Question: What are the risks of calcium supplements?

Answer: At normal doses, calcium supplements may cause bloating, gas, and constipation. Very high doses of calcium can cause kidney stones. Research has found an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in some people taking calcium supplements in addition to a diet high in calcium, though the true accuracy of these findings is being actively debated by experts.


Question: Can calcium supplements help prevent osteporosis?

Answer: Because of its health benefits, calcium is one of the best-selling supplements in the U. S. Calcium is crucial in growing new bone and maintaining bone strength. Calcium supplements are standard for treating and preventing osteoporosis -- weak and easily broken bones -- and its precursor, osteopenia.


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat early breast cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy drugs used to treat early breast cancer include: Anthracyclines: This class of drugs includes doxorubicin ( Adriamycin) and epirubicin ( Ellence). Taxanes: This class of drugs includes docetaxel ( Taxotere) and paclitaxel ( Taxol). These drugs are often used with others like carboplatin, cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and fluorouracil (5- FU).


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat advanced breast cancer?

Answer: Drugs used to treat advanced breast cancer include: Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel or Abraxane) Capecitabine ( Xeloda) Eribulin ( Halaven) Gemcitabine ( Gemzar) Ixabepilone ( Ixempra) Liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil) Mitoxantrone Platinum (carboplatin, cisplatin) Vinorelbine ( Navelbine) Your doctor will probably talk to you about combining different chemo drugs.


Question: Can you still work during breast cancer chemotherapy?

Answer: Together, you and your doctor will decide when to start chemotherapy, what drugs to use, and a schedule for taking them. Ask what side effects you can expect from the medication.


Question: How can you receive chemotherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Some of the most common include: AC: Adriamycin and Cytoxan AT: Adriamycin and Taxotere CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and fluorouracil FAC: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan CAF: Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and fluorouracil ( FAC and CAF use the same medicines but in different doses and frequencies) You get chemotherapy as a pill or in a vein daily, weekly, or every 2-4 weeks. You may get one drug or a combination of them. Your treatment plan is designed for your particular situation. If your veins are hard to find, you may get a catheter in a large vein. These devices are inserted by a surgeon or radiologist and have an opening to the skin or a port under the skin, allowing chemotherapy medications to be given. They can also be used to give fluids or take blood samples. Once chemotherapy is finished, your catheter will be removed.


Question: How does chemotherapy help with breast cancer?

Answer: For breast cancer treatment, it has three major purposes: To prevent cancer from coming back after surgery and radiation. When chemotherapy is used this way, it's called adjuvant therapy. To shrink a tumor before surgery to make it easier to remove. This is called neo-adjuvant therapy. To kill cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. Together, you and your doctor will decide when to start chemotherapy, what drugs to use, and a schedule for taking them. Ask what side effects you can expect from the medication. Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells.


Question: How can I treat my migraines if I am pregnant?

Answer: Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters. If you have severe migraines, your doctor may suggest that you first try a treatment that's not a drug -- such as biofeedback, relaxation therapy, or stress management training. He may also recommend a preventive drug that has the lowest risk possible. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of taking preventive medications for migraine.


Question: When should I avoid preventive medicine for migraine headaches?

Answer: Other health conditions keep you from taking preventive drugs. Those drugs could mix badly with other medicines you take. You prefer treatments that don't involve meds.


Question: Are tricyclic antidepressants used to treat migraines?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline ( Aventyl) or nortriptyline ( Pamelor). Research suggests duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) may be helpful in preventing migraines.


Question: Can headaches increase during pregnancy?

Answer: Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters.


Question: If I am pregnant and have severe migraines, what are my treatment options?

Answer: If you have severe migraines, your doctor may suggest that you first try a treatment that's not a drug -- such as biofeedback, relaxation therapy, or stress management training. He may also recommend a preventive drug that has the lowest risk possible.


Question: When should I consider medication to prevent migraines?

Answer: You may want to consider medicine to prevent migraines if you: Have pain that hampers your life despite treatment Get at more than three moderate to severe headaches per month Take a lot of painkillers Don't get enough relief from meds you now take Have side effects from your headache drugs Have uncommon migraine conditions like continuing aura (blurred vision or seeing spots or wavy lines) Preventive medicine might not be right for you if: Your headaches are infrequent and controlled by anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen.


Question: When should I consider using medications to prevent migraines?

Answer: You may want to consider medicine to prevent migraines if you: Have pain that hampers your life despite treatment Get at more than three moderate to severe headaches per month Take a lot of painkillers Don't get enough relief from meds you now take Have side effects from your headache drugs Have uncommon migraine conditions like continuing aura (blurred vision or seeing spots or wavy lines) Preventive medicine might not be right for you if: Your headaches are infrequent and controlled by anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen.


Question: What beta-blockers are used to treat migraines?

Answer: These relax your blood vessels. Your doctor may suggest metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) or propranolol ( Inderal, Innopran XL).


Question: How can I learn about the risks and benefits of taking preventive migraine medications?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of taking preventive medications for migraine. Together, you can decide the best approach for you.


Question: What prescription drugs can help stop a migraine before it starts?

Answer: To do that, your doctor may consider these types of prescription drugs. Beta-blockers. These relax your blood vessels. Your doctor may suggest metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) or propranolol ( Inderal, Innopran XL). Botulinum toxin ( Botox). A doctor can inject small amounts around your face and scalp every 3 months to stop migraines from happening. Calcium-channel blockers. These include diltiazem ( Cardizem, Cartia, Covera HS, Tiazac) and verapamil ( Calan, Verelan). They ease the narrowing of your blood vessels. Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline ( Aventyl) or nortriptyline ( Pamelor). Research suggests duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) may be helpful in preventing migraines. CGRP Inhibitors. CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a molecule involved in causing migraine pain. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that block the effects of CGRP. Erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy) are specifically approved to prevent migraine attacks. You give yourself an injection once a month with a pen-like device. Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters.


Question: How do I recover from abdominal surgery to prevent inguinal hernia?

Answer: Try not to strain when you poop. You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort.


Question: Who gets inguinal hernia?

Answer: It happens in 2% to 3% of male babies, but less than 1% of baby girls. About 1 in 4 males will have one at some time in their life. It's most common in men over the age of 40. Abdominal surgery can make you more likely to develop a direct inguinal hernia. A family history of this condition raises your odds, too. Smokers may have a higher chance of having inguinal hernias, as well as many other health problems.


Question: What are symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

Answer: You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort.


Question: How does inguinal hernia form in older adults?

Answer: Older adults usually get a direct inguinal hernia because the muscles of their abdominal wall can weaken.


Question: What's the treatment for inguinal hernia?

Answer: Surgery can prevent strangulation, and it's the only way to fix an inguinal hernia. The doctor will push the bulging tissue back inside and strengthen your abdominal wall with stitches and perhaps mesh. She might be able to do this through a small cut in your belly using a special tool -- a procedure called laparoscopy -- which means you'll probably hurt less and heal faster than traditional surgery.


Question: How is inguinal hernia prevented?

Answer: You can't prevent being born with a weaker abdominal wall. But you can take steps to avoid having problems because of it, such as not smoking and keeping your weight in check.


Question: How does inguinal hernia form in babies?

Answer: A baby can get an indirect inguinal hernia if the lining of their abdomen doesn't fully close while they're developing. What's left is an opening at the upper part of the inguinal canal. That's where a hernia can take shape.


Question: How do doctors diagnose an inguinal hernia?

Answer: You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort. He'll probably ask you to stand and cough. This can make a hernia more obvious. If it hasn't produced any swelling that the doctor can see, he may order imaging tests, like an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.


Question: Why do people take forskolin?

Answer: But very little substantial evidence exists to back its use for any health condition.


Question: How is forskolin used to treat people with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy?

Answer: Another potential use of forskolin is for people with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy, which can cause heart failure. In a small study, patients who took forskolin through an IV showed improved heart function.


Question: What are the risks of taking forskolin?

Answer: It is not known whether taking forskolin is safe, because it has not been thoroughly studied. Some negative reactions to forskolin have been reported. These include: Flushing, fast heart beats, and low blood pressure when taken through an IV Upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, tremor, and restlessness when inhaled Stinging of the eyes and enlarging of the blood vessels in the eyes Headache People taking blood thinners or anti-platelet drugs should not take forskolin.


Question: How is forskolin used to treat glaucoma?

Answer: A small study indicates that forskolin may help relieve pressure in the eyes, which is often seen in glaucoma. It has also been found to be a safe alternative to beta blockers in glaucoma patients having concomitant asthma.


Question: How can forskolin help with asthma?

Answer: Forskolin has a long history as a folk remedy for asthma. Some research supports that. Forskolin appears to work in a way similar to certain types of conventional asthma drugs, by boosting the levels of a compound called cyclic AMP. This helps relax the muscles around the bronchial tubes to make breathing easier.


Question: What are optimal doses for forskolin?

Answer: Optimal doses for forskolin have not been established for any condition. Also, as with supplements generally, the quality of the active ingredients and the level of concentration in products that contain forskolin vary from maker to maker. Some experts recommend that forskolin only be taken under the supervision of a health care professional.


Question: What drugs can adversely interact with forskolin?

Answer: These include: Flushing, fast heart beats, and low blood pressure when taken through an IV Upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, tremor, and restlessness when inhaled Stinging of the eyes and enlarging of the blood vessels in the eyes Headache People taking blood thinners or anti-platelet drugs should not take forskolin. Also, certain high blood pressure drugs may interact with forskolin, including: Beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers Clonidine Hydralazine Avoid taking forskolin if you take such medications.


Question: What is forskolin?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Forskolin is made from the root of a plant in the mint family. The plant grows in Nepal, India, and Thailand. It has long been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.


Question: How can forskolin help with weight loss and muscle building?

Answer: After 12 weeks, they lost more body fat and had a greater increase in testosterone levels compared to similar men taking a placebo. But more research must be done to confirm these results and establish its safety. Some research supports that. In a small study, patients who took forskolin through an IV showed improved heart function.


Question: Why is cystoscopy performed?

Answer: A cystoscopy is a test to check the health of your urethra and bladder.


Question: What happens during a cystoscopy?

Answer: Flexible cystoscope. The doctor will help you find a comfortable position. The scope goes through the urethra and into your bladder. When your bladder is full of water, it stretches. This lets the doctor see your entire bladder wall. They'll ask you how it feels when it's full.


Question: What is cystoscopy?

Answer: You might also hear it called a cystourethroscopy or, more simply, a bladder scope. If you're a man, the opening is at the end of your penis. The test lets your doctor check the complete length of your urethra and the bladder for polyps, narrow areas called strictures, abnormal growths, and other problems.


Question: How does the cystoscopy test work?

Answer: They have lights and cameras that let your doctor examine the interior of your urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopes: a standard rigid cystoscope and a flexible cystoscope. The choice of which scope to use depends on the purpose of the exam. You'll lie on your back with your knees up and apart. They'll clean your urethra and numb the area. The scope goes through the urethra and into your bladder.


Question: How long does a cystoscopy take?

Answer: The procedure generally takes about 15 to 20 minutes. They'll call this a biopsy or tissue sample.


Question: Can iron supplements affect your stomach?

Answer: It's usually treated with supplements, but those can cause stomach pain and constipation and irritate your esophagus -- the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach.


Question: Can opioid painkillers affect your stomach?

Answer: Powerful opioid painkillers, like oxycodone or hydrocodone, can make you feel nauseous or have constipation, belly cramps, or bloating. Most over-the-counter laxatives don't help with this, but your doctor may be able to give you something that will.


Question: Can over-the-counter painkillers affect your stomach?

Answer: Aspirin can affect the lining of your stomach and cause belly pain and other problems. Other pain relievers, like ibuprofen and naproxen, can lead to heartburn, irritation, and other stomach trouble, too. If that happens, you might try taking these with food or with a drug that treats heartburn.


Question: Can cholesterol drugs affect your stomach?

Answer: If your blood has high levels of cholesterol, which can cause heart problems, your doctor might recommend medicine to bring those down. Some of those can affect your digestion and cause problems like gas, constipation, or diarrhea. It's rare, but cholesterol drugs known as statins can cause problems with your liver, too.


Question: Can medicine for pain cause stomach problems?

Answer: But some can upset your stomach or cause other trouble with your digestive system. If you have issues like this, talk with your doctor. She might suggest something else or suggest you change your dose. Powerful opioid painkillers, like oxycodone or hydrocodone, can make you feel nauseous or have constipation, belly cramps, or bloating.


Question: Can antibiotics affect your stomach?

Answer: But some can upset your stomach or cause other trouble with your digestive system. Doctors use these to clear up infections caused by bacteria, but some people have nausea, diarrhea, and gas when they take them.


Question: Is there a cure for testicular cancer?

Answer: Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread.


Question: What should I expect when I go to the doctor with suspected testicular cancer?

Answer: During your visit, you will be asked to talk about symptoms and any illnesses you have had in the past. The doctor will feel the scrotum for lumps. Samples of blood and urine may be taken for testing. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. ( Ultrasound is a painless test that creates images by using high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through body tissues.) You also may be given a chest X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan.


Question: What should I do if I think I have testicular cancer?

Answer: Low back pain Swollen breasts If you have symptoms of testicular cancer, don't panic. Many times, changes in the testicles are not cancer. But, you should contact your doctor to find the cause of your symptoms.


Question: Can testicular cancer be cured?

Answer: Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread.


Question: What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?

Answer: A sudden gathering of fluid in the scrotum.


Question: What does testicular cancer mean?

Answer: The scrotum is located behind the penis. This type of cancer, although relatively rare, mostly affects men between ages 15 and 35 (although it can affect males at any age), and in a man's 60s. Many times, changes in the testicles are not cancer. When testicular cancer is present, the testicle typically is removed.


Question: How can someone prevent testicular cancer?

Answer: To do a self-exam, follow these steps. Do the exam after a warm shower or bath. The warmth relaxes the skin of the scrotum, making it easier to feel for anything unusual. Use both hands to examine each testicle. Place your index and middle fingers underneath the testicle and your thumbs on top. Roll the testicle between your thumbs and fingers. ( It's normal for testicles to be different sizes.) As you feel the testicle, you may notice a cord-like structure on top and in back of the testicle. This structure is called the epididymis. It stores and transports sperm. Do not confuse it with a lump. Feel for any lumps. Lumps can be pea-size or larger and are often painless. If you notice a lump, contact your doctor. Also check for any change in size, shape, or consistency of the testes. You should also get a physical exam once a year. After a while, you will know how your testicles feel and will be more alert to any changes. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread.


Question: What should I expect when I go to the doctor for testicular cancer?

Answer: After a while, you will know how your testicles feel and will be more alert to any changes. The doctor will feel the scrotum for lumps. Samples of blood and urine may be taken for testing. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. ( Ultrasound is a painless test that creates images by using high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through body tissues.) You also may be given a chest X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan.


Question: What should I expect if testicular cancer is found in me?

Answer: Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor in a testicle. In most men, removing the testicle should not lead to problems with having children or sex. The remaining testicle will continue making sperm and the male hormone testosterone. To re-establish a normal appearance, a man may be able to have a testicular prosthesis surgically implanted in the scrotum which looks and feels like a normal testicle.


Question: What happens when testicular cancer is present?

Answer: Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor in a testicle. In most men, removing the testicle should not lead to problems with having children or sex. The remaining testicle will continue making sperm and the male hormone testosterone. To re-establish a normal appearance, a man may be able to have a testicular prosthesis surgically implanted in the scrotum which looks and feels like a normal testicle.


Question: How can blood sugar affect the eyes of people with diabetes?

Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels.


Question: How do doctors get a better look at the inside of the eye for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Your medical doctor can help you better control blood sugar and can treat other complications of diabetes that may worsen diabetic retinopathy, such as impaired kidney or heart function. Your ophthalmologist can directly treat retinopathy with a laser or a surgical procedure called vitrectomy, to prevent further vascular changes and preserve vision.


Question: How can you lower your chances of getting diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Studies have shown that maintaining near-normal blood sugar can decrease the chance of developing retinopathy and can help keep existing retinopathy from getting worse. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.


Question: How can diabetic retinopathy be detected early?

Answer: Routine screening offers the best hope for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. People with type 1 diabetes should have a complete eye exam within five years of diagnosis; those with type 2 should have an eye exam at the time their diabetes is diagnosed. After these initial exams, all people with diabetes should have an eye exam at least once a year.


Question: Does treatment for diabetic retinopathy restore lost vision?

Answer: Although both of these treatments can be very effective, your expectations for either treatment should be realistic. Typically laser or surgical treatment will not restore lost vision; however, treatment can prevent any additional loss of eyesight. If you already have vision loss, your doctor can counsel you about options for visual rehabilitation.


Question: What exams can help to diagnose diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. To get a better look at the inside of the eye, your doctor might administer drops to dilate your pupils and will then view the retina with lenses and a special light called a slit lamp.


Question: Are there complications of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Rare complications of treatment may include blurred vision, headache, glaucoma, difficulty seeing in the dark, decreased peripheral and color vision, and bleeding. In most cases when treatment is recommended, the benefits outweigh the risks.


Question: Can I get retinopathy if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: Women who suddenly develop diabetes during a pregnancy (gestational diabetes) are not at risk of developing retinopathy during the pregnancy.


Question: What raises your chances of getting diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity can all promote diabetic retinopathy and should be treated. Smoking is also a culprit: Consult with your doctor about methods for quitting. Never ignore the symptoms of infection, which can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery can affect existing retinopathy, too, so discuss the timing of treatments for retinopathy and cataracts with your doctor.


Question: How can I be treated for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Treatment for diabetic retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. Your medical doctor can help you better control blood sugar and can treat other complications of diabetes that may worsen diabetic retinopathy, such as impaired kidney or heart function.


Question: What causes macular edema?

Answer: Frequently, fluid accumulates in the part of the retina used in tasks such as reading; this condition is called macular edema.


Question: What is checked in an eye exam if you have diabetes?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function.


Question: When should you call your doctor about diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar. You have vision loss and would like to discuss options for improving your vision.


Question: How often should I get an eye exam if I am having a baby and have diabetes?

Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams.


Question: What does diabetic retinopathy affect?

Answer: High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity can all promote diabetic retinopathy and should be treated. Smoking is also a culprit: Consult with your doctor about methods for quitting. Never ignore the symptoms of infection, which can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery can affect existing retinopathy, too, so discuss the timing of treatments for retinopathy and cataracts with your doctor.


Question: How do doctors test for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. For this test, the doctor injects a fluorescent yellow dye into one of your veins and then photographs your retina as the dye outlines the blood vessels.


Question: How can I decrease the chances of developing diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Studies have shown that maintaining near-normal blood sugar can decrease the chance of developing retinopathy and can help keep existing retinopathy from getting worse. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.


Question: What is neovascularization?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma.


Question: Are there drugs or surgeries that can prevent diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: How does laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy work?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: How can I decrease the chances of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.


Question: Are there any complications of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Rare complications of treatment may include blurred vision, headache, glaucoma, difficulty seeing in the dark, decreased peripheral and color vision, and bleeding. In most cases when treatment is recommended, the benefits outweigh the risks.


Question: What happens in an eye exam for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: When you visit an ophthalmologist, he or she will question you about your medical history and vision and will ask you to read an eye chart. Treatment for diabetic retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor.


Question: What causes diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. The vitreous fluid is then replaced with a substitute fluid.


Question: What treatments are available for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: Does pregnancy affect diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy.


Question: What causes advanced diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In advanced cases, the retina is robbed of its blood supply and grows new, but defective, vessels -- a process called neovascularization. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision.


Question: How much treatments do I need to treat diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: Is diabetic retinopathy preventable?

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy can be minimized with a combination of strict blood sugar control and routine screening with eye exams -- though even with optimal medical care, it is not always possible to prevent or slow retinal damage. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar.


Question: How can I be tested for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. It's not always easy to stick to the disciplined lifestyle necessary to control your blood sugar; don't hesitate to tell your doctor if you need extra support to adhere to his guidelines. After these initial exams, all people with diabetes should have an eye exam at least once a year.


Question: Can diabetic retinopathy be directly treated?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your ophthalmologist can directly treat retinopathy with a laser or a surgical procedure called vitrectomy, to prevent further vascular changes and preserve vision. Don't be surprised if your doctor recommends one of these treatments before you notice any vision problems: Before problems start is usually the best time for treatment. Your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings depending on the severity of retinal damage and on other diabetes complications you have.


Question: How often should you be tested for high triglycerides?

Answer: Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years. Children should have it done at least once between the ages of 9 and 11, and one more between 17 and 21. If you're making changes to your diet or taking a medication for high cholesterol or triglycerides, experts advise you to get a lipid profile afterward.


Question: What do triglycerides results mean?

Answer: Your triglyceride levels are measured in one of two ways: milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or millimoles per liter (mmol/ L). Normal: Less than 150 mg/d L, or less than 1.7 mmol/ L Borderline high: 150 to 199 mg/d L or 1.8 to 2.2 mmol/ L High: 200 to 499 mg/d L or 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/ L Very high: 500 mg/d L or above or 5.7 mmol/ L or above If you're a healthy adult, you should get a lipid profile every 4-6 years.


Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) treated?

Answer: When treatment is sought, behavioral therapy or psychotherapy in individual or group settings may help. Doctors sometimes use certain psychiatric medications like mood stabilizers or some atypical antipsychotics to treat symptoms like impulsive aggression. The FDA has not approved any medications specifically for antisocial personality disorder.


Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosed?

Answer: To be diagnosed with ASPD, a person would have to have shown symptoms before age 15. A diagnosis can't be made until age 18, though. Symptoms are usually at their worst during a person's late teenage years and in their 20s, but may improve on their own over time. The disorder is hard to treat. People with ASPD rarely seek help on their own, because they often think they don't need it.


Question: What conditions are related to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

Answer: ASPD makes people uncaring. Modern diagnostic systems consider ASPD to include two related but not identical conditions: A "psychopath" is someone whose hurtful actions toward others tend to reflect calculation, manipulation and cunning; they also tend not to feel emotion and mimic (rather than experience) empathy for others. By contrast, "sociopaths" are somewhat more able to form attachments to others but still disregard social rules; they tend to be more impulsive, haphazard, and easily agitated than people with psychopathy.


Question: How long does a spinal x-ray last?

Answer: An X-ray takes about 5 minutes to complete. But you may in the room for longer, depending on how many images and views your doctor needs. When your X-ray session is done, the technician will process the images. He may ask you to wait a few minutes to make sure the pictures are clear.


Question: What is a rare complication of impetigo?

Answer: The most common cause of impetigo is bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus.


Question: What are causes of impetigo?

Answer: A rare complication of impetigo is a severe kidney disease called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The most common cause of impetigo is bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. Another bacteria source is group A streptococcus. These bacteria lurk everywhere. The most common way for your child to get impetigo is when he has contact with someone who has the infection, such as playing contact sports like wrestling. It's especially easy to pick it up if your kid has an open wound or a fresh scratch. You can also catch impetigo if you share the same clothes, bedding, towels, or other objects with someone with the infection. Your child is more likely to get impetigo if he has other skin problems, such as eczema, body lice, insect bites, or fungal infections.


Question: What is impetigo?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If your child gets red sores, especially around the nose and mouth, he could have impetigo. It's a skin infection caused by a bacteria, and it spreads easily. It's most common in babies and young children, but adults can get it too.


Question: Do you need allergy shots for insect sting allergies?

Answer: Insect sting allergies: Again, the best thing is to try to avoid getting stung. But allergy shots can make a reaction less severe. If you're highly allergic and anaphylaxis is a possibility, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit with an epinephrine shot. Carry two with you at all times if your doctor prescribes them. Use one in case of an emergency, then call 911.


Question: Which over-the-counter antihistamines can help with treating allergies?

Answer: Antihistamines , which you can get over the counter, block the effects of chemicals your body makes that cause the allergic reactions.


Question: How do results of allergy tests vary?

Answer: Results can differ from one test or one lab to another. Your doctor can help figure out which tests are best for you and help you understand what the results mean.


Question: What helps if you have food allergies?

Answer: Food allergies: Your best bet is to stay away from the problem food. If your reaction is mild -- the food makes you itch or makes your eyes water -- antihistamines or topical creams might be all you need. If you're highly allergic and likely to go into anaphylactic shock, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit and show you how to use it. Keep two with you at all times. They contain a preloaded epinephrine shot. If you think you're having an emergency, don't wait to take it. Then call 911.


Question: How can an epinephrine shot help with treating allergies?

Answer: If you're highly allergic and anaphylaxis is a possibility, your doctor will prescribe an emergency kit with an epinephrine shot.


Question: What is the most common test for allergies?

Answer: The most common test for respiratory, penicillin, insect sting, skin, and food allergies is a skin prick or scratch test. The doctor scratches a small amount of the allergen into your skin and watches for swelling, itchiness, and redness in that area. Other tests look for signs in the blood that are linked to allergies.


Question: How can allergy shots help with treating allergies?

Answer: Allergy shots -- also called immunotherapy or allergy desensitization therapy -- may help ease attacks. You'll get small amounts of things that trigger your symptoms, like pollen. They'll help your body get used to that allergen. It may take a year before they really start to work.


Question: How can antihistamines help with treating allergies?

Answer: Antihistamines , which you can get over the counter, block the effects of chemicals your body makes that cause the allergic reactions.


Question: Is adrenal fatigue real?

Answer: Do you crave salty foods? Maybe you've been to several doctors and none of them can say what's wrong with you. If you see a naturopathic (a system of alternative medicine based on the theory that diseases can be successfully treated or prevented without the use of drugs, by techniques such as control of diet, exercise, and massage) or a complementary (non-mainstream) medicine doctor, they might say that you have adrenal fatigue. Yet most traditional doctors say this condition isn't real.


Question: What is the theory behind adrenal fatigue?

Answer: Your body's immune system responds by revving up when you're under stress. Your adrenal glands, which are small organs above your kidneys, respond to stress by releasing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones are part of your "fight or flight" response. They increase your blood pressure and your heart rate. According to the theory, if you have long-term stress (like the death of a family member or a serious illness), your adrenal glands burn out from prolonged production of cortisol. So adrenal fatigue sets in. There's no approved test for adrenal fatigue. Blood tests can't detect a small drop in adrenal production.


Question: What is the treatment for adrenal fatigue?

Answer: The suggested treatments for healthy adrenal function are a diet low in sugar, caffeine, and junk food, and âtargeted nutritional supplementationâ that includes vitamins and minerals: Vitamins B5, B6, and B12 Vitamin C Magnesium There's no science to back it up.


Question: Is adrenal fatigue a myth?

Answer: The suggested treatments for healthy adrenal function are a diet low in sugar, caffeine, and junk food, and âtargeted nutritional supplementationâ that includes vitamins and minerals: Vitamins B5, B6, and B12 Vitamin C Magnesium There's no science to back it up. The Endocrine Society, the world's largest organization of endocrinologists (people who research and treat patients with diseases related to glands and hormones), flatly says that adrenal fatigue is not a real disease. And it says the symptoms of adrenal fatigue are so general, they can apply to many diseases or conditions (depression, sleep apnea, fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, or many other conditions) or stem from everyday life. And the society says some of the treatments can be dangerous. Improving your diet will probably make you feel better, no matter what ailment you have, but taking unidentified supplements to help your body produce extra cortisol if you don't need them may cause your adrenal glands to stop working, it warns.


Question: What is adrenal fatigue?

Answer: The term "adrenal fatigue" was coined in 1998 by James Wilson, Ph D, a naturopath and expert in alternative medicine. He describes it as a "group of related signs and symptoms (a syndrome) that results when the adrenal glands function below the necessary level." He says it's usually associated with intense stress and often follows chronic infections like bronchitis, flu, or pneumonia. Wilson says people with it may not have any physical signs of illness but still may feel tired, "gray," and have fatigue that doesn't get better with sleep. They also crave salty snacks.


Question: What are some hormonal imbalances of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.


Question: What symptoms of pancreatic cancer may arise as the cancer progresses?

Answer: Symptoms that may arise include: Significant weight loss accompanied by abdominal pain -- the most likely warning signs. Vague but gradually worsening abdominal pain that may decrease when leaning forward and increase when lying down. Pain is often severe at night and may radiate to the lower back. Digestive or bowel complaints such as diarrhea, constipation, gas pains, bloating, or belching. Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Jaundice, which is usually painless and is indicated by yellowish discoloration of the skin and eye whites, very dark urine, and light-colored stools. Sudden onset of glucose tolerance disorder, such as diabetes. Black or bloody stool, indicating bleeding from the digestive tract. Overall weakness. Enlarged liver and gallbladder. Itching. Blood clots in the legs. Mental status changes, such as a new onset of depression.


Question: What are symptoms of hormonal imbalances caused by pancreatic cancer?

Answer: A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.


Question: Why is pancreatic cancer usually not detected until late?

Answer: Because signs and symptoms of most pancreatic cancer may be mistaken for less-serious digestive problems, the disease is rarely detected before it has spread to nearby tissues or distant organs via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.


Question: How can you keep someone from Alzheimer's disease from becoming constipated?

Answer: Some Alzheimer's medications can cause constipation. It can also happen if someone doesn't eat or drink enough. Make sure your loved one: Gets plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in her diet. These are great sources of fiber, which can help curb constipation. Drinks enough water and other fluids. Stays active. Exercise can help get things moving in the bathroom, too.


Question: How can you ease dry mouth for someone with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Remind your loved one to drink water, and try other ways to avoid dry mouth: Dunk breads, toast, cookies, or crackers in milk, hot chocolate, or tea to soften them. Remind her to take a drink after each bite of food to moisten her mouth and help her swallow. Add broth or sauces to foods to make them softer and wetter. Offer sour candy or fruit ice to help her mouth make more saliva.


Question: Can good nutrition ese symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease?

Answer: There's no special diet for people with Alzheimer's disease, but good nutrition can ease some symptoms and help them feel good.


Question: How can I keep the weight up of someone with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: To help your loved one keep up her weight and get the right nutrients: Offer smaller meals or snacks more often. Give her a daily multivitamin. Help her focus on the more nutritious, higher-calorie foods in the meal first. Prepare things that are easy to eat. Make meals enjoyable. Trouble chewing or swallowing could be a choking risk, so talk to her doctor if she has a hard time. He can recommend a special diet or foods that are easier to eat. A spoon and bowl may be betterthan a fork and plate.


Question: How is fatigue a symptom of heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can leave you feeling exhausted after everyday activities.


Question: What does it mean if you get fatigue if you have heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can leave you feeling exhausted after everyday activities.


Question: Can I stop heart treatment failure if my symptoms go away?

Answer: But even you've been carefully following doctor's orders, it's crucial to keep an eye out for the return of symptoms. That's because heart failure can be under control for a time and then become an issue again.


Question: What does it mean if you have a lack of appetite or nausea if you have heart failure?

Answer: Because blood is being moved away from your digestive system, your appetite may not be as big as it usually is. You might also feel sick to your stomach.


Question: What does it mean if you have an increased heart rate if you have heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can lead to palpitations, which could cause your heart to race or feel like it's fluttering or throbbing.


Question: How is a persistent cough a symptom of heart failure?

Answer: This causes fluid to leak into your lungs. Fluid can build up in your tissues just like it does in your lungs.


Question: What does it mean if you have trouble breathing or shortness of breath if you have heart failure?

Answer: This causes fluid to leak into your lungs. Your doctor may call it pulmonary edema. This can make it hard to breathe during activities, rest, or even sleep. A sudden lack of breath might wake you up. You may need to prop yourself up with extra pillows to breathe easier. This constant search for air can leave you tired and anxious. Fluid can build up in your tissues just like it does in your lungs.


Question: How can an increased heart rate be a symptom of heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can lead to palpitations, which could cause your heart to race or feel like it's fluttering or throbbing.


Question: What is the best diet to treat hiatal hernia?

Answer: Oil and butter The following foods are low-acid-producing foods and are less likely to aggravate your hiatal hernia symptoms: Bananas and apples Green beans, peas, carrots, and broccoli Grains, like cereals (bran and oatmeal), bread, rice, pasta, and crackers Low-fat or skim milk and low-fat yogurt Fat-free cheeses, cream cheese, and fat-free sour cream Lean meat, chicken, and fish Water Pretzels, graham crackers, rice cakes, and baked potato chips Low-fat sweets (no chocolate or mint) You may find that some of the foods listed under "foods to avoid" may not bother you, while others on the "foods to enjoy" list may cause discomfort. Everyone tolerates food differently. To determine the best diet for you, keep a food diary for a few weeks.


Question: What foods are less likely to aggravate symptoms of hiatal hernia?

Answer: Oil and butter The following foods are low-acid-producing foods and are less likely to aggravate your hiatal hernia symptoms: Bananas and apples Green beans, peas, carrots, and broccoli Grains, like cereals (bran and oatmeal), bread, rice, pasta, and crackers Low-fat or skim milk and low-fat yogurt Fat-free cheeses, cream cheese, and fat-free sour cream Lean meat, chicken, and fish Water Pretzels, graham crackers, rice cakes, and baked potato chips Low-fat sweets (no chocolate or mint) You may find that some of the foods listed under "foods to avoid" may not bother you, while others on the "foods to enjoy" list may cause discomfort.


Question: When should I talk to a doctor about managing hiatal hernia?

Answer: If these diet and lifestyle tips don't help, or you need additional relief, over-the-counter antacids and acid-reducing or blocking drugs may help control your heartburn symptoms. Talk to your doctor to learn more about over-the-counter or prescription medications to treat your symptoms. Surgery may be needed in rare cases. Hiatal hernia symptoms can be bothersome.


Question: What foods may cause symptoms of hiatal hernia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When you have a hiatal hernia, it is easier for stomach acids to come up into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach. Citrus foods, such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, and orange juice, grapefruit juice, cranberry juice, and lemonade Chocolate Fatty and fried foods, such as fried chicken and fatty cuts of meat Garlic and onions Spicy food Peppermint and spearmint Tomato-based foods such as spaghetti sauce, pizza, chili, salsa, and tomato juice Coffee, tea (including decaffeinated versions), and alcohol Carbonated beverages Dairy products, such as whole milk, ice cream, and creamed food. Try soy milk; it may be a good milk substitute. Also, mild cheeses, like feta or goat, may be enjoyed in moderation. Oil and butter The following foods are low-acid-producing foods and are less likely to aggravate your hiatal hernia symptoms: Bananas and apples Green beans, peas, carrots, and broccoli Grains, like cereals (bran and oatmeal), bread, rice, pasta, and crackers Low-fat or skim milk and low-fat yogurt Fat-free cheeses, cream cheese, and fat-free sour cream Lean meat, chicken, and fish Water Pretzels, graham crackers, rice cakes, and baked potato chips Low-fat sweets (no chocolate or mint) You may find that some of the foods listed under "foods to avoid" may not bother you, while others on the "foods to enjoy" list may cause discomfort. Eating fast can make heartburn symptoms worse.


Question: Who's more likely to have HPV?

Answer: In women, an increased risk of a persistent HPV infection is associated with: Early initiation of sexual activity Having multiple sex partners Having a partner who has had multiple sex partners Having sex with an uncircumcised man Because a pelvic exam is usually normal in women with cervical dysplasia, a Pap test is necessary to diagnose the condition.


Question: With cervical dysplasia, how are abnormal cells removed?

Answer: During LEEP, the doctor cuts out abnormal tissue with a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop.


Question: What are the treatments for cervical dysplasia?

Answer: Mild cervical dysplasia sometimes resolves without treatment, and may only require careful observation with Pap tests every three or six months. But moderate-to-severe cervical dysplasia -- and mild cervical dysplasia that persists for two years -- usually requires treatment to remove the abnormal cells and reduce the risk of cervical cancer.


Question: How is smoking linked to cervical dysplasia?

Answer: Among women with a chronic HPV infection, smokers are twice as likely as nonsmokers to develop severe cervical dysplasia, because smoking suppresses the immune system.


Question: What vaccines can help prevent cervical dysplasia?

Answer: Three vaccines -- Gardasil, Gardasil-9, and Cervarix -- have been approved by the FDA to help prevent infection with some types of HPV, including the types that cause most cases of cervical cancer. According to guidelines endorsed by the CDC and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, boys and girls both should be vaccinated between ages 11 and 12 before they become sexually active; those between ages 13 and 26 who have not yet received the vaccine should also be vaccinated.


Question: How can women lower the risk of getting cervical dysplasia?

Answer: Women can lower their risk of cervical dysplasia by avoiding the high-risk sexual behaviors associated with HPV infection, such as early sexual initiation and having multiple sexual partners. Sexually active women whose male partners correctly use condoms during every sexual encounter may have up to a 70% reduced risk of HPV infection.


Question: What is a cervical dysplasia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina. Strongly associated with sexually transmitted human papillomavirus ( HPV) infection, cervical dysplasia is most common in women under age 30 but can develop at any age. But women who go undiagnosed or who don't receive appropriate care are at higher risk of developing cervical cancer.


Question: What is the cause of cervical dysplasia?

Answer: In many women with cervical dysplasia, HPV is found in cervical cells. Of the more than 100 different strains of HPV, more than one-third of them can be sexually transmitted, and two particular types -- HPV 16 and HPV 18 -- are strongly associated with cervical cancer.


Question: How can non-verbal communication help if you have trouble speaking with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Use expressions and gestures to communicate. Non-verbal communication can help people with speech difficulties actually speak better by: Reducing the frustration and stress of being unable to communicate. Alleviating the pressure to speak. Allowing the person to be more relaxed and come across in a more understandable manner.


Question: Are multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis different?

Answer: That's not so with multiple sclerosis.


Question: Is multiple sclerosis diagnosed earlier in life than amoytrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer: It's usually discovered between the ages of 20 and 40. ALS is often diagnosed between 40 and 70.


Question: How does amoytrophic lateral sclerosis attack the nerve cells?

Answer: ALS breaks down the actual nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. These cells, called motor neurons, are in charge of the voluntary muscles in your arms, legs, and face. You lose control of your motor functions, and as the motor neurons break down, the myelin sheaths harden.


Question: What is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis and amoytrophic lateral sclerosis among races?

Answer: MS is most common in Caucasians. ALS affects all ethnic groups equally.


Question: Are multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis inherited diseases?

Answer: ALS can be inherited, but MS can't. Up to 10% of ALS cases are passed down directly through genes. That's not so with multiple sclerosis.


Question: What are the later stage symptoms of amoytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Answer: As ALS attacks the nerves that deal with movement, your symptoms will get worse. In the later stages of the disease, you can have: Slurred speech Shortness of breath Trouble breathing Trouble swallowing An inability to move (paralysis) Most people with ALS live 5 years or less after their diagnosis, but some live much longer.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis affect other parts of the body besides the nerves?

Answer: Unlike ALS, which affects only nerves involved in movement, MS can also affect your: Senses -- taste, smell, touch, sight Bladder control Mental and emotional health Sensitivity to temperature Because of complications related to the disease, the life expectancy of someone with MS is about 7 years less than someone without it, research suggests.


Question: What is the prognosis for people with amoytrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer: In the later stages of the disease, you can have: Slurred speech Shortness of breath Trouble breathing Trouble swallowing An inability to move (paralysis) Most people with ALS live 5 years or less after their diagnosis, but some live much longer. Research is underway to find treatments to extend and improve the quality of life.


Question: What are the similarities between multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer: They both: Affect your muscles and your ability to move your body Attack your brain and spinal cord Have âsclerosisâ in their name Cause scarring or hardening around nerve cells They have some key differences, though.


Question: What is the life expectancy of someone with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Unlike ALS, which affects only nerves involved in movement, MS can also affect your: Senses -- taste, smell, touch, sight Bladder control Mental and emotional health Sensitivity to temperature Because of complications related to the disease, the life expectancy of someone with MS is about 7 years less than someone without it, research suggests.


Question: How does multiple sclerosis affect myelin sheaths?

Answer: When you have MS, your body attacks the myelin sheaths in your brain and spinal cord. When myelin sheaths are damaged, signals from your brain to other parts of your body get short-circuited.


Question: What does amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis cause?

Answer: Sclerosisâ comes the Greek word for âscar.â Both ALS and MS cause scarring of the covering of nerve fibers. But the process of how that happens is different for each. Nerve cells in your body are wrapped in thin coverings called myelin sheaths. They protect these cells, similar to how insulation protects electrical wires.


Question: How long do people live after diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer: In the later stages of the disease, you can have: Slurred speech Shortness of breath Trouble breathing Trouble swallowing An inability to move (paralysis) Most people with ALS live 5 years or less after their diagnosis, but some live much longer. Research is underway to find treatments to extend and improve the quality of life.


Question: What are the differences between multiple sclerosis and amoytrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer: MS is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack itself. ALS, also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a nervous system disorder that wears away nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. Both are treated differently. "


Question: What can multiple sclerosis affect?

Answer: Unlike ALS, which affects only nerves involved in movement, MS can also affect your: Senses -- taste, smell, touch, sight Bladder control Mental and emotional health Sensitivity to temperature Because of complications related to the disease, the life expectancy of someone with MS is about 7 years less than someone without it, research suggests.


Question: What is the course of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: With MS, the course of the disease is harder to predict. Your symptoms may come and go, and may even disappear for months or years at a time.


Question: What are the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in later stages?

Answer: As ALS attacks the nerves that deal with movement, your symptoms will get worse. In the later stages of the disease, you can have: Slurred speech Shortness of breath Trouble breathing Trouble swallowing An inability to move (paralysis) Most people with ALS live 5 years or less after their diagnosis, but some live much longer.


Question: What are the differences between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis?

Answer: MS is diagnosed earlier in life than ALS. It's usually discovered between the ages of 20 and 40. ALS is often diagnosed between 40 and 70. They affect genders differently. More women than men get MS. ALS is more common in men. MS is most common in Caucasians. ALS affects all ethnic groups equally. ALS can be inherited, but MS can't. Up to 10% of ALS cases are passed down directly through genes. That's not so with multiple sclerosis. But if your mom, dad, or sibling has MS, you're at a higher risk of getting the disease. More people in the United States have MS than ALS. An estimated 12,000-30,000 people have ALS nationwide. More than 400,000 are living with MS.


Question: How does sclerosis damage nerve cells?

Answer: Sclerosisâ comes the Greek word for âscar.â Both ALS and MS cause scarring of the covering of nerve fibers. They protect these cells, similar to how insulation protects electrical wires. When you have MS, your body attacks the myelin sheaths in your brain and spinal cord.


Question: What's the difference between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They both: Affect your muscles and your ability to move your body Attack your brain and spinal cord Have âsclerosisâ in their name Cause scarring or hardening around nerve cells They have some key differences, though. MS is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack itself. ALS, also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a nervous system disorder that wears away nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. Both are treated differently. " That's not so with multiple sclerosis.


Question: Are the early stage symptoms of amoytrophic lateral sclerosis similar to those of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: These include: Stiff, weak muscles Twitching or spasms Fatigue Trouble walking If you're having these symptoms, don't try to guess what's going on. See a doctor and get a diagnosis. ALS can be inherited, but MS can't.


Question: Do multiple sclerosis and amoytrophic lateral sclerosis affect genders differently?

Answer: Both are treated differently. " More women than men get MS. ALS is more common in men.


Question: What should I do before checking my blood pressure?

Answer: Find a quiet place to check your blood pressure. You will need to listen for your heartbeat. Make sure that you are comfortable and relaxed with a recently emptied bladder (a full bladder may affect your reading). Roll up the sleeve on your arm or remove any tight-sleeved clothing. Rest in a chair next to a table for 5 to 10 minutes. Your arm should rest comfortably at heart level. Sit up straight with your back against the chair, legs uncrossed. Rest your forearm on the table with the palm of your hand facing up.


Question: What should I know about checking my blood pressure at home?

Answer: This is especially important if your doctor recommends that you monitor your blood pressure on a regular basis. At least once a year, and especially after you first purchase your blood pressure monitor, bring your monitor with you to your doctor's visit to check the machine's accuracy.


Question: How can Gardasil help prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: Gardasil prevents HPV-16 and HPV-18, which is responsible for 70% of all cervical cancers, as well as HPV- 6 and HPV-11, which are known to cause 90% of all genital warts. Gardasil 9 also protects against these four HPV strains, as well as five others.


Question: Are there vaccines for the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: Three vaccines are available to protect against the types of HPV that cause most cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile and anal cancers. They are Gardasil, and Gardasil 9. They also protect against most genital warts. Whichever of these vaccines you and your doctor choose, you should stick with the same vaccine for all three shots.


Question: What side effects can the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine cause?

Answer: You could have side effects, but they should be mild. Most people who complain of symptoms after getting the HPV shot have minor issues like pain or swelling at the site of the shot, fever, headache, and nausea. Sometimes people faint after getting the HPV vaccine or any other vaccination. Sitting down after getting the shot can help prevent you from passing out.


Question: Does insurance cover the cost of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?

Answer: Check with your insurance company just to be sure. If your family doesn't have health insurance or you're on Medicaid, you should be able to get the HPV vaccine for free through the Vaccines for Children ( VFC) program.


Question: How does the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protect me for life?

Answer: However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.


Question: When should you get vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: The best time to get the HPV vaccine is before you've started having sexual activity. That's why the CDC recommends that both boys and girls get their vaccination at age 11 or 12, although they can get the vaccine as early as age 9. If you're 13 or older and you haven't already been vaccinated, you can still get the vaccine through age 26. Gardasil 9 can be given to both males and females until age 45. The Gardasil vaccine isn't recommended for people over age 26, because it hasn't been studied well enough in this age group.


Question: How safe are human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines?

Answer: The HPV vaccines were tested on thousands of people and shown to be safe before they were released to the public. These vaccines have been used for years now, and experts say the chance of them causing a serious reaction is very slim. The HPV vaccine does not contain mercury or the preservative thimerosal.


Question: Can the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine help if you already have the virus?

Answer: However, if you have one type of HPV, the vaccine may prevent you from getting another type of the virus.


Question: What is the recommended dosage for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?

Answer: Whichever of these vaccines you and your doctor choose, you should stick with the same vaccine for all three shots. You need to take all three doses to be completely protected. You'll get the second shot about 1 to 2 months after the first, and the third shot 6 months after the first. Once you've started with a vaccine brand ( Gardasil or Gardasil 9), stick with it for all three shots.


Question: What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: When the FDA approved the first human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccine in 2006, it was big news. It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. During intercourse or oral sex, HPV can make its way into the genitals, mouth, or throat and cause infection. Sexually transmitted HPV comes in more than 40 different varieties. The type of the virus you get determines what effects it has on your body. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Other HPV types can make cells turn cancerous.


Question: What are the symptoms of human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. There's no sore throat or fever to let you know you've been infected. Most people clear the infection on their own. In fact, you might have absolutely no idea you've been infected until you develop genital warts or have an abnormal Pap test. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.


Question: Who can catch the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Though HPV might not be as well known among sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) as herpes or syphilis, it is actually the most common STI. If you're sexually active, there's a very good chance of being infected with HPV at some point in your life. That's why immunization is so important. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.


Question: How is type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer: Your doctor may start you out with two injections a day of two different types of insulin. You may progress to three or four shots a day. Most insulin comes in a small glass bottle called a vial. You draw it out with a syringe that has a needle on the end, and give yourself the shot. Some now comes in a prefilled pen. One kind is inhaled. You can also get it from a pump -- a device you wear that sends it into your body via a small tube. Your doctor will help you to pick the type and the delivery method that's best for you.


Question: How do people manage type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Many people with type 1 diabetes live long, healthy lives. The key to good health is to keep your blood sugar levels within the range your doctor gives you. You'll need to check them often and adjust insulin, food, and activities to make that happen.


Question: What are the signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels.


Question: What do people with type 1 diabetes use to control their blood sugar?

Answer: All people with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood sugar.


Question: What should you know about insulin and type 1 diabetes?

Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. " Duration" is how long it keeps working after onset.


Question: What types of insulin are available for people with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Several types of insulin are available. Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.


Question: What types of insulin are available for type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.


Question: How can food be used to treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: You'll also need to understand how food affects your blood sugar. Once you know the roles that carbs, fats, and protein play, you can build a healthy eating plan that helps keep your levels where they should be. A diabetes educator or registered dietitian can help you get started.


Question: How can checking your blood sugar help treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low. If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: What should I do if I have high blood sugar with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the eye?

Answer: This eye problem happens in about 80% of adults who have had type 1 diabetes for more than 15 years. It's rare before puberty no matter how long you've had the disease. To prevent it -- and keep your eyesight -- keep good control of blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides.


Question: What terms will my doctor use when talking about insulin in type 1 diabetes patients?

Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. "


Question: How is type 1 diabetes diagnosed?

Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels. He may test your urine for glucose or chemicals your body makes when you don't have enough insulin.


Question: When should I check my blood sugar if I have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the kidney?

Answer: About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy. The chances grow over time. It's most likely to show up 15 to 25 years after the onset of diabetes. It can lead to other serious problems like kidney failure and heart disease.


Question: How does high blood sugar affect hydration?

Answer: This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out.


Question: What does insulin do?

Answer: Type 1 diabetes happens when your immune system destroys cells in your pancreas called beta cells. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar, or glucose, into your body's tissues. Glucose doesn't move into your cells because insulin isn't there to do it. This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out. Weight loss. The glucose that goes out when you pee takes calories with it. That's why many people with high blood sugar lose weight. Dehydration also plays a part. Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If your body can't get enough glucose for fuel, it breaks down fat cells instead. This creates chemicals called ketones. Your liver releases the sugar it stores to help out. But your body can't use it without insulin, so it builds up in your blood, along with the acidic ketones. This combination of extra glucose, dehydration, and acid buildup is known as "ketoacidosis" and can be life-threatening if not treated right away. Damage to your body. Over time, high glucose levels in your blood can harm the nerves and small blood vessels in your eyes, kidneys, and heart. They can also make you more likely to get hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. But it isn't as simple as going out for a run.


Question: What is secondary diabetes?

Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. They're wiped out by something else, like a disease or an injury to your pancreas. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.


Question: Who gets type 1 diabetes?

Answer: It's more common in whites than in African- Americans. It affects men and women equally. Although the disease usually starts in people under 20, it can happen at any age. Several types of insulin are available. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.


Question: How does type 1 diabetes happen?

Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: What problems can peanuts cause if you have an allergy?

Answer: Symptoms of an allergic response to peanuts will usually start within minutes of exposure, and they can include: Tightening in the throat Shortness of breath or wheezing Skin reaction such as hives or redness Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps or vomiting A runny nose This is a life-threatening allergic reaction and needs emergency treatment.


Question: What is the severe reaction to peanuts known as anaphylaxis?

Answer: Symptoms of an allergic response to peanuts will usually start within minutes of exposure, and they can include: Tightening in the throat Shortness of breath or wheezing Skin reaction such as hives or redness Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps or vomiting A runny nose This is a life-threatening allergic reaction and needs emergency treatment. Peanuts are one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis, which can affect several parts of the body all at once. The signs of an attack include: Swelling of the throat that makes it hard to breathe Dizziness or fainting A big drop in blood pressure A rapid pulse Blocked airways To find out whether you have a problem with peanuts, your doctor might ask you to keep a food diary.


Question: How is dengue fever transmitted?

Answer: In 2014, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in Hawaii with other outbreaks in 2013 in Brownsville, Texas and Key West, Fla. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can't be spread directly from one person to another person.


Question: What serious problems can develop from dengue fever?

Answer: These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome ( DSS).


Question: How common is dengue fever?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } An estimated 400 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in illness. Most cases occur in tropical areas of the world, with the greatest risk occurring in: The Indian subcontinent Southeast Asia Southern China Taiwan The Pacific Islands The Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands) Mexico Africa Central and South America (except Chile, Paraguay, and Argentina) Most cases in the United States occur in people who contracted the infection while traveling abroad.


Question: What are the symptoms of dengue fever?

Answer: Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include Sudden, high fever Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Severe joint and muscle pain Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the flu or another viral infection.


Question: How can you reduce the mosquito population to prevent dengue fever?

Answer: To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pets' water dishes.


Question: What can you do to protect yourself from someone with dengue fever?

Answer: If someone in your home gets dengue fever, be especially vigilant about efforts to protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could spread the infection to others in your home.


Question: What is dengue fever?

Answer: These viruses are related to the viruses that cause West Nile infection and yellow fever.


Question: What is the treatment for dengue fever?

Answer: There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.


Question: What can you do to protect yourself from dengue fever?

Answer: When indoors, use air conditioning if available. Make sure window and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets. If you have symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor.


Question: Who is at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever?

Answer: People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever.


Question: Is there a vaccine to prevent dengue fever?

Answer: The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down. In 2019, the FDA approved a vaccine called Dengvaxia to help prevent the disease from occurring in adolescents aged 9 to 16 who have already been infected by dengue. But, there currently is no vaccine to prevent the general population from contracting it.


Question: How is dengue fever diagnosed?

Answer: The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.


Question: What is acute and chronic sinusitis?

Answer: Acute sinusitis lasts up to 4 weeks. Chronic sinusitis lasts at least several weeks and can linger for years. Its cause can be hard to pin down -- and hard to treat. Sinusitis might start because of a cold or allergies. Fungus can cause it for people who have weak immune systems. Sometimes, chronic sinusitis is due to problems with the structure of the nasal passages, or a growth such as a nasal polyp that keeps the sinuses from draining normally. Acute and chronic sinusitis have similar symptoms: Facial pressure and pain Thick discolored mucus Congestion The key is to figure out the cause.


Question: When should you call the doctor about sinusitis symptoms?

Answer: But many people who have it use treatments that aren't likely to help. But call your doctor if you've had sinus symptoms for more than a few days or if they're really bad. The sooner you start the right treatment, the sooner you'll feel better again.


Question: What is sundowning in people with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Many people with the disease get confused, anxious, and agitated at dusk and into the evening hours. It's called sundown syndrome, or sundowning. The problems may last a few hours or throughout the night.


Question: How can Alzheimer's disease affect your sex life?

Answer: No one has studied sexuality in Alzheimer's. But many people with disease also have a mood disorder, such as depression, or other medical problem, which can lead to sexual problems. Medications that treat these conditions can also affect someone's sex life. People with dementia often feel less interested in many areas of their lives, like their appearance, clothes, and friends. That may affect their sex drive, too.


Question: Is gingko biloba helpful if you have Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: For many years, people thought this extract from the ginkgo tree might be a memory booster. But there's no evidence that it works in treating or preventing Alzheimer's. In fact, it may be harmful. One large study showed that taking it every day may cause dangerous side effects, such as too much bleeding, and that ginkgo does not slow the decline of cognition.


Question: How can I help someone with Alzheimer's disease who is getting more confused?

Answer: If you have to make changes, do it gradually. Make things simple, and avoid situations where she has to make decisions. Describe the events for the day to her. Put large labels (with words or pictures) on drawers and shelves so she'll know what's in or on them. If she doesn't seem to understand something you've said, use simpler words or sentences. Make sure she takes her medicines on schedule. Be patient and supportive.


Question: What can I do to help my loved one with Alzheimer's disease to get the right amount of food to eat?

Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. Don't force her to eat. Offer smaller meals more often instead of three large ones. Encourage her to walk, garden, or do other things that get her moving to boost her appetite. Serve finger foods that are easier for her to handle and eat. Prepare meals that offer different textures, colors, and temperatures. For example, liven up your meals with colorful place settings, or play background music. Try not to let your loved one eat alone.


Question: Is exercise good for someone who has Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. It can also give your loved one more energy and improve his mood and sleep. It can make the brain work better, too. Someone in the early stages of the disease may enjoy walking, bowling, dancing, golf, and swimming. As the disease gets worse, he may need more supervision. Talk to his doctor before he starts any exercise program.


Question: What are bad side effects of medications for Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: They may also react with other Alzheimer's meds. The problems may last a few hours or throughout the night. They might help her relax.


Question: What is a cholesterol diary?

Answer: It's important to know your cholesterol levels through a simple blood test. Your doctor may suggest you track your progress toward healthy cholesterol levels with the use of a cholesterol diary. The diary will show the progress you have made in improving your cholesterol. Even after you achieve your goal, you should keep recording your cholesterol levels. This will show how successful you are at sticking to your plan and maintaining your goal.


Question: What are possible complications of a hysterectomy?

Answer: Complications are rare, but can include excessive bleeding, infection, or damage to your urinary system or intestines.


Question: Is radical hysterectomy performed through the abdomen or vagina?

Answer: Most of the time, this surgery is performed through your abdomen. But your doctor may be able to use laparoscopy to remove your uterus through your vagina. This results in less blood loss, and maybe a shorter hospital stay.


Question: Why would I need a catheter for cervical cancer?

Answer: And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon. If your doctor has to remove part of your bladder or colon, he'll have to create a new way for you to remove waste. You may have to have a catheter. Or, he'll attach a plastic bag to the front of your abdomen to catch urine, called a urostomy, or feces, called a colostomy.


Question: What happens during a pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer?

Answer: If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option. He'll remove your cervix, uterus, and surrounding organs and tissues. He'll also remove nearby lymph nodes. And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon.


Question: What is the chance of cervical cancer returning after trachelectomy?

Answer: The chance of your cancer coming back after this operation is very low. Studies show that women who have a trachelectomy have a 50% chance of getting pregnant 5 years later. But they also are at a higher risk of miscarriage than women who haven't had this surgery.


Question: What is laser surgery for cervical cancer?

Answer: This is performed in your doctor's office or clinic and is usually reserved for stage 0 cervical cancer. Your doctor uses a laser beam to burn off the cancer cells on your cervix. He may also cut a small piece of tissue to examine in a lab. He'll numb your cervix so you won't have any pain.


Question: What happens during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer?

Answer: During this surgery, the surgeon removes your uterus and the tissues next to it. He'll also remove about 1 inch of the vagina next to your cervix. And, he may take some of the lymph nodes from your pelvic area. These are pockets of immune system tissue that are about the size of a pea. He'll leave your ovaries and fallopian tubes, unless it's medically necessary to take them, too.


Question: How does cryosurgery treat cervical cancer?

Answer: Your doctor uses a gas called liquid nitrogen to freeze the abnormal cancer cells on your cervix. An âice ballâ forms, and the bad cells die. Your doctor can perform this procedure in his office or clinic.


Question: How are hysterectomies performed?

Answer: Surgeons perform hysterectomies in one of three ways: through a cut in the abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy); through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy); or with the help of robotic instruments (laparoscopic hysterectomy).


Question: What is the recovery time for radical hysterectomy?

Answer: Full recovery time is 4 to 6 weeks. Call your doctor right away if you have excessive bleeding, trouble peeing, or believe your wound is infected.


Question: How long does pelvic exenteration recovery take?

Answer: Recovery from pelvic exenteration can take 6 months or more.


Question: What does hysterectomy for cervical cancer consist of?

Answer: In this procedure, a surgeon removes your uterus and cervix. Your other reproductive organs -- your ovaries and fallopian tubes -- are left in place, unless there's a medical reason they should be removed, too.


Question: What does the type of cervical cancer treatment depend on?

Answer: Which one he recommends will depend on what type of cervical cancer you have, your age, and whether or not you might want to have children in the future. It will also depend on whether, or how far, the cancer has spread. If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option.


Question: What does trachelectomy for cervical cancer consist of?

Answer: If you want to be able to have kids later, it may be the only treatment he recommends. The surgeon removes your cervix and the top part of your vagina, but he leaves your uterus intact. He places a stitch, or a band, where your cervix had been. This opening leads to your uterus. He may also remove the lymph nodes near your cervix or uterus. He'll perform this surgery either through your vagina or through a cut in your abdomen.


Question: What is conization for cervical cancer?

Answer: Your doctor may do this before he recommends chemotherapy or radiation. Your doctor uses a surgical or laser knife to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from your cervix. He may also use a thin wire heated by electricity. You may have to have a catheter.


Question: Who are the best candidates for a tummy tuck?

Answer: A tummy tuck is suitable for men and women who are in good health. Women who have had several pregnancies may find the procedure useful for tightening their abdominal muscles and reducing skin. A tummy tuck is also an option for men or women who were once obese and still have excess fat deposits or loose skin around the belly.


Question: Can you diet before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Don't try a drastic diet before the surgery. Eat well-balanced, complete meals. A healthy diet may help you heal better.


Question: Can you take medication before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Tell your doctor about everything you take, including prescription drugs, herbal medicines, and other supplements. Your surgeon may instruct you to stop taking certain medications for a time before and after the surgery.


Question: Can you smoke before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: If you smoke, your doctor will ask that you quit smoking from at least two weeks before the surgery until two weeks after the surgery. It is not enough to just cut down on smoking. You must stop completely since smoking makes complications more likely and slows healing.


Question: How should you prepare your home before getting a tummy tuck?

Answer: Before getting the surgery, get your home ready. You'll need: Ice packs Loose, comfortable clothing that can be put on and off very easily Petroleum jelly Hand-held shower head and bathroom chair You'll also need someone to drive you home after the tummy tuck. If you live alone, you'll want someone to stay with you for at least the first night. Make a plan for that.