Question: Why might my blood sugar be high even after taking insulin?

Answer: Some of best ways to prevent high blood sugar are old-school: Exercise. That's when your body doesn't respond as well as it should to the insulin it makes. Or, you may be taking a drug for another health problem that keeps your body from using it well. How you use insulin can also matter. If you give yourself shots in the same place over and over, for instance, that area may scar, which can affect how your body absorbs the hormone. It helps to change spots or use an insulin pump. Some people also take less insulin than they should. It might be because they're afraid of low blood sugar, or they're nervous about needles. You might feel more comfortable by slowly increasing your insulin dose. Consider an insulin pump or pen if you don't like needles. Whatever the cause of your blood sugar highs, work closely with your doctor to find a solution. And always talk with him before you make any changes in your insulin dose.


Question: What are some other reasons for high blood sugar?

Answer: Some of best ways to prevent high blood sugar are old-school: Exercise. That's when your body doesn't respond as well as it should to the insulin it makes. Or, you may be taking a drug for another health problem that keeps your body from using it well. How you use insulin can also matter. If you give yourself shots in the same place over and over, for instance, that area may scar, which can affect how your body absorbs the hormone.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about headaches?

Answer: Migraines headaches are some of the hardest types of headaches to live with. Sinus headaches aren't common, and after you treat one, it doesn't usually come back.


Question: What are sinus headaches?

Answer: Most researchers believe the headaches begin in the nervous system. In some cases, they also make you feel pressure behind your face. Nasal congestion and blockage from seasonal allergies or an infection that leads to sinus congestion is the main cause, usually because of hay fever and other seasonal allergies, or a cold or the flu.


Question: What is grief?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Grief is a natural response to losing someone or something that's important to you. You may feel a variety of emotions, like sadness or loneliness. Take care of yourself.


Question: How long is too long to mourn?

Answer: Reminders of your loss, like the anniversary of a death or a familiar song, can trigger the return of grief. Accept your feelings and know that grieving is a process.


Question: What happens when pain becomes chronic?

Answer: When pain becomes chronic, you may have: Unusually high levels of stress hormones Low energy Mood disorders Muscle pain Lower-than-normal mental and physical performance. From one-quarter to more than half of the population that complains of pain to their doctors are depressed.


Question: What causes gray hair?

Answer: Without melanin, the new hair that grows in has no pigment, which makes it appear gray, white, or silver. Some people start to go gray young -- as early as their teens. When graying begins usually is determined by genes, so if your mother or father became gray early, you may, too. As they age, men tend to lose the hair on top of their head, which eventually leaves a horseshoe-shaped ring of hair around the sides. In female-pattern baldness, the hair loss is different -- it thins throughout the top of the scalp, leaving the hair in front intact. Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands.


Question: What are benefits of participating in a clinical trial for prostate cancer?

Answer: One thing to keep in mind when you join one is that you may not actually get a chance to take the drug that scientists are testing. Some people in the trial may get the new medicine, but others will get the standard treatment for prostate cancer. Some clinical trials may cover all or part of your medical costs while you take part. When you volunteer for cancer research, the results could help other men with prostate cancer live longer.


Question: How do clinical trails work for prostate cancer?

Answer: Scientists are looking for new ways to treat advanced prostate cancer in clinical trials. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you and how to find one. Your doctor will discuss these details with you. But even if you don't get the new drug, there are still advantages: You'll get detailed care and attention from the health care team that manages the study.


Question: What are the side effects of intermediate and long-acting stimulants for ADHD?

Answer: Side effects of short-acting stimulants include loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep problems, crankiness, and tics. Long-acting medicines may have greater effects on appetite and sleep. The FDA warns about the risk of drug abuse with amphetamine stimulants. FDA safety advisers are also concerned that all amphetamine and methylphenidate stimulants used for ADHD may make heart and psychiatric problems more likely.


Question: What are the side effects associated with using antidepressants to treat ADHD?

Answer: Antidepressants. The FDA has also warned about a connection between antidepressants and a higher risk of suicide in adults ages 18-24, especially in the first 1 or 2 months.


Question: What are focal onset aware seizures?

Answer: Focal onset seizures have a wide range of symptoms in different kids. It used to be called a simple partial seizure. Your child knows it's happening and can remember it when it's done. Afterward, your child may just go back to doing whatever she was doing before.


Question: Should I rush romance if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: And don't be afraid to set up some time for sex. For instance, if you know you feel in the mood during the afternoon, make a date for some private time with your partner at home. Take pain medication -- and perhaps a nap -- at least 30 minutes before sex so you're more comfortable and energized. You can use them to enhance your sex life, too. Take a bath together as part of foreplay.


Question: Should I try warming up with my partner if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you're open about your RA and how it makes you feel, it can help you and your partner have a more satisfying sex life. Take time to enjoy foreplay. Get creative to avoid putting stress your painful joints. You might also try an electric blanket on your bed to make it cozy. If you have sexual problems, talk to your doctor. You may want to get a referral to a sex therapist who has experience helping people with RA.


Question: What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and how can it affect my child?

Answer: GAD is a bit like Charlie Brown's pantophobia. Children with GAD worry excessively about lots of things: school, their own safety and health, the health of family members and friends, money, and their family's security. Your child may also isolate herself, avoiding school and friends because she is so overwhelmed by her worries.


Question: What is anxiety disorder in children?

Answer: Whether it's the monster in the closet, the big test at the end of the week, or making the cut for the soccer team, kids have things that make them anxious, just like adults. But sometimes anxiety in children crosses the line from normal everyday worries to a disorder that gets in the way of the things they need to do. It can even keep them from enjoying life as they should. All children have some level of separation anxiety.


Question: What is social phobia and how can it affect your child?

Answer: But sometimes anxiety in children crosses the line from normal everyday worries to a disorder that gets in the way of the things they need to do. How can you tell if your child's anxieties might be more than just passing worries and fears? When she explains that pantophobia is "the fear of everything," Charlie Brown yells, " That's it!" This fear can keep your child from participating in school and activities. Some children may even find themselves unable to talk at all in some situations.


Question: What is separation anxiety disorder and how can it affect your child?

Answer: Even older children may get clingy with their parents or caregivers occasionally, especially in new settings. But older children who get unusually upset when leaving a parent or someone else close to them, who have trouble calming down after saying goodbye, or who get extremely homesick and upset when away from home at school, camp, or play dates, may have separation anxiety disorder. Some children may even find themselves unable to talk at all in some situations.


Question: How can your immune system cause hair loss in men?

Answer: So if you have close relatives who are balding, you're more likely to have it, too. Your hair may grow back, but it may fall out again, too. Sunscreen won't make your hair fall out, but it will protect the areas where your hairline has receded.


Question: What are myths of hair loss in men?

Answer: More than half of men 50 or older have signs of hair loss. For example: Wearing a baseball cap or hat may give you âhat hair,â but it does not lead to hair loss. Neither does swimming in a chlorinated pool or salt water. Sunscreen won't make your hair fall out, but it will protect the areas where your hairline has receded. Hair dryers may cause your hair to be more brittle, but they won't lead to permanent hair loss.


Question: How do you use prickly pear cactus?

Answer: It is considered a healthy part of the Mexican diet. People eat the fruit of the prickly pear cactus. People also make it into: Candies Juices Wine Jellies Powders As a food, it's very common in Mexico.


Question: What precautions should you take with prickly pear cactus?

Answer: It is considered a healthy part of the Mexican diet. People also make it into: Candies Juices Wine Jellies Powders As a food, it's very common in Mexico. It may cause minor side effects, such as: Upset stomach Diarrhea Bloating Headache Risks. If you have diabetes, don't take prickly pear cactus supplements unless a doctor says it's safe. You may need to stop taking prickly pear cactus before surgery. It's not known if prickly pear cactus is safe for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: What is prickly pear cactus?

Answer: It is considered a healthy part of the Mexican diet. Prickly pear cactus may help with the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. But we need more research to be sure. Prickly pear cactus is a folk remedy for many other conditions, ranging from sunburn to ulcers to preventing mosquito bites. People also make it into: Candies Juices Wine Jellies Powders As a food, it's very common in Mexico.


Question: Does prickly pear cactus help if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: More research is needed to see if this effect would continue with repeated doses. Diabetes is a very serious condition. Don't ever try to treat it on your own with supplements. It's not known whether the supplement causes side effects.


Question: What's the best dose for prickly pear cactus?

Answer: Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to set a standard dose. Ask your doctor for advice. It's not known if prickly pear cactus is safe for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: Can incontinence continue after childbirth?

Answer: Incontinence can continue after pregnancy and may not be present right after childbirth. After pregnancy, incontinence problems may continue, because childbirth weakens the pelvic floor muscles, which can cause an overactive bladder. Pregnancy and childbirth also may contribute to bladder control problems because of the following conditions: Damage to the nerves that control the bladder The fact that the urethra and bladder have moved during pregnancy An episiotomy, a cut made in the pelvic floor muscle during delivery of a baby to allow the fetus to come out more easily Behavioral methods such as timed voiding and bladder training can be helpful in treating urinary incontinence during and after pregnancy.


Question: Can I breastfeed my baby if I have breast cancer?

Answer: Also, there's no evidence that the cancer harms the baby. Talk with your family and doctor about what's right for you. If you're getting chemotherapy, you likely shouldn't breastfeed. Many powerful chemo drugs can travel through your milk to the baby.


Question: How are pregnancy and breast cancer related?

Answer: Getting pregnant doesn't cause the cancer, although the changes in hormones from the pregnancy can make the disease grow faster. Your breasts thicken while you're expecting, and that can make it hard to spot small masses or lumps. Because of this, breast cancer tumors are often larger and more advanced by the time they're noticed. It's often okay to breastfeed when you have this disease, but talk with your doctor or a lactation counselor to see what's best for you and your baby.


Question: Is a mammogram safe during pregnancy?

Answer: A mammogram is considered fairly safe during pregnancy, but it may not be as helpful because of the increased density of the breasts. Surgery, in general, is safe during any trimester of pregnancy.


Question: What happens during breast cancer surgery if you are pregnant?

Answer: Surgery, in general, is safe during any trimester of pregnancy. If the cancer is still in its early stages, your doctor will most likely recommend removing either the suspicious lump (lumpectomy) or the entire breast (mastectomy). Radiation therapy usually doesn't start until after pregnancy because it can harm the baby.


Question: Can you have surgery for breast cancer if you are pregnant?

Answer: A mammogram is considered fairly safe during pregnancy, but it may not be as helpful because of the increased density of the breasts. If you're in the first or second trimester, a mastectomy is the preferred surgery. Lumpectomy is usually an option for women diagnosed in the third trimester. Radiation therapy usually doesn't start until after pregnancy because it can harm the baby.


Question: How do you do Kegel exercises?

Answer: Basically, your pelvic organs start to droop. Other things that put you at risk for POP include: Pregnancy Giving birth through the vagina Surgery in the pelvic area ( C-section or hysterectomy) Genetics Frequent coughing, laughing, or sneezing (it pushes on the pelvic organs) Sit on the toilet and try to pee. Once urine starts to flow, squeeze your muscles to hold it in. You should feel the muscles inside your vagina âlift.â You just did one Kegel. Relax the muscle and do it again. But don't get into the habit of doing them while you pee. You can actually cause other problems, like urinary tract infections. Try squeezing your pelvic floor muscles for 3 seconds, then release for 3 seconds. Do this 10 times in a row. That's one set. If you can't do 10, do as many as you can and build up over time. Try to work up to one set of 10 Kegels two to three times a day. Kegels aren't harmful. In fact, you can make them a part of your daily routine. Do them while you're brushing your teeth, driving to work, eating dinner, or watching TV.


Question: What are the benefits of Kegel exercises?

Answer: Kegels don't just help keep them âfitâ -- they can help you avoid embarrassing accidents, like bladder leakage and passing gas and -- or even stool -- by accident. They can even improve your orgasms. Try squeezing your pelvic floor muscles for 3 seconds, then release for 3 seconds.


Question: When do you see results from Kegel exercises?

Answer: If you can't do 10, do as many as you can and build up over time. If you're still concerned about your prolapse or don't feel your symptoms are getting better, talk to your doctor about other treatments.


Question: How does biofeedback therapy help headaches?

Answer: This measures muscle activity and tension. There is good evidence that biofeedback therapy can relax muscles and ease stress to reduce both the frequency and severity of headaches. Biofeedback seems to be especially beneficial for headaches when it's combined with medications.


Question: Where does whey protein come from?

Answer: Whey is a product of cheese making -- it's the watery part of milk that separates from the curds. In the process of turning milk into cheese, whey protein is removed.


Question: What are side effects of taking whey protein?

Answer: It is always a good idea to discuss any supplement with your doctor, especially if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. People with milk allergy or sensitivity should not use whey protein. It could cause an allergic reaction. If you have kidney disease, check with a doctor before using any type of protein powder. It could interact with antibiotics and certain medicines such as Fosamax for osteoporosis or levodopa for Parkinson's disease.


Question: What is whey?

Answer: In the process of turning milk into cheese, whey protein is removed. People with milk allergy or sensitivity should not use whey protein.


Question: How does whey protein interact with other medicines or supplements?

Answer: Talk to your child's health care provider before giving your baby whey protein. It could interact with antibiotics and certain medicines such as Fosamax for osteoporosis or levodopa for Parkinson's disease.


Question: How much whey protein should you take?

Answer: Talk to your child's health care provider before giving your baby whey protein. Optimal doses of whey protein have not been established for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose.


Question: What affects your risk for lung cancer?

Answer: There are also other reasons. People who live with someone who smokes are 20% to 30% more likely to get lung cancer than those who live in a smoke-free home. Lung tissue that was scarred by a disease or infection, such as scleroderma or tuberculosis, becomes at risk for tumors in that tissue. Doctors call this a scar carcinoma.


Question: What are advanced symptoms of ALS?

Answer: Over time, it affects almost all of the muscles you control. ALS doesn't affect all muscles and organs in the body. The heart and bladder, for instance, usually stay healthy. Among the more advanced signs of the disease are: Weaker muscles Less muscle mass More serious chewing and swallowing problems Difficulty being understood when speaking Trouble breathing During the early stages of the disease, some forms of treatment might help give you a better quality of life. Some early ALS symptoms are the same as those of other less-serious conditions.


Question: When should you see a doctor about ALS symptoms?

Answer: A muscle cramp in your leg or a weak feeling in your hand once in a while isn't usually enough to send you to the doctor. If those feelings last for days or weeks, however, you should make an appointment. Pay attention to changes in how the muscles in your arms and legs feel. Listen to friends or family if they point out a change in your speech or how you walk. Some early ALS symptoms are the same as those of other less-serious conditions. To know for sure, don't hesitate to describe your symptoms to a doctor.


Question: What are common side effects of weight loss surgery?

Answer: Some common side effects include: Constipation is common after weight loss surgery. Avoid granular fiber ( Metamucil or psyllium), which can cause obstructions. Dumping syndrome happens after eating high-sugar meals after weight loss surgery. The sugary food rushes through the stomach and can cause nausea, vomiting, and weakness. Gallstones are common when you lose a lot of weight quickly. Up to 50% of patients will develop gallstones after gastric bypass surgery, and these are usually harmless. About 15% to 25% of people need surgery to remove their gallbladder after gastric bypass surgery. Wound infections can happen up to 3 weeks after surgery. Symptoms include redness and warmth, pain, or thick drainage (pus) from the surgical wound. Wound infections require antibiotics and sometimes further surgery.


Question: How will your body absorb nutrients differently after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Your doctor can let you know how to handle it. It becomes harder to absorb certain nutrients, including: Iron Vitamin B12 Folate Calcium Vitamin D You don't have to fall short on those nutrients. Ask your doctor if you need to take supplements.


Question: How do I care for small cuts?

Answer: Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water. Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. Apply antibacterial ointment. Cover the cut with a cloth bandage or gauze pad. Change the bandage at least once a day.


Question: How should I treat blisters due to diabetes?

Answer: The skin that covers it protects it from infection. Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water. Apply antibacterial ointment to the blister. Cover it with a cloth bandage or gauze pad. Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. If the blister is on your foot and came from your shoes, wear a different pair until it heals. Change the bandage at least once a day. Don't try to break or pop any blisters.


Question: How does diabetes affect the skin?

Answer: That means you could get injured more easily, be more likely to get an infection, and take longer to heal. Avoid scratching dry skin.


Question: How can you treat small cuts if you have diabetes?

Answer: Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water. Apply antibacterial ointment. Cover the cut with a cloth bandage or gauze pad. Change the bandage at least once a day.


Question: How can you treat minor skin problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. Gently wash the area with a mild soap and warm water and pat dry. Cover the irritated skin with a cloth bandage or gauze pad. Keep checking the area to make sure the irritation doesn't get worse. Change the bandage at least once a day.


Question: How should I handle minor skin problems like rashes that occur with diabetes?

Answer: Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. Cover the irritated skin with a cloth bandage or gauze pad. Keep checking the area to make sure the irritation doesn't get worse. Change the bandage at least once a day. Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water and pat dry.


Question: What is angioedema?

Answer: Angioedema is characterized by deep swelling around the eyes and lips and sometimes of the genitals, hands, and feet. It generally lasts longer than hives, but the swelling usually goes away in less than 24 hours. Rarely, angioedema of the throat, tongue, or lungs can block the airways, causing difficulty breathing. This may become life threatening. The best treatment for hives and angiodema is to identify and remove the trigger, but this is not an easy task.


Question: How are hives and angioedema diagnosed?

Answer: Since there are no specific tests for hives -- or the associated swelling of angioedema -- testing will depend on your medical history and a thorough exam by your primary care doctor or dermatologist. Routine blood tests are done to determine if a system-wide illness is present. Antihistamines are usually prescribed by your doctor to provide relief from symptoms.


Question: What causes hives and angioedema?

Answer: Allergic hives and angioedema form when, in response to histamine, blood plasma leaks out of small blood vessels in the skin. Histamine is a chemical released from specialized cells along the skin's blood vessels. Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); Allergic reactions, chemicals in certain foods, insect stings, sunlight exposure, or medications can all cause histamine release. It's often impossible to find out exactly why hives have formed.


Question: What does it mean if your human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in remission?

Answer: Scientists haven't exactly agreed on a definition of âremissionâ as it applies to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS. But it generally means that HIV viral load has remained undetectable after HIV treatment has been stopped. It falls short of a âcure.â For a cure, no HIV can be found in the genetic information in the patient's cells. People who are successfully treatmed have very low levels of virus in their blood.


Question: What are risks of stem cell transplants for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's the longest one recorded so far. Stem cell transplants aren't likely to become a common treatment for HIV, because they can have dangerous side effects.


Question: What does research say about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remission?

Answer: But this may be changing. In rare cases, people have been able to control the virus and live well long after they quit HIV medications. Doctors and researchers hope to make it a reality for more than just a handful of people. When you stop taking the drugs, this so-called "latent HIV reservoir" wakes up and gives new life to the infection. Some researchers believe that if treatment starts early enough, it will prevent a reservoir of HIV and further treatment may not be needed. There are reports of long remissions in children who've done this. It didn't for almost a dozen years.


Question: What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remission?

Answer: The cause of your disease isn't necessarily gone, but your immune system is able to control it. Scientists haven't exactly agreed on a definition of âremissionâ as it applies to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS. But it generally means that HIV viral load has remained undetectable after HIV treatment has been stopped. It falls short of a âcure.â For a cure, no HIV can be found in the genetic information in the patient's cells. It's the longest one recorded so far.


Question: How does antiretroviral therapy (ART) work in treating HIV?

Answer: If you start ART at the right time and follow your doctor's orders, you can expect to live for many years. But you'll probably need to be on the drugs for the rest of your life. Some people can't pay for the medications, and others don't want to stay on them because of side effects, such nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. But if you quit treatment, the virus usually comes back within weeks. That's because pools of HIV are "asleep" in your body. When you stop taking the drugs, this so-called "latent HIV reservoir" wakes up and gives new life to the infection. There are reports of long remissions in children who've done this.


Question: If I have ulcerative colitis, how can I handle lactose?

Answer: Then look for patterns. You may want to cut these out for a while and see if your symptoms ease up: High-fiber foods like bran, nuts, seeds, and popcorn Fatty, greasy items and sauces Dairy products Alcohol Just because a food is on your problem list doesn't mean you have to give it up. Using an enzyme product such as Lactaid may help as well. Also try other calcium sources, like fortified soy milk, almond milk, or other products that have calcium added to them. Canned salmon and leafy greens also have a lot of calcium. Check with your doctor to make sure you get enough of this important mineral in your diet.


Question: Which foods should I avoid if I have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Then look for patterns. Avoid things that seem to cause cramps or a trip to the bathroom. See if your symptoms get better or go away. Talk to your doctor about what you notice. Your goal should be to eat as many types of healthy foods as you can, so your diet is as balanced as possible. Lactose is the main, natural sugar in milk and other dairy products. Depending on the kind of surgery you have, you might be able to eat anything after you've recovered, even things that caused problems when your UC was active.


Question: How can I bond with my baby?

Answer: Once you get home, spend as much time as possible with your baby by wearing her in a sling or carrier, rocking her on your lap, or singing her a song. Research has found that massage can not only improve the relationship between parent and baby, but it also can relieve stress in premature infants and ease postpartum depression in the mother. Try making skin-to-skin contact with your newborn. This practice, called "kangaroo care," is often used in premature babies, but studies are finding that it's also calming to babies born full-term.


Question: What should I bring with me if I'm travelling with diabetes?

Answer: Get twice as many supplies as you usually need to travel, and bring extra prescriptions and a letter from your doctor explaining that you have diabetes. Bring your doctor's name and phone number and keep it with you at all times. Bring a list of the medicines you take and keep it with you at all times. Always carry and wear medical identification that tells others that you have diabetes.


Question: How should I inform security when travelling with diabetes?

Answer: Bring a list of the medicines you take and keep it with you at all times. To make your trip through airport security hassle-free, try to: Make sure you tell security that you have diabetes and that you're carrying medical supplies. If you're wearing an insulin pump, you must notify security. You must request that they not remove the meter.


Question: How can I prepare for travel if I have diabetes?

Answer: Make an appointment with your doctor to go over your travel plans. Get twice as many supplies as you usually need to travel, and bring extra prescriptions and a letter from your doctor explaining that you have diabetes. If you need vaccines, plan to get them 3 to 4 weeks before your trip. If you have an emergency and you don't know where to go, try to reach the American consulate, the Red Cross, or a local medical school.


Question: What are the effects of pregnancy on bipolar disorder?

Answer: And the factors that lead to relapse during pregnancy are not clear. Bipolar disorder, however, can worsen during pregnancy. Pregnant women or new mothers with bipolar disorder have seven times the risk of hospital admissions compared to pregnant women who do not have bipolar disorder. There is less information about the effects of antidepressants on bipolar disorder and pregnancy.


Question: Is it okay to take mood stabilizers while pregnant?

Answer: Because of the rare risk for a particular kind of heart defect, lithium is sometimes not recommended during the first three months of pregnancy unless its benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Lithium may, though, be a safer choice than some anticonvulsants. And when lithium is continued after childbirth, it can reduce the rate of relapse from 50% to 10%. To reduce its risks to you and your child: Drink plenty of water and maintain normal salt intake to prevent lithium toxicity. This may also be a good idea if you've stopped taking a mood stabilizer but symptoms came back.


Question: What is the goal in a pain clinic?

Answer: If pain is regular part of your life, a pain clinic may be able to help you. Treatment at a pain clinic can give you the skills to manage your chronic pain on your own and make you more able to function, possibly so that you may return to work.


Question: How much exercise should I do to lose weight?

Answer: Any exercise is better than none, and that helps your body slowly get used to being active. Your goal is to work up to at least a half an hour most days of the week to get the full benefits from exercise. If it's more convenient, you can do short spurts -- 10 minutes here, 15 minutes there. Each action by itself may not seem like much, but they add up. Start with something like walking or swimming that's easy on your body.


Question: How can you lose weight?

Answer: It's a fact: You have to burn more calories than you eat and drink to lose weight. For weight loss, it really matters that you cut back on the calories that you eat and drink. Research shows that regular physical activity will increase your chances of maintaining weight loss.


Question: How do you drain a blister?

Answer: Try not to pop or drain it. If the blister is in a pressure area such as the bottom of the foot, put a donut-shaped moleskin on it. Wash the area with warm water and gentle soap. Gently squeeze out the fluid. Wash the blister again and pat dry. Don't remove the skin over the blister. Smooth down the skin flap. Apply antibiotic ointment. Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze.


Question: What kinds of tests do doctors use to rule out conditions when testing for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone.


Question: What diet and lifestyle changes can help treat irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Here are some tips to help reduce symptoms: Avoid caffeine (in coffee, teas, and sodas). Add more fiber to your diet with foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Drink at least three to four glasses of water per day. Don't smoke. Learn to relax, either by getting more exercise or by reducing stress in your life. Limit how much milk or cheese you eat. Eat smaller meals more often instead of big meals. Keep a record of the foods you eat so you can figure out which foods bring on bouts of IBS.


Question: What medications treat irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: You and your doctor will need to work together to find the right treatment plan to manage your symptoms. The following types of drugs are used to treat IBS: Bulking agents, such as psyllium, wheat bran, and corn fiber, help slow the movement of food through the digestive system and may also help relieve symptoms. Abdonimal Pain and Bloating Antispasmodics can control colon muscle spasms, but experts are unsure that these drugs help. They also have side effects, such as making you drowsy and constipated, that make them a bad choice for some people. Antidepressants may also help relieve symptoms in some people. It helps to relieve constipation by helping bowel movements happen more often. It's not for anyone 17 years old or younger. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Alosetron ( Lotronex) can help relieve stomach pain and slow your bowels to relieve diarrhea, but there can be serious side effects, so it's only to be used by women with severe IBS- D whose symptoms aren't helped by other treatments.


Question: How many Americans are affected by irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: People are most likely to get the condition in their late teens to early 40s. There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D).


Question: How is targeted therapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy is often the main treatment for this stage. About 20% of women with breast cancer have too much of a protein known as HER2, and it makes the cancer spread quickly. Women with HER2-positive cancer that has spread often take trastuzumab ( Herceptin). It stops the protein from making the cancer cells grow. Other targeted therapies for HER2-positive positive cancer that may be prescribed include ado-trastuzumab emtansine ( Kadcyla), lapatinib ( Tykerb), neratinib ( Nerlynx), or pertuzumab ( Perjeta), Palbociclib ( Ibrance), ribociclib ( Kisqali), and abemaciclib ( Verzenio) are targeted therapies that block certain proteins called CDKs and slow cancer growth. They are given in certain women who have hormone receptor positive and HER2-negative cancers. A new Class of drugs called PARP inhibitors has been found to help women who are HER2-negative but who have BRCA mutated breast cancer. PARP inhibitors include olaparib ( Lynparza) and talazoparib ( Talzenna) and target a protein that helps cancer cells grow. For postmenopausal women who have HER2-negative breast cancer and have tried other treatments for hormone-receptor positive cancer, the doctor may prescribe alpelisib ( Piqray) along with fulvestrant or everolimus ( Afinitor) along with exemestane. Immunotherapy drugs stimulate your immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. In women with advanced hormone receptor negative and HER2-negative breast cancer the immunotherapy drug atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) is sometimes given in combination with the chemotherapy paclitzxel ( Abraxane). Atezolizumab blocks a protein called PD- L1.


Question: How can clinical trials help with stage IV breast cancer?

Answer: These medicines are sometimes given to women with metastatic breast cancer. A clinical trial may give you access to cutting-edge treatments. Talk to your doctor to find out more about them.


Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?

Answer: How is this treatment going to impact their quality of life? It can slow down the growth of the cancer. It's often used in combination with hormone therapy. You can get chemo several different ways. You may take pills or liquids, but often the drugs are put right into your veins. Depending on the type of treatment, it may be given in cycles that allow your body breaks in between.


Question: How is hormone therapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?

Answer: It can slow down the growth of the cancer. In these women, medications can prevent the tumor from getting the hormone. These drugs include tamoxifen for all women and aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole ( Arimidex), exemestane ( Aromasin), and letrozole ( Femara) for postmenopausal women. Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) and toremifene ( Fareston) are drugs that block hormone receptors. These medicines are sometimes given to women with metastatic breast cancer. Women who haven't reached menopause may consider having their ovaries removed to stop them from making hormones that help cancer grow. They are given in certain women who have hormone receptor positive and HER2-negative cancers.


Question: Can complementary treatments be used for children with cancer?

Answer: If your child has cancer, you're always looking for ways to ease treatment side effects. For every study that says they help, there's one that says they don't. Meditation and deep breathing are common ways to lower stress in adults and kids with cancer. Acupuncture can help with fatigue, pain and nausea. But there are other techniques that can help with symptoms and may be a lot more fun for your child. A 2016 review of five studies looked at the results of an exercise program for kids with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common type of childhood cancer. However, yoga may ease side effects after cancer treatment. One study found that a 6-week program helped with fatigue, anxiety, balance, and sleep for kids between 10 and 17.


Question: Is art therapy helpful for children with cancer?

Answer: But there are other techniques that can help with symptoms and may be a lot more fun for your child. It could: Lower anxiety and fear Ease pain Improve communication with her health care team Rebuild self-esteem that she may have lost due to treatment The idea is to take your child's mind off the pain, procedures, or other unpleasant things that go with cancer.


Question: What happens when you have eye allergies?

Answer: The usual suspects -- pollen, dust mites, pet dander, feathers, and other indoor or outdoor allergens -- can set off eye allergy symptoms. It releases histamine, a chemical that causes swelling and inflammation. The blood vessels in your eyes swell and your eyes get red, teary, and itchy.


Question: What do you need to know about eye allergies?

Answer: But your nose isn't the only part of your body that gets hit during an allergy attack. You can also have red, swollen, and itchy eyes. The usual suspects -- pollen, dust mites, pet dander, feathers, and other indoor or outdoor allergens -- can set off eye allergy symptoms. To treat them, find out what triggers them and stay ahead of the symptoms. Eye drops and other medications can bring relief. When you have allergies, your body reacts to things that aren't really harmful, like pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander.


Question: How do you use steroid nasal sprays and what are the side effects?

Answer: Use: Gently shake the container. Blow the nose to clear the nostrils. Close (pinch) one nostril, and insert nasal applicator into the other nostril. Press the applicator to release the spray. Side effects: These sprays may cause nasal irritation, nosebleed or sore throat.


Question: What can a chest X-ray show?

Answer: Your doctor uses a chest X-ray to: Look at your chest bones, heart, and lungs See if your pacemaker, defibrillator, or other heart devices are in place To check on any catheters and chest tubes you may have You don't need to do anything to get ready for it. It can show your doctor if you have: Fluid in or around your lungs Enlarged heart Blood vessel problems, such as an aortic aneurysm.


Question: What drugs can treat erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: A number of pharmaceutical companies are researching new treatments for ED, and many new options may be just around the corner. It is currently available in Europe.


Question: What's the treatment for yeast infections in men?

Answer: You're more likely to get a yeast infection when you: Have been taking antibiotics for a long time Have diabetes Are overweight Have a weak immune system (like people who have HIV) Have trouble cleaning yourself You can also get a yeast infection on your penis through sex. This goes on the head of your penis and under your foreskin until your symptoms go away, which could take 7 to 10 days. You'll also need to avoid sex until you're better. If itching is a problem, your doctor can also give you a corticosteroid (steroid) cream to offer some relief. If an antifungal or corticosteroid cream doesn't clear up your infection, let your doctor know. He may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor).


Question: What is hemophilia B?

Answer: The bleeding can happen both on the surface or inside his body. It can be serious. With the right treatment, though, and by avoiding certain risks, your child can have an active life. People with hemophilia don't have enough of a protein that helps blood clot. There are two main types of the condition: A and B. Your child's type depends on which protein, or clotting factor, he lacks. There are 13 of these clotting factors in our blood. With hemophilia B, you don't have enough factor IX. More than half the people with it have a severe case; they have almost no factor IX in their blood. Does he have any other medical concerns? If your child has severe hemophilia, he may need regular treatments to prevent bleeding.


Question: When is hemophilia B often diagnosed?

Answer: The two main symptoms are bleeding for longer than normal, and bruising easily. If it happens, get emergency medical help for any of these signs of bleeding in the brain: Headache Neck pain and stiffness Vomiting Sleepiness Sudden weakness or problems walking In the first 6 months of life, babies don't fall or get hurt often, so an early diagnosis is rare. You may start noticing issues once your baby becomes more active. As he begins to crawl, he may get bumps and raised bruises. There may be bleeding in the joints. Bruising and long-lasting bleeding from even small injuries may cause a doctor to suspect hemophilia.


Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. When are times to call my doctor?

Answer: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are drugs and other treatments to ease these symptoms and keep you feeling as good as possible. Don't wait until a regularly scheduled follow-up appointment if you're having any of these issues -- call your doctor right away: Abdominal pain, weight loss, or blood in your stool Fatigue that gets in the way of your daily life Problems with your bowel movements, bladder, or sexual function Mental changes, like difficulty concentrating, anxiety, depression, or memory loss Trouble sleeping Changes in your family medical history, like relatives who've recently been diagnosed with cancer


Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up care?

Answer: That means regular check-ups with your oncologist and primary care doctor to help you maintain the progress you've made. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point.


Question: What are the risks of blood doping?

Answer: It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. This thickening forces the heart to work harder than normal to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, blood doping raises the risk of: blood clot heart attack stroke An estimated 20 European cyclists are believed to have died as a result of blood doping over the past 25 years.


Question: What is blood doping?

Answer: In many cases, blood doping increases the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance.


Question: What should someone do if their prostate cancer comes back?

Answer: Together, you and your doctor will decide on the best treatment. If the cancer is contained in your prostate, surgery or a second attempt at radiation is suggested. If you've had a radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy is a good option. If you had radiation, radical prostatectomy might be the best approach. Cryosurgery might also be an option. If the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, hormone therapy might be the most effective treatment. External or IV radiation therapy or bisphosphonate drugs can relieve your bone pain.


Question: What is the staging of prostate cancer based on?

Answer: Stage is based on: The size of your tumor How far it has spread The chances of it coming back Matching the right treatment with your stage isn't always cut and dry. Your doctor can then change your treatment.


Question: When should I drink water if I am exercising for my diabetes?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should check it before exercise. Ease into it.


Question: What is the goal of radical prostatectomy?

Answer: Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate. However, prostate cancer cure is only possible from prostatectomy if prostate cancer is limited to the prostate.


Question: What should someone expect after radical prostatectomy?

Answer: The median hospital stay was two days for minimally invasive surgery and three days for open surgery. A urinary catheter is inserted during the surgery, and some men may need to wear the catheter home for a few days to a few weeks. Another catheter inserted through the skin also may need to stay in place for a few days after returning home. Pain after radical prostatectomy can generally be controlled with prescription pain medicines. It can take weeks or months for urinary and sexual function to return to their maximum levels. After radical prostatectomy, regular follow-up is essential to make sure prostate cancer does not return.


Question: What are the different types of radical prostatectomy?

Answer: Surgeons choose from two different approaches to reach and remove the prostate during a radical prostatectomy. One is a traditional approach known as open prostatectomy. The other, more recent approach is minimally invasive. There are two minimally invasive procedures used in radical prostatectomy: laparoscopic prostatectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. During radical prostatectomy, the removed prostate is examined under a microscope to see if prostate cancer has reached the edge of the prostate.


Question: What is radical prostatectomy?

Answer: Surgeons choose from two different approaches to reach and remove the prostate during a radical prostatectomy. However, prostate cancer cure is only possible from prostatectomy if prostate cancer is limited to the prostate.


Question: What is a benefit of undergoing radical prostatectomy?

Answer: Skilled surgeons can usually protect most of these nerves during radical prostatectomy. The younger the man, the higher the chance of maintaining potency after prostatectomy.


Question: What are the benefits to losing more weight if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals. These changes can motivate you to continue shedding pounds if you need to. Keep adding more minutes of exercise, and more vegetables, too. It's all part of putting yourself in charge of your diabetes.


Question: How can I manage my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes. You can start small.


Question: What activities can I do if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely. But everything counts, even fidgeting. Just standing or pacing while talking on the phone can help lower blood pressure and total cholesterol.


Question: How much weight should I lose if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Here are five manageable goals to shoot for: You might see your ideal weight as 30, 40, or more pounds lighter than you are right now. So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off.


Question: How do you treat an adjustment disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the most common treatment for adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome. Therapy helps the person understand how the stressor has affected his or her life. Support groups can also be helpful by allowing the person to discuss his or her concerns and feelings with people who are coping with the same stress. In some cases, short-term medication may be used to help control anxiety symptoms or sleeping problems. Most people with adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome recover completely.


Question: What are symptoms of an adjustment disorder?

Answer: In an adjustment disorder, the reaction to the stressor is greater than what is typical or expected for the situation or event. In addition, the symptoms may cause problems with a person's ability to function; for example, the person may be have trouble with sleep, work, or studying. An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome can have a wide variety of symptoms that are changes from someone's usual self, which may include: Feeling of hopelessness Sadness Frequent crying Anxiety (nervousness) Worry Headaches or stomachaches Palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of irregular or forceful beating of the heart) Withdrawal or isolation from people and social activities A new pattern of absence from work or school New and uncharacteristic dangerous or destructive behavior, such as fighting, reckless driving, and vandalism Changes in appetite, either loss of appetite, or overeating Problems sleeping Feeling tired or without energy Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs Symptoms in children and teens tend to be more behavioral in nature, such as skipping school, fighting, or acting out.


Question: How does glucagon work?

Answer: Glucose goes from your liver into your blood to give you energy. Glucagon can tell your liver not to take in too much glucose from the food you eat and to release stored sugar into your blood instead. If your blood sugar dips too low, your pancreas releases glucagon to tell your liver to make more glucose. Glucagon can also play a role in how amino acids (compounds that help make up muscles and tissue in your body) make glucose. And it can break down triglycerides, or fat your body stores, into fuel. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals.


Question: How do you treat severe hypoglycemia?

Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels.


Question: What helps hypoglycemia?

Answer: This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. Glucagon can help with hypoglycemia so you feel right again. Hypoglycemia refers to a blood sugar level that's gotten too low.


Question: How does having diabetes affect glucagon?

Answer: This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin.


Question: How can you treat severe low blood sugar?

Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit. This contains the hormone in a powder and a syringe filled with fluid. It will have clear instructions on how to quickly mix and inject the glucagon shot.


Question: How can I stop biting my nails?

Answer: It's a way to cope with these feelings. Coat them with a bad taste. There are special nail polishes with a bitter flavor you can paint on your nails. If gloves won't work for your daily schedule, you can look for stickers made to cover nails -- they can have the same effect. Find your triggers. Notice how you feel or what you're doing when you bite your nails. Find something to fiddle with -- a stress ball, a worry stone, or even a pen to click. Chew gum so your mouth has a job.


Question: Why should I stop biting my nails?

Answer: Nail biting won't typically cause permanent damage. But it definitely has its downsides: It can make your nails grow in weird. It can make you sick. Hands are a hotbed for germs, and nails are their perfect hideout. Notice how you feel or what you're doing when you bite your nails.


Question: What are the types of strokes?

Answer: There are two types of stroke: Ischemic strokeis similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.


Question: What is a stroke?

Answer: These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.


Question: How is Williams syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. Your doctor will do an exam and ask about your family medical history. Then the doctor will look for facial features like an upturned nose, wide forehead, and small teeth. An electrocardiogram ( EKG) or ultrasound can check for heart problems. A bladder and kidney ultrasound can check for urinary tract conditions. Your child might get a blood test called FISH, or fluorescence in situ hybridization, to see if any genes are missing. Most people with Williams syndrome will not have the ELN gene. Because these issues can develop over time, doctors will want to see your child regularly.


Question: What is Williams syndrome?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Their nose, mouth, and other facial features may be unique. They sometimes have trouble learning. Children with Williams syndrome will need to see many doctors throughout their lives. But with the right treatment, they can stay healthy and do well in school. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems.


Question: What are possible symptoms of Williams syndrome?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Curved spine, called scoliosis Ear infections Early puberty Farsightedness Hernia High levels of calcium in the blood Hoarse voice Joint and bone problems Kidney problems Urinary tract infections Williams syndrome is usually diagnosed before a child is 4 years old.


Question: What causes Williams syndrome?

Answer: Babies with Williams syndrome are born without certain genes. In a small number of cases, babies inherit the genetic deletion from a parent with the condition, but it is usually a random disorder in the genes. It can also affect a child's ability to learn.


Question: What are treatments for Williams syndrome?

Answer: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems. Every child with Williams syndrome is different. Some can lead a very normal life. Others have more serious health and learning problems. They may need lifelong medical care.


Question: How can Williams syndrome affect the heart and blood vessels?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. The aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, may be narrowed. The pulmonary arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs also may be narrowed. High blood pressure is common. Narrowed arteries don't let as much oxygen-rich blood reach the heart and body. High blood pressure and decreased blood flow can damage the heart.


Question: How are nerve blocks used?

Answer: Therapeutic nerve blocks are used to treat painful conditions. Diagnostic nerve blocks are used to determine sources of pain. Prognostic nerve blocks predict the outcomes of given treatments. Preemptive nerve blocks are meant to prevent subsequent pain from a procedure that can cause problems including phantom limb pain. Nerve blocks can be used, in some cases, to avoid surgery.


Question: How are pancreatic pseudocysts treated?

Answer: The most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst is inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. Here's what you need to know about pseudocysts and their treatment. Although the symptoms of pseudocysts may be different for different people, some of the most common are abdominal pain and bloating. If a pseudocyst is small and not causing serious symptoms, a doctor may want to monitor it with periodic CT scans. If the pseudocyst persists, gets larger, or causes pain, it will require surgical treatment. If not monitored or treated, a pseudocyst can become infected or rupture, causing severe pain, blood loss and abdominal infection.


Question: How is a pancreatic pseudocyst drained without surgery?

Answer: The most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst is inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. Often pseudocysts get better and go away on their own. This can be done by a radiologist or gastroenterologist, a doctor specializing in the digestive system. A radiologist will drain it by inserting a needle guided by computed tomography. A gastroenterologist may drain the pseudocyst through the stomach by creating a small opening between the pseudocyst and the stomach, or by placing a stent into the pancreas during endoscopy. If the stent is placed directly into the pseudocyst then the fluid from the pseudocyst is drained into the intestine through this tube.


Question: How is Provenge used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: One reason is that cancer cells look a lot to the immune system like normal cells. Another reason is that tumors may give off signals that manipulate the immune system into leaving them alone. Provenge bypasses these problems. The treatment first removes a quantity of dendritic cells from a patient's blood. Dendritic cells show pieces of tumor to immune cells, priming them to attack cells that carry those pieces. The patient's doctor ships the cells to Provenge's manufacturer, Dendreon, which then exposes them to Provenge. Provenge is a molecule made inside genetically engineered insect cells. Once these cells have been exposed to Provenge, they're shipped back to the doctor who infuses them back into the patient. This is done three times in one month. The first infusion primes the immune system. The second and third doses spur an anticancer immune response. Cyrosurgery (also called cryotherapy) may be used in cases of recurrent prostate cancer if the cancer has not spread beyond the prostate.


Question: How are antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: These drugs work by decreasing testosterone production to very low levels by depleting the pituitary gland of the hormone needed to produce testosterone. Antiandrogens are sometimes used in addition to orchiectomy or LHRH analogs. This is due to the fact that the other forms of hormone therapy remove about 90% of testosterone circulating in the body. Antiandrogens may help block the remaining 10% of circulating testosterone. Using antiandrogens with another form of hormone therapy is called combined androgen blockade ( CAB), or total androgen ablation. Antiandrogens may also be used to combat the symptoms of flare (temporary rise in testosterone that occurs with the use of LHRH agonists). Some doctors prescribe antiandrogens alone rather than with orchiectomy or LHRH analogs. Available antiandrogens include abiraterone acetate ( Zytiga), biclutamide ( Casodex), enzalutamide ( Xtandi),flutamide ( Eulexin), and nilutamide ( Nilandron). Patients take antiandrogens as pills. Diarrhea is the primary side effect when antiandrogens are used as part of combination therapy. Less likely side effects include nausea, liver problems, and fatigue. When antiandrogens are used alone they may cause a reduction in sex drive and impotence.


Question: How is combination radiation and endocrine therapy used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: For patients with intermediate or high risk prostate cancer, studies show this combination is more effective at slowing the disease than endocrine therapy or radiation therapy alone. Radiation can also come in the form of a monthly intravenous drug called Xofigo. Xofigo is approved for use in men who have advanced prostate cancer that has spread only to the bones. Candidates should have also received therapy designed to lower testosterone. The drug works by binding to minerals within bones to deliver radiation directly to bone tumors. A study of 809 men showed that those taking Xofigo lived an average of 3 months longer than those taking a placebo. Two other similar drugs arestrontium-89 ( Metastron) and samarium-153 ( Quadramet). However, patients who receive combination therapy are more likely to experience treatment-related side effects than patients receiving a single form of hormone therapy.


Question: How are luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: LHRH antagonists lower testosterone levels more quickly than LHRH analogs. In addition, they don't cause a tumor flare (temporary rise in testosterone levels) as do LHRH analogs. Degarelix ( Firmagon) is a LHRH antagonist used to treat advanced prostate cancer. It has been shown to decrease the progression of disease, but further trials are needed to look at long-term outcomes. It is fairly well tolerated with common side effects being local injection site problems and increased liver enzymes. Xofigo is approved for use in men who have advanced prostate cancer that has spread only to the bones.


Question: How are luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Most patients who receive hormonal therapy choose LHRH analogs. These drugs work by decreasing testosterone production to very low levels by depleting the pituitary gland of the hormone needed to produce testosterone. However, before this decrease in testosterone occurs, patients experience a brief and temporary increase in testosterone production and tumor growth. This is due to a transient increase in release of LHRH from the pituitary gland with a resulting stimulation of testosterone production. This phenomenon, called tumor flare, can cause increased symptoms from the prostate cancer that didn't exist before the patient received the therapy. Some doctors prescribe antiandrogens (described below) to combat the symptoms caused by tumor flare. LHRH analogs are administered via injection or small implants placed under the skin. The most commonly used LHRH analogs in the U. S. are leuprolide ( Eligard, Lupron), histrelin ( Vantas), triptorelin ( Trelstar), and goserelin ( Zoladex). Before starting one of these drugs, patients should tell their doctor if they have a history of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or cigarette smoking.


Question: What do studies say about relationships and diabetes?

Answer: Managing your type 2 diabetes is a big part of your life. If you have a partner or a spouse, diabetes becomes a part of their life, too. Studies show that a supportive partner can help you better manage your disease. Both of you should learn about the danger of high and low blood sugar levels, insulin and other medications, the benefits of exercise, and the best diet to keep your blood sugar under control. Consider taking your partner along on your doctors' appointments or to diabetes classes.


Question: What changes to my bedtime routine can help prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: They can bring on GERD symptoms, so limit them or cut back completely if you can. Try not to snack or dine at least 2 to 3 hours before you go to sleep. Prop up the head of your bed 6 to 10 inches. You can keep heartburn and other GERD symptoms away if you put your head and chest above your stomach. It helps gravity keep what's in your stomach away from your esophagus. Don't prop your back up with pillows, though, since that may bend your body in a way that puts pressure on your stomach. Instead, use a foam wedge under your mattress, or put blocks of wood under the top legs of the bed.


Question: Do bifocals work to treat presbyopia?

Answer: If you have glasses already, this might be the option for you. They're eyeglasses with two different prescriptions in one lens. The top part corrects for distance vision. The lower section helps you see objects up close. It can work for people with presbyopia who haven't had cataract surgery.


Question: Does stinging nettle help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer: Stinging nettle root is a common treatment in Europe for symptoms of BPH. More research is needed to show that the treatment is indeed effective.


Question: How does heart disease affect diabetics?

Answer: Heart disease is common in people with diabetes. While all people with diabetes have an increased chance of developing heart disease, the condition is more common in those with type 2 diabetes. The more health risks factors a person has for heart disease, the higher the chances that they will develop heart disease and even die from it.


Question: Do I have heart disease If I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: In fact, heart disease is the number one cause of death among people with type 2 diabetes. The most common cause of heart disease in a person with diabetes is hardening of thecoronary arteries or atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrition to the heart.


Question: How can you help prevent your child's bedwetting?

Answer: Reduce evening fluid intake. Do not give your child anything to drink in the two hours before bedtime, especially drinks such as tea or sodas that contain caffeine. Have your child go to the bathroom before getting into bed. Instead of focusing on making it through the night dry, help your child understand that it is more important to wake up every night to use the toilet. Make sure the child has easy access to the toilet. The child gets a sticker on the chart for every night of remaining dry. Consider using absorbent pants at night. Some believe that you should avoid using absorbent pants at home because they can interfere with the motivation to wake up and use the toilet. Others argue that absorbent pants help the child feel more independent and confident. Talk to your child's doctor to determine what is best for your child.


Question: How should I give myself insulin?

Answer: To inject insulin, you can use a syringe, pen, or pump. If you use an insulin pump, ask your doctor when you'll need to give yourself an extra amount of insulin (bolus). If you have type 1 diabetes, you may need up to three or four injections daily. People with type 2 diabetes may need just one shot of insulin a day, possibly increasing to three or four injections. There is also a rapid-acting inhaled insulin that you can use before meals only. If you have type 1 diabetes, you must also use long-acting insulin. Talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of each method. How are you responding to your insulin dose? Have you had any trouble using your insulin syringe, pen, or pump?


Question: What is my target blood sugar level?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level. Find out your target blood sugar range before and after meals, as well as at bedtime. For most people with diabetes, the targets are: 70 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after a meal Ask what to do if your blood sugar doesn't stay within range, and how often you need to have your A1 C level tested.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my blood sugar level?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level. Find out your target blood sugar range before and after meals, as well as at bedtime. For most people with diabetes, the targets are: 70 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after a meal Ask what to do if your blood sugar doesn't stay within range, and how often you need to have your A1 C level tested.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about other medications and insulin?

Answer: Does insulin affect other medicines I take? Are you having any problems with high or low blood sugar?


Question: Why are follow-ups and skin checks necessary after treating Bowen's disease?

Answer: You can't always tell by looking at your skin if you have Bowen's disease. You should have regular follow-ups and skin checks with your doctor.


Question: How is Bowen's disease diagnosis confirmed?

Answer: Many other skin conditions can look the same. It can be mistaken for harmless disorders -- like rashes or eczema -- as well as life-threatening ones, including melanoma. Your doctor usually has to take a sample of your skin for testing (biopsy) to confirm it. If you have Bowen's disease, you're at a higher risk for other types of skin cancers, especially if you have a weak immune system from disease or medical treatments.


Question: Can minerals help control blood sugar?

Answer: Ongoing studies point to two minerals that may be linked to blood sugar control. That's the first step in deciding whether or not to mix diabetes and dietary supplements.


Question: What are the risks of taking vitamin D?

Answer: At normal doses, vitamin D seems to have few side effects. Too much vitamin D can cause loss of appetite, the need to pee a lot, nausea, and weight loss. High doses of vitamin D can also make you disoriented and lead to bone pain and kidney stones.


Question: How can you get vitamin D?

Answer: Just 10 to 15 minutes of sunlight without sunscreen a couple of times a week usually gives you enough vitamin D. But it's also important to protect your skin, since too much time under the sun's rays can cause skin cancer. A few foods have it naturally, including: · Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel. They're the best source of vitamin D. · Beef liver, cheese, and egg yolks · Mushrooms have a small amount In the U. S., other foods are fortified with vitamin D, such as: · Milk · Breakfast cereal · Some orange juice, yogurt, and soy drinks It's best to get vitamin D from sunlight and food, but you can also get it in a supplement. So the nutrient is important for people with osteoporosis.


Question: What sexually transmitted infections can lead to dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. These include: Genital herpes Chlamydia Gonorrhea Besides painful urination, these sexually transmitted infections can also cause symptoms such as: Itching Burning Blisters or sores for genital herpes Abnormal discharge Inflammation and irritation.


Question: What causes dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dysuria is a symptom of pain, discomfort, or burning when urinating. Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. Infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract, including: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder Urethra (tube from the bladder that carries urine out of the body) Urinary tract infections are most often caused by bacteria that get into the urinary tract through the urethra.


Question: What should you expect after a lymph node biopsy?

Answer: But it can take a while to recover, and it can have complications like lymphedema (swelling of the arm) or nerve damage. Complete healing takes about 6 weeks. A physical therapist can teach you simple exercises to relieve muscle soreness and tightness. Your surgeon may suggest more intense exercises after the stitches are out.


Question: How is an axillary node dissection done to remove and test lymph nodes?

Answer: This is called lymph node biopsy and dissection. One to three sentinel nodes are usually removed and tested for cancer. If you have an axillary node dissection, a drain will be placed under your arm to remove fluids that may build up and cause swelling. It's common to have some swelling.


Question: What is androgenic alopecia?

Answer: Women with this condition, called female pattern baldness, don't experience noticeable thinning until their 40s or later. Women experience a general thinning over the entire scalp, with the most extensive hair loss at the crown. However, several factors may influence hair loss: Hormones, such as abnormal levels of androgens (male hormones normally produced by both men and women) Genes, from both male and female parents, may influence a person's predisposition to male or female pattern baldness.


Question: When are gloves for rheumatoid arthritis used?

Answer: With the pain comes stiffness and swelling, which can make day-to-day life a challenge. Occupational therapists sometimes recommend arthritis gloves to help with symptoms. You just slip them on to help ease pain and swelling. They could make it easier to deal with your daily activities. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves.


Question: Can I use my hands if I am using gloves to help rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The gloves aren't going to do much to help you regain the use of your hands, but they might improve your grip. The gloves, and how effective they are, really depends on you and how you react to them. They might help with one symptom but not another. Or they could have no effect at all.


Question: What is the treatment plan for ADHD in children?

Answer: If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone. If you choose treatment with ADHD medication you will need a prescription and follow-up from a medical doctor (such as your pediatrician, a pediatric psychiatrist, or a neurologist). Some children diagnosed with ADHD may also be experiencing depression or anxiety. In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What should you look for in a professional to evaluate your child for ADHD?

Answer: If your pediatrician isn't familiar with diagnosing ADHD, he or she can probably refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist who has that experience. This person's first task will be to put together information -- from you, your child's school and your child's medical records. This information will help rule out other causes of your child's behavior.


Question: What does ADHD treatment comprise?

Answer: If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone. If you choose treatment with ADHD medication you will need a prescription and follow-up from a medical doctor (such as your pediatrician, a pediatric psychiatrist, or a neurologist). In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What causes shoulder ligament injuries?

Answer: This happens a lot to young people and athletes who put strain on their shoulders, like pitchers in baseball. You can also sprain or tear your shoulder ligament when you use your arm to brace yourself when you fall. When you sprain your ankle, you're tearing one of these ligaments.


Question: What are ankle ligaments?

Answer: There are several ligaments around your ankle. The three main ones on the outside part of your ankle are the anterior talofibular ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament, and the calcaneofibular ligament. It's also the bone you feel on the outside of your ankle. The calcaneofibular ligament connects the fibula to your heel bone. The anterior talofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments connect the talus (the bone between your heel and shinbone) to the fibula on the outside of the ankle.


Question: What causes ankle ligament injuries?

Answer: There are several ligaments around your ankle. When you sprain your ankle, you're tearing one of these ligaments. The most common sprain happens when your foot rolls under your ankle or leg. This usually happens playing sports, especially jumping sports like basketball.


Question: What are common knee ligament injuries?

Answer: The most common knee ligament injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament. If your feet plant in one direction and your knee is twists in another, it can strain or tear your ACL. Football, skiing, and basketball are all sports with a higher risk of ACL injuries. A PCL injury usually happens from a sudden direct impact, like a football tackle or a car accident. MCL tears or strains usually happen because something hits the outside of your knee. There are several ligaments around your ankle.


Question: Will my sight ever come back if I have glaucoma?

Answer: It can affect your eye pressure reading. That is why it's so important to get regular exams with an eye doctor, particularly if there is a family history of glaucoma.


Question: What complications can roseola cause?

Answer: For high fever, he might recommend acetaminophen or ibuprofen. If this happens to your child, she might pass out for a short time. Her arms and legs may jerk for many seconds or minutes. She could also lose control of her bladder and bowels. If your child has a seizure, call 911. Luckily, most seizures in young children don't last long and aren't harmful.


Question: How can you get Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

Answer: Although it is not known exactly how H. pylori enters the body, researchers believe that the spiral-shaped bacteria probably get into your body through your mouth. Then, they burrow into the mucus that lines your stomach. You could pick up an H. pylori infection in several ways. The bug can be found in contaminated food or water. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer.


Question: How can Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cause ulcers and stomach cancer?

Answer: Most people with H. pylori infection don't know it and have no symptoms. H. pylori can inflame the lining of your stomach. That's why you may feel stomach pain or get nauseous. If it's not treated, it can sometimes cause ulcers, which are painful, open sores in your stomach lining that bleed. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer. But this bacterium is only one possible cause of stomach cancer.


Question: How can you get an H. pylori infection?

Answer: H. pylori is a very common infection: More than half of all people get it at some point, usually in childhood. Although it is not known exactly how H. pylori enters the body, researchers believe that the spiral-shaped bacteria probably get into your body through your mouth. Then, they burrow into the mucus that lines your stomach. You could pick up an H. pylori infection in several ways. The bug can be found in contaminated food or water. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer.


Question: What is an H. pylori infection?

Answer: H. pylori is a very common infection: More than half of all people get it at some point, usually in childhood. Doctors aren't sure why it affects some people differently than others. If it's not treated, it can sometimes cause ulcers, which are painful, open sores in your stomach lining that bleed. Smoking, a diet low in fruits and veggies, and a history of stomach surgeries can raise your risk.


Question: How can your doctor help with the side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: If you have Crohn's disease, your doctor may prescribe steroids at some point to help get flares under control. Bisphosphonate drugs, like alendronate ( Fosamax) or risedronate ( Actonel), may help prevent osteoporosis, too. Exercise can help you keep your bones and muscles strong. Eat a healthy diet and stay active to manage your weight. It's not a good idea to take short-term steroids often, because the side effects only get worse. Talk to your doctor about another medicine to control your flares.


Question: What do progressive lenses look like?

Answer: Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. Progressives have a seamless look. Sometimes they're called "no-line bifocals," but that's not quite right. It would be more accurate to call progressive lenses "no-line trifocals." Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you.


Question: What are common symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus.


Question: Are asthma and sinusitis linked?

Answer: According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, as many as half of all people with moderate to severe asthma also have chronic sinusitis. There are lots of treatments available for both sinus infections and asthma.


Question: Are there treatments for sinus infections and asthma?

Answer: For lots of people, sinus infections -- or sinusitis -- and asthma go together. And studies show that treating one condition often helps relieve the symptoms of the other. The key is to treat both conditions aggressively.


Question: How can I use bitter orange to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. One study found that when people applied a watered down form of bitter orange oil to their feet three times each day, the fungus cleared up after a week or two. Bitter orange can inflame your skin if you use it in its pure form. It can also make you more likely to get a sunburn, so be sure to protect your skin from the sun if you use it. Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot.


Question: Does vinegar treat athlete's foot?

Answer: And more studies are needed to prove that green tea can get rid of the fungus, not just make your feet feel and look better. While a vinegar soak won't do your feet any harm, there's not enough research to prove that it will do much good either.


Question: Can nervous system disorders lead to bladder spasms?

Answer: Here's what you need to know about bladder spasms, from the causes to what you can do to ease the pain. However, certain nervous system disorders cause damage to the nerves that send signals between the brain and the bladder. When this happens, the bladder does not work properly. " Neurogenic bladder" is the general term for bladder problems due to nerve damage.


Question: What causes bladder spasms?

Answer: The cramping pain could be due to something as simple as your diet or a medication that you are taking, or it could be associated with changes in blood supply and function of the nerves controlling the bladder. When this happens, the condition is called idiopathic bladder spasms.


Question: Can medications cause bladder spasms?

Answer: In some cases, your doctor may not be able to identify the cause. Medications that commonly cause bladder spasms include: Bethanechol (urecholine) A chemotherapy drug called valrubicin ( Valstar) Medicines called diuretics, such as furosemide ( Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide, which help the body remove excess water What you eat or drink can sometimes bother a fragile bladder and cause it to go into a spasm.


Question: What are symptoms of spinal stenosis?

Answer: More specific symptoms include: Sciatica. These shooting pains down your leg start as an ache in the lower back or buttocks. Foot drop. A hard time standing or walking. Loss of bladder or bowel control. Some things you can do to help ease symptoms of spinal stenosis include: Exercise.


Question: Is there a cure for spinal stenosis?

Answer: For most people, the stenosis results from changes because of arthritis. When you are heavier, there will be more pressure on your back.


Question: Is there medication for spinal stenosis?

Answer: These might include: Medication: Common pain remedies such as aspirin, acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen can offer short-term relief. Other medications, including muscle relaxants and anti-seizure medications, treat aspects of spinal stenosis, such as muscle spasms and damaged nerves. Corticosteroid injections: Your doctor will inject a steroid such as prednisone into your back or neck. Anesthetics: Used with precision, an injection of a ânerve blockâ can stop pain for a time.


Question: How is spinal stenosis diagnosed?

Answer: When you visit your doctor, she's likely to ask you questions about your medical history. After that, she might order at least one of the following tests to figure out whether you have the condition: X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). It can show tumors, growths, and even damage to discs and ligaments. Computerized tomography ( CT scan). With the help of a dye injected into your body, it can show damage to soft tissue as well as issues with your bones.


Question: Does exercising prevent sickness?

Answer: Get regular exercise. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they often have less severe symptoms and may recover more quickly. They may also recover more quickly than people who do not exercise regularly. Check with your doctor before beginning a new exercise program.


Question: Can flu shots cause the flu?

Answer: People with weak immune systems -- the elderly, pregnant women, infants, and people with chronic health problems -- are at highest risk of flu complications such as pneumonia. The flu shot is made from dead viruses and cannot "give" you the flu. The nasal flu vaccine, Flu Mist, is made with a weakened live flu virus. It also cannot give you the flu, but is more likely to cause symptoms such as achy muscles or a low fever. But people with asthma are more likely to have complications, such as pneumonia, when they do get the flu.


Question: Can children use over-the-counter cough and cold medicines?

Answer: Over-the-counter cold and flu drugs can offer some relief from fever, aches, stuffy nose, and cough. If your child is between 4 and 6, ask your doctor before giving any medicine. It's safe to use these drugs to help relieve symptoms in kids 6 and older. Never give medicines with aspirin to chilodrenunder the age of 19 due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.


Question: What can I do to prevent the flu?

Answer: Yet you may not have symptoms, so you don't know you're sick. If they cough or sneeze into their hands (without a tissue), their hands then carry droplets to surfaces they touch. To help protect yourself and prevent spread of cold and flu viruses: Wash hands frequently. Wash your hands afterward. When you cough, turn your head away from others. Don't touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. This prevents germs from entering your body. Wash and disinfect any shared surfaces (like phones and keyboards) frequently. Viruses can live on surfaces for up to 24 hours. Stay away from crowds during cold and flu season. Get a flu vaccine every year. Vaccines don't give you 100% protection from the flu, but they're the best way to help prevent it. Eat healthy foods to nourish your immune system, such as dark green, red, and yellow vegetables and fruits. Get regular exercise. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they often have less severe symptoms and may recover more quickly.


Question: What can help my child eat healthier?

Answer: It is important that you do not place your overweight child(ren) on a restrictive diet. Serve water with meals. Involve your children in food shopping and preparing meals. Plan for snacks. Eating in front of the TV may make it difficult to pay attention to feelings of fullness, and may lead to overeating. Encourage your children to drink more water.


Question: How can I prevent throwing my back out?

Answer: You can lower your chances of throwing your back out by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. You can also protect your back by not lifting heavy objects. If you can't avoid it, be sure lift the right way: Bend your knees and keep your back straight. It will keep you from pulling something or hurting your back. But if you use a heating pad, be careful.


Question: When should I call my doctor about tennis elbow?

Answer: The main symptom of tennis elbow is pain on the outside of your elbow, which might go into your forearm and wrist. A lot of times, that'll do the trick. But if you still have symptoms after a week or so, or if they get worse, it's time to call your doctor. Also, call your doctor if you have any of these signs and symptoms: It's hard to move your arm. There's a lump or bulge in it. Pain or difficulty moving your arm keeps you from your everyday activities. The area around your elbow is reddish or swollen.


Question: What is the main symptom of tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow is one of those tricky conditions that might go away with a little self-care. You may feel pain when doing nothing at all or with anything from holding a pen to opening a jar.


Question: What is a common sign of sleep apnea?

Answer: When you wake up that often during the night, you can't get a good night's sleep. Sleep apnea is very common in people with MS for another reason.


Question: What is sleep apnea?

Answer: This causes you to stop breathing over and over again. That wakes up your brain to restart your breathing. When you wake up that often during the night, you can't get a good night's sleep. You might also have a sleep study to find out for sure if you have sleep apnea and, if so, how severe it is.


Question: How can surgery treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Talk to your doctor to figure out which type is best for you. But if your doctor says your body mass index ( BMI) is higher than 35, you may want to consider this weight loss surgery. It's important to note that long-term effects from it on type 2 diabetes are unknown. Talk to your doctor if you're considering it. Researchers are still studying the effects, but some people who had the surgery lost a significant amount of weight and saw their blood sugar get back to normal.


Question: How do pills help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: There are several classes of non-insulin medicines to choose from that hit type 2 diabetes in different ways. Because these drugs can work together, your doctor may prescribe you more than one. You might also take one pill that mixes two types of medicine.


Question: What is the best insulin combination to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: That's known as combination therapy. There's also "rapid-acting" insulin that starts to work in about half the time, but doesn't work as long. Talk to your doctor to figure out which type is best for you. You and your doctor also need to choose which way to get insulin may work best for you. Your insurance coverage might play a role, too.


Question: How is a coronavirus infection treated?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. You treat a coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold: Get plenty of rest. Drink fluids. Take over-the-counter medicine for sore throat and fever (but don't give aspirin to children or teens younger than 19; use ibuprofen or acetaminophen instead). A humidifier or steamy shower can also help ease a sore and scratchy throat.


Question: What are common symptoms of coronavirus?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. The symptoms of most coronaviruses are similar to any other upper-respiratory infection, including runny nose, coughing, sore throat, and sometimes a fever. In most cases, you won't know whether you have a coronavirus or a different cold-causing virus, such as rhinovirus. But if a coronavirus infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract (your windpipe and your lungs), it can cause pneumonia, especially in older people, people with heart disease, or people with weakened immune systems.


Question: What is a coronavirus?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not dangerous. People also died from a severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) outbreak in 2003. They get their name from their crown-like shape. Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child.


Question: How can I prevent coronavirus infection?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent coronavirus infection, do the same things you do to avoid the common cold: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. Avoid close contact with people who are infected.


Question: How do you know if you have Lyme disease?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) and Lyme disease are very different conditions that need separate treatments. It's the most common tick-borne disease in the U. S. The disease was named for the place it was first reported in 1975 -- Old Lyme, CT. About 30,000 cases are reported each year, but the CDC believes the number is 10 times higher than that. If left untreated, Lyme disease can cause health issues, including: Numbness or pain Paralysis or weakness in the face muscles Heart problems Chest pain Shortness of breath Arthritis Since the symptoms of RA and Lyme disease are so similar, it's easy to see how they might be confused. You might get a blood test to look for antibodies linked to the disease. If so, antibiotics can get rid of the infection and its symptoms if the diagnosis is quick. If you don't get it, your symptoms may disappear for a while.