Question: What are symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: But if you do have symptoms, they are likely not severe. They include: Muscles that feel weaker than usual Fatigue and wanting to sleep more Pain in your joints and bones Depression But if you have a more severe form of primary hyperparathyroidism and your calcium levels rise, your symptoms also could include: Being constipated Feeling nauseated Throwing up Not feeling hungry Feeling confused or forgetting things You're more thirsty than usual You pee more often than normal You have pain on one side of your lower abdomen (if you have kidney stones) Your doctor will make the diagnosis based on blood tests. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome symptoms, you'll need surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands.


Question: What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Answer: You may not have symptoms, and you may not need treatment. Most of the time, BV doesn't cause any other health problems. If your lactobacillus levels drop, more bad bacteria move in, and you get BV. If you have BV when you get a hysterectomy or other surgery on your female organs, you're more likely to come down with a bacterial infection afterward.


Question: How is bacterial vaginosis (BV) treated?

Answer: You may not have symptoms, and you may not need treatment. Your BV may go away on its own. When you do have symptoms, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics to get rid of your infection. This could be a tablet you take by mouth or a cream or gel you apply to your vagina. You'll need to take most treatments for 5 to 7 days. And you should finish all of your medicine, even if your symptoms go away. If you stop early, your infection could come back. Since BV could be spread through sex, avoid all sexual contact until you're better. If your partner is another woman, she may want to see her doctor so she can be treated, too. If you use an IUD and BV keeps coming back (recurrent BV), you may want to talk to your doctor about a different type of birth control instead. Even after BV is treated and goes away, it's common for it to return. If that happens, you'll probably need to take antibiotics again for a longer time.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis flare-ups be treated?

Answer: Even so, let your doctor know what's going on. Treating symptoms can shorten your flare-ups and help you recover faster. The goal is to bring down the inflammation that caused your symptoms. Your doctor will likely prescribe a steroid drug. Steroids curb inflammation and can help you get over a relapse faster. If you had a lot of nerve damage, some symptoms might not fully go away.


Question: How does relaxing prevent multiple sclerosis flare-ups?

Answer: Chill out with meditation, yoga, or anything else that's good for you and helps you unwind. Some people can't take steroids.


Question: What is the Insanity workout program?

Answer: You exercise right at home, using your own body weight for resistance. The program is based on a fitness method called "max interval training." In traditional interval training, you exercise at a very intense pace for a short period of time, and then rest for longer periods in between. The idea is to increase your aerobic fitness level while burning fat. No.


Question: How can sounds that soothes help comfort your crying baby?

Answer: In the womb, she got used to hearing a heartbeat. Try out different background sounds, like a white noise machine, a recorded heartbeat, the shower, or household appliances like dishwashers or washing machines. If the sound really seems to work, record it so you can play it when your baby is upset. Babies also respond to familiar voices. Sing your baby a gentle lullaby or quietly hum while you hold her, or as she lies on your chest. Shhhing" sounds Swinging Sucking (feed her, or give her a pacifier) No matter which technique you try, remember that your baby is more likely to stop crying if you remain calm.


Question: How can you prevent dry skin if you have diabetes?

Answer: Keep your skin -- especially at armpits, toes, and groin -- clean and dry, but not too dry. Take short, lukewarm showers or baths and use mild soaps and shampoos when you wash. The best time is right after a shower or bath, when it's still moist. Dry well by patting gently. Don't rub. Focus on underarms, between legs, under breasts, and between toes.


Question: How does controlling your diabetes help with the disease?

Answer: Diabetes makes you more likely to get a wide range of skin problems. Strive for a healthy weight, eat right, cut back on salt, maintain a healthy blood pressure, and exercise. That's a tall order, but talk to your health care team for support. If you have diabetic nerve damage, which is called neuropathy, you could have an infected cut, scratch, or skin puncture and not know it.


Question: Is uveitis more common in some children than in others?

Answer: Juvenile arthritis, also called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or childhood arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis to affect children. A child with this type of juvenile arthritis might need to get her eyes checked every 3 to 4 months. In general, children with polyarthritis need an eye exam every 6 months. Children with systemic juvenile arthritis usually need an examination every 12 months.


Question: How will the ophthalmologist diagnose inflammation of my child's eye?

Answer: The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea. The drops may burn a little, but it helps the doctor get a clear view inside the eyes.


Question: What is juvenile arthritis?

Answer: It's can affect many parts of the body, including the eyes. The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea.


Question: What are chronic migraines?

Answer: But if you have the condition chronic migraine, you get headaches much more often -- at least 15 days a month. These frequent and severe attacks can make living a normal life a challenge. Most people who get chronic migraines are women.


Question: What are signs of neglect in relation to elder abuse?

Answer: He might: Act withdrawn or frightened Have changes in his behavior that you can't explain Rock back and forth, suck, or mumble to himself Be depressed, confused, or lose interest in things he enjoyed Have trouble sleeping Financial abuse is when an older person's money or property are threatened. He loses weight suddenly or isn't hungry anymore. Bedsores Missing or broken dentures, eyeglasses, hearing aids, or walkers If you see any of these signs in a loved one, friend, or neighbor, speak up right away. If he tells you someone's hurting him or you suspect he's in immediate danger, call 911.


Question: Will dietary supplements help calm my symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Often you're taught ways to help you relax. There's evidence that two may calm your symptoms: Peppermint oil. Look for enteric-coated capsules. They dissolve in the intestines instead of in the stomach. They're live microscopic organisms like those that live in your digestive tract. Some probiotics may improve belly pain, bloating, and gas. Talk to your doctor if you want to give it a try. Also tell your doctor if you want to take any supplement.


Question: What is a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) scan?

Answer: DXA scanning focuses on two main areas -- the hip and the spine. If you can't test those, you can get a DXA scan on your forearm. It shows how much higher or lower your bone density is than that of a healthy 30-year-old, the age when bones are at their strongest.


Question: What happens during a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) scan?

Answer: Unlike some other types of tests, like MRIs or CT scans, you won't have to lie inside a closed tunnel or ring. Instead, you'll lie on an open X-ray table and try to stay still as the scanner passes over your body. When the test is over, you'll be able to go home. The machine measures the amount of X-rays that pass through the bone from each beam.


Question: What can you do to relieve shingles symptoms?

Answer: You can't make an outbreak of shingles go away any faster, but you can do a lot of things on your own to make yourself more comfortable. Calamine lotion: Treat your skin with this smooth, cool, and soothing balm.


Question: What are the symptoms of a tension headache?

Answer: An episodic tension headache may be described as a mild to moderate constant band-like pain, tightness, or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck. Other features of tension headaches may include: Headache upon awakening General muscle aches Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep Chronic fatigue Irritability Disturbed concentration Mild sensitivity to light or noise Occasional dizziness Treatment for this type of headache usually includes nonprescription pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen.


Question: How can calcium and vitamin D help osteoporosis?

Answer: Food sources of calcium include nonfat milk, low-fat yogurt, plant-based milks or orange juices that are fortified with calcium, broccoli, cauliflower, salmon, tofu, and leafy green vegetables. Get 1,000 milligrams of calcium each day if you're age 19-50. You need 1,200 milligrams per day if you're a woman age 51 or older, or a man age 71 and older. It's best to get your calcium from foods. If you want to take supplements, talk to your doctor first. She can check that it won't make it harder for your body to use any other medicines you take. Your doctor can also tell you if you need to take calcium supplements at a different time than your other medications. To help the body absorb calcium from either food or supplements, doctors recommend vitamin D. Get 600 international units ( IU) per day up to age 71, and then bump it up to 800 IU daily. You can get vitamin D from fortified foods and also from sunshine. But it gets harder to make vitamin D as you get older and during winter. Supplements help. Just don't take too much, or it could cause health problems. If you're very low on vitamin D, your doctor may give you a prescription for it. There are some other easy ways to get more calcium at home. For instance, you can add nonfat dry milk to everyday foods and beverages, including soups, stews, and casseroles. Each cup of dry milk adds about a third of the calcium you need each day. When you do this regularly, this helps your bone density, so your bones are stronger.


Question: What is Chagas disease?

Answer: A parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi) causes it. The disease infects up to 8 million people, mostly in Latin America. But cases recently started popping up in Texas. It can stay dormant for years or even decades.


Question: How is cryotherapy used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Cryotherapy. If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.


Question: What is the best treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer: Others grow faster and spread to different places in your body. In either case, you and your doctor will work together to decide what's best for you. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.


Question: How does high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for prostate cancer work?

Answer: It's hard to say for sure how well it works. High-intensity focused ultrasound.


Question: What should you know about surgery to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.


Question: What vaccines target genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: Two of these strains, HPV-16 and HPV-18, account for about 70% of cervical cancers. The other two strains covered by the vaccine, HPV- 6 and HPV-11, account for about 90% of genital warts. The vaccine is approved for 9- to 26-year-old females and males. It also protects against five other strains of HPV virus (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). Cervarix is given only to females and also protects against HPV-16 and HPV-18.


Question: Is Gardasil-9 more effective than Gardasil in preventing genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: If you have genital warts: Keep the area as dry as possible. Gardasil protects against infection from four strains of the HPV virus and offers modest protection against genital warts. It is 90% effective in protecting against cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers in females, and anal cancer in females and males as well as protecting against genital warts.


Question: What causes genital warts?

Answer: Those that show up in the genital area are caused by the human papillomavirus, commonly called HPV, and are easily transmitted by sexual contact. In women, warts can develop on the outside and inside of the vagina, on the cervix (the opening to the uterus), or around the anus.


Question: What lung diseases that affect the alveoli?

Answer: The airways eventually branch into tiny tubes (bronchioles) that dead-end into clusters of air sacs called alveoli. These air sacs make up most of the lung tissue. Lung diseases affecting the alveoli include: Pneumonia: An infection of the alveoli, usually by bacteria. Acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS): Severe, sudden injury to the lungs caused by a serious illness. Pneumoconiosis: A category of conditions caused by the inhalation of a substance that injures the lungs.


Question: How do lung diseases affect the blood vessels?

Answer: The right side of the heart receives low-oxygen blood from the veins. It pumps blood into the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. These blood vessels can suffer from disease, as well. This can cause shortness of breath and chest pain. When no cause is identified, the condition is called idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.


Question: How is a lung injury treated?

Answer: If you have mild lung injuries, you may receive oxygen through a mask or through a tube called a nasal cannula. If your injuries are more serious, you'll need a breathing machine to force air into the lungs and push fluid out. You may receive medication for pain, infections, clots or gastric reflux.


Question: What causes folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: This is the case for most people. You might not be eating enough foods like leafy green vegetables, beans, citrus fruits, or whole grains. You drink a lot of alcohol. Over time, this makes it harder for your intestines to absorb folate. You have stomach problems. When your small intestine isn't working the way it should, your body has a hard time hanging on to as much folate as it needs. For instance, people with celiac disease are at risk for this type of anemia. People with cancer are, as well. You're pregnant. A growing baby absorbs lots of folic acid from its mother. A medication you're taking is keeping your body from absorbing folate. This is the case with many medicines, such as phenytoin ( Dilantin), methotrexate, sulfasalazine, triamterene, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and barbiturates. You were born with it. Problems absorbing enough folic acid can run in families. Infants with this problem need treatment right away to avoid long-term problems. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption.


Question: When should you call the doctor about folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: People with cancer are, as well. Your fetus could die.


Question: How are sexual problems with depression or with antidepressants treated?

Answer: Sexual problems with antidepressants may include: Inability to initiate or enjoy sex Erectile dysfunction ( ED) or delayed ejaculation for men Decreased sexual desire Inability to achieve an orgasm If you have depression and are noticing a reduced interest in sex or problems with sexual functioning, it is important for you and your doctor to figure out if the cause of sexual dysfunction is the depression, the antidepressant you may be taking, or some other medical explanation. Your doctor might try newer antidepressants that may not dampen the libido or sexual response, or he may prescribe another medication to try to counteract sexual side effects, which can be taken in tandem with the antidepressant. Talk openly with both your partner and your doctor.


Question: What can I do to help treat dry mouth?

Answer: You can also try these other steps, which may help improve saliva flow: Suck on sugar-free candy or chew sugar-free gum, specifically ones with xylitol. Brush with a fluoride toothpaste, use a fluoride rinse, and visit your dentist regularly. Breathe through your nose, not your mouth, as much as possible. Use a room vaporizer to add moisture to the bedroom air. Use an over-the-counter artificial saliva substitute.


Question: How can age affect your risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: All men are at risk of having prostate cancer. The thing that raises your odds of having prostate cancer the most is age. If you're white and have no family history, your odds go up sharply at 50. But the older you are, the less aggressive the disease is, especially after 70.


Question: What is gluten and what foods have it?

Answer: When following this strict elimination diet, all foods containing gluten ( found in wheat, barley and rye) and casein ( found in milk and dairy products) are removed from the child's daily food intake. A huge number of foods contain gluten. Gluten provides structure or binding to baked products. While it's quite difficult to avoid gluten, many stores, particularly natural food stores, display foods in a gluten-free area of the store. Still, it's important to read nutrition labels to see if there are additives containing gluten. When someone is on a gluten-free diet, most bread and grain products are forbidden. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the child (or other person) receives ample fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Supplementation can help make up for the lack of these nutrients when foods containing gluten are eliminated.


Question: How often can you get spinal headaches?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare. The odds are usually low after an epidural, too, unless the needle accidentally punctures the dura mater, a tough membrane that covers your spinal cord.


Question: What are the symptoms of spinal headaches?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.


Question: Are spinal headaches after a spinal tap common?

Answer: During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare.


Question: How is trichomoniasis treated?

Answer: Trichomoniasis occasionally shows up on Pap tests in women with no symptoms. Partners should also avoid intercourse until one week after the last dose of antibiotic. Your partner should also be treated to reduce risk of reinfection.


Question: How do I know if I am becoming depressed by my heart failure, and what can I do?

Answer: Focus on what you can do. Don't ignore it. Watch out for the signs so you can get treated. Along with sadness, you might have: Fatigue Lack of energy Appetite loss Feelings of emptiness Loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed Trouble sleeping, or sleeping too much If these symptoms last for more than two weeks, discuss them with your doctor, a psychologist, or a therapist. The doctor might recommend treatments such as counseling or talk therapy, an antidepressant, or both.


Question: Can exercise help you deal with your emotions?

Answer: When you're diagnosed with a long-term disease like heart failure, it's normal to feel a lot of different emotions, including: Fear about the future Worry you'll lose control over your health Anger that you have heart failure, or that it interferes with your life Stress over your ability to manage your condition Loneliness because you worry other people don't understand what you're going through If you have these feelings and let them build up, it could make matters worse. Exercise.


Question: Can keeping a positive outlook help with heart failure?

Answer: Research shows people with positive outlooks are more likely to take their medicine. They also stick to heart-healthy habits like eating nutritious food and exercise. Managing your emotions is one way to gain more control so you can start to feel better. Try to find the hope in your situation. Focus on what you can do. Set goals and work toward them to give yourself a sense of purpose.


Question: How can you soothe your baby with colic?

Answer: The combined warmth and rhythm may lull her to sleep. Hold and rock him or put him in a swing or stroller. Use sound to calm your baby. Fan Vacuum White-noise machine You could also try classical music or a "heartbeat soundtrack" next to the crib. It's best not to use these. When no one is around to help, it's OK to leave your baby in the crib or playpen and go into another room briefly until you regroup.


Question: What are some feeding tips to help with colic?

Answer: Some parents worry that what they feed their baby or what they eat if they are breastfeeding can upset him. Generally it's not a cause of colic, but it can cause irritation. If you think it might be the cause of your baby's crying, talk to his pediatrician. Help him swallow less air. Try a special bottle designed to reduce gas or a nipple with a smaller hole. Sit him up while he eats so he swallows less air. Remember to burp him during and after feedings. It's a big choking hazard, and it is not proven to work.


Question: What are other colic remedies?

Answer: You may have heard that some home remedies can relieve colic. Most aren't proven and they could hurt your baby. Always talk with your child's pediatrician before trying something new. These are things you may have heard about. It's a big choking hazard, and it is not proven to work. Herbal remedies such as chamomile, or gripe water. It's best not to use these. The FDA doesn't regulate over-the-counter remedies. You can't be sure what they are made of, and ingredients aren't always labeled. Some can have things in them that are very bad for your baby, like alcohol or opiates. Babies can also have allergic reactions to them. They're also not proven to work. Simethicone gas drops. These can be OK to try. But will they work? They may or may not help. When no one is around to help, it's OK to leave your baby in the crib or playpen and go into another room briefly until you regroup.


Question: What are the early symptoms of heart failure in dogs?

Answer: That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. It can progress slowly and may take years to spot. Take notice of these early symptoms of heart problems: Coughing more than usual (during or after exercise or a few hours before bedtime) Having a hard time breathing or exercising Tiring easily Pacing before bedtime and having a hard time settling down Increased respiratory rate -- how many breaths per minute More symptoms may develop, as the disease gets worse, including: A swollen belly from fluid buildup in (called ascites) Fainting because of blocked blood flow to the brain Change in tongue or gum color to bluish gray because of poor oxygen flow Weight loss as your dog loses her ability to store healthy fat Your vet will want to know any symptoms you've noticed.


Question: What treatments can help my dog with congestive heart failure?

Answer: That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. Your dog's treatment depends on what specific heart problem she has and what may be causing it. Your vet may recommend one or more of the following: Medications to help the heart work and correct irregular heartbeats Medications to slow fluid build-up in the lungs Surgery to correct a torn valve or to insert a pacemaker to correct the heart beat A commercial or prescription low-salt diet to help decrease fluid build-up in your dog's body Limited activity or exercise to manage weight without putting too much strain on your dog's heart Your vet may also recommend supplements.


Question: How is congestive heart failure in dogs diagnosed?

Answer: That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. He or she will want to know what she eats, what medications and supplements she may be taking, and if she is current on heartworm protection. The vet will listen to your dog's chest and may want to run some tests, including: A blood and urine test to check for any other problems that could be affecting your dog's heart. Ultrasound uses sound waves to look at the size, shape, and movement of the heart. This is taped to your dog’s chest and worn for 24-48 hours to capture heart rhythms and rate.


Question: How do supplements help in treating congestive heart failure in dogs?

Answer: That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. Dogs with congestive heart failure may benefit from vitamin B supplements, taurine (an amino acid that supports brain development), or carnitine (an amino acid that helps turn fat into energy). Antioxidants like Coenzyme Q and vitamin E may also help. Make sure to bring your dog for regular visits with your vet and stick with your treatment plan.


Question: What are the symptoms that you may see as your dog's congestive heart failure gets worse?

Answer: That's when your dog's heart has trouble pumping blood to the rest of its body. It can progress slowly and may take years to spot. Take notice of these early symptoms of heart problems: Coughing more than usual (during or after exercise or a few hours before bedtime) Having a hard time breathing or exercising Tiring easily Pacing before bedtime and having a hard time settling down Increased respiratory rate -- how many breaths per minute More symptoms may develop, as the disease gets worse, including: A swollen belly from fluid buildup in (called ascites) Fainting because of blocked blood flow to the brain Change in tongue or gum color to bluish gray because of poor oxygen flow Weight loss as your dog loses her ability to store healthy fat Your vet will want to know any symptoms you've noticed.


Question: When should you get medical help for depression?

Answer: Although very common, depression is often ignored or misdiagnosed and left untreated. Such inattention can be life-threatening; major depression, in particular, has a high suicide rate. If you or a loved one have symptoms of depression, seek help from a qualified health care provider. But if your symptoms get significantly worse or do not improve within four to eight weeks of treatment, ask your health care provider for a referral to a psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment. Clearly, for more severe symptoms -- and always if you have thoughts about death or hurting yourself or someone else -- you should see a psychiatrist as soon as possible. Psychotherapy is an important part of treatment for depression.


Question: Can St. John's Wort treat depression?

Answer: However, to date, studies have not found r TMS to be as effective as ECT. Several studies show that the herb St. John's Wort is as successful at improving symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression as prescription medications, often with fewer side effects. Although it is considered safe, St. John's Wort can be potentially dangerous if taken with other antidepressants (especially SSRIs), including certain medications used for treating HIV, cyclosporine, a drug used in organ transplant patients, or anticoagulant drugs.


Question: How can teachers and schools help kids with dysgraphia?

Answer: Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Talk to your child's teacher about her condition and needs at school. Some things you might ask for include: Shorter writing assignments or different questions from her classmates Use of a computer to type instead of write Copies of the class notes to limit writing work Use of a voice-to-dictation machine or another electronic note taker An option to record the teacher's lectures Video or audio reports instead of written homework assignments Oral instead of written exams


Question: What do doctors examine to diagnose dysgraphia?

Answer: They also tend to write or copy things slowly. The specialist will look at his: Finished work Hand and body position Pencil grip Posture Writing process There's no cure for dysgraphia.


Question: How can I help my child with dysgraphia?

Answer: Here are some things you can try: Have your child use wide-ruled paper, graph paper, or paper with raised lines to help with letter and word alignment. Try pencil grips or other writing aids for comfort. Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Teach her ways to relieve stress before writing. For example, have her shake or rub her hands together quickly.


Question: When will your doctor use blood test to diagnose allergy?

Answer: The most common way to test for allergies is with a skin test. Your doctor will give you very small amounts of the food you may be allergic to and watch for symptoms.


Question: What is the most common way to test for allergies?

Answer: That's because it gives the fastest, most accurate results. The one doctors use most often is called a scratch test. A doctor or nurse will put a tiny drop of an allergen on your skin, usually on the inside of your arm or on your back. Next, she'll prick your skin or make a small scratch on the surface to let the allergen get underneath it. It usually takes about 15 minutes to find out. If they do, there's a good chance you're allergic to those foods.


Question: What are the best ways to prevent skin cancer?

Answer: Both require light anesthesia. Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. These drugs are given by IV infusion every 2 â 3 weeks. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun. Avoid using skin lotions unless approved by your doctor.


Question: Are stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. This type of therapy may be used to treat localized recurrent tumors as well.


Question: If a biopsy confirms the presence of a melanoma, what further tests can determine the spread of the disease?

Answer: If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. This is uncommon.


Question: Are the number of skin cancer cases increasing in the United States?

Answer: A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs.


Question: What are the basic things we should know about skin cancer?

Answer: A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Non-small-cell lung cancers that cannot be treated surgically are usually treated with radiation therapy, usually in combination with chemotherapy. Patients whose cancers have metastasized, or spread to distant parts of the body, are usually treated with either chemotherapy or radiation therapy.


Question: Is radiation therapy used to treat skin cancer?

Answer: Once a malignant tumor begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Non-small-cell lung cancers that cannot be treated surgically are usually treated with radiation therapy, usually in combination with chemotherapy. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied. Gefitinib ( Iressa) has been most recently approved as a first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC and offers another targeted therapy for tumors with specific EGFR mutations. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun.


Question: How do lung tumors start?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. Because of its tendency to spread extensively, small-cell lung cancer is typically treated with combination chemotherapy -- the use of more than one drug -- often in conjunction with radiation therapy.


Question: When should I seek medical care for skin cancer?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.


Question: How is skin cancer treated?

Answer: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Radiation therapy may be necessary to kill remaining cancer cells, but it is usually delayed for at least a month while the surgical wound heals. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.


Question: How is skin cancer treated at home?

Answer: Both require light anesthesia. The challenge comes in detecting lung cancer early enough to make surgery possible. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.


Question: How is malignant melanoma skin cancer treated?

Answer: Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells, using a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, which requires general anesthesia, and involves having a small cut made in the front of the neck to pass a hollow, lighted tube into the chest to take biopsies. Endobronchial ultrasound and endoscopic esophageal ultrasound are two other ways to biopsy lymph nodes to test for cancer cells. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Because of its tendency to spread extensively, small-cell lung cancer is typically treated with combination chemotherapy -- the use of more than one drug -- often in conjunction with radiation therapy.


Question: What tests can diagnose skin cancer?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. A CT scan of the chest may be ordered for a more detailed look. If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. Surgery is occasionally used, but only if the cancer is thought to be at a very early stage.


Question: When is surgery used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. Cancer that has spread to lymph nodes between the lungs was once considered inoperable, but combining surgery with chemotherapy afterwards has improved survival rates. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.


Question: Who can get idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: Doctors use it when they can't pinpoint the cause of a condition. IPF can run in families. Some people with the disease have one or more relatives who have it. In these cases, it's known as familial IPF. Nowadays doctors are able to diagnose IPF more quickly than before.


Question: What conditions are linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: Researchers believe some things you may have breathed in could be linked to IPF. So are some infections, such as the flu, Epstein- Barr virus (which causes mononucleosis), hepatitis, and herpes. These things may increase your risk of the disease, although they are not direct causes. People with IPF may also have gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), also known as acid reflux. Scientists don't know if one disease causes the other, but they suspect that people with GERD may breathe tiny drops of stomach acid into their lungs, which can cause damage over time.


Question: How does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) change over time?

Answer: There's no cure, and the disease gets worse over time. Cigarette smoking is linked to IPF. For others, the symptoms stay more or less the same for years. Over time, you might get complications like a collapsed lung, infections, blood clots, or pneumonia. In some people, IPF can lead to lung cancer. Nowadays doctors are able to diagnose IPF more quickly than before. And once that happens, they can recommend medications, other treatments, or lifestyle changes that can help you feel better and stay as healthy as possible.


Question: What are treatments of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer: Doctors may order brain scans, including CT and MRI scans, to look for cavernous sinus thrombosis. Corticosteroid medications may also be used to reduce swelling. Blood thinners are sometimes given. Surgery may be needed to drain the site of the initial infection.


Question: What is the treatment for Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in or around the nipple. Radiation: If you got radiation to your chest as a child or young adult, you're more likely to get breast cancer.


Question: How is Paget's disease of the nipple diagnosed?

Answer: Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in or around the nipple. The doctor will remove a small sample of tissue from your nipple and send it to a lab where they'll check for the presence of Paget's cells. Because most people with this condition also have underlying breast cancer, your diagnosis will probably include: A physical exam Imaging tests: A mammogram ( X-ray of the breast) Breast MRI (a scan that creates a detailed picture of the inside of your breast) Breast ultrasound (uses sound waves to make a picture of your breast) Surgery is the most common treatment.


Question: How is Paget's disease of the nipple treated?

Answer: Because most people with this condition also have underlying breast cancer, your diagnosis will probably include: A physical exam Imaging tests: A mammogram ( X-ray of the breast) Breast MRI (a scan that creates a detailed picture of the inside of your breast) Breast ultrasound (uses sound waves to make a picture of your breast) Surgery is the most common treatment. The surgeon removes the entire breast. If your disease is confined to the nipple and the surrounding area, your doctor could suggest this treatment to save your breast (you might hear it called breast-conserving surgery). The surgeon will remove your nipple, areola, and the entire portion of the breast believed to contain the cancer. Most women get follow-up radiation therapy to make sure the cancer doesn't come back. The specific treatment often depends on the underlying breast cancer. The outlook depends on: If you have a tumor in the affected breast If the tumor is ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer The stage of invasive breast cancer in that breast If you have invasive cancer in the affected breast and it has spread to nearby lymph nodes The 5-year relative survival for all women in the U. S. diagnosed with this condition from 1988 to 2001 was 82.6%.


Question: What are the symptoms of Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: Early symptoms include redness and light scaling and flaking of the skin on your nipple. You might also notice: Tingling Itching Increased sensitivity Burning Pain Bloody or yellowish discharge from your nipple Your nipple looks flattened against your breast Thickened skin in the nipple area In most cases, Paget's disease of the breast starts in the nipple, then spreads to the areola (the circular area of darker skin that surrounds it) or other areas of your breast.


Question: How does a CT scan diagnose headaches?

Answer: You might need one if you have headaches daily or almost every day or have a sudden onset severe headache. Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum.


Question: How uncomfortable or dangerous is a CT scan?

Answer: You may get a shot of "contrast material" into one of your veins, which will help doctors see parts of your brain more clearly on the image. Be sure to tell the doctor or nurse if you've had an allergic reaction to contrast material in the past. Your doctor will also need to check your kidney function before using contrast. The dyes have iodine, which can cause a reaction in some people. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. The technologist will help you lie in the correct position on the examining table.


Question: How does a CT scan help diagnose a migraine?

Answer: Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum.


Question: Are there blood tests that can diagnose IBS?

Answer: You've heard of something called IBS -- or irritable bowel syndrome. But scientists are still studying how well the test works when constipation is your chief complaint. There are tests that can help rule them in or out. Your doctor might order a colonoscopy, an exam that looks for polyps in your large intestine.


Question: How is IBS diagnosed?

Answer: And how will your doctor find out? He'll compare that with a set of symptoms known as the Rome IV Criteria. To meet the standard, your belly pain needs to have been a problem for at least 6 months. You also need to have two of these symptoms: Your belly pain is related to a bowel movement. When you have pain or discomfort, your bowel movements are either more or less frequent than usual. Your stools have changed in appearance and are harder or softer than usual when you have pain or discomfort.


Question: How can you know what's causing your stomach problems related to irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: One way to find out is to see if your symptoms get better if you take them out of your diet. Once you've got a diagnosis, your doctor can start the right treatment and put you on the road to relief.


Question: What other tests may your doctor do to check why you have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Your stomach has been feeling crummy for a while now. There are some tests that help figure out what's going on, including a new blood test. One thing to keep in mind: Sometimes the results are inconclusive. For instance, he may check to see if your body isn't able to absorb or digest certain ingredients, like dairy or a simple sugar called fructose. One way to find out is to see if your symptoms get better if you take them out of your diet. You may also need to get a blood test to look for signs of Celiac disease, which happens when your body can't handle gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and oats.


Question: Do I have to go through all these tests to find out if I have IBS?

Answer: One way to find out is to see if your symptoms get better if you take them out of your diet. Once you've got a diagnosis, your doctor can start the right treatment and put you on the road to relief.


Question: Can behavioral therapy help opioid disorder?

Answer: But in addition to helping you manage the pain, they can also give you a feeling of well-being or euphoria. It can help you: Manage cravings Build healthy habits and thoughts Avoid triggers that could lead to relapse Therapy could be just you as an individual, it could include your entire family, or you could be part of a group with similar issues.


Question: When should you not breastfeed?

Answer: You should not breastfeed if: You are HIV positive. You can pass the HIV virus to your infant through breast milk. You have active, untreated tuberculosis. You're receiving chemotherapy for cancer. You're using an illegal drug, such as cocaine or marijuana. Your baby has a rare condition called galactosemia and cannot tolerate the natural sugar, called galactose, in breast milk. You're taking certain prescription medications, such as some drugs for migraine headaches, Parkinson's disease, or arthritis. It may take a few days or weeks for your baby to get used to breast milk in a bottle.


Question: What is cradle position for breastfeeding?

Answer: Position your baby's belly against your body so he feels fully supported. Your other, "free" arm can wrap around to support your baby's head and neck -- or reach through your baby's legs to support the lower back. Your infant should have all of your nipple and most of the areola, which is the darker skin around your nipple, in his mouth.


Question: Why is breast milk good for your baby?

Answer: It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat -- everything your baby needs to grow. And it's all provided in a form more easily digested than infant formula. Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Breastfeeding lowers your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies. Infants typically breastfeed for 10 to 20 minutes on each breast.


Question: How common is photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). About 3% to 5% of those people have photosensitive epilepsy. Children and adolescents ages 7 to 19 are more likely to have photosensitive epilepsy. Girls are affected by the condition more often than boys. But boys tend to have more seizures. That's probably because they spend more time playing video games, a common seizure trigger.


Question: What situations or places can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). But some common triggers are: Flashing light Bright, contrasting patterns such as white bars against a black background Flashing white light followed by darkness Stimulating images that take up your complete field of vision, such as being very close to a TV screen Certain colors, such as red and blue Some specific examples of situations or events that can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy are: Nightclub and theater lights, including strobe lights TV screens and computer monitors Flashing lights on police cars, fire trucks, ambulances, and safety alarms Visual effects in movies, TV shows, and video games Malfunctioning fluorescent lights and moving escalators Light viewed through a fast-moving ceiling fan Sunlight viewed through slanted blinds or stair railings Sun shining through tree leaves or reflecting off water Bold, striped wallpaper and fabric Cameras with multiple flashes or many cameras flashing at the same time Fireworks Also, people with photosensitive epilepsy may be at increased risk for a seizure if they are: Tired Intoxicated Play video games too long without a break There are many different types of seizures.


Question: How is photosensitive epilepsy treated?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). However, anti-epileptic medicines may reduce the frequency of seizures. Limit stress.


Question: How does a person with photosensitive epilepsy feel after a seizure?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). A tonic-clonic seizure should last no more than five minutes. Symptoms include: Loss of consciousness and patient falls to the ground Muscles contract and body stiffens Patient cries out Breathing pattern changes Patient bites tongue and inside of cheeks Limbs jerk or twitch as muscles tighten and relax Loss of bladder control When the seizure ends, the muscles relax and the person slowly regains consciousness. After the seizure, the person may: Be confused Feel tired Have memory loss for a short time Have a headache Feel sore Recovery time varies. Some people are able to return to normal activity soon after a seizure. Others may need to rest.


Question: What steps can you take to avoid seizures if you have photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). Some precautions to take include: Watch TV and play video games in a well-lit room and at a safe distance from the screen (at least 8 feet from the TV and 2 feet from a computer monitor). Use flicker-free monitors ( LCD or flat screen). Use a remote control instead of walking up to the TV to change the channel. Reduce the brightness on screen monitors. Adjust Internet settings to control moving images. Limit time spent in front of the TV, computer, and on hand-held devices. When outside, wear polarized sunglasses to protect your eyes from bright light.


Question: What are the symptoms of photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). People with photosensitive epilepsy typically have what's called a "generalized tonic-clonic seizure." This is also known as a convulsive seizure. A tonic-clonic seizure should last no more than five minutes. Symptoms include: Loss of consciousness and patient falls to the ground Muscles contract and body stiffens Patient cries out Breathing pattern changes Patient bites tongue and inside of cheeks Limbs jerk or twitch as muscles tighten and relax Loss of bladder control When the seizure ends, the muscles relax and the person slowly regains consciousness.


Question: How fast does follicular lymphoma grow?

Answer: Follicular lymphoma is a non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. Many people live disease-free afterward. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you. Your doctor may recommend it if your lymphoma comes back or doesn't respond to chemotherapy.


Question: What causes follicular lymphoma?

Answer: Follicular lymphoma is a non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. Unlike some cancers, they are not passed down in families. In some cases, radiation or cancer-causing chemicals, or certain infections, may be a cause. But other times there is no known cause.


Question: What tests might you get if you have follicular lymphoma?

Answer: Your doctor will take samples of your bone marrow, usually from the back of your hip bone. CT scan, or computed tomography. It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures inside your body. PET scan . This creates 3- D images by using a radioactive chemical that collects where your cells are very active. The results will help your doctor check which parts of your body are affected and the stage of the lymphoma.


Question: How do I know if something I eat or drink causes overactive bladder?

Answer: Try these tips to help you calm your urge incontinence symptoms. This is basically a daily record of what and when you eat and drink, and your urination patterns. Another option is trying an elimination diet. Remove one item -- tomatoes, for example -- from your meals for a week. If your symptoms get better, make a note of it. Gradually add back small amounts of that food until you notice your symptoms come back. You may be able to enjoy the food in modest amounts while avoiding irritating side effects.


Question: What are the results of a semen analysis?

Answer: This will give them a wealth of information, including: How many sperm there are (concentration). A normal sperm count is at least 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. How your sperm are moving (motility). Your doctor will look at how many sperm are moving and how well they move. The size and shape of your sperm affect their ability to fertilize an egg.


Question: What should I expect if I need to give a semen sample for testing?

Answer: Normally, you ejaculate into a collection cup in a private room at your doctor's office. Sometimes you can collect your sample at home, though you have to keep it at room temperature and get it to your doctor or lab within 1 hour. Some doctors can provide you with a special condom that collects your semen during sex. You will need to provide another sample within 2 to 3 weeks.


Question: What should you do if temperature is below 102 degrees for a 4-month-old or older who has been immunized?

Answer: The child is 3 to 6 months old with a temperature of 101 F or higher or has had any fever for more than one day. The child has a fever and a rash.


Question: How should you take the temperature of a 4-month-old or older who has been immunized?

Answer: For a child under 4 or 5 months, use a rectal thermometer to get an accurate reading. If the child is 6 months old or older, you can use an ear or temporal artery thermometer, but this may not be as accurate. Still, under most circumstances, it's a reasonable way to get a good enough estimate. If it's essential that you get an accurate reading, take a rectal temperature. If you take the child's temperature in the armpit, a reading above 100.4 F usually indicates a fever.


Question: What should you do if temperature is above 102 degrees but below 105 degrees for a 4-month-old or older who has been immunized?

Answer: Bathing or sponging the child with lukewarm water may help bring down a fever. Do not use cold water, ice baths, or alcohol. Do not give any medicine unless discussed first with the doctor, Rectal. For a child over 4 or 5 months, you can use an oral or pacifier thermometer. Call your pediatrician to see if you need to bring your child in to see the doctor.


Question: How should you take the temperature for a 4-month-old with a fever?

Answer: If it is higher than 99 F, then double check it rectally using a rectal thermometer to get the most accurate reading. If you take the child's temperature in the armpit, a reading above 100.4 F usually indicates a fever.


Question: What are vasodilators?

Answer: They're used to treat heart failure and control high blood pressure because they cause your blood vessels to relax so that all-important fluid can flow more easily through your body. Keep all appointments with your medical team so they can see if the medicine is working.


Question: How can you protect yourself to prevent allergy symptoms?

Answer: So cleaning is an important step in controlling your allergy and asthma triggers. Most pollen peaks between 5 a.m. and 10 a.m. each day, and can also be high around midday when it's warm and windy. And anytime you garden or clean the garage, wear a dust mask and sunglasses to keep allergens out of your nose, mouth, and eyes.


Question: What does it mean if I have tingling in my hands and feet?

Answer: In either case, the "pins and needles" effect -- which is usually painless -- is soon relieved by removing the pressure that caused it. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In many cases, however, tingling in the hands, feet, or both can be severe, episodic, or chronic. It also can accompany other symptoms. such as pain, itching, numbness, and muscle wasting. In such cases, tingling may be a sign of nerve damage, which can result from causes as varied as traumatic injuries or repetitive stress injuries, bacterial or viral infections, toxic exposures, and systemic diseases such as diabetes. Such nerve damage is known as peripheral neuropathy because it affects nerves distant from the brain and spinal cord, often in the hands and feet. It's important to seek prompt medical evaluation for any persistent tingling in your hands, feet, or both.


Question: How are tingling hands and feet diagnosed?

Answer: It's important to seek prompt medical evaluation for any persistent tingling in your hands, feet, or both. He or she also may perform additional tests such as: Blood tests.


Question: Do I need to see a doctor about tingling hands and feet?

Answer: Tingling hands, feet, or both is an extremely common and bothersome symptom. An electromyogram ( EMG), a test of the electrical activity of muscle Nerve conduction velocity ( NCV) Other tests may include: Computed tomography ( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) Nerve biopsy Skin biopsy to look at nerve fiber endings Successful treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of the tingling.


Question: How can alcoholism cause tingling hands and feet?

Answer: Vitamin deficiencies. Alcoholism.


Question: What is novantrone and how does it treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Because Novantrone suppresses your immune system (the body's system for fighting illness), you will have an increased risk of infection after treatment. Call your doctor immediately if you have any of the following symptoms: Fever Chills Sore throat or cough Sores on lips or in mouth Shortness of breath Stomach pain Vomiting Diarrhea Painful or difficult urination Uneven or rapid heartbeat Swollen feet or ankles Unusual bleeding or bruising Pain, swelling, redness, or irritation at the injection site In addition to the possible side effects listed above, other side effects that often go away as your body adjusts to Novantrone include: A blue-green color of urine for 24 hours after receiving Novantrone.


Question: What complications are associated with paranoid personality disorder (PPD)?

Answer: People with PPD also suffer from paranoia, an unrelenting mistrust and suspicion of others, even when there is no reason to be suspicious. The thinking and behaviors associated with PPD can interfere with a person's ability to maintain relationships, as well as their ability to function socially and in work situations. In many cases, people with PPD become involved in legal battles, suing people or companies they believe are "out to get them."


Question: How can sedative-hypnotics help with treating depression?

Answer: However, there are several types of depressive disorders. Treatment choices for depression depend on how serious the illness is. Medications used to treat depression include antidepressants such as: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), like Zoloft, Prozac, Celexa and Paxil; these medications can perform double duty for patients by helping them sleep and elevating their mood, though some people taking these drugs may have trouble sleeping. There are other types of sleep aids in addition to hypnotics, including benzodiazepines like Halcion, Ativan, and Restoril.


Question: What medications are used to treat depression?

Answer: Lack of sleep caused by another medical illness or by personal problems can make depression worse. Medications used to treat depression include antidepressants such as: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), like Zoloft, Prozac, Celexa and Paxil; these medications can perform double duty for patients by helping them sleep and elevating their mood, though some people taking these drugs may have trouble sleeping. Tricyclic antidepressants (including Pamelor and Elavil) Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like Effexor, Pristiq, Khedezla, Fetzima, or Cymbalta, that affect the functioning of brain circuits involved in mood regulation that communicate using chemicals such as serotonin and norepinephrine Novel antidepressants such as bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Some of the most effective types of psychotherapy for depression are cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.


Question: What if you are feeling grief and anxiety rather than depression from a life-threatening illness?

Answer: In this case you might not need medications for anxiety or depression, but that doesn't mean your care team can't help. The social worker and other members of the palliative care team can answer questions, work with you through talk therapy, and help you live as well as you are able for as long as you can.


Question: What is true clinical depression due to a life-threatening illness?

Answer: Experts point out that it's perfectly natural to feel scared, sad, and anxious about death and the dying process. True clinical depression, however, goes beyond this usual sadness and anxiety. ( These symptoms can sometimes be the side effects of certain medications or treatments.)


Question: What are complications of surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Because any surgery is serious and can have complications, it's best for you to try other treatments first. If you have any tooth or gum disease, go to your dentist and get it treated before your surgery.


Question: What is total joint replacement for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The main reasons to choose surgery for rheumatoid arthritis are to get relief from pain and to help you be able to move better. Your surgeon takes out the damaged part and puts an artificial joint in its place. Depending on things like your weight, health, and activity level, a replaced joint can last more than 20 years. After that, you may need another surgery, which will likely be more difficult and may not give you results that are as positive. That's why the timing of joint replacement surgery is important.


Question: What is fatigue related to prostate cancer?

Answer: It is not predictable by tumor type, treatment, or stage of illness. Usually, it comes on suddenly, does not result from activity or exertion, and is not relieved by rest or sleep. It may continue even after treatment is complete. Getting moderate exercise on a regular basis Learning to manage stress Although cancer-related fatigue is a common, and often an expected side effect of cancer and its treatments, you should feel free to mention your concerns to your health care providers.


Question: What can you do to combat fatigue from prostate cancer?

Answer: Some treatments may help improve fatigue caused by an underactive thyroid or anemia. Other causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis. Fatigue may be a clue to an underlying medical problem. Other times, there may be treatments to help control some of the causes of fatigue.


Question: How can you conserve energy to help with fatigue from prostate cancer?

Answer: You can conserve your energy in several ways. Here are some suggestions: Plan ahead and organize your work. Schedule rest. Balance periods of rest and work. Practice proper body mechanics. Limit work that requires reaching over your head. Limit work that increases muscle tension. Identify the effects of your environment. Prioritize your activities.


Question: What does it mean if you have nipple discharge?

Answer: While nipple discharge can be serious, in most cases, it's either normal or due to a minor condition. Mastitis is usually seen in women who are breastfeeding. If you have an infection or abscess in your breast, you may also notice that your breast is sore, red, or warm to the touch.


Question: Can artificial nails weaken your natural nails?

Answer: This chemical is very drying to your real nails and can irritate your skin. Some artificial nails must be filed off. That can make your natural nails thin, brittle, and weak. Use cream moisturizer on your nails, especially after you soak them in acetone.


Question: What are the two types of care provided at nursing homes?

Answer: You may reach a point when you need a lot of extra help to take care of yourself and everyday tasks. Skilled care includes help from trained health professionals, like a registered nurse, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and respiratory therapists.


Question: What questions should I ask myself when deciding a nursing home?

Answer: How often do I need help? Before you schedule a visit to the nursing homes that interest you, ask about vacancies, admission requirements, the level of care they offer, and if they accept government-funded health insurance options. How often do they assess residents?


Question: How can I pay for a nursing home?

Answer: Talk with your family and caregivers about the services you'll need. Not all facilities accept each form of payment, so it's important to ask the staff which options they take when you're researching nursing homes. Medicaid.


Question: What is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: That can cause health problems like high blood pressure, infections, and kidney stones. It can also cause kidney failure, although that doesn't happen to everyone. You can have ADPKD and not know it for many years. It's often called âadult PKD,â because the symptoms don't usually appear until people reach ages 30 to 40. But over time, ADPKD can start to damage your kidneys. Other signs that you have ADPKD include: Pain in your back or sides, often because of a burst cyst, a kidney stone, or a urinary tract infection Blood in your pee Swelling in your belly as the cysts grow Over time, cysts may grow big enough to damage your kidneys, and for some people, can cause them to fail. What can I do to keep my kidneys working?


Question: What causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: A problem with either gene causes kidney cells to grow out of control and form cysts. This happens when one of your PKD genes gets a defect on its own. People with a defect in the PKD1 gene tend to get kidney failure before those with a problem in PKD2.


Question: How can you prevent the complications of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: Depending on the type of ADPKD you have, you can lead an active life for many years by managing your symptoms and working with your doctor. There's not a cure, but scientists are doing research to look for new treatments. Exercise can help control your weight and blood pressure.


Question: What is venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: The veins in your legs have one-way valves that help blood move through. Take care of your skin.


Question: What causes venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: Venous stasis dermatitis happens when there's a problem with your veins, usually in your lower legs, that keeps blood from moving through very well. Their job is to push blood up your legs. As you get older or have other health problems, the valves may not work like they should. This is called venous insufficiency.


Question: How can stiffness affect psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: You can also put cold packs on your painful joints to ease pain and swelling. It'll also help you stay at a healthy weight. That'll keep pressure off you and reduce inflammation. You can walk, bike, swim, do yoga -- anything you enjoy that doesn't make your joint pain worse. Keep your nails short so they don't get caught on things, and don't push back your cuticles.


Question: How can devices affect psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor or physical therapist can help you decide which is best for you. They can also teach you how to use it properly. Other devices, like jar openers and long-handled grabbers, can make your day-to-day life easier. A healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables can help ease your symptoms.


Question: How can diet affect psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Take charge of your tension to ease your symptoms and keep things from getting worse. Eat to beat inflammation. You can get them from fish like salmon, lake trout, herring, sardines, and tuna.


Question: Why do you need to limit sugary drinks when you have urine acid kidney stones?

Answer: And it can rob your system of citrate, a substance that helps keep away kidney stones and maybe keep existing ones from growing. But hold back on foods and drinks flavored with sugar or, especially, high-fructose corn syrup. They can lead to stones.


Question: Why are my eyes bloodshot?

Answer: It happens when blood vessels on the eye's surface swell or leak. You may wonder what caused it to happen and if it's serious. Usually, it's not a big deal, especially if your eyes don't hurt and you can see OK. How you treat it depends on what's causing the problem. Your eyelids may be red and itchy and look greasy and crusted. See a doctor if your eyes are bloodshot and if any of the following are true: You have eye pain You have light sensitivity You have a discharge from your eye Something punctured your eye You're having problems seeing You see bright circles (halos) around lights You have a headache You throw up or feel like you're going to Some other more serious conditions that can cause bloodshot eyes include: Corneal ulcers.


Question: How can you treat bloodshot eyes from dry tears?

Answer: But some people have chronic dry eyes. If you do, you may need prescription eye drops. Some people may find relief by supplementing their diet with omega-3 fatty acids. They're found naturally in foods like oily fish (salmon, sardines, anchovies) and flax seeds. Check with your eye doctor to see if you should take omega-3 supplements. Also, your doctor may suggest a warm compress for your eyes to help them make more tears. These over-the-counter products may help: Artificial tears. If they feel uncomfortable when you put them in, quit wearing them until you can go see your eye doctor.


Question: Could blepharitis cause my eyes to be bloodshot?

Answer: It happens when blood vessels on the eye's surface swell or leak. Your eyelids may be red and itchy and look greasy and crusted. Your doctor may first try to treat the problem with eye drops to fight the infection.


Question: What serious conditions can cause bloodshot eyes?

Answer: Dry eye happens when your body isn't making enough tears or they're evaporating too quickly. See a doctor if your eyes are bloodshot and if any of the following are true: You have eye pain You have light sensitivity You have a discharge from your eye Something punctured your eye You're having problems seeing You see bright circles (halos) around lights You have a headache You throw up or feel like you're going to Some other more serious conditions that can cause bloodshot eyes include: Corneal ulcers. These are sores on the cornea -- the clear layer that covers the front of your eye. They are usually caused by an infection. Your eyes will be red and sensitive to light. It may feel like there's something in your eye. You may see halos and feel sick to your stomach. Sudden attacks often happen when your pupils are enlarged. This can happen when you're stressed or in dark places like movie theaters. Taking certain drugs, including cold medications, can increase your chances too. If you think you have acute glaucoma, get to an emergency room. Iritis. This is inflammation inside the front of your eye. Treatment with steroids can help with pain and swelling and prevent vision loss. If you have immune system conditions like rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, you may be more likely to get this. Certain infections put you at risk too.


Question: Could a broken blood vessel cause my eyes to be bloodshot?

Answer: This can happen after something as simple as a strong sneeze or cough. It probably looks bad, but it's usually not serious. It shouldn't hurt or affect how well you see. Think of it as a bruise in your eye that time will heal. It will take a week or two for it to go away. Your eye will be very red and painful.


Question: Who gets Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Common symptoms of Parkinson's disease include: Muscle rigidity Tremors Bradykinesia (the slowing down of movement and the gradual loss of spontaneous activity) Changes in walking pattern and posture Changes in speech and handwriting Loss of balance and increased falls Orthrostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when standing, resulting in lightheadedness or fainting) Approximately one million Americans have Parkinson's disease, including three out of every 100 people over the age of 60. There is increasing evidence that Parkinson's disease may be inherited (genetically passed on between family members). However, about 4% of those with Parkinson's disease are diagnosed before age 50, and about half of those are diagnosed before age 40. When the diagnosis is made early, it is referred to as "young-onset" Parkinson's disease.


Question: Is Parkinson's disease curable?

Answer: Although research is ongoing, to date there is no known cure or way to prevent Parkinson's disease. Still, even though there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, by identifying individual symptoms and determining a proper course of treatment, most people with the disease can live enjoyable, fulfilling lives.


Question: What is the difference between young-onset Parkinson's disease and older onset Parkinson's disease?

Answer: However, about 4% of those with Parkinson's disease are diagnosed before age 50, and about half of those are diagnosed before age 40. Associated problems, such as memory loss, confusion, and balance difficulties, are also less frequent in young people with the disease. On the other hand, people with young-onset Parkinson's disease often have more movement problems due to the most commonly prescribed medication, levodopa, than older people with the disease.


Question: When should you take nitroglycerin for chest pain?

Answer: That means taking it before activities that are more likely to cause it. For example, you might take it 5 to 10 minutes before you go for a bike ride. You might also take it before: Exercise Physical activity like carrying heavy items, using the vacuum, or raking leaves Sex (don't take erectile dysfunction medicines at the same time) Situations that make you feel worried, anxious, or angry You may take your nitroglycerin when you first feel the symptoms of angina. You should not take nitroglycerin if: You have taken the maximum amount of short-acting nitroglycerin prescribed by your doctor You know your blood pressure is very low.


Question: Are there new treatments for age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.


Question: What are the types of age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. The "wet" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. These blood vessels leak blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central vision. These abnormal blood vessels and their bleeding eventually form a scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision.


Question: What is age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: It occurs when the small central portion of the retina, known as the macula, deteriorates. The retina is the light-sensing nerve tissue at the back of the eye. Although macular degeneration is almost never a totally blinding condition, it can be a source of significant visual disability. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60.


Question: What is the outlook for people with age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision. They may have poor central vision, but they are still able to perform many normal daily activities.


Question: How does photodynamic laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.


Question: What are experimental treatments for age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.


Question: Does age-related macular degeneration recur?

Answer: It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.


Question: What does the wet form of macular degeneration cause?

Answer: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in people over age 60. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes.


Question: What is wet form age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. These abnormal blood vessels and their bleeding eventually form a scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision. The wet form of macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss.


Question: What will my doctor do for swimmer's ear?

Answer: For swimmer's ear treatments to work well, your doctor will first need to gently clean out any gunk that's blocking your ear canal, like fluid, dead skin, and extra wax. Usually, you need to: Tilt your head or lie on your side when you put the drops into your ear Stay in that position for 3 to 5 minutes to let the drops soak in Put a cotton ball into your ear, and leave it there for 20 minutes to keep the drops in Repeat three to four times a day, or as your doctor recommends You may find it easier to have somebody in your family put in the drops for you. That's usually 7 to 14 days. But if the infection is more serious or has spread, you may need other types of treatment.


Question: Can I go in the water if I am taking medication for swimmer's ear?

Answer: When you shower, gently put cotton balls coated with petroleum jelly into your ears to keep out water. You may need a different approach to get rid of the infection.


Question: What should you do during the healing process of your swimmer's ear?

Answer: When you shower, gently put cotton balls coated with petroleum jelly into your ears to keep out water. You may need a different approach to get rid of the infection.


Question: Are pedicures safe if I have foot fungus?

Answer: Yes. Never assume the spa cleans its tools after each client. Take your own to your appointment. That's the only way to make sure you don't catch -- or spread -- a pesky foot fungus in the nail salon.


Question: Where can I walk barefoot if I have foot fungus?

Answer: You can also catch fungi if your bare feet come in contact with them. Always wear shoes in public places. You never know what germs or fungi lurk there. If you're using a public pool or shower, wear sandals or shower shoes.


Question: Can I catch foot fungus from someone in my house?

Answer: Athlete's foot is the most common type of foot fungus. You can also catch fungi if your bare feet come in contact with them. Wash your feet with soap and water at least once each day and keep them dry.


Question: Where do fungi thrive?

Answer: That's why they like your feet. Each foot has over 250,000 sweat glands. To stop the spread of foot fungus, dry your feet after they get wet. Let your shoes air out before you wear them again. Always wear shoes in public places.


Question: What is foot fungus?

Answer: There are more than 80 types of fungi on your feet. That's way more than on other parts of the body, even the palms of your hands. But while some of these fungi may get a bad rap, you can relax. Most aren't harmful. Fungi enter your body through tiny cracks in your skin.


Question: Is there anything that I can't eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Your food choices matter a lot when you've got diabetes. Some are better than others. Nothing is completely off-limits. Even items that you might think of as âthe worst" could be occasional treats -- in tiny amounts. But they won't help you nutrition-wise, and it's easiest to manage your diabetes if you mainly stick to the âbestâ options. Ask your doctor what your limit should be, especially if you have heart disease as well as diabetes.


Question: What are the best vegetables to eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices Fresh veggies, eaten raw or lightly steamed, roasted, or grilled Plain frozen vegetables, lightly steamed Greens such as kale, spinach, and arugula. The 2015 U. S. guidelines recommend 2.5 cups of veggies per day.


Question: Can I have dairy if I have diabetes?

Answer: But you want to choose wisely. Eggs and low-fat dairy If you eat meat, keep it low in fat. Read the labels so you know what's in a serving.


Question: What is recurrent skin cancer?

Answer: If you have a history of sunburn, or have spent a lot of time in the sun, your odds go up for both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. If you've already had nonmelanoma skin cancer, you're more likely to develop it again. The same goes for melanoma. If you have a parent or sibling that's had melanoma, your odds of developing it increase, too. Men are more likely to get nonmelanoma skin cancer than women.


Question: How common are melanomas among all skin cancers?

Answer: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. These are the cells that produce your pigment, which is called melanin. But the majority of skin cancers are nonmelanoma, meaning they do not involve the melanocytes.


Question: What are medical treatments for sleepwalking?

Answer: Medical treatment for sleepwalking is necessary when it's caused by an underlying medical problem. Relaxation techniques, mental imagery, and anticipatory awakenings are the preferred treatment options for long-term treatment of people with a sleepwalking disorder.


Question: What are tips to protect yourself when sleepwalking?

Answer: There are also a number of steps a person can take to lessen the impact of sleepwalking. Sleep in a bedroom on the ground floor, if possible. Lock the doors and windows. Cover glass windows with heavy drapes. Place an alarm or bell on the bedroom door.


Question: What can I do to prevent diabetes?

Answer: Studies show that 90% of cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented -- or significantly delayed -- simply through a healthier diet and plenty of physical activity. Keep your weight in the normal range and stay active, experts say, and you stand an excellent chance of never getting diabetes.


Question: Why is type 1 diabetes harmful?

Answer: Having diabetes, in turn, increases the danger of heart disease, as well as a range of problems associated with impaired circulation, such as eye disease and nerve damage. Advanced type 2 diabetes can result in blindness and the need to amputate limbs that no longer get adequate circulation.


Question: Can you have diabetes and not know it?

Answer: But eventually it can't keep up, and blood sugar levels begin to climb. Studies show that overweight or obese people who become active improve their blood sugar control, even if they don't lose weight. An estimated 7 million people in the U. S. have this serious disease and don't know it.


Question: How can lower the sodium in my diet?

Answer: In fact, the less sodium you eat, the better blood pressure control you might have. To lower the sodium in your diet, try these suggestions: Use a food diary to keep track of the salt in the foods you eat. Avoid foods that have 20% or more Daily Value of sodium.


Question: What are tips for exercising outside in hot or cold weather if you have allergies?

Answer: The humidity also fuels mold growth, which can trigger symptoms for some people. But chlorine from indoor pools can be irritating to some people, so use caution and leave the area if you have trouble breathing. Call 911 if you continue to have any trouble breathing. Running in cold weather also can trigger symptoms. With proper treatment, you should be able to do any sport or activity without a problem. If not, you may need to take another look at your treatment plan.


Question: What are pollen levels?

Answer: There are different readings for different types of pollens. A tree pollen level at or above 90 is high, for example, while 1 to 14 is considered low. Check a web site that tracks pollen counts for trees, mold, weeds, and grass across the U. S. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology's site does this, for example. Use medicines that worked for you in the past.


Question: What treatments will I get if I'm hospitalized for bipolar disorder?

Answer: If you have mania, you'll probably need to take medicine to bring it quickly under control. Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may also be something your doctor considers. Your doctor may change your medicine dose, or add or subtract medicine. For instance, she may stop antidepressants, or add an antipsychotic or another drug to lessen your symptoms. You may also find that psychological therapy and a well-ordered daily routine help, along with your medicine.


Question: Are antiseizure drugs usedto treat bipolar disorder mania?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe lithium and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), or valproate ( Depakote). But sometimes, lithium alone is enough. Some other anticonvulsant drugs -- such as gapabentin ( Neurontin), oxcarbazenpine ( Trileptal), and topiramate ( Topamax) -- aren't proven treatments for mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. But doctors sometimes prescribe them either experimentally or for symptoms other than mood (such as anxiety or pain).


Question: What are the side effects of lithium for bipolar disorder mania?

Answer: Risks and Side Effects: Most people who take lithium -- about 75% -- have some side effects, although they may be minor. They may become less troublesome after a few weeks as your body adjusts to the drug. Common side effects include: Weight gain Trouble remembering Poor concentration Mental slowness Hand tremor Drowsiness or tiredness Hair loss Acne Being very thirsty Peeing more than usual Your thyroid doesn't work as well Problems with how your kidney s work Tell your doctor if you have lasting symptoms from lithium or if you have diarrhea, vomiting, a fever, unsteady walking, tremors, fainting, confusion, slurred speech, or a rapid heart rate.


Question: What causes gout?

Answer: It usually shows up first in the big toe, but it can occur in other joints too. Normally, the acid dissolves in your blood, passes through your kidneys, and leaves when you pee. If your body makes extra uric acid, or if the kidneys can't clear enough of it, the levels of the acid in your blood get too high. With time, the acid forms crystals that get stuck in your joints or soft tissue. That's what causes the painful symptoms.


Question: What is gout, and do I have a higher chance of getting it if I have diabetes?

Answer: Some things raise your risk for both diabetes and gout, but you can manage many of the causes of these conditions. Gout usually happens when uric acid builds up in the blood (a condition called hyperuricemia). Something that causes a flare in one person might not do it in another. It can make the pain worse. Make sure you're seeing your doctor regularly and following your treatment plan if you have any of these conditions.


Question: What is gout?

Answer: If you have type 2 diabetes, your chances of getting gout are higher. It usually shows up first in the big toe, but it can occur in other joints too. The pain can be intense. Some things raise your risk for both diabetes and gout, but you can manage many of the causes of these conditions. Something that causes a flare in one person might not do it in another.


Question: How long does the first attack of gout last?

Answer: It's estimated that almost 85% of people who have it once have another episode within 3 years. Gout often runs in families. Limit or eliminate alcohol to prevent another attack.


Question: When should I see a doctor about something in my eye?

Answer: If the thing in your eye is a small speck like dirt, sand, a bit of makeup, or a fiber, there are a few things you can do to try and get it out: If the speck is stuck in your upper eyelid, pull your upper eyelid down over your lower eyelid and let go. If you can see the speck, you can try to get it out with a damp cotton ball, being careful not to touch your eyeball. Get medical attention right away if: You get harsh chemicals in your eye like: Something has poked a hole in your eye. Something pierced your eye and is stuck there. Your eye bleeds. You can't close your eye. Your vision changes. Your eye doesn't feel better, or it starts to feel worse, even though you got the object out. If the object has pierced your eyeball and is stuck inside your eye, you might have a special X-ray or ultrasound taken to see exactly where it is.


Question: What happens to your eyes in your 40s?

Answer: When you reach your 40s, the natural internal lenses in your eyes become less flexible. They can't focus as easily from near to far vision like they could when you were younger. If your close vision is blurry, make an appointment with your eye doctor for an exam.


Question: How is the Koebner phenomenon treated?

Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future. Koebner phenomenon plaques get the same treatment as your regular psoriasis plaques. There are many options, including: An ointment, lotion, or cream. You can get them over the counter and by prescription. Some have steroids and some don't. Prescription medicines come as a pill, liquid, or shot. Some tamp down inflammation. Others work on your immune system. Your doctor may recommend a device that gives you exposure to UV light on a regular basis to slow down the growth of your psoriasis. Psoriasis treatments work differently for different people. Your doctor can help you find the one that works best for you.


Question: When should you call your doctor about the Koebner phenomenon?

Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future.


Question: How does a doctor check for fluid or blockage in the ear?

Answer: She will look at the eardrum with an instrument called an otoscope for signs of infection. With fluid in the middle ear, the eardrum is more rigid and doesn't move back and forth. She might also look for signs of infection with another instrument. It's called a tympanometer, and it uses sound and air pressure to check for fluid in the middle ear.


Question: What do I need to know about dry eyes and thyroid disorders?

Answer: Sometimes they may be the first sign of a thyroid disease. If you have dry eyes and a family member with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease, you may want to get checked, too.


Question: Why would I need a diabetes educator?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. There's research to suggest that diabetes education can lower your risk of complications like nerve and kidney damage, which helps you avoid dialysis and gives you a better quality of life. Knowing what's going on with your body also helps you feel more in control of your health.


Question: What studies have been done on the effectiveness of diabetes educators?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.


Question: What if the albumin test results are higher than normal?

Answer: They can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.


Question: Does diabetes education really work?

Answer: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do.