Question: What are the signs of intellectual disability (ID) in children?

Answer: There are many different signs of intellectual disability in children. Some of the most common signs of intellectual disability are: Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late Talking late or having trouble with talking Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself Difficulty remembering things Inability to connect actions with consequences Behavior problems such as explosive tantrums Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking In children with severe or profound intellectual disability, there may be other health problems as well.


Question: How many people diagnosed with cancer are cured?

Answer: Leukemia is cancer of the blood. Today, more people diagnosed with cancer are living longer. However, some forms of the disease remain frustratingly difficult to treat. Modern treatment can significantly improve quality of life and may extend survival.


Question: What is cancer?

Answer: A tumor is a mass composed of a cluster of such abnormal cells. Leukemia is cancer of the blood.


Question: Can anesthesia cause laryngospasm?

Answer: Laryngospasm may also be a complication of surgery. In children who develop laryngospasm as a complication of anesthesia during surgery, treatment usually involves moving the head and neck to open the airway.


Question: What can trigger laryngospasm?

Answer: Laryngospasm may be associated with different triggers, such as asthma, allergies, exercise, irritants (smoke, dust, fumes), stress, anxiety or commonly gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Laryngospasm may also be a complication of surgery. Anesthesia used during the surgery can irritate the vocal cords, especially in children. Laryngospasm caused by anesthesia can be life-threatening.


Question: What causes rumination disorder in infants and children?

Answer: The exact cause of rumination disorder is not known; however, there are several factors that may contribute to its development: Physical illness or severe stress may trigger the behavior. It may be a way for the child to gain attention. It may be a manisfestation of mental illness such as depression or anxiety Because most children outgrow rumination disorder, and older children and adults with this disorder tend to be secretive about it out of embarrassment, it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected. Several approaches may be used, including: Changing the child's posture during and right after eating Encouraging more interaction between mother and child during feeding; giving the child more attention Reducing distractions during feeding Making feeding a more relaxing and pleasurable experience Distracting the child when he or she begins the rumination behavior Aversive conditioning, which involves placing something sour or bad-tasting on the child's tongue when he or she begins to vomit Psychotherapy for the mother and/or family may be helpful to improve communication and address any negative feelings toward the child due to the behavior.


Question: What is rumination disorder?

Answer: Rumination disorder is an eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant or young child -- brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already been swallowed. To be considered a disorder, this behavior must occur in children who had previously been eating normally, and it must occur on a regular basis -- usually daily -- for at least one month. The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating. These movements may be done as the infant is trying to bring back up the partially digested food.


Question: How do doctors diagnose rumination disorder in infants and children?

Answer: The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating. If symptoms of rumination are present in an infant or child, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to look for and rule out possible physical causes for the vomiting, such as a gastrointestinal condition. Testing can also help the doctor evaluate how the behavior has affected the body by looking for signs of problems such as dehydration and malnutrition.


Question: What is Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: As time goes on, other symptoms can appear, including: Trouble focusing A hard time doing ordinary activities Feeling confused or frustrated, especially at night Dramatic mood swings -- outbursts of anger, anxiety, and depression Feeling disoriented and getting lost easily Physical problems, such as an odd walk or poor coordination Trouble communicating People with Alzheimer's might forget their loved ones. They might forget how to dress themselves, feed themselves, and use the toilet. The disease makes brain tissue break down over time. It usually happens to people over age 65. Some scientists think it plays a role in building the plaques in the brains of people with Alzheimer's. There is some evidence that people with high blood pressure and high cholesterol have a greater chance of getting Alzheimer's.


Question: Who gets Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Alzheimer's is a disease that robs people of their memory. More rarely, head injuries may be a reason, too -- the more severe they are, the greater the risk of Alzheimer's later in life. Scientists are still studying many of these theories, but it's clear that the biggest risks linked to Alzheimer's disease are being older and having Alzheimer's in your family.


Question: What is Grover's disease?

Answer: Another name for this condition is transient acantholytic dermatosis ( TAD). Grover's disease usually happens in men over 50. The main symptoms of Grover's disease are: Sudden rash on the chest, back, and sometimes arms and legs Blisters containing a thin, watery liquid with a hair follicle in the center Blisters clumped together, surrounded by a red swollen ring Itching, which may be intense Symptoms usually last about 6 to 12 months, but may go away sooner or take longer to disappear.


Question: What are treatments for severe symptoms of Grover's disease?

Answer: If you have a mild rash, the first treatments may include: Antihistamines, taken by mouth Prescription cortisone cream, applied to the rash Other anti-itch lotions that contain menthol or camphor If your symptoms are very bad, your doctor may suggest retinoids or an antibiotic taken by mouth. Your doctor may prescribe light therapy combined with medications if this happens. Other treatments that may be used for severe symptoms are: Antifungal pills Antifungal lotions such as selenium sulfide Cortisone shots, Oral corticosteroids Antibiotics Systemic retinoid Your doctor may also suggest you reduce activities that can cause a lot of sweating (like heavy-duty workouts), since sweating can worsen the rash. Your doctor might also recommend that you take fewer baths and showers, and that you don't spend a lot of time in the sun.


Question: What are some examples of bronchodilators used to treat COPD?

Answer: Examples of bronchodilators used as COPD treatment include: Anticholinergic bronchodilators block acetylcholine, a chemical "messenger" that makes airways constrict. They are used as needed for treatment of symptoms. Methylxanthines may be helpful for people who have trouble with inhaled medications.


Question: How can quitting smoking help with treating COPD?

Answer: If you only do one thing to manage your COPD, quit smoking. Quitting smoking can: Curb the decline in lung function Reduce symptoms of COPD Slow the decline in lung function to a rate that's normal with aging Improve the quality of life for anyone, with or without COPD No matter how serious or mild your COPD, stopping smoking provides benefit. And they cannot reverse the damage caused by smoking.


Question: Can taking medications cure COPD?

Answer: COPD is a chronic lung disease with no cure. And they cannot reverse the damage caused by smoking. But medications can help you in a variety of ways. They may: Help open up airways Reduce airway inflammation Fight bacterial infections Your doctor may prescribe more than one type of medication.


Question: How do you treat adult ADHD symptoms?

Answer: ADHD is different for everyone, so there's no single treatment for all. Your care plan will depend on many things, including how the disorder affects your life, other health problems you have, and any medications you take for them. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: How can you treat symptoms of adult ADHD?

Answer: ADHD is different for everyone, so there's no single treatment for all. Your care plan will depend on many things, including how the disorder affects your life, other health problems you have, and any medications you take for them. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: What blood pressure drugs can be used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Your doctor might prescribe one of these meds, like atomoxetine ( Strattera), if stimulants aren't right for you. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity. The side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness.


Question: How does cognitive behavioral therapy help with adult ADHD?

Answer: You'll work with your doctor to figure out what's best for you. Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) can teach you how to: Manage your time Make plans for both the near future and further down the road Handle your emotions Deal with stress Change your self-image if you tend to think poorly of yourself Think things through before you take action Avoid taking unneeded risks Counseling can also teach you ways to remember things better and show you how to use calendars and date books to give your days structure. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga.


Question: What can help to manage adult ADHD?

Answer: And counseling can give you skills to manage your day-to-day life. It teaches you how to tackle problems the disorder may cause, like losing things, getting easily distracted, or being late. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area.


Question: How do non-stimulant medications help with adult ADHD?

Answer: If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug. If you can't take other ADHD meds, your doctor might prescribe one of two blood pressure drugs: clonidine ( Kapvay) or guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex).


Question: How can your treatments for adult ADHD change?

Answer: These might go away over time. Your doctor and counselor will help you work through these changes by tweaking your treatment plan.


Question: What is LDL apheresis for cholesterol?

Answer: It's a simple blood test. LDL apheresis. Over several hours, blood is removed from the body, chemically cleansed of LDL cholesterol, and then returned to the body. Treatments every 2 to 3 weeks can cut average LDL cholesterol by 50% to 80%, but they're costly in both time and money.


Question: What foods should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. If you have cirrhosis (liver scarring) from hepatitis C, you need to be very careful about the meds you take. So can large doses of vitamin and mineral supplements, including: Iron Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K In general, good nutrition may help your liver form new cells. But if you have hepatitis C, there are some foods to avoid or eat less of. They can have bacteria that give you serious infections that are more severe if you have hep C. Fatty, sugary foods.


Question: What medications should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: If you have hepatitis C, though, it may not work as well. It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Things to avoid include: Acetaminophen NSAIDs Sleeping pills or tranquilizers Whatever stage of hepatitis C you have, make sure to: Share a list of all your prescription and over-the-counter drugs with your medical team.


Question: Do I need to limit protein if I have cirrhosis?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. If you have cirrhosis (liver scarring) from hepatitis C, you need to be very careful about the meds you take.


Question: What medications should I avoid if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: To avoid problems like that, you might need to change what you eat and drink and the kinds of supplements and drugs you take. The doses of some medications will need to be adjusted, and some should be avoided completely.


Question: How can my doctor help with the urge to scratch?

Answer: With those, you might feel numbness and tingling along with the itch. A wet compress or cold shower can ease the itching. Ask your doctor. Watch for infection. Call your doctor if your skin is tender to the touch, begins to smell, or oozes pus.


Question: When can I start driving after prostate cancer surgery?

Answer: Small pieces of tape (called Steri- Strips), if used, may remain over the incision site and may be removed 10 to 14 days after surgery. Ask your doctor for specific advice.


Question: How do I find out if I grind my teeth?

Answer: Many times people learn that they grind their teeth by their loved one who hears the grinding at night. If you suspect you may be grinding your teeth, talk to your dentist. He or she can examine your mouth and jaw for signs of bruxism, such as jaw tenderness and excessive wear on your teeth. Most commonly, children grind their teeth during sleep rather than during waking hours.


Question: Why is teeth grinding harmful?

Answer: When these events happen, bridges, crowns, root canals, implants, partial dentures, and even complete dentures may be needed. Not only can severe grinding damage teeth and result in tooth loss, it can also affect your jaws, cause or worsen TMD/ TMJ, and even change the appearance of your face. Dehydration may be linked to teeth grinding.


Question: Why are women more at risk for oral health problems during the use of birth control pills?

Answer: Hormones affect not only the blood supply to the gum tissue but also the body's response to the toxins (poisons) that result from plaque buildup. Use of birth control pills Women who take certain birth control pills that contain progesterone, which increases the level of that hormone in the body, may experience inflamed gum tissues due to the body's exaggerated reaction to the toxins produced from plaque. Tell your dentist if you are taking an oral contraceptive.


Question: How can regular workouts help you deal with your mood swings?

Answer: Some people feel uneasy, fearful, and worried even when they realize there's no good reason. Plus, exercise can improve your sleep.


Question: When are you diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer: And when you're especially sensitive, you may react more strongly or more often to situations than other people. They may feel unmotivated, sad, or even suicidal.


Question: What are the two types of erectile dysfunction?

Answer: There are two main types: Low-flow or ischemic priapism: This type happens when blood gets trapped in the erection chambers. High-flow or non-ischemic priapism: This type is more rare than low-flow and is usually less painful. It often happens when an injury to the penis or the area between the scrotum and anus, called the perineum, ruptures an artery, which prevents blood in the penis from moving normally.


Question: How effective are epilepsy medications?

Answer: Or you might get your seizures under control but find you can't handle the drug's side effects. Over time, most people become seizure-free with minimal side effects while taking epilepsy drugs. Your doctor will work closely with you to decide on the next drug to try.


Question: What is alcohol withdrawal?

Answer: This is called alcohol withdrawal. Symptoms can range from mild to serious. What yours are depends on how much you drank and for how long.


Question: What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal?

Answer: But if you've gone through alcohol withdrawal once, you're more likely to go through it again the next time you call it quits. That includes: A quiet place Soft lighting Limited contact with people A positive, supportive atmosphere Healthy food and lots of fluids If your blood pressure, pulse, or body temperature rises, or if you have more serious symptoms like seizures and hallucinations, your doctor could suggest inpatient care and drug treatment. Common medications include benzodiazepines to help treat symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. You might also take anti-seizure meds and antipsychotics, along with other drugs.


Question: Can you prevent alcohol withdrawal?

Answer: This is called alcohol withdrawal. When you talk to your doctor about symptom relief, it's a good idea to discuss treatment for alcohol abuse or dependence. The doctor can give you advice to help you stop drinking.


Question: What do the fecal occult blood test results mean?

Answer: If you have a positive result, that means that it showed blood in the stool. Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy, and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to see if the bleeding is coming from the stomach or small intestine. If these don't show the source, you may need to swallow a small capsule that takes pictures as it passes through your intestines. It may see areas of bleeding not shown by other tests, especially in the small intestine. A negative test result means that no blood was found in the stool sample during the testing period. You should continue to follow your doctor's recommendations for regular cancer checks. Remember, if the test shows signs of blood, you'll probably still need to get a colonoscopy.


Question: What should I ask my doctor if I have chronic constipation?

Answer: Since you were recently diagnosed with chronic constipation, ask your doctor these questions at your next visit. What is chronic constipation? Can the medications I take be the cause of chronic constipation? Are psyllium powder mixes or other over-the-counter ( OTC) remedies effective for ending constipation? How can exercise help me avoid chronic constipation?


Question: What causes a prolactinoma?

Answer: It's the most common type of pituitary tumor and is most often benign, which means it's not cancer. The signs of a prolactinoma are different in men and women.


Question: How can I prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: How can I prevent high blood pressure? And the results show up fast -- often within two weeks. At the same time, cut down on salt (sodium chloride), which can raise blood pressure. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program recommends no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day. The ideal is even lower -- only 1,500. For the average person, who consumes about 4,200 milligrams a day, that requires a big change. But studies show that the lower your salt intake, the lower your blood pressure.


Question: How can soaking in a warm bath before sex help my fibromyalgia pain?

Answer: Moist heat, including soaking in a warm bath, can help ease fibromyalgia pain and may allow you to enjoy sex -- or any exercise -- without added pain. Heat increases blood flow to the site and decreases stiffness, a key symptom of fibromyalgia. You might soak in a warm bath for at least 15 minutes before sex or other physical activity to get the full benefit. You may also soak in a warm bath after sexual intercourse or other physical activity. Other popular types of moist heat include a warm shower (sit on a chair, if needed), warm whirlpool or hot tub, heated swimming pool, and a moist heating pad.


Question: How does fibromyalgia affect my sex life?

Answer: You could be experiencing loss of libido or having difficulty with sexual performance. It's also possible your libido is healthy, but the deep muscle pain and stiffness of fibromyalgia keep you from enjoying sex the way you used to. Talking openly with your doctor and following a few practical tips can help you resolve problems associated with fibromyalgia, pain, and sex. Then you can begin to enjoy this aspect of your life again. If you have fibromyalgia, talk to your doctor and see if medications can boost libido and/or sexual performance.


Question: What is postprandial blood glucose?

Answer: But how do you handle a spike that comes after you eat? It's called "postprandial" blood glucose, and if you take some simple steps, you can get it under control and help avoid health problems. Even when you're in a hurry to get out the door, don't be tempted to skip it.


Question: How should I measure spikes in my blood sugar level while eating?

Answer: Then do it again 1 to 2 hours after that first bite of food. Keep this up for a week or so. Write down the time and the blood sugar number. Make a note about anything you think might affect your levels, like medicine or exercise. Keep blood sugar in check before meals.


Question: Why is eating breakfast every morning important for people with diabetes?

Answer: Eat breakfast every morning. Even when you're in a hurry to get out the door, don't be tempted to skip it. A small study shows that when people ate a 500-calorie breakfast that was 35% protein, their post-meal blood sugar levels were lower than those who started their day with high-carb food. But check with your doctor to see what's right for you.


Question: Does the type of food I eat affect my blood sugar spikes after meals?

Answer: But how do you handle a spike that comes after you eat? They tend to trigger post-meal spikes. The type of fat you eat may play a role, as well.


Question: How does keeping blood sugar in check before meals manage blood sugar spikes?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association ( ADA) recommends you check your blood sugar levels right before mealtime with a blood sample from a finger stick. That way, even if it goes up after you eat, it won't be so dramatic.


Question: How does surgery help with treating varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Varicose veins are frequently treated by eliminating the "bad" veins. Here, the problematic veins are "stripped" out by passing a flexible device through the vein and removing it through an incision near the groin or ankle. Smaller tributaries of these veins also are stripped with this device or removed through a series of small incisions.


Question: How are varicose veins and spider veins treated?

Answer: Less commonly, varicose veins are caused by such diseases as phlebitis (inflammation of the veins) or congenital abnormalities of the veins. Laser or electro-cautery treatments have been used to treat the smallest spider veins, especially on the face. Surgery to treat varicose veins, commonly referred to as "stripping," is usually done under local or partial anesthesia, such as an epidural. This solution irritates the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and the blood to clot. Patients whose legs have been treated are put on walking regimens, which forces the blood to flow into other veins and prevents blood clots.


Question: What type of doctors provide treatments for varicose and spider veins?

Answer: In most cases, more than one treatment session will be required. Because surgery is performed under anesthesia, pain is not felt during the procedure. Doctors providing surgical treatment include general and vascular surgeons and dermatologic surgeons. Some general, vascular, and plastic surgeons also perform sclerotherapy treatments. People with allergies may want to be cautious.


Question: Do spider veins and varicose veins always need treatment?

Answer: In severe cases, varicose veins can rupture, or open sores (called "ulcers") can form on the skin. Thousands of people every year consider getting treatment for varicose veins and spider veins. Advertisements for treating venous disease often tout "unique," "permanent," "painless," or "absolutely safe" methods - making it difficult to decide on the best treatment. Check with a doctor if you are uncertain. Spider veins cannot be removed through surgery.


Question: What causes depression in children?

Answer: Keep in mind that while depression is a serious illness, it is also a treatable one. As in adults, depression in children can be caused by any combination of factors that relate to physical health, life events, family history, environment, genetic vulnerability and biochemical disturbance. Depression is not a passing mood, nor is it a condition that will go away without proper treatment.


Question: Which children get depressed?

Answer: The symptoms of depression in children vary. Bipolar disorder is more common in adolescents than in younger children. Bipolar disorder in children can, however, be more severe than in adolescents. It may also occur with, or be hidden by, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), or conduct disorder ( CD).


Question: How does minoxidil (Rogaine) work?

Answer: You need a doctor's prescription to get finasteride, which you take every day. It's not as easy to use as a daily pill, but minoxidil ( Rogaine), a liquid or foam that you rub into your scalp, is another option. Studies show it can help hair grow, but it may also help you hold on to the strands you already have. The earlier you start using minoxidil, the more likely it is to help. You have to use it for at least 4 months, and possibly for up to a year, before you can see if it's working. Applicators make the process less messy. The main side effect is scalp irritation.


Question: What is molluscum contagiosum?

Answer: It is a chronic infection, so lesions may persist from a few months to a few years. However, most cases resolve in six to nine months. To prevent molluscum contagiosum, follow these tips: Avoid direct contact skin-to-skin with anyone who may have the condition.


Question: How is the skin infection  molluscum contagiosum prevented?

Answer: Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes either single or multiple raised, pearl-like bumps (papules) on the skin. The virus is contagious through direct contact and is more common in children. Remain sexually abstinent or have a monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected individual. ( Male and female condoms cannot offer full protection, as the virus can be found on areas not covered by the condom.)


Question: What causes renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension is caused by a narrowing in the arteries that deliver blood to the kidney. So they respond by releasing hormones that stimulate the body to retain sodium and water. Blood vessels fill with additional fluid, and blood pressure goes up.


Question: What is cellulitis?

Answer: It is treatable with antibiotics. This type of infection is very common in the general population -- and more common and more severe in people with weak immune systems. People who have diabetes or weakened immunity are particularly prone to developing cellulitis. Other staph infections of the skin include impetigo, a painful rash that is contagious, boils, and in babies and young children, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, which causes rash, blisters, and fever.


Question: What are the symptoms of a staph infection of the skin?

Answer: It is treatable with antibiotics. Other times, there is no obvious break in the skin at all. The signs of cellulitis are those of any inflammation -- redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Any skin sore or ulcer that has these signs may be developing cellulitis. If the staph infection spreads, the person may develop a fever, sometimes with chills and sweats, as well as swelling in the area. Other staph infections of the skin include impetigo, a painful rash that is contagious, boils, and in babies and young children, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, which causes rash, blisters, and fever.


Question: Can you treat vertigo from home?

Answer: That should bring relief. For dizziness from the left ear and side: Sit on the edge of your bed.


Question: Can your baby go in the sun?

Answer: If your baby is younger than 6 months, keep her out of the sun as much as possible. Their skin is thinner and more sensitive. Cover them up with clothes and a hat, limit their time in the sun (especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun is strongest), don't let them get overheated, and get them out of the sun right away if they show any signs of sunburn or dehydration, including fussiness, redness, and excessive crying.


Question: Is it safe to give my newborn a pain a pain reliever/fever reducer?

Answer: You may choose to use a waterproof mattress pad on the bottom and put the fitted crib sheet on top of that, or you may want to look into purchasing a waterproof pad/sheet (called sheet-savers) that goes on top of the fitted crib sheet. Pain reliever/fever reducer medicine: Do not use aspirin! Ask your pediatrician about the proper dose based on your baby's weight. Keep your baby in the shade as much as you can.


Question: How should I wash my baby's clothes and bedding?

Answer: Although it is not necessary, you may want to wash all clothing and bedding in a detergent safe for babies. Wash all infant clothing, bedding, and towels, prior to first use. To remove tough stains (such as spit-up), spot-treat the item with one of these detergents or soak prior to washing. Their skin is thinner and more sensitive.


Question: What are some items to get for your baby's medicine cabinet?

Answer: Acetaminophen is the only pain reliever/fever reducer approved for for the first 6 months of life. Small gauze squares to clean wounds.


Question: How is microcephaly treated?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. Other symptoms may include: Balance and coordination problems Developmental delays (delayed sitting, standing, walking) Trouble swallowing and problems with feeding Hearing loss Hyperactivity (trouble paying attention or sitting still) Seizures Short height Speech problems Vision problems There's no cure for microcephaly, but there are treatments to help with development, behavior, and seizures. If your child has mild microcephaly, he'll need regular doctor checkups to monitor how he grows and develops. Children who have more severe cases need lifelong treatment to control symptoms. Some, like seizures, can be life-threatening. Your doctor will discuss treatments to keep your child safe and improve his quality of life.


Question: What are long-term effects of microcephaly?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. Your child may need: Medicines to control seizures and hyperactivity and to improve nerve and muscle function Speech therapy Physical and occupational therapy How well your child does depends on what caused the brain to stop growing in the first place. Children with a mild form of this disorder may have no other problems. They grow normally during childhood and adolescence and still meet age-appropriate growth milestones as they get older. Others can have severe problems with learning and moving. Children with microcephaly are more likely to have other medical problems, like cerebral palsy and epilepsy.


Question: What is acquired microcephaly?

Answer: Microcephaly is a rare nervous system disorder that causes a baby's head to be small and not fully developed. The child's brain stops growing as it should. This can happen while the baby is still in the mother's womb or within the first few years of birth. Some things that may do this while a baby is in the womb are: Viral infections, including rubella ( German measles), chickenpox, and possibly Zika, which is spread by mosquitos Parasite infections, such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus Toxic chemicals such as lead Not getting enough food or nutrients (malnutrition) Alcohol Drugs Acquired microcephaly can also be caused by other things, including: Hemorrhage or stroke in the newborn Injury to the brain after birth Spine or brain defects Your doctor may diagnose microcephaly before or after the baby is born.


Question: How does a doctor know if a baby has microcephaly?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. Some things that may do this while a baby is in the womb are: Viral infections, including rubella ( German measles), chickenpox, and possibly Zika, which is spread by mosquitos Parasite infections, such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus Toxic chemicals such as lead Not getting enough food or nutrients (malnutrition) Alcohol Drugs Acquired microcephaly can also be caused by other things, including: Hemorrhage or stroke in the newborn Injury to the brain after birth Spine or brain defects Your doctor may diagnose microcephaly before or after the baby is born. During pregnancy, an ultrasound may show that the baby has a smaller-than-expected head size. After the baby is born, a health care worker will measure around the widest part of your child's head. Doing this tells the doctor how your child's head is growing compared to other kids of the same age and sex. If your child's head measurement falls a certain point below the average, it's considered microcephaly. A head measurement is taken during every checkup until age 2 or 3. If your child has microcephaly, the size of his head will be checked at every doctor's visit.


Question: How can microcephaly be prevented?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. Some things that may do this while a baby is in the womb are: Viral infections, including rubella ( German measles), chickenpox, and possibly Zika, which is spread by mosquitos Parasite infections, such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus Toxic chemicals such as lead Not getting enough food or nutrients (malnutrition) Alcohol Drugs Acquired microcephaly can also be caused by other things, including: Hemorrhage or stroke in the newborn Injury to the brain after birth Spine or brain defects Your doctor may diagnose microcephaly before or after the baby is born. While you're pregnant, you can take steps to try to prevent acquired microcephaly: Eat a healthy diet and take prenatal vitamins. Don't drink alcohol or do drugs. Stay away from chemicals. Wash your hands often, and get treated for any illness as soon as you feel sick. Have someone else change the litter box. Cat feces can spread the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. Use insect repellent when in wooded areas or countries known for mosquitos. The CDC says insect repellent is safe to use while pregnant. If you have a child with microcephaly and wish to get pregnant again, talk to your doctor. Genetic counseling may help you understand your family's risk for the disease.


Question: What is congenital microcephaly?

Answer: Microcephaly is a rare nervous system disorder that causes a baby's head to be small and not fully developed. The child's brain stops growing as it should. It can be brought on by: A problem with your genes (congenital microcephaly) Something in your environment (acquired microcephaly) Congenital microcephaly is passed down through families. It's caused by defects in genes linked to early brain development. Microcephaly is often seen in children with Down syndrome and genetic disorders.


Question: What are symptoms of microcephaly?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. During pregnancy, an ultrasound may show that the baby has a smaller-than-expected head size. Some children have normal intelligence. Others have problems learning, but they usually don't get worse as your child gets older. Children with a mild form of this disorder may have no other problems. They grow normally during childhood and adolescence and still meet age-appropriate growth milestones as they get older.


Question: What are other symptoms of microcephaly?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. Other symptoms may include: Balance and coordination problems Developmental delays (delayed sitting, standing, walking) Trouble swallowing and problems with feeding Hearing loss Hyperactivity (trouble paying attention or sitting still) Seizures Short height Speech problems Vision problems There's no cure for microcephaly, but there are treatments to help with development, behavior, and seizures. Children with a mild form of this disorder may have no other problems.


Question: Where can you get omega-3s?

Answer: When it comes to fat, there's one type you don't want to cut back on: omega-3 fatty acids. Aim to eat non-fried, oily fish high in DHA and EPA omega-3 fatty acids at least two times a week. These include: Anchovies Bluefish Herring Mackerel Marlin Orange roughy Salmon Sardines Sturgeon Lake trout Tuna While eating more fatty fish is a good idea, some are likely to have higher levels of ercury, polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs), or other toxins.


Question: What should you know about omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: Two crucial ones -- EPA and DHA -- are primarily found in certain fish. ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), another omega-3 fatty acid, is found in plant sources such as nuts and seeds. Not only does your body need these fatty acids to function, but also they deliver some big health benefits. When possible, try to get omega-3 fatty acids from foods rather than supplements.


Question: How do omega-3 fatty acids help your blood fat (triglycerides) levels?

Answer: Blood fat (triglycerides). Some researchers have found that cultures that eat foods with high levels of omega-3s have lower levels of depression.


Question: Which foods have omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: These include: Anchovies Bluefish Herring Mackerel Marlin Orange roughy Salmon Sardines Sturgeon Lake trout Tuna While eating more fatty fish is a good idea, some are likely to have higher levels of ercury, polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs), or other toxins. Good food sources of ALA are: Walnuts Flaxseed and flaxseed oil Canola oil Soybean oil Chia seeds While foods containing omega-3 fatty acids have health benefits, some -- like oils and nuts -- can be high in calories. So eat them in moderation.


Question: What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: Two crucial ones -- EPA and DHA -- are primarily found in certain fish. ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), another omega-3 fatty acid, is found in plant sources such as nuts and seeds. Not only does your body need these fatty acids to function, but also they deliver some big health benefits. When possible, try to get omega-3 fatty acids from foods rather than supplements.


Question: When should you check your magnesium levels?

Answer: Also, low magnesium appears to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. If you take any of these medicines on a long-term basis, your health care provider may check your magnesium level with a blood test.


Question: What is magnesium?

Answer: Magnesium helps keep blood pressure normal, bones strong, and the heart rhythm steady. Magnesium is also the main ingredient in many antacids and laxatives.


Question: Could allergies be causing your shortness of breath?

Answer: Besides shortness of breath, you might have: Vomiting Hives or rash Coughing, sneezing, or runny nose Watery eyes Tightness in the throat Trouble swallowing or swelling of your tongue Dizziness Fatigue Some common foods that some people are allergic to are eggs, milk, nuts, shellfish, and wheat. Things in the air that can set off your allergies are dust, pollen, and pet dander -- tiny pieces of skin that are shed by cats, dogs, and other animals. It can be triggered by something you're allergic to, like pollen, or from an irritant in the air, like smoke.


Question: Can multiple sclerosis be diagnosed with an MRI?

Answer: Disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord are detected by MRI in more than 90% of people suspected of having MS. MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS.


Question: What is the best way to treat cluster headaches?

Answer: Triptans: These drugs are among the best ways to treat the pain. You might get: Sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Sumavel), which works both as a shot or inhaled Zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Dihydroergotamine ( D. H. E. 45): This prescription medicine is based on the ergot fungus. You'll breathe it in through a face mask for 15 minutes.


Question: What is the neurological cause of a cluster headache?

Answer: The nerve that's affected, the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for sensations such as heat or pain in your face. An underlying brain condition, such as a tumor or aneurysm, won't cause these headaches. Most procedures involve blocking the trigeminal nerve, a main pathway for pain. It controls the area around your eye, but a misstep can cost weakness in your jaw and loss of sensation in your face and head.


Question: What are cluster headaches?

Answer: They happen so regularly, generally at the same time each day, that they've been called "alarm clock headaches." Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks.


Question: How often do cluster headaches occur?

Answer: These are the least common type of headaches, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people. Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks.


Question: Should I take preventative medicine for cluster headaches?

Answer: Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks. Preventive medicine can often stop a headache before it starts, Your doctor can prescribe medication to shorten the length of the cluster as well as lessen the severity of your attacks, including: Corticosteroid, like prednisone, for a short time sodium ( Depakene, Depakote) Ergotamine tartrate ( Cafergot, Ergomar) Gabapentin carbonate Topiramate ( Qudexy XR, Topamax, Trokendi XR) Verapamil ( Calan, Covera, Verelan) Occipital nerve block (your doctor may also call it occipital nerve injection): The doctor will inject a mix of anesthetic and steroid into these nerves.


Question: What medicine should you take to prevent cluster headaches?

Answer: Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks. Preventive medicine can often stop a headache before it starts, Your doctor can prescribe medication to shorten the length of the cluster as well as lessen the severity of your attacks, including: Corticosteroid, like prednisone, for a short time sodium ( Depakene, Depakote) Ergotamine tartrate ( Cafergot, Ergomar) Gabapentin carbonate Topiramate ( Qudexy XR, Topamax, Trokendi XR) Verapamil ( Calan, Covera, Verelan) Occipital nerve block (your doctor may also call it occipital nerve injection): The doctor will inject a mix of anesthetic and steroid into these nerves.


Question: What is the treatment for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: It can help shrink tumors and ease bone pain and other symptoms. This surgery does not cure the cancer, but it can ease symptoms, like problems controlling urine. You might get chemo if the disease has spread outside your prostate and hormone therapy isn't working.


Question: How is a transurethral resection of the prostate used to treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Doctors can treat this type of cancer, but they can't cure it. The doctor will direct the radiation right to the gland and adjust the dose to target the cancer without damaging other parts of your body. Doctors will give you medicine to put you to sleep or make your body numb, then put the pellets in through thin needles. Your doctor will inject it into your vein once a month.


Question: What's the treatment for a UTI?

Answer: You'll take antibiotics for 3-7 days or as your doctor recommends. Take all of your medication on schedule anyway. Don't stop it early, even if your symptoms fade.


Question: What should you do if you get a UTI during pregnancy?

Answer: Most of these infections are limited to the bladder and urethra. But sometimes they can lead to a kidney infection. If they do, UTIs may lead to preterm labor (giving birth too early) and low birth weight. Your symptoms should go away in 3 days. If you need a lubricant when you have sex, choose a water-based one.


Question: How is stage IV colon cancer treated?

Answer: When your doctor tells you that you have colon cancer that has spread to other parts of your body, you will naturally have lots of questions, including what it will mean for your future. If one treatment doesn't work or stops working, you may be able to try something else.


Question: What are the survival rates for stage IV colon cancer?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you. You'll still get all your other medical care to fight the cancer. If one of the questions on your mind is about survival rates for your cancer, you'll want to get some perspective first. Stage IV colon cancer has a relative 5-year survival rate of about 14%. This means that about 14% of people with stage IV colon cancer are likely to still be alive 5 years after they are diagnosed. But you're not a number. No one, including your doctor, can tell you exactly how long you'll live. Your outlook depends on a lot of things, including your age, health, where the cancer has spread, and the kind of treatment you get. Keep in mind that the numbers are changing -- for the better. A growing number of people with stage IV colon cancer live longer than 2 years. In the past, colon cancer was harder to treat once it had spread. Advances in treatment have improved the outlook by slowing down the cancer.


Question: What happens after your treatment for stage IV colon cancer?

Answer: When your doctor tells you that you have colon cancer that has spread to other parts of your body, you will naturally have lots of questions, including what it will mean for your future. If your cancer does come back, seeing your doctor regularly will help find it early, when it's easiest to treat. Ask your doctor what the symptoms of a recurrence might look like. Your doctors should also help you manage any pain that you have as a result of the cancer. This means that about 14% of people with stage IV colon cancer are likely to still be alive 5 years after they are diagnosed.


Question: What should you do if your stage IV colon cancer comes back?

Answer: Your doctor will also do tests to make sure your cancer hasn't come back. Call right away if you notice these symptoms. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.


Question: What's the outlook for stage IV colon cancer?

Answer: You can also ask for a second opinion so you feel confident that you understand your situation and options. If your cancer does come back, seeing your doctor regularly will help find it early, when it's easiest to treat. Scientists look for new ways to treat stage IV colon cancer in clinical trials. They are often a way for people to try a new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctors should also help you manage any pain that you have as a result of the cancer.


Question: What are the symptoms of  progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS)?

Answer: Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself. Practice being in the moment and appreciating what you have rather than stressing about what may come.


Question: What is the treatment for progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS)?

Answer: Only 10% to 15% of people with multiple sclerosis have this form. This is what's called an autoimmune disease. Exercise is also good for all types of MS. But these are easier to prevent with healthier food and more activity.


Question: What's the best way to treat hypothyroidism and depression?

Answer: If you have hypothyroidism, you may have fatigue, sluggishness, and trouble concentrating. Blood tests can confirm them if they show low levels of a thyroid hormone called thyroxine and a high level of one called thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH). Studies show that if you have both hypothyroidism and depression, thyroid-replacement medications may work better than antidepressants.


Question: Are depression and low thyroid levels related?

Answer: Although they're separate diseases, depression is sometimes a symptom of hypothyroidism. Medication can boost those levels, and that can improve or get rid of your symptoms, including depression. The two conditions share so many signs that doctors sometimes overlook the possibility that someone who is depressed may also have low thyroid levels. Blood tests can confirm them if they show low levels of a thyroid hormone called thyroxine and a high level of one called thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH).


Question: How can you minimize the dangers of plaque and gingivitis?

Answer: A growing body of research finds that bacteria and inflammation in your mouth are also linked to other problems, including heart attack and dementia, and may well jeopardize your overall health. If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. Get your teeth cleaned professionally on a regular basis. Ask your dentist about the best cleaning schedule for you. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often begins.


Question: How can plaque affect your dental health?

Answer: Sticky bacterial plaque that builds up on your teeth and inflamed, bleeding gums do more than just threaten your dental health. The plaque is so sticky that it keeps the acids in contact with your teeth, in time breaking down the enamel and leading to tooth decay. Plaque buildup can also lead to gum disease -- first gingivitis, the tender and swollen gums that sometimes bleed. If it progresses, severe periodontal (gum) disease can develop. Gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, allowing the bacteria to destroy the underlying bone supporting the teeth. Find out if you might benefit from a protective coating or sealant applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth in the back of your mouth where tooth decay often begins.


Question: How are plaque and gingivitis linked to diabetes?

Answer: Again, inflammation may be partly to blame. And, those with diabetes are more likely to contract infections, including gum disease. If your diabetes is not under control, you are at even higher risk of gum disease. People with RA are more likely to have periodontal disease, and one study found that they had more missing teeth than people who don't have RA.


Question: How can an irregular heartbeat cause complications?

Answer: When you're prepared to spot and handle what's going on, you can help your loved one get the medical care they need faster, and ease your worries, too. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion.


Question: How can the severity of your psoriasis affect you?

Answer: Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. These are injectable drugs. Doctors and people with psoriasis don't always agree on what's mild and what's serious. Psoriasis can affect self-image and make people self-conscious. This can even lead to depression and social isolation.


Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis treatments?

Answer: These can be more effective and convenient than topicals. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.


Question: How is psychodynamic therapy different from other therapies for depression?

Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is one of three main types of therapy used to treat depression. The other two are cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) and interpersonal therapy ( IPT). With IPT the emphasis is on identifying issues and problems in interpersonal relationships and learning ways to address and improve them. Both CBT and IPT are also time-limited, short-term therapies. In psychodynamic therapy, the patient is encouraged to talk freely about whatever happens to be on his or her mind. Another distinction between the types of therapies is that psychodynamic therapy is not necessarily a short-term, time-limited treatment.


Question: What is psychodynamic therapy, and how can it help treat depression?

Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is the kind of talk therapy many people imagine when they think of psychological treatment for depression. That's because the image of the psychiatrist and patient probing the past is a staple of our popular culture. It can be found on sitcoms or in jokes. By making the unconscious elements of their life a part of their present experience, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings.


Question: How can apps help me manage my chemotherapy?

Answer: It's important to eat right when you're getting cancer treatment. Many hospitals also have websites and apps where you can make appointments, check your test results, or order prescriptions. A slew of apps can help you make sure you take your drugs on time.


Question: How can I take care of my skin for acne treatment?

Answer: These already have cleanser in them and are easy to use, then throw away. Other skin tips: Don't use too much topical acne medicine -- apply just enough to cover problem areas. Try an electric razor, or be very careful with a blade.


Question: How do you treat liver disease in dogs?

Answer: Your dog's treatment will depend on how soon you catch the problem and what caused it. Your dog may need a special diet to make sure he's getting the nutrients and calories needed to help his liver. Supplements such as SAM- E or milk thistle may help the liver recover. Medications may help control his liver problems. You may also need to change your dog's other medications or reduce how much he takes. Surgery may be an option for dogs with tumors or cysts.


Question: If my IPF is severe, what can I do?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest: Corticosteroids like prednisone Drugs that slow down your immune system, like azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and mycophenolate mofetil ( Cell Cept) Drugs may treat your IPF scarring or symptoms, but you can do other things to breathe better and get more energy. Most people only think about doing this if other treatments aren't working. Most people who get lung transplants are younger than 65. But if you're older and have no other serious medical problems, it may be an option for you.


Question: How can oxygen therapy help treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: Whether you've got a hacking cough or feel short of breath, treatments can make a big difference. After surgery, you'll recover in the hospital for up to 3 weeks.


Question: What medications may keep your idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) from getting worse?

Answer: They can prevent more scar tissue from forming in your lungs. They may keep your IPF from getting worse and can help you breathe better. For 3 months after your surgery, your doctor will test your blood and lungs to make sure your body doesn't reject your new lung or you don't get any infections.


Question: What should you do while you wait for a lung donor for your IPF?

Answer: There aren't many lungs available from donors, so you'll go on a list to receive one. While you wait, avoid smoking, eat a healthy diet, do your breathing exercises, and stay as active as possible. Once you get word that a donor has been found, you may have to go to the hospital quickly for your surgery, so make sure your doctor can reach you at all times. During the operation, your surgeon removes your lung and the blood vessels that connect it to your heart.


Question: What does an ingrown hair look like?

Answer: An ingrown hair irritates the skin. It produces a raised, red bump (or group of bumps) that looks like a little pimple. Sometimes an ingrown hair can form a painful, boil-like sore. Or you may see the hair that's causing the problem. In men, ingrown hairs often pop up as a bunch of little bumps on the chin, cheeks, or neck after shaving. In women, ingrown hairs are common on the legs, as well as in the pubic area and armpits. You can also get ingrown hairs on your buttocks.


Question: What are the risks of pericardiocentesis?

Answer: Pericardiocentesis, also called a pericardial tap, is a procedure in which a needle and catheter remove fluid from the pericardium, the sac around your heart. But he procedure may: Bring on an irregular heart rhythm Cause cardiac arrest Cause a heart attack Puncture the heart, liver, lung, or stomach


Question: How much sunscreen do I need to apply if I have had melanoma in the past?

Answer: If you've had one melanoma, it means you're at risk for more. It should have an SPF of at least 30. Reapply at least every 2 hours, and more often if you're swimming, sweating, or spending time near water or snow.


Question: What is nighttime back pain?

Answer: The majority of people with back pain are able to adjust how they sleep to get relief from the pain they experience during the day. But with nighttime back pain -- also called nocturnal back pain -- the hurting doesn't stop when a person lies down, no matter what adjustments he or she makes. For some, the pain actually gets worse. But then at night, he or she might find it nearly impossible to get a full night's sleep.


Question: What should I know about nighttime back pain?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the U. S., up to 80% of the population experiences some form of low back pain at some time in their lives. It's the second most common reason people see their doctor. But as debilitating as back pain can be, most instances of it are manageable, and people who get adequate rest and proper exercise often see improvement within a matter of weeks. With nighttime back pain, however, people can't get the rest they need because they can't get relief from their pain. It could be a primary tumor, one that originates in the spine, or it could be a metastatic tumor, one that results from cancer that started elsewhere in the body and then spread to the spine.


Question: How can I keep my child from getting infections from our cat?

Answer: Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Keep your child away from the litter box. If your child is old enough to change the litter box, teach proper habits and ensure good hand washing after the chore. Pick a spot in the house besides the bedroom for the cats to sleep. Most pediatricians suggest that you don't sleep with your cats. Don't let the cat lick your child's face or skin, especially open wounds. Teach your child to wash her hands after petting the cats.


Question: How do keep my child from getting germs from our dog?

Answer: Teach your child to respect the dog by not pulling his hair or hitting him. If the dog gets upset and nips or bites, germs in his saliva can cause a potentially serious skin infection. But dry dog foods, dog treats, and the water bowl can carry germs. Put them where your child can't reach or have him wash his hands after handling them. Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Be sure your toddler doesn't grab the dog's toys and put them in his mouth. Get the dog his own bed. Teach your child to wash his hands after petting the dog.


Question: What are some lifestyle tips I can use to improve my child's life with ADHD?

Answer: These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization.


Question: Are any medications other than stimulants and non-stimulants used to treat ADHD?

Answer: Non-stimulants. In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others.


Question: What is the best kind of treatment for ADHD?

Answer: Close cooperation among therapists, doctors, teachers, and parents is very important, and team meetings help. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.


Question: How are stimulants used to treat ADHD?

Answer: Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects. Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety . However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.


Question: What are the treatments for ADHD?

Answer: Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.


Question: How can I tell if my baby is eating enough?

Answer: Every baby is unique, but there are some basic guidelines to keep in mind when it's time for a feeding. Remember: The exact amount your little one drinks will vary from day to day. When he's getting the right amount of food, you'll see: Plenty of wet diapers.


Question: What should I know about skin care products?

Answer: Before you buy, it's a good idea to learn more about these ingredients. A dermatologist can also help you sort out what works, what's hype, and what might help your skin. Those with the most antioxidants that have been shown to repair damage and slow the aging process include: Acai oil Alpha-lipoic acid Green tea extract Retinol Coenzyme Q10 ( Co Q10) Caffeine Other plant-based or natural treatments for aging skin found in skin-care products include: Alpha-hydroxy acid Salicylic acid Your body makes this natural chemical, and it's in every cell you have. They exfoliate the skin, reducing fine lines, age spots, acne scars, and uneven skin color. They work especially well when you use them with vitamin C products.


Question: What foods have the most antioxidants and have been shown to repair damage and slow the aging process?

Answer: You can also apply products that have them. Those with the most antioxidants that have been shown to repair damage and slow the aging process include: Acai oil Alpha-lipoic acid Green tea extract Retinol Coenzyme Q10 ( Co Q10) Caffeine Other plant-based or natural treatments for aging skin found in skin-care products include: Alpha-hydroxy acid Salicylic acid Your body makes this natural chemical, and it's in every cell you have. You shouldn't use salicylic acid if you are allergic to aspirin or other products with salicylates.


Question: What bones are broken in a boxer's fracture?

Answer: A boxer's fracture involves a break in the neck of the metacarpal. Boxer's fractures occur in the metacarpal bones that connect the ring finger or the little finger to the wrist. Some doctors include breaks in the neck of the second and third metacarpal bones in the definition of a boxer's fracture.


Question: How do you prevent a boxer's fracture?

Answer: The key to preventing boxer's fractures is to avoid situations in which the injury can occur. This can be accomplished with regular exercise and calcium supplements or adequate intake of dairy products.


Question: How do X-rays help diagnose a boxer's fracture?

Answer: X-rays of the hand are performed to look at the hand from 3 different directions. In certain cases, the doctor may order more x-rays, with special views to look for hard-to-find fractures. On physical examination the doctor will look for the presence of foreign bodies in the hand. Activities that could cause a foreign body to become lodged in the hand are these: punching another person in the mouth, being bitten by an animal, being cut with a sharp object, a penetrating injury, or abrasions or splinters from an object. Foreign bodies that may show up on x-rays are glass, bone, metal, and stones.


Question: What are symptoms of a boxer's fracture?

Answer: The typical symptoms of a boxer's fracture are pain or tenderness centered in a specific location on the hand corresponding to one of the metacarpal bones, around the knuckle. You may also note pain with movement of your hand or fingers. When a bone is broken, you may experience a snapping or popping sensation in the affected bone. Your hand may swell, discolor, or bruise around the injury site. Deformity of the broken bone or the knuckle, may also be noted. When making a fist, the finger involved may bend toward the thumb more than is usual. A cut in the skin associated with a boxer's fracture may indicate a more serious type of boxer's fracture.


Question: What is done with a skin biopsy sample?

Answer: A skin biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor cuts and removes a small sample of skin to have it tested. The results usually come back within one to two weeks.


Question: What is a skin biopsy?

Answer: This sample may help your doctor diagnose diseases such as skin cancer, infection, or other skin disorders. The procedure is usually done in the doctor's office.


Question: What can make my teeth sometimes feel loose?

Answer: Your teeth and gums work hard for you your whole life. This can happen for many reasons. It could be a bite or clenching issue. It may be a sign of bone loss from gum disease. Talk to your dentist. You may need to see a periodontist, a doctor who specializes in the mouth's gums and bones.


Question: What can I do if my dentures are uncomfortable?

Answer: My teeth sometimes feel loose. You may need to see a periodontist, a doctor who specializes in the mouth's gums and bones. Dentures are made to fit perfectly, so if you feel a looseness, it's likely they need to be adjusted to make them fit again. See your dentist as soon as possible. For a temporary fix, use a denture adhesive to keep them stable until your appointment. Don't try to change the shape of your dentures yourself. Even if you think you can make them fit better, you could end up damaging them.


Question: What should I know about dental care for someone with dementia?

Answer: Make the appointment for early in the day, when your friend is most alert. Also, make sure to tell her where she is going and why. And let the dentist know ahead of time about your friend's condition. Communication will make the visit easier. It's best for someone with dementia to see a dentist as soon as possible after they're diagnosed.


Question: What dental care can I do if my teeth are super sensitive from hot and cold?

Answer: This can make the area sensitive to temperature extremes. As a quick fix, use a fluoride mouth rinse, or switch to a toothpaste made for sensitive teeth. If your problem is more serious, your dentist may seal or bond the roots. He might recommend a soft tissue graft. This procedure uses material, either man-made or from another area of your mouth, to cover exposed roots. This can happen for many reasons. It may be a sign of bone loss from gum disease.


Question: What is edema?

Answer: Get emergency medical help right away if you have chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes, trouble breathing, dizziness, confusion, or fainting spells. For some people, pitting edema can be a sign of a more serious health issue, such as: Blood clot: One of these in a deep vein can cause edema in the region of the clot. This is called "deep vein thrombosis," or DVT. Kidney disease: It's your kidneys' job to get rid of extra salt and water from your body. Vein problems: If your veins have trouble bringing blood back up from your feet to your heart, it can start to pool in your feet and ankles.


Question: What are the symptoms of edema?

Answer: It usually happens in your feet, ankles, or legs, but you also might notice it in your face, hands, arms, or other areas. If it's near a joint, you may find it hard to move.


Question: How can eosinophilic asthma cause swollen tissue in your nose?

Answer: Swollen sinuses. Swollen tissue in your nose.


Question: What is eosinophilic asthma?

Answer: Plus, if you do have eosinophilic asthma, you can become dependent on corticosteroids to prevent asthma attacks. It helps to know you have eosinophilic asthma because you and your doctor need to keep a closer watch on it than other types of asthma.


Question: How does eosinophilic asthma cause shortness of breath?

Answer: Common symptoms of eosinophilic asthma include: Blocked airways Coughing Tightness in the chest Shortness of breath or hard time breathing Wheezing While these symptoms are the same as other kinds of asthma, they tend to be more constant and severe with eosinophilic asthma. Generally, asthma causes swelling in the airways of your lungs. Eosinophilic asthma causes swelling in your entire respiratory system, from your nose all the way down to the tiniest airways. Even when you're doing physical activity, it's often shortness of breath, not wheezing, that gets worse.


Question: What is a normal pulse?

Answer: Your number may vary. Children tend to have higher resting heart rates than adults. Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate.


Question: How do you take your pulse?

Answer: Knowing how to take your pulse can help you evaluate your exercise program. Or place the tips of your index and middle finger on your lower neck, on either side of your windpipe. Press lightly with your fingers until you feel the blood pulsing beneath your fingers. You may need to move your fingers around until you feel the pulsing. Count the beats you feel for 10 seconds. Multiply this number by six to get your heart rate (or pulse) per minute.


Question: What is your pulse?

Answer: Heart rates vary from person to person. Your pulse is lower when you're at rest and higher when you exercise. Usually, this is when your exercise heart rate (pulse) is 60%-80% of your maximum heart rate.


Question: How can hemorrhoids seem like a yeast infection?

Answer: You may have itching or irritation in or around your vagina, as well as a thick, white discharge. Hemorrhoids may be itchy. They can affect the area in and around the vagina.


Question: How can you tell if you have a yeast infection?

Answer: You may have itching or irritation in or around your vagina, as well as a thick, white discharge. In many cases, an antifungal treatment will clear up your symptoms. If you're not sure whether you have a yeast infection or something else, it's important to see a doctor for the right diagnosis and treatment. This is important. If you don't really have a yeast infection, antifungals won't help you get better. They can actually prolong the real problem, because while you'll think you're treating the issue, the real cause will continue to develop. That can lead to uncomfortable symptoms like itching and discharge.


Question: Why is it important to treat Lyme disease?

Answer: The signs and symptoms can look like many other health problems. It can even affect your memory.


Question: How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

Answer: But the longer a tick stays attached to you, the more likely it is to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi (the bacteria that causes Lyme disease), if the tick is a carrier. If your doctor suspects that you have Lyme disease, she may order two blood tests. The ELISA test checks for those antibodies. Although it's the most common way to check for Lyme disease, the ELISA test isn't perfect. Western blot test. Whether your ELISA test comes back positive or negative, your doctor will need to do this blood test, too. Other tests: Lyme disease is called â The Great Imitatorâ because it mimics so many different health conditions. Your doctor may also want to do more blood or imaging tests to rule out: Alzheimer's disease Arthritis Attention deficit disorder Chronic fatigue syndrome Fibromyalgia Guillain- Barre syndrome Lou Gehrig's disease ( ALS) Lupus Mononucleosis Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease If you think you have Lyme disease, it's a good idea to see a board-certified infectious disease specialist.


Question: How is female infertility treated?

Answer: This procedure involves ultrasound or X-rays of your reproductive organs. Laparoscopy. Your doctor puts a laparoscope -- a slender tube fitted with a tiny camera -- through a small cut near your belly button. Hysteroscopy . In this procedure, your doctor places a hysteroscope into your uterus through your cervix. It's used to remove polyps and fibroid tumors, divide scar tissue, and open up blocked tubes. Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate ( Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal- F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole.


Question: What is intrauterine insemination and how is it used to treat female infertility?

Answer: For this procedure, after semen gets rinsed with a special solution, a doctor places it into your uterus when you're ovulating. It's sometimes done while you're taking meds that help trigger the release of an egg. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter.


Question: What is endovascular repair for an aortic aneurysm?

Answer: There are two main types of surgery for aortic aneurysms: Open abdominal or open chest repair Endovascular repair This is the most common type of surgery to repair an aortic aneurysm, but it's the most invasive, meaning that your doctor will go into your body to do it. Your surgeon replaces the weakened section of your aorta with a tube, or âgraft,â made of a special fabric. The stent graft helps support the weakened artery wall. You may or may not get general anesthesia for this procedure. Afterward, you'll stay in the hospital for 24 hours to 2 days. But not all aneurysms can be repaired with this method.


Question: What is an aortic aneurysm?

Answer: An aortic aneurysm is a bulge in your aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The force of your blood constantly pushing against those weakened walls can make them swell. There are two main types of surgery for aortic aneurysms: Open abdominal or open chest repair Endovascular repair This is the most common type of surgery to repair an aortic aneurysm, but it's the most invasive, meaning that your doctor will go into your body to do it. You can shower as soon as you get home.


Question: How are breast calcifications treated?

Answer: '' Benign'' calcifications are considered harmless. No further evaluation or treatment is needed. '' Probably benign'' calcifications have a less than 2% risk of being cancer. Typically, they will be monitored every six months for at least one year. After a year of follow-up, and assuming no new changes are found, your doctor will recommend you have a routine mammogram once a year. '' Suspicious'' calcifications may be benign or an early sign of cancer; therefore, your doctor may recommend you have a biopsy. If cancer is present, treatment may consist of surgery to remove the cancerous breast, radiation, and/or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells.


Question: What are breast calcifications?

Answer: They are very common and are usually benign (noncancerous). In some instances, certain types of breast calcifications may suggest early breast cancer. Microcalcifications are small calcium deposits that look like white specks on a mammogram.


Question: What are the risks of rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?

Answer: A rapid cycling pattern may occur in about 10% to 20% of people with the disorder. Repeated periods of depression are punctuated by infrequent, shorter periods of elevated or normal mood. The most serious risk of a rapid cycling course in bipolar disorder is suicide. People with bipolar disorder are 10 times to 20 times more likely to commit suicide than people without bipolar disorder. They are hospitalized more often, and their symptoms are usually more difficult to control long term.


Question: What is the treatment for bipolar disorder with rapid cycling?

Answer: A rapid cycling pattern may occur in about 10% to 20% of people with the disorder. Repeated periods of depression are punctuated by infrequent, shorter periods of elevated or normal mood. Because symptoms of depression dominate in most people with a rapid cycling course of bipolar disorder, treatment is usually aimed toward stabilizing mood, mainly by relieving depression while preventing the comings-and-goings of new episodes. Antidepressants such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft have not been shown to treat the depression symptoms of rapid cycling bipolar disorder, and may even increase the frequency of new episodes over time. Mood-stabilizing drugs -- such as lithium, Depakote, Tegretol and Lamictal -- are the core treatments of rapid cycling. Often, a single mood stabilizer is ineffective at controlling episode recurrences, resulting in a need for combinations of mood stabilizers. Several antipsychotic medicines such as Zyprexa or Seroquel also have been studied in rapid cycling and are used as part of a treatment regimen, regardless of the presence or absence of psychosis (delusions and hallucinations). This helps prevent future episodes.


Question: How common is rapid cycling in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Rapid cycling is a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes in bipolar disorder. In rapid cycling, a person with the disorder experiences four or more episodes of mania or depression in one year. It can occur at any point in the course of bipolar disorder, and can come and go over many years depending on how well the illness is treated; it is not necessarily a "permanent" or indefinite pattern of episodes. A rapid cycling pattern may occur in about 10% to 20% of people with the disorder.


Question: When is rapid cycling in bipolar disorder diagnosed?

Answer: Rapid cycling is a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes in bipolar disorder. It can occur at any point in the course of bipolar disorder, and can come and go over many years depending on how well the illness is treated; it is not necessarily a "permanent" or indefinite pattern of episodes. Rapid cycling in itself is not a diagnosis, but rather a "course specifier" or descriptor of the course of illness. In bipolar disorder rapid cycling is identified when four or more distinct episodes of depression, mania, or hypomania occur during a one year period.


Question: What is the most common use for human growth hormone (HGH)?

Answer: Yet HGH's effect on athletic performance is unknown. The use of HGH for anti-aging is not FDA-approved.


Question: How can you manage Crohn's disease?

Answer: Learning to avoid these food triggers may allow you to better self-manage your Crohn's disease, reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and promote intestinal healing. Avoiding these foods, especially when your disease is active, may give you better control of the symptoms.


Question: What kind of diet should you have if you have Crohn's disease?

Answer: If you have Crohn's disease, you probably have found that certain foods trigger your intestinal symptoms, especially when the disease flares. In this setting, an effective Crohn's disease diet plan, based on recommendations from experts, would emphasize eating regular meals -- plus an additional two or three snacks -- each day. That will help ensure you get ample protein, calories, and nutrients. In addition, you will need to take any doctor-recommended vitamin and mineral supplements. By doing so, you will be able to replenish the necessary nutrients in your body.


Question: Do you need to take supplements with a Crohn's disease diet plan?

Answer: In addition, you will need to take any doctor-recommended vitamin and mineral supplements. For example, many people with Crohn's disease have a vitamin D deficiency. A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine reported that higher doses of vitamin D (1,000 to 2,000 IU each day) may be beneficial, particularly in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, which may be higher in individuals with IBD. The National Academy of Sciences has established that a dose of 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D is safe. But it's still important that you check with your personal physician to see what dosage is ideal for your situation.


Question: What should you know about a Crohn's disease diet plan?

Answer: To know which foods to leave out of your diet plan, you'll need to determine which foods, if any, trigger yours. Keeping track of the foods you eat each day can help you identify the "offenders" -- foods that may trigger symptoms.


Question: How do I exercise my bones to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer: That prompts the body to make new bone. Weight-bearing exercises include: Aerobics Climbing stairs Dancing Jogging Tennis and other racket sports Running Tai chi Walking Water aerobics Yoga Strength training is also key to preventing osteoporosis. These workouts also make you more flexible and lower the chances that you'll fall -- the No. Any of these workouts can help you build muscle and bone: Lifting canned goods or bags of groceries Lifting free weights Lifting young children Using ankle and wrist weights Using elastic resistance bands Using weight machines or free weights Doing pushups, squats, or other moves that use your own body weight When your body doesn't have enough calcium, it will start to break down your bones to get what it needs.


Question: How common is brucellosis?

Answer: Fewer than 200 people get sick with the disease each year in the U. S. It is most often seen in the spring and summer months in: Texas California Virginia Florida Brucellosis is considered a significant health threat in other parts of the world. The disease has been reported in more than a half-million people each year in 100 countries, according to the World Health Organization. There is no effective human vaccine to prevent brucellosis.


Question: Can you die from brucellosis?

Answer: Brucellosis is uncommon in children. Most brucellosis-related deaths are due to endocarditis.


Question: What is brucellosis?

Answer: Others occur in dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, and camels. Recently, scientists have seen new strains in the red fox and certain marine animals, including seals. Brucella in animals cannot be cured. Very rarely, the bacteria may spread from person to person. The infection from this type of bacteria spreads from dogs. You are more likely to get brucellosis if you: Eat or drink unpasteurized dairy products from cows, goats, or other animals that are infected with the bacteria Eat other unpasteurized cheeses called "village cheeses." B. suis may cause areas of infection (called abscesses) in different organs.


Question: Can you get brucellosis from your dog?

Answer: B. canis. But spreading brucellosis this way is uncommon. Most dogs infected with Brucella do NOT spread the bacteria to their owners. You are more likely to get brucellosis from an infected dog if you come in contact with blood or other fluids from the animal. Veterinarians have an increased risk of brucellosis. There is no effective human vaccine to prevent brucellosis.


Question: What are some of the risks of gastric bypass surgery?

Answer: People who have gastric bypass surgery are at risk for: Pouch stretching. The stomach gets bigger over time, stretching back to its original size. Breakdown of staple lines. The staples fall apart. Nutritional, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies. Your body will be less able to get nutrients from food. Stomal stenosis. A narrowing forms at the connection of the stomach and small intestine causing nausea, vomiting, reflux, and then an inability to eat. You can get gallstones when you lose weight quickly.


Question: Are arthritis medications useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Starting treatment soon after diagnosis is most effective. And the best medical care combines rheumatoid arthritis medications and other approaches. These rheumatoid arthritis medications help relieve symptoms and may stop or slow joint damage.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. By reducing inflammation, NSAIDS help reduce swelling and pain. But they are not effective in reducing joint damage. These drugs alone are not effective in treating the disease. They should be taken in combination with other rheumatoid arthritis medications.


Question: What are biologic response modifiers for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They target the part of the immune system response that leads to inflammation and joint damage. By doing this, they can improve your condition and help relieve symptoms.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. By reducing inflammation, NSAIDS help reduce swelling and pain. But they are not effective in reducing joint damage. These drugs alone are not effective in treating the disease. They should be taken in combination with other rheumatoid arthritis medications.


Question: What are biologic response modifiers?

Answer: These are the main types of RA medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic response modifiers (a type of DMARD) Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs) Analgesics (painkillers) In the past, doctors took a conservative, stepwise approach toward treating rheumatoid arthritis. They target the part of the immune system response that leads to inflammation and joint damage. By doing this, they can improve your condition and help relieve symptoms.


Question: What are tips for managing my bipolar disorder?

Answer: Along with seeing your doctor and therapist and taking your medicines, simple daily habits can make a difference. Pay attention to your sleep. Exercise. Focus on the basics: Favor fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains. And cut down on fat, salt, and sugar. Tame stress. Limit caffeine. Avoid alcohol and drugs.


Question: What is Tommy John surgery?

Answer: It's most commonly done on college and pro athletes, especially baseball pitchers. But it's sometimes done on younger people as well. The surgery is named after former Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John. In 1974, he underwent the first surgery of this type. During Tommy John surgery, a surgeon replaces the injured UCL with a tendon taken from somewhere else in the patient's body.


Question: How do ulnar collateral ligament injuries happen?

Answer: But throwers have the highest risk. That's because throwing motions that twist and bend the elbow put extreme stress on the ligament. Over time, the UCL can develop tiny or large tears. The ligament stretches and lengthens to the point where it can't hold the bones tightly enough during throwing activities. Complications can occur in anywhere from 5% to 20% of patients, depending on the technique that is used.


Question: What are tips for taking care of your skin?

Answer: Your skin reflects your health. Do you properly cleanse your skin and wear sunscreen every day? If you're a teenager or if you have a teenager at home, start now to develop healthy habits. Wear wide-brimmed hats, long sleeved shirts, and pants. Use a generous amount of sunscreen and reapply it every two hours, and more often if swimming or sweating. Use sunscreens that have a sun protection factor ( SPF) of 30 or more and that have UVA and UVB protection. Wear sun protective clothing with a UPF (ultra protection factor) of 30 or higher. Wear sunglasses that provide 100% UV protection or UV 400 protection.


Question: Why are omega-3 fatty acids important?

Answer: Lack of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and too much intake of omega-6 fatty acids is believed to be a significant contributing factor to many diseases. Since the human body cannot make omega-3 fatty acids, we have to get them from our diet. There are no standard doses for omega-3 fatty acids.


Question: How can you tell if your dog has fleas?

Answer: Ear infections are a common canine health problem, and they can be caused by allergies, yeast, ear mites, bacteria, hair growth deep in the ear canal, and more. Signs your dog may have fleas include: Excessive scratching, licking, or biting at the skin Hair loss Hot spots Allergic dermatitis (allergic response caused by contact) Tapeworms (which are carried by fleas) Flea dirt (looks like small black dots) against your dog's skin Untreated, fleas not only make your dog intensely uncomfortable, they can also cause allergic reactions, infections, and even lead to anemia from blood loss.


Question: How can I prevent spine fractures?

Answer: It's the best way to diagnose osteoporosis. Even if you already have it, you can take steps to keep it from getting worse. Eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and get regular exercise, especially the weight-bearing and muscle strengthening kinds.


Question: Who is most likely to get spine fractures?

Answer: When osteoporosis has made your bones weak, the chances are higher that they'll crack or break, even the bones of your spine. As you get older, your bones become thinner and weaker, and you're more likely to have osteoporosis. Women and men who have osteoporosis have much higher chances of getting spine fractures.


Question: What do I need to know about osteoporosis and spine fractures?

Answer: The best way to prevent these fractures is to keep your bones as strong as possible by treating or preventing osteoporosis. But over time, symptoms of a spinal fracture may include: Sudden, severe back pain Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk Trouble bending or twisting your body Loss of height A curved, stooped shape to your spine Fractures in the lower spine often cause greater pain and trouble moving than those in the upper spine. Women and men who have osteoporosis have much higher chances of getting spine fractures.


Question: What are diuretics and what are they used for?

Answer: This makes it easier for your heart to pump. These medicines may be used to treat high blood pressure and ease the swelling and water buildup caused by many medical problems, including heart failure. Diuretics also help to make breathing easier. Extreme tiredness or weakness : Both should get better as your body adjusts to the medication.


Question: What are some general tips for taking diuretics if you have heart failure?

Answer: The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you need to take it will depend on the type of diuretic you're prescribed and your condition. Call your doctor if you gain 2 pounds in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week. While taking them, have your blood pressure and kidneys tested regularly, as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that your doctor can monitor your response to the medicine. Avoid alcohol and sleep aids. They may increase the side effects of this drug.


Question: How can ADHD affect kids?

Answer: To release that restless energy, kids with ADHD need to get plenty of exercise. Research is finding that staying active not only lets kids with ADHD burn off steam, but it also can help with issues such as: lack of focus impulsivity poor social skills When used along with traditional ADHD treatments such as stimulant medicines and counseling, regular fitness can have a positive impact on a child's ADHD symptoms. One of the areas in which kids with ADHD have particular trouble is with executive function . Many kids with ADHD also struggle socially and with their behavior.


Question: How are endoscopic resections used to treat acoustic neuroma?

Answer: The downside of this technique is that it results in permanent hearing loss. Using this approach may enable surgeons to preserve a patient's hearing. Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas.


Question: What are the early symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Many people attribute the symptoms to normal changes of aging, so it may be a while before the condition is diagnosed. The first symptom is usually a gradual loss of hearing in one ear, often accompanied by ringing in the ear (tinnitus) or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Less commonly, acoustic neuromas may cause sudden hearing loss. There are three main surgical approaches for removing an acoustic neuroma: Translabyrinthine, which involves making an incision behind the ear and removing the bone behind the ear and some of the middle ear.


Question: What are the surgical approaches for treating acoustic neuroma?

Answer: An acoustic neuroma is a noncancerous growth that develops on the eighth cranial nerve. The downside of this technique is that it results in permanent hearing loss. Retrosigmoid/sub-occipital, which involves exposing the back of the tumor by opening the skull near the back of the head. This approach can be used for removing tumors of any size and offers the possibility of preserving hearing. Middle fossa, which involves removing a small piece of bone above the ear canal to access and remove small tumors confined to the internal auditory canal, the narrow passageway from the brain to the middle and inner ear. Using this approach may enable surgeons to preserve a patient's hearing. The tumor's growth may slow or stop or it may even shrink, but radiation doesn't completely remove the tumor.


Question: What is an acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, it connects the inner ear with the brain and has two different parts. One part is involved in transmitting sound; the other helps send balance information from the inner ear to the brain. The upside of this approach is that it allows the surgeon to see an important cranial nerve (the facial nerve) clearly before removing the tumor.


Question: What is a transthoracic needle lung biopsy?

Answer: Lung biopsy: If a tumor is on the periphery of the lung, it may not be seen with bronchoscopy. Instead, a biopsy sample has to be taken with the help of a needle inserted through the chest wall and into the tumor. This procedure is called a transthoracic needle biopsy. They can look at the lungs and lymph nodes nearby and can take a biopsy of the tissue.


Question: What is swimmer's ear?

Answer: Swimmer's ear, which has the medical name of otitis externa, is an infection in your ear canal. Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. Your doctor may need to test a sample of any fluid in your ear to help you decide on the best treatment.


Question: What causes swimmer's ear other than water?

Answer: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. If you use cotton swabs, fingers, hairpins, pen caps, or anything else to clean your ears, it can rub away the protective earwax or scratch your skin. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. But sometimes, it can get worse or lead to other problems, such as: Long-term swimmer's ear (chronic otitis externa).


Question: Can you get swimmer's ear if you don't swim?

Answer: No matter how you got your swimmer's ear, once you learn to recognize the signs, you have plenty of options to treat it. Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. When water gets stuck in your ear canal after swimming -- or after you soak in a hot tub or even take a shower or bath -- it can remove some of the earwax and soften the skin, which makes it easier for germs to get in.