Question: Can you do anything to prevent rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Extra weight, especially if you're under 55. And if you do get the disease, smoking can make it worse. There's no way to prevent RA, but you can lower your chances if you: Quit smoking. It's the one sure thing besides your genes that boosts your odds of getting RA. Some studies show it also can make the disease get worse faster and lead to more joint damage, especially if you're ages 55 or younger. If you're overweight and a smoker, your chances of developing RA go up. Take care of your gums: New research shows a link between RA and periodontal (gum) disease. Brush, floss, and see your dentist for regular checkups. Even though there's nothing you can do to ensure you won't get it, keep in mind that early treatment can make your symptoms less painful and save your joints from damage. Ideally, you should begin treatment within 3 to 6 months of your first symptoms.


Question: What makes me more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It isn't a normal part of aging. RA is more common in women than men. It's more likely in women who've never been pregnant and those who've recently given birth.


Question: What makes you more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It isn't a normal part of aging. RA is more common in women than men. It's more likely in women who've never been pregnant and those who've recently given birth.


Question: Can sharing food make me sick?

Answer: Use soap. Before, during, and after you prepare food Before you eat Before and after you care for a sick person Before and after you treat a cut or wound After you use the bathroom After you change a child's diaper or clean up after a child who's used the bathroom After you blow your nose, cough, or sneeze After you touch an animal or its waste After you feed your pet After you touch garbage Germs can linger on hard surfaces for hours or days. One of the fastest ways for germs to spread from person to person is by mouth.


Question: What is the difference between colorectal, colon, and rectal cancers?

Answer: If you or someone you're close to has it, you'll want to know what they have in common and how they differ. That will affect your treatment options and what you can expect -- or as doctors say, your prognosis. Both colon and rectal cancer affect the large intestine, which is the lowest part of the digestive system. Colon cancer can start anywhere in the colon, which is about 5 feet long and absorbs water from stool. Rectal cancer starts in the rectum, which is the last 12 centimeters (nearly 5 inches) of the colon. It's where the body stores stools until you have a bowel movement. Both colon and rectal cancer are likely to cause many of the same symptoms, including: Stomach or gas pains Constipation or diarrhea Black, dark, or red colored stools, which can all indicate blood Feeling weak or tired Doctors also use the same approach to diagnose both types of colorectal cancer.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose colon and rectal cancer?

Answer: You've probably heard of âcolorectal cancer,â but colon cancer and rectal cancer aren't the same. Both colon and rectal cancer are likely to cause many of the same symptoms, including: Stomach or gas pains Constipation or diarrhea Black, dark, or red colored stools, which can all indicate blood Feeling weak or tired Doctors also use the same approach to diagnose both types of colorectal cancer. You'll likely get a colonoscopy. Many people have small growths in the colon, called polyps, which aren't cancerous but may need to come out before they become a problem.


Question: What is a robotic-assisted ovary removal surgery?

Answer: In robotic-assisted ovary removal, your doctor makes several small incisions to put the robot's camera and specialized instruments in place so the ovaries and other organs can be seen. Your doctor, who is always in control of the robotic device, will then use the robot's specialized instrument arms to remove the ovaries. Also, in some cases, you doctor may begin to remove your ovaries using a laparoscopic technique, but once she sees what is happening inside, may have to change to an open procedure to treat your condition.


Question: What are some reasons for ovary removal surgery?

Answer: Other women may have the operation to treat cancer. Problems like ovarian cysts, abscesses, benign tumors, or endometriosis are also conditions that may need this surgery. There are a few ways the surgery can be performed, and the method your doctor chooses depends on your particular situation.


Question: What anesthesia is used for surgery to take out ovaries?

Answer: That means only the area being worked on is numbed. Also, in some cases, you doctor may begin to remove your ovaries using a laparoscopic technique, but once she sees what is happening inside, may have to change to an open procedure to treat your condition. If you have not yet reached natural menopause and have surgery to remove your ovaries, you will have what is called âsurgicalâ menopause.


Question: I havenât had menopause yet. How will surgery to remove my ovaries affect me?

Answer: If your doctor performs an open procedure to remove your ovaries, you can expect to stay in the hospital longer than if you have a laparoscopic or robot-assisted operation. This can cause menopause symptoms like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, an increased risk of osteoporosis, as well as other things. Your doctor may recommend low-dose hormone therapy, or other medications and lifestyle changes, to help you with the symptoms.


Question: How is laparoscopic surgery used to take out the ovaries?

Answer: Your surgeon will insert a small camera, which is called a laparoscope, through a tiny cut in your belly button. She will then be able to see your ovaries, since this camera sends images to a monitor, just like a TV or computer screen. The doctor will also make several other small cuts, as necessary, in your belly, with special surgical tools. The ovaries are then removed through a small incision in your belly or vagina. Also, in some cases, you doctor may begin to remove your ovaries using a laparoscopic technique, but once she sees what is happening inside, may have to change to an open procedure to treat your condition.


Question: What do I need to do to prepare for a skin test for allergies?

Answer: That reaction is how the doctor can tell you're allergic to something. Some drugs can affect the results, so your doctor will give you a list of medicines to avoid before the test. Since allergy medicines, such as OTC antihistamines, stop allergic reactions, you shouldn't take them for a few days before your appointment. You need to let your body react to the allergens in the test. Your doctor or allergist will use the results of your test to come up with a treatment plan for you.


Question: What happens when you get a patch test for allergies?

Answer: Patch test: Your doctor could put an allergen on a patch and then stick that on your arm or back. Patch tests take more time, and two visits to your doctor. You'll have to wear a patch for about 48 hours in case you have a delayed reaction to the allergen.


Question: What tests will your doctor do to figure out the source my skin irritation?

Answer: In fact, people can be exposed to a substance for long periods, even years, before developing an allergy. But your doctor may do patch testing to see if you're sensitive to various types of allergens that are known to cause dermatitis. Small patches of these substances are placed on your skin for one to two days so that your doctor can check if a rash develops.


Question: What should you do if you can't figure out the source of skin irritation?

Answer: He or she will quiz you about your job, household chores, hobbies, drug and cosmetics use, and other factors in order to gain clues about the root of the problem. If no irritation occurs in that spot after a week, you can try using the product.


Question: Are there things I can do to keep from getting contact dermatitis?

Answer: Some with sensitive skin can develop irritation from even mild soaps and detergents that they use frequently. For example: Once you've identified an offending substance, avoid it. If your skin makes contact, wash the substance off right away with soap and water. If you have sensitive facial skin, consider using gentle, soap-free, liquid cleansers. Or use a moisturizing soap that's free of fragrance and dyes. Don't scrub your face vigorously with a rough washcloth or buff puff. Instead, cleanse gently and pat dry. Avoid deodorant or antibacterial soaps. Choose moisturizers, sunscreens, and cosmetics that are fragrance-free and don't contain acids or botanical ingredients.


Question: What is irritant contact dermatitis?

Answer: This skin reaction tends to be more painful than itchy. When a person who has become sensitized to an allergen becomes exposed by touching the substance, symptoms, such as itching and skin inflammation, are often delayed.


Question: Do I need a detox program for alcohol use disorder?

Answer: You may have: Anxiety Delirium tremens ( DTs), a life-threatening issue that can make you restless, upset, and confused and cause fever, hallucinations, and seizures Depression Hallucinations, when you see or hear things that aren't there Problems sleeping Shakiness, especially in your hands Unstable changes in blood pressure and heart rate If you need alcohol for your body to feel normal, then you likely need help. That often includes medicine to help ease symptoms as well as care for medical and mental health conditions. You'll have care around the clock to help you through.


Question: What kind of help do I need if I have alcohol use disorder?

Answer: Everyone has different needs when it comes to treating alcohol use disorder ( AUD), a condition that can be diagnosed when your pattern of alcohol use is problematic and causes significant distress. The effects of withdrawal on your body and mind can be uncomfortable and dangerous. That's where detox comes in. Withdrawal symptoms are mild for some but much more serious for others.


Question: What is detox for alcohol use disorder?

Answer: Some people with AUD become dependent on alcohol and have withdrawal symptoms when they suddenly stop drinking. When someone with a dependence on alcohol suddenly stops drinking, usually within 6-24 hours after their last drink, they might develop withdrawal symptoms.


Question: Does insurance cover programs for alcohol use disorder?

Answer: Usually, some services will be covered, but how much you'll have to pay out of pocket depends on your health plan and the program you choose. Medicare Part A covers mental health care in hospitals, including AUD treatment. Medicare Part B pays for outpatient services for alcohol use disorder. Your best bet is to grab a pen and paper to take notes and call your health plan.


Question: What medicines can help with treating fulminant hepatitis?

Answer: Infection from certain viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E, may lead to sudden liver failure. Medicines to treat hepatitis. Doctors use antiviral medicines to treat some forms of viral hepatitis. For example, if hepatitis B is the reason your liver is failing, an antiviral drug can fight the virus. Other antivirals may help if the herpes simplex virus is causing fulminant hepatitis. You may get steroids if autoimmune hepatitis is the cause.


Question: How is atherosclerosis related to high blood pressure?

Answer: Over time, this extra pressure can damage the arteries, making them more vulnerable to the narrowing and plaque buildup associated with atherosclerosis. The narrowed artery limits or blocks the flow of blood to the heart muscle, depriving the heart of oxygen. Your doctor may prescribe drugs to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of atherosclerosis.


Question: How is electroconvulsive therapy used?

Answer: In schizophrenia, ECT is often extremely effective for a syndrome called catatonia, a condition that may coincide with schizophrenia, some forms of depression, and other psychiatric disorders in which a person's body becomes rigid and cannot be moved. Doctors may also use ECT to ease other symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking. ECT is traditionally used more often to treat depression or bipolar disorder, however, than schizophrenia. It is thought to be more effective for treating psychosis when mood symptoms are also present. The effectiveness of ECT has therefore not been as extensively studied for treatment of schizophrenia as for mood disorders. Many of the risks and side effects have been related to anesthesia, doctors using the equipment improperly or doing the ECT in the wrong way, and staff who haven't had the right training.


Question: How is electroconvulsive therapy done?

Answer: First, you get general anesthesia and a drug that relaxes your muscles. The doctor will send a finely controlled electric current through those electrodes for a very short time. This will cause a brief seizure in your brain. Because your muscles are relaxed, the seizure may only cause slight movement of your hands and feet. You'll âwake upâ minutes later, and probably won't remember the treatment. You may be confused for a short time afterward. Most people get ECT two to three times a week for 2-4 weeks. You'll probably also get psychotherapy and take medicine under a psychiatrist's care. You and your doctor should talk about all your treatment options, in order to find those that are best for you.


Question: If you have ichthyosis, what are some complications of scaling?

Answer: Scaling can lead to complications such as: Infections Dehydration Blocked sweat glands, which can lead to overheating Slow hair growth from scales on the scalp Burning more calories, because the skin has to work harder to turn over cells Ichthyosis can cause emotional issues, too. The scales can affect the way you look. People with this condition sometimes feel depressed and have low self-esteem. If you feel depressed or have low self-esteem, talk to a therapist or other mental health experts.


Question: What are tumors of the salivary glands?

Answer: Pleomorphic adenomas most commonly affect the parotid glands, but can also affect the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenomas are benign (noncancerous) and are more common in women than men. While most salivary gland tumors are benign, some can be cancerous.


Question: What viral infections can cause salivary gland swelling?

Answer: Viral infections such as mumps, flu, and others can cause swelling of the salivary glands. Other viral illnesses that cause salivary gland swelling include the Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV), cytomegalovirus ( CMV), Coxsackievirus, and the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV).


Question: How can food trigger eczema?

Answer: Symptoms -- like swelling -- are side effects of your body's defenses. Eczema doesn't seem to be an allergic condition, but reactions from food can make it worse in some kids. It's more likely in babies and young children. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.


Question: How can you find a food trigger for eczema?

Answer: Some foods are more likely to bring symptoms. If your child eats lobster for the first time and breaks out in hives 15 minutes later, it's probably not hard to figure out. But with eczema, it's often tougher. Symptoms may not show up for days after you eat something. If you do find a trigger food and get rid of it, that may help. Still, it may not make the eczema go away. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.


Question: How do doctors test what foods trigger your eczema?

Answer: If your doctor thinks a food may be harmful, he may ask you not to give it to your kid for 10 to 14 days. Watch to see if it makes a difference. Food challenges. After you've taken a food out of your child's diet, your pediatrician might want you to add a small amount back in to see if it causes symptoms. A doctor can take an extract of the food and use it to scratch the skin lightly. If the area swells up, that could be an allergic reaction. However, it's not always accurate. Blood tests. Again, it's not always accurate. Other lab tests can check for cells that trigger swelling.


Question: What are some signs I have food poisoning?

Answer: It depends on what is causing the infection. Some other possible, common symptoms of a variety of food poisonings might include: Bloating and gas Fever Muscle aches Weakness Abdominal pain and cramping You've probably heard of the some of the bad bugs that can cause food poisoning: Campylobacter E. coli Listeria Salmonella Shigella You've probably also heard of one of the nastiest: botulism, a rare but severe type of bacterial food poisoning. You should call a doctor, however, if you or a loved one have: Any signs of dehydration: dry mouth, little or no urination, dizziness, or sunken eyes Any diarrhea in a newborn or infant Inability to hold down liquids without vomiting Diarrhea that lasts longer than 2 days (1 day in a child) or is severe Severe gut pain or vomiting Fever of 102 F or higher, or a rectal temperature of 100.4 F in a baby younger than 3 months Stools that are black, tarry, or bloody Muscle weakness Tingling in your arms Blurry vision Confusion Diarrhea or flulike illness in pregnant women Jaundice (yellow skin), which can be a sign of hepatitis A


Question: What might a doctor ask or look for during an ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: Instead, doctors rely on several things, including: Interviews with the parents, relatives, teachers, or other adults Personally watching the child or adult Questionnaires or rating scales that measure symptoms of ADHD Psychological tests The doctor needs to see how much a person's symptoms are affecting his daily moods, behavior, productivity, and lifestyle habits. And he needs to rule out other conditions. With children, the doctor will talk with the parents about ADHD symptoms they have seen. With adults, the doctor may want to talk with a spouse or other family members.


Question: How is ADHD diagnosed?

Answer: Instead, doctors rely on several things, including: Interviews with the parents, relatives, teachers, or other adults Personally watching the child or adult Questionnaires or rating scales that measure symptoms of ADHD Psychological tests The doctor needs to see how much a person's symptoms are affecting his daily moods, behavior, productivity, and lifestyle habits. To rule out other conditions, a doctor may ask for tests, including: Hearing and eyesight A blood test for lead levels A blood test for diseases such as thyroid disease A test to measure electrical activity in the brain A CT scan or MRI to check for brain abnormalities To diagnose ADHD, doctors most often use guidelines established by the American Psychiatric Association.


Question: How is iontophoresis used for hyperhidrosis?

Answer: Its exact mechanism of action is still unclear, although it probably works by temporarily blocking the sweat duct. The procedure uses water to conduct an electric current to the skin a few times each week, for about 10-20 minutes per session, followed by a maintenance program of treatments at 1- to 3-week intervals, depending on the patient's response. Iontophoresis treatments are not painful. Patients may purchase devices for this treatment through a doctor's prescription. Medical insurers sometimes cover the cost. Microwave energy mira Dry is a treatment that was FDA approved in 2011 for the treatment of excessive underarm sweating.


Question: Is Botox safe for helping hyperhidrosis?

Answer: An estimated 2%-3% of Americans suffer from excessive sweating of the underarms (axillary hyperhidrosis) or of the palms and soles of the feet (palmoplantar hyperhidrosis). Botox (botulinum toxin)- A, has been approved in the U. S. by the FDA for treating excessive axillary (underarm) sweating. Now that this treatment has received FDA approval for hyperhidrosis, many health insurers are providing coverage for the injections and the Botox itself after other treatments have failed. Sympathectomy is an operation intended to destroy part of the nerve supply to the sweat glands in the skin.


Question: How is botulinum toxin A (Botox) used for medical purposes?

Answer: Botox (botulinum toxin)- A, has been approved in the U. S. by the FDA for treating excessive axillary (underarm) sweating. Currently, the FDA has not approved Botox for sweating of the palms and soles of the feet, though some physicians are administering it as an off-label use, reportedly with success. Microwave energy mira Dry is a treatment that was FDA approved in 2011 for the treatment of excessive underarm sweating.


Question: How is surgery used to treat hyperhidrosis?

Answer: A procedure called thoracic sympathectomy may be considered as a last resort. The procedure uses water to conduct an electric current to the skin a few times each week, for about 10-20 minutes per session, followed by a maintenance program of treatments at 1- to 3-week intervals, depending on the patient's response. The surgeon inserts a special endoscopic instrument into the chest between two ribs just below the armpit. Sympathectomy is both effective and risky. Even with newer endoscopic techniques, the complications can include excessive sweating in other parts of the body and lung and nerve problems. As many of these complications are serious and not reversible, this option is rarely used, and then only as a last resort.


Question: When should I call 911 about hives?

Answer: You get hives and a dry throat, cough, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, trouble breathing, or a sharp drop in blood pressure after a bee sting or insect bite or a new medication. This may be anaphylaxis. Give yourself an epinephrine shot, even if you're unsure whether your symptoms are allergy related. You'll still need medical attention even if your symptoms seem to stop. You have symptoms of angioedema (again, that's swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat). You need immediate medical attention so that the swelling doesn't block the air passage to the lungs.


Question: What is liver failure?

Answer: Most often, liver failure happens gradually, over many years. But a rarer condition known as acute liver failure happens rapidly (in as little as 48 hours) and can be difficult to detect at first. Supportive care.


Question: How is liver failure treated?

Answer: Acetylcysteine can reverse acute liver failure caused by an acetaminophen overdose. If a virus causes liver failure, a hospital can treat your symptoms until the virus runs its course. In these cases, the liver will sometimes recover on its own. If your liver failure results from long-term damage, the first step may be to try to save whatever part of your liver still works. If that fails, you'll need a liver transplant. Fortunately, this procedure is often successful.


Question: How can liver failure be prevented?

Answer: Blood clotting problems. The best way to prevent liver failure is to limit your risk of getting cirrhosis or hepatitis. Here are some tips to help prevent these conditions: Get a hepatitis vaccine or an immunoglobulin shot to prevent hepatitis A and B. Eat a proper diet from all of the food groups. Do not drink alcohol in excess. Avoid alcohol when you are taking acetaminophen. Practice proper hygiene. Since germs are commonly spread by hands, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly after you use the bathroom. Also, wash your hands before you touch any food. Don't share any personal toiletry items, including toothbrushes and razors. If you get a tattoo or a body piercing, make sure the conditions are sanitary and all equipment is aseptic (free of disease-causing germs). Be sure to use barrier protection (condoms) when having sex. If you use illegal intravenous drugs, don't share needles with anyone.


Question: What are the benefits of ulcerative colitis surgery?

Answer: In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.


Question: What types of surgery treat ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed. If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times. Another procedure is the pelvic pouch or ileal pouch anal anastomosis ( IPAA). This is a procedure that does not require a permanent stoma. This surgery is also called a restorative proctocolectomy. The patient is still able to eliminate stool through the anus. In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. Then the small intestine is used to form an internal pouch or reservoir -- called a J-pouch -- that will serve as a new rectum. This pouch is connected to the anus. This procedure is frequently done in two operations. In between the operations the patient needs a temporary ileostomy. The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. If the entire colon and rectum are removed, ulcerative colitis is cured. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.


Question: Are there different types of schizophrenia?

Answer: Doctors who specialize in mental health used to divide schizophrenia into different subtypes: Catatonic Disorganized Paranoid Residual Undifferentiated. But that system didn't work well. Now, experts talk about schizophrenia as a spectrum disorder that includes all the previous subtypes. It's a group of related mental disorders that share some symptoms. They're like variations on a theme in music. They affect your sense of what's real. They change how you think, feel, and act. What makes schizophrenia different from some similar disorders in the spectrum is how long you've had symptoms and whether you also have signs of a mood disorder.


Question: How can you get colorectal cancer?

Answer: They grow slowly and often do not produce symptoms until they reach a large size. Fortunately, colorectal cancer is preventable, and curable, if detected early. Although most colorectal polyps do not become cancer, virtually all colon and rectal cancers start from these growths.


Question: What are early signs of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. Often tumors bleed only small amounts intermittently, and evidence of the blood is found only during chemical testing of the stool. This is called occult bleeding, meaning it is not always visible to the naked eye. When tumors have grown to a large size they may cause a change in the frequency or the caliber of the stool.


Question: What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Risk factors for colorectal cancer include: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps A diet high in red meats and processed meats Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 diabetes Being African- American Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. Screening should begin at age 50.


Question: How can you prevent colorectal cancer?

Answer: People may inherit diseases in which the risk of colon polyps and cancer is very high. Some studies have shown that aspirin and other drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, may help prevent colon cancers. NSAIDs also carry increased risks of serious complications, such as stomach bleeding, heart attacks and strokes. Screening guidelines for adults consist of screening with colonoscopy starting at a younger age.


Question: What are the general colorectal cancer screening recommendations?

Answer: General Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations: These recommendations are for people at average risk for colorectal cancer without symptoms or a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Screening should begin at age 50. Stool tests â a fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test -- is performed once a year. These are simple at-home tests that check for hidden blood in the stool from multiple samples. Or Flexible sigmoidoscopyperformed every 5 years. This is an outpatient procedure for examining the inside of the lower portion of the large intestine, called the sigmoid colon, and also the rectum. This test can miss polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities that are beyond the reach of the scope. If abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy needs to be done. Or Colonoscopy, performed once every 10 years; this is the preferred test. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years. This can miss small polyps. If any abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy is needed.


Question: What tests are used to detect colorectal cancer?

Answer: In addition to getting a medical history and physical exam, there are a number of tests your doctor can perform to help detect colorectal cancer and polyps early. Tests to help detect colorectal polyps and cancer include: Sigmoidoscopy. This is a procedure used to examine the rectum and very last part of the colon. This test can detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities in the sigmoid colon and rectum. During this exam, a biopsy (tissue sample) may also be removed and sent for testing. Colonoscopy. A colonoscopy examines the entire colon and rectum. This is a special X-ray test (also referred to as a virtual colonoscopy) done of the entire colon using a CT (computed tomography) scanner. This test takes less time and is less invasive than other tests. However, if a polyp is detected, a standard colonoscopy needs to be performed. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years.


Question: Can I treat my yeast infection myself?

Answer: Though yeast infections can happen to anyone at any time, there are certain things that make getting them more likely. You may also experience any or all of the following: Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and the vulva (the outer part of the female genitals) Pain or burning when you pee Pain during sex A thick, white, odorless discharge, similar to cottage cheese If you think you have a yeast infection, see your doctor before treating yourself. The symptoms of yeast infections are similar to other, more serious conditions, including sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis (bacterial overgrowth in the vagina). An accurate diagnosis is important so you can get the best treatment.


Question: What are tips to help get enough sleep if I have diabetes?

Answer: Remember all the things that help: Stick to a regular schedule, don't use your phone or tablet close to bedtime, and relax before you hit the hay. If you have diabetes, you're more likely to get gum disease.


Question: How can exercise affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?

Answer: It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. Tough activities, like bench-pressing weights, or competitive ones, like running a race, can raise your blood sugar. That doesn't mean you can't sweat it out. Exercise is one of the best things you can do for your whole body. But ask your doctor what changes you may need to make in your treatment plan to keep your blood sugar in the right range. When you have diabetes, insulin can't break through the cells to break down the glucose, and your levels rise.


Question: How does getting enough sleep affect diabetes?

Answer: Not getting enough rest does more than make you groggy. It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. In one study, researchers asked healthy adults to sleep just 4 hours a night for 6 days. At the end of the study, their bodies' ability to break down glucose was 40% lower on average. You know that insulin can bring your blood sugar down.


Question: How can medications affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?

Answer: Because you have diabetes, you know it's a must to keep your blood sugar levels under control. But if you miss a dose or take the wrong dose of your medicine, you could cause your levels to spike. Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can have the same effect. Other meds that could raise your glucose include: Diuretics (âwater pillsâ) Drugs used to treat depression Blood pressure medicines If you're on any of these medicines and you notice your blood sugar is high, talk to your doctor. He may adjust your diet or medications.


Question: Can I eat fiber-rich foods if I have diabetes?

Answer: Because you have diabetes, you know it's a must to keep your blood sugar levels under control. Good choices are whole grains, fruits that are lower in sugar (apples and blueberries), veggies, and legumes.


Question: How does sleep affect blood sugar?

Answer: Not getting enough rest does more than make you groggy. It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. In one study, researchers asked healthy adults to sleep just 4 hours a night for 6 days. At the end of the study, their bodies' ability to break down glucose was 40% lower on average. Remember all the things that help: Stick to a regular schedule, don't use your phone or tablet close to bedtime, and relax before you hit the hay. You know that insulin can bring your blood sugar down. If you have diabetes, you're more likely to get gum disease.


Question: Can I eat carbohydrates if I have diabetes?

Answer: But choices that have too many carbs can cause your blood sugar to soar -- white rice, pasta, and highly processed or fried foods are examples. Some fruits are high in sugar, such as bananas. Good choices are whole grains, fruits that are lower in sugar (apples and blueberries), veggies, and legumes.


Question: How can I tell the difference between a cold and allergies?

Answer: The symptoms are so similar that you might get them confused. Here's how to tell the difference: Allergies Cold Symptoms Runny, itchy, or stuffy nose, sneezing, wheezing, watery or itchy eyes. You could also have a sore throat, body aches, and fever. Watery eyes are rare. How long symptoms last Could last a long time, as long as you're exposed to your allergen. Symptoms tend to clear up within a few days.


Question: What are some types and symptoms of allergies?

Answer: People with allergies to certain medications (like antibiotics, aspirin, and ibuprofen) will have a reaction like a skin rash, itching, wheezing, swelling, even trouble breathing after taking them. When your skin comes in direct contact with something you're allergic to, like perfumes, dyes, metals, or latex, you may notice a rash, blisters, itching, and burning. Eczema is a chronic inflammation of the skin, resulting in itchy red patches. It can be triggered by certain foods, pet dander, dust mites, sweating, or coming in contact with something irritating, like wool. Insect allergies.


Question: How can I cut allergens in my home?

Answer: If possible, leave your home for a few hours after cleaning to avoid allergens you've stirred up. Also, make sure that your vacuum has a HEPA filter or special double filter bags to catch dust. Keep pets out of the bedroom. Zippered plastic covers also work. Wash bedding weekly in hot water (130 F) and dry in a hot dryer to kill dust mites. Repair indoor or outdoor leaks. Use a dehumidifier, and clean it often. Keep pollen out.


Question: Whatâs hay fever?

Answer: Also known as allergic rhinitis, hay fever is the most common type of allergy. It can be seasonal, meaning it only happens at certain times of the year (mostly in the spring or fall), or year-round. Symptoms include stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and itchy throat and can range from mild to severe. Seasonal: If you have seasonal hay fever, you are probably allergic to something outdoors, like mold or pollen. Ragweed is to blame for 75% of hay fever. Year-round: If you have year-round hay fever, you are probably allergic to something indoors, such as dust mites, mold, cockroaches, or pet dander.


Question: What are some ways I can treat my allergies without medicine?

Answer: You might have heard that there are ways to get relief from your allergy symptoms without taking medication. Herbal supplements: Experts aren't sure that taking supplements like bee pollen, butterbur, or goldenseal can help allergies. So if you are allergic to ragweed, some supplements may make your symptoms worse. Nasal irrigation : Pour a saline solution into one nostril and let it flow out the other to wash out mucus and allergens. Make sure you always use distilled or sterile water, boiled and cooled tap water, or water passed through a special filter.


Question: How can I avoid outdoor allergens?

Answer: You don't have to stay indoors round the clock, there are some precautions you can take: Avoid going out when allergens are at their peak, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Consider wearing a facemask when you're outside to limit how much pollen you breathe in. Wear a baseball cap during pollen season and leave it at the door when you come back inside. Avoid tracking pollen in your home by leaving your shoes at the door, changing your clothes, and showering and washing your hair immediately after going inside. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from pollen. Roll up the car windows and use the air conditioner when you drive. Have someone else do the yard work.


Question: How can I treat my child's allergy symptoms?

Answer: If you don't know what's causing your child to sneeze or wheeze, see your pediatrician or allergist. They will examine your child to find the cause of the symptoms and suggest treatments. When pollen counts are highest, consider limiting your child's time outdoors. Have your child wear a baseball cap outside, and when he comes in, have him change his clothes and wash his face (including eyebrows and nostrils). Medications can also help. But remember that treating children is different from treating adults. If your child's symptoms aren't responding to over-the-counter medicine recommended by your pharmacist, make an appointment with your pediatrician to see if other treatments like prescription medications and allergy immunotherapy might help.


Question: How can I ease side effects from allergy medication?

Answer: Follow a few simple strategies to manage side effects: Follow the directions. Tell your doctor if you've had any problems or unpleasant side effects from past medications. It can increase side effects like drowsiness or even make you sick.


Question: What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. When your child has SMA, there's a breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The brain stops sending messages that control muscle movement. When that happens, your child's muscles get weak and shrink, and he can have trouble controlling head movement, sitting without help, and even walking. Have you seen your child have trouble breathing?


Question: How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treated?

Answer: What can I do to help my child become more independent? The FDA has approved two medications to treat SMA: nusinersen ( Spinraza) and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi ( Zolgensma). Both are forms of gene therapy that affect the genes involved in SMA. The outlook depends on when symptoms started and how severe they are.


Question: What are different types of doctors who can treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: He may need to see: Pulmonologists, doctors who treat lungs Neurologists, specialists in nerve problems Orthopedists, doctors who treat bone problems Gastroenterologists, specialists in stomach disorders Nutritionists, experts in the way food affects your child's health Physical therapists, people trained in using exercise to improve your child's motion This team can help you make decisions about your child's health. In other types of SMA, doctors can help ease a child's symptoms for many years and in many cases throughout his life.


Question: What tests can help diagnose spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. For example, they may take a blood sample from your child to check for missing or broken genes that can cause SMA. Other tests rule out conditions that have similar symptoms: Nerve tests, such as an electromyogram ( EMG). This is a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your child's body. This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your child. In this test, the doctor removes muscle cells through a needle in the muscle or through a small cut in your child's skin.


Question: What are symptoms of type 4 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. This form of SMA starts when you're an adult. You may have symptoms such as muscle weakness, twitching, or breathing problems. Usually only your upper arms and legs are affected. You'll have the symptoms throughout your life, but you can keep moving and even get better with exercises that you'll practice with the help of a physical therapist.


Question: What are symptoms of type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. Symptoms for this type start when children are 2-17 years old. It's the mildest form of the disease. Your child will most likely be able to stand or walk without help, but may have problems running, climbing stairs, or getting up from a chair. Later in life, he may need a wheelchair to get around. Type 3 is also called Kugelberg- Welander disease or juvenile SMA.


Question: How can I help a child with spinal muscular atrophy with his movement?

Answer: Is there therapy that can help keep my child's muscles strong? Your doctor may suggest working with a nutritionist. Special tools can control computers and phones and help with writing and drawing.


Question: What causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: SMA is a disease that's passed down through families. When this happens, his body won't be able to make a specific kind of protein. Without it, the cells that control muscles die. Your child may be able to sit and walk or stand with help.


Question: What are symptoms of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. He may not be able to support his head or sit without help. He may have floppy arms and legs and problems swallowing. Most children with type 1 SMA don't live past age 2 because of breathing problems.


Question: What is the most common lung cancer?

Answer: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. NSCLC has three main types designated by the type of cells found in the tumor. Large cell carcinomas, sometimes referred to as undifferentiated carcinomas, are the least common type of NSCLC, accounting for 10%-15% of all lung cancers.


Question: What is small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. They also have a tendency to spread to the lymph nodes and beyond. Other types of cancers can arise in the lung; these types are much less common than NSCLC and SCLC and together comprise only 5%-10% of lung cancers: Bronchial carcinoids account for up to 5% of lung cancers. Unrelated to cigarette smoking, carcinoid tumors can metastasize, and a small proportion of these tumors secrete hormone-like substances.


Question: What are the types of lung cancer?

Answer: This classification is based upon the microscopic appearance of the tumor cells. These two types of cancers grow, spread, and are treated in different ways, so making a distinction between these two types is important. Other types of cancers can arise in the lung; these types are much less common than NSCLC and SCLC and together comprise only 5%-10% of lung cancers: Bronchial carcinoids account for up to 5% of lung cancers.


Question: What are squamous cell carcinomas of the lung?

Answer: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. Most adenocarcinomas arise in the outer, or peripheral, areas of the lungs. This type of lung cancer most often stays within the lung, spreads to lymph nodes, and grows quite large, forming a cavity.


Question: When was islet cell transplantation developed and how successful has it been?

Answer: Beta cells are one type of cell found in the islets of the pancreas and produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. But in 1999, a clinical trial conducted at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, brought new hope. Using enhanced techniques to collect and prepare the extremely fragile donor islet cells, as well as using improved anti-rejection drugs, the researchers achieved a 100% success rate. All of the patients in their trial were freed from the need for insulin for at least one month. However, the success of the '' Edmonton Protocol,'' as it was called, was not as successful in later trials, and the number of islet cell transplantations has decreased in more recent years. The Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry reported in 2009 that 70% of adults with Type I diabetes were free of insulin injections at one year, 50% at two years, and 35% at three years. Researchers are also working to develop methods of transplanting islet cells that will reduce or eliminate the risk of rejection and the need for immunosuppression.


Question: What is the purpose of islet cell transplantation for people with diabetes?

Answer: Once transplanted, the islet cells resume their role of releasing insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels in response to food, exercise, and other changes in the body. Improve the quality of life.


Question: How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect high blood pressure?

Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. NSAIDs can also raise your risk for heart attack or stroke, especially in higher doses. Many cough and cold medications contain NSAIDs to relieve pain. However, they also constrict blood vessels throughout your body. These suggestions can help: Give a list of ALL the medications you use, both prescription and over-the-counter, to every doctor you visit.


Question: What can you do to prevent high blood pressure from cough and cold medications?

Answer: Ask your doctor if any NSAID is okay for you to use. Decongestants may prevent your blood pressure medication from working properly. Avoid using cough and cold medicine that contains NSAIDs or decongestants, especially pseudoephedrine.


Question: How can weight loss drugs lead to high blood pressure?

Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. Decongestants can make blood pressure worse in two ways: Decongestants may make your blood pressure and heart rate rise. Before using any weight loss drug, whether prescription or over-the-counter, be sure to check with your doctor. These medications can be useful for weight loss, but may do you more harm than good.


Question: How can migraine headache medications lead to high blood pressure?

Answer: If you have high blood pressure to begin with, it can rise to dangerous levels. Some medications may interact with your blood pressure medicine. However, NSAIDs can make your body retain fluid and decrease the function of your kidneys. Some migraine medications work by tightening blood vessels in your head. If you have high blood pressure or any other type of heart disease, talk with your doctor before taking a drug for migraines or severe headaches.


Question: What is another name for eczema?

Answer: The way to know for sure whether you have it or not is to see a doctor. Some types of eczema can also blister, leak fluid, crack, or peel.


Question: What are some questions to ask the doctor about getting more information about eczema?

Answer: When you scratch too much, your skin might break open a little. Here are some questions to get you started: What's the cause of my eczema? What's the best way to treat it? Do I need a prescription? Is there anything new that might work better than what I've tried in the past? Can I prevent a new outbreak of eczema? When should I call you about my symptoms?


Question: Why get a Pap test?

Answer: If you don't treat an HPV infection, it can cause cells inside your cervix to turn into cancer. One way to avoid HPV and cervical cancer is to get vaccinated. Talk to your doctor about your specific case. During a Pap test, the doctor takes a sample of cells from your cervix. That sample goes to a lab. It's tested to see if any of the cells have started to turn into cancer. Your doctor can also test the cells for HPV. Women should get screened: With a Pap test once every 3 years - beginning at age 21, then at ages 24 and 27 With a Pap test and HPV test from age 30 and every five years thereafter up to age 65 Women can elect to continue Pap testing only every 3 years (without an HPV test) Ask your doctor or gynecologist about your HPV and cervical cancer risks. Find out if you need to get vaccinated. And learn what other steps you can take to avoid cervical cancer.


Question: What causes cervical cancer?

Answer: HPV is the most common type of sexually transmitted disease, or STD. It has been FDA-approved to be given to males and females from ages 27 to 45.


Question: What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: But we know for sure that most cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmitted disease called human papilloma virus, or HPV. It's not one, but a group of more than 200 closely related viruses.


Question: Can you prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: It's also given in 3 doses. Gardasil 9. This vaccine is for boys and girls and is routinely given at 11 or 12 through age 26. It has been FDA-approved to be given to males and females from ages 27 to 45. You need to get all three doses of the HPV vaccine for it to work. Practicing safe sex is another way to avoid getting HPV. Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Condoms don't protect against HPV 100% of the time, but they can help. A Pap test is one way to screen for cervical cancer. Your doctor can also test the cells for HPV.


Question: How can acid blockers treat heartburn?

Answer: They cut down on how much acid your stomach makes. Side effects can include mild headache, dizziness, and diarrhea. These are usually temporary and will likely go away on their own.


Question: How can educating yourself help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: So learn as much as you can. The more information you have, the better prepared you will be to deal with it. You'll also be better able to support your family member with schizophrenia. And that can boost the odds that he will stick with his treatment, even when things gets tough. The Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America ( SARDAA) and National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) both offer support.


Question: How can being ready to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: If you're not sure who to call to get treatment started, try your family doctor, who may refer you to a psychiatrist. If another person is available, ask them to stay with your loved one while you contact the doctor or 911. If your loved one threatens suicide, don't leave him alone. If his behavior becomes dangerous, immediately call 911 and ask for the police. Tell them he has schizophrenia and explain the situation, but let them handle it. Police are trained to evaluate and manage people with psychotic disorders and other types of emotional distress.


Question: What should you do when someone you love has schizophrenia?

Answer: Giving support to a family member or friend with schizophrenia means helping him get the medical and psychological treatment he needs. But it also means taking care of yourself at the same time. Use these 10 ideas to create an action plan that works for both of you. So learn as much as you can. Ask his doctor as many questions as you need, and keep details. In these support groups, he will be among other people with schizophrenia who will share their experiences. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened. Call his doctor to let her know what's going on, as well. If you don't live close by, you can help by staying in touch via telephone, text, email, and mail.


Question: What are precautions for kids who play sports outside in hot weather?

Answer: Slowly increase the intensity and length of workouts over 10 to 14 days. Children and teens who exercise hard or play sports on hot days should cut back their time on the playing field by taking more frequent breaks, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP). Young athletes should be well hydrated before they begin to play. Then, during play, coaches or parents should make sure children drink often -- even if the children aren't thirsty -- about every 20 minutes.


Question: How can you help your child's skin stay healthy and itch-free?

Answer: Try these tips: Dry the drool. Use fragrance- and dye-free cleansers and soaps. can't fight the urge to scratch that itch. Use lukewarm (not hot) water and avoid bubble baths. Keep baths short (3 to 5 minutes). Then use an ointment or cream, and don't be afraid to slather it on. Dress her in soft cotton fabrics. If you see symptoms of a skin infection -- pus or very red, sore, raised, hot, or crusty skin -- call your doctor.


Question: What are the three major types of diabetes?

Answer: If you have this kind, your body can't use the insulin it makes. Gestational diabetes.


Question: What are the main things that lead to type 2 diabetes?

Answer: With all three, your body can't make or use insulin. This type usually starts in childhood. The main things that lead to it are: Obesity or being overweight. Research shows this is a top reason for type 2 diabetes. Because of the rise in obesity among U. S. children, this type is affecting more teenagers. Impaired glucose tolerance. Prediabetes is a milder form of this condition. It can be diagnosed with a simple blood test. If you have it, there's a strong chance you'll get type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes often starts with cells that are resistant to insulin. That means your pancreas has to work extra hard to make enough insulin to meet your body's needs. Ethnic background. Diabetes happens more often in Hispanic/ Latino Americans, African- Americans, Native Americans, Asian- Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Alaska natives. Gestational diabetes. If you had diabetes while you were pregnant, you had gestational diabetes. This raises your chances of getting type 2 diabetes later in life. Sedentary lifestyle. You exercise less than three times a week. Family history. You have a parent or sibling who has diabetes. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) have a higher risk. If you're over 45 and overweight or if you have symptoms of diabetes, talk to your doctor about a simple screening test.


Question: What are the main things that lead to type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Your pancreas stops making insulin. You have type 1 diabetes for life. The main things that lead to it are: Family history. If you have relatives with diabetes, chances are higher that you'll get it, too. Anyone who has a mother, father, sister, or brother with type 1 diabetes should get checked. A simple blood test can diagnose it. Diseases of the pancreas. They can slow its ability to make insulin. Infection or illness. Some infections and illnesses, mostly rare ones, can damage your pancreas. This raises your chances of getting type 2 diabetes later in life.


Question: What are the main risk factors for gestational diabetes?

Answer: The main things that lead to it are: Obesity or being overweight. Gestational diabetes. Having glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes in the past makes you more likely to get it again. Family history. If a parent or sibling has had gestational diabetes, you're more likely to get it. The older you are when you get pregnant, the higher your chances are. Ethnic background. Nonwhite women have a greater chance of developing it.


Question: What are some steps to take to delay or prevent diabetes?

Answer: If you have it, there's a strong chance you'll get type 2 diabetes. Manage your blood pressure. Keep your weight within or near a healthy range. Get 30 minutes of exercise on most days. Eat a balanced diet.


Question: What causes gangrene?

Answer: Not only does it transport oxygen and nutrients throughout your body to feed cells, it delivers disease-fighting antibodies that protect your body from infection. When blood cannot travel freely throughout the body, your cells cannot survive, infection can develop, and tissue can die from gangrene. Believe it or not, maggots still play a role in modern medicine.


Question: What are symptoms of Buergerâs disease?

Answer: It can be intense, and you can get it whether you're active or at rest. You also might notice the pain is worse when you're cold or under stress. You may also notice changes in your hands and feet. They may: Feel cold, numb, or tingly Look pale, red, or blue in color Your fingers and toes might: Get painful, open sores Turn pale when you're cold ( Raynaud's phenomenon) You could also get swelling along a vein just under the skin. This is a type of X-ray that checks for blockages in the blood vessels in your arms and legs.


Question: What causes Buergerâs disease?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes this condition, but almost everyone who gets it has used tobacco products. This includes cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and snuff. While the link between tobacco and Buerger's disease isn't totally clear, your genes might play a role. This means tobacco triggers your immune system to attack your blood vessels like they're bad germs. This is a type of X-ray that checks for blockages in the blood vessels in your arms and legs.


Question: What are treatments for Buergerâs disease?

Answer: For example, peripheral artery disease also causes pain in your legs, but it's caused from plaque in your arteries, not inflammation. But quitting tobacco use is the only way to limit the effects of Buerger's disease. Just a few cigarettes a day can make it worse. If you're having a hard time quitting, your doctor can help find the right program for you.


Question: What's the medical treatment for a stingray sting?

Answer: Get the person out of the water. X-rays and CT scans may be done. A tetanus shot may be administered, if necessary. An antibiotic and pain reliever may be prescribed. Closely watch the wound as it heals for possibility of infection.


Question: How do I know if I have gout?

Answer: That's because some of the signs are like those for other conditions. Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by too much uric acid in the blood. It can form tiny crystals that settle in your joints. An attack often starts with pain in the big toe, but it can spread or involve other joints. It may happen after an illness or injury. Gout usually affects just one joint at a time. But if it isn't treated, other joints may hurt too. Attacks that came from time to time may become constant. But you can feel better sooner if you treat it. To be sure that you have gout, see your doctor.


Question: What other conditions can gout look like?

Answer: An attack often starts with pain in the big toe, but it can spread or involve other joints. Pseudogout ( SUE-doh-gout) is another form arthritis. The crystals formed in this condition are made of calcium pyrophospate, not uric acid. But like regular gout, the attack comes on all of a sudden. Joints become swollen, warm, painful, and stiff. Reactive arthritis is a reaction to infection that has similar signs. Psoriatic arthritis and infectious arthritis can look like gout, too.


Question: How is bipolar disorder different from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Bipolar disorder is a persistent and difficult mental illness. ADHD affects attention and behavior; it causes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While ADHD is chronic or ongoing, bipolar disorder is usually episodic, with periods of normal mood interspersed with depression, mania, or hypomania.


Question: When should you call your doctor about suspected bipolar disorder in children and teens?

Answer: Symptoms of ADHD can have some overlap with symptoms of bipolar disorder. If your child or teenager has five or more symptoms that last for at least a week, call your doctor to get help. With medications and/or psychotherapy, mental health professionals can help stabilize your child's moods. Treatment can also lessen or get rid of the depressed or manic thoughts and behaviors.


Question: What is undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or poorly treated bipolar disorder associated with?

Answer: But the condition is still difficult to diagnose. When it happens in childhood or adolescence, it can completely disrupt a family's life. Bipolar disorder that's undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or poorly treated is linked with: Higher rates of suicide attempts and completions Poorer academic performance Difficult relationships Higher rates of substance abuse Multiple hospitalizations In adults, bipolar disorder is marked by mood changes that go from depression to mania.


Question: Is optic neuritis a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Optic neuritis is one of the most common symptoms of the relapsing-remitting form of MS. But it can also happen when you take certain medications or if you have diabetes.


Question: What are other treatments for optic neuritis?

Answer: In special cases, your doctor may suggest other treatments, such as: Intravenous immune globulin ( IVIG): You may also hear it called plasma exchange. This is a medication made from blood. You get it through a vein in your arm. It's costly, and doctors aren't completely sure that it works. Vitamin B12 shots. It's rare, but optic neuritis can happen when the body has too little of this nutrient. In these cases, doctors can prescribe extra vitamin B12.


Question: What special treatments might my doctor assign for optic neuritis?

Answer: In special cases, your doctor may suggest other treatments, such as: Intravenous immune globulin ( IVIG): You may also hear it called plasma exchange. This is a medication made from blood. You get it through a vein in your arm. It's costly, and doctors aren't completely sure that it works. Vitamin B12 shots. It's rare, but optic neuritis can happen when the body has too little of this nutrient. In these cases, doctors can prescribe extra vitamin B12.


Question: Can optic neuritis return after it goes away?

Answer: You can get this treatment long-term if you have optic neuritis and your brain MRI shows you have lesions. If your symptoms return, be sure to tell your doctor. Report any new symptoms or those that get worse, too.


Question: How common is optic neuritis?

Answer: It can happen all of a sudden. Optic neuritis is one of the most common symptoms of the relapsing-remitting form of MS.


Question: How does optic neuritis affect vision?

Answer: We don't know why, but sometimes your immune system attacks the fatty coating called myelin that covers and protects your optic nerve. When the myelin is damaged or missing, your optic nerve can't send the right signals to your brain. This can lead to changes in your vision. The test measures the speed at which your optic nerve sends signals to your brain.


Question: What is optic neuritis?

Answer: We don't know why, but sometimes your immune system attacks the fatty coating called myelin that covers and protects your optic nerve. When the myelin is damaged or missing, your optic nerve can't send the right signals to your brain. This can lead to changes in your vision. The test measures the speed at which your optic nerve sends signals to your brain.


Question: What are symptoms of iron poisoning?

Answer: People with iron poisoning can have the following symptoms: Severe vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Dehydration and lethargy if not treated adequately In a child, bloody vomit or stool Often, after supportive care, the gastrointestinal symptoms appear to improve within 6 to 24 hours after their onset. The diagnosis of iron poisoning is usually made by observing your child. If your child is diagnosed with iron poisoning, the doctor will first make sure your child is breathing normally.


Question: How can I prevent osteoporosis?

Answer: There are multiple ways you can help protect yourself against osteoporosis, including: Exercise. Supplements. If you think you need to take a supplement to get enough calcium, check with your doctor first. Estrogen. Limit alcohol consumption and do not smoke. You can also eat lactose-free foods high in calcium, such as leafy green vegetables, salmon (with bones), and broccoli.


Question: What is osteoporosis?

Answer: Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, increasing the risk of sudden and unexpected fractures. Many times, osteoporosis is not discovered until weakened bones cause painful fractures usually in the back or hips. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to help prevent osteoporosis from ever occurring. And treatments can slow the rate of bone loss if you already have osteoporosis.


Question: What are some alternatives to hormone therapy for osteoporosis?

Answer: Bisphosphonates are used to prevent and/or treat osteoporosis. This drug is a selective estrogen receptor modulator ( SERM) that has many estrogen-like properties. It may increase the risk of blood clots. Teriparatide ( Forteo) and abaloparatide ( Tymlos), are a type of hormone used to treat osteoporosis. It is used to treat women at high risk of fracture when other osteoporosis drugs have not worked. Most of the bisphosphonates that are taken by mouth as well as raloxifene ( Evista) can be given to help prevent osteoporosis in people who are at high risk for fractures.


Question: How can I manage the serving sizes at restaurants if I have diabetes?

Answer: Two of the best tips you can use at restaurants are to watch the salt and cut the portions. When eating out: Ask for half or smaller portions. Eyeball your appropriate portion, set the rest aside, and ask for a doggie bag right away. If you have dessert, share.


Question: What are the signs of a multiple sclerosis attack?

Answer: These can include: Fatigue Dizziness Problems with balance and coordination Trouble with your vision Issues with your bladder Numb or tingling feelings (pins and needles) Problems with your memory Trouble concentrating It's a relapse if: You'd been free of symptoms for at least 30 days before the ones you're having now started They last at least 24 hours There's no obvious trigger Not every symptom is a sign of a relapse. She'll ask about your symptoms, how long you've had them, if you've been sick, and if you've changed any of your medication.


Question: What are common symptoms of inhibited reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! There are two types of RAD: inhibited and disinhibited. Detached Unresponsive or resistant to comforting Excessively inhibited (holding back emotions) Withdrawn or a mixture of approach and avoidance Indiscriminate sociability Inappropriately familiar or selective in the choice of attachment figures RAD occurs when attachment between a young child and his or her primary caregiver does not occur or is interrupted due to grossly negligent care.


Question: What causes reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! This can occur for many reasons, including: Persistent disregard of the child's emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, and affection Persistent disregard of the child's basic physical needs Repeated changes of primary caregivers that prevent formation of stable attachments (for example, frequent changes in foster care) It is difficult to know exactly how many children have RAD, since many families affected by the disorder never seek help.


Question: How is reactive attachment disorder (RAD) diagnosed?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! If the doctor cannot find a physical cause for the symptoms, he or she will likely refer the child to a child and adolescent psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses in children and teens. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a child for a mental disorder. The doctor bases his or her diagnosis on reports of the child's symptoms, and his or her observation of the child's attitude and behavior.


Question: What are common symptoms with disinhibited reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! There are two types of RAD: inhibited and disinhibited.


Question: How is reactive attachment disorder (RAD) treated?

Answer: Treatment of RAD has two important goals. The first is to ensure that the child is in a safe environment. The second goal is to help the child develop a healthy relationship with an appropriate caregiver. Treatment for RAD often focuses on the caregiver. Counseling may be used to address the issues that are affecting the caregiver's relationship with and behavior toward the child. Teaching parenting skills also can help improve the relationship with the child and help develop attachment. This technique allows the child and the caregiver to express their thoughts, fears, and needs in the safe context of play.


Question: What can you do to keep your eyes healthy and happy?

Answer: Keep your eye closed as much as possible and go to an eye doctor or emergency room immediately. Follow these steps: Give them a break. Replace your mascara often, and never share makeup. Wear wrap-around sunglasses, and use safety glasses if you work with machinery. Keep them moist. Dry eyes are more likely to get inflamed or scarred. Stay away from cigarette smoke. Air conditioning can pull moisture from the air in your house, so run a humidifier if it feels too dry. Ask your doctor if any of your medications might dry out your eyes. Be careful with contacts. Wash your hands before you put in your lenses.


Question: Are your contacts or eye makeup causing irritated eyes?

Answer: Symptoms include pain (which may be worse when you open or shut your eye), redness, watering, and sensitivity to light. Solution: If something feels stuck in your eye, try to wash it out with water. Dry eyes are more likely to get inflamed or scarred.


Question: How much ginger should you take?

Answer: It's been a traditional remedy in many cultures for thousands of years. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to set a standard dose. Ask your doctor for advice.


Question: Can you get ginger naturally from foods?

Answer: The root of the ginger plant is well known as a spice and flavoring. Many people drink ginger teas or soft drinks.


Question: How do antipsychotics work to treat schizophrenia?

Answer: They ease symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Doctors call the older group of medications âfirst-generation,â âtypical,â or âconventionalâ antipsychotics. But it may take up to 4 to 6 weeks before symptoms like hallucinations and delusions get better.


Question: How long does someone need to take medications for schizophrenia?

Answer: If you have a loved one with schizophrenia, you want them to get help as quickly as possible. He can take antipsychotics as a liquid, a pill, or as an injection.


Question: How often should you see your doctor when taking antipsychotics for schizophrenia?

Answer: But you have to be sure your family member takes his medication. And encourage him to talk to his doctor if he has any concerns about side effects.


Question: How is schizophrenia treated?

Answer: But you have to be sure your family member takes his medication. Learn as much as you can about schizophrenia and be part of the decision-making process with your loved one's doctor. Surrounding him with people who care about his well-being is also key.


Question: What conditions can be helped by Reiki?

Answer: But it shouldn't replace any of your regular medical treatments. Reiki may help ease: Pain Sleep problems Nausea Anxiety Depression Tension Afterward, some people have a slower heart rate, lower blood pressure, and a drop in stress hormones. Because of this, Reiki is sometimes used to help conditions like: Cancer Chronic fatigue syndrome Infertility Disorders that affect your brain, like Parkinson's or Huntington's disease There's no typical Reiki session. Or you may not notice anything.


Question: What is in secondhand smoke?

Answer: Secondhand smoke is what you breathe in when people around you smoke cigarettes, cigars, hookahs, or pipes. About 7,330 lung cancer deaths every year result from secondhand smoke. They include poisons, radioactive elements, and metals: Arsenic (a well-known poison) Benzene Beryllium 1,3 Butadiene Cadmium Chromium Ethylene oxide Nickel Polonium Vinyl chloride Formaldehyde Benzo[Î±]pyrene Toluene When you breathe it in, the smoke and its toxic chemicals go deep into your lungs and damage the lining.


Question: What is secondhand smoke?

Answer: But you could still get it if you hang out around people who do smoke. Secondhand smoke is what you breathe in when people around you smoke cigarettes, cigars, hookahs, or pipes. You can also take it in if you ride in a car with someone who's smoking, even if the air conditioner is on or the windows are open.


Question: How can you protect yourself from secondhand smoke?

Answer: The amount from just one cigarette is enough to do you harm. Don't let anyone smoke in your house or car. If a houseguest wants to smoke, ask her to take it outside. Pick smoke-free restaurants, and ask for nonsmoking rooms at hotels and motels.


Question: How does skin changes after cosmetic surgery?

Answer: You also may notice numbness, a tingling sensation, or minimal feeling around your incisions. This is normal. These sensations will continue to improve over the next few months. If you notice any of the following symptoms of infection, it is important that you call your health care provider as soon as possible.


Question: How can you prevent type 2 diabetes in children?

Answer: If she does have diabetes, it may take a few extra steps to find out if it's type 1 or type 2. Reduce calories, unhealthy fats, and sweets in your child's diet. Make sure she gets physical activity each day. Studies show that exercise has a dramatic effect on reducing insulin resistance. These are two important ways to help your child get down to and stay at a healthy weight and normal blood sugar levels.


Question: Can children develop type 2 diabetes?

Answer: It was even called juvenile diabetes for a long time. Now, according to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have this disease. That number includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The same steps used to treat type 2 diabetes in children can also prevent it.


Question: How is depression in women treated during pregnancy?

Answer: Depression is one part of bipolar disorder. Growing evidence suggests that many of the currently available antidepressant medicines, including most SSRIs (except for Paxil), appear to have minimal (if any) risks when treating depression during pregnancy, at least in terms of the potential short-term effects on the baby. Long-term effects continue to be studied. Untreated depression can put both mother and infant at risk. Sometimes, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is used in treatment of severe depression during pregnancy when other treatments have not worked You should discuss the possible risks and benefits of treatment with your doctor.


Question: What is mania?

Answer: Moods in bipolar disorder swing over the course of days or weeks or months from the lows of depression to the highs of mania. Even though mania is an elevated mood, it is serious and needs medical assessment and treatment. Depression is one part of bipolar disorder. The factors which increase the risk of depression in women during pregnancy are: A history of depression or PMDD Age at time of pregnancy -- the younger you are, the higher the risk Living alone Limited social support Marital conflict Uncertainty about the pregnancy The potential impact of depression on a pregnancy includes the following: Depression can interfere with a woman's ability to care for herself during pregnancy.


Question: What's the difference between arthritis and osteoarthritis?

Answer: Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common type of arthritis. It is associated with a breakdown of cartilage in joints and commonly occurs in the hips, knees, and spine. It also often affects the finger joints, the joint at the base of the thumb, and the joint at the base of the big toe. Cartilage is a firm, rubbery material that covers the ends of bones in normal joints ( See Figure 1).


Question: Can glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate help with osteoarthritis?

Answer: Surgery may help relieve osteoarthritis pain when other treatment options have not been effective. Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are components of normal cartilage. The supplements are well-tolerated and safe. Because these supplements stimulate the production of new cartilage components, it is thought that they may be able to help the body repair cartilage damaged by osteoarthritis. To date, there has not been any convincing proof in humans that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates can help rebuild cartilage or prevent damage to cartilage.


Question: How effective are alternative treatments for acne?

Answer: People with acne often turn to complementary or alternative treatments. But the American Academy of Dermatology ( AAD) says that "all-natural supplements" have not been shown to be effective, and some may even be harmful. For example, the group cites an over-the-counter ( OTC) acne supplement that contained more than 200 times the amount of selenium stated on the label. Alternative acne treatments haven't been well-studied. Conventional acne treatments don't always work for everyone.


Question: How can staying optimistic help you age well?

Answer: People with a rosier outlook live longer and have fewer heart attacks and depression than more negative people. Positive emotions may even lower virus counts in people with HIV. You can learn to be optimistic. It can help lower stress. Reframe. Spin your thoughts to the good things instead of dwelling on the bad. Keep a gratitude journal. Do good things for others.


Question: How can staying connected help you age well?

Answer: If you feel lonely -- whether you live alone or with someone, have lots of friends or none -- you are more likely to get dementia or depression. Just connect. That can help keep your body clock in sync so you get the sleep you need.


Question: How can sticking to sleep help you age well?

Answer: Aim for 30 minutes every day. It also helps: Control your weight Boost your mood Keep bones and muscles strong Helps you sleep better Makes you less likely to get heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol Loneliness is harmful to your health. Do volunteer work or simply help someone in need. It also helps you avoid constipation, which is more common in older adults. It just takes time and practice. Spin your thoughts to the good things instead of dwelling on the bad. Ask your doctor if any of your meds might be keeping you awake.


Question: How are problems with executive function diagnosed?

Answer: Many ADHD symptoms are problems with executive function. Experts rely on different tests to measure specific skills related to executive function. Problems seen on these tests can't predict how well adults or children will do in real life. Sometimes, watching them and trying different things are better ways to improve weak executive function.


Question: How can you better manage space and keep things from getting lost if you have problems with executive function?

Answer: Sometimes, watching them and trying different things are better ways to improve weak executive function. Organize the workspace. Cut clutter. Schedule a weekly time to clean and organize the workspace.


Question: How can problems with executive function be managed?

Answer: Many ADHD symptoms are problems with executive function. An injury to the front of the brain can harm your ability to stay on task.


Question: What are some tips for managing problems with executive function?

Answer: That's where executive function can step in. Rely on visual aids to get organized. Use tools like time organizers, computers, or watches with alarms. Make schedules, and look at them several times a day. Ask for written and oral instructions whenever possible. Plan for transition times and shifts in activities.


Question: What foods should you focus on if you have diabetes?

Answer: When you build your diet, four key things to focus on are carbs, fiber, fat, and salt. Diabetes makes you more likely to get heart disease.


Question: How does fiber help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Counting grams of carbohydrate, and splitting them evenly between meals, will help you control your blood sugar. People who eat high-fiber diets tend to be less likely to get high blood pressure and heart disease. So focus on these foods: Fresh fruits and vegetables Cooked dried beans and peas Whole-grain breads, cereals, and crackers Brown rice Bran foods It's best to get fiber from food. For favorite recipes, you may need to use other ingredients and cut out or use less salt.


Question: How does your brain change if you have schizophrenia?

Answer: Scientists are looking at possible differences in brain structure and function in people with and people without schizophrenia. In people with schizophrenia, they found: Spaces in the brain, called ventricles, were larger. Studies of brain tissue in people with schizophrenia after death even show that their brain structure is often different than it was at birth.


Question: What are the three ways to protect your joints if you have psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Get out there. You can work out on your own or with the help of a physical therapist. Also, try to be active throughout your day. Just look for ways to do them that take the stress off your joints. The way you walk, sit, stand, or hold things can help. Make these three things a habit: 1. Pace yourself. Switch between heavy, hard, or repetitive tasks and light or easy tasks. Make sure you take breaks. Use larger, stronger joints when you can, instead of smaller ones. For example, wear a shoulder bag rather than a handheld purse.


Question: How can you ease psoriatic and arthritis symptoms?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you exactly what you need to do. When you make exercise a habit, you can: Ease arthritis symptoms.


Question: How can you protect your joints if you have psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you exactly what you need to do. You can work out on your own or with the help of a physical therapist. The water takes some of the weight off your joints, so it may be easier for you to do well. Also, try to be active throughout your day. Sit and stand up straight, and don't arch your back. Good posture helps you feel better.


Question: What is a laparoscopic retopubic suspension surgery for bladder suspension?

Answer: Bladder suspension surgical techniques include: Open retropubic suspension surgery Laparoscopic retropubic suspension surgery Needle bladder neck suspension surgery Open retropubic suspension surgery involves pulling up the bladder neck and sewing it to the surrounding bone or tissue with sutures. It uses a smaller incision than the open procedure. You and your doctor will discuss which procedure is best for you.


Question: What  complications can there be from retropubic suspension surgery?

Answer: The most common complication after any type of retropubic suspension surgery is trouble urinating. Less than 5% of patients have permanent urinary retention. This may require urinary catheterization from time to time but rarely requires surgery. Other complications associated with retropubic suspension surgery are rare but may include: Abscess Bladder spasms Bleeding Blood clots Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Overactive bladder Reactions to anesthesia Vaginal prolapse Complications associated with sling surgery may include: Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Man-made sling material may wear away, leading to infection or reduced effectiveness Reactions to anesthesia Overactive bladder Trouble urinating after the procedure Painful intercourse Pelvic or groin pain Bladder suspension surgery works well to treat stress incontinence in most cases. Success rates also drop as the number of bladder suspension surgeries you have go up.


Question: What restrictions will I have after bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: For example, bladder suspension surgery may be an option if you develop stress incontinence because of: Childbirth Menopause Problems with the muscles in the bladder and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body) Surgery Before considering bladder suspension surgery, make sure your symptoms are actually brought on by stress incontinence. For example: Do not use tampons or douches for 6 weeks Avoid intercourse for 6 weeks Do not strain during bowel movements Avoid strenuous exercise Do not do any heavy lifting Remember, the most common reason surgery fails to improve symptoms is an incorrect diagnosis. That means, if you still have urinary leakage when you cough and sneeze after bladder suspension surgery, be sure to tell your doctor.


Question: How well does bladder suspension surgery work?

Answer: Bladder suspension surgery only helps treat stress incontinence. Symptoms can return over time, usually after five years. Success rates also drop as the number of bladder suspension surgeries you have go up. How successful the surgery is for you depends on: Activities after surgery How long you have had stress incontinence Other surgeries and medical conditions you may have Your age Your weight The following can make bladder suspension surgery less effective: A chronic cough Low estrogen levels Obesity Older age Diabetes Poor nutrition Radiation therapy Strenuous activity Reasons the surgery may not work may include: You have a different type of incontinence (such as urge incontinence) Problems with healing Obesity The surgical technique used How fast you recover depends on the specific procedure.


Question: What is bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: Bladder suspension refers to surgery that helps place a sagging bladder back into its normal position. Bladder suspension (or bladder neck suspension) surgery is a procedure that can be used to treat urine leakage that occurs when a person sneezes, laughs, or coughs -- a condition called stress incontinence. Childbirth, as well as hormonal changes that come with menopause, can cause a woman to lose muscle tone along the pelvic floor. That can lead to stress incontinence.


Question: Are there different types of bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: Is this type of surgery right for you? Bladder suspension surgical techniques include: Open retropubic suspension surgery Laparoscopic retropubic suspension surgery Needle bladder neck suspension surgery Open retropubic suspension surgery involves pulling up the bladder neck and sewing it to the surrounding bone or tissue with sutures.


Question: Which parts of the body are affected by rosacea?

Answer: Rosacea is a common disorder that mainly affects skin on the face. It causes redness on the nose, chin, cheeks, and forehead. In some cases, rosacea appears on the chest, back, or neck. It can affect the eyes, causing them to feel irritated and to appear bloodshot or watery.


Question: Should I exercise with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Sports are not off-limits, either, but ask your doctor which are best for you. The doctor may have suggestions about how to get started or may refer you to a physical therapist, preferably one who has experience working with people who have arthritis. The therapist will design an appropriate home exercise program and teach you about pain relief methods, proper body mechanics (placement of the body for a given task, such as lifting a heavy box), joint protection, and conserving energy. Stretch and warm up with range-of-motion exercises. Choose the exercise program you enjoy most and make it a habit.


Question: Does organ transplant rejection mean I'm going to lose the organ?

Answer: If you're living with a transplant, "rejection" is a word that can send shivers up your spine. But organ rejection is often not as bad as it sounds. Once you've established a new medication regimen that works, you can usually go back to business as usual. But that doesn't mean you can ignore the problem. Be on the lookout for the signs of rejection.


Question: Should I be worried if my child is acting up or has trouble paying attention?

Answer: At some point during childhood, most kids act up and have trouble paying attention. She'll want to wait to make a firm diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder until your child's behavior is more extreme than what is age-appropriate. But without the right treatment, it can become more serious.


Question: Does oppositional defiant disorder go away?

Answer: Two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in kids are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD). But without the right treatment, it can become more serious. That's why it's important for your doctor to screen your child for both ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, as well as all the other conditions that could go along with them.


Question: What is self-injury?

Answer: Usually, self-injury leaves marks or causes tissue damage. Self-injury can involve any of the following behaviors: Cutting Burning (or "branding" with hot objects) Picking at skin or re-opening wounds Hair-pulling (trichotillomania) Head-banging Hitting (with hammer or other object) Bone-breaking Most who engage in self-injury act alone rather than in groups. It also is important to identify whether self-injury is one symptom of a particular personality disorder that needs to be treated.


Question: What do the fecal occult blood test results mean?

Answer: The fecal occult blood test requires the collection of 3 small stool samples. A positive fecal occult blood test means that blood has been found in the stool. Your doctor will have to determine the source of the bleeding, either by doing a colonoscopy or by doing an examination to determine if the bleeding is coming from the stomach or small intestine. A negative test result means that no blood was found in the stool sample during the testing period. You should continue to follow your doctor's recommendations for regular screening.


Question: What are the most common causes of intellectual disability (ID)?

Answer: However, a specific cause for intellectual disability can only be pinpointed about a third of the time. The most common causes of intellectual disability are: Genetic conditions. Things that can interfere with fetal brain development include alcohol or drug use, malnutrition, certain infections, or preeclampsia. Problems during childbirth. Intellectual disability may result if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born extremely premature. Illness or injury. Infections like meningitis, whooping cough, or the measles can lead to intellectual disability.


Question: What can I do to help my child with intellectual disability (ID)?

Answer: Steps to help your intellectually disabled child include: Learn everything you can about intellectual disabilities. Let your child try new things and encourage your child to do things by himself or herself. Provide guidance when it's needed and give positive feedback when your child does something well or masters something new. Get your child involved in group activities. Taking an art class or participating in Scouts will help your child build social skills. Stay involved. By keeping in touch with your child's teachers, you'll be able to follow his or her progress and reinforce what your child is learning at school through practice at home. Get to know other parents of intellectually disabled children. They can be a great source of advice and emotional support.


Question: What is intellectual disability (ID)?

Answer: People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild to profound. These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself.


Question: What limitations does a person with intellectual disability (ID) have?

Answer: Intellectual disability ( ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. These areas are: Intellectual functioning. Also known as IQ, this refers to a person's ability to learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems. Adaptive behaviors. These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself.


Question: How can a specialist measure a child's adaptive behaviors to determine if he/she has intellectual disability (ID)?

Answer: Adaptive behaviors. To measure a child's adaptive behaviors, a specialist will observe the child's skills and compare them to other children of the same age. Things that may be observed include how well the child can feed or dress himself or herself; how well the child is able to communicate with and understand others; and how the child interacts with family, friends, and other children of the same age.