Question: When should I have someone call 911 when I'm giving CPR?

Answer: Collapses Becomes unresponsive Tap the person's shoulder and shout, " Are you OK?"


Question: What can you do to control both psoriasis and diabetes?

Answer: Some lifestyle changes can help you control both your psoriasis and diabetes.


Question: How can asking questions help with psoriasis and diabetes?

Answer: Learn about the drugs you take, their side effects, and how long you'll need to be on them. If you don't understand something or have concerns about anything, ask your doctor.


Question: How can treatments for psoriasis affect diabetes?

Answer: In some cases, she may be able to give you medicine that helps keep both health issues in check. For instance, some people who take a type 2 diabetes drug called a glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) notice that their skin gets better. This may be because it slows down your immune system. That helps ease inflammation throughout your body. On the other hand, some drugs that treat psoriasis can raise your blood sugar and make your diabetes harder to control. That means your doctor probably won't give you corticosteroids (steroids) or cyclosporine, which are both used to calm inflammation.


Question: How can eating healthily help with psoriasis and diabetes?

Answer: Certain foods like fruits, veggies, and whole grains can help control your diabetes and psoriasis. Others (like sugary treats and alcohol) will make them worse. Ask a dietitian or nutritionist to help you plan healthy meals.


Question: How can working as a team help with psoriasis and diabetes?

Answer: Find health care providers you trust and make sure they talk to one another to give you the care you need. If you don't understand something or have concerns about anything, ask your doctor.


Question: What are flu epidemics or pandemics?

Answer: Outbreaks are grouped in two ways: Epidemics happen in a set area. Pandemics take place on a worldwide scale. The CDC says winter flu epidemics affect 300,000 to 600,000 people each year. About 200,000 people wind up in the hospital and between 3,000 and 49,000 don't survive.


Question: How can I avoid getting the flu?

Answer: Wash them often to remove germs. And get a flu shot. The CDC makes a flu vaccine based on the type A strain that it believes will be most prevalent in the coming flu season.


Question: What causes the flu?

Answer: This illness is different from a cold. While more than 100 different viruses can cause a cold, only influenza virus types A, B, and C cause the flu. Type A and B viruses cause the large seasonal outbreaks. Type C usually causes milder respiratory symptoms. While the flu vaccine can help protect you from types A and B, there is no immunization for type C virus.


Question: How long am I contagious if I have the flu?

Answer: You can spread the flu 7 days after symptoms start. The virus can live in your mucus and spit up to 24 hours before you start to feel bad. This means you might give it to someone else a full day before your symptoms begin. Young children can still spread the flu even into the second week of illness.


Question: Why is the flu more common in the winter?

Answer: Many things may play a role: The virus lives longer indoors in winter, because the air is less humid than outside. While it's alive and in the air, it's easy for people to inhale it, or for it to land on the eyes, nose, or mouth. We spend more time indoors and have closer contact with each other, which makes it easier for the virus to spread.


Question: Can animals get flu viruses?

Answer: Type A flu viruses are also found in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, and seals. Type B viruses only affect people.


Question: Can icing your neck help with whiplash?

Answer: To help with recovery, you should: Ice your neck to reduce pain and swelling as soon as you can after the injury. Do it for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days. Wrap the ice in a thin towel or cloth to prevent injury to the skin.


Question: How are neck strains and neck sprains different?

Answer: Neck strains are caused by damage to the muscle or the tendons, bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Neck sprains are caused by tearing of the ligaments, the tissues that connect the bones to each other. However, the differences between these strains and sprains probably won't mean much to you. The causes, symptoms, and treatment of neck sprains and neck strains are usually the same.


Question: Can you get a concussion from whiplash?

Answer: The blow that causes neck strain can sometimes cause a concussion, too. Since concussions can be serious, you need to see a doctor right away. You need emergency medical care if you have a headache that worsens or persists, have weakness or trouble talking, or are confused, dizzy, nauseous, excessively sleepy, or unconscious.


Question: What are the symptoms of whiplash?

Answer: The symptoms may include: Pain, decreased range of motion, and tightness in the neck. The muscles may feel hard or knotted. Pain when rocking your head from side to side or backward and forward. Pain or stiffness when moving your head to look over each shoulder. Tenderness. Headaches at the base of the skull that radiate towards the forehead. Sometimes, the pain of a neck strain is immediate. In other cases, it can take several hours or days before your neck begins to hurt.


Question: What are neck strains?

Answer: Neck strain is often just called whiplash. Although it's usually associated with car accidents, any impact or blow that causes your head to jerk forward or backward can cause neck strain. The sudden force stretches and tears the muscles and tendons in your neck. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Neck strain afflicts many amateur and professional athletes. People who play contact sports like football are especially prone to neck strain.


Question: Can you prevent whiplash?

Answer: There's not much you can do to prevent whiplash caused by an accident, of course. But there are some things you can do to improve your odds: Practice strengthening exercises to keep your neck muscles strong and limber, especially if you have had neck strain before. People who sit in the same position all day, like office workers, should take regular breaks to stretch and exercise their necks.


Question: How long does it take for whiplash to get better?

Answer: Recovery time depends on how serious your whiplash is. Most cases resolve in a few days. But other neck strains may take weeks or longer to heal. Remember that everyone heals at a different rate. Once the acute symptoms of neck strain are gone, your doctor will probably want you to start rehabilitation. This will make your neck muscles stronger and more limber. It will help you both recover and reduce the odds of straining your neck again in the future. Do not try to return to your previous level of physical activity until you can: Look over both shoulders without pain or stiffness Rock your head all the way forward and all the way back without pain or stiffness Rock your head from side to side without pain or stiffness If you start pushing yourself before your neck strain is healed, you could end up with chronic neck pain and permanent injury.


Question: How do you treat whiplash?

Answer: To help with recovery, you should: Ice your neck to reduce pain and swelling as soon as you can after the injury. Do it for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days. Wrap the ice in a thin towel or cloth to prevent injury to the skin. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve), will help with pain and swelling. If over the counter medications do not work, prescription painkillers and muscle relaxants may be necessary. Use a neck brace or collar to add support, if your doctor recommends it. However, they are not recommended for long-term use, because they can actually weaken the muscles in your neck. Use heat on your neck only after the initial swelling has gone down. You could use warm, wet towels or take a warm bath.


Question: What are tips to prevent asthma when Iâm outdoors?

Answer: Try to avoid extreme temperature changes -- they are causes of asthma for some people with asthma. To protect yourself from insect stings, wear shoes, long pants and sleeves, and do not wear scented deodorants, perfumes, shampoos, or hair products.


Question: How can I prevent an allergic asthma reaction to insects?

Answer: Many homes and apartments have cockroaches and other insects. Some people with asthma are allergic to a protein in their droppings. To prevent an allergic asthma reaction, try the following steps to control insects in your home: Use roach baits or traps. Insect sprays can be used but should only be sprayed when no one is at home. Before you or your child returns home after spraying, make sure that your home has been aired out for a couple of hours. Because cockroaches survive in high-humid environments, fix water leaks in and around your home. Cover food in lid containers and clean dishes after eating and sweep floors after you have eaten.


Question: How can I prevent asthma from pet dander?

Answer: To prevent asthma symptoms when you have pet allergies, try the following suggestions: It is best not to own any pets if you or your child is highly allergic. Long visits to friends and family who own pets should be avoided. If you do visit, make sure you or your child takes asthma or allergy medicines before the visit. Exposure to the pets should be kept to a minimum when visiting. If you must have a cat or dog in the home, restrict its living area. It should not be allowed in your or your child's bedroom at any time. If possible, keep the pet outside. Wash your pet weekly. Remove as much carpeting as possible.


Question: How can I prevent asthma while traveling?

Answer: For allergic asthma prevention when you travel, use the following suggestions: Pack your asthma drugs with you in your carry-on bag. Include an inhaler and antihistamines. Bring an extra bronchodilator and asthma inhaler in case you need them. Ask for a nonsmoking room. Remove feather pillows and ask for synthetic, nonallergenic pillows -- or bring your own plastic pillow cover from home. If possible, keep the vent on the room air conditioner shut.


Question: How can I prevent allergic asthma while driving?

Answer: For allergic asthma prevention when driving in your car, try these tips: Keep windows closed and set the air conditioner to use recirculated air if you are allergic to pollen. Don't permit smoking in the car.


Question: What are some ways to prevent reactions if I have dust mite allergies?

Answer: Here are some tips to help prevent allergic asthma at home: For prevention of asthma and allergies when you have dust mite allergies, try the following strategies: Wash all bedding in hot water once a week. Don't allow smoking in your house. Wear a mask and gloves when cleaning, vacuuming, or painting to limit dust and chemical exposure. Vacuum twice a week. When possible, choose hardwood floors instead of carpeting. Dust all surfaces with a damp cloth often, including lampshades and windowsills. Keep clutter under control. Replace traditional stuffed animals with washable stuffed animals. Pillows and bedding should not contain feathers. Keep indoor humidity low (25%-50%). Use a dehumidifier. Regularly change filters on heaters and air conditioners. Also change your shirt.


Question: What are some ways to prevent reactions if I have mold and mildew allergies?

Answer: For asthma prevention when you have mold and mildew allergies, try the following suggestions: Air out damp, humid areas frequently. Do not carpet the bathroom. Avoid sources of outdoor molds, such as wet leaves or garden debris. To clean visible mold, use a cleaning solution containing 5% bleach and a small amount of detergent. Avoid areas where molds may collect, including basements, garages, crawl spaces, barns, and compost heaps. Don't leave wet clothes in the washer where mold can quickly grow. Store firewood outside. Use air conditioning if possible.


Question: What can dental X-rays do?

Answer: Dental X-rays help dentists visualize diseases of the teeth and surrounding tissue that cannot be seen with a simple oral exam. In addition, X-rays help the dentist find and treat dental problems early in their development, which can potentially save you money, unnecessary discomfort, and maybe even your life.


Question: What problems can dental X-rays detect in adults?

Answer: In adults, dental X-rays can be used to: Show areas of decay that may not be visible with an oral exam, especially small areas of decay between teeth Identify decay occurring beneath an existing filling Reveal bone loss that accompanies gum disease Reveal changes in the bone or in the root canal resulting from infection Assist in the preparation of tooth implants, braces, dentures, or other dental procedures Reveal an abscess (an infection at the root of a tooth or between the gum and a tooth) In children, dental X-rays are used to: Watch for decay Determine if there is enough space in the mouth to fit all incoming teeth Determine if primary teeth are being lost quickly enough to allow permanent teeth to come in properly Check for the development of wisdom teeth and identify if the teeth are impacted (unable to emerge through the gums) Reveal other developmental abnormalities, such as cysts and some types of tumors The frequency of getting X-rays of your teeth often depends on your medical and dental history and current condition.


Question: What causes a broken tailbone after giving birth?

Answer: The coccyx (tailbone) is at the very bottom of your spine. If your baby moves through the birth canal very quickly or at the wrong angle, it can bruise or fracture your tailbone. It's more likely if your doctor delivers your baby with forceps. The pain can last for weeks or months. It may hurt when you sit down, stand for a long time, use the bathroom, or have sex.


Question: What causes pelvic girdle pain after childbirth?

Answer: It's more likely if your doctor delivers your baby with forceps. This is often a last resort, and it isn't common. There may be swelling or bleeding when the ligament stretches and the bones come apart. A gap between your pelvic bones can be painful. That pain can last for 3 to 8 months. It may hurt when you walk, and you may have trouble walking normally. You may also be in pain when you sit or stand for a long time.


Question: What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)?

Answer: Zollinger- Ellison syndrome ( ZES) is a disease of the gastrointestinal system. People who have ZES develop tumors known as gastrinomas in the pancreas and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). The gastrinomas caused by ZES secrete the hormone gastrin. Because gastrin creates excessive stomach acid, 90 percent of patients with ZES develop stomach and duodenal ulcers.


Question: How should I dress a child with eczema?

Answer: Wash clothes before wearing. Avoid heavy, tight, or scratchy material such as wool, nylon, or synthetic fibers.


Question: What are tips to help prevent skin irritation in a child with eczema?

Answer: Keep your child's fingernails short and clean. Avoid any substance you know will trigger an allergy. Avoid irritants such as perfumed soaps and detergents. Use cold compresses to relieve the itch. Don't let your baby get too hot or sweaty. Either one can make eczema worse. Never give a baby an antihistamine without talking to a pediatrician first. Ask your pediatrician about medications to relieve itching and whether food or environmental allergens could be triggering the eczema.


Question: When should I call a doctor about my baby's eczema?

Answer: Your baby develops a new rash. The rash looks infected, appears redder, or has a yellow crust or ooze. Home eczema treatments aren't helping. Your baby has a fever associated with the rash.


Question: How do I moisturize a baby with eczema?

Answer: It's not a dangerous condition, but it can be itchy and uncomfortable for baby and frustrating for parents. Limit your use of soap and discuss with your doctor the type of soap you should use. Hypoallergenic fragrance-free moisturizers are best.


Question: How do I bathe a child with eczema?

Answer: Hot water can make eczema worse. Limit your use of soap and discuss with your doctor the type of soap you should use. Rinse your child's skin twice to remove soap residue. Keep baths short since prolonged contact with water can be irritating. Either one can make eczema worse.


Question: Why is it important for cancer doctors to have experience?

Answer: Ask how many cases your doctor has treated over his or her career and over the past year. How many is enough? There's no easy answer. But you should have the feeling that your doctor is treating people like you on a regular basis.


Question: What other doctors may help with the treatment of cancer?

Answer: Depending on your case, you may also need to see other types of doctors for special cancer care. For instance, you may need to see a hematologist, who specializes in treating disorders of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Sometimes, surgery might be done by a general surgeon instead of a surgical oncologist. Or you might need to see a plastic surgeon if you need reconstructive surgery after treatment. You might also wish to see a psychiatrist or a psycho-oncologist, a psychiatrist who specializes in the psychological challenges of coping with cancer.


Question: Why is it important for cancer doctors to have good training?

Answer: Those framed degrees on a cancer specialist's wall aren't just for decoration, says Terri Ades, DNP, FNP- BC, AOCN, director of cancer information at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta. Look at them closely. Where did your doctor train? Ask if he or she has other special qualifications or areas of interest. Ask if he or she has published any relevant journal articles on cancer treatment.


Question: Why is it important to be open with your questions when choosing a cancer doctor?

Answer: This is one of the most important things to look for in a cancer specialist. You need to feel like your doctor is listening to you and answering your questions. Also, make sure your doctor will be available to you when you need to talk to him or her -- even after you leave the office.


Question: Other than cancer treatment specialists, what other specialists may I need to see for cancer care?

Answer: Depending on your case, you may also need to see other types of doctors for special cancer care. For instance, you may need to see a hematologist, who specializes in treating disorders of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Sometimes, surgery might be done by a general surgeon instead of a surgical oncologist. Or you might need to see a plastic surgeon if you need reconstructive surgery after treatment. You might also wish to see a psychiatrist or a psycho-oncologist, a psychiatrist who specializes in the psychological challenges of coping with cancer.


Question: How important is school, training, and qualifications in choosing a cancer specialist?

Answer: Those framed degrees on a cancer specialist's wall aren't just for decoration, says Terri Ades, DNP, FNP- BC, AOCN, director of cancer information at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta. Look at them closely. Where did your doctor train? Ask if he or she has other special qualifications or areas of interest.


Question: What is a medical oncologist?

Answer: This is the cancer specialist you'll probably see most often. Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your oncologist will also be in charge of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You'll likely visit your medical oncologist for long-term, regular checkups.


Question: What are the different kinds of cancer specialists?

Answer: Basically, there are three ways to treat cancer: with medicine (such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy), with radiation, and with surgery. Each treatment may be handled by a different specialist. Not every person will need all three types of treatments.


Question: What is a surgical oncologist?

Answer: This is a surgeon who has special training in treating cancer. Your surgical oncologist may be called in to diagnose cancer with a biopsy. Surgical oncologists also treat cancer by removing tumors or other cancerous tissue.


Question: How do medical oncologists treat cancer?

Answer: This is the cancer specialist you'll probably see most often. Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your oncologist will also be in charge of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You'll likely visit your medical oncologist for long-term, regular checkups.


Question: How do surgical oncologists treat cancer?

Answer: This is a surgeon who has special training in treating cancer. Your surgical oncologist may be called in to diagnose cancer with a biopsy. Surgical oncologists also treat cancer by removing tumors or other cancerous tissue.


Question: Should my cancer specialist be board certified?

Answer: Board-certified doctors are trained in a specific area of medicine and must pass an exam testing their knowledge and skill. So if your doctor is board-certified -- in medical oncology or surgery, for instance -- you can be confident that he or she is highly qualified in that field. That said, board certification is not available for every subtype of cancer treatment.


Question: What type of experience should I look for in my cancer specialist?

Answer: A cancer specialist should have a lot of experience treating the specific type of cancer that you have. Ask how many cases your doctor has treated over his or her career and over the past year. How many is enough? There's no easy answer.


Question: What is a radiation oncologist?

Answer: Radiation oncologist.


Question: Other than tangible qualifications, what should I look for in a cancer specialist?

Answer: This is one of the most important things to look for in a cancer specialist. You need to feel like your doctor is listening to you and answering your questions. Also, make sure your doctor will be available to you when you need to talk to him or her -- even after you leave the office.


Question: How does someone find a cancer specialist?

Answer: Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your insurance company may also have a specific list of providers that they will work with.


Question: How many cancer specialists will someone with cancer need to see?

Answer: Cancer is a complex and tricky disease, so you may need to see several different cancer specialists during your treatment. You need to feel like your doctor is listening to you and answering your questions.


Question: Where do I go to find a cancer specialist?

Answer: Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your insurance company may also have a specific list of providers that they will work with. There are other ways to get the names of cancer specialists. You could call your local hospital and ask for the names of cancer specialists who are on staff.


Question: How can I prepare for an electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Answer: Your doctor uses the EKG to: Assess your heart rhythm Diagnose poor blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia) Diagnose a heart attack Evaluate certain abnormalities of your heart, such as an enlarged heart To prepare for an EKG: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test. They interfere with the electrode-skin contact. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on the legs. Wear a shirt that can be easily removed to place the leads on the chest.


Question: What can an electrocardiogram (EKG) do?

Answer: Your doctor uses the EKG to: Assess your heart rhythm Diagnose poor blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia) Diagnose a heart attack Evaluate certain abnormalities of your heart, such as an enlarged heart To prepare for an EKG: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test.


Question: What is a signal-averaged electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Answer: This is a painless test used to assess whether a person is at high risk of developing a potentially fatal heart arrhythmia.


Question: What is a holter monitor?

Answer: A holter monitor is a portable EKG that monitors the electrical activity of a person's heart, generally for one to two days, 24 hours a day. It is most often used when the doctor suspects an abnormal heart rhythm or ischemia (not enough blood flow to the heart muscle). It is a painless test; electrodes from the monitor are taped to the skin. Once the monitor is in place, you can go home and perform all of your normal activities (except showering). You will be asked to keep a diary of your activities and any symptoms you experience and when they occur.


Question: What is an event monitor?

Answer: If your symptoms are infrequent your doctor may suggest an event monitor. This is a device that, when you push a button, will record and store the heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. Each time you develop symptoms you should try to get a reading on the monitor. Event monitors are typically used for one month.


Question: What is an electrocardiogram (EKG)?

Answer: An EKG may be part of a routine physical exam or it may be used as a test for heart disease. During an EKG, a technician will attach 10 electrodes with adhesive pads to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs.


Question: How does hepatitis C (HCV) affect your baby?

Answer: How HCV Affects Your Baby One in 20 infants born to mothers with HCV gets the virus. That can happen in the womb, during delivery, or after the baby is born. The disease usually does not affect your baby before birth. Your child can't catch the virus from your breast milk, but check with your doctor if your nipples are cracked or bleeding since the virus spreads through blood. There's no way to prevent the virus from spreading to your baby. You don't need to deliver by cesarian section just because you have hepatitis C. Test and Care Most doctors recommend testing a baby for hepatitis C after they're 18 months old.


Question: How do you get hepatitis A?

Answer: You usually get hepatitis A by eating or drinking something that has had contact with an infected person's poop, such as through dirty hands during food prep. Most people recover on their own without treatment. It's rare for pregnant women to pass it to her child.


Question: If I have hepatitis B, does my newborn need treatment?

Answer: Care After Delivery There's no cure for hepatitis B. But if your newborn gets his first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine and another shot called hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours, he has better than a 90% chance of never getting the virus. All babies routinely get the first shot. But they get the immune globulin only if the mother has or is suspected of having HBV. The baby also needs two remaining doses of the vaccine over the next 6 months to get maximum protection. You can safely breastfeed if you have hepatitis B.


Question: What is hepatitis B (HBV)?

Answer: Like hepatitis C, this virus can cause serious infections that damage the liver. You can pass both viruses to your baby before, during, or after vaginal or C-section delivery. The difference with hepatitis B is that: You can get it not only through blood, but less likely through semen, vaginal discharge, saliva, and other body fluids. A vaccine can prevent HBV infection, and most babies get it at birth.


Question: Can hepatitis A affect your labor?

Answer: But HAV can make you go into labor too early, especially if you get the virus after your first trimester. It can lead to other dangerous complications, such as causing your placenta to separate from your uterus before your baby is ready to be born.


Question: What are hepatitis C tests for babies?

Answer: You don't need to deliver by cesarian section just because you have hepatitis C. Test and Care Most doctors recommend testing a baby for hepatitis C after they're 18 months old. Checking before then isn't useful because a very young infant still carries his mother's antibodies to HCV. A test would show that the baby is infected when he might not be.


Question: What is hepatitis C (HCV)?

Answer: Today, most Americans get it after sharing needles or other tools to inject drugs. HCV is showing up in more and more pregnant women, probably because of the sharp rise in heroin and prescription drug abuse. Your child can't catch the virus from your breast milk, but check with your doctor if your nipples are cracked or bleeding since the virus spreads through blood.


Question: Does having hepatitis affect a pregnancy?

Answer: Usually, it won't hurt your unborn baby or affect your pregnancy. If your doctor knows you have it, or might have it, she can help you manage it during your pregnancy to lower the chances of any long-term liver disease for you and your baby. Like hepatitis C, this virus can cause serious infections that damage the liver. It's rare for pregnant women to pass it to her child.


Question: What should you do if you think you've been exposed to the hepatitis A virus and are pregnant?

Answer: Usually, it won't hurt your unborn baby or affect your pregnancy. What You Can Do Hepatitis A is more common in places without clean food and water and with poor sanitation systems. If you are pregnant or of childbearing age, consider getting an HAV vaccine before you visit those areas. If you've eaten at a restaurant that reported a hepatitis A outbreak, see your doctor. But you need to get it within 2 weeks of getting the virus.


Question: What types of fats are heart-healthy?

Answer: Favor unsaturated fats, such as canola, olive, and peanut oils. These oils are less likely than butter or lard to clog your arteries. Eat fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, including albacore tuna, salmon, and sardines. Omega-3s seem to lower triglycerides, fight plaque in your arteries, lower blood pressure, and reduce your risk of abnormal heart rhythms.


Question: How can I handle allergies from pets?

Answer: Since there's no completely âhypoallergenicâ dog or cat, these strategies may help: Make your bedroom off-limits. You spend a lot of time there, so if you keep your pet out of that room, that will help. Dust with a damp cloth often. You might want to wear a mask when you do that. Clean up after playtime. Wash your hands and change your clothes after you play with your pet.


Question: How can I control or prevent allergies at home?

Answer: Pollen, mold, dust mites, and animal dander are some of the usual things that cause itchy eyes and congestion. Keep windows closed and use air conditioning. Clean air filters frequently and air ducts at least once a year. Keep humidity in your house at 50% or below to prevent mold growth. Install dehumidifiers in basements and other damp areas. Avoid moldy areas: basements, garages, crawl spaces, barns, and compost heaps. Keep pets outside. Wash bedding in hot water every week to kill dust mites. Vacuum with a double-layered microfilter bag or a HEPA filter. Use air conditioning.


Question: What are common allergy triggers in homes?

Answer: Take these steps to control the things that trigger your reactions. Pollen, mold, dust mites, and animal dander are some of the usual things that cause itchy eyes and congestion. To get rid of them, you can make changes in your home and your daily habits, as well as taking your medicine. You're allergic but want to keep your pet.


Question: Which areas do doctors recommend to have fine needle aspiration?

Answer: Doctors may recommend fine needle aspiration for areas such as: cysts (fluid-filled lumps) nodules or masses (solid lumps) enlarged lymph nodes Without a biopsy, it's usually hard for a doctor to confirm what these abnormal areas contain.


Question: Why do people get a fine needle aspiration?

Answer: The most common reason to get a fine needle aspiration is to test for cancer. Most fine needle aspirations are done on these areas: breast thyroid gland lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpit Those types of fine needle aspirations are performed through the skin.


Question: What over-the-counter pain medications can help with managing discomfort after a fine needle aspiration?

Answer: At the biopsy site, you may have some: swelling soreness pain In most people, over-the-counter pain medicines are enough to decrease discomfort. Examples include the generic drug acetaminophen. It is also sold under these brand names: Actamin Panadol Tylenol Final results of testing after a fine needle aspiration can take up to a week or longer.


Question: When should a fine needle aspiration be done

Answer: Or it may be discovered on an imaging test such as: CT scan mammogram ultrasound Imaging tests may also discover abnormal spots deeper inside the body. Most fine needle aspirations are done on these areas: breast thyroid gland lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpit Those types of fine needle aspirations are performed through the skin. Ultrasound may be used during the procedure.


Question: What are potential complications from a fine needle aspiration?

Answer: Complications are infrequent. Minor bleeding under the skin at the biopsy site can occur. This can result in a tender, swollen area called a hematoma. Infection at the biopsy site is rare, because sterile techniques and equipment are used for all fine needle aspirations. The risk of complications from fine needle aspiration during endoscopy is slightly higher. But it is still quite low for most people.


Question: What should I expect after fine needle aspiration?

Answer: If you will be getting sedating medication, be sure to bring someone with you to drive you home. At the biopsy site, you may have some: swelling soreness pain In most people, over-the-counter pain medicines are enough to decrease discomfort.


Question: What can I do at home to treat food poisoning?

Answer: Diarrhea and vomiting can really throw off your body's balance of fluids and electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals, such as sodium and potassium, that help with everything from keeping your heartbeat normal to controlling how much water is in your body. So your main job is to drink plenty of fluids. Start with ice chips or small sips if you need to.


Question: What should you do to treat diarrhea from food poisoning?

Answer: It's also helpful to: Avoid food for the first few hours as your stomach settles down Drink water, broth, or an electrolyte solution, which will replace the minerals that you lose with vomiting and diarrhea Eat when you feel ready, but start with small amounts of bland, nonfatty foods such as toast, rice, and crackers Get plenty of rest Stay away from dairy, caffeine, alcohol, bubbly or fizzy drinks, or spicy and fatty foods -- they can just make everything worse Tempting as it may be, you typically want to avoid over-the-counter medicine to stop your diarrhea. That's because the diarrhea is helping to get rid of whatever is making you sick. If you think you need it, check with your doctor first. And don't give it to children -- the side effects for them could be serious.


Question: When should I call my doctor about food poisoning?

Answer: Though food poisoning usually goes away on its own, call your doctor if you have any signs of dehydration: Dry mouth or extreme thirst Not peeing much (or at all) or dark, concentrated urine Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure Weakness, dizziness, or a lightheaded feeling, especially when going from lying down or sitting to standing Confusion Also call your doctor if you see any of these symptoms: Blood in your vomit or poop Blurry vision Diarrhea for more than 3 days Extreme pain or cramps in your belly Fever over 101.5 F Throwing up that won't stop -- you can't even keep liquids down Tingling in your arms Weakness in your muscles Food poisoning is more dangerous for some people than others. It's best to call a doctor for: Adults 60 and older Babies and children People with a chronic illness or weak immune system Pregnant women


Question: What can help with food poisoning?

Answer: So your main job is to drink plenty of fluids. Start with ice chips or small sips if you need to. It's also helpful to: Avoid food for the first few hours as your stomach settles down Drink water, broth, or an electrolyte solution, which will replace the minerals that you lose with vomiting and diarrhea Eat when you feel ready, but start with small amounts of bland, nonfatty foods such as toast, rice, and crackers Get plenty of rest Stay away from dairy, caffeine, alcohol, bubbly or fizzy drinks, or spicy and fatty foods -- they can just make everything worse Tempting as it may be, you typically want to avoid over-the-counter medicine to stop your diarrhea.


Question: What should you expect when you get food poisoning?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When you have food poisoning, the first thing you want is relief. Your symptoms depend on what caused you to get sick, but you usually have diarrhea, throwing up, and an upset stomach at the least. It's no fun, but it's how your body tries to kick out the toxins and get you better. You usually get it from eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins created from these. While some cases last longer, it's usually gone within a few days. There's not a whole lot you can do except stay near a bathroom and ride it out.


Question: How is food poisoning treated?

Answer: While some cases last longer, it's usually gone within a few days. Adults or children who lose a lot of fluids -- this is called dehydration -- may need to go the hospital to get an IV. This will replace your fluids and electrolytes more quickly. For severe food poisoning caused by certain bacteria, such as listeria, you may get antibiotics. For viruses, there's nothing you can take.


Question: What are common causes of food poisoning?

Answer: Your symptoms depend on what caused you to get sick, but you usually have diarrhea, throwing up, and an upset stomach at the least. Some of the causes, from most to least common in the United States, are: Norovirus: You can get this virus from raw fruits and vegetables. You can also get this from shellfish, such as lobster and clams, that come from tainted water. Food handlers who have norovirus can also spread it as they prepare meals for customers. Salmonella. Clostridium perfringens. Usually a problem on foods left unrefrigerated for too long, this is common in meats, stews, and gravies. Campylobacter. You get can this from raw or undercooked meat, especially chicken, as well as unpasteurized milk and tainted water. Shigella. Often spread when someone uses tainted water to clean food, it can be found on seafood and raw, ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. E. coli. You often get this one from eating undercooked beef, especially ground beef, as well as drinking unpasteurized milk and cider. This is a parasite found in stream water or food contaminated by stool. Listeria . Less common than others on this list, you can get it from packaged foods such as hot dogs and lunch meats, soft cheeses such as brie, and raw fruits and vegetables. Pregnant women need to be extra careful about listeria since it can cause miscarriage.


Question: How successful is the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure for portal hypertension?

Answer: The TIPS procedure controls bleeding immediately in more than 90% of patients with portal hypertension. However, in about 20% of patients, the shunt may narrow, causing varices to re-bleed at a later time.


Question: What complications are associated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension?

Answer: Shunt narrowing or blockage can occur within the first year after the TIPS procedure. Follow-up ultrasound exams are performed frequently after the TIPS procedure to detect these complications. The signs of a blockage include increased ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) and re-bleeding. This condition can be treated by a radiologist who re-expands the shunt with a balloon or repeats the procedure to place a new stent. Encephalopathy, or abnormal functioning of the brain, can occur with severe liver disease. Hepatic encephalopathy can become worse when blood flow to the liver is reduced by TIPS, which may result in toxic substances reaching the brain without being metabolized first by the liver. This condition can be treated with medications, diet, or by making the shunt inaccessible.


Question: What are the symptoms of portal hypertension?

Answer: The onset of portal hypertension may not always be associated with specific symptoms that identify what is happening in the liver. But if you have liver disease that leads to cirrhosis, the chance of developing portal hypertension is high. The main symptoms and complications of portal hypertension include: Gastrointestinal bleeding marked by black, tarry stools or blood in the stools, or vomiting of blood due to the spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage from varices Ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) Encephalopathy or confusion and forgetfulness caused by poor liver function Reduced levels of platelets, blood cells that help form blood clots, or white blood cells, the cells that fight infection Usually, doctors make the diagnosis of portal hypertension based on the presence of ascites or of dilated veins or varices as seen during a physical exam of the abdomen or the anus.


Question: What are other treatment options for portal hypertension?

Answer: If endoscopic therapy, drug therapy, and/or dietary changes don't successfully control variceal bleeding, you may require one of the following procedures to reduce the pressure in these veins. Decompression procedures include: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( TIPS): This procedure involves placing a stent (a tubular device) in the middle of the liver. The stent connects the hepatic vein with the portal vein, which reroutes blood flow in the liver and helps relieve pressure in abnormal veins. Distal splenorenal shunt ( DSRS): This procedure connects the vein from your spleen to the vein from the left kidney in order to reduce pressure in the varices and control bleeding.


Question: What does the treatment for portal hypertension include?

Answer: Sclerotherapy is occasionally used when banding cannot be used and is a procedure in which a blood-clotting solution is injected into the bleeding varices to stop bleeding. Medications. Nonselective beta-blockers (nadolol or propranolol) may be prescribed alone or in combination with endoscopic therapy to reduce the pressure in varices and further reduce the risk of bleeding. Nonselective beta blockers are also prescribed to prevent a first variceal hemorrhage in a patient with varices that are felt to be at risk for bleeding. Esophageal variceal banding has also been used for that purpose, especially in patients who can't take beta blockers. The drug lactulose can help treat confusion and other mental changes associated with encephalopathy. If endoscopic therapy, drug therapy, and/or dietary changes don't successfully control variceal bleeding, you may require one of the following procedures to reduce the pressure in these veins.


Question: What lifestyle changes should be made for portal hypertension?

Answer: Maintaining good nutritional habits and keeping a healthy lifestyle may help you avoid portal hypertension. Some of the things you can do to improve the function of your liver include the following: Do not use alcohol or street drugs. Do not take any over-the-counter or prescription drugs or herbal medicines without first consulting your doctor or nurse. You will probably be required to consume no more than 2 grams of sodium per day. Reduced protein intake may be required if confusion is a symptom. A dietitian can create a meal plan for you. Be sure to follow the dietary recommendations that your health care providers give you.


Question: What are the symptoms of syphilis?

Answer: Syphilis is a tricky disease with four stages. In the primary stage, the main symptom is a sore. Sometimes syphilis is called the "great imitator" because the sore can look like a cut, an ingrown hair, or a harmless bump. The secondary stage starts with a rash on your body, followed by sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus. Symptoms usually disappear in the third, or latent, stage. This stage can last for years or the rest of your life. Only about 15% of people with untreated syphilis will develop the final stage. In the late stage, it causes organ and nerve damage. It can also cause problems in your brain.


Question: What is trichomoniasis?

Answer: More women than men get trichomoniasis, which is caused by a tiny parasite. Men and women can give it to each other through penis-vagina contact. Women can give it to each other when their genital areas touch. Only about 30% of people with trichomoniasis have symptoms including itching, burning, or sore genitals. You might also see a smelly, clear, white, yellowish, or greenish discharge. Trichomoniasis is treated with antibiotics. It is important to be retested within three months of treatment, even if your partner has been treated as well.


Question: What are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer: They can feel like the flu, with muscle aches, fatigue, or a slight fever. You could also lose weight or have diarrhea. The only sure way to tell if you've been infected is to get your saliva or blood tested.


Question: How do you get HPV (human papillomavirus)?

Answer: Nearly every sexually active person will have HPV at some point. It is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the U. S. More than 40 types of HPV can be spread sexually. You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.


Question: What are the symptoms of herpes?

Answer: You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In the primary stage, the main symptom is a sore. The main symptom of herpes is painful blisters around the penis, vagina, or anus.


Question: What is the most commonly reported STD in the United States?

Answer: You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Sometimes you'll notice an odd discharge from your vagina or penis, or pain or burning when you pee. But only about 25% of women and 50% of men get symptoms. Chlamydia is caused by bacteria, so it's treated with antibiotics. After you are treated, you should get retested in three months, even if your partner has been treated as well.


Question: What are signs of moderate aortic stenosis?

Answer: If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when you're active Chest pain Tightness or pressure in your chest Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats) Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder Your doctor may also hear a heart murmur during an exam.


Question: Why do most people find out about mild aortic stenosis during a checkup?

Answer: Because these symptoms are so subtle, most people find out about mild cases during a checkup. When your doctor listens to your heart, she may hear an abnormal whooshing sound between heartbeats. Called a heart murmur, this distinct sound can show up long before other aortic stenosis symptoms.


Question: What do you need to know about severe aortic stenosis?

Answer: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. You can have a slightly more advanced case of aortic stenosis but still not show any symptoms. If your aortic stenosis is severe, you may have the same symptoms as some people with moderate cases -- such as chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath when you're active, and fainting. If left untreated, severe aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure. Intense fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling of your ankles and feet are all signs of this. It can also lead to heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) and even sudden cardiac death.


Question: What do you need to know about moderate aortic stenosis?

Answer: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. In fact, many people who have a mild case may not notice any symptoms. Or, you may start to feel the effects of a smaller aortic valve opening and the strain that's putting on your heart. If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when you're active Chest pain Tightness or pressure in your chest Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats) Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder Your doctor may also hear a heart murmur during an exam.


Question: How is mild aortic stenosis diagnosed?

Answer: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. In fact, many people who have a mild case may not notice any symptoms. When your doctor listens to your heart, she may hear an abnormal whooshing sound between heartbeats.


Question: What is aortic stenosis?

Answer: Aortic stenosis is a type of heart valve disease. Your aortic valve transfers blood from the left ventricle of your heart to your aorta, the largest artery you have. If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. While aortic stenosis is most common in older people, some children are born with it.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the chest, lungs, and heart?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but chest pain and shortness of breath can be symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. These might happen when the chest wall and the cartilage that links your ribs to your breastbone get inflamed. It's also rare, but your lungs or your aorta (the large blood vessel that leaves your heart) could be affected.


Question: How many people get psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Up to a third of people with psoriasis also get psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A). Most people are diagnosed between 30 and 50, but you can get it at any age. It causes inflammation, mainly in your joints. And it can affect other body parts, too.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the tendons?

Answer: You could also get inflammation where a muscle connects to a bone, such as the Achilles tendon behind your heel. It might hurt to walk and climb stairs.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the fingernails and toenails?

Answer: Many people with psoriatic arthritis see tiny dents, called pitting, and ridges in their nails.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the joints?

Answer: Often you'll notice swelling in your knees, ankles, feet, and hands. Usually, a few joints are inflamed at a time. They get painful and puffy, and sometimes hot and red. When your fingers or toes are affected, they might take on a sausage shape. Stiff joints are common. They're typically worse early in the morning. If you have both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, your odds are even higher. Inflammation in the colored part of your eye, the iris, can cause pain that gets worse in bright light. Arthritis mutilans, a rare but destructive condition that sometimes happens with psoriatic arthritis, rapidly damages joints at the ends of your fingers and toes. Women with psoriasis and anyone with severe psoriatic arthritis may be almost twice as likely to get it as others. If you have psoriasis and your joints hurt, let your doctor know.


Question: What are the side effects of taking insulin?

Answer: The major ones include: Low blood sugar Weight gain when you first start using it Lumps or scars where you've had too many insulin injections Rash at the site of injection or, rarely, over your entire body With inhaled insulin, there's a chance that your lungs could tighten suddenly if you have asthma or the lung disease COPD.


Question: What types of insulin are there?

Answer: Regular- or short-acting insulin takes about 30 minutes to work fully and lasts for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin takes 2 to 4 hours to work fully. Its effects can last for up to 18 hours. Long-acting insulin can work for an entire day. Your doctor may prescribe more than one type.


Question: How do you store injectable insulin?

Answer: Always have two bottles of each type you use on hand. You don't need to refrigerate vials of insulin that you're using. A good rule of thumb is that if the temperature is comfortable for you, the insulin is safe. You can store the bottle that you're using at room temperature (not higher than 80 F) for 30 days. You don't want it to get too hot or too cold, and keep it out of direct sunlight. You should keep your extra backup bottles in the refrigerator. The night before you're going to start using a new bottle, take it out and let it warm up. Don't let your insulin freeze. Always look at your insulin inside the bottle before you draw it into the syringe. Rapid-acting, short-acting, and certain long-acting types should be clear. Other forms may look cloudy, but they shouldn't have clumps. If you carry a bottle with you, be careful not to shake it. That makes air bubbles, which can change the amount of insulin you get when you withdraw it for an injection. For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package.


Question: When do you take insulin for diabetes?

Answer: You want to time your shot so that the glucose from your food gets into your system at about the same time that the insulin starts to work. This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. For example, if you use a rapid-acting insulin, you'd likely take it 10 minutes before or even with your meal. If you use regular- or intermediate-acting insulin, you should generally take it about a half-hour before your meals, or at bedtime. Follow your doctor's advice. The major ones include: Low blood sugar Weight gain when you first start using it Lumps or scars where you've had too many insulin injections Rash at the site of injection or, rarely, over your entire body With inhaled insulin, there's a chance that your lungs could tighten suddenly if you have asthma or the lung disease COPD. Always have two bottles of each type you use on hand.


Question: How do you store inhaled insulin?

Answer: For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package. You should keep a sealed package in the refrigerator until you're ready to start using it. If you don't, you must use it within 10 days. You can refrigerate packages you've opened, but let a cartridge warm up to room temperature for 10 minutes before you use it.


Question: When do I take insulin for diabetes?

Answer: You want to time your shot so that the glucose from your food gets into your system at about the same time that the insulin starts to work. This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. For example, if you use a rapid-acting insulin, you'd likely take it 10 minutes before or even with your meal. If you use regular- or intermediate-acting insulin, you should generally take it about a half-hour before your meals, or at bedtime. Follow your doctor's advice. For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package.


Question: How does insulin help treat diabetes?

Answer: This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. A good rule of thumb is that if the temperature is comfortable for you, the insulin is safe.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of anemia?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.


Question: What causes dry mouth?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty. Usually, it happens because the glands in your mouth make less saliva. You may get it because of medications you take, treatments for other conditions like cancer, diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, nerve damage in the head and neck, or tobacco use.


Question: What are some signs that my excessive thirst is caused by anemia?

Answer: Mild anemia probably won't make you thirsty, but you might find yourself craving more water if the condition gets severe. Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of diabetes insipidus?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty.


Question: Can my thirst be because of diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body. Excessive thirst is one of the major symptoms.


Question: Can my thirst be because of diabetes?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body. Glucose in your urine draws in more water, so you pee more often. That leaves your body wanting to replace the fluid you're losing.


Question: How can you quench your thirst?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty. Drinking more water is a good place to start. But if you can't satisfy your craving for it, talk with your doctor. Whatever the cause, don't just live with it. Most of the conditions that cause thirst are treatable.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of diabetes?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of dry mouth?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.


Question: What does it mean if you're dehydrated?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body.


Question: Can my thirst be because of dry mouth?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty. Usually, it happens because the glands in your mouth make less saliva. You may get it because of medications you take, treatments for other conditions like cancer, diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, nerve damage in the head and neck, or tobacco use.


Question: Can my thirst be because of anemia?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. Some people are born with it, while others get it later in life. There are a lot of things that can cause it, including diseases, a poor diet, or heavy bleeding. Mild anemia probably won't make you thirsty, but you might find yourself craving more water if the condition gets severe.


Question: What is diabetes insipidus and could it be the cause of excessive thirst?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body. Excessive thirst is one of the major symptoms. If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty.


Question: Why are people with diabetes always thirsty?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body. Glucose in your urine draws in more water, so you pee more often. That leaves your body wanting to replace the fluid you're losing.


Question: What are signs of dehydration in kids?

Answer: Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes.


Question: What does dehydration mean and why does it occur?

Answer: It can happen for a lot of reasons, such as exercise, diarrhea, vomiting, and too much sweating. Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes. When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly.


Question: What are signs that constant thirst may be due to diabetes?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes.


Question: What are signs of dehydration?

Answer: Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes.


Question: What are signs of dry mouth other than excessive thirst?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.


Question: What causes anemia?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. Some people are born with it, while others get it later in life. There are a lot of things that can cause it, including diseases, a poor diet, or heavy bleeding.


Question: What does it mean if you're always thirsty?

Answer: It's normal to feel thirsty when it's hot or after you've powered through an intense workout. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body.


Question: When should you see your doctor about vomiting and nausea?

Answer: Pain in the middle or lower right side of the abdomen Headache or stiff neck and light hurts the eyes Vomiting blood or black, tarry stools Confusion or lethargy Get medical care if the person has any of the following symptoms: Can't keep down liquids or foods for more than 24 hours Fever with abdominal pain Signs of dehydration (dizziness; decreased, dark urination; fatigue) Unable to take medication the person normally takes Nausea or vomiting is due to surgery, anticancer drugs, motion sickness, pregnancy, or vertigo.


Question: What are self care options for nausea?

Answer: Have the person drink small amounts of water, sports drinks, or clear liquids. If the person can keep it down, give the person light, bland foods like bread and crackers.


Question: When should you call 911 about vomiting and nausea?

Answer: Pain in the middle or lower right side of the abdomen Headache or stiff neck and light hurts the eyes Vomiting blood or black, tarry stools Confusion or lethargy Get medical care if the person has any of the following symptoms: Can't keep down liquids or foods for more than 24 hours Fever with abdominal pain Signs of dehydration (dizziness; decreased, dark urination; fatigue) Unable to take medication the person normally takes Nausea or vomiting is due to surgery, anticancer drugs, motion sickness, pregnancy, or vertigo.


Question: What are self care options for vomiting?

Answer: Have the person drink small amounts of water, sports drinks, or clear liquids. Don't give the person solid food until vomiting has stopped. When the person can tolerate food, try small amounts of the BRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast.


Question: How long does diarrhea last?

Answer: Diarrhea in an adult worsens or doesn't clear up after 2 or 3 days A child doesn't feel better after 24 hours


Question: What fluids are best for dehydration from diarrhea?

Answer: Here are some basic tips: Give an adult plenty of clear fluid, like fruit juices, soda, sports drinks and clear broth. Avoid milk or milk-based products, alcohol, apple juice, and caffeine while you have diarrhea and for 3 to 5 days after you get better. They may make diarrhea worse. Give a child or infant frequent sips of a rehydration solution such as Pedialyte, Cera Lyte, or Infalyte. Do not add salt tablets to a baby's bottle.


Question: What should you eat when you have diarrhea?

Answer: Ease Into Eating Feed an infant or child easily digested foods; the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) is a good choice as soon as they can tolerate food. For an adult, add semisolid and low-fiber foods gradually as diarrhea stops. Avoid spicy, greasy, or fatty foods.


Question: What should I do for someone who has diarrhea?

Answer: Rest Have the person rest as needed and avoid strenuous exercise. Keep a sick child home from school or day care. Ease Into Eating Feed an infant or child easily digested foods; the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) is a good choice as soon as they can tolerate food. When to Call a Doctor Call a doctor if: You suspect that you or your child is dehydrated. There is stomach pain that is not relieved by having a bowel movement.


Question: When should you call a doctor about diarrhea?

Answer: Take Fluids Ask your doctor what fluids are best for you or your child. There is blood or mucus in the stool, or the stool is black. An over-the-counter diarrhea medication seems to have worsened the diarrhea. You think the person has traveler's diarrhea or drank contaminated water. The person is taking an antibiotic that may be causing the diarrhea. There is a fever. The person is losing more fluid in his stool than he can replace by drinking fluids. Follow- Up Also seek medical attention if: You or your child has any other medical problems and has diarrhea. Diarrhea in an adult worsens or doesn't clear up after 2 or 3 days A child doesn't feel better after 24 hours


Question: Why should you never mix erectile dysfunction  medication with nitrates?

Answer: Pay attention to this: Don't take ED drugs if you also take heart medicines called nitrates. The combination can cause a dangerous drop in your blood pressure.


Question: How do I know if I need a higher dose of erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: If the amount of medicine you use now doesn't help you get an erection, you may need to take a bigger dose. But don't do this on your own. Talk to your doctor to see if an increase in medication is the right for thing for you.


Question: Should you watch what you eat after you take erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: Sometimes eating a big meal right after you take an ED drug may not always be the best idea. If you swallow sildenafil ( Viagra) with a high-fat meal, such as a steak dinner, it may take longer for it to work. You can take other ED drugs with or without food, such as: Avanafil ( Stendra) Tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis) Vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) While ED drugs work in similar ways, they're each made up of different chemicals.


Question: Why is taking things slow after taking erectile dysfunction (ED) medication important?

Answer: But don't do this on your own. That improves your blood flow and helps you get an erection. But for the drugs to work, you need to be sexually aroused. So don't rush things. Take some time to get into the mood. Use all of your senses to get turned on. To make sure you stay safe, talk to your doctor about all of the medications you take.


Question: What is psychodynamic therapy?

Answer: Different approaches to therapy include: Psychodynamic Therapy Psychodynamic therapy is based on the assumption that a person is having emotional problems because of unresolved, generally unconscious conflicts, often stemming from childhood. The goal of this type of therapy is for the patient to understand and cope better with these feelings by talking about the experiences. Psychodynamic therapy is administered over a period of at least several months, although it can last longer, even years.


Question: What are symptoms of corneal flash burns?

Answer: Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation. This is very different from a corneal abrasion due to an injury, where, ordinarily, only one eye is involved. Because the eyes are very sensitive to disease and damage, any blurred vision, change in vision, or worsening eye pain needs to be evaluated by your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).


Question: What is the follow-up for corneal flash burns after treatment?

Answer: Follow-up In most cases, you will need to follow up with your ophthalmologist in 24-48 hours for a reevaluation of the eyes and to make sure that the corneas are healing.


Question: What questions can I ask the doctor about corneal flash burns?

Answer: If you are unable to discuss your situation with an ophthalmologist and you have changes in your vision, have blurry vision, see flashing spots or light, or have worsening eye pain or pain with the movement of your eyes, then you need to go to a hospital's emergency department for an evaluation. Have you found a reason for my symptoms? Will I develop any scarring or permanent visual loss from a corneal flash burn? Is there anything I should do to prevent this injury from happening again? What can I expect to feel once the numbing eyedrops have worn off? When may I resume my regular activities?


Question: What causes corneal flash burns?

Answer: Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What protective eyeglasses can help me prevent corneal flash burns?

Answer: Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars.


Question: What is the outlook for people with corneal flash burns?

Answer: Protective eyeglasses would include: Sunglasses that protect against UVA and UVB radiation Ski goggles or "glacier glasses," particularly at high elevations Totally dark glasses for tanning beds A welder's mask when welding The cornea repairs itself rapidly and usually heals without leaving any scars. In most cases, healing takes place in 1-2 days if you follow all instructions and protect your eyes from further damage. However, some complications, such as infection, may not show up right away. Thus, it is important to return for a recheck with your ophthalmologist when it is scheduled.


Question: What is a corneal flash burn?

Answer: Eyes, particularly the cornea (the clear window of tissue on the front of the eyeball), can be damaged easily by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and from other sources of ultraviolet light, such as a welder's arc, a photographer's flood lamps, a sun lamp, or even a halogen desk lamp. The cornea takes the brunt of the damage if proper eye protection is not worn, such as dark glasses or goggles while skiing in bright sun. A corneal flash burn (also called ultraviolet keratitis) can be considered to be a sunburn of the eye surface.


Question: What is the medical treatment for corneal flash burns?

Answer: In some cases, the eye may be patched to aid in healing and pain control. Wearing sunglasses may also help relieve the pain. Treatment may involve pain medicine, antibiotic medication, or medicine to enlarge (dilate) the pupils.


Question: When should I seek medical care regarding corneal flash burns?

Answer: Corneal damage from a corneal flash burn or from a disease may cause pain, changes in vision, or loss of vision. If you are unable to discuss your situation with an ophthalmologist and you have changes in your vision, have blurry vision, see flashing spots or light, or have worsening eye pain or pain with the movement of your eyes, then you need to go to a hospital's emergency department for an evaluation.


Question: What exams and tests are used to diagnose corneal flash burns?

Answer: Because the eyes are very sensitive to disease and damage, any blurred vision, change in vision, or worsening eye pain needs to be evaluated by your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery). Your ophthalmologist looks at the surface of your eyes using special equipment, such as a slit lamp, made especially for examining the eye's surface. A numbing eyedrop to allow your eye to be examined and a painless dye called fluorescein may be put onto your eye to aid in the examination. A damaged cornea, coupled with a history of ultraviolet light exposure, confirms the diagnosis of radiation eye burns or corneal flash burns.


Question: How can I prevent corneal flash burns?

Answer: Eyes, particularly the cornea (the clear window of tissue on the front of the eyeball), can be damaged easily by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun and from other sources of ultraviolet light, such as a welder's arc, a photographer's flood lamps, a sun lamp, or even a halogen desk lamp. Radiation damage to the cornea leading to a flash burn can be caused by ultraviolet light from various sources: Sunlamp in tanning salon Reflection of the sun off the snow at high elevation (snow blindness) Photographer's flood lamp Lightning that strikes close to you Halogen lamp Welding torch Direct sunlight Solar eclipse Reflection of sunlight off water Any time from 3-12 hours after overexposure to ultraviolet light, you may begin to notice symptoms: Pain that can be mild to very severe Bloodshot eyes Light sensitivity Excessive tearing Blurry vision Sensation of a foreign body in the eye In most cases, both eyes are involved, although the symptoms may be worse in the eye that received more ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What is the endocrine system?

Answer: The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that help control many important body functions, including the body's ability to change calories into energy that powers cells and organs.


Question: What is adrenal insufficiency?

Answer: The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency.


Question: Which hormone do adrenal glands control?

Answer: Endocrine glands include: Adrenal glands: Two glands that sit on top of the kidneys that release the hormone cortisol.


Question: What is the role of the endocrine's feedback system?

Answer: A hormone imbalance may occur if this feedback system has trouble keeping the right level of hormones in the bloodstream, or if your body doesn't clear them out of the bloodstream properly.


Question: What is multiple endocrine neoplasia I and II?

Answer: These rare, genetic conditions are passed down through families. They cause tumors of the parathyroid, adrenal, and thyroid glands, leading to overproduction of hormones.


Question: How can you test for endocrine disorders?

Answer: If you have an endocrine disorder, your doctor may refer you to a specialist called an endocrinologist. An endocrinologist is specially trained in problems with the endocrine system.


Question: What causes endocrine disorders?

Answer: Endocrine disorders are typically grouped into two categories: Endocrine disease that results when a gland produces too much or too little of an endocrine hormone, called a hormone imbalance.


Question: What is the role of the pineal gland?

Answer: Pineal gland: A gland found near the center of the brain that may be linked to sleep patterns.


Question: How is endocrine disorders treated?

Answer: Treatment of endocrine disorders can be complicated, as a change in one hormone level can throw off another. Your doctor or specialist may order routine blood work to check for problems or to determine if your medication or treatment plan needs to be adjusted.


Question: How does hypopituitarism develop?

Answer: The pituitary gland releases little or no hormones. It may be caused by a number of different diseases. Women with this condition may stop getting their periods.


Question: How are endocrine disorders grouped?

Answer: Endocrine disorders are typically grouped into two categories: Endocrine disease that results when a gland produces too much or too little of an endocrine hormone, called a hormone imbalance. Endocrine disease due to the development of lesions (such as nodules or tumors) in the endocrine system, which may or may not affect hormone levels.


Question: How does precocious puberty happen?

Answer: Abnormally early puberty that occurs when glands tell the body to release sex hormones too soon in life.


Question: How are endocrine disorders treated?

Answer: Treatment of endocrine disorders can be complicated, as a change in one hormone level can throw off another. Your doctor or specialist may order routine blood work to check for problems or to determine if your medication or treatment plan needs to be adjusted.


Question: How does adrenal insufficiency happen?

Answer: The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency.


Question: How does hypothyroidism develop?

Answer: The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed development in children. Some types of hypothyroidism are present at birth.


Question: What does the pineal gland do?

Answer: Pineal gland: A gland found near the center of the brain that may be linked to sleep patterns.


Question: What are blood and urine tests used for in the diagnosis of endocrine disorder?

Answer: Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels can help your doctors determine if you have an endocrine disorder. Imaging tests may be done to help locate or pinpoint a nodule or tumor.


Question: How important is the functionality of the endocrine glands?

Answer: Even the slightest hiccup with the function of one or more of these glands can throw off the delicate balance of hormones in your body and lead to an endocrine disorder, or endocrine disease.


Question: What is the role of the parathyroid glands?

Answer: Parathyroid: Four tiny glands in the neck that play a role in bone development.


Question: Which hormones do the ovaries control?

Answer: Ovaries: The female reproductive organs that release eggs and produce sex hormones.


Question: What is hypothyroidism?

Answer: The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed development in children. Some types of hypothyroidism are present at birth.


Question: What is Gigantism?

Answer: Gigantism (acromegaly) and other growth hormone problems. If the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a child's bones and body parts may grow abnormally fast.


Question: What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer: Hypothalamus: A part of the lower middle brain that tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones.


Question: What do glands of the endocrine system do?

Answer: Each gland of the endocrine system releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. These hormones travel through your blood to other cells and help control or coordinate many body processes.


Question: What can lead to an endocrine disorder?

Answer: Even the slightest hiccup with the function of one or more of these glands can throw off the delicate balance of hormones in your body and lead to an endocrine disorder, or endocrine disease.


Question: What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer: Hypothalamus: A part of the lower middle brain that tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones.


Question: What does the endocrine system do?

Answer: Ovaries: The female reproductive organs that release eggs and produce sex hormones. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in the U. S. Other endocrine disorders include: Adrenal insufficiency. Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels can help your doctors determine if you have an endocrine disorder.


Question: What are symptoms of endocrine disorder?

Answer: Each gland of the endocrine system releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. However, most people with endocrine disease complain of fatigue and weakness.


Question: What does the endocrine system influence?

Answer: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in the U. S. Other endocrine disorders include: Adrenal insufficiency. Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels can help your doctors determine if you have an endocrine disorder.


Question: How does Marfan syndrome affect your emotions?

Answer: Learning you have Marfan syndrome may cause you to feel angry, frightened or sad. You may need to make changes in your lifestyle and adjust to having careful medical follow-up the rest of your life. You may have financial concerns. You also need to consider the risk to your future children. The National Marfan Foundation can provide support.


Question: What prescription medicines treat Marfan syndrome?

Answer: The approach depends on the structures affected and the severity: Medications Medications are typically not used to treat Marfan syndrome. However, your doctor may prescribe a beta-blocker, which decreases the forcefulness of the heartbeat and the pressure within the arteries, thus preventing or slowing the enlargement of the aorta. Beta-blocker therapy is usually started when the person with Marfan syndrome is young. Some people are unable to take beta-blockers because they have asthma or because of the medication's side effects, which may include drowsiness or weakness, headaches, slowed heartbeat, swelling of the hands and feet or trouble breathing and sleeping.


Question: Who gets Marfan syndrome?

Answer: In most cases, Marfan syndrome is inherited from a parent, but 1 in 4 cases occurs in people with no known family history of the disease. It occurs equally in men and women, who have a 50% risk of passing on the gene to their children. Marfan syndrome is present at birth, but may not be diagnosed until adolescence or later. Everyone with Marfan syndrome has the same abnormal gene, but not everyone experiences the same symptoms to the same degree.


Question: What parts of the body are affected by Marfan syndrome?

Answer: One of the biggest threats of Marfan syndrome is damage to the aorta, the artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Marfan syndrome can rupture the inner layers of the aorta, causing dissection that leads to bleeding in the wall of the vessel. Aortic dissection can be deadly. Surgery may be required to replace the affected part of the aorta. If the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a thorough physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system, obtain a history of symptoms and information about family members that may have had the disorder, to determine if you have it.


Question: How is Marfan syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: If the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a thorough physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system, obtain a history of symptoms and information about family members that may have had the disorder, to determine if you have it. Other tests, such as a chest X-ray, an electrocardiogram ( ECG), and an echocardiogram will be used to evaluate changes in the heart and blood vessels, and detect heart rhythm problems. Ask your cardiologist about activity guidelines for you.


Question: What happens during an upper endoscopy?

Answer: During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine.


Question: What is an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)?

Answer: Endoscopic ultrasound or EUS combines upper endoscopy and ultrasound examination to obtain images and information about various parts of the digestive tract.


Question: What is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography?

Answer: A special form of endoscopy called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, or ERCP, allows pictures of the pancreas, gallbladder, and related structures to be taken. ERCP is also used for stent placement and biopsies.


Question: Who performs an endoscopy?

Answer: Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office. However, all of the other endoscopy procedures are usually performed by gastroenterology specialists (gastroenterologists). Other specialists such as gastrointestinal surgeons also can perform many of these procedures.


Question: Is endoscopy safe?

Answer: Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office.


Question: Why do I need an endoscopy?

Answer: Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing Digestive tract bleeding Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation or diarrhea) Polyps or growths in the colon In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal of tissue) to look for the presence of disease. Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Also, using ERCP, gallstones that have passed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can often be removed.


Question: What is an endoscopy?

Answer: Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.


Question: What is a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy?

Answer: In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day before the procedure.


Question: How do I prepare for endoscopy?

Answer: During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. To examine the colon, it must be cleared of stool. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day before the procedure. For most examinations with an endoscope, a sedative is provided. This increases the comfort of the individual undergoing the examination. The sedative, which is administered via an injection into the vein, produces relaxation and light sleep. There are usually few if any recollections of the procedure. Patients wake up within an hour, but the effects of the medicines are more prolonged, so it is not safe to drive until the next day. General anesthesia (puts you totally asleep for a period of time) is given in only very special circumstances (in young children, and when very complex procedures are planned).


Question: What is used to treat myoclonus?

Answer: Drugs that can help myoclonus include: Tranquilizers: Clonazepam ( Klonopin) is often the first drug doctors use. It relaxes your muscles to keep them from twitching. Common side effects include feeling sleepy and being a bit clumsy. Because of that, your doctor will likely start with a very small dose. She'll prescribe bigger doses until your symptoms go away. Anti-seizure drugs: Medicines like levetiracetam ( Keppra) and primidone ( Mysoline) prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. But they can also help with myoclonus. Side effects include nausea, fatigue, and feeling dizzy. Botox injections: The botulinum toxin "freezes" your muscles and keeps them from twitching. This may work best if myoclonus affects only one area of your body.


Question: What is palatal myoclonus?

Answer: Palatal myoclonus: This is a tremor in the roof or soft palate of your mouth. Your face, tongue, diaphragm, and throat may be involved. These muscle twitches come fast. You could have as many as 150 a minute. Bursts of movement might happen while you sleep.


Question: How is myoclonus diagnosed?

Answer: Other nervous system conditions that can cause myoclonus include: Stroke Brain tumor Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia Sometimes the cause is a medical condition, such as: Head or spinal cord injury Infection Kidney or liver failure Medication reaction Lack of oxygen Your doctor will do an exam and take note of which parts of your body have spasms. He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. The doctor will put small discs (called electrodes) on your scalp. He'll connect them to wires that send signals to a computer. Electromyography ( EMG): This test checks the health of your muscles and the nerve cells that control them. It uses electrodes to sense and record the signals your nerves send to your muscles.


Question: What is myoclonus?

Answer: This is sudden jerking, quivering, or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles. You can have one episode or many in a row. And they can last as long as a few minutes. Some types of myoclonus happen to healthy people. A hiccup or doing a double take when something startles you are common examples. But some people have myoclonus because of a health problem like MS, dementia, or Parkinson's disease.


Question: How does Botox help treat myoclonus?

Answer: Botox injections: The botulinum toxin "freezes" your muscles and keeps them from twitching. This may work best if myoclonus affects only one area of your body.


Question: Which medical conditions can cause myoclonus?

Answer: Other nervous system conditions that can cause myoclonus include: Stroke Brain tumor Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia Sometimes the cause is a medical condition, such as: Head or spinal cord injury Infection Kidney or liver failure Medication reaction Lack of oxygen Your doctor will do an exam and take note of which parts of your body have spasms.


Question: What is sleep myoclonus?

Answer: Sleep myoclonus: Your muscles spasm while you sleep. It mainly affects your lips, eyes, fingers, and toes. It's rare, but it might wake you up.


Question: What is electromyography?

Answer: Electromyography ( EMG): This test checks the health of your muscles and the nerve cells that control them. It uses electrodes to sense and record the signals your nerves send to your muscles.


Question: How can magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help with the diagnosis of myoclonus?

Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI): Your doctor will use this test to take detailed pictures of your brain, spinal cord, and other body parts that might be involved.


Question: How can an electroencephalogram (EEG) help diagnose myoclonus?

Answer: He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. The doctor will put small discs (called electrodes) on your scalp.


Question: There are two effective treatments for social phobia: prescription medication and behavioral therapy. Teens may receive both at the same time.

Answer: Reticular reflex myoclonus: Twitching or jerking throughout your whole body can happen with this kind of myoclonus. Triggers include movements or something you see or hear.


Question: What is brainstem myoclonus?

Answer: Brainstem myoclonus: A sudden noise or something you see might cause a grimace. Your elbows, knees, neck, and other parts of your body may flex.


Question: What is cortical reflex myoclonus?

Answer: Cortical reflex myoclonus: This is the most common type of myoclonus. People who have this are prone to sudden jerk-like movements in their upper limbs and face.


Question: What is action myoclonus?

Answer: The types of myoclonus include: Action myoclonus: It's triggered by movement. It can affect your arms, legs, face, and voice.


Question: When do you need surgery to treat myoclonus?

Answer: If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), you may sometimes get muscle spasms, also called myoclonus. He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. Continue Reading Below Surgery: You might need it to remove the brain or spinal cord lesion that's causing your symptoms. Deep brain stimulation ( DBS): In this surgical procedure, your doctor implants electrodes into your brain and uses wire to connect them with a gadget implanted in your chest. You can use it to send out signals that block the ones causing your myoclonus. DBS can lower the number of muscle twitches, but like all surgeries, there are risks.


Question: What are sleep-related eating disorders?

Answer: Sleep-related eating disorders are characterized by abnormal eating patterns during the night.


Question: How can sleep-related eating disorders affect you?

Answer: Both of these conditions can interfere with an individual's nutrition, cause shame, and result in depression and weight gain.


Question: What are symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES) related to sleep-related eating disorder?

Answer: Symptoms of NES include the following and often persist for at least two months: Little or no appetite for breakfast Eating more food after dinner than during the meal Eating more than half of daily food intake after dinner hour Recurrent awakenings from sleep that require eating to fall back asleep NS- RED and NES differ, in that people with NES eat when they are conscious.