to see into your cervix and inside your uterus. If she finds anything abnormal, she can take a sample for later testing.


Question: What are the advantages of taking Depo-Provera?

Answer: In addition to preventing pregnancy, this medication has other benefits: You don't have to remember to take it every day or use it before sex. It provides long-term protection as long as you get the shot every 3 months. It's highly effective. You get birth control without having to take estrogen.


Question: Can I get pregnant after I stop using Depo-Provera?

Answer: But it takes some women up to a year or two to conceive after they stop using this type of birth control. This time frame doesn't seem to be linked to how long you got the shots.


Question: How soon does Depo-Provera work?

Answer: Depo- Provera starts to work as birth control immediately if you get it within the first 5 days of your menstrual period.


Question: Can any woman use Depo-Provera?

Answer: It's OK for most women. But you shouldn't get it if you have: Unexplained vaginal bleeding Liver disease Breast cancer Blood clots Your doctor will be cautious about giving it to you if you're a teenager, or if you have: Diabetes A history of depression A history of heart attack or stroke Osteoporosis or a high risk for it They can include: Irregular menstrual periods, or no periods at all Headaches Nervousness Depression Dizziness Acne Changes in appetite Weight gain Unwanted facial and body hair Hair loss Loss of bone mineral density Belly pain Bloating Breakthrough bleeding Fatigue Less interest in sex Weakness Changes to your menstrual cycle are the most common side effects.


Question: What are the side effects of Depo-Provera?

Answer: But you shouldn't get it if you have: Unexplained vaginal bleeding Liver disease Breast cancer Blood clots Your doctor will be cautious about giving it to you if you're a teenager, or if you have: Diabetes A history of depression A history of heart attack or stroke Osteoporosis or a high risk for it They can include: Irregular menstrual periods, or no periods at all Headaches Nervousness Depression Dizziness Acne Changes in appetite Weight gain Unwanted facial and body hair Hair loss Loss of bone mineral density Belly pain Bloating Breakthrough bleeding Fatigue Less interest in sex Weakness Changes to your menstrual cycle are the most common side effects. You may have irregular bleeding or spotting. After a year of use, about 50% of women will stop getting their periods. If this happens to you, your period should come back when you stop getting the shots. Long-term use of Depo- Provera may lead to loss of bone mineral density, which makes you more likely to get osteoporosis. Your chances are even higher if you've taken the shot for longer than 2 years, especially if osteoporosis runs in your family, you drink a lot, you smoke, or you have other risk factors for the condition.


Question: What are the risks of fluoride use?

Answer: Fluoride is safe and effective when used as directed but can be hazardous at high doses (the "toxic" dosage level varies based on an individual's weight). For this reason, it's important for parents to carefully supervise their children's use of fluoride-containing products and to keep fluoride products out of reach of children, especially children under the age of 6. In addition, excess fluoride can cause defects in the tooth's enamel that range from barely noticeable white specks or streaks to cosmetically objectionable brown discoloration. These defects are known as fluorosis and occur when the teeth are forming -- usually in children younger than 6 years.


Question: What should you know about fluoride?

Answer: Fluoride helps prevent tooth decay by making the tooth more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. It also reverses early decay. In children under 6 years of age, fluoride becomes incorporated into the development of permanent teeth, making it difficult for acids to demineralize the teeth. Fluoride also helps speed remineralization as well as disrupts acid production in already erupted teeth of both children and adults.


Question: What are the different forms of fluoride?

Answer: As mentioned, fluoride is found in foods and in water. It can also be directly applied to the teeth through fluoridated toothpastes and mouth rinses. Mouth rinses containing fluoride in lower strengths are available over-the-counter; stronger concentrations require a doctor's prescription. A dentist in his or her office can also apply fluoride to the teeth as a gel, foam, or varnish. These treatments contain a much higher level of fluoride than the amount found in toothpastes and mouth rinses. Varnishes are painted on the teeth; foams are put into a mouth guard, which is applied to the teeth for one to four minutes; gels can be painted on or applied via a mouth guard. Fluoride supplements are also available as liquids and tablets and must be prescribed by your dentist, pediatrician, or family doctor.


Question: What should you keep in mind when using fluoride?

Answer: Keep in mind, however, that it's very difficult to reach hazardous levels given the low levels of fluoride in home-based fluoride-containing products. Nonetheless, if you do have concerns or questions about the amount of fluoride you or your child may be receiving, talk to your child's dentist, pediatrician, or family doctor.


Question: Does a home water treatment system affect the level of fluoride in my drinking water?

Answer: The amount of fluoride you receive in your drinking water depends on the type of home water treatment system used. Steam distillation systems remove 100% of fluoride content. Reverse osmosis systems remove between 65% and 95% of the fluoride. On the other hand, water softeners and charcoal/carbon filters generally do not remove fluoride. One exception: some activated carbon filters contain activated alumina that may remove over 80% of the fluoride.


Question: How can I find out how much fluoride is in my tap water?

Answer: To find out how much fluoride is in your tap water, ask your local dentist, contact your local or state health department, or contact your local water supplier. Information for contacting your local water supplier should be on your water bill or see the "local government" section of your phone book.


Question: Am I missing out on the benefits of fluoride if I drink bottled water?

Answer: Even though there are no scientific studies to suggest that people who drink bottled water are at increased risk of tooth decay, the American Dental Association ( ADA) says that such people could be missing out on the decay-preventing effects of optimally fluoridated water available from their community water source.


Question: Can sleeping upright help an ear infection?

Answer: While it may sound strange, resting or sleeping sitting up rather than lying down can encourage fluid in your ear to drain. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear. Prop yourself up in bed with a stack of pillows, or sleep in an armchair that's a bit reclined.


Question: How can chewing gum help with ear pain?

Answer: If you're on an airplane or driving at high altitudes and your ear pain is from the change in air pressure, chew some gum. It can help lower that pressure and ease your symptoms.


Question: Should you treat your ear pain at home?

Answer: While research that says home remedies work for ear pain is scarce, most doctors agree these treatments are safe to try at home. Still, before you do, it's a good idea to talk with your doctor. Some options include: A cool or warm compress.


Question: When should you call a doctor about ear pain?

Answer: It's important to know when your discomfort might be a sign of something more serious. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: What signs and symptoms of an ear infection should I call my doctor about?

Answer: It's important to know when your discomfort might be a sign of something more serious. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: What can I take for pain because of an ear infection?

Answer: Try a pain reliever. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can often relieve the pain of an earache. Ask your doctor which is right for you.


Question: Can you treat an ear infection at home?

Answer: Still, it's helpful to know how you can treat ear pain at home. While research that says home remedies work for ear pain is scarce, most doctors agree these treatments are safe to try at home. Still, before you do, it's a good idea to talk with your doctor.


Question: How can sleeping upright help with ear pain?

Answer: While it may sound strange, resting or sleeping sitting up rather than lying down can encourage fluid in your ear to drain. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear. Prop yourself up in bed with a stack of pillows, or sleep in an armchair that's a bit reclined.


Question: Which pain relievers should you use for ear pain?

Answer: Ask your doctor which is right for you.


Question: Can a preventative mastectomy prevent breast cancer?

Answer: A preventive mastectomy might also be considered if the woman has the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation that increases her risk of developing breast cancer, a strong family history of breast cancer, a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), a family history of breast cancer, or history of radiation to the chest before age 30. A recent study suggests that prophylactic mastectomy may reduce the risk of breast cancer by up to 100% if there is a strong family history of breast cancer or a BRCA genetic mutation. However, risk reduction results vary widely for many reasons. In some studies, women had prophylactic mastectomies for non-high risk reasons, such as pain, fibrocystic breast disease, dense breast tissue, cancer phobia, or a family history of breast cancer.


Question: Who should have a preventative mastectomy?

Answer: According to the National Cancer Institute, only those women who are at very high risk of breast cancer should consider preventive mastectomy. This includes women with one or more of the following risk factors: BRCA or certain other gene mutations Strong family history of breast cancer Previous cancer in one breast and high risk of developing breast cancer in the opposite breast History of lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS) plus family history of breast cancer History of radiation to the chest before age 30 Preventive mastectomy should only be considered after you've received the appropriate genetic and psychological counseling to discuss the psychosocial impacts of the procedure.


Question: How much do I need to exercise to improve diabetes?

Answer: Quick Gym- Free Workouts Anything that gets your heart pumping and makes you break a sweat will do. You don't need a health club membership or personal trainer. And here's a little secret: You don't have to do 30 minutes all at once. Ten minutes in the morning, 10 minutes in the afternoon, and 10 minutes after dinner is just fine.


Question: How can exercise help with diabetes?

Answer: Exercise With Diabetes: Tips for Working Out You may have heard exercise helps you burn extra sugar in your body and that it can make your body more sensitive to insulin, which is a good thing. It's true! Exercise can also bust stress and boost your mood and overall health.


Question: What are some tips for exercising with diabetes?

Answer: Exercise Safely Get your doctor's OK before starting an exercise program. Make sure your doctor reviews your diabetes drugs. Carry at least 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate in case of low blood sugar. It might be a half-cup of fruit juice or glucose tablets or gels that equal 15 grams. Wear well-fitting shoes that are for the activity you're doing, and choose athletic polyester socks. They dry quicker and cause less friction than all-cotton socks. Inspect your feet before and after exercise. Check for blisters or sores. Drink plenty of fluid before, during, and after exercise. Wear a medical ID bracelet or carry a medical ID in your pocket. Check your blood sugar level before and after exercise to make sure it's in your target range. Your doctor can tell you what it should be before you start exercising. This is very important if you take insulin. After an intense workout or exercising for a long time, you may want to eat something with at least 15 grams of carbohydrates within 2 hours. This will help you avoid low blood sugar. If you become shaky, anxious, or more sweaty than usual, or feel a change in your heartbeat, stop exercising right away and check your blood sugar. If it is low, follow your doctor's advice about how to treat it. Always warm up for 5 to 10 minutes at the start of your workout. For instance, walk or bike slowly. Do 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down and gentle stretching at the end.


Question: How can I sneak activity into my daily life to improve diabetes?

Answer: Try to sneak activity into your day when and where you can: When doing work around the house, pump up some fun music and make all your movements bigger. Squat while you work: Bend from the hips and knees like you're sitting down in a chair. Make sure your knees don't go farther forward than your toes. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. If you're going to a high floor, get off a couple of floors below and climb the rest of the way. Don't call or email your colleagues at work. Walk over to a co-worker's desk for a face-to-face. Walk or pace when you're on the phone, at home, or at work. Park your car at the far end of the parking lot.


Question: What is the link between sleep habits and diabetes?

Answer: While diet and obesity are big contributors to your odds of having diabetes, studies have found that sleep habits are, too, probably because over time, they can affect how well your cells respond to insulin. In one study, more than 4,000 people reported the amount of sleep they got each night. Those who got less than 6 hours were twice as likely to have cells that were less sensitive to insulin or to have full-blown diabetes. This was true even after the researchers took other lifestyle habits into account. Other sleep disruptions and disorders, such as sleep apnea, also seem to raise a person's odds of having diabetes. But the risk goes up at the other end of the spectrum, too. For reasons that aren't clear, people who sleep too much -- more than 9 hours a night -- might also have higher chances of getting diabetes.


Question: How does lack of sleep affect your blood sugar?

Answer: It's hard to know for certain. Many studies have suggested that short sleepers (those who get less than 6 hours per night) have irregular eating habits, snack more, and are more likely to eat unhealthy foods. Other research has found that shortchanging sleep can directly affect how the body makes other hormones, which in turn affect blood sugar. For example, when you stay up late, your body makes more of the hormone cortisol, which affects how insulin works. Also, growing evidence shows that disrupting your body's biological clock ( AKA your circadian rhythm) by being awake at night can make your cells more resistant to insulin. In one study, researchers altered the circadian rhythms of 16 healthy volunteers by allowing only 5 hours of sleep each night for 5 nights, much like a sleep-deprived workweek. When those volunteers ate food at night -- a time when the body isn't biologically prepared for a spike in blood sugar -- their bodies didn't use insulin normally.


Question: How can you manage working at night to keep blood sugar in balance?

Answer: And get some exercise during your breaks, like short walks or stretches. If you're concerned about your blood sugar: Getting a good night's sleep on a regular basis will go a long way toward helping your body use insulin efficiently. Along with getting enough sleep, avoid eating late at night, and try to get some exercise after dinner, like going for a walk. If you have diabetes: If your blood sugar is often too high in the morning, talk to your doctor.


Question: What can you do to keep a good blood sugar balance if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes: If your blood sugar is often too high in the morning, talk to your doctor. You may need to do some extra blood sugar testing or use a continuous glucose monitor to figure out what's going on, which will determine how you should handle it. Your doctor may suggest a tweak to your diabetes medicines or your exercise routine.


Question: What kinds of foods may have sulfites?

Answer: Examples of foods that may contain sulfites include: Baked goods Soup mixes Jams Canned vegetables Pickled foods Gravies Dried fruit Potato chips Trail mix Beer and wine Vegetable juices Sparkling grape juice Apple cider Bottled lemon juice and lime juice Tea Many condiments Molasses Fresh or frozen shrimp Guacamole Maraschino cherries Dehydrated, pre-cut, or peeled potatoes Ingredients with sulfite to look for on food labels include: Sulfur dioxide Potassium bisulfite or potassium metabisulfite Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium sulfite


Question: Which ingredients with sulfite should you look out for on food labels?

Answer: Examples of foods that may contain sulfites include: Baked goods Soup mixes Jams Canned vegetables Pickled foods Gravies Dried fruit Potato chips Trail mix Beer and wine Vegetable juices Sparkling grape juice Apple cider Bottled lemon juice and lime juice Tea Many condiments Molasses Fresh or frozen shrimp Guacamole Maraschino cherries Dehydrated, pre-cut, or peeled potatoes Ingredients with sulfite to look for on food labels include: Sulfur dioxide Potassium bisulfite or potassium metabisulfite Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium sulfite


Question: Should I get mold in my house tested?

Answer: That's up to you, but the CDC doesn't recommend it. Mold is everywhere, and there aren't guidelines for safe levels of it. If you have mold, it's best to get rid of it no matter what kind it is. It can make you sick and damage your home.


Question: Can mold make you sick?

Answer: Allergies are the most common health problem that mold causes. You may get symptoms like: Coughing Itchy, irritated eyes Sneezing Stuffy or runny nose Wheezing Mold can also trigger an asthma attack.


Question: What is toxic mold?

Answer: But if you have a long-term lung condition or a weak immune system, it can lead to more serious issues, such as: Aspergillosis, an infection that causes chest pain and trouble breathing Pneumonia, where you get swelling in the air sacs of your lungs Pneumonitis, where your immune system attacks your lung cells and causes swelling Some molds do make toxins, but scientists don't actually call them âtoxicâ molds. That name came more from the news than science. Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus.


Question: Is there any link between mold and lung cancer?

Answer: The only possible link is this: Mold can cause pulmonary fibrosis ( PF), which is scarring in your lungs. If you have PF for a long time, it can make you more likely to get lung cancer. But most of the time, people don't know how they got PF, and mold isn't a leading cause. So even this possibility isn't strong.


Question: What can mold lead to?

Answer: But if you have a long-term lung condition or a weak immune system, it can lead to more serious issues, such as: Aspergillosis, an infection that causes chest pain and trouble breathing Pneumonia, where you get swelling in the air sacs of your lungs Pneumonitis, where your immune system attacks your lung cells and causes swelling Some molds do make toxins, but scientists don't actually call them âtoxicâ molds.


Question: If I have Crohn's disease, should I talk to my doctor before taking vitamin supplements?

Answer: Don't make the supplements decision by yourself. Talk to your doctor first. While they can help you be better nourished, some can affect the way your Crohn's drugs work or make your symptoms worse. Your doctor may want to test your levels of iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals. What you need may also depend on where the damage is in your intestines. Together, you can decide which supplements could help you feel better.


Question: What are the symptoms of hepatitis C in its early stages?

Answer: The symptoms are similar to those of the flu, but you might not have symptoms at all. If you do, they may include: Belly pain Clay-colored poop Dark urine Fatigue Fever Jaundice (yellow tint to your skin or eyes) Joint pain Poor appetite Nausea Vomiting Symptoms usually show up between 2 and 12 weeks after exposure to the virus.


Question: What are signs of cirrhosis in people with hepatitis C?

Answer: Some people who've had it for a while get liver cancer or scarring of the liver, which is called cirrhosis. In addition to the above symptoms, signs that your liver isn't working the way it should include: Ascites -- fluid buildup in your belly Easy bleeding Easy bruising Hepatic encephalopathy -- confusion, drowsiness, and slurred speech Hives or rashes Itchy skin Spider angiomas -- spidery blood vessels under your skin Swollen legs Weight loss You could get scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis, after you've had hepatitis C for 20 or 30 years. If you have it, you might: Retain water Bleed and bruise easily Notice skin and eyes turning yellow with jaundice No.


Question: How are clinical trials used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Clinical trials are a way to try new medications and treatments that researchers are testing. The goal is to find out how well these treatments work and what side effects they could have. People with lung cancer who participate in lung cancer clinical trials get the most effective therapy that's already available, or they may receive new lung cancer treatments that are being tested for future use.


Question: What is CenterWatch?

Answer: Center Watch This web site lists industry-sponsored clinical trials that are recruiting patients.


Question: What is Trial Check?

Answer: Trial Check This website, developed by the nonprofit Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups, is the leading cancer clinical trial search engine. You can search for cancer trials based on disease and location.


Question: What is ClinicalTrials.gov?

Answer: Clinical Trials.gov This website, a service of the National Institutes of Health, is a database of clinical studies worldwide.


Question: Where can I get more information about clinical trials?

Answer: You can ask your doctor to help you find a clinical trial, what's involved, and what to consider -- for instance, if you'd need to travel to take part. You can also check these websites for information.


Question: What is the National Cancer Institute?

Answer: National Cancer Institute This website lists more than 6,000 cancer clinical trials and explains what to do when you find one that you think is right for you.


Question: How do you get corneal diseases?

Answer: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped "window" at the front of your eye. It helps to focus the light that comes in. Disease, infection, injury, and exposure to toxins can damage it.


Question: How does glaucoma affect you?

Answer: A common form is primary open angle glaucoma. Most people who have it don't have early symptoms or pain. So it's important to keep up with your regular eye exams.


Question: When does presbyopia happen?

Answer: This happens when you lose the ability, despite good distance vision, to clearly see close objects and small print. After age 40 or so, you may have to hold a book or other reading material farther away from your eyes to make it easier to read.


Question: What does it mean when you have corneal diseases?

Answer: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped "window" at the front of your eye. It helps to focus the light that comes in. Disease, infection, injury, and exposure to toxins can damage it. Signs include: Red eyes Watery eyes Pain Reduced vision, or a halo effect The main treatment methods include: A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription Medicated eye drops Surgery Your eyelids do a lot for you.


Question: How can you treat vision changes as you get older?

Answer: As you get older, you may find that you can't see as well as you once did. That's normal. You'll probably need glasses or contacts. You may choose to have surgery ( LASIK) to correct your vision. If you already have glasses, you may need a stronger prescription.


Question: When should you see an eye doctor about problems with contact lenses?

Answer: If you do everything right and still have problems with your contacts, see your eye doctor. You might have allergies, dry eyes, or just be better off with glasses. Once you know what the problem is, you can decide what's best for you.


Question: What can you do to restore good reading vision if you have presbyopia?

Answer: Reading glasses, contact lenses, LASIK, which is laser eye surgery, and other procedures can be used to restore good reading vision.


Question: What are floaters?

Answer: These are tiny spots or specks that float across your field of vision. Most people notice them in well-lit rooms or outdoors on a bright day.


Question: What does it mean to have crossed eyes (strabismus)?

Answer: If your eyes aren't lined up with each other when you look at something, you could have strabismus. You might also hear it called crossed eyes or walleye. This problem won't go away on its own. You'll need to get an ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, to correct it.


Question: What does it mean if you see floaters?

Answer: Floaters are usually normal, but they sometimes can be a sign of a more serious eye problem, like retinal detachment. That's when the retina at the back of your eye separates from the layer underneath. When this happens, you might also see light flashes along with the floaters or a dark shadow come across the edge of your sight.


Question: What does it mean to be colorblind?

Answer: When you can't see certain colors, or can't tell the difference between them (usually reds and greens), you may be colorblind. It happens when the color cells in your eye (the doctor will call them cone cells) are absent or don't work. When it's most severe, you can only see in shades of gray, but this is rare. Most people who have it are born with it, but you can get it later in life from certain drugs and diseases. Your doctor can tell you what's to blame. Men are much more likely to be born with it than women.


Question: How can you avoid problems with contact lenses?

Answer: They work well for many people, but you need to take care of them. Wash your hands before you touch them. Follow the care guidelines that came with your prescription. And follow these rules: Never wet them by putting them in your mouth. That can make an infection more likely. Make sure your lenses fit properly, so they don't scratch your eyes. Use eye drops that say they're safe for contact lenses. Never use homemade saline solutions. Even though some lenses are FDA-approved for sleeping in them, doing so raises the risk of a serious infection.


Question: How can you avoid pinkeye?

Answer: People of all ages can get it. Causes include infection, exposure to chemicals and irritants, or allergies.


Question: What does it mean if you have retinal disorders?

Answer: The retina is a thin lining on the back of your eye that is made up of cells that collect images and pass them on to your brain. Retinal disorders block this transfer.


Question: What causes glaucoma?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but glaucoma can be caused by: An injury to the eye Blocked blood vessels Inflammatory disorders of the eye Treatment includes prescription eye drops or surgery.


Question: What does it mean when I have cross eyes?

Answer: If your eyes aren't lined up with each other when you look at something, you could have strabismus. You might also hear it called crossed eyes or walleye. This problem won't go away on its own. You'll need to get an ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, to correct it.


Question: Why do you have red eyes?

Answer: Their surface is covered in blood vessels that expand when they're irritated or infected. That gives your eyes the red look.


Question: When should you see a doctor about floaters?

Answer: As you get older, you may find that you can't see as well as you once did.


Question: Who can get conjunctivitis (pinkeye)?

Answer: People of all ages can get it. Causes include infection, exposure to chemicals and irritants, or allergies.


Question: How do you get eyestrain?

Answer: Anyone who reads for hours, works at a computer, or drives long distances knows about this one. It happens when you overuse your eyes. They get tired and need to rest, just like any other part of your body.


Question: How do doctors diagnose colorblindness?

Answer: Your eye doctor can diagnose it with a simple test. There's no treatment if you're born with it, but special contacts and glasses can help some people tell the difference between certain colors.


Question: How is a lazy eye treated?

Answer: Lifelong vision problems can be avoided if a lazy eye is detected and treated during early childhood. Treatment includes corrective glasses or contact lenses and using a patch or other strategies to make a child use the lazy eye.


Question: What does it mean to have dry eyes?

Answer: This happens when your eyes can't make enough good-quality tears. You might feel like something is in your eye or like it's burning. Rarely, in severe cases, extreme dryness can lead to some loss of vision.


Question: When should you call a doctor about your vision changes?

Answer: Some vision changes can be dangerous and need immediate medical care. Anytime you have a sudden loss of vision, or everything looks blurry -- even if it's temporary -- see a doctor right away. Go to the emergency room or call 911.


Question: Who is more likely to get uveitis?

Answer: People with immune system conditions like AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, or ulcerative colitis may be more likely to have uveitis. Symptoms may include: Blurred vision Eye pain Eye redness Light sensitivity See your doctor if you have these symptoms and they don't go away within a few days. There are different kinds of treatment for uveitis, depending on the type you have.


Question: How do I know if I am colorblind?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you what's to blame. Men are much more likely to be born with it than women. Your eye doctor can diagnose it with a simple test.


Question: How can you treat eyelid problems?

Answer: Treatment could include proper cleaning, medication, or surgery.


Question: What should I do if my eyes feel strained?

Answer: Anyone who reads for hours, works at a computer, or drives long distances knows about this one. It happens when you overuse your eyes. They get tired and need to rest, just like any other part of your body. If your eyes feel strained, give them some time off. If they're still weary after a few days, check with your doctor to make sure it isn't another problem.


Question: Can you fix presbyopia?

Answer: Reading glasses, contact lenses, LASIK, which is laser eye surgery, and other procedures can be used to restore good reading vision.


Question: Are eye floaters normal?

Answer: Floaters are usually normal, but they sometimes can be a sign of a more serious eye problem, like retinal detachment. That's when the retina at the back of your eye separates from the layer underneath. When this happens, you might also see light flashes along with the floaters or a dark shadow come across the edge of your sight.


Question: When should I see a doctor about dry eyes?

Answer: Some treatments include: Using a humidifier in your home Special eye drops that work like real tears Plugs in your tear ducts to lessen drainage Lipiflow, a procedure that uses heat and pressure to treat dry eyes Testosterone eyelid cream Nutritional supplements with fish oil and omega-3 If your dry eye problem is chronic, you may have dry eye disease. You doctor could prescribe medicated drops like cyclosporine ( Cequa, Restasis) or lifitegrast ( Xiidra) to stimulate tear production.


Question: How do you know if you have a corneal disease?

Answer: Signs include: Red eyes Watery eyes Pain Reduced vision, or a halo effect The main treatment methods include: A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription Medicated eye drops Surgery Your eyelids do a lot for you.


Question: How do you get dry eyes?

Answer: This happens when your eyes can't make enough good-quality tears. You might feel like something is in your eye or like it's burning. Rarely, in severe cases, extreme dryness can lead to some loss of vision.


Question: How do you know if you have eyelid problems?

Answer: Signs include: Red eyes Watery eyes Pain Reduced vision, or a halo effect The main treatment methods include: A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription Medicated eye drops Surgery Your eyelids do a lot for you. They protect your eye, spread tears over its surface, and limit the amount of light that can get in. Pain, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light are common symptoms of eyelid problems. You might also have blinking spasms or inflamed outer edges near your eyelashes. Treatment could include proper cleaning, medication, or surgery.


Question: How can you treat corneal disease?

Answer: Signs include: Red eyes Watery eyes Pain Reduced vision, or a halo effect The main treatment methods include: A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription Medicated eye drops Surgery Your eyelids do a lot for you.


Question: Are there rules for using contact lenses?

Answer: And follow these rules: Never wet them by putting them in your mouth. That can make an infection more likely. Make sure your lenses fit properly, so they don't scratch your eyes. Use eye drops that say they're safe for contact lenses. Never use homemade saline solutions. Even though some lenses are FDA-approved for sleeping in them, doing so raises the risk of a serious infection. If you do everything right and still have problems with your contacts, see your eye doctor.


Question: How do you get presbyopia?

Answer: This happens when you lose the ability, despite good distance vision, to clearly see close objects and small print. After age 40 or so, you may have to hold a book or other reading material farther away from your eyes to make it easier to read.


Question: What if I have problems with my contact lenses even if I am taking care of them right?

Answer: If you do everything right and still have problems with your contacts, see your eye doctor. You might have allergies, dry eyes, or just be better off with glasses. Once you know what the problem is, you can decide what's best for you.


Question: What are the different types of retinal disorder?

Answer: There are different types: Age-related macular degeneration refers to a breakdown of a small portion of the retina called the macula. Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels in your retina caused by diabetes. Retinal detachment happens when the retina separates from the layer underneath. It's important to get an early diagnosis and have these conditions treated.


Question: How should I take care of my contact lenses?

Answer: They work well for many people, but you need to take care of them. Wash your hands before you touch them.


Question: What does it mean when I have excess tearing?

Answer: It has nothing to do with your feelings. You might be sensitive to light, wind, or temperature changes. Try to protect your eyes by shielding them or wearing sunglasses (go for wraparound frames -- they block more wind than other types).


Question: How do you get pinkeye?

Answer: In this condition, tissue that lines the back of your eyelids and covers your sclera gets inflamed. It can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discharge, or a feeling that something is in your eye. People of all ages can get it. Causes include infection, exposure to chemicals and irritants, or allergies. Wash your hands often to lower your chance of getting it.


Question: Are there treatments for colorblindness?

Answer: There's no treatment if you're born with it, but special contacts and glasses can help some people tell the difference between certain colors.


Question: Can I avoid vision problems if I have a lazy eye?

Answer: Lifelong vision problems can be avoided if a lazy eye is detected and treated during early childhood. Treatment includes corrective glasses or contact lenses and using a patch or other strategies to make a child use the lazy eye.


Question: How do I know I my vision change needs immediate medical care?

Answer: Some vision changes can be dangerous and need immediate medical care. Anytime you have a sudden loss of vision, or everything looks blurry -- even if it's temporary -- see a doctor right away. Go to the emergency room or call 911.


Question: What can happen to my vision as I age?

Answer: Other, more serious conditions also happen as you age. Eye diseases like macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts, can cause vision problems. Symptoms vary a lot among these disorders, so keep up with your eye exams.


Question: What is a retinal disorder?

Answer: The retina is a thin lining on the back of your eye that is made up of cells that collect images and pass them on to your brain. Retinal disorders block this transfer.


Question: What diseases can cause vision problems?

Answer: Other, more serious conditions also happen as you age. Eye diseases like macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts, can cause vision problems. Symptoms vary a lot among these disorders, so keep up with your eye exams.


Question: How can you treat dry eyes?

Answer: Some treatments include: Using a humidifier in your home Special eye drops that work like real tears Plugs in your tear ducts to lessen drainage Lipiflow, a procedure that uses heat and pressure to treat dry eyes Testosterone eyelid cream Nutritional supplements with fish oil and omega-3 If your dry eye problem is chronic, you may have dry eye disease.


Question: Is it normal for my vision to change?

Answer: As you get older, you may find that you can't see as well as you once did. That's normal. You'll probably need glasses or contacts. You may choose to have surgery ( LASIK) to correct your vision. If you already have glasses, you may need a stronger prescription.


Question: Who can get uveitis?

Answer: People with immune system conditions like AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, or ulcerative colitis may be more likely to have uveitis.


Question: What are the symptoms of genital warts?

Answer: You might feel itching, bleeding, burning, or pain. But genital warts can often take months or years to show, if they ever do. Your doctor will decide whether your genital warts need treatment with medications, cryotherapy (freezing off the warts), surgery, or an acid solution.


Question: What do you need to know about abdominal pain?

Answer: Just about everybody at one time or another will get a bellyache. Most causes of abdominal pain aren't worrisome, and your doctor can easily diagnose and treat the problem. Sometimes, though, it can be a sign of a serious illness. Learn which symptoms to watch out for and when you should get medical help.


Question: What are the most common causes of abdominal pain?

Answer: Whether you've got a mild ache, sharp pain, or cramps, abdominal pain can have many causes. For instance, you might have indigestion, constipation, a stomach virus, or, if you're a woman, menstrual cramps.


Question: How does your doctor figure out the cause of your abdominal pain?

Answer: For example, get medical care right away if you have abdominal pain and you also: Vomit blood Notice bloody or black, tarry bowel movements Have trouble breathing Vomit constantly Have swelling in your belly Have yellow skin Are pregnant Since there are so many possible causes, your doctor will do a thorough physical exam. She'll also ask you some questions about your symptoms. She'll want to know what type of pain you have. For instance, is it a severe stabbing pain or a dull ache?


Question: What questions might your doctor ask you to figure out the cause of your abdominal pain?

Answer: Some other questions your doctor may ask you: Does it hurt throughout your abdomen, or is it just in one particular area? When does it hurt? Always? More often in the morning or at night? If the pain comes and goes, about how long does it last each time? Does it hurt after you eat certain foods or drink alcohol? Are you in pain during menstruation? How long have you been hurting? Does the pain sometimes move into your lower back, shoulder, groin, or buttocks? Do you take any medications or herbal supplements? Are you pregnant? Does any activity ease the pain, such as eating or lying on one side? Does an activity or position make the pain worse? Were you injured recently?


Question: What are other possible causes of abdominal pain?

Answer: Other possible causes include: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) Crohn's disease Food poisoning Food allergies Gas You may also get abdominal pain if you're lactose intolerant or have ulcers or pelvic inflammatory disease. Some other causes include: Hernia Gallstones Kidney stones Endometriosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Appendicitis Diverticulitis If your abdominal pain is severe, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back, talk to your doctor.


Question: When should you contact your doctor about your abdominal pain?

Answer: Some other causes include: Hernia Gallstones Kidney stones Endometriosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Appendicitis Diverticulitis If your abdominal pain is severe, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back, talk to your doctor. Call 911 right away if your belly hurts because you had a recent injury there or if you have any chest pain. You should also contact her as soon as you can if you have symptoms along with the pain, such as: Fever Can't keep food down for more than 2 days Signs you're getting dehydrated, including not urinating frequently, dark-colored urine, and being very thirsty Can't have a bowel movement, especially if you're also vomiting Pain when you pee, or you need to urinate often Also call your doctor if: Your belly is tender to the touch.


Question: What might your doctor recommend after your examination for stomach pain?

Answer: After your exam is over and your doctor is done asking you questions, she may recommend you get tests to help find the cause of your pain. These may include stool or urine tests, blood tests, barium swallows or enemas, an endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan.


Question: How do you know if you need medical care right away if you have abdominal pain?

Answer: You may also get symptoms that could be a sign of a problem inside your body that needs treatment as soon as possible. For example, get medical care right away if you have abdominal pain and you also: Vomit blood Notice bloody or black, tarry bowel movements Have trouble breathing Vomit constantly Have swelling in your belly Have yellow skin Are pregnant Since there are so many possible causes, your doctor will do a thorough physical exam.


Question: When should I get help for my oral (mouth) piercing?

Answer: You can expect short-term symptoms like pain, swelling, and extra saliva. Watch out for signs of infection such as: Redness Swelling Lots of Bleeding Discharge A Bad Smell Rash Fever If you have any of these, see a healthcare provider. Also, get help if you just feel that something isn't right.


Question: Who shouldnât get an oral (mouth) piercing?

Answer: Make you drool Make it hard for your dentist to take an X-ray of your teeth Lead to serious health problems, like gum disease, uncontrolled bleeding, long-term infection, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C Lead to an allergic reaction to the metal in the jewelry Because of these risks, the American Dental Association warns against oral piercings. And you especially shouldn't get one if you have a job or do things that would make it more likely to cause you trouble. People with certain conditions that might make it hard for the piercing to heal are particularly at risk for health problems. Those include heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia, and autoimmune diseases.


Question: How should I handle my mouth jewelry after my tongue piercing has healed?

Answer: After your tongue has healed, take the jewelry out every night and brush it like you brush your teeth. You might want to take it out before you go to sleep or do anything active.


Question: What should I do with the jewelry in my mouth while my oral piercing heals?

Answer: Not kiss anyone while you heal (avoid contact with someone else's saliva) Not share cups, plates, forks, knives, or spoons Eat small bites of healthy food Not eat spicy, salty, or acidic foods and drinks Not have hot drinks, like coffee, tea, or hot chocolate While it heals, you should be able to remove the jewelry for short periods of time without the hole closing. If you get a tongue piercing, the piercer will start with a larger "barbell" to give your tongue room to heal as it swells. After the swelling goes down, dentists recommend you replace the large barbell with a smaller one that's less likely to bother your teeth.


Question: Whatâs an oral (mouth) piercing?

Answer: The shop doesn't use a piercing gun The needle is new and has never been used The needle is placed in a sealed container after it's used Jewelry is made of surgical steel, solid gold, or platinum Once you leave the shop, you'll need to make sure your piercing heals and doesn't get infected.


Question: How do I take care of my oral (mouth) piercing?

Answer: Healing usually takes 3 to 4 weeks. During that time, you should: Rinse your tongue or lip piercing after every meal or snack and before bed. Use warm salt water or an antibacterial, alcohol-free mouthwash. Not kiss anyone while you heal (avoid contact with someone else's saliva) Not share cups, plates, forks, knives, or spoons Eat small bites of healthy food Not eat spicy, salty, or acidic foods and drinks Not have hot drinks, like coffee, tea, or hot chocolate While it heals, you should be able to remove the jewelry for short periods of time without the hole closing.


Question: What is aromatherapy used for?

Answer: You shouldn't use aromatherapy instead of your regular medical treatment. But for some conditions, research shows that aromatherapy can have health benefits. It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe.


Question: How does aromatherapy work?

Answer: Experts think aromatherapy activates areas in your nose called smell receptors, which send messages through your nervous system to your brain. The oils may activate certain areas of your brain, like your limbic system, which plays a role in your emotions. They could also have an impact on your hypothalamus, which may respond to the oil by creating feel-good brain chemicals like serotonin. Some experts think that when you put essential oils on your skin, they cause a response in your skin and other parts of your body, like your joints.