Question: How does  non-carcinoma cancer develop?

Answer: Not all cancers are carcinoma. Other types of cancer that aren't carcinomas invade the body in different ways. Those cancers begin in other types of tissue, such as: Bone Blood vessels Immune system cells Brain Spinal cord Although carcinomas can occur in many parts of the body, you may often hear people talk about these common types of carcinoma: Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS) Invasive ductal carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Basal cell carcinoma.


Question: How is invasive ductal carcinoma discovered?

Answer: It may be discovered as a suspicious mass through a mammogram by your health provider or during a breast self-exam.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis cause numbness or tingling?

Answer: If these tiny blood vessels in your hands or feet shut down, your fingers or toes may feel cold or numb. They could even change color when it's cold outside and look white, red, or blue. Rheumatoid vasculitis, which affects blood vessels, can also cause numbness, tingling, burning, or pain in your hands or feet due to damaged nerves. If your hands or feet are so numb that they drop or go limp when you try to raise them, see your doctor right away. Numbness and tingling are side effects of biologics, too.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis make you more likely to get infections?

Answer: RA medications like biologics and steroids slow down your immune system. While they ease joint pain and swelling, it's harder for you to fight off bugs like the flu. RA makes you more likely to get an infection just because the disease wears down your immune system. Mild fever is also one sign of an RA flare. That's when inflammation gets out of control. If it gets too high, your doctor will check for infection.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis bring on eye problems?

Answer: RA sometimes causes dry eyes. This makes you more likely to get an eye infection. People with RA could get another autoimmune condition called SjÃ¶gren's syndrome. It often leads to dry mouth, nose, eyes, vagina, or skin. Your lips or tongue may dry out, crack, and get infected. It's rare, but RA can cause inflammation in the white part of your eye, called the sclera. The symptoms are mostly redness and eye pain. You might have blurry vision. If you notice these signs, see your doctor.


Question: How can rheumatoid arthritis cause trouble breathing?

Answer: Some people with the disease, especially men who smoke or used to smoke, are more likely to get serious lung problems. When RA inflammation causes scar tissue to form in your lungs, you might notice chronic cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness. RA may inflame the tissue that lines your lungs. That can lead to shortness of breath or pain or discomfort when you breathe. See your doctor right away if you have unusual breathing problems or a cough that won't go away.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis lead to chest pain?

Answer: RA makes you more likely to get heart disease. Over time, plaque builds up in your arteries. Doctors call this atherosclerosis. This can lead to a heart attack. Chest pain is a common symptom. RA is a possible cause of a painful heart problem called pericarditis. That's when thin layers of tissue around your heart get inflamed. You may feel severe chest pain that's easy to mistake for a heart attack. Even though your chest pain may not be a heart attack, if you have it, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away.


Question: What do you need to know about rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?

Answer: The most common are stiff, painful joints and fatigue. But this disease causes inflammation in many body parts, so you may have symptoms that you don't realize are related to RA. Some are signs of serious complications that put your organs, or even your life, at risk. If you have any of these 10 symptoms, call your doctor right away.


Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis linked to mood changes?

Answer: RA is tied to depression, anxiety, and other mood problems. That's because the disease causes pain, fatigue, and stiffness that make it harder to do the things you enjoy. Depression and anxiety could also come from inflammation. Some people with RA get fibromyalgia. This illness causes muscle pain and often leads to depression and anxiety. Stress makes all of your symptoms worse. If your mood changes seem to take over your life, talk to your doctor. Depression and anxiety can become serious if you don't treat them.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis make you more likely to have hearing loss?

Answer: It can be a sign of infection. Tinnitus, or ringing in your ears, can be a side effect of treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs).


Question: How can rheumatoid arthritis cause broken bones?

Answer: Exercise, especially weight-bearing activity like walking, helps to keep your bones strong. RA makes you more likely to get heart disease. RA medications like biologics and steroids slow down your immune system.


Question: How should I treat symptoms of broken nose?

Answer: Apply ice for pain and swelling. Have the person rest and keep the head elevated even when sleeping. The person should avoid blowing his or her nose. Give acetaminophen for pain. Do not give NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or aspirin.


Question: When do I need surgery for a broken nose?

Answer: For a simple fracture, the health care provider may straighten the nose. Surgery may be needed to move bone or cartilage back in place for a more complicated fracture.


Question: When do I need to see a doctor about a broken nose?

Answer: If the nose is not out of position, rest and home treatment may be all that's needed. If the nose is crooked or it is difficult for the person to breathe through the nose, see a health care provider.


Question: When should I see a health care provider regarding my broken nose?

Answer: The nostril or nasal septum is crooked or out of place. The person has clear drainage from one or both nostrils or a grapelike swelling inside the nose on the septum. If you see a health care provider, the next steps depend on the particular case: To stop bleeding, the health care provider may pack the nostrils with gauze.


Question: What is vaginal contraceptive film?

Answer: The spermicide in it works for one to three hours. You should wait at least 15 minutes after inserting the film before having sex. And you must use a new film each time you have intercourse.


Question: How effective is vaginal contraceptive film?

Answer: As long as you use the film consistently -- and the right way -- it's 74%-94% effective. That means that out of 100 women who rely on it alone, six to 26 will get pregnant in a typical year. If the man also wears a condom, that helps prevent pregnancy. Together, spermicides (like that in the film) and condoms are about 97% effective.


Question: How often should I get acupuncture?

Answer: It should be mild, and you can ask your acupuncturist to dial it down at any time. Because it may take several sessions before you feel a benefit, plan to go at least 5-10 times.


Question: What can cause allergies in the workplace?

Answer: Dust mites, pollen, and mold are common and invisible allergy triggers in the workplace. These allergens can get trapped in tightly insulated and poorly ventilated office buildings. For some jobs, there can also be environmental triggers such as fumes that cause dizziness and make it hard to breathe. Look for allergy triggers that may affect you. Common allergens include: Aerosols Chemical fumes Cigarette smoke Cockroaches Cold air Dust Fresh paint Humid air Mold and mildew Perfume and scented products Pet dander Pollen Tobacco smoke and wood smoke Weather fronts Wind Make sure your work area is well-ventilated and has proper humidity to minimize molds.


Question: What is the easiest way to treat heavy sweating?

Answer: The easiest way to tackle excessive sweating is with an antiperspirant, which most people already use on a daily basis. Most antiperspirants contain aluminum salts. When you roll them onto your skin, antiperspirants form a plug that blocks perspiration. You can buy an antiperspirant over the counter at your local supermarket or drug store, or your doctor can prescribe one for you. Over-the-counter antiperspirants may be less irritating than prescription antiperspirants. Start with an over-the-counter brand, and if that doesn't work, ask your doctor about a prescription. Many antiperspirants are sold combined with a deodorant, which won't stop you from sweating but will help control the odor from your sweat.


Question: What should I know about heavy sweating?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Heavy sweating (also known as hyperhidrosis) is a very real and embarrassing problem, but there are some effective ways to treat it. Before you hide under bulky sweaters or move to a chillier climate, you can try these proven techniques for combating excessive sweating.


Question: How can attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect my sex life?

Answer: If you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), it can cause problems with intimacy and lead to some communication problems. You can have trouble paying attention during sex. Your mind might wander during foreplay, cuddling, or sex. That may seem normal to you, but your partner may see it as lack of interest. Your mood or desires may change suddenly. One day you might like cuddling or a certain sex act. The next day, the same things might bother you. Feelings like anger and loneliness may make you less interested in sex. They may also cause communication issues between you and your partner. You may be drawn to risky behaviors, like unprotected sex. ADHD can lower levels of certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. That may make you more likely to take risks or be impulsive. You may like to have different sex partners. This can make it harder to keep a long-term relationship and raise the chances of risky sex.


Question: Can I still have a healthy sex life with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: If you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), it can cause problems with intimacy and lead to some communication problems.


Question: Can ADHD medicines affect your sex life?

Answer: Be open with your partner about your ADHD symptoms, such as trouble focusing and irritability. Take your medication as prescribed. That can help you enjoy intimacy more, and may make you less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors.


Question: What can I do to maintain a healthy sex life with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: The next day, the same things might bother you. Be open with your partner about your ADHD symptoms, such as trouble focusing and irritability. Reassure them it's not their fault. Say what feels good for you. If you don't like being touched all the time, tell your partner when and how to touch you. This can prevent miscommunication and arguments. Get rid of distractions. If you easily lose focus during sex, having sex in the dark may help you focus on the moment. Take your medication as prescribed. Some ADHD drugs may boost your ability to focus and enjoy sex, while others can lead to a loss of sexual desire or ability. Trouble with focus can make it harder for you to get aroused or reach orgasm. Spend time on kissing, foreplay, and other acts besides intercourse. This can ease the pressure and help you and your partner enjoy yourselves. Stay active. Regular exercise can help you focus and raise levels of feel-good brain chemicals such as dopamine. That can help you enjoy intimacy more, and may make you less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Consider talk therapy. A therapist can also help you better communicate with your partner in and out of bed.


Question: How do I know if my loved one with Alzheimer's disease needs assisted living?

Answer: As you think about her day-to-day needs, consider these questions: Do you worry about her health or safety when she's alone at home? Are you physically able to handle her care? Does the help she needs keep you from your work, family, or personal life? Are you feeling more stressed, irritable, or burned out? Would the structure and social life in a care facility be good for her?


Question: What is assisted living?

Answer: Most facilities are designed to feel like home and encourage residents to be as independent as they can be. Assisted living services vary from place to place, but they usually include: One to three meals a day Medication reminders Help with dressing, bathing, and other personal care Housekeeping and laundry 24-hour emergency care Some medical services Social and recreational activities As Alzheimer's gets worse, your loved one may start to need more care and supervision.


Question: What should I look for in an assisted living facility?

Answer: Does the facility meet local and state licensing standards? What's the policy on insurance and personal property? How does the staff respond to a medical emergency? Are visitors welcome at any time? Is there a written care plan for each resident? How does the staff decide what services a new resident needs? Can the facility kick out residents who refuse to comply with a care plan? Do contracts cover housing, personal care, health care, and support services? What are the billing, payment, and credit policies?


Question: How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

Answer: X-rays are used to diagnose osteoarthritis, typically revealing an uneven loss of cartilage and spurring of the underlying bone.


Question: How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

Answer: In addition to symptoms and a doctor's exam, blood tests and X-rays are commonly used to confirm rheumatoid arthritis. The majority of people with rheumatoid arthritis have an antibody called rheumatoid factor ( RF) in their blood, although RF may also be present in other disorders. A newer test for rheumatoid arthritis that measures levels of antibodies in the blood (called the anti- CCP test) is more specific and tends to be only elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or in patients about to develop rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: What are the symptoms of an epilepsy?

Answer: Generalized motor seizures make your body move or twitch Generalized non-motor seizures don't cause movement Seizures can make you move, have unusual feelings, or both. Which symptoms you have depend on the type of seizure you get.


Question: What devices are used to treat epilepsy?

Answer: Two types are approved to treat epilepsy: Vagus nerve stimulation ( VNS) sends regular pulses of electrical energy to your brain to prevent seizures. A doctor puts the device under the skin of your chest. Responsive neurostimulation ( RNS) also sends pulses to the brain, but through a device that your doctor places under your scalp.


Question: What are the symptoms of a seizure from epilepsy?

Answer: During a seizure, you might: Stare into space Get confused or be unsure of where you are Pass out Jerk or twitch your arms and legs Rub your hands, smack your lips, or make other unusual movements Notice strange smells, tastes, sounds, or sights Feel strange in general These problems can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. Most people have the same symptoms each time they have a seizure.


Question: Can a ketogenic diet help treat epilepsy in children?

Answer: It's a high-fat, low-carb food plan that helps control seizures in children. It might work for adults, too, but more research is needed. The ketogenic diet is strict and complicated. You'll need to work closely with your doctor.


Question: What are the different kinds of focal seizures?

Answer: Focal aware seizures mean you're awake and you can respond to others Focal impaired seizures mean you're not completely aware Focal motor seizures cause your body to jerk, twitch, or move in other ways Focal non-motor seizures affect how you feel or think Generalized seizures start on both sides of your brain.


Question: What will a doctor check during a neurological exam for epilepsy?

Answer: You may get a neurological exam, a series of tests that show how well your brain and the rest of your nervous system are working. Your doctor will check your: Walking skills Reflexes and coordination Muscles Senses Thinking ability Other tests your doctor may suggest to find out if you have epilepsy: EEG.


Question: How can I avoid getting bronchitis?

Answer: Don't smoke. Don't allow others to smoke in your home. Stay away from or reduce your time around things that irritate your nose, throat, and lungs, such as dust or pets. If you catch a cold, get plenty of rest. Take your medicine exactly the way your doctor tells you. Eat a healthy diet. Wash your hands often.


Question: When should you call your doctor about bronchitis?

Answer: Symptoms of bronchitis include: A cough that is frequent and produces mucus A lack of energy A wheezing sound when breathing A fever See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: A cough that lasts more than two to three weeks A fever A cough that produces blood or thick or colored mucous Any shortness of breath or wheezing If you have bronchitis you should: Drink fluids every one to two hours unless your doctor has restricted your fluid intake Rest Don't smoke Relieve body aches by taking an NSAID such as ibuprofen or naproxen or another pain killer such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol).


Question: What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

Answer: Symptoms of bronchitis include: A cough that is frequent and produces mucus A lack of energy A wheezing sound when breathing A fever See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: A cough that lasts more than two to three weeks A fever A cough that produces blood or thick or colored mucous Any shortness of breath or wheezing If you have bronchitis you should: Drink fluids every one to two hours unless your doctor has restricted your fluid intake Rest Don't smoke Relieve body aches by taking an NSAID such as ibuprofen or naproxen or another pain killer such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol).


Question: What medications can treat a cough from bronchitis?

Answer: If you have a dry cough and cough up little to no mucus, your doctor may prescribe a cough medicine to suppress your cough. He or she may also prescribe an expectorant to help loosen mucus so it can be more easily coughed up. Because viruses cause most cases of bronchitis, antibiotics will not usually be useful or necessary. Exceptions would be bronchitis caused by a bacterial infection or bronchitis in a person who has impaired lung function.


Question: How is laser therapy used to treat retinoblastoma?

Answer: Laser Therapy: A different kind of laser targets and destroys the blood vessels that supply the tumor. This works for small tumors in the back of the eye.


Question: Is retinoblastoma curable?

Answer: Retinoblastoma is almost always curable, especially if it hasn't spread beyond the eye.


Question: How is thermotherapy used to treat retinoblastoma?

Answer: Thermotherapy: A special laser kills cancer cells with heat. Doctors use it by itself on small tumors or along with other treatments for larger tumors.


Question: How is cryotherapy used to treat retinoblastoma?

Answer: Cryotherapy: A touch with a super-cooled metal probe freezes and kills cancer cells. This works best on small tumors near the front of the eye.


Question: How is radiation used to treat retinoblastoma?

Answer: Radiation: There are two kinds of radiation therapy. For small tumors, a surgeon can sew a disc that has radioactive material inside it onto the eyeball near the tumor. Your child stays in the hospital a few days while it works, and then the disc is removed. Older technology uses a machine to focus beams of radiation on the tumor. This usually is used only if other strategies don't work.


Question: What are symptoms of retinoblastoma?

Answer: Others symptoms include: An eye or eyes that appear larger than normal Cloudiness or discoloration in the center of the eye Eye pain Eyes that cross or look in different directions Redness in the white of the eye Vision problems These symptoms can also be caused by less serious problems.


Question: How common is retinoblastoma?

Answer: This is a rare form of eye cancer that usually happens in childhood. It starts in the retina -- the part of the eye that senses light and sends pictures to the brain. Fewer than 300 children in the U. S. are diagnosed with it each year. Usually, it's found before they turn 2.


Question: What is the purpose of checkups in children after treatment for retinoblastoma?

Answer: Children treated for retinoblastoma need very close follow-up care. Your child will have frequent checkups to watch for signs that the cancer has come back. Frequent checkups are important for other reasons, too.


Question: When is surgery necessary for retinoblastoma?

Answer: Surgery: If the tumor is very large by the time it's found, it may not be possible to save the child's vision. In these cases, the eye may be removed.


Question: Are young patients awake during retinoblastoma exams and treatments?

Answer: This works for small tumors in the back of the eye. Very young patients usually are sedated or put under for exams and treatments.


Question: What causes multiple retinoblastomas?

Answer: They can also pass the condition on to their own children. Children who have a damaged gene in every cell can get other types of cancer later in life because the gene doesn't help stop the cancers the way a healthy gene would. And children who have radiation or chemotherapy treatment are also more likely to have cancer again.


Question: What are the most common symptoms of aerophagia?

Answer: The most common symptoms of aerophagia are: Frequent belching, sometimes several times a minute Bloated or swollen belly Belly pain These problems can last 2 years or more in some people. The symptoms are similar to other stomach illnesses, such as acid reflux, an irritation of the stomach lining, or irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: How is aerophagia treated?

Answer: If your aerophagia is due to depression or anxiety, you may need medicine or psychotherapy. If acid reflux or heartburn makes you swallow more frequently, antacids may help. Are you a smoker? Aerophagia is another reason to quit, since smoking can lead you to swallow air. Also, loose dentures can cause you to swallow more air, so if you wear them, make sure they fit well. If you use a CPAP device, check with your doctor. It may need adjustments that control its airflow or how it fits on your face.


Question: Who gets aerophagia?

Answer: You get aerophagia when you swallow so much air that it makes your stomach feel bloated and uncomfortable. Chewing gum can make it worse. Doctors often see aerophagia as a sign of other problems, such as an illness that affects your digestive system, or a psychological disorder like anxiety or depression. You may also have aerophagia if you have sleep apnea and use a device called a CPAP machine to help you breathe while you sleep. People with depression or anxiety problems often swallow more frequently, and aerophagia is a common symptom of depression.


Question: What is the difference between strawberry tongue and glossitis?

Answer: A tongue condition that's a lot like strawberry tongue is glossitis. It makes your tongue swollen and red but not bumpy. Like strawberry tongue, glossitis can show up as a side effect of different conditions. Both can be a sign of low B12, but glossitis is most likely a symptom of something that's not related to strawberry tongue.


Question: What causes strawberry tongue?

Answer: Toxic shock syndrome ( TSS): It's rare, but this can sometimes cause strawberry tongue.


Question: What is strawberry tongue?

Answer: It's not a condition -- it's a symptom of different conditions or disorders. Your tongue usually appears red, but it can be white. A tongue condition that's a lot like strawberry tongue is glossitis.


Question: How can you prevent nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: As your child grows, his or her ligaments will get stronger. So it will become less likely that pulling a child's arms will cause nursemaid's elbow. Until then, you may be able to prevent nursemaid's elbow if you follow these tips: Do not lift a child up by the arms or hands. Lift the child under the arms instead. Do not tug or jerk a child's hand or arm. Never swing a child by the hands or arms.


Question: What is treatment like for nursemaid's elbow in kids?

Answer: Most kids can use the arm without pain within 10 to 15 minutes. But some kids may be afraid to use the arm because they remember that it hurt before. If this happens, your doctor may recommend pain medicine and then observation for the next hour to make sure the child moves the arm.


Question: What is the treatment for nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: Treatment depends on your child's age and overall health. The doctor will examine the child and make sure the bone is not broken. X-rays are not usually necessary to diagnose this. Over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), may be given. Make sure you ask your health care provider for the correct dose for your child. Never give aspirin to a child under age 12.


Question: What are the symptoms of nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: Nursemaid's elbow may happen if you: Catch a child by the hand to stop a fall Lift a child up by the hands or wrists Pull a child's arm through a jacket sleeve Swing a child by the arms or hands Yank on a child's arm to make him or her walk faster Sometimes nursemaid's elbow may happen if: An infant rolls over onto the arm A child uses the hands to brace himself or herself during a fall The main symptom of a pulled elbow is pain when the child moves the arm. In fact, nursemaid's elbow can be quite painful. There is, though, no swelling, bruising, or other sign of a serious injury. To reduce the pain, the child typically refuses to use the arm and holds it still at her side, The elbow may be slightly bent and the palm may by turned towards the body. You should not try to straighten the arm or move the elbow back into place. If you do, the child will resist, and you could cause more serious damage. Severe pain, even without swelling, can be the sign of a broken bone. Call your doctor if your child injures her elbow.


Question: What causes nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: Nursemaid's elbow can happen if you tug or pull on a child's lower arm or hand, especially if the arm is twisted. It doesn't take much force for the injury to happen. The most common cause of nursemaid's elbow is a pulling-type injury. Nursemaid's elbow may happen if you: Catch a child by the hand to stop a fall Lift a child up by the hands or wrists Pull a child's arm through a jacket sleeve Swing a child by the arms or hands Yank on a child's arm to make him or her walk faster Sometimes nursemaid's elbow may happen if: An infant rolls over onto the arm A child uses the hands to brace himself or herself during a fall The main symptom of a pulled elbow is pain when the child moves the arm.


Question: How effective are treatments for nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: Sometimes, the first attempt at reduction does not work. It may take two or more times to put the elbow back into the correct position. Surgery is rarely needed.


Question: Who gets nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: Your doctor or nurse may use other terms for nursemaid's elbow, such as: Pulled elbow Radial head subluxation Nursemaid's elbow is a common injury among toddlers and preschoolers. The injury is not often seen in kids older than 5 or 6. That's because as children grow, their bones harden and the ligaments get tighter and thicker. This helps keep the elbow firmly in place. Girls are slightly more likely than boys to have nursemaid's elbow.


Question: How does a doctor treat nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: The doctor will use a method called a "reduction maneuver" to put the elbow back into the correct position. In this method, the doctor holds the child's wrist and elbow. The doctor then carefully moves the arm in a specific way until the elbow pops back into place. You may hear a "click" when this happens. A reduction maneuver only takes a few seconds. It may be done in the doctor's office. The procedure can be briefly painful. The child will probably cry for a few seconds. It may take two or more times to put the elbow back into the correct position.


Question: What should you do if nursemaid's elbow is caused by child abuse?

Answer: Nursemaid's elbow may happen if you: Catch a child by the hand to stop a fall Lift a child up by the hands or wrists Pull a child's arm through a jacket sleeve Swing a child by the arms or hands Yank on a child's arm to make him or her walk faster Sometimes nursemaid's elbow may happen if: An infant rolls over onto the arm A child uses the hands to brace himself or herself during a fall The main symptom of a pulled elbow is pain when the child moves the arm. A child abuse investigation may be done if there are other signs that the child is being abused or if it occurs in an older child.


Question: What is nursemaid's elbow?

Answer: It is called nursemaid's elbow, and it can be quite painful for your little one. Nursemaid's elbow means the elbow has slipped out of its normal place at the joint. The elbow bone (radius) is connected to the elbow joint (humerus) by elastic bands called ligaments. These ligaments grow stronger and tighter as a child grows older. In little kids and babies, the ligaments are still loose. This makes it easy for the elbow to slip out of place. Your doctor or nurse may use other terms for nursemaid's elbow, such as: Pulled elbow Radial head subluxation Nursemaid's elbow is a common injury among toddlers and preschoolers. The most common cause of nursemaid's elbow is a pulling-type injury. Never swing a child by the hands or arms.


Question: How do you treat chlamydia and gonorrhea be treated?

Answer: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: These STDs are treated with antibiotics. You should begin taking them if tests show you have the infection or if you have been exposed to it, even though you may not have symptoms. Your sex partners will also have to be treated regardless of whether they have symptoms. Certain strains of gonorrhea have become resistant to some antibiotics, so you may have to take more than one drug to fight gonorrhea.


Question: Can you treat an STD at home?

Answer: Don't try to treat an STD yourself. These diseases are contagious and serious. You must see a doctor. Bacterial STDs can be cured with antibiotics if treatment begins early enough. Viral STDs cannot be cured, but you can manage symptoms with medications. There is a vaccine against hepatitis B, but it will not help if you already have the disease.


Question: What kinds of tests can find STDs?

Answer: STDs may be detected during a physical exam; through Pap smears; and in tests of blood, urine, and genital and anal secretions.


Question: What medication is prescribed for severe chickenpox?

Answer: If you've been exposed to someone who has chickenpox but don't have symptoms yet, your doctor may give you an injection of a treatment called immunoglobulin. It can help prevent severe chickenpox. You'll take the first dose within 24 hours of developing the rash. Then you'll take a tablet 5 times a day for 7 days.


Question: What can I do to make my shopping with rheumatoid arthritis easier?

Answer: Reachers. Take yours with you to help retrieve items from high shelves at the store. For heavy or breakable items, though, ask a store employee or another shopper for help. Motorized shopping carts. Many stores have them. You can sit while you cruise the aisles. If the store doesn't have them, use a shopping cart, even if you only need a few things, to spare your hands and energy. You'll have something to lean on, too. Shopping bags. Reusable ones can be easier on your hands and wrists than plastic grocery bags. Have the bagger fill them halfway. To carry the bags, slide them over your forearms so your hands are free. Cross your arms and hold them close to your body to lighten the load on your shoulder and elbows.


Question: Are there ways to make life easier with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: With rheumatoid arthritis, you can still lead an active life, look great, and do the things you enjoy. There are gadgets, which your doctor may call âassistive devices,â that can help you regain your independence and make daily tasks easier. Some are specially designed for people with conditions like RA, to make it easier to bend, reach, or grip. You might find them at a pharmacy or medical supply store, or you can search online for some devices.


Question: How can I modify certain products to make them more convenient for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Some to consider: Leather seats, which are easier to slide in and out of than upholstered seats Power window and seat controls Heated seats, which can soothe sore hips and lower backs Running boards, which make it easier to climb in and out Larger, easier-to-grip steering wheels With a little effort and craftiness, you can find or modify products that can help you keep doing your favorite hobbies and activities. Assistive devices like these can help: Kneelers and lightweight hoses for gardening Book stands for hands-free reading Large, easy-to-hold playing cards and electric shufflers for card games Equipment such as automated ball-teeing devices and ball retrieval aids for golf Light-weight spring-operated scissors for crafts Automatic needle threaders for needle work


Question: What can I do to make my dressing and grooming easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Clothes fastener. A button hook at one end makes it easier to fasten small buttons on blouses and sweaters. A hook on the other end helps open and close zippers. Long-handled shoe horn. The long handle makes it easier to put on shoes when bending is hard. A small notch on the end helps remove socks. Long-handled comb. A long handle with a coated grip makes it easier to comb your hair if RA affects your arm and wrist movement. Wash mitt. Made of terry cloth or mesh, this mitt can be used with body wash or bar soap. You won't have to grip a washcloth anymore. Flossers and electric toothbrushes also make it easier to take care of your teeth.


Question: How can I make my kitchen and cooking easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Two-handled pots and pans. With handles on both sides, these are easier to hold, because they allow you to spread their weight between both hands. Rocking T knife. Designed so that you need less strength and dexterity to use it, this knife applies pressure directly above the food to be cut. Used with a half-gallon carton, this holder provides a plastic handle that makes it easier to hold and pour milk. Wash mitt. Use the same type of terry cloth or mesh mitt you use in the shower to make washing dishes and kitchen clean-up easier. Reacher. This is basically a long stick (it may scope or fold) with a gripper or suction cups on one end, and it can extend your reach by 2 or 3 feet. Use it to retrieve lightweight items from high cupboard shelves or to pick up items from the floor without bending over. Other items that can make cooking easier include electric blenders, knives, can openers, and potato peelers. For serving a meal, nothing beats paper plates. Not only are they lighter than regular plates, but you don't need to clean them.


Question: How many people die from the flu each year and how is it prevented?

Answer: The CDC estimates that as many as 56,000 people die from the flu or flu-like illness each year.


Question: What is the best prevention for the common cold?

Answer: That's why frequent hand washing gets rid of the illness-causing germs and helps to prevent the spread of some diseases -- especially if a family member, friend, or classmate has a cold or flu virus. The CDC also says the simple act of hand washing is the single most important means of preventing the spread of viral and bacterial infections. The best thing you can do is prevent catching the virus that causes the common cold.


Question: What is the outlook for schizophrenia?

Answer: If they get the proper care, which will probably include medication and psychotherapy, a kind of talk therapy, they are likely to do better.


Question: What are the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Avoidant personality disorder symptoms include a variety of behaviors, such as: Avoiding work, social, or school activities for fear of criticism or rejection. It may feel as if you are frequently unwelcome in social situations, even when that is not the case. This is because people with avoidant personality disorder have a low threshold for criticism and often imagine themselves to be inferior to others. Low self-esteem Self-isolation When in social situations, a person with avoidant personality disorder may be afraid to speak up for fear of saying the wrong thing, blushing, stammering, or otherwise getting embarrassed. You may also spend a great deal of time anxiously studying those around you for signs of approval or rejection. A person who has an avoidant personality disorder is aware of being uncomfortable in social situations and often feels socially inept. Despite this self-awareness, comments by others about your shyness or nervousness in social settings may feel like criticism or rejection. This is especially true if you are teased, even in a good-natured way, about your avoidance of social situations.


Question: How is avoidant personality disorder diagnosed?

Answer: Is unwilling to get involved with people unless they are certain of being liked. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.


Question: How is avoidant personality disorder treated?

Answer: As with other personality disorders, a mental health professional will design a treatment plan that is appropriate for you. Avoidant personality disorder treatments vary, but they will likely include talk therapy. If a co-existing condition, such as depression or anxiety disorder, is also diagnosed, appropriate medications may also be used.


Question: What is the social impact of avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: Avoidant personality disorder causes a fear of rejection that often makes it difficult to connect with other people. You may be hesitant to seek out friendships, unless you are certain that the other person will like you. When you are involved in a relationship, you may be afraid to share personal information or talk about your feelings. This can make it difficult to maintain intimate relationships or close friendships.


Question: Who is more likely to get avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: Avoidant behavior may commonly be seen in children or adolescents, but a diagnosis of a personality disorder cannot be made in childhood because shyness, fear of strangers, social awkwardness, or being sensitive to criticism are often a normal part of child and adolescent development. A mental health professional can assess your symptoms, make an accurate diagnosis, and suggest the appropriate treatment options.


Question: What is avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: Yet the symptoms involve more than simply being shy or socially awkward. Avoidant personality disorder causes significant problems that affect the ability to interact with others and maintain relationships in day-to-day life. About 1% of the general population has avoidant personality disorder. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.


Question: What other conditions are associated with avoidant personality disorder?

Answer: A mental health professional can assess your symptoms, make an accurate diagnosis, and suggest the appropriate treatment options. Other mental health disorders can occur along with avoidant personality disorder. Treatments in these cases will be designed to help with the symptoms of each disorder. A few of the conditions that most frequently occur with avoidant personality disorder include: Social phobia, in which a person experiences overwhelming anxiety and self-consciousness in common social situations. Dependent personality disorder, in which people rely excessively on others for advice or to make decisions for them. Borderline personality disorder, in which people have difficulties in many areas including social relationships, behavior, mood, and self-image.


Question: Can anaphylaxis be triggered by exercise?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Common medication triggers are: Penicillin (more often following a shot rather than a pill) Muscle relaxants like the ones used for anesthesia Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Anti-seizure medications Anaphylaxis also can be triggered by a few other things. Some can have a reaction to a combination of things: Breathe in birch pollen and eat apple, raw potato, carrots, celery, or hazelnut Breathe in mugwort pollen and eat celery, apples, peanuts, or kiwi Breathe in ragweed pollen and eat melons or bananas Touch latex and eat papaya, chestnuts, or kiwi In rare cases, it can be triggered by 2 to 4 hours of exercise after eating certain foods or by exercise on its own.


Question: What are typical food triggers of anaphylaxis for children and adults?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Typical food triggers for children are: Peanuts Shellfish Fish Milk Eggs Soy Wheat Common food triggers for adults are: Shellfish Tree nuts (walnuts, hazel nuts, cashews, pistachios, pine nuts, and almonds) Peanuts Some people are so sensitive that even the smell of the food can trigger a reaction.


Question: What are common medication triggers for anaphylaxis?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Common medication triggers are: Penicillin (more often following a shot rather than a pill) Muscle relaxants like the ones used for anesthesia Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Anti-seizure medications Anaphylaxis also can be triggered by a few other things.


Question: What causes anaphylaxis?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Anaphylaxis happens when you have an antibody, something that usually fights infection, that overreacts to something harmless like food. It might not happen the first time you come in contact with the trigger, but it can develop over time. In children, the most common cause is food. For adults, the main cause is medication.


Question: What are symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. The first signs of an anaphylactic reaction may look like typical allergy symptoms: a runny nose or a skin rash. But within about 30 minutes, more serious signs appear. There is usually more than one of these: Coughing; wheezing; and pain, itching, or tightness in your chest Fainting, dizziness, confusion, or weakness Hives; a rash; and itchy, swollen, or red skin Runny or stuffy nose and sneezing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing and rapid heartbeat Swollen or itchy lips or tongue Swollen or itchy throat, hoarse voice, trouble swallowing, tightness in your throat Vomiting, diarrhea, or cramps Weak pulse, paleness Some people also remember feeling a "sense of doomâ right before the attack. As many as 1 out of every 5 people may have a second anaphylactic reaction within 12 hours of the first. This is called a biphasic anaphylaxis.


Question: What is anaphylaxis?

Answer: If you have an anaphylactic reaction, you need an epinephrine (adrenaline) shot as soon as possible, and someone should call 911 for emergency medical help. Left untreated, it can be deadly. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Epinephrine can reverse the symptoms within minutes. If this doesn't happen, you may need a second shot within half an hour. These shots, which you need a prescription to get, come pre-filled and in ready-to-use pens. You shouldn't take an antihistamine for an anaphylactic reaction. Epinephrine is the most effective treatment for anaphylaxis, and the shot should be given right away (usually in the thigh).


Question: How common is anaphylaxis?

Answer: If you have an anaphylactic reaction, you need an epinephrine (adrenaline) shot as soon as possible, and someone should call 911 for emergency medical help. Left untreated, it can be deadly. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Epinephrine can reverse the symptoms within minutes. If this doesn't happen, you may need a second shot within half an hour. These shots, which you need a prescription to get, come pre-filled and in ready-to-use pens. You shouldn't take an antihistamine for an anaphylactic reaction. Epinephrine is the most effective treatment for anaphylaxis, and the shot should be given right away (usually in the thigh).


Question: What is the follow-up treatment for a dislocated finger?

Answer: Follow Up Keep any protective splint or cast clean and dry. Ice the finger for 20 minutes every few hours for a few days, if you are able. Continue elevating your finger when possible. Take pain medication as prescribed by the doctor. Depending on the nature of the injury, surgery or follow-up with an orthopedist who specializes in hands may be needed.


Question: What are symptoms of a dislocated finger?

Answer: If the finger is bent or deformed, don't try to straighten it.


Question: Do I need to see a  doctor for a dislocated finger?

Answer: Get Help See a doctor as soon as you can, ideally within a day. You'll need X-rays and procedures to realign the finger.


Question: How effective is therapy for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.


Question: How can you prevent stress to prevent irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There's proof that keeping your stress under control can help you prevent or ease IBS symptoms. You could learn about relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or visualization, where you imagine a peaceful scene. Or you can zap tension by simply doing something fun -- talk to a friend, read, listen to music, or go shopping. It's also a great idea to exercise, get enough sleep, and eat a good diet for IBS.


Question: How is stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome related?

Answer: It's not totally clear how stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome are related -- or which one comes first -- but studies show they can happen together. When a doctor talks to people with this digestive disorder, "what you find is that about 60% of IBS patients will meet the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders," says Edward Blanchard, Ph D, professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Albany. The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about stress and irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: If you're still tense and anxious, talk with your doctor. Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working."


Question: When should I talk with my doctor about my anxiety and IBS?

Answer: Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working." Blanchard says two-thirds of people with IBS get better with changes in diet and medication. The other third, people with more severe symptoms, might benefit from psychological help. "


Question: What is the most common mental ailment found in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders. Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.


Question: What theories exist about the connection between stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. Stress and anxiety may make the mind more aware of spasms in the colon. IBS may be triggered by the immune system, which is affected by stress.


Question: What do people with anxiety tend to worry about?

Answer: Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.


Question: What are the limitations of therapy in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms?

Answer: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.


Question: Are stress and anxiety related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: It's not totally clear how stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome are related -- or which one comes first -- but studies show they can happen together. When a doctor talks to people with this digestive disorder, "what you find is that about 60% of IBS patients will meet the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders," says Edward Blanchard, Ph D, professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Albany. There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. Stress and anxiety may make the mind more aware of spasms in the colon. IBS may be triggered by the immune system, which is affected by stress.


Question: How can I control my stress to ease my IBS symptoms?

Answer: Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Or you can zap tension by simply doing something fun -- talk to a friend, read, listen to music, or go shopping. It's also a great idea to exercise, get enough sleep, and eat a good diet for IBS. Try different stress-busting techniques to see which may help ease your IBS symptoms.


Question: What can help you live with irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. You could join a self-help group for people with irritable bowel syndrome or other digestive disorders. Members of these groups know what it's like to live with IBS. Sometimes they can offer more meaningful support than you could get from even your closest friends. "


Question: What does the hCG diet for weight loss entail?

Answer: The h CG diet limits you to 500 calories a day for 8 weeks while taking h CG, either by getting a shot or by taking a âhomeopathicâ product, such as oral drops, pellets, or sprays, which you can buy at the store.


Question: What are the limitations of sugar on the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: You can use sugar substitutes but not sugar to sweeten drinks. Butter and oils aren't allowed.


Question: What is the promise behind the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) diet for weight loss?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Take a "natural" hormone the body makes during pregnancy -- and lose a lot of weight? That's the promise that's turned the h CG Diet -- named after that hormone -- into a craze that just won't quit. If you also go on an ultra-low-calorie diet, backers claim, h CG can âreset your metabolismâ so you lose as much as a pound a day without feeling hungry or weak.


Question: What are the fruit options for the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: If you also go on an ultra-low-calorie diet, backers claim, h CG can âreset your metabolismâ so you lose as much as a pound a day without feeling hungry or weak.


Question: What are the limitations of bread on the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: Each meal has to include one protein, one vegetable, one bread, and one fruit.


Question: How much are you supposed to eat on the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: Bread can be one breadstick or one piece of melba toast. For fruit, you can choose an orange, an apple, a handful of strawberries, or half a grapefruit. The diet allows as much water, coffee, and tea as you want. You can also have up to 1 tablespoon of milk per day.


Question: How hard is it to stick to the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: Not only is it uncomfortable to live on just 500 calories a day, it can be dangerous. It's impossible to meet all your nutritional needs on so few calories. You may not get enough protein, either. If you're getting less than 1,200 calories a day, it's going to be challenging to get enough vitamins and minerals without supplements.


Question: What does science say about hCG for weight loss?

Answer: Here's what the science says: Any super-low-cal diet will result in weight loss. Most studies have found that h CG (stands for human chorionic gonadotropin) has nothing to do with it.


Question: What are the meat options for the hCG diet for weight loss?

Answer: You can broil or grill veal, beef, chicken breast, fresh white fish, lobster, crab, or shrimp as long you don't eat any visible fat. No salmon, eel, tuna, herring, or dried or pickled fish are allowed.


Question: What are the risks of using tea tree oil?

Answer: Topical tea tree oil has been reported to cause allergic reactions that can be severe. Tea tree oil may also cause redness, itching, and blistering. It may aggravate burns and skin conditions like eczema. Using large quantities of tea tree oil on the skin could cause severe side effects. For topical use only. Tea tree oil must never be used in the eyes or swallowed. Even in small amounts, swallowing tea tree oil could potentially cause severe reactions, including severe rash, nausea, confusion, and coma. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, tea tree oil is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: How much tea tree oil should you take?

Answer: Tea tree oil is only a topical treatment it should never be taken by mouth. Because tea tree oil is an unproven treatment, there is no established dose. The concentrations of tea tree oil used in studies have varied depending on the medical condition. For instance, a 5% tea tree oil gel might be used for acne, while a 10% or higher tea tree oil cream might be used for athlete's foot. 100% tea tree oil solution has been used with toenail fungus. If you use tea tree oil, follow the instructions on the label or get advice from your doctor.


Question: Why do people use tea tree oil?

Answer: Tea tree oil has been used traditionally as a topical antiseptic and antifungal treatment. One study found that a dilution of tea tree oil worked as well as 5% benzoyl peroxide in controlling the symptoms of acne. It may be effective with toenail fungus and possibly athlete's foot. Studies of tea tree oil for other conditions such as gum disease, vaginal infections, and dandruff have been inconclusive.


Question: What causes a baby to have a cold?

Answer: Babies get so many colds because their immune system isn't yet ready to fight off the 100 or so viruses that cause these infections. The cold virus spreads through the air when someone who's sick coughs or sneezes. It also lands on surfaces such as toys and tables. When babies touch these surfaces and then put their hands in their mouths -- which they do a lot -- they give the cold virus an easy entry route. Babies often pick up colds at day care. Or they can catch it from older brothers and sisters who bring the virus home from school -- or from grown-ups who shook hands with someone who should have stayed home from work.


Question: What do you need to know when your baby has a cold?

Answer: Babies can catch eight or more during their first year alone. Though these sniffles and sneezes in babies are rarely serious, they're tough on parents, too -- and one of the biggest reasons for pediatrician visits. When you know how to help your child feel better and when to call the doctor, you can feel more confident until the cold is over. To help your little one feel better, let her get lots of rest and try one of these home remedies: Extra fluids.


Question: What is hyperhidrosis?

Answer: Primary hyperhidrosis (also called focal hyperhidrosis) causes excessive sweating in the hands, underarms, face, and feet without any apparent reason. Secondary hyperhidrosis (also called generalized hyperhidrosis) causes excessive sweating all over the body or in a larger area of the body and can be caused by excessive heat as well as a medical condition or medication.


Question: What causes hyperhidrosis?

Answer: The causes of hyperhidrosis depend on the type of sweating occurring. Most times, excessive sweating is harmless. In some cases, doctors don't know why people sweat too much. In other cases, the causes of hyperhidrosis may be a medical condition that you don't want to miss.


Question: What medical conditions cause secondary hyperhidrosis?

Answer: For the 1% to 2% of the population who have hyperhidrosis, however, the sweat glands don't shut off. Some of them include: Pregnancy Diabetes Hyperthyroidism Menopause Obesity Parkinson's disease Rheumatoid arthritis Lymphoma Gout Infection Uncovering the underlying condition and getting the proper treatment for it will help decrease the sweating of secondary hyperhidrosis.


Question: What causes primary hyperhidrosis?

Answer: When those factors are no longer an issue, the nerves that signal sweating are put on hold. They sweat even when the circumstances don't call for it: when they're in air conditioning, or while they're sitting and watching television. For instance, someone may only need to think of a situation that causes anxiety in order to break out in a profuse sweat. Doctors aren't sure why people have primary hyperhidrosis, although it may be hereditary. Many people tell their doctors they've experienced excessive sweating since they were a child.


Question: What are the side effects of primary hyperhidrosis?

Answer: Secondary hyperhidrosis (also called generalized hyperhidrosis) causes excessive sweating all over the body or in a larger area of the body and can be caused by excessive heat as well as a medical condition or medication. Other possible risks include bleeding into the chest and nerve problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

Answer: Here are some other symptoms: Clear, yellow, white, or green phlegm No fever, although you might have a low fever at times Tenderness or soreness in your chest when you cough You feel tired all the time Whistling or wheezing while you breath A rattling feeling in your chest Chills If you have symptoms that last longer than 3 months, you might have a chronic case. Some signs include: A stubborn cough with clear, yellow, white, or green phlegm (for at least 3 months of the year, and for more than 2 years in a row) Wheezing Chest discomfort You should see your doctor if you have symptoms of acute bronchitis and also have ongoing lung, heart or other medical problems or are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.


Question: When should you call the doctor about bronchitis?

Answer: Some signs include: A stubborn cough with clear, yellow, white, or green phlegm (for at least 3 months of the year, and for more than 2 years in a row) Wheezing Chest discomfort You should see your doctor if you have symptoms of acute bronchitis and also have ongoing lung, heart or other medical problems or are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Other times you should call your doctor: Your cough is so ongoing or severe that you can't sleep well or do your daily activities. Your cough keeps you awake at night. You cough up blood or mucus. Your cough lasts longer than a week. In otherwise healthy people, a cough from acute bronchitis can last 3 weeks. Your mucus becomes darker, thicker or increases in volume. Your cough has a barking sound and makes it hard to speak. It comes along with unexplained weight loss. If you have a fever above 100.4 F and a loss of appetite, wheezing or shortness of breath, and general achiness, see your doctor right away. Pneumonia may be the cause of your symptoms. Call 911 if you have chest pain or a hard time breathing.


Question: Which type of oxygen therapy device for heart failure may be right for you?

Answer: The basic idea is that you have a source of oxygen that you breathe in through either a: Mask that goes over your mouth and nose Nasal cannula -- two small tubes that sit just inside your nose The oxygen itself may come as a liquid or a gas in a tank. Or you may get a machine called an oxygen concentrator. Which one is best for you depends on: How much oxygen you need How often you need it -- day, night, or both Costs and what your insurance covers As a gas or liquid, oxygen comes in metal tanks that need to be refilled once they run out.


Question: What are side effects of oxygen therapy for heart failure?

Answer: As long as you follow your doctor's directions, oxygen therapy is generally considered safe. You may get minor problems such as: Dry or bloody nose Headaches in the morning Tiredness Oxygen can lead to fires.


Question: How does oxygen therapy for heart failure work?

Answer: The basic idea is that you have a source of oxygen that you breathe in through either a: Mask that goes over your mouth and nose Nasal cannula -- two small tubes that sit just inside your nose The oxygen itself may come as a liquid or a gas in a tank.


Question: When would I need oxygen therapy for heart failure?

Answer: Your doctor will usually suggest oxygen therapy when heart failure causes very low levels of oxygen. But if your levels are closer to normal, it's more of a gray area. In this case, recent studies seem to show that oxygen therapy may be harmful because you get too much oxygen. More research is needed, so ask your doctor what you should get.


Question: When is an oxygen concentrator used for oxygen therapy for heart failure?

Answer: And you can do it in your own home. The advantage of liquid oxygen over gas is that the tanks are lighter and hold more oxygen so you don't need as many refills. If you need oxygen often throughout the day and night, an oxygen concentrator may be the better choice, since constant tank refills can be costly and a hassle.


Question: When should you get Mohs surgery?

Answer: Mohs surgery is best in these situations: Your skin cancer is likely to come back or has already returned since your last treatment. It's located in a part of your body where it's important to keep as much healthy tissue as possible. It's especially big or grows fast. It has uneven edges.


Question: What should you expect after Mohs surgery?

Answer: Depending on your situation, she'll go with one of these: Stitch the wound closed. Let the incision heal by itself. Take a flap of skin from a nearby part of your body to help cover the wound. Take a skin graft from another part of your body to help cover the wound. Temporarily close the wound and set reconstructive surgery for later. Because your surgeon will be able to see the results right after the tissue is removed, you'll likely go home with all your skin cancer removed. But you may need to follow up with your doctor just to make sure your recovery is going well. You may have discomfort, bleeding, redness, or swelling after the procedure, but these issues should go away on their own before long. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to clean the wound and about any medicine you need to take. It's a good idea to have someone take you home afterwards. If you're taking sedatives or prescription painkillers, driving yourself home is not an option.


Question: What are the risks associated with Mohs surgery?

Answer: Mohs surgery is generally considered very safe, but there are some risks: Bleeding from the site of surgery Bleeding into the wound (hematoma) from surrounding tissue Pain or tenderness in the area where skin was removed Infection Although these are less likely to happen, there are other potential problems: You could have temporary or permanent numbness in the area where the skin was removed. If your tumor was large and your surgeon cut a muscle nerve while removing it, you might feel some weakness in that part of your body. You might feel itching or shooting pain. You could develop a thick, raised scar.


Question: Can cancer come back after Mohs surgery?

Answer: Mohs surgery has the highest cure rate of all treatments for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas -- more than 99% for new skin cancers and 95% if the cancer comes back. Your doctor will want to schedule regular follow-ups with you to check your skin for new cancers. Twice a year is normal, but you may need them more often if the cancer is an aggressive type that's more likely to come back. You and your doctor will decide on the right schedule.


Question: How is Mohs surgery done?

Answer: Mohs surgery is best in these situations: Your skin cancer is likely to come back or has already returned since your last treatment. That way the surgeon can easily examine the tissue once it's removed. The surgery usually lasts about 4 hours, and you'll go home the same day. But it can last longer, so set aside the whole day for it. Before your surgery, a doctor or nurse will clean the area. They'll then use a special pen to outline it and inject your skin with medicine so you won't feel any pain. The surgeon will remove the visible part of your cancer with a scalpel. She'll also remove a thin layer of tissue under the visible tumor and put on a temporary bandage. The tissue will then be taken to the lab to be looked at under a microscope. If there's still cancer, more layers will be removed, one at a time, until no more cancer can be seen. Cutting away the skin might take just a few minutes, but the analysis can take much longer, maybe up to an hour. You may want to bring a snack to eat or something to read to help pass the time.


Question: How can difficulty swallowing indicate tonsil stones (tonsilloliths)?

Answer: Depending on the location or size of the tonsil stone, it may be difficult or painful to swallow foods or liquids.


Question: How is bad breath an indicator of tonsil stones (tonsilloliths)?

Answer: One study of patients with a form of chronic tonsillitis used a special test to see if volatile sulfur compounds were contained in the subjects' breath. The presence of these foul-smelling compounds provides evidence of bad breath. The researchers found that 75% of the people who had abnormally high concentrations of these compounds also had tonsil stones. Other researchers have suggested that tonsil stones be considered in situations when the cause of bad breath is in question.


Question: Can tonsil stones (tonsilloliths) be prevented?

Answer: Since tonsil stones are more common in people who have chronic tonsillitis, the only surefire way to prevent them is with surgical removal of the tonsils. This procedure, known as a tonsillectomy, removes the tissues of the tonsils entirely, thereby eliminating the possibility of tonsillolith formation.


Question: What are tonsils?

Answer: Tonsils are made of tissue that contains lymphocytes -- cells in your body that prevent and fight infections. It is believed that the tonsils play a role in the immune system and are meant to function like nets, trapping incoming bacteria and virus particles that are passing through your throat. Some tonsil stones are visible in the back of the throat as a lump of solid white material. Also, antibiotics can have side effects.


Question: What causes tonsil stones (tonsilloliths)?

Answer: It is believed that the tonsils play a role in the immune system and are meant to function like nets, trapping incoming bacteria and virus particles that are passing through your throat. When this happens, the debris can become concentrated in white formations that occur in the pockets. Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, are formed when this trapped debris hardens, or calcifies.


Question: How is recurrent breast cancer treated?

Answer: Regional breast recurrence is rare. Treatment may include a combination of surgery, medication, and radiation. Treating a distant recurrence of breast cancer that has spread (called metastastic) can include: Hormone therapy and/or chemotherapy with or without Herceptin, depending if your cancer is hormone receptor ( ER) positive or positive for the HER2 gene. Using radiation therapy to shrink tumors or surgery to remove tumors. This is done to relieve pain or reduce other symptoms. Enrolling in clinical trials for new chemotherapy or hormone therapy agents.


Question: What should I know before I beign treatment for recurrent breast cancer?

Answer: Before treatment begins for metastatic breast cancer, the patient should be well-informed of all her options, including the risks and benefits of treatment. The focus of treatment for metastatic cancer is on extending life and having a good quality of life rather than cure.


Question: Who is most likely to have recurrent breast cancer?

Answer: Research shows breast cancer is more likely to come back after treatment in women who had: Cancer in the lymph nodes under the arms A large tumor An aggressive type of cancer Negative hormone receptors Positive HER2 receptor Breast cancer can recur or come back in three ways: The cancer can return at the original site.


Question: How is recurrent breast cancer diagnosed?

Answer: The doctor is checking to see if cancer is present and, if so, if it is a recurrence of the same type of cancer or a completely new cancer (which is called a second primary cancer.) If it is a recurrence, additional tests may include a bone scan, X-rays including CT scan, an MRI, blood tests, and PET scan. For more information, see Breast Cancer Recurrence.


Question: What causes REM sleep behavior disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of REM sleep behavior disorder ( RBD) is unknown, although the disorder may occur in association with various degenerative neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multisystem atrophy, diffuse Lewy body dementia, and Shy- Drager syndrome. In 55% of persons the cause is unknown, and in 45%, the cause is associated with alcohol or sedative-hypnotic withdrawal, tricyclic antidepressant (such as imipramine), or serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine) or other types of antidepressants (mirtazapine).


Question: What is the difference between REM sleep behavior disorder and normal sleep?

Answer: In a person with REM sleep behavior disorder ( RBD), the paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is incomplete or absent, allowing the person to "act out" his or her dreams. RBD is characterized by the acting out of dreams that are vivid, intense, and violent. Dream-enacting behaviors include talking, yelling, punching, kicking, sitting, jumping from bed, arm flailing, and grabbing.


Question: What are the physical symptoms of stress?

Answer: Emotional symptoms of stress include: Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing control or need to take control Having difficulty relaxing and quieting your mind Feeling bad about yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed Avoiding others Physical symptoms of stress include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability Nervousness and shaking, ringing in the ear, cold or sweaty hands and feet Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing Clenched jaw and grinding teeth Cognitive symptoms of stress include: Constant worrying Racing thoughts Forgetfulness and disorganization Inability to focus Poor judgment Being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side Behavioral symptoms of stress include: Changes in appetite -- either not eating or eating too much Procrastinating and avoiding responsibilities Increased use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes Exhibiting more nervous behaviors, such as nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing A little stress every now and then is not something to be concerned about.


Question: What are the emotional symptoms of stress?

Answer: Emotional symptoms of stress include: Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing control or need to take control Having difficulty relaxing and quieting your mind Feeling bad about yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed Avoiding others Physical symptoms of stress include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability Nervousness and shaking, ringing in the ear, cold or sweaty hands and feet Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing Clenched jaw and grinding teeth Cognitive symptoms of stress include: Constant worrying Racing thoughts Forgetfulness and disorganization Inability to focus Poor judgment Being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side Behavioral symptoms of stress include: Changes in appetite -- either not eating or eating too much Procrastinating and avoiding responsibilities Increased use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes Exhibiting more nervous behaviors, such as nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing A little stress every now and then is not something to be concerned about.


Question: What are the consequences of long-term stress?

Answer: Emotional symptoms of stress include: Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing control or need to take control Having difficulty relaxing and quieting your mind Feeling bad about yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed Avoiding others Physical symptoms of stress include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability Nervousness and shaking, ringing in the ear, cold or sweaty hands and feet Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing Clenched jaw and grinding teeth Cognitive symptoms of stress include: Constant worrying Racing thoughts Forgetfulness and disorganization Inability to focus Poor judgment Being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side Behavioral symptoms of stress include: Changes in appetite -- either not eating or eating too much Procrastinating and avoiding responsibilities Increased use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes Exhibiting more nervous behaviors, such as nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing A little stress every now and then is not something to be concerned about. Ongoing, chronic stress, however, can cause or exacerbate many serious health problems, including: Mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, and stroke Obesity and other eating disorders Menstrual problems Sexual dysfunction, such as impotence and premature ejaculation in men and loss of sexual desire in both men and women Skin and hair problems, such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema, and permanent hair loss Gastrointestinal problems, such as GERD, gastritis, ulcerative colitis, and irritable colon Stress is a part of life.


Question: What are the behavioral symptoms of stress?

Answer: Emotional symptoms of stress include: Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing control or need to take control Having difficulty relaxing and quieting your mind Feeling bad about yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed Avoiding others Physical symptoms of stress include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability Nervousness and shaking, ringing in the ear, cold or sweaty hands and feet Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing Clenched jaw and grinding teeth Cognitive symptoms of stress include: Constant worrying Racing thoughts Forgetfulness and disorganization Inability to focus Poor judgment Being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side Behavioral symptoms of stress include: Changes in appetite -- either not eating or eating too much Procrastinating and avoiding responsibilities Increased use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes Exhibiting more nervous behaviors, such as nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing A little stress every now and then is not something to be concerned about.


Question: What are the cognitive symptoms of stress?

Answer: Emotional symptoms of stress include: Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing control or need to take control Having difficulty relaxing and quieting your mind Feeling bad about yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed Avoiding others Physical symptoms of stress include: Low energy Headaches Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea Aches, pains, and tense muscles Chest pain and rapid heartbeat Insomnia Frequent colds and infections Loss of sexual desire and/or ability Nervousness and shaking, ringing in the ear, cold or sweaty hands and feet Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing Clenched jaw and grinding teeth Cognitive symptoms of stress include: Constant worrying Racing thoughts Forgetfulness and disorganization Inability to focus Poor judgment Being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side Behavioral symptoms of stress include: Changes in appetite -- either not eating or eating too much Procrastinating and avoiding responsibilities Increased use of alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes Exhibiting more nervous behaviors, such as nail biting, fidgeting, and pacing A little stress every now and then is not something to be concerned about.


Question: Where can you get help if you're stressed?

Answer: No part of the body is immune. What matters most is how you handle it. The best thing you can do to prevent stress overload and the health consequences that come with it is to know your stress symptoms. If you or a loved one is feeling overwhelmed by stress, talk to your doctor. Many symptoms of stress can also be signs of other health problems. Your doctor can evaluate your symptoms and rule out other conditions. If stress is to blame, your doctor can recommend a therapist or counselor to help you better handle your stress.


Question: What is the first step to controlling stress?

Answer: But recognizing stress symptoms may be harder than you think. Most of us are so used to being stressed, we often don't know we are stressed until we are at the breaking point. The best thing you can do to prevent stress overload and the health consequences that come with it is to know your stress symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of stress?

Answer: No part of the body is immune. But, because people handle stress differently, symptoms of stress can vary. Symptoms can be vague and may be the same as those caused by medical conditions. So it is important to discuss them with your doctor. You may experience any of the following symptoms of stress. Your doctor can evaluate your symptoms and rule out other conditions.


Question: What should I do with lupus medications that cause photosensitivity?

Answer: Many medications, including some used to treat lupus, can magnify the effects that sun has on a person's body, making them even more susceptible to the hazards of UV rays. Make sure to ask your doctor whether or not your medications will increase your sensitivity to sun or artificial light.


Question: What are symptoms of photosensitivity in people with lupus?

Answer: Other rashes might look like hives. Sunlight may cause also a lupus flare, resulting in fever, joint pain, or even organ inflammation.


Question: How do I avoid exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays indoors if I have lupus photosensitivity?

Answer: Many indoor offices and businesses use halogen and fluorescent light bulbs. Copy machines also have lighting mechanisms that emit UV rays that can cause lupus symptoms. Fortunately, there are shades, shields, filters, and tube covers available through several manufacturers that can offer protection from UV rays that aggravate your lupus. You can eliminate UV rays emitted by photocopiers by simply closing the cover of the machine while the copier is in use. Remember that windows do not offer full protection from UV rays. Your lupus can actually be aggravated by harmful rays you receive through a car or building window, so it is best to protect yourself with window shades or films that block UV rays.


Question: Why should I cover up my skin to avoid lupus rash due to photosensitivity?

Answer: Because it is not always possible to avoid the sun entirely, people with lupus should protect themselves with clothing, too. Rashes caused by photosensitivity usually occur on parts of the body that are most often exposed to sun, including the face, neck, ears, and hands. Hats with large brims, along with tightly woven, loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and long pants can help provide maximum coverage from the sun. People with lupus who work or spend a lot of time outside should consider wearing clothing that has built-in sun protection or using an umbrella made with special fabric designed to block UV rays. If you are fair-skinned and have light eyes and light hair, you should be even more careful when exposed to UV rays, because people with those features are more sensitive to the sun and artificial light than people who have darker hair and skin.


Question: How does sunscreen help prevent symptoms of lupus photosensitivity?

Answer: Anyone who is out in the sun for more than 20 minutes daily should apply sunscreen, but people who have lupus should be especially vigilant. Sunscreen should have a sun protection factor ( SPF) of at least 30. Studies used to suggest that UVB rays -- the rays responsible for burning -- were most dangerous to people with lupus.


Question: How can I prevent lupus photosensitivity?

Answer: If photosensitivity is a problem for you, here are some ways to protect yourself from the sun: If you are photosensitive, the best rule is to avoid midday and tropical sun entirely. Unfortunately, that's not always the most practical advice, especially if your job or family situation requires that you spend time outside or near UV rays. People with lupus should not stay in the sun for extended periods and should make every effort to avoid UV rays outside, which are at their peak between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Don't be fooled by an overcast day, because clouds don't filter out all of the sun's UV rays. Keep track of the time you spend in the sun. It can take anywhere from hours to days before skin abnormalities occur from sun exposure.


Question: How should I apply sunscreen if I have lupus photosensitivity?

Answer: Sunscreen should have a sun protection factor ( SPF) of at least 30. Sweat, water, contact, and clothing can all rub off the sunscreen you've applied. People often forget to apply sunscreen to their necks, backs, and ears, all of which are commonly affected by photosensitivity related to lupus.


Question: What do I need to know about lupus photosensitivity?

Answer: Many experience an increase in lupus symptoms after being exposed to ultraviolet ( UV) rays, either from the sun or from artificial light. If you are fair-skinned and have light eyes and light hair, you should be even more careful when exposed to UV rays, because people with those features are more sensitive to the sun and artificial light than people who have darker hair and skin.


Question: Do certain foods or drinks trigger migraines?

Answer: In some people, certain foods and drinks -- or things they contain -- can trigger a migraine. One well-accepted migraine trigger is tyramine.


Question: How can you check if tyramine is causing your migraine?

Answer: It can help you and your doctor find out if tyramine or some other trigger is to blame for your migraines. Take note of the time and date the headache starts. Then answer these questions: How exactly does the migraine feel? Where does the migraine episode fall in your menstrual cycle? What have you eaten recently? Have you been exposed to other common headache triggers, such as a change in altitude, change in temperature, strong smells, bright lights, loud noises, changes in sleep habits, or unusual stress? Remember, headaches may not start for 24 hours after you eat certain trigger foods. That's why including the foods you've eaten during the past day or two may help you figure out if tyramine is part of the problem.


Question: Which foods have tyramine?

Answer: It's especially found in aged and fermented foods, such as: Aged cheeses Smoked fish Cured meats Some types of beer Also, foods high in protein may contain more tyramine if: They have been stored for a long time They have not been kept cold enough Because of its chemical structure, tyramine is called a monoamine.


Question: Do foods high in protein contain tyramine?

Answer: It's especially found in aged and fermented foods, such as: Aged cheeses Smoked fish Cured meats Some types of beer Also, foods high in protein may contain more tyramine if: They have been stored for a long time They have not been kept cold enough Because of its chemical structure, tyramine is called a monoamine.


Question: When did researchers start suspecting that tyramine was related to migraine?

Answer: People taking the drugs began to get headaches and high blood pressure when they ate foods containing tyramine.


Question: Do experts fully understand how tyramine triggers migraines?

Answer: Experts are still trying to understand how tyramine triggers migraines. One explanation is that it causes nerve cells in your brain to release the chemical norepinephrine. Having higher levels of tyramine in your system -- along with an unusual level of brain chemicals -- can cause changes in the brain that lead to headaches.


Question: How can I check if tyramine is triggering my headache?

Answer: It can help you and your doctor find out if tyramine or some other trigger is to blame for your migraines. Take note of the time and date the headache starts. Then answer these questions: How exactly does the migraine feel? Where does the migraine episode fall in your menstrual cycle? What have you eaten recently? Have you been exposed to other common headache triggers, such as a change in altitude, change in temperature, strong smells, bright lights, loud noises, changes in sleep habits, or unusual stress? Remember, headaches may not start for 24 hours after you eat certain trigger foods. That's why including the foods you've eaten during the past day or two may help you figure out if tyramine is part of the problem.


Question: What foods contain tyramine?

Answer: It's especially found in aged and fermented foods, such as: Aged cheeses Smoked fish Cured meats Some types of beer Also, foods high in protein may contain more tyramine if: They have been stored for a long time They have not been kept cold enough Because of its chemical structure, tyramine is called a monoamine.


Question: How can tyramine trigger migraines?

Answer: Experts are still trying to understand how tyramine triggers migraines. One explanation is that it causes nerve cells in your brain to release the chemical norepinephrine. Having higher levels of tyramine in your system -- along with an unusual level of brain chemicals -- can cause changes in the brain that lead to headaches.


Question: How did scientists find the link between tyramine and headaches?

Answer: In some people, certain foods and drinks -- or things they contain -- can trigger a migraine. It's especially found in aged and fermented foods, such as: Aged cheeses Smoked fish Cured meats Some types of beer Also, foods high in protein may contain more tyramine if: They have been stored for a long time They have not been kept cold enough Because of its chemical structure, tyramine is called a monoamine. There's an enzyme in our bodies that breaks down monoamines called monoamine oxidase ( MAO). This enzyme helps process tyramine. Scientists made the connection after anti-depression drugs that inhibit MAO went on the market in the 1950s. People taking the drugs began to get headaches and high blood pressure when they ate foods containing tyramine. Experts are still trying to understand how tyramine triggers migraines.


Question: What studies connected foods with tyramine to migraine?

Answer: Tyramine is a substance found naturally in some foods. Higher in tyramine: Aged cheeses, cheddar, Stilton or blue, Camembert, Swiss, feta, Muenster, Parmesan Lower in tyramine: American cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, fresh milk, farmer's cheese, cream cheese, sour cream, soy cheese, soy milk Meat, poultry, and fish .


Question: What should you look for in the ingredients of cough medicine?

Answer: Don't just grab a bottle of anything that says "cough" on it. Check the label. Is it a suppressant or an expectorant? Is it both? Make sure you're getting what you need.


Question: Do I need to read the label on cough medicine?

Answer: After you choose the right medicine for you, read the label carefully, so you understand how to take it, common side effects, and any warnings you need to be aware of.


Question: How long should you be using cough medicine?

Answer: Don't use medicine for more than 7 days. If you do, you could be covering up a more serious problem. See your doctor if your cough is severe or if it doesn't get better after a week.


Question: How many types of cough medicines are there?

Answer: As a glance at the drugstore shelves will show you, there are many, many brands of OTC cough medicines. But there are only three basic types: Expectorants help thin mucus, making it easier to cough up.


Question: What kind of cough medicine thins mucus?

Answer: But there are only three basic types: Expectorants help thin mucus, making it easier to cough up. The ingredient guaifenesin is the only expectorant in the U. S., so look for it on the label if you need an expectorant.


Question: What kind of cough medicines contain both expectorants and suppressants?

Answer: Combination cough products have more than one active ingredient. They have both guaifenesin and dextromethorphan. Cough medicines may also contain ingredients to help coat and soothe the throat. Combination products may have medicines to ease other symptoms, that may include decongestants for stuffy nose, antihistamines for allergies or a runny nose, or painkillers. Choose a medicine that matches your symptoms. Cough drops can also help relieve a cough and may ease a sore throat.


Question: Can kids use cough medicine?

Answer: Make sure to choose the right medicine based on your child's age. Don't give cough and cold medicine to children under age 4. For kids 4 to 6, ask your doctor first. And always make sure to follow the dosing directions on the label.


Question: What does dairy allergy involve?

Answer: Dairy allergy involves the immune system: If you have it, your body reacts to the proteins in milk and other dairy products as if they're dangerous invaders. It releases substances that cause allergy symptoms. This allergic reaction can be mild (rashes) to severe (trouble breathing, loss of consciousness). Dairy allergy is one of most common allergies, especially in children. As many as 2 in every 100 children under 4 years old are allergic to milk. It's even more common in babies.


Question: What are the symptoms of a dairy allergy?

Answer: Some symptoms of lactose intolerance and dairy allergy may be the same: Diarrhea Nausea; sometimes vomiting Abdominal cramps Bloating Gas But dairy allergy can also cause a reaction in other parts of your body, including the skin and lungs: Rash Hives Swelling, often in the lips and face Wheezing Tightness in throat Trouble swallowing There may be blood in the stool (poop) too, especially in babies.


Question: What are severe symptoms of a dairy allergy?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction and often begins minutes after you eat a food you're allergic to, but sometimes it can happen hours later. It usually involves more than one symptom in more than one part of your body at the same time. If you have a severe allergy or if you've ever had anaphylaxis in the past, talk to your doctor about carrying an injectable epinephrine ( Adrenaclick, Auvi- Q, Epi Pen, a generic auto-injector, Symjepi) to slow down or stop the allergic reaction.


Question: What are some tips for living with lactose intolerance?

Answer: Lactose intolerance involves the digestive system: If you have it, your body doesn't make lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose. Lactose intolerance is easily managed, mostly by limiting the amount of dairy food and drink you consume. You can also try lactose-reduced ice cream and milk, or take lactase enzyme supplements when you eat dairy products to help your body digest lactose. If you have dairy allergy, you'll need to avoid all dairy foods and other foods that contain dairy products.


Question: What does lactose intolerance involve?

Answer: Dairy allergy involves the immune system: If you have it, your body reacts to the proteins in milk and other dairy products as if they're dangerous invaders. It's even more common in babies. Milk allergy is more common in children. About 2 hours later, the amount of glucose (sugar) in your bloodstream will be measured. If you're not digesting lactose, it will be broken down in your colon, releasing hydrogen that can be detected in your breath.


Question: How do I do a deep breathing exercise to help my stress and asthma?

Answer: Breathe into that spot and fill your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, and then let it out, similar to deflating a balloon. With every long, slow breath out, you should feel more relaxed.


Question: How are stress and asthma related?

Answer: An asthma trigger is anything that brings on asthma symptoms. When you have stress and asthma, you might feel short of breath, anxious, and even panicked. Stress may cause your asthma symptoms to worsen and cause you to feel frightened. When stress levels start to creep upward -- whether it's over bills, work, or your kids' jam-packed calendar -- asthma symptoms can kick into overdrive. As the wheezing and coughing gets worse, your health becomes one more reason to worry.


Question: How can you manage your stress with asthma?

Answer: Learn to change thought patterns that produce stress. Identify the major stressors in your life such as money problems, relationship problems, grief, too many deadlines, and lack of support. Try to avoid situations that trigger stress for you. Exercise Daily. Get some exercise. Exercising with asthma is an excellent way to burn off the accumulated effects of stress and also keep your body healthy. Delegate Responsibility. Provide emotional support. Practice Relaxation Exercises.


Question: How can relaxation exercises help treat my stress and asthma?

Answer: If you practice these exercises regularly, you can use relaxation exercises when needed to lessen the negative effects of stress. Relaxation exercises include diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing, imagery, repetitive phrases (repeating a phrase that triggers a physical relaxation, such as "relax and let go"), and progressive muscle relaxation. Deep Breathing Relaxation.