Question: How is Neurontin used in treating essential tremor?

Answer: Experts use Neurontin for short-term treatment of Essential Tremor affecting the hands, although it is not known how the drug works. In most cases, it is not used in conjunction with other drugs. Side effects of Neurontin are rare but include: Sedation Walking difficulties Irritability Weight gain Some people with Essential Tremor report symptom relief after drinking a glass of wine or a cocktail.


Question: What is Mysoline for essential tremor?

Answer: Primidone ( Mysoline) is an anti-seizure drug that is also effective for treating essential tremor. It is most useful for people with hand tremor.


Question: What can benzodiazepines do to help  essential tremor?

Answer: Benzodiazepines ( Ativan, Klonopin, Valium, and Xanax) may help people whose Essential Tremor is not improved by other drugs. These drugs appear to relieve tremors associated with emotional stress or anxiety. Side effects of benzodiazepines include confusion, memory loss, and sedation. For most people this is not a good long-term solution.


Question: Who are physical therapists and what kind of pain do they treat?

Answer: Physical Therapists What they treat: These professionals work with people recovering from injury or surgery. Physical therapists may use massage, stretching, heat, ice, and exercise to help ease your pain and increase your mobility. How to find one: Go to the website of the American Physical Therapy Association (apta.org).


Question: What is a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: If a doctor sees anything inside your colon or rectum that looks questionable, he'll take a biopsy to find out if it's cancerous. A biopsy is a routine type of test used to diagnose cancer and also to see whether an existing cancer has spread to the surrounding tissue.


Question: How soon can you get the biopsy results for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you have: Fever or chills Heavy bleeding (greater than a teaspoon at a time) Severe pain Vomiting It may take a few days to get the results of your biopsy. If you do have cancer, the doctor will determine how aggressive it is and whether it started in your colon or spread there from somewhere else. You may need additional testing before you and your doctor can determine the best treatment plan.


Question: When should you contact your doctor after a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you have: Fever or chills Heavy bleeding (greater than a teaspoon at a time) Severe pain Vomiting It may take a few days to get the results of your biopsy.


Question: How do you treat periodic limb movement disorder?

Answer: Treatment does not cure the disorder but usually relieves symptoms. Treatment involves medication that either reduces the movements or helps the person sleep through the movements.


Question: What is nocturnal myoclonus?

Answer: When PLMD was first described in the 1950s, it was called nocturnal myoclonus. Nocturnal means night, and myoclonus is a rapid, rhythmic contraction of a group of muscles similar to that seen in seizures. PLMD movements are not myoclonus, however, and the original name is not used today.


Question: What causes periodic limb movement disorder?

Answer: Periodic limb movement disorder can be primary or secondary. Secondary PLMD is caused by an underlying medical problem. Primary PLMD, on the other hand, has no known cause.


Question: What are common medical causes of periodic limb movement disorder?

Answer: Diabetes mellitus Iron deficiency Spinal cord tumor Spinal cord injury Sleep apnea syndrome - Breathing difficulties that disrupt sleep, causing daytime sleepiness and a number of other problems Narcolepsy - A sleep disorder involving excessive sleepiness and overpowering urge to sleep during waking hours Uremia - Build-up of waste products in the blood because of poor kidney function Anemia - Low level of hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in the blood Medication - Neuroleptics and other antidopaminergic agents such as Haldol, dopaminergic agents such as Sinemet (despite the fact that Sinemet is often a treatment for PLMD), or tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline ( Elavil) Withdrawal from sedative medications such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines (such as Valium) The most common symptoms noted by people with PLMD are not leg movements but poor sleep and daytime sleepiness.


Question: Can you cure periodic limb movement disorder?

Answer: Primary PLMD may be chronic (permanent). Many people with primary PLMD have improved nighttime sleep (remission) but experience one or more relapses over time.


Question: What is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?

Answer: It is the only movement disorder that occurs only during sleep, and it is sometimes called periodic leg (or limb) movements during sleep. " Periodic" refers to the fact that the movements are repetitive and rhythmic, occurring about every 20-40 seconds. PLMD is also considered a sleep disorder, because the movements often disrupt sleep and lead to daytime sleepiness. PLMD may occur with other sleep disorders. It is often linked with restless legs syndrome, but they are not the same thing.


Question: What is high myopia?

Answer: High myopia: It's a more serious form of the condition, where the eyeball grows more than it is supposed to and becomes very long front to back. Besides making it hard to see things at a distance, it can also raise your chance of having other conditions like a detached retina, cataracts, and glaucoma.


Question: What are symptoms of myopia?

Answer: Chances are the only symptom is that more distant objects are blurred. You may also notice: Headaches Squinting Eye strain Eye fatigue when you try to see objects more than a few feet away Children with myopia often have trouble reading the blackboard at school.


Question: How can photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) help with treating myopia?

Answer: The most common procedures for myopia are: Photorefractive keratectomy: Also called PRK, this surgery uses a laser to sculpt the middle layer of your cornea. That flattens the cornea's curve and lets light rays focus closer to or on your retina.


Question: What causes myopia?

Answer: The structure of your eye is to blame. When your eyeball is too long or the cornea -- the protective outer layer of your eye -- is too curved, the light that enters your eye won't focus correctly. Images focus in front of the retina, the light-sensitive part of your eye, instead of directly on the retina. This causes blurred vision. Doctors call this a refractive error.


Question: When does myopia typically start?

Answer: Myopia runs in families and will probably start in childhood. It stops changing after your teenage years, but not always. If you notice changes in your vision, get your eyes checked. See your eye doctor every year.


Question: What is degenerative myopia?

Answer: Degenerative myopia: Also called pathological or malignant myopia, it is a rare type you usually inherit from your parents. Your eyeball gets longer very quickly and causes severe myopia, usually by the teenage or early adult years. This type of myopia can get worse far into adulthood. Besides making it hard to see things at a distance, you may have a higher chance of having a detached retina, abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye (choroid neovascularization), and glaucoma.


Question: How can laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) help with treating myopia?

Answer: LASIK : This the most common surgery for myopia. The surgeon uses a laser or another tool to create a thin flap on the top layer of your cornea. He sculpts the cornea with another laser and moves the flap back into place.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by epididymitis?

Answer: Epididymitis: This is swelling in the tube where sperm is stored -- the epididymis. Most often, an infection causes the problem. Signs and symptoms can include: Pain on one side of the scrotum that comes on slowly. Pain while peeing Fever Milky discharge from your penis Orchitis: It's swelling in one or both testicles.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by kidney infection?

Answer: Kidney infection: This usually happens when an infection travels from your bladder and enters one or both of your kidneys. Symptoms may include groin pain, frequent urination, and blood or pus in your pee. The bacterium called E. coli is often to blame. Kidney infections are treated with antibiotics.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by prostatitis?

Answer: Prostatitis: This is swelling or infection in your prostate gland. In addition to pain, you may have a hard time peeing.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by kidney stones?

Answer: Kidney stones: These are small crystals that form in your kidney and can get stuck in tubes leading to your bladder. The pain can be severe. It's usually in your back or belly but can be felt in your scrotum or at the tip of your penis.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by testicular torsion?

Answer: Testicular torsion: This happens when a testicle gets twisted inside your scrotum. It may feel like you got kicked in the crotch. It's a medical emergency. The twisting (torsion) cuts off the blood supply to your testicle. If it's not surgically untwisted within a few hours, your testicle can die. It happens most often in teen boys.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by testicular cancer?

Answer: Testicular cancer: Most of the time, this cancer causes a painless lump in or on your testicle. But sometimes, it's painful.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by hip problems?

Answer: Hip problems: Sometimes, hip pain from arthritis or another problem can radiate to your groin. It usually builds slowly and may feel worse when you're driving or sitting in a low chair. Usually, physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications are tried first to treat the problem. You may need an operation if these don't work.


Question: When should you call the doctor about pain around your groin?

Answer: The groin pain is very bad or it doesn't get better in a few days There's swelling or a lump around or in your testicle Pain in your side moves into your groin and testicle There's blood in your urine Go to the emergency room if you have sudden or intense pain; the pain radiates to you back, abdomen, or chest; or you have pain along with fever, chills, and nausea.


Question: How can you tell if pain around your groin is caused by orchitis?

Answer: Pain while peeing Fever Milky discharge from your penis Orchitis: It's swelling in one or both testicles. The same infection that's behind epididymitis may cause this problem. The two conditions can happen at the same time. Sometimes, the mumps virus triggers orchitis. It can cause fertility problems. If bacteria is the cause of either condition, an antibiotic can clear it up.


Question: How can the doctor accurately diagnose prostate cancer?

Answer: Your doctor is likely to discuss your medical history with you. Answering questions about any history of genital or urinary disease in your family can help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may also ask about any changes in your pattern of urinating.


Question: Why are these prostate cancer tests not completely accurate?

Answer: Neither of these initial tests for prostate cancer is perfect. Many men with a mildly elevated PSA do not have prostate cancer, and men with prostate cancer may have normal levels of PSA. Also, the digital rectal exam does not detect all prostate cancers, as it can only assess the back portion of the prostate gland.


Question: What are the symptoms of ???????tertiary syphilis?

Answer: This is the final, most severe stage of syphilis. It can appear 10 to 30 years after the initial infection. You might experience permanent organ damage and death. Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation of blood vessels You can pass this STD on to your unborn child or to your baby during childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms of syphilis in babies?

Answer: Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation of blood vessels You can pass this STD on to your unborn child or to your baby during childbirth. Doctors call this congenital syphilis. If not treated there is a high risk of stillbirth and infant death. Most babies born with syphilis have no symptoms. Some may have a rash on the palms of their hands or the soles of their feet. Eventually, babies can develop complications of many organs including: Enlarged liver Jaundice Discharge from nose Swollen glands Bone abnormalities Brain (neurological) problems See your child's pediatrician right away if she develops an unusual discharge, sore, or rash near her groin.


Question: What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

Answer: About 2 to 10 weeks after the first sore appears, you may develop the following: A skin rash that causes small, reddish-brown sores Sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus Fever Swollen glands Weight loss Hair loss Headache Extreme tiredness (fatigue) Muscle aches If you don't get treatment right away, your symptoms will go away only to come back. This could happen for up to a year. Even if your symptoms don't return, the infection is still alive in your body. Syphilis will get worse, and you can still infect your sexual partner.


Question: What are the symptoms of latent syphilis?

Answer: If you're not treated for secondary syphilis, the disease may progress to the latent (hidden) phase. Not everyone who has syphilis will go through this stage. If you do, you won't have any symptoms, maybe for years. In some cases, symptoms will never return. But the infection isn't gone; the bacteria remain dormant in the body. Some latent cases may progress to the tertiary stage of the disease.


Question: What tests do doctors use to diagnose a kidney infection?

Answer: After asking about your signs and symptoms, your doctor will likely start with a: Urine analysis to check for blood, pus, and bacteria in your pee Urine culture to see what kind of bacteria you have Your doctor may also use these tests: Ultrasound or CT: to check for a blockage in your urinary tract. These are usually done if treatment doesn't help within the first 3 days. Voiding cystourethrogram ( VCUG): a type of X-ray to look for problems in your urethra and bladder. These are often used in children who have VUR. Digital rectal exam (for men): ( Your doctor inserts a lubed finger into your anus to check for a swollen prostate.) Dimercaptosuccinic acid ( DMSA) scintigraphy: a type of imaging that uses a radioactive material to better see kidney infection and damage Usually, the first step is antibiotics, which you may need for a week or two.


Question: How can I prevent kidney infections?

Answer: But you may be less likely to get one if you: Avoid deodorant sprays or douches on your genitals Don't use condoms or diaphragms with spermicide. It can trigger bacteria growth. But do use lubricated condoms, since without lube it can irritate the urethra, which makes infection more likely. Drink lots of water. Go to the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge. Pee after having sex. Wipe front to back after going to the bathroom.


Question: How can I develop a kidney infection?

Answer: The urinary tract is made up of your: Kidneys (to clean waste from your blood and make pee) Ureters (thin tubes, one for each kidney, that carry pee to your bladder) Bladder : (stores pee) Urethra: (carries pee from the bladder to outside your body) If any of these parts get bacteria in them, you can get a urinary tract infection ( UTI). Most often, it's the bladder that gets infected. It can be painful, but not usually too serious. But if those bacteria travel up the ureters, you can have a much more serious problem: a kidney infection. Doctors sometimes call this âpyelonephritis.â You need to have a kidney infection treated right away. If you don't, it can lead to life-threatening problems.


Question: Who can get a kidney infection?

Answer: But just as women get more bladder infections than men, they also get more kidney infections. A woman's urethra is shorter than a man's, and it's closer to the vagina and anus, where bacteria live. That means it's easier for bacteria to get into a woman's urethra, and once they do, it's a shorter trip to the bladder. From there, they can spread to the kidneys. Pregnant women are even more likely to get bladder infections because the baby can put pressure on the woman's ureters and slow the flow of urine.


Question: What increases my chances of getting a kidney infection?

Answer: Any problem in your urinary tract that prevents pee from flowing forward can raise your chances of a kidney infection, such as: Blockage in the urinary tract, like a kidney stone or enlarged prostate Conditions that keep the bladder from completely emptying Structural problem in the urinary tract, like a pinched urethra Vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR), a condition where pee flows backward from the bladder toward the kidneys You are also more likely to get one if you have: Nerve damage in your bladder A prostate infection, known as prostatitis A urinary catheter, a tube that goes unto your urethra and drains pee A weaker immune system, as with type 2 diabetes You may have: Blood or pus in your pee Fever and chills No desire to eat Pain in your lower back, side, or groin Throwing up or upset stomach Weakness or feeling very tired (fatigue) You may also have some of the same signs and symptoms as with a bladder infection, such as: Burning or pain when you pee Constant urge to pee, even though you just went Cloudy or bad-smelling urine Pain in your lower belly Peeing much more often than normal Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and think it may be a kidney infection, especially if you have a UTI and you're not getting any better.


Question: What are the symptoms of a kidney infection?

Answer: Any problem in your urinary tract that prevents pee from flowing forward can raise your chances of a kidney infection, such as: Blockage in the urinary tract, like a kidney stone or enlarged prostate Conditions that keep the bladder from completely emptying Structural problem in the urinary tract, like a pinched urethra Vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR), a condition where pee flows backward from the bladder toward the kidneys You are also more likely to get one if you have: Nerve damage in your bladder A prostate infection, known as prostatitis A urinary catheter, a tube that goes unto your urethra and drains pee A weaker immune system, as with type 2 diabetes You may have: Blood or pus in your pee Fever and chills No desire to eat Pain in your lower back, side, or groin Throwing up or upset stomach Weakness or feeling very tired (fatigue) You may also have some of the same signs and symptoms as with a bladder infection, such as: Burning or pain when you pee Constant urge to pee, even though you just went Cloudy or bad-smelling urine Pain in your lower belly Peeing much more often than normal Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and think it may be a kidney infection, especially if you have a UTI and you're not getting any better.


Question: What causes a kidney infection?

Answer: Usually, bacteria called E. coli cause the infection to begin with. Other bacteria can also cause kidney infections. It's rare, but you can also have an infection that gets in through your skin, makes its way into your blood, then travels to your kidney. You can get an infection after kidney surgery, too, but that's very uncommon.


Question: When should you call a doctor if you think you have kidney infection?

Answer: Any problem in your urinary tract that prevents pee from flowing forward can raise your chances of a kidney infection, such as: Blockage in the urinary tract, like a kidney stone or enlarged prostate Conditions that keep the bladder from completely emptying Structural problem in the urinary tract, like a pinched urethra Vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR), a condition where pee flows backward from the bladder toward the kidneys You are also more likely to get one if you have: Nerve damage in your bladder A prostate infection, known as prostatitis A urinary catheter, a tube that goes unto your urethra and drains pee A weaker immune system, as with type 2 diabetes You may have: Blood or pus in your pee Fever and chills No desire to eat Pain in your lower back, side, or groin Throwing up or upset stomach Weakness or feeling very tired (fatigue) You may also have some of the same signs and symptoms as with a bladder infection, such as: Burning or pain when you pee Constant urge to pee, even though you just went Cloudy or bad-smelling urine Pain in your lower belly Peeing much more often than normal Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and think it may be a kidney infection, especially if you have a UTI and you're not getting any better. If you don't get treated, it could lead to kidney damage or blood infection, which is life-threatening. Also, if you're pregnant, a kidney infection can affect your baby.


Question: How is a kidney infection diagnosed?

Answer: After asking about your signs and symptoms, your doctor will likely start with a: Urine analysis to check for blood, pus, and bacteria in your pee Urine culture to see what kind of bacteria you have Your doctor may also use these tests: Ultrasound or CT: to check for a blockage in your urinary tract.


Question: What are kidney infections?

Answer: They're part of your urinary tract, which makes pee (urine) and removes it from your body. Like the exhaust system on your car, you want everything in good working order so waste moves in one direction only: out. The urinary tract is made up of your: Kidneys (to clean waste from your blood and make pee) Ureters (thin tubes, one for each kidney, that carry pee to your bladder) Bladder : (stores pee) Urethra: (carries pee from the bladder to outside your body) If any of these parts get bacteria in them, you can get a urinary tract infection ( UTI).


Question: What does radiation therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve?

Answer: Radiation therapy, the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells; this is not used often for ALL, but may be used to treat leukemia in the brain or bone, for example, or before a stem cell transplant.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Answer: A shortage of red blood cells may cause symptoms of anemia, including: Fatigue or weakness Dizziness Feeling cold Light-headedness Shortness of breath A shortage of normal white blood cells may result in: Fevers Recurring infections A shortage of blood platelets may cause symptoms such as: Lots of bruising for no obvious reason Frequent or severe nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or other unusual bleeding such as from minor cuts Depending upon where leukemia cells are present, other symptoms may include: A full or swollen belly from leukemia cells in the liver or spleen Enlarged lymph nodes such as in the neck or groin, under arms, or above the collarbone Bone or joint pain Headache, trouble with balance, vomiting, seizures, or blurred vision if the cancer has spread to the brain Trouble breathing if spread has occurred in the chest area ALL is really a group of related diseases, or subtypes.


Question: What is the outlook for people with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Answer: The outlook for acute lymphoblastic leukemia depends on factors such as: Your age: Younger patients tend to have a better outlook. Your lab test results: The prognosis is better if you have a lower white blood count when you're diagnosed. Your subtype of ALL ( B-cell ALL or T-cell ALL) Whether you have a chromosome abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome; having it suggests a poorer prognosis. Your response to chemotherapy: The prognosis is better if you have no evidence of leukemia four to five weeks after starting treatment.


Question: What does a bone marrow transplant involve for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Answer: A bone marrow transplant, which involves use of high doses of chemotherapy and possibly radiation followed by a transplant of bone-forming stem cells. Stem cells usually come from a donor, or less likely, from your own bone marrow or peripheral blood. If you cannot tolerate high doses of chemotherapy and radiation, lower doses may be used with a "mini-transplant."


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Answer: These include: Chemotherapy, the use of anticancer drugs in combination, generally over a couple of years. Agents used for ALL include: cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan)cytarabine ( Cytosar)daunorubicin ( Cerubidine) or doxorubicin ( Adriamycin)etoposide ( VP-16) L-asparaginace ( Elspar) or PEG- L-asapraginase ( Oncaspar)6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol)methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall)methoterate oral ( Xatmep)steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone)teniposide ( Vumonvincristine ( Oncovin) Targeted therapy, drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells and tend to have fewer or less severe side effects than chemotherapy; examples include blinatumomab ( Blincyto), dasatinib ( Sprycel), imatinib ( Gleevec), and nilotinib ( Tasigna), ponatinib ( Iclusig), which attack cells with the Philadelphia chromosome.


Question: What are the goals of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Answer: Treatment occurs in two parts -- induction therapy and post-induction therapy. The goal of induction therapy is to achieve remission by: Killing as many leukemia cells as possible Returning blood counts to normal Ridding the body of signs of disease for a long time About eight or nine out of 10 adults achieve remission after treatments, but many relapse, which lowers the overall cure rate to 30% to 40%.


Question: What does targeted therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve?

Answer: Agents used for ALL include: cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan)cytarabine ( Cytosar)daunorubicin ( Cerubidine) or doxorubicin ( Adriamycin)etoposide ( VP-16) L-asparaginace ( Elspar) or PEG- L-asapraginase ( Oncaspar)6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol)methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall)methoterate oral ( Xatmep)steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone)teniposide ( Vumonvincristine ( Oncovin) Targeted therapy, drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells and tend to have fewer or less severe side effects than chemotherapy; examples include blinatumomab ( Blincyto), dasatinib ( Sprycel), imatinib ( Gleevec), and nilotinib ( Tasigna), ponatinib ( Iclusig), which attack cells with the Philadelphia chromosome.


Question: What should you do to diet for losing weight?

Answer: For your diet: Eat more fruits and vegetables. Get good protein and plenty of fiber. Limit salt, sugar, and fat. Be careful with your portions. Talk to your doctor about how many calories you should consume to lose weight. For women it's generally up to 1,500 calories a day; for men it's up to 1,800. You'll need to cut your calories by 500 to 1,000 calories a day to lose that 1-2 pounds per week.


Question: What is body mass index (BMI) and how do you calculate it?

Answer: The first is called body mass index ( BMI). To figure out your BMI, just use this math formula: Multiply your weight in pounds by 703 and divide it by your height (in inches) squared. So, for example, if you weigh 185 pounds and are 5-foot-5 (65 inches), then your BMI works out this way: 185 x 703 = 130,055 65 x 65 = 4,225 130,005 Ã· 4,225 = 30.78 (round up to 30.8) Obesity in adults is defined as having a BMI of 30.0 or above. The other ranges are: Overweight = 25.0 to 29.9 Normal weight = 18.5 to 24.9 Underweight = under 18.5 BMI is a common tool to give you some idea of where you are.


Question: How much exercise should you get to maintain a healthy weight?

Answer: For movement: Aim for at least 2.5 hours of aerobic exercise (like brisk walking) every week. You'll likely need even more than that to lose weight. Do some muscle strengthening at least twice a week. Add ordinary movement to that, as well, to burn calories throughout the day. ( Park far from entrances. Take walks around the neighborhood. Get up from your desk and move regularly).


Question: What are the most important things I can do to lose weight in a healthy way?

Answer: So there are two things you must change to lose weight in a healthy and lasting way: Eat right. Americans love fast food, sodas and processed foods. They add up. Move more. Our lifestyles can be short on exercise, playing, or just moving enough to burn the fuel we take in.


Question: Should I warm my insides if my multiple sclerosis symptoms are worse because of the cold?

Answer: The easiest way to do this is to eat hot meals like soup. You can also sip hot drinks like tea or coffee. Pour them into an insulated mug to keep them warm longer and help limit your trips to the kitchen.


Question: How long do symptoms of multiple sclerosis stay worse in cold weather?

Answer: If your symptoms get worse in cold weather, it's usually for short time. A few simple tips can help you stay comfortable and warm in the fall and winter.


Question: Why do cold temperatures make multiple sclerosis symptoms worse?

Answer: But they think that the condition can alter the way you feel temperature changes.


Question: Should I dress in layers if my multiple sclerosis symptoms are worse because of the cold?

Answer: And if you get too hot, you can easily remove layers and stay comfortable. When it's very cold, it's a good idea to wear hats, thick socks, or lined boots. This will keep heat from escaping through your head or feet.


Question: Should I keep my hands and feet warm if my multiple sclerosis symptoms are worse because of the cold?

Answer: Doctors believe that MS can cause blood vessels in your hands and feet to overreact to cold temperatures. If you have MS, you may also be at risk for Raynaud's phenomenon, a condition in which your fingers and toes lose heat. They turn from white to blue to red as the blood begins flowing again. You may feel numbness, pain, or like someone is sticking you with pins and needles. To protect your hands and feet from the effects of the cold, try wearing hand warmers or using a heating pad. But don't place the heating pad directly on your skin. It could cause burns or blisters.


Question: When should I see a doctor for my scratched eye?

Answer: Get medical help if: The person has blurred vision or eye pain, tearing, redness, light sensitivity, irritation, or difficulty opening the eye, even if there does not appear to be something in the eye.


Question: How is a scratched eye treated?

Answer: If you see a health care provider: The health care provider will examine the eye for damage, remove any particles, and check the vision. Antibiotic ointment or pain relievers may be prescribed. Small, surface corneal abrasions heal in a couple of days. Pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) can be taken for pain. Avoid ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if the person has heart failure or kidney failure. For larger abrasions, care from an ophthalmologist (eye specialist) may be needed and a bandage contact lens may be placed to aid with comfort and healing.


Question: When should you seek emergency care if you have a scratched eye or a corneal abrasion?

Answer: Seek emergency care if: There is pain, change in vision, or increased sensitivity to light after a scratch or trauma to the eyeball.


Question: What is the follow-up care for a scratched eye or corneal abrasion?

Answer: Antibiotic ointment or pain relievers may be prescribed. Small, surface corneal abrasions heal in a couple of days. Pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) can be taken for pain. Avoid ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if the person has heart failure or kidney failure. For larger abrasions, care from an ophthalmologist (eye specialist) may be needed and a bandage contact lens may be placed to aid with comfort and healing.


Question: How should you clean and protect a scratched eye or corneal abrasion?

Answer: Inspect the eye for small particles that may be stuck under the eyelid and causing symptoms. Flush the eye with clean water or saline solution once or twice to remove any particles or to soothe the eye surface. Do not rinse the eye more than a few times. Doing so can make the situation worse. Avoid rubbing or pressing on the eye.


Question: How should I clean a scratched eye?

Answer: Inspect the eye for small particles that may be stuck under the eyelid and causing symptoms. Flush the eye with clean water or saline solution once or twice to remove any particles or to soothe the eye surface. Do not rinse the eye more than a few times. Doing so can make the situation worse. Avoid rubbing or pressing on the eye.


Question: What can I do about my gout?

Answer: If you think your condition is getting worse, talk to your doctor. He will give you medicine to keep your uric acid levels low and to try to prevent future attacks and complications.


Question: When should people with heart disease get vaccinated for the flu?

Answer: It's best to get vaccinated before October, but you can still do it until the end of flu season. The shot usually starts to protect you about 2 weeks after you get it.


Question: What are symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Answer: If symptoms are present, they may include one or more of the following: Bumps, sores, or warts near the mouth, anus, penis, or vagina Swelling or redness near the penis or vagina Skin rash Painful urination Weight loss, loose stools, or night sweats Aches, pains, fever, and chills Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) Discharge from the penis or vagina (vaginal discharge may have an odor.)


Question: How can you manage sinus pressure from nasal allergy symptoms?

Answer: Your sinuses are small spaces behind your forehead, cheeks, and eyes. If mucus builds up in these areas because of allergies, you may feel pressure or pain. You can try a few things to help clear up your stuffed-up sinuses. Put a moist, warm cloth on your face, or breathe in steam a few times each day. You can also try oral or nasal decongestants and over the counter pain medicines. Call your doctor if you feel sinus pain and pressure for more than a week.


Question: What are targeted treatments for low back pain?

Answer: Physical therapy or chiropractic can bring relief for many. These targeted treatments may include: Ice or heat Massage Ultrasound or electrical stimulation A specific program of stretching and strengthening exercises Spinal manipulation A doctor, physical therapist, or other health care professional can guide you in a safe back exercise program.


Question: What are treatments for low back pain?

Answer: What you need for treatment depends on the cause of your low back pain. Your doctor may recommend temporary use of medications to relieve pain. These might include over-the counter medicines such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Sometimes, stronger medications may be prescribed for pain treatment. If pain is severe or lasts, you may need oral or injected steroids.


Question: What are symptoms of low back pain?

Answer: Here's a quick overview of low back pain culprits: Overuse of muscles and ligaments, caused by a competitive tennis match or an ambitious day in the garden Disk injury, tears or other damage to the "shock absorbers" between the spinal bones (vertebrae) Disk degeneration, the wear and tear, shrinking, and collapse of disks that can be more common with age Degenerative spondylolisthesis, changes to spinal structures, which allows a vertebra to slip forward from the next vertebra Spinal stenosis, narrowing of the space around the spinal cord, which puts pressure on nerve roots Scoliosis, an abnormal curvature of the spine that may cause pain for some people Low back pain symptoms vary greatly from person to person. They are different depending upon the cause of the pain. Your pain may be dull or sharp. It may come and go. And depending upon its source, pain may get worse with standing, sitting, bending, or walking. Pain can even extend into your buttock or leg. Along with this shooting pain may come feelings of numbness, tingling, or weakness down your leg. Called sciatica, these symptoms may be a common result of a herniated disk in the lower back, where the disk bulges out toward the spinal canal.


Question: What is the Sugar Busters! Diet?

Answer: You can lose weight with a high-fiber diet made up of the right kinds of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains. But you have to give up refined sugar and flour and make other tweaks to the way you eat. The plan emphasizes foods with a low glycemic index ( GI), which help keep your blood sugar levels steady. Foods with a higher GI make your blood sugar rise more than those with a lower GI. The foods with the highest GI are carbohydrates, including white bread, white rice, white potatoes, white flour, and sugar. But don't jump to conclusions: Carbs aren't all bad. The book teaches you how to eat the ârightâ carbs, especially whole grains.


Question: How compatible is the Sugar Busters! diet with low-salt diet?

Answer: Low-salt diet: You can try Sugar Busters! if you're on a salt-restricted diet. Too much salt can be bad for your heart, and the authors warn that salt is often added to processed foods. They suggest that you don't need to add salt to your food when cooking. But you'll still need to check the sodium on food labels.


Question: How compatible is the Sugar Busters! diet with low-fat diet?

Answer: Low-fat diet: You can't follow a typical low-fat, high-carb diet if you're following Sugar Busters! because low-fat foods are often high in refined sugars. The diet requires you to get 30%-40% of calories from fat. But you should eat low-fat dairy products and lean cuts of meat.


Question: What can't you eat in a Sugar Busters! diet?

Answer: Forbidden foods: You'll have to give up white potatoes, white rice, white bread, white flour, corn, beets, soda, candy, baked goods, and refined sugar.


Question: What can you eat in a Sugar Busters! diet?

Answer: Fruits and vegetables: You can eat dozens of fruits and vegetables, but steer clear of a few (like parsnips, watermelon, and pineapple). Grains: Whole-grain bread and pasta, brown rice, and oatmeal are allowed. Protein: You can eat low-fat dairy like milk, cheese, and yogurt; eggs; nuts; fish and shellfish; and many lean meats, including beef and pork. Alcohol: You can have moderate amounts of alcohol, preferably heart-healthy red wine. Sweeteners: Table sugar is forbidden, but artificial sweeteners like Equal, Sweet' N Low, and Nutra Sweet are allowed.


Question: How can the Sugar Busters! diet affect certain conditions?

Answer: The diet promises to lower your cholesterol, help you achieve optimal wellness, increase your energy, and help treat diabetes and other diseases. Controlling blood sugars with low-glycemic foods and cutting out sugar and refined grains is a formula that should work for most people with diabetes or insulin resistance. With the restriction of most processed foods, anyone on a low-sodium diet will find this plan helpful. Check with your doctor before starting the diet.


Question: What can I do to curb changes in my breasts during my monthly cycle?

Answer: But it's common to have one or more of the following: Swelling Tenderness Aches Soreness Changes in texture There are a few steps you can take to curb changes in your breasts during your monthly cycle: Eat a diet lower in fat, avoiding high-fat foods. Skip caffeine, which means no coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate. Avoid salt 1 to 2 week before your period starts. Wear a bra that fits you properly and provides good breast support. Aim for a daily cardio workout.


Question: What are some common ways that periods affect a woman's breasts?

Answer: But it's common to have one or more of the following: Swelling Tenderness Aches Soreness Changes in texture There are a few steps you can take to curb changes in your breasts during your monthly cycle: Eat a diet lower in fat, avoiding high-fat foods.


Question: What can I do to help with sun sensitivity because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You may be more sensitive to sunlight in the months following treatment. Stay out of direct sunlight, especially when the sun's rays are the strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Use sunscreen (look for a âbroad-spectrumâ product with a SPF of 30 or higher) and lip balm with sunscreen. Wear long pants, long sleeve shirts, and wide-brimmed hat when outdoors.


Question: What can I do to help with taste changes because of chemotherapy?

Answer: Some types of chemotherapy can affect your sense of taste. Follow these tips to better enjoy eating: Red meat may taste different to you. If so, try poultry, mild-flavored fish, or dairy products instead. If your favorite foods taste different, avoid them so you don't develop a distaste for them. If foods taste metallic, try eating with plastic utensils. Use a sweet marinade to help bring flavor to your main dish.


Question: What complementary and alternative medicines can be used for the side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer: Some people have found it helps relieve nausea and vomiting. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation may also help stop these side effects.


Question: What are some ways to manage fatigue during chemotherapy?

Answer: You may find yourself feeling tired, but there are ways to help manage that. Rest or take short naps during the day. Exercise. A short walk may boost your energy. Ask family or friends for help when you need it. Focus your energy on important things. If you just can't shake the feeling of being tired, check with your doctor. In some patients, chemotherapy can lead to anemia and low red blood cell counts. Your doctor can test your blood and treat you if necessary.


Question: What can I do to help nausea and vomiting because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You can help ease nausea and vomiting by changing your eating patterns: Eat five or six small meals rather than three big ones. Take your time when you eat and drink. Drink an hour before or after meals rather than when you eat. Apple juice, tea, and flat ginger ale may help. Avoid strong-smelling foods. Strong smells can sometimes bring on nausea. Pass on sweets, and fried and fatty foods, which may make you queasy.


Question: What can I do to help with fatigue because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You may find yourself feeling tired, but there are ways to help manage that. Rest or take short naps during the day. Exercise. A short walk may boost your energy. Ask family or friends for help when you need it. Focus your energy on important things. If you just can't shake the feeling of being tired, check with your doctor. In some patients, chemotherapy can lead to anemia and low red blood cell counts. Your doctor can test your blood and treat you if necessary.


Question: How can someone ease nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy?

Answer: You can help ease nausea and vomiting by changing your eating patterns: Eat five or six small meals rather than three big ones. Take your time when you eat and drink. Drink an hour before or after meals rather than when you eat. Apple juice, tea, and flat ginger ale may help. Avoid strong-smelling foods. Strong smells can sometimes bring on nausea. Pass on sweets, and fried and fatty foods, which may make you queasy. Your doctor may prescribe anti-nausea drugs. These are usually given to prevent you from feeling nauseous. Talk to your doctor about the best anti-nausea drug for you. Sometimes you may need to try different drugs until you find one that helps you the most.


Question: What medications can be used to help the side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe anti-nausea drugs. These are usually given to prevent you from feeling nauseous. Talk to your doctor about the best anti-nausea drug for you. Sometimes you may need to try different drugs until you find one that helps you the most.


Question: What can affect your blood pressure?

Answer: Blood pressure may go up or down depending on your: Age Heart condition Emotions Activity Medications One high reading doesn't mean you have high blood pressure. You have to measure your blood pressure at different times while resting to find out your typical value.


Question: What is a normal blood pressure?

Answer: The 100-120 is the systolic pressure; the diastolic pressure is 80. Blood pressure readings are written like fractions. For example, 120/80.


Question: How do you measure your pulse?

Answer: To measure your pulse, all you need is a watch with a second hand. Place your index and middle finger of your hand on the inner wrist of the other arm, just below the base of the thumb. You should feel a tapping or pulsing against your fingers. Count the number of taps you feel in 10 seconds, then multiply that number by six to find out your heart rate for 1 minute (pulse in 10 seconds x 6 = number of beats per minute).


Question: How much can you whiten your teeth?

Answer: So if you change the color of the teeth around them, you might wind up with an uneven smile or need to replace old fillings and crowns.


Question: What should I do before I whiten my teeth at home?

Answer: Get a professional cleaning and mouth exam, even if you decide to whiten your teeth at home. You might only need a thorough cleaning to restore your smile's sparkle. Your dentist will also look for cavities and check the health of your gums during the exam. Treating any problems before you whiten is safer for your mouth. Ask your dentist about which over-the-counter system to use and how much lightening you can expect. Teeth do darken with age, and the amount of color change varies from person to person.


Question: What should you keep in mind when buying at-home whiteners for teeth?

Answer: At-home whiteners have peroxides, typically carbamide peroxide, in amounts ranging from 10% to 20%. Choose a product with a peroxide level somewhere in the middle of that range. If the product doesn't bother your mouth but doesn't provide the lightening effect you want, you can choose a higher level. If you have any questions, your dentist can help you find the whitener that best fits your needs.


Question: How can inflammatory bowel diseases trigger problems elsewhere in the body?

Answer: You know the main symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. But did you know that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis -- both of which are IBDs -- can trigger problems elsewhere in your body? They can show up before you even know you have an IBD, or not until years after your diagnosis. Many of these issues go away when you get your irritable bowel disease under control. That's because treating the inflammation that goes along with an IBD can help manage it in other parts of your body, too.


Question: How else can inflammatory bowel disease affect someone?

Answer: Other potential problems include: Anemia Gallstones and kidney stones Inflamed liver Inflamed or scarred bile ducts, especially if you have ulcerative colitis Delayed growth or puberty in children and teens Your doctor will help you spot these problems. He may refer you to a specialist, like a rheumatologist for your joints, a dermatologist for your skin, or an ophthalmologist for your eyes, depending on how bad your symptoms are.


Question: How are bones affected by inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: There are a couple of reasons people with IBD get osteoporosis. Medications, like steroids, not enough physical activity, and trouble absorbing vitamin D and minerals such as calcium and magnesium all play a role. You're also more likely to break a bone than the people without an irritable bowel disease. This risk goes up as you age. Usually, women are at greater risk for osteoporosis. But IBD-related osteoporosis affects men and women in equal numbers. Calcium and vitamin supplements can help keep your bones healthy, along with exercise, avoiding alcohol, and not smoking.


Question: How are joints affected by inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: Joint pain is the most common non-gut ailment for people with IBD. It can affect your large joints like your ankles, hips, or knees, or small ones like your fingers. Although you might notice symptoms as long as a decade before you're diagnosed, this type of arthritis usually doesn't damage your joints. It should go away once you get your disease under control. Talk to your doctor before you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) for joint pain. They can make your IBD worse.


Question: Which areas of the body can extra-intestinal symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease affect?

Answer: These âextra-intestinalâ symptoms, as doctors like to call them, can affect many areas of your body, including your joints, mouth, eyes, skin, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and pancreas. Even osteoporosis has been linked to IBDs. You can have one of these extra symptoms or several. They're more common if your parents or siblings have an irritable bowel disease and have extra-intestinal problems related to IBD.


Question: What should I do if I think my child has vision problems?

Answer: You child might be having trouble with her sight if she: Complains about headaches or blurry vision Closes one eye Rubs her eyes Complains about pain in one or both eyes Has an eye that turns in, out, up, down, or wanders Has eyes that cross or can't focus Holds books really close to see the words If you spot one of these symptoms, make an appointment with her pediatrician or an eye doctor. Getting a checkup right away can let the doctor find vision problems before they can affect her sight -- and school performance. It's very important to watch your child, since many kids don't know something is wrong!


Question: What does it mean when my child can't see things far away?

Answer: It might be: Nearsightedness, or myopia. What to do: Get her vision checked. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can improve distance vision.


Question: What causes an aneurysm?

Answer: Any condition that causes your artery walls to weaken can bring one on. The most common culprits are atherosclerosis and high blood pressure. Deep wounds and infections can also lead to an aneurysm. Or you may be born with weakness in one of your artery walls.


Question: What is the serious threat of an aneurysm?

Answer: The most serious threat of an aneurysm is that it will burst and cause a stroke or massive bleeding, which can be life-threatening. A large aneurysm can affect your circulation and lead to blood clots.


Question: How can the severity of fractures vary?

Answer: An oblique fracture is when the break is on an angle through the bone A pathologic fracture is caused by a disease that weakens the bone A stress fracture is a hairline crack The severity of a fracture depends upon the fracture subtype and location. Serious fractures can have dangerous complications if not treated promptly; possible complications include damage to blood vessels or nerves and infection of the bone (osteomyelitis) or surrounding tissue. Recuperation time varies depending on the age and health of the patient and the type of fracture. A minor fracture in a child may heal within a few weeks; a serious fracture in an older person may take months to heal.


Question: What is the proper way to insert eye drops?

Answer: It may help to ask someone to check that the drops get in your eye. Look up to the ceiling with both eyes. Tilt your head back and pull your lower lid down with one hand. Hold the bottle or tube in your other hand. If you need to, rest part of your hand on your forehead to keep it steady. Place one drop or a little ointment inside your lower lid. Don't let the tip of the bottle or tube touch your eye. Blink and dab away any extra fluid with a tissue. If you have both drops and ointment, use the drops first. If you don't, the ointment may keep the eye drops from being absorbed. If you have more than one type of drop, wait about 5 minutes after the first medicine before you use the second. Keep your eyes closed for a few minutes. That lets the medicine get inside your eye. Wash your hands as soon as you're done to remove any medication still there. If you have any questions, talk to your eye doctor.


Question: What blood thinners are used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Blood thinners include: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Betrixaban ( BEVYXXA) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Fondaparinux ( Arixtra) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin) In the hospital, your doctor may give you heparin at first, by a needle into your vein or as a shot.


Question: How effective Is clot-busting medicine for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend a clot-busting medicine called a thrombolytic agent if you: Have large clots causing pain, swelling, and problems with circulation Are at high risk for a pulmonary embolism Have DVT in your arm, rather than your leg This procedure quickly breaks up a clot and restores blood flow. It may also save the valves in that vein. But it's riskier than taking blood thinners. You have a greater chance of bleeding problems and stroke.


Question: When is surgery done for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: When taking blood thinners or clot-busting isn't possible or doesn't work well, your doctor may want to try a more involved procedure.


Question: How are blood thinners used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: These drugs, also called anticoagulants, are the most common treatment for DVT. They can keep a clot from growing or breaking off, and they prevent new clots from forming. But they can't thin your blood, despite their name, or dissolve an existing clot.


Question: How is dabigatran used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Dabigatran is a pill that stops a specific protein that helps your blood clot from working. That's why it's called a direct thrombin inhibitor.


Question: What causes bradycardia?

Answer: The abnormal rhythm can show up after a heart attack or as a side effect of heart surgery. Other things that can lead to it: Certain medications, such as those to treat high blood pressure and other arrhythmias, or abnormal heartbeats A congenital defect, or problem you're born with Thyroid disease, an imbalance of hormones in the body Obstructive sleep apnea , when your breathing pauses many times throughout the night Bradycardia can be a little hard for doctors to figure out, because it's not always present all the time.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose bradycardia?

Answer: Other things that can lead to it: Certain medications, such as those to treat high blood pressure and other arrhythmias, or abnormal heartbeats A congenital defect, or problem you're born with Thyroid disease, an imbalance of hormones in the body Obstructive sleep apnea , when your breathing pauses many times throughout the night Bradycardia can be a little hard for doctors to figure out, because it's not always present all the time. Your heart can go in and out of slow rhythms. Your doctor will be able to make the diagnosis if you're having a bout of bradycardia during a test called an electrocardiogram. Often called an EKG, it's a way to measure your heart's electrical system. If your heart rate appears normal, but you have had symptoms of bradycardia, your doctor may have you wear a 24-hour monitor. Your doctor will ask about your personal and family health histories, as well as any symptoms you've had.


Question: What are the symptoms of bradycardia?

Answer: The biggest concern is your heart isn't doing well enough at pumping blood to all the organs and tissues that need it. When this happens, the following may develop: Lightheadedness or dizziness Confusion or a hard time concentrating Fainting Shortness of breath (with or without chest pain) You may also find that you tire out easily with even just a little activity.


Question: What are the treatments for bradycardia?

Answer: If your doctor decides that you have bradycardia, the treatment plan will be based on the likely cause of the problem. For instance, if the cause is hypothyroidism, or low thyroid function, treating that may take care of the heart rate issue. If there is no clear physical cause, your doctor may change medications that might be slowing your heart. Beta blockers are sometimes prescribed to relax your heart muscle. But if they cause you to have a really slow heart rate, your doctor might lower the dosage or give you a different drug. If these approaches don't work and your condition is serious enough to put your brain and other organs at risk, you may need a pacemaker.


Question: When should you see a doctor for bradycardia?

Answer: If you or a loved one faints, has chest pains or trouble breathing, call 911. Tiredness, trouble concentrating, or breathing harder may just seem like part of growing older. But sometimes it's more than that. Be sure to tell your doctor about all your symptoms. If you wear out more easily now than you did a month or year ago, let her know.


Question: How can isometrics help you deal with arthritis?

Answer: Some people with arthritis avoid exercise because of joint pain. However, a group of exercises called "isometrics" will help strengthen muscles without bending painful joints. Isometrics involve no joint movement but rather strengthen muscle groups by using an alternating series of isolated muscle flexes and periods of relaxation.


Question: How can exercising help with treating arthritis?

Answer: Exercise, as part of a comprehensive arthritis treatment plan, can improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and overall physical conditioning, and help you maintain a healthy weight. Once you know what type of arthritis you have and understand your symptoms, you and your doctor or physical therapist can develop a balanced program of physical activity to reduce the damaging effects of arthritis and promote optimal health.


Question: What do I need to know about thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. Platelets help your blood clot, which stops bleeding. For most people, it's not a big problem. But if you have a severe form, you can bleed spontaneously in your eyes, gums, or bladder or bleed too much when you're injured. A healthy person usually has a platelet count of 150,000 to 400,000. You have thrombocytopenia if your number falls under 150,000.


Question: When do I need to call my doctor about a cut or scrape?

Answer: Check with your doctor or go to the emergency room if: The cut is deep, long, or the edges are jagged. You may need stitches and a tetanus shot. The cut or scrape is from a dirty or rusty object. You may need a tetanus shot. The injury is from an animal or human bite. You can't stop the bleeding with direct pressure. You can't get dirt out of the wound. The cut is on your face or near a joint, like on your fingers. The skin around the cut gets red and swollen or develops red streaks. Pus drains from the cut. You have a fever of more than 100.4 F (in either an adult or child).


Question: When should you call 911 about a medical emergency?

Answer: Emergencies Call 911 for any medical emergency, including when a person has: Chest pain A serious allergic reaction Bleeding that won't stop Trouble breathing What should I do when I call 911?


Question: What are the signs that my child is allergic to the insect?

Answer: It's normal for the skin around the insect sting to swell up and get red. But call 911 or go to the emergency room if you see any of these signs of an allergic reaction: Dizziness Hives -- red, itchy bumps on the skin Stomach cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea Swelling of the tongue Trouble breathing, wheezing Anyone who has allergies to bees, wasps, or other stinging insects should keep an epinephrine auto-injector at home, work, and school in case of a sting.


Question: Do I need to bandage a cut or scrape?

Answer: Do I need to bandage a cut or scrape? You don't need to bandage every cut and scrape. Some heal more quickly when left uncovered to stay dry. But if the cut is on a part of the body that might get dirty or rub against clothes, put on a bandage to protect it. Change the bandage every day or whenever it gets wet or dirty.


Question: How should I use gauze and tape?

Answer: Wash your hands with soap and water. You can also wear gloves. Gently wash the wound with a wet piece of gauze or washcloth. Place a piece of clean gauze over the wound. Apply tape around the edges of the gauze to hold it in place.


Question: What should I put on an emergency contact sheet?

Answer: Emergency Contact Sheet FOR AN EMERGENCY: DIAL 911 Poison Control Center: 800-222-1222 Police: Fire: Hospital name: Phone: Doctor's name: Phone: Dentist's name: Phone: Pharmacy name: Phone: Health insurance plan: Policy number: Phone: Emergency Contact 1 Name: Relationship: Phone: Emergency Contact 2 Name: Relationship: Phone: Family contact information Home phone: Address: Parent name: Cell number: Work number: Medical Conditions: Allergies/ Other info: Parent name: Cell number: Work number: Medical Conditions: Allergies/ Other info: Child's name: Child's date of birth: Medical Conditions: Allergies/ Other info: Child's name: Child's date of birth: Medical Conditions: Allergies/ Other info: Child's name: Child's date of birth: Medical Conditions: Allergies/ Other info:


Question: Where should I store my first aid kit?

Answer: Your kit should be easy to find. But it should be kept in a high, childproof cabinet, far away from kids' prying fingers. Keep one full-sized kit in a central spot at home, such as your kitchen or bathroom. Then put a smaller kit in your car or purse for when you're on the road.


Question: How can I prepare for an emergency?

Answer: Keep a fully stocked first-aid kit in your home and car. Have up-to-date copies of each person's medical history in your home and car. Post an emergency contact sheet next to each phone in the house. Show it to everyone who spends time in your home, including family members and babysitters. Make sure your children know what number to dial -- 911 -- and what they should tell the operator.


Question: How do I treat a nosebleed?

Answer: Most of the time you can stop the flow with a few simple steps: Lean the head slightly forward, so blood doesn't run down the throat. With a tissue or washcloth, gently press the nostrils together to stop the bleeding. Hold the nose for at least 5 minutes. Then check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If it hasn't stopped, gently squeeze for another 10 minutes. Call the doctor or go to an emergency room if: The bleeding hasn't stopped after 15 to 20 minutes or keeps starting again. The bleeding is fast and there's a lot of blood. The bleeding is from an injury to your nose or face. You feel faint or weak.


Question: How do topical antibiotic ointments for cuts or scrapes work?

Answer: Topical antibiotics are medicines you put on your skin to kill bacteria. Most cuts and scrapes will heal without ointment, but they can reduce scars and help the wound heal faster. If you do use an antibiotic ointment, apply it to your skin one to three times a day and then cover with a clean bandage.


Question: How do I treat bee, wasp, and other insect stings?

Answer: Here's what to do: If the insect has left behind a stinger, remove it from the skin so less of the venom gets into your body. You can scrape out the stinger with the edge of a credit card or the dull edge of a knife. Don't squeeze the stinger. You might release more of the venom into your skin. Once the stinger is out or if there is no stinger, wash the area around the sting with soap and water. Hold an ice pack or cool washcloth to the sting to stop it from swelling. Spread calamine lotion or baking soda mixed with water to relieve pain. To prevent itching, use a spray or cream containing hydrocortisone or antihistamine.


Question: How long should a cut or scrape be covered?

Answer: Once a solid scab has formed, you can take off the bandage.


Question: When should I see a doctor about a burn?

Answer: Serious burns need to be treated by a doctor or in a hospital. Call for medical help if: You have a third-degree burn. The burn is larger than 2 to 3 inches. The burn is on your face, hands, feet, or over a joint like your shoulder or knee. The burn goes all the way around a hand, arm, foot, or leg. The pain gets worse instead of better. The burn was caused by electricity or a chemical. You see fluid or pus oozing from the burn.


Question: What should I do when I call 911 about a medical emergency?

Answer: Tell the operator: The type of emergency The telephone number you're calling from The address where the emergency is happening Details about the person's condition -- what happened to them, the type of injuries they have, and what has been done so far to treat them The 911 operator might tell you step by step how to help the person who has been injured. DO NOT HANG UP until the operator hangs up.


Question: How did fifth disease get its name?

Answer: Though it can resemble other childhood rashes, such as rubella or scarlet fever, fifth disease usually begins with the distinctive, sudden appearance of bright red cheeks that look as though the child has been slapped. The disease is rare in infants and adults.


Question: What is fifth disease?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, is a mildly to moderately contagious viral infection common among school-age children, particularly in the winter and spring. Though it can resemble other childhood rashes, such as rubella or scarlet fever, fifth disease usually begins with the distinctive, sudden appearance of bright red cheeks that look as though the child has been slapped. The disease is rare in infants and adults.


Question: What should I know about fifth disease?

Answer: It poses little risk to healthy children and adults, with a couple of exceptions: pregnant women and people with certain types of chronic anemia. If a pregnant woman is infected in the first half of her pregnancy, there is a small risk of severe anemia in the fetus and a 10% risk of miscarriage. Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19 and is spread by respiratory secretions from an infected person. By the time the rash appears, children are no longer contagious and may attend school or day care.


Question: How can counseling help treat migraines?

Answer: In acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT), you accept that you have some migraine pain instead of trying to control it completely or avoid it. You commit to âgrow awayâ from a focus on migraines to discover goals and values you want more of in your life. And then you take action toward those goals.


Question: How can sphenopalatine ganglion nerve block help treat migraines?

Answer: This short, simple procedure numbs the SPG, a group of nerve cells inside and behind your nose. The FDA has approved three devices for doing this. It works because your SPG is linked to your trigeminal nerve, which is involved in these headaches. You get the procedure in your doctor's office. You'll be awake for it. Your doctor will insert a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, into your nose, one nostril at a time. Through an attached syringe, you'll get an anesthetic to numb your SPG and the area around it. Your doctor may use an X-ray machine to be sure the tube is inserted correctly. Once the numbness wears off, you may still feel relief for some time.


Question: What is an SPG (sphenopalatine ganglion) nerve block for migraine treatment?

Answer: This short, simple procedure numbs the SPG, a group of nerve cells inside and behind your nose. The FDA has approved three devices for doing this. It works because your SPG is linked to your trigeminal nerve, which is involved in these headaches.


Question: What is SPG (sphenopalatine ganglion) nerve block for a migraine treatment?

Answer: You get the procedure in your doctor's office. You'll be awake for it. Your doctor will insert a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, into your nose, one nostril at a time. Through an attached syringe, you'll get an anesthetic to numb your SPG and the area around it. Your doctor may use an X-ray machine to be sure the tube is inserted correctly. Once the numbness wears off, you may still feel relief for some time.


Question: How can calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors help in treating migraine?

Answer: CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a molecule involved in causing migraine pain. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that block the effects of CGRP. Erenumab ( Aimovig) was the first medicine specifically approved to prevent migraine attacks. In 2018, fremanezumab ( Ajovy) was also aproved. With each, you give yourself an injection once a month with a pen-like device.


Question: How do checkpoint inhibitors work?

Answer: They help the immune system tell if other cells are a normal part of your body and should be left alone or invaders that should be attacked. Cancer cells can trick your immune system by binding to the cells that are supposed to fight it. When that happens, the checkpoint signals your body not to attack. A checkpoint inhibitor stops these cells from binding. That way, your immune system recognizes and targets the cancer.


Question: How can immunotherapy drugs treat metastatic bladder cancer?

Answer: Your immune system is designed to fight infection and diseases, including cancer. But cancer cells can grow unchecked because they avoid your body's defenses. Immunotherapy drugs work by making cancer cells easier targets or by boosting the immune system to make it more effective against the disease.


Question: How should I eat if I have dumping syndrome?

Answer: Here are some other ways to lessen symptoms of dumping syndrome: Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day. Keep portions small, such as 1 ounce of meat or 1/4 cup of vegetables. Cut food into very small pieces. Chew well before swallowing. Combine proteins or fats along with fruits or starches. ( For example, combine fruit with cottage cheese.) Stop eating when you first begin to feel full. Drink liquids 30 to 45 minutes after meals. Reclining after eating may help prevent light-headedness.


Question: How is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs) diagnosed?

Answer: No one test can identify a case of ARDS. It's more of a puzzle that a doctor has to piece together. Other conditions can have similar symptoms. To make a diagnosis, you doctor will probably begin by asking about your medical history. She'll then likely do a physical exam and listen to your breathing and your heartbeat. She may also look for: Signs of extra fluid in your body Bluish color on your lips or skin There are various tests your doctor might order to help her reach a diagnosis.


Question: How can you treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs)?

Answer: Treatment aims to get oxygen levels in your blood back up to where they should be, so your organs get what they need. Doctors might start with an air mask and later go to a breathing tube and ventilator (a machine that helps you breathe), depending on exactly what you need. Other treatments might include: Nutrition and medicine through IV fluids Medicine to prevent bleeding and blood clots Medicine to keep you calm and comfortable People with ARDS are treated in the intensive care unit at a hospital.


Question: What happens when you have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs)?

Answer: Fluid leaks from small blood vessels and builds up in the tiny air sacs in your lungs. Your lungs are then unable to fill up with enough air. Because of this, the blood traveling to your lungs can't pick up the amount of oxygen it needs to carry to the rest of your body. That can lead to organs such as your kidneys or brain not working as they should or shutting down. Doctors aren't sure why some people get ARDS and others don't.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs)?

Answer: She may also look for: Signs of extra fluid in your body Bluish color on your lips or skin There are various tests your doctor might order to help her reach a diagnosis. Some of them include: Scans: A chest X-ray is crucial and probably the first test your doctor will order. You might also get a computerized tomography ( CT) scan. These can give your doctor an idea of how much fluid is in your lungs and where it is located. Blood tests: These can be used to check your oxygen level. They can also look for signs of infection or anemia. Heart tests: These might be ordered to rule out things such as heart failure (when your heart doesn't pump blood to your body properly).


Question: What are the symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs)?

Answer: Some of the other possible causes of ARDS include: Pneumonia Bleeding that requires a blood transfusion Inflammation of the pancreas Overdosing on cocaine and other drugs Near drowning Burns ARDS makes it hard to breathe and puts great strain on the lungs. So symptoms include shortness of breath, often severe. Other signs of ARDS include: Low blood pressure Unusually fast breathing Confusion and exhaustion Blue-tinted lips or nails from lack of oxygen in the blood Dizziness Lots of sweating While many people are already in a hospital when they get ARDS, you should get medical treatment at once if you have these symptoms or see them in a loved one.


Question: What causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs)?

Answer: Doctors are still trying to learn more about this condition and why it happens. It's not always clear what triggers a case. Most people who get ARDS are already in the hospital for something else. That's because it's usually caused by an injury or another illness. Some of the causes of ARDS may include: Sepsis: This is when you get an infection in your bloodstream, and your immune system goes into overdrive, causing inflammation, small blood clots, and bleeding. Accidents: Injuries from a car wreck or a fall can damage your lungs or that part of your brain that handles breathing. Breathing in harmful substances: Dense smoke or chemical fumes can trigger ARDS.


Question: What are some reasons for sleeping disorder?

Answer: But it can be due to obstructive sleep apnea, which causes people to stop breathing briefly during sleep. Likewise, insomnia often happens for simple reasons, like stress or jet lag.


Question: What are feeding questions you may have at your baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: Should my baby be nursing less often now? When is it time to start solid food?


Question: What are feeding tips for a baby?

Answer: Continue to feed your baby when she wants to be fed, about 7 to 8 times a day. Your baby may be going longer between feedings and have fewer poopy diapers, and that's okay. Spitting up is common. Holding your baby upright in your arms, in a swing, or in a car seat for about 30 minutes after feeding may help. Make sure you continue to burp her after each feeding. Don't give your baby infant cereal, juice, or other solids yet. Her digestive system is not ready. And NO water. Breast milk or formula is all your baby needs right now!


Question: What are the combination immunizations your baby will get at the 2-month checkup?

Answer: These may include: DTa P (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) Hib (haemophilus influenzae type b) IPV (polio vaccine) PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) HBV (hepatitis B) RV (rotavirus) Remember, these vaccines are safe, and your baby really needs them to protect her from many life-threatening illnesses, such as pertussis or whooping cough.


Question: What are questions your baby's doctor may ask at the baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: Is your baby getting tummy time? Can your baby hold her head up sometimes? Has your baby smiled yet? Is your baby alert to sounds? Is your baby stretching and moving her arms and legs well?


Question: What are sleeping questions you may have at the baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: I'm so tired -- when will my baby sleep through the night? How can I help my baby learn to go to sleep on her own?


Question: What are the concerns about using beta-blockers for chronic migraine?

Answer: These include: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Propranolol ( Inderal, Inderal LA, Inderal XL, Inno Pran) Timolol As many as 4 out of 5 of people who take beta-blockers get relief from their migraines. Still, like all drugs, they can cause side effects. These include feeling depressed and having problems during sex. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras. These medicines were thought to increase stroke risk with this type of migraine, though the proof is very scant.


Question: How can botulinum toxin (Botox) help prevent chronic migraine?

Answer: Long used to fill wrinkles, this nerve toxin has been found to stave off chronic migraines. It prevents a pain network in your brain from turning on. But it's only approved for people who have headaches at least 15 days each month. The more frequent your migraines, the better Botox seems to help. You may need several treatments before it starts to work.


Question: What is mastitis?

Answer: Mastitis is an infection of the tissue of the breast that occurs most frequently during the time of breastfeeding. It can occur when bacteria, often from the baby's mouth, enter a milk duct through a crack in the nipple. Breast infections most commonly occur one to three months after the delivery of a baby, but they can occur in women who have not recently delivered and in women after menopause. Other causes of infection include chronic mastitis and a rare form of cancer called inflammatory carcinoma.


Question: What are symptoms of a breast infection?

Answer: Breast infections may cause pain, redness, and warmth of the breast along with the following symptoms: Tenderness and swelling Body aches Fatigue Breast engorgement Fever and chills Abscess: A breast abscess can be a complication of mastitis. Noncancerous masses such as abscesses are more often tender and frequently feel mobile beneath the skin. The edge of the mass is usually regular and well defined. Indications that this more serious infection has occurred include the following: Tender lump in the breast that does not get smaller after breastfeeding a newborn ( If the abscess is deep in the breast, you may not be able to feel it.) Pus draining from the nipple Persistent fever and no improvement of symptoms within 48-72 hours of treatment Call your health care provider as soon as you feel any suspicious lump, whether you are breastfeeding or not.


Question: When should you go to the ER for a breast infection?

Answer: You may need to be evaluated in a hospital's emergency department if the breast pain is associated with other signs of an infection (such as a fever, swelling, or redness to the breast) and if your health care provider cannot see you promptly. The below symptoms require emergency treatment: A persistent high fever greater than 101.5 ° F Nausea or vomiting that is preventing you from taking the antibiotics as prescribed Pus draining from the breast Red streaks extending toward your arm or chest Dizziness, fainting, or confusion The diagnosis of mastitis and a breast abscess can usually be made based on a physical exam.


Question: What are the symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of a UTI can include: A burning feeling when you pee A frequent or intense urge to pee, even though little comes out when you do Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling pee Feeling tired or shaky Fever or chills (a sign that the infection may have reached your kidneys) Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen An infection can happen in different parts of your urinary tract.


Question: What are the treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: If you have three or more UTIs a year, ask your doctor to recommend a treatment plan. Some options include taking: A low dose of an antibiotic over a longer period to help prevent repeat infections A single dose of an antibiotic after sex, which is a common infection trigger Antibiotics for 1 or 2 days every time symptoms appear At-home urine tests, which you can get without a prescription, can help you decide whether you need to call your doctor.


Question: How likely am I to get urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: Some experts rank your lifetime risk of getting one as high as 1 in 2, with many women having repeat infections, sometimes for years.


Question: When do you need medical attention for dizziness?

Answer: Get medical attention immediately if you're dizzy and you faint, fall, or can't walk or have any of the following: Chest pain Different or really bad headache Head injury High fever Irregular heart rate Seizures Shortness of breath Stiff neck Sudden change in speech, vision, or hearing Vomiting Weakness or numbness in your face Weakness in your leg or arm Does it feel like you're spinning or the room is moving around you?


Question: How can low blood sugar cause dizziness?

Answer: You can get dizzy if it drops too low. That also can cause hunger, shakiness, sweating, and confusion. Some people without diabetes also have trouble with low blood sugar, but that's rare. A quick fix is to eat or drink something with sugar, like juice or a hard candy.


Question: What medications can cause dizziness as a side effect?

Answer: Several drugs list dizziness as a possible side effect. Check with your doctor if you take: Antibiotics, including gentamicin and streptomycin Anti-depressants Anti-seizure medications Blood pressure medicine Sedatives Many people don't drink enough fluids to replace the liquid they lose every day when they sweat, breathe, and pee.


Question: How can I prevent tonsillitis?

Answer: Hand washing remains crucial in preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria that cause tonsillitis. Avoid prolonged contact with anyone who has strep throat and has not been taking antibiotics for at least 24 hours. To be certain, avoid people who have been ill until such time as you are sure they no longer are.


Question: Why do people get tonsillectomy?

Answer: In the last 30 years, although tonsillectomy is frequently performed for recurrent infections, the most common reason for removing tonsils is tonsil-enlargement (hypertrophy) causing obstructive symptoms such as snoring, sleep apnea, and difficulty swallowing.


Question: What is different about breast cancer in younger women?

Answer: Diagnosing breast cancer in women under 40 years old is more difficult, because their breast tissue is generally denser than in older women. By the time a lump in a younger woman's breast can be felt, the cancer may be advanced. In addition, breast cancer in younger women can be aggressive and less likely to respond to treatment. Women who are diagnosed at a younger age also are more likely to have a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Delays in diagnosing breast cancer can cause problems. Many younger women ignore the warning signs -- such as a breast lump or unusual nipple discharge -- because they believe they're too young to get breast cancer. They may assume a lump is a harmless cyst or other growth. Some doctors may also dismiss breast lumps in young women as cysts.


Question: What are the treatment options for breast cancer in younger women?

Answer: Treatment options include: Surgery: either a lumpectomy, which involves removing the tumor and some surrounding tissue, or a mastectomy, which is the removal of a breast. Radiation is generally used following a lumpectomy, and chemotherapyand hormone therapy often are recommended after surgery to help destroy any remaining cancer cells and prevent a return. Breast cancer treatment can affect your sexuality, fertility, and pregnancy. If you'd like to have children, talk to your doctor it before you begin treatment.


Question: How are treatment decisions for breast cancer in young women made?

Answer: Treatment decisions are made based whether or not it has spread beyond the breast, as well as the woman's general health and personal circumstances.


Question: What puts you at risk for breast cancer?

Answer: The following put you at higher risk: A personal history of breast cancer or some noncancerous breast diseases A family history of breast cancer, particularly in a mother, daughter, or sister History of radiation treatments to the chest before age 40 Having a specific genetic defect such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation Getting your period before age 12 For some women, your age when you had your first child Other risk factors include heavy alcohol use, high intake of red meat, dense breasts, obesity, and race.


Question: Should women under age 40 get mammograms?

Answer: In general, regular mammograms aren't recommended for women under 40 years of age, in part because breast tissue tends to be dense, making mammograms less effective. The American Cancer Society recommends women ages 40 to 44 should have a choice to start yearly screening mammograms if they would like. Women ages 45 through 54 should have a mammogram each year and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every 1 to 2 years.. Most experts believe the low risk at that age doesn't justify the exposure to radiation or the cost of mammography. But mammograms may be recommended for younger women with a family history of breast cancer and other risk factors.


Question: Should I heat baby formula?

Answer: There's no need to heat the formula for your baby. Drinking it at room temperature is fine.


Question: Is it OK to bottle-feed your baby?

Answer: Infant formulas have gotten better and better at matching the ingredients and their proportions to that of human milk. While breastfed babies may have relatively fewer infections, the vast majority of infants won't get a serious infection in the first months whether breast- or bottle fed. A happy, unstressed mother is the best mother. If you feel that bottle feeding best fits your needs, then it's the best for meeting your baby's needs as well.


Question: Can I use leftover baby formula?

Answer: Once a baby has sipped from formula, it should be discarded. You can, though, save unused formula that baby hasn't sipped from for the next feeding.


Question: Are there side effects of corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Whether you get them depends a lot on the strength of the corticosteroid, how large an area you spread it on, and how long you use it. To lower your risk, your doctor may look for the weakest one that can get the job done in the shortest time. Some common side effects that could happen to you: Thinning of your skin Changes in skin coloring You bruise easily Stretch marks Skin gets reddish Broken blood vessels Increased hair growth in localized areas Infections You become sensitive to light Corticosteroids can be absorbed through your skin and sometimes cause health problems such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and a hormonal problem called Cushing's syndrome.


Question: When are weaker coricosteroids best to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Weaker corticosteroids are best if you need to use it on sensitive areas such as your face, groin, or breasts. Your doctor may also prescribe a lower-strength version if you have to use it for a long time. Mild to mid-strength ones can be used for children.


Question: When are stronger corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: You may need a stronger one if you have a severe form of psoriasis. It's also a good choice for spots with thicker skin, such as your palms or the soles of your feet.


Question: How are shin splints treated?

Answer: Rest your body. It needs time to heal. Ice your shin to ease pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days, or until the pain is gone. Use insoles or orthotics for your shoes. Shoe inserts -- which can be custom-made or bought off the shelf -- may help if your arches collapse or flatten when you stand up. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers, if you need them. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin, will help with pain and swelling.


Question: What causes shin splints?

Answer: This common problem can result from: Flat feet -- when the impact of a step makes your foot's arch collapse (your doctor will call this overpronation) Shoes that don't fit well or provide good support Working out without warmup or cooldown stretches Weak ankles, hips, or core muscles If you're active, you could get them if you make sudden changes like more intense, more frequent, or longer workouts.


Question: How do I know if my shin splints are healed?

Answer: Your injured leg feels as strong as your other leg. You can push hard on spots that used to be painful. You can jog, sprint, and jump without pain. There's no way to say exactly when your shin splints will go away. It depends on what caused them. People also heal at different rates; 3 to 6 months isn't unusual.


Question: What can help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have.


Question: How can diet and exercise help with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight. Exercise is also good for all types of MS. It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover.


Question: What are common symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Answer: If you have primary progressive multiple sclerosis ( PPMS), you probably first saw a doctor because your legs were weak or you had trouble walking. Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time.


Question: Drugs help reduce what symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You'll take medications to help you with: Tight muscles Bladder and bowel problems Pain Fatigue You'll also get rehabilitation, such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy.


Question: How fast should I start exercising to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly. If you're sensitive to temperature, be careful not to get overheated. And never exercise until you're totally exhausted because it will take much longer to recover.


Question: What are the symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Answer: This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself.


Question: How many people have primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Answer: Only 10% to 15% of people with multiple sclerosis have this form. Those that do are usually diagnosed later in life than people with other types.


Question: How does primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) develop over time?

Answer: Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions.


Question: How is primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) diagnosed?

Answer: It can be hard for doctors to diagnose PPMS. This complex disease is different for everyone who has it. You may have symptoms for a few years, but no major flares, before doctors can tell you're getting worse.


Question: What types of exercise help treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. Try different types of physical activity, such as: Brisk walking, swimming, or other gentle activities that get your heart pumping Exercises to improve your range of motion Stretching and strengthening moves Start slowly.


Question: In treatment for multiple sclerosis, what does rehabilitation help address?

Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have.


Question: Is it important to stay healthy if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can help with: Speech trouble Swallowing problems Daily activities at home and at work It's important to stay healthy overall no matter which type of MS you have. There are no specific eating plans that help with MS, but a nutritious diet is always best. You should also try to stay at a healthy weight.


Question: Does primary progressive multiple sclerosis get worse over time?

Answer: Those are the most common symptoms of this type of MS. Once it starts, PPMS gets worse over time. How fast that happens or how much disability it will cause varies a lot, so it's hard to predict. Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions.


Question: What are the main symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This disease mainly affects the nerves in your spinal cord. The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself.


Question: How do other drugs or foods interact with anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Drug or food interactions: Since this spray has little or no effect beyond the area applied, it is unlikely to interact with other drugs.


Question: How do anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays work?

Answer: How anticholinergic nasal sprays work: When sprayed into each nostril, anticholinergic nasal sprays decrease secretions from the glands lining the nasal passage.


Question: Who should not use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Who should not use these medications: Individuals who are allergic to any components of the nasal spray should not take this drug.


Question: How should you use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Use: The usual dosage is 2 sprays in each nostril 2-3 times per day.


Question: What are side effects of anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Side effects: Anticholinergic nasal sprays may cause an excessively dry nose, thereby causing nosebleeds or irritation.


Question: What problems can I have from infection of ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum?

Answer: During pregnancy, the bacteria can lead to infections in both the mother and the baby. Problems in newborn babies can include: Low birth weight Pneumonia Bacteria in the blood, called septicemia To diagnose a ureaplasma infection, your doctor can take a sample of fluid from: Blood Amniotic fluid Placental tissue Cervix Urethra Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to treat the infection.


Question: How does a person get mycoplasma hominis, a type of mycoplasma infection?

Answer: These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. But if you're in general good health, you don't have to worry. They rarely cause an infection. Women with a weakened immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- are most at risk. You can sometimes pick up this infection during sex. The bacteria can also pass from a mother to her baby during childbirth.


Question: What is mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer: There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless. The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum This type causes lung infections. About a third of people who get infected come down with a mild form of pneumonia called "walking pneumonia." Most people, especially children, will get "tracheobronchitis," a fancy name for a chest cold. You can catch one of these infections when someone who is sick coughs or sneezes and sends droplets with the bacteria into the air.


Question: What does it mean if I have a mycoplasma infection?

Answer: They're caused by tiny living things called bacteria. Unlike other bacteria, the ones that lead to mycoplasma infections don't have cell walls. That's important because many antibiotics kill bacteria by weakening those walls. Since mycoplasma bacteria don't have them, some antibiotics, like penicillin, won't work against them. There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless.