Question: How do doctors diagnose colic?

Answer: What seems to make her fussy What, if anything, works to calm her down How often and what your baby eats When your baby poops, and what the stools look like (big or small, loose, or hard) The doctor will likely do an exam to check if your baby is fussy for other reasons, such as: Food allergies or sensitivities to something in your diet, if you breastfeed Discomfort, such as if she is too hot or too cold Hunger or weakness Pain from an illness or injury Reflux If your baby doesn't gain weight or loses weight, she may have another health problem, so it's best to call her doctor. Also call the doctor if she: Can't be soothed at all, even for a few minutes Doesn't suck strongly at the bottle or your breast Doesn't like to be held or touched Has an odd cry or sounds like she's in pain Has diarrhea or blood in her stool Has trouble breathing Is less alert or sleepier than usual Eats less than usual Runs a fever of 100.4 degrees or more Throws up Might be sick or injured Has fewer wet diapers Don't wait to call the doctor if you're at your wit's end, either. The doctor can help you manage the colic, and that will lower your stress.


Question: How can my doctor help me decide which cooking oil to use for my health?

Answer: First, you should stick to the guidelines your doctor gave you. Your body needs some fat, but fat is rich in calories (9 calories per gram), and some types of fat are healthier than others. It's possible to get too much, even of the "good" fats. Your doctor, or a registered dietitian, can let you know what limits you should follow.


Question: What is an oil's smoke point?

Answer: When cooking, always keep in mind an oil's smoke point -- that's the temperature at which the oil begins to smoke and produce dangerous fumes and free radicals. Generally, the more refined the oil, the higher the smoke point.


Question: Is coconut oil a good choice for heart health?

Answer: The buzz on this tasty, trendy oil is that it may have disease-preventing properties, but the blood pressure-conscious should beware: This oil packs the highest amount of saturated fat. It's easy to be tempted by a great flavor boost, but too much saturated fat is a heart health no-no. Stick with traditional, nontropical vegetable oils. Olive and canola are better options. Cooking Tip: If you want to give coconut oil a try, use it sparingly for light sauteing, low-heat baking, and in sauces.


Question: Do I still need to get checkups if my cancer is in complete remission?

Answer: Your doctor or health care center will continue to check for signs of cancer or health problems related to your treatment. It's crucial to get all recommended checkups, even if you have no symptoms. Follow-up care can include physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests.


Question: What does recurrence mean in cancer?

Answer: Some cancer cells can remain unnoticed in the body for years after treatment. If a cancer returns after it has been in remission, it's called a ârecurrence.â It's normal to be concerned that this will happen to you. Every situation is different, and there's no way to predict what will happen.


Question: Does remission mean the same thing for everyone?

Answer: If you've been diagnosed with cancer, you're probably hoping to hear your doctor use the word âremission.â It marks a major turn in your care and long-term health.


Question: Isn't complete remission the same thing as my cancer being cured?

Answer: There's no way for doctors to know that all of the cancer cells in your body are gone, which is why many doctors don't use the word âcured.â If cancer cells do come back, it usually happens within the 5 years following the first diagnosis and treatment.


Question: How is central pain syndrome treated?

Answer: Central pain syndrome is characterized by a mixture of pain sensations, the most prominent being a constant burning.


Question: What are symptoms of central pain syndrome?

Answer: The steady burning sensation is sometimes increased by light touch. Pain also increases in the presence of temperature changes, most often cold temperatures. A loss of sensation can occur in affected areas, most prominently on distant parts of the body, such as the hands and feet. There may be brief, intolerable bursts of sharp pain on occasion.


Question: Does alcohol affect deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Alcohol itself, in low to moderate amounts, isn't likely to raise your DVT risk. It may even protect healthy adults. It can act as a blood thinner. And a researcher in Norway found studies that show the more you drink, the lower your blood clot risk. But moderation is key. Doctors don't recommend drinking alcohol to protect against DVT. The relationship between alcohol and deep vein thrombosis may depend on what, and how much, you pour in your glass.


Question: How does beer and wine affect deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: A 2013 study of almost 60,000 people found no difference in the risk of blood clots between wine or beer drinkers. An antioxidant found in the skin of grapes, resveratrol, helps fight blood clots.


Question: How does liquor affect deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Another study found that, compared to non-drinkers, people who drank more than 3 ounces of liquor per week had a 53% higher risk of DVT. It might be a question of habits. People who said they drink a lot of liquor also tended to binge drink, which counteracts any helpful effects you might get from alcohol in moderation.


Question: When can the John Cunningham virus become dangerous?

Answer: It doesn't cause problems for most people, but it can be dangerous if you have a weak immune system. There's no known way to keep yourself from getting it.


Question: How can I be tested for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy because of the John Cunningham virus?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you might have PML, you'll need an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make detailed images and look for certain patterns in your brain tissue. Next, your doctor may want to do a spinal tap. He'll use a needle to take spinal fluid from your lower back. If the JC virus is in this fluid, you have PML. If not, you may need a biopsy or other tests to find out for sure.


Question: How is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease?

Answer: PML has been linked to the drug natalizumab ( Tysabri), used to treat MS and Crohn's disease. People with MS or Crohn's disease may be tested for the JC virus before they start this medication or others like it. If you're a carrier of the virus, you might still be able to take the drugs, but discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. People with MS and Crohn's disease who develop PML often have to stop taking the drugs. They also may have a procedure called plasma exchange to clear out the medication.


Question: What is the John Cunningham virus?

Answer: The JC virus, or John Cunningham virus, is a common germ. More than half of all adults have been exposed to it.


Question: If I have a weak immune system, how can the John Cunningham virus affect me?

Answer: It doesn't cause problems for most people, but it can be dangerous if you have a weak immune system.


Question: Can certain HIV drugs prevent the John Cunningham virus from causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

Answer: Certain HIV drugs may make your immune system stronger and help prevent the JC virus from causing PML. These drugs have become more common, so the number of people with HIV/ AIDS who have PML has been going down.


Question: How is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated?

Answer: Scientists are studying several drugs for PML, but none has been approved by the FDA. However, treatments that make your immune system stronger can be used to help your body fight the infection.


Question: What does progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) affect?

Answer: It doesn't cause problems for most people, but it can be dangerous if you have a weak immune system.


Question: How can I be tested for the John Cunningham virus?

Answer: They can be different depending on the area of your brain that's affected, but the most common signs are: Clumsiness Weakness that gets worse Changes in personality Trouble speaking Vision problems Tests can detect if you carry the JC virus. Your doctor might look at a sample of your tissue under a microscope or check your blood for signs that your body is fighting the infection.


Question: How can people with HIV prevent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

Answer: Certain HIV drugs may make your immune system stronger and help prevent the JC virus from causing PML. These drugs have become more common, so the number of people with HIV/ AIDS who have PML has been going down.


Question: Who is most at risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

Answer: Those with Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, or lymphoma are also at risk, as are people who take certain immune-suppressing drugs because of multiple sclerosis ( MS), rheumatoid arthritis, or organ transplants.


Question: What natural ingredients are being studied as alternative mosquito repellents?

Answer: Many other natural ingredients are currently being studied as mosquito repellent. These include: fennel thyme clove oil celery extract neem oil However, more studies are needed to verify their safety and efficacy.


Question: How is surgery done for the treatment of Crohn's disease?

Answer: Common procedures include: Anastomosis: Your surgeon removes the diseased part of the bowel and joins the two healthy ends together. This surgery can allow many people to remain symptom-free for years, but it isn't a cure.


Question: Who gets Crohn's disease?

Answer: A few things can make you more likely to get Crohn's disease: Genetics: Crohn's disease is often inherited. About 20% of people with Crohn's disease may have a close relative with either Crohn's or ulcerative colitis. In addition, Ashkenazi Jews are at greater risk for the disease. Age: While Crohn's disease can affect people of all ages, it's primarily an illness of the young. Most people are diagnosed before age 30, but the disease can happen in people in their 50s, 60s, 70s, or even later in life.


Question: How is Crohn's disease distinguished?

Answer: Doctors use many tests to distinguish Crohn's disease from other conditions like ulcerative colitis.


Question: How does Crohn's disease progress?

Answer: With Crohn's disease, you have periods of symptoms that can last for days, weeks, or months, followed by periods of remission when you have no symptoms. Remissions can last days, weeks, or years.


Question: When is surgery done for the treatment of Crohn's disease?

Answer: Surgery About 66% to 75% of people with Crohn's disease will need surgery. Surgery is done to treat complications of the disease or when medications don't help.


Question: What can worsen Crohn's disease?

Answer: Things that worsen Crohn's disease include: Infections (including the common cold) Cigarette smoking Certain anti-inflammatory drugs (such as aspirin and ibuprofen) Though treatments can't cure Crohn's disease, they can help most people lead normal lives.


Question: What are side effects of surgeries for Crohn's disease?

Answer: This surgery can allow many people to remain symptom-free for years, but it isn't a cure.


Question: What do children with Crohn's disease experience?

Answer: About 20% of people with Crohn's disease may have a close relative with either Crohn's or ulcerative colitis.


Question: What tests are used for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Your doctor might want to do some lab tests, like: Blood tests, including blood counts Stool samples to rule out infections as the cause of diarrhea Imaging tests or endoscopy: Your doctor might send you to a specialist called a gastroenterologist to get one of these: Balloon-assisted enteroscopy: This test uses balloons that inflate and deflate to pull a flexible tube called an endoscope through your small intestine.


Question: When do you need an ileostomy for the treatment of Crohn's disease?

Answer: Ileostomy: You might need this if your rectum is diseased and the doctor can't use it for an anastomosis. This procedure connects your intestine to the skin of your torso. The result is an opening in the skin that can collect waste products in a special pouch that you empty.


Question: What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?

Answer: People with Crohn's disease can have severe symptoms followed by periods of no symptoms that can last for weeks or years. The symptoms depend on where the disease happens and how severe it is. You might notice: Chronic diarrhea, often bloody and containing mucus or pus Weight loss Fever Abdominal pain and tenderness Feeling of a mass or fullness in the abdomen Rectal bleeding Crohn's causes two types of complications: Local, which affect just the intestines Systemic, which affect your whole body.


Question: What are side effects of a thigh lift?

Answer: You will have bruising, swelling, and numbness after surgery. That usually disappears within several weeks to months. In rare cases, infection, bleeding, fluid build-up, and open wounds can occur.


Question: Are there side effects if you get a buttock lift?

Answer: That usually disappears within several weeks to months. In rare cases, infection, bleeding, fluid build-up, and open wounds can occur.


Question: How does a thigh lift work?

Answer: During a thigh lift, a surgeon makes a cut on the upper and inner thigh and removes excess fat and skin. The surgeon also often does liposuction before, during, or after the procedure. People usually get a thigh lift on an outpatient basis, meaning they don't need to stay overnight. But ask your doctor ahead of time. Some doctors prefer their patients to stay in the hospital overnight. The surgery takes up to four hours.


Question: What should you do if you think someone is about to kill themself?

Answer: If you believe someone you know is in immediate danger of killing himself or herself: Do not leave the person alone. If possible, ask for help from friends or other family members. Ask the person to give you any weapons he or she might have. Take away or remove sharp objects or anything else that the person could use to hurt himself or herself. If the person is already in psychiatric treatment, help him or her to contact the doctor or therapist for guidance and help. Try to keep the person as calm as possible. Call 911 or take the person to an emergency room.


Question: What are warning signs for suicide?

Answer: Any of the following could be potential warning signs for suicide: Excessive sadness or moodiness: Long-lasting sadness, mood swings, and unexpected rage.


Question: What should you do if someone you know is showing warning signs for suicide?

Answer: If someone you know is exhibiting warning signs for suicide: Don't be afraid to ask if he or she is depressed or thinking about suicide. Ask if he or she is seeing a therapist or taking medication. Rather than trying to talk the person out of suicide, let him or her know that depression is temporary and treatable. In some cases, the person just needs to know that someone cares and is looking for the chance to talk about his or her feelings.


Question: Can suicide be prevented?

Answer: Research suggests that the best way to prevent suicide is to know the risk factors, be alert to the signs of depression and other mental disorders, recognize the warning signs for suicide, and intervene before the person can complete the process of self-destruction. People who receive support from caring friends and family and who have access to mental health services are less likely to act on their suicidal impulses than are those who are socially isolated.


Question: What are warning signs of suicidal behavior in children?

Answer: Parents should be particularly vigilant for signs that may indicate that their child is at risk for suicide. Warning signs of suicidal behavior in children include: Many depressive symptoms (changes in eating, sleeping, activities) Social isolation, including isolation from the family Talk of suicide, hopelessness, or helplessness Increased acting-out of undesirable behaviors (sexual/behavioral) Increased risk-taking behaviors Frequent accidents Substance abuse Focus on morbid and negative themes Talk about death and dying Increased crying or reduced emotional expression Giving away possessions


Question: Do all children show the same symptoms of depression?

Answer: In fact, most will display different symptoms at different times and in different settings. Although some children may continue to function reasonably well in structured environments, most kids with significant depression will suffer a noticeable change in social activities, loss of interest in school and poor academic performance, or a change in appearance. Children may also begin using drugs or alcohol, especially if they are over age 12. Although relatively rare in youths under 12, young children do attempt suicide -- and may do so impulsively when they are upset or angry. Girls are more likely to attempt suicide, but boys are more likely to actually kill themselves when they make an attempt. Children with a family history of violence, alcohol abuse, or physical or sexual abuse are at greater risk for suicide, as are those with depressive symptoms.


Question: What are signs and symptoms of depression in children?

Answer: Signs and symptoms of depression in children include: Irritability or anger Continuous feelings of sadness and hopelessness Social withdrawal Increased sensitivity to rejection Changes in appetite -- either increased or decreased Changes in sleep -- sleeplessness or excessive sleep Vocal outbursts or crying Difficulty concentrating Fatigue and low energy Physical complaints (such as stomachaches, headaches) that don't respond to treatment Reduced ability to function during events and activities at home or with friends, in school, extracurricular activities, and in other hobbies or interests Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Impaired thinking or concentration Thoughts of death or suicide Not all children have all of these symptoms.


Question: What are the treatment options for depression in children?

Answer: Treatment options for children with depression are similar to those for adults, including psychotherapy (counseling) and medication. The role that family and the child's environment play in the treatment process is different from that of adults. Your child's doctor may suggest psychotherapy first, and consider antidepressant medicine as an additional option if there is no significant improvement. The best studies to date indicate that a combination of psychotherapy and medication is most effective at treating depression. Studies show that the antidepressant Prozac is effective in treating depression in children and teens. The drug is officially recognized by the FDA for treatment of children ages 8 to 18 with depression.


Question: How do you treat children with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Treating Children With Bipolar Disorder Children with bipolar disorder are usually treated with psychotherapy and a combination of medicines, usually an antidepressant and a mood stabilizer. Antidepressants need to be used with caution, as they can trigger bouts of manic or hyperactive behavior in children with bipolar disorder. Managing a child's medication must be part of an overall care plan that includes therapy and routine primary care appointments. The FDA warns that antidepressant medications may increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders.


Question: How is depression diagnosed in children?

Answer: There are no specific tests -- medical or psychological -- that can clearly show depression, but tools such as questionnaires (for both the child and parents) combined with personal information, can be very useful in helping diagnose depression in children. Sometimes those therapy sessions and questionnaires can uncover other concerns that contribute to the depression such as ADHD, conduct disorder, and OCD.


Question: How can I tell if my child is depressed?

Answer: The symptoms of depression in children vary. It is often undiagnosed and untreated because they are passed off as normal emotional and psychological changes that occur during growth. Early medical studies focused on "masked" depression, where a child's depressed mood was evidenced by acting out or angry behavior. While this does occur, particularly in younger children, many children display sadness or low mood similar to adults who are depressed. The primary symptoms of depression revolve around sadness, a feeling of hopelessness, and mood changes.


Question: Can children really suffer from depression?

Answer: Childhood depression is different from the normal "blues" and everyday emotions that occur as a child develops. Just because a child seems sad doesn't necessarily mean he or she has significant depression. If the sadness becomes persistent, or interferes with normal social activities, interests, schoolwork, or family life, it may indicate that he or she has a depressive illness. Keep in mind that while depression is a serious illness, it is also a treatable one.


Question: What can I do for my child when he wets the bed so he doesn't feel guilty ?

Answer: What you can do: Don't complain about wet sheets in front of your child, since this may make him feel guilty. And don't punish him, since it's not his fault.


Question: What is the function of the external female reproductive structure?

Answer: The main external structures of the female reproductive system include: Labia majora: The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.


Question: What happens during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer: During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the following events occur: Two hormones, follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) and luteinizing hormone ( LH), are released from the brain and travel in the blood to the ovaries. The hormones stimulate the growth of about 15 to 20 eggs in the ovaries, each in its own "shell," called a follicle. These hormones ( FSH and LH) also trigger an increase in the production of the female hormone estrogen. As estrogen levels rise, like a switch, it turns off the production of follicle-stimulating hormone. This careful balance of hormones allows the body to limit the number of follicles that mature. As the follicular phase progresses, one follicle in one ovary becomes dominant and continues to mature. This dominant follicle suppresses all of the other follicles in the group. As a result, they stop growing and die. The dominant follicle continues to produce estrogen. The ovulatory phase, or ovulation, starts about 14 days after the follicular phase started.


Question: How many eggs does a woman have?

Answer: The vast majority of the eggs within the ovaries steadily die, until they are depleted at menopause. At birth, there are approximately 1 million to 2 million eggs; by the time of puberty, only about 300,000 remain. Of these, only about 500 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime. Any remaining eggs gradually die out at menopause.


Question: What should you know about the female reproductive system?

Answer: It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The next step for the fertilized egg is to implant into the walls of the uterus, beginning the initial stages of pregnancy. If fertilization and/or implantation does not take place, the system is designed to menstruate (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.


Question: How can I prevent ringworm?

Answer: Still, here are some things you can do to lower your chances of getting ringworm or stop it from spreading: Keep your skin clean and dry. Wear flip-flops in locker rooms and public showers. Change your socks and underwear at least once each day. Don't share clothes or towels with someone who has ringworm. If you play sports, keep your gear and uniform clean -- and don't share them with other players. Wash your hands with soap and water after playing with pets.


Question: When might you need prescription medication to treat ringworm?

Answer: If you have ringworm on your scalp or in many different places on your body, OTC treatments probably won't be enough. Your doctor will have to write you a prescription. Keep an eye out for symptoms that get worse or don't clear up after 2 weeks. If they don't, call your doctor.


Question: How can you have double vision caused by muscles in your eye?

Answer: Double vision when both eyes are open: Muscles: They control eye movement and keep the eyes aligned with each other. If a muscle in one eye is weak, then it won't move in sync with the healthy eye. When you look in a direction controlled by the weak muscle, you see double.


Question: How is double vision diagnosed?

Answer: He might try blood tests, a physical exam, and maybe an imaging test like computed tomography ( CT) or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). One of the most effective tools for your doctor is the information you provide.


Question: What can you do to check if you have double vision?

Answer: Now, focus on something in your field of vision that isn't moving, like a window or a tree. Are the two objects side by side, or is one on top of the other? Or are they slightly slanted? Which one is higher or lower? Are both images clear but not in line? Or is one blurry and the other clear? Cover one eye, then switch. Does the problem go away when either eye is covered? Pretend your field of vision is a clock face. Move your eyes around the clock, from noon to six and around to 12 again. Is your vision worse at any clock position? Does any position make it better? Tilt your head to the right, then to the left. Do any of these positions improve your eyesight or make it worse?


Question: What problems in nerves lead to double vision?

Answer: They carry information from your brain to your eyes. Problems with them can lead to double vision: Multiple sclerosis can affect nerves anywhere in your brain or spinal cord. If it damages the nerves that control your eyes, you may see double. Guillain- Barre syndrome is a nerve condition that causes progressive weakness. Sometimes, the first symptoms are in your eyes and include double vision. Diabetes can cause nerve damage to the muscles that move your eyes. That can lead to double vision.


Question: What causes in the brain lead to double vision?

Answer: Brain : The nerves that control your eyes connect directly to your brain, where images are processed. Many causes of double vision start in the brain. They include: Strokes Aneurysms Increased pressure inside the brain from trauma, bleeding, or infection Brain tumors Migraine headaches Double vision can happen with no other symptoms.


Question: What does the lens in the eye do?

Answer: Damage can be from: Keratoconus, when your cornea becomes cone-shaped Infections, like shingles or herpes Scars Dryness Lens: It sits behind your pupil and helps focus light onto your retina.


Question: How do you know if you have cornea damage from double vision?

Answer: If your double vision goes away when you cover one eye, you might have cornea damage in the uncovered eye.


Question: What are the most common lens problem?

Answer: Cataracts are the most common lens problem. Surgery almost always fixes them.


Question: How cornea damage lead to double vision?

Answer: Double vision when the injured eye is open: Cornea: The clear window into your eye. Its main job is to focus light. If your double vision goes away when you cover one eye, you might have cornea damage in the uncovered eye. If only one cornea is warped, you may only see double in that eye. Glasses can probably fix the problem.


Question: What does the cornea do?

Answer: Its main job is to focus light.


Question: Do you need medical care if you have double vision?

Answer: Depending on the cause, you may also notice: Misalignment of one or both eyes (a "wandering eye" or "cross-eyed" appearance) Pain when you move your eye Pain around your eyes, like the temples or eyebrows Headache Nausea Weakness in your eyes or anywhere else Droopy eyelids Double vision that's new or unexplained needs medical care right away. With so many potential causes, it's important to discover the reason without delay.


Question: What are the types of surgery for flat feet or fallen arches?

Answer: Procedures may include the following: Fusing foot or ankle bones together (arthrodesis) Removing bones or bony growths -- also called spurs (excision) Cutting or changing the shape of the bone (osteotomy) Cleaning the tendons' protective coverings (synovectomy) Adding tendon from other parts of your body to tendons in your foot to help balance the "pull" of the tendons and form an arch (tendon transfer) Grafting bone to your foot to make the arch rise more naturally (lateral column lengthening) There are home remedies to prevent or manage pain from fallen arches or flat feet.


Question: What are symptoms of flat feet and fallen arches?

Answer: Here are the most common: An abnormality that is present from birth Stretched or torn tendons Damage or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon ( PTT), which connects from your lower leg, along your ankle, to the middle of the arch Broken or dislocated bones Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis Nerve problems Other factors that can increase your risk include: Obesity Diabetes Aging Pregnancy Many people have flat feet -- and notice no problems and require no treatment. But others may experience the following symptoms: Feet tire easily Painful or achy feet, especially in the areas of the arches and heels The inside bottoms of your feet become swollen Foot movement, such as standing on your toes, is difficult Back and leg pain If you notice any of these symptoms, it's time for a trip to the doctor. Your doctor examines your feet to determine two things: Whether you have flat feet The cause(s) An exam may include these steps: Checking your health history for evidence of illnesses or injuries that could be linked to flat feet or fallen arches Looking at the soles of your shoes for unusual wear patterns Observing the feet and legs as you stand and do simple movements, such as raising up on your toes Testing the strength of muscles and tendons, including other tendons in the feet and legs, such as the Achilles tendon or the posterior tibial tendon Taking X-rays or an MRI of your feet Treatment for flat feet and fallen arches depends on the severity and cause of the problem.


Question: How can you test yourself for fallen arches or flat feet?

Answer: Follow these three steps: Get your feet wet. Stand on a flat surface where your footprint will show, such as on a concrete walkway. Step away and look at the prints. If you see complete imprints of the bottom of your feet on the surface, then you're likely to have flat feet.


Question: How are flat feet and fallen arches diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor examines your feet to determine two things: Whether you have flat feet The cause(s) An exam may include these steps: Checking your health history for evidence of illnesses or injuries that could be linked to flat feet or fallen arches Looking at the soles of your shoes for unusual wear patterns Observing the feet and legs as you stand and do simple movements, such as raising up on your toes Testing the strength of muscles and tendons, including other tendons in the feet and legs, such as the Achilles tendon or the posterior tibial tendon Taking X-rays or an MRI of your feet Treatment for flat feet and fallen arches depends on the severity and cause of the problem.


Question: Can children have flat feet?

Answer: Many young children have flat feet, a condition referred to as flexible flat feet. When the child stands, the feet look flat. But when the child rises to his or her toes, a slight arch appears. In most cases, as children grow older, the arches develop.


Question: What causes flat feet and fallen arches?

Answer: Here are the most common: An abnormality that is present from birth Stretched or torn tendons Damage or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon ( PTT), which connects from your lower leg, along your ankle, to the middle of the arch Broken or dislocated bones Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis Nerve problems Other factors that can increase your risk include: Obesity Diabetes Aging Pregnancy Many people have flat feet -- and notice no problems and require no treatment.


Question: What does one (alcoholic) drink equal?

Answer: Keep in mind that a serving of alcohol is: 12 ounces of regular beer 8-9 ounces of malt liquor 5 ounces of wine 3-4 ounces of fortified wine (such as sherry or port) 2-3 ounces of cordial, liqueur, or aperitif 1.5 ounces of brandy, cognac, or 80-proof distilled spirits Many places over-serve booze.


Question: What are warning signs of alcohol use disorder?

Answer: You've probably heard of âalcohol abuse,â "alcohol dependence,â or âalcoholism.â Maybe you know the new term doctors use, âalcohol use disorder.â You may have an alcohol use disorder if you: Drink more, or longer, than you plan to Have tried to cut back or stop more than once and couldn't Spend a lot of time drinking, being sick, or hungover Want alcohol so badly you can't think of anything else Have problems with work, school, or family because of your habit (or because you're sick after having alcohol) Keep drinking even though it has caused problems for you or your relationships Quit or cut back on other activities that were important to you in order to drink Have found yourself in situations while drinking or afterward that made you more likely to get hurt Keep having alcohol even though it made you depressed or anxious, hurt your health, or led to a memory blackout Have to drink more than you used to for the effect you want Found that you had withdrawal symptoms when the buzz wore off, like trouble sleeping, shakiness, restlessness, nausea, sweating, a racing heart, a seizure, or seeing, hearing, or feeling things that aren't there.


Question: Why isn't my cold going away with treatment?

Answer: You might treat a supposed cold for a few weeks, only to realize that the reason you aren't getting better is because you're under the weather with something else, like allergies.


Question: Do antibiotics work for colds?

Answer: It isn't just natural treatments that don't work for colds. Antibiotics won't help either, because a virus causes these illnesses. The best way to treat your cold is to manage the symptoms. Save the antibiotics for strep throat or a sinus infection.


Question: Does zinc work for colds?

Answer: Echinacea is one of the first natural treatments people suggest when you have a cold, but most studies show it just doesn't work.


Question: How do I know if I have a cold or allergies?

Answer: Here's how to tell them apart: Cold symptoms usually take a few days to fully show up. Allergies can come on quickly, and they last for as long as you come in contact with the allergen. Both cause a cough, runny nose, and sneezing, but a cold is more likely to give you aches and pains or a fever.


Question: Can I still work out with a cold?

Answer: It's OK to be active if your cold symptoms are all above your neck, like a runny nose, stuffy head, sneezing or sore throat. Consider ramping down from a run to a walk, though. But if you have symptoms below the neck, like chest congestion, a hacking cough, an upset tummy, fever, muscle aches or fatigue, give yourself permission to sit it out. Rest is what gives your immune system time to recharge.


Question: Does echinacea help for colds?

Answer: Echinacea is one of the first natural treatments people suggest when you have a cold, but most studies show it just doesn't work.


Question: Does vitamin C help treat colds?

Answer: Echinacea is one of the first natural treatments people suggest when you have a cold, but most studies show it just doesn't work.


Question: Can stress make you sick?

Answer: When you're freaked out about life, work, or whatever, it takes a toll on your immune system. You can't fight off viruses as well as you should. That makes you more likely to get a cold, and once that happens, your symptoms are going to be worse. Ongoing stress makes your body less able to respond to cortisol, a hormone that controls your body's response to threats like the virus that causes the common cold.


Question: How can men prevent genital itching?

Answer: Males should take the following steps to help avoid genital itching: Wash the penis well, including the area under the foreskin in uncircumcised men. Keep the area dry, since moisture in the genital area can lead to infections. Cornstarch powders during the summer may be helpful. Both males and females should take the following steps to help avoid genital itching: Wear loose, natural-fiber underwear and clothing. Change underwear at least every 24 hours. Keep the genital area clean and dry. Use mild soap and rinse well. Use mild, unscented laundry detergents to wash your underwear. Dry off thoroughly after bathing and swimming. Avoid staying in wet clothing for long periods of time. Avoid unprotected sex, especially if you are worried that you or your partner might have an infection.


Question: What is rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: Rotator cuff impingement is most common in older adults and athletes, but 20% of all people will get it at some point in their lives. This shoulder problem can often be treated at home, but in severe cases you may need surgery.


Question: What is the surgery and recovery process like for rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: The surgery often is done on an outpatient basis, meaning you shouldn't have to spend the night in a hospital. Afterward, your arm will need to be in a sling or splint. While recovery is different for everyone, it may take 3 to 4 months before your arm fully heals. During that time you'll need to do daily exercises to rebuild your strength. Because healing can take a while, talk to your doctor about whether surgery is the best option for you.


Question: Can rest and pain relievers help treat rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: Most people are able to easily treat themselves at home by: Rest. You'll need to stop all physical activity that puts stress on your shoulder or causes you pain. This may include things you do at your job. Pain relievers. Over-the-counter NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen can ease your pain.


Question: How is rotator cuff impingement diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms. Then she'll have you move your shoulder in different ways to test your strength and range of motion. Because many other conditions share the same symptoms as impingement, your doctor will likely do an imaging test to see what's happening inside your shoulder. This may include an X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI.


Question: How does finasteride (Propecia) work?

Answer: Popping a pill to thwart thinning hair may sound too good to be true, but it's possible with finasteride ( Propecia). The drug works by lowering levels of a hormone that shrinks hair follicles, called dihydrotestosterone ( DHT). It slows hair loss in about 88% of men and helps hair regrow in about 66%. You need a doctor's prescription to get finasteride, which you take every day. Be patient, though: It can take 6 months to see results, because hair loss and growth happen slowly.


Question: What are symptoms of roundworms?

Answer: Some dogs don’t show symptoms of being infected, but many do. Here’s what to look for: Pot-belly Weakness Diarrhea Vomiting Belly pain Dull coat Weight loss Roundworms in poop or vomit If you see these signs, take your dog to the vet. He'll test a sample of your dog’s poop and begin a set of treatments if necessary.


Question: How can a dog get roundworms?

Answer: Your dog may get them from: His mother. If your puppy’s mother is infected with roundworms, she may pass them before he’s born. Or he may get them by drinking her milk. The environment. Your pup can get roundworms if he eats roundworm eggs that come from another animal’s poop, or if he eats mice or other small animals that are infected.


Question: What happens when a roundworm gets in your dog?

Answer: This is how the cycle continues: After your dog swallows the eggs, they hatch and turn into larvae. The larvae then spread through your dog’s liver and up to his windpipe. Next he coughs and then swallows the larvae. That’s how they get into his intestine, where they can grow into adult worms. Then they lay their own eggs, which continues the cycle.


Question: What are treatments for roundworms?

Answer: There are many safe and effective deworming drugs. They include fenbendazole, milbemycin, moxidectin, piperazine, and pyrantel. Your vet will give your dog one to three doses at first, which will kill the adult worms. Your dog will get follow-up doses to kill any new worms that weren’t fully developed when the first doses were given.


Question: Why do people snore?

Answer: Snoring occurs when the flow of air through the mouth and nose is physically obstructed. Air flow can be obstructed by a combination of factors, including: Obstructed nasal airways: Some people snore only during allergy seasons or when they have a sinus infection.


Question: Can snoring be a serious problem?

Answer: Snoring is a common condition that can affect anyone, although it occurs more frequently in men and people who are overweight. Snoring has a tendency to worsen with age. Occasional snoring is usually not very serious and is mostly a nuisance for your bed partner. However, if you are a habitual snorer, you not only disrupt the sleep patterns of those close to you, but you also impair your own sleep quality. Medical assistance is often needed for habitual snorers (and their loved ones) to get a good night's sleep.


Question: What is radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer: Surgery alone may cure the cancer, so not everyone needs this step. After the operation, your thyroid gets tested. The results will help you and your doctor decide if you might need RAI ablation to keep cancer from returning. This is typically a one-time treatment where you take a pill with radioactive iodine. Any leftover thyroid cells take in the iodine, which then kills them. It doesn't usually have side effects, since only thyroid cells soak it up.


Question: What are symptoms of papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer: Often, you won't have any. You might only find out about it because of an imaging test for another problem. Or, during a routine physical, your doctor might just happen to feel a lump, called a nodule, on your thyroid. Nodules are growths that may be solid or filled with fluid. They're very common and often don't cause any trouble. But about 1 in 20 are cancer.


Question: What are symptoms of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a nodule gets bigger?

Answer: As a nodule gets bigger, you may start to have symptoms like: Lump in your neck that you can see or feel Hard time swallowing (you might have pain or find that food or pills get stuck) Sore throat or hoarseness that doesn't go away Swollen lymph nodes in your neck Trouble breathing, especially when you lie down Doctors aren't sure.


Question: What might raise your chances of getting papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer: You may have a higher chance of getting papillary thyroid carcinoma because of things like: Certain genetic conditions. Diseases like familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP), Gardner syndrome, and Cowden disease can raise your odds. Family history. In a small number of cases, papillary thyroid carcinoma runs in the family. Radiation therapy. If you had radiation to treat cancer for another condition when you were a child, it can raise your chances. Gender. It's much more common in women than men, but doctors aren't sure why.


Question: Who might need radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer: You typically get RAI ablation if you had nodules bigger than 4 centimeters or if the cancer: Grows beyond the thyroid Moves into the lymph nodes Spreads to another part of your body Thyroid hormone pills.


Question: What follow-up care will you need after getting papillary thyroid carcinoma treatment?

Answer: At first, you'll get blood tests every few months to check your thyroid hormone levels and get the dose right for your medicine. Once everything has evened out, you'll get an ultrasound and blood tests every 6-12 months. This is to check that you still have the right dose for your meds and to make sure the cancer hasn't come back.


Question: What are the symptoms of renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension usually causes no symptoms. The narrowing in the arteries can't be felt. Unless it's dangerously high, high blood pressure causes no symptoms, either. Symptoms of severely elevated blood pressure include: Headache Confusion Blurry or double vision Bloody (pink-colored) urine Nosebleed The vast majority of people with renal hypertension never experience these (or any) symptoms.


Question: What is a renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension, also called renovascular hypertension, is elevated blood pressure caused by kidney disease. It can usually be controlled by blood pressure drugs. Some people with renal hypertension can be helped by angioplasty, stenting, or surgery on the blood vessels of the kidney.


Question: Are there different treatment options for breast cancer?

Answer: Others target the specific glitch in your cells that allows the cancer to survive or grow. But no matter which one you and your doctor choose, the goal is the same: get rid of the cancer so it doesn't come back. To start, you and your doctor will want to know: The type of breast cancer you have The size of your tumor and how far the cancer has spread in your body, called the stage of your disease How fast it will grow How likely the cancer is to spread or come back after treatment How well certain therapies will work for you Your age and how healthy you are The option you'd prefer These details will help your doctor recommend some treatments that could work well for you. The most common treatments for breast cancer are: Surgery.


Question: What are targeted treatments for breast cancer?

Answer: These fight the changes in cells that lead to cancer. For instance, some cells have too much of a type of protein, which makes them grow too much. Drugs can block how these proteins work. Targeted treatments often have fewer side effects than those that affect the whole body, like chemo.


Question: How do I choose the right treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: To start, you and your doctor will want to know: The type of breast cancer you have The size of your tumor and how far the cancer has spread in your body, called the stage of your disease How fast it will grow How likely the cancer is to spread or come back after treatment How well certain therapies will work for you Your age and how healthy you are The option you'd prefer These details will help your doctor recommend some treatments that could work well for you.


Question: What happens during chemotherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: During chemo, you take drugs as pills or through an IV to treat the disease throughout your body. Most people get it after surgery to kill any cancer cells left behind. Doctors also prescribe it before surgery to make tumors smaller. Chemo works well against cancer, but it also can harm healthy cells. This can cause side effects such as hair loss, mouth sores, and nausea.


Question: What happens during breast cancer surgery?

Answer: For most people, the first step is to take out the tumor. An operation called lumpectomy removes only the part of your breast that has cancer. Sometimes it's called breast-conserving surgery. In a mastectomy, doctors remove the whole breast. Be sure to discuss the pros and cons of both types of surgery with your doctor. Often, removal of your whole breast does not work better or help you live longer.


Question: What causes a hiatal hernia?

Answer: Most of the time, the cause is not known. A person may be born with a larger hiatal opening. Increased pressure in the abdomen such as from pregnancy, obesity, coughing, or straining during bowel movements may also play a role.


Question: What is recovery like after surgery for hiatal hernia?

Answer: Many patients are able to walk around the day after hernia surgery. Generally, there are no dietary restrictions and the patient can resume his or her regular activities within a week. Complete recovery will take two to three weeks, and hard labor and heavy lifting should be avoided for at least three months after surgery. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee, even with surgery, that the hernia will not return.


Question: What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer: In a sliding hiatal hernia, the stomach and the section of the esophagus that joins the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus. This is the more common type of hernia.


Question: When should I call the doctor about a hiatal hernia?

Answer: If you have been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia and you develop severe pain in the chest or abdomen, become nauseated, are vomiting, or are unable to have a bowel movement or pass gas, you may have a strangulated hernia or an obstruction, which are medical emergencies. Call your doctor immediately.


Question: Who is likeliest to get a hiatal hernia?

Answer: Hiatal hernias occur more often in women, people who are overweight, and people older than 50.


Question: What are the different types of hiatal hernia?

Answer: The esophagus and stomach stay in their normal locations, but part of the stomach squeezes through the hiatus, landing it next to the esophagus.


Question: When is hiatal hernia surgery necessary?

Answer: If the hiatal hernia is in danger of becoming constricted or strangulated (so that the blood supply is cut off), surgery may be needed to reduce the hernia, meaning put it back where it belongs. Hiatal hernia surgery can often be performed as a laparoscopic, or "minimally invasive," procedure. During this type of surgery, a few small (5 to 10 millimeter) incisions are made in the abdomen. The laparoscope that allows the surgeon to see inside the abdomen and surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions. The surgeon is guided by the laparoscope, which transmits a picture of the internal organs to a monitor. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery include smaller incisions, less risk of infection, less pain and scarring, and a more rapid recovery.


Question: What are the symptoms of indigestion?

Answer: You might have: Bloating Belching and gas Nausea and vomiting An acidic taste in your mouth Fullness during or after a meal Growling stomach Burning in your stomach or upper belly Belly pain These symptoms might be worse when you're stressed. If you swallow too much air when you eat, that can make belching and bloating worse. People often have indigestion along with heartburn (a burning feeling deep in the chest), which happens when stomach acids rise into the esophagus.


Question: When should I call the doctor about indigestion?

Answer: Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious health problem, let your doctor know if you have any of the following symptoms: Vomiting or blood in your vomit. It may look like coffee grounds. Weight loss you can't explain Loss of appetite Stools that are bloody, black, or tarry Severe pain in your upper-right belly Pain in the upper- or lower-right parts of your belly Feeling uncomfortable even if you haven't eaten A heart attack can cause symptoms that feel like indigestion. Get medical help right away if you have shortness of breath, sweating, or pain that spreads along your jaw, neck, or arm.


Question: What is the treatment for indigestion?

Answer: Indigestion often goes away on its own after a few hours. But let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse. Any treatment you get will depend on what's causing your indigestion. You can also do some things on your own to ease your symptoms: Try not to chew with your mouth open, talk while you chew, or eat too fast. This makes you swallow too much air, which can add to indigestion. Drink beverages after rather than during meals. Avoid late-night eating. Try to relax after meals. Avoid spicy foods. If you smoke, quit. Avoid alcohol.


Question: What does indigestion indicate?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own. Any treatment you get will depend on what the cause is.


Question: What diseases can cause indigestion?

Answer: Gastroparesis, a condition where the stomach doesn't empty properly. It often happens to people with diabetes. Stomach infections Irritable bowel syndrome Pancreatitis, an inflamed pancreas Thyroid disease Medications : Aspirin and many other pain relievers Estrogen and birth control pills Steroid medications Some antibiotics Thyroid medicines Lifestyle: Eating too much, too fast, or when you're stressed.


Question: How is acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) diagnosed?

Answer: He'll most likely discuss your past medical history, medications you take, and talk about your symptoms. He'll also request a blood test called a complete blood count, or CBC, to look for signs of anemia. This test measures: The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets The size of your red blood cells The protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen (hemoglobin) How much space red blood cells take up in your blood (hematocrit) A low red blood cell count and low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are signs of anemia.


Question: When should you see a doctor about acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)?

Answer: Some of these are: Cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non- Hodgkin's lymphoma Infections like Mycoplasma pneumoniae Medicines such as penicillin, methyldopa ( Aldomet), quinine ( Qualaquin), and sulfonamides Viruses such as Epstein- Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and hepatitis People with acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia have symptoms that include: Chills Fast heartbeat, known as tachycardia Pale skin that may start to yellow Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Chest pain Yellow skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice) Dark urine A feeling of abdominal fullness related to an enlarged spleen If you think you could have any type of anemia, you should talk to your primary doctor. He may refer you to a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in blood diseases. He'll most likely discuss your past medical history, medications you take, and talk about your symptoms.


Question: How is acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) treated?

Answer: If you have a disease like lupus that's causing your anemia, your doctor will treat it first. If a medication is the cause, you'll likely have to stop taking that medicine. If your AIHA is mild, you may not need any treatment at all. Doctors usually first prescribe steroids, such as hydrocortisone or prednisone, to stop your immune system from attacking your red blood cells. Then surgery to remove the spleen and a medicine called rituximab may be ordered. And other medicines such as azathioprine ( Imuran) and cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan) can be used to suppress the immune system. Blood transfusions may also be needed in some cases.


Question: Is exercise a treatment for clinical depression?

Answer: Research has shown that exercise is an effective but often underused treatment for mild to moderate depression.


Question: How often should I exercise to ease depression?

Answer: ( For example: weight loss, strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, or mood enhancement) Try to exercise at least 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week. Studies indicate that exercising four or five times a week is even better. Take it easy if you are just beginning. Start exercising for 20 minutes. Then you can build up to 30 minutes.


Question: How can I decide what types of exercise to do if I have depression?

Answer: Before you begin an exercise program for depression, here are some questions you should consider: What physical activities do I enjoy? Do I prefer group or individual activities? What programs best fit my schedule? Do I have physical conditions that limit my choice of exercise? What goals do I have in mind? ( For example: weight loss, strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, or mood enhancement) Try to exercise at least 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before exercising if I have depression?

Answer: For most people, it is OK to start an exercise program without checking with a health care provider. However, if you have not exercised in a while, are over age 50, or have a medical condition such as diabetes or heart disease, contact your health care provider before starting an exercise program.


Question: What are the psychological benefits of exercise with depression?

Answer: When you exercise, your body releases chemicals called endorphins. These endorphins interact with the receptors in your brain that reduce your perception of pain. Endorphins also trigger a positive feeling in the body, similar to that of morphine. For example, the feeling that follows a run or workout is often described as "euphoric." That feeling, known as a "runner's high," can be accompanied by a positive and energizing outlook on life.


Question: What should you do if your child has a cold or flu and won't drink fluids?

Answer: If that happens, think of some tempting alternatives to a glass of water or juice: Popsicles. If possible, get ones that are sugar-free or made with real fruit juice, or make your own. Pedialyte comes in frozen pops, too. Gelatin. Use a cookie cutter to make fun shapes. Soups. The warmth may help break up congestion in your child's airways. Some studies also show that chicken soup -- your grandmother's home remedy -- really may fight inflammation and help with colds. Offer your child liquids in new, fun ways. Put a drink in a cup they don't usually use. Give him a straw. Pour some juice in a bowl and have him eat with a spoon. Try any tricks you can think of to make it more interesting.


Question: How much fluid does my kid need if they have a cold or flu?

Answer: It depends on his weight and age. Some experts say kids older than 1 need as many as 4 to 5 cups of fluid a day -- from both drinks and foods. If your child is older or weighs more, he'll need more fluid.


Question: How can you reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Usually, with a few basic changes in diet and activities, IBS will improve over time. Here are some tips to help reduce symptoms: Avoid caffeine (in coffee, teas, and sodas). Add more fiber to your diet with foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Drink at least three to four glasses of water per day. Don't smoke. Learn to relax, either by getting more exercise or by reducing stress in your life. Limit how much milk or cheese you eat. Eat smaller meals more often instead of big meals. Keep a record of the foods you eat so you can figure out which foods bring on bouts of IBS.


Question: How is irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: There are no specific lab tests that can diagnose IBS. Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone.


Question: How should you take medications for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Make sure to follow your doctor's instructions when taking IBS medications, including laxatives, which can be habit forming if you don't use them carefully.


Question: What is irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: IBS is a mix of belly discomfort or pain and trouble with bowel habits: either going more or less often than normal (diarrhea or constipation) or having a different kind of stool (thin, hard, or soft and liquid).


Question: How many people are affected by irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: IBS affects between 25 and 45 million Americans. Most of them are women. People are most likely to get the condition in their late teens to early 40s.


Question: What kinds of tests do doctors use to determine if someone has irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone.


Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: While there are several things known to trigger IBS symptoms, experts don't know what causes the condition. Studies suggest that the colon gets hypersensitive, overreacting to mild stimulation. Instead of slow, rhythmic muscle movements, the bowel muscles spasm. That can cause diarrhea or constipation. Some think that IBS happens when the muscles in the bowels don't squeeze normally, which affects the movement of stool. But studies don't seem to back this up. Another theory suggests it may involve chemicals made by the body, such as serotonin and gastrin, that control nerve signals between the brain and digestive tract. Other researchers are studying to see if certain bacteria in the bowels can lead to the condition Because IBS happens in women much more often than in men, some believe hormones may play a role.


Question: What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: People with IBS have symptoms that can include: Diarrhea (often described as violent episodes of diarrhea) Constipation Constipation alternating with diarrhea Belly pains or cramps, usually in the lower half of the belly, that get worse after meals and feel better after a bowel movement A lot of gas or bloating Harder or looser stools than normal (pellets or flat ribbon stools) A belly that sticks out Stress can make symptoms worse. Some people also have urinary symptoms or sexual problems. There are four types of the condition. There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Some people have an alternating pattern of constipation and diarrhea. This is called mixed IBS ( IBS- M). Other people don't fit into these categories easily, called unsubtyped IBS, or IBS- U.


Question: What can may irritable bowel syndrome worse?

Answer: People with IBS have symptoms that can include: Diarrhea (often described as violent episodes of diarrhea) Constipation Constipation alternating with diarrhea Belly pains or cramps, usually in the lower half of the belly, that get worse after meals and feel better after a bowel movement A lot of gas or bloating Harder or looser stools than normal (pellets or flat ribbon stools) A belly that sticks out Stress can make symptoms worse.


Question: How is irritable bowel syndrome treated?

Answer: Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone. You and your doctor will need to work together to find the right treatment plan to manage your symptoms.


Question: What triggers irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Many things can trigger IBS symptoms, including certain foods, medicines, the presence of gas or stool, and emotional stress. You'll need to learn what your triggers are. You may need to make some lifestyle changes and take medication.


Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: While there are several things known to trigger IBS symptoms, experts don't know what causes the condition. Studies suggest that the colon gets hypersensitive, overreacting to mild stimulation. Instead of slow, rhythmic muscle movements, the bowel muscles spasm. That can cause diarrhea or constipation. Some think that IBS happens when the muscles in the bowels don't squeeze normally, which affects the movement of stool. But studies don't seem to back this up. Another theory suggests it may involve chemicals made by the body, such as serotonin and gastrin, that control nerve signals between the brain and digestive tract. Other researchers are studying to see if certain bacteria in the bowels can lead to the condition Because IBS happens in women much more often than in men, some believe hormones may play a role. So far, studies haven't borne this out.


Question: What are the types of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There are four types of the condition. There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Some people have an alternating pattern of constipation and diarrhea. This is called mixed IBS ( IBS- M). Other people don't fit into these categories easily, called unsubtyped IBS, or IBS- U.


Question: Do antidepressants help treat hot flashes?

Answer: Antidepressants : Studies show antidepressants like Prozac and Effexor reduce hot flashes. One study found that venlafaxine, the main ingredient in Effexor, reduced hot flashes and night sweats by 48%. The results were similar to those for low-dose estrogen but without the risks.


Question: How will I know when to stop taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause?

Answer: Several years of treatment is usually enough to relieve symptoms. So if you've been on HRT for more than 5 years, talk with your doctor about tapering off. But you should remember that after stopping, you can expect the hot flushes to return.


Question: What are bio-identical estrogen patches, creams, or vaginal rings for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Answer: Bio-identical estrogen patches, creams, or vaginal rings: These forms of estrogen are similar to what the body makes. Unlike a pill, they enter the body through the skin or walls of the vagina. In this way, they bypass the liver, reducing the risk of serious blood clots or gallbladder disease.


Question: Do women take menopausal hormone replacement therapy to help prevent heart disease or osteoporosis?

Answer: HRT and Heart Disease: Doctors no longer prescribe hormones to manage heart disease or other chronic conditions like osteoporosis.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help you manage menopause symptoms besides taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Answer: Lifestyle changes: Here are some other ways to cope with menopause symptoms: Dress in layers so you can remove clothes as needed. Avoid hot and spicy foods and beverages. Use cotton sheets, and wear clothes that allow your skin to breathe. Limit caffeine and alcohol. Use relaxation techniques such as yoga. Don't smoke. Get regular exercise. Don't forget to check with your doctor.


Question: How old do you have to be to donate part of your liver?

Answer: Most transplant centers want you to be between 18 and 60 years old, although the exact age range varies. The reason is that older donors tend to have more complications than younger ones. Transplant centers also consider children and teens to be too young to give the proper consent.


Question: Is it safe to use an asthma inhaler while pregnant?

Answer: It's OK to use an inhaler.


Question: How can I reduce the impact of my asthma on my  baby?

Answer: Good asthma control is the key to a successful pregnancy. To lessen the impact of your condition on your unborn baby: Have an asthma plan. Work with your asthma doctor to find the right kind and amount of medication for you to take. Recognize your asthma triggers. Keep a diary of what makes your asthma worse, and find ways to avoid those triggers. Receive coordinated care. Make sure your asthma doctor and your pregnancy provider coordinate your care.


Question: Can I take my asthma medicine during labor and breastfeeding?

Answer: In general, the same asthma treatment that's OK when you're pregnant is OK when you go into labor and when you breastfeed your baby. Talk to your doctor to make sure your asthma medicine is safe to keep taking in these circumstances.


Question: Can I get allergy shots and the flu shot while pregnant?

Answer: Tell your allergist if you're pregnant. You shouldn't start allergy shots if you're pregnant. But if you're already getting them, your doctor will probably continue them and monitor you for any problems. The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and people with asthma because they're among groups at high risk for severe flu complications, including death. Pregnant women should only get the flu shot (notthe nasal flu vaccine).


Question: What diseases can lead to osteoporosis in children?

Answer: Some of the diseases that can lead to osteoporosis in children include: anorexia nervosa Cushing's syndrome cystic fibrosis diabetes homocystinuria, a genetic metabolic disorder hyperparathyroidism hyperthyroidism juvenile arthritis kidney disease leukemia malabsorption syndrome osteogenesis imperfecta, sometimes called brittle bone disease Some osteoporosis in children is a direct result of disease itself.


Question: How does colchicine treat gout?

Answer: These include: Colchicine is an gout medicine that's most effective if taken right away. Stomach problems are common side effects, but more serious ones can happen too.


Question: How does staying hydrated manage gout?

Answer: It's thought that drinking plenty of water can help flush out uric acid and keep your kidneys working well. A good goal is to down 64 ounces a day, roughly eight glasses. Drink more when you're exercising.


Question: If I have diabetes, what medicines may help prevent gout?

Answer: People with diabetes should have a uric acid level at or below 6 mg/d L to reduce the risk. Ask your doctor to test your blood if you don't know your number. Your doctor may suggest medication to help you make less uric acid or help your kidneys get rid of more of it. Treatments may include: Uricosuric agents to help your body pass more uric acid Xanthine oxidase inhibitors to help your body make less uric acid If you have a flare of gout, medications can ease pain and swelling.


Question: What other health problems can cause gout?

Answer: High blood pressure, kidney disease, and obesity raise uric acid levels and can bring on a gout flare. Make sure you're seeing your doctor regularly and following your treatment plan if you have any of these conditions.


Question: How does age relate to diabetes and gout?

Answer: If you're older than 45, you have a bigger risk for both.


Question: How does hydrating affect gout and diabetes?

Answer: It's thought that drinking plenty of water can help flush out uric acid and keep your kidneys working well. A good goal is to down 64 ounces a day, roughly eight glasses. Drink more when you're exercising.


Question: What triggers gout?

Answer: Something that causes a flare in one person might not do it in another. But common triggers include: Heavy alcohol use, especially drinking beer and hard liquor Foods high in purines, including red meat, organ meat (like liver), and some seafood, including shellfish Sugary sodas and foods with fructose, a type of sugar Some drugs used to treat high blood pressure, leg swelling, or heart failure Fasting and dehydration If you think something may trigger gout for you, talk to your doctor about ways to avoid it.


Question: What is the link between diabetes and gout?

Answer: People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have hyperuricemia, and people with gout and high uric acid may be more likely to get diabetes. Not everyone with hyperuricemia gets gout, but your chances go up as uric acid levels rise. Type 2 diabetes happens when your body doesn't use insulin well and sugar stays in the blood instead of moving into cells. This is called insulin resistance. Studies show this may play a role in the development of gout and hyperuricemia may make insulin resistance worse. A 2010 study published in The American Journal of Medicine examined thousands of adults and their children. The researchers found that those with higher uric acid levels were more likely to get type 2 diabetes.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treat gout?

Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDS) include ibuprofen and naproxen. Don't take aspirin. It can make the pain worse.


Question: How does obesity relate to diabetes and gout?

Answer: Almost 90% of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese. People who are obese are four times more likely to get gout than a person of normal weight. Carrying extra pounds slows down your kidneys' ability to remove uric acid.


Question: What is the link between gout and diabetes?

Answer: People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have hyperuricemia, and people with gout and high uric acid may be more likely to get diabetes. Not everyone with hyperuricemia gets gout, but your chances go up as uric acid levels rise. Type 2 diabetes happens when your body doesn't use insulin well and sugar stays in the blood instead of moving into cells. This is called insulin resistance. Studies show this may play a role in the development of gout and hyperuricemia may make insulin resistance worse.


Question: How does exercise manage gout?

Answer: Get moving. Regular exercise helps control blood sugar and can help you lose weight, which can help your body remove excess uric acid. Talk to your doctor about what kinds of activities can benefit both conditions.


Question: How do other health conditions relate to diabetes and gout?

Answer: About 80% of people with type 2 diabetes also have high blood pressure. That raises acid levels and is also linked to insulin resistance. Gout and diabetes are linked to kidney damage and heart disease, too.


Question: How does taking control of other health problems manage gout?

Answer: High blood pressure, kidney disease, and obesity raise uric acid levels and can bring on a gout flare. Make sure you're seeing your doctor regularly and following your treatment plan if you have any of these conditions.


Question: What do the studies suggest about gout and diabetes?

Answer: A 2010 study published in The American Journal of Medicine examined thousands of adults and their children. The researchers found that those with higher uric acid levels were more likely to get type 2 diabetes. A 2014 study in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found the gout-diabetes connection was especially strong in women. Researchers said that women with gout were 71% more likely to get diabetes than women without it.


Question: How do doctors treat gout?

Answer: People with diabetes should have a uric acid level at or below 6 mg/d L to reduce the risk. Ask your doctor to test your blood if you don't know your number. Your doctor may suggest medication to help you make less uric acid or help your kidneys get rid of more of it. Treatments may include: Uricosuric agents to help your body pass more uric acid Xanthine oxidase inhibitors to help your body make less uric acid If you have a flare of gout, medications can ease pain and swelling.


Question: Who gets adjustment disorder?

Answer: Adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome is very common and can affect anyone, regardless of gender, age, race, or lifestyle. Although an adjustment disorder can occur at any age, it is more common at times in life when major transitions occur, such as adolescence, mid-life, and late-life.


Question: What can trigger an adjustment disorder?

Answer: The type of stress that can trigger an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome varies depending on the person, but can include: Ending of a relationship or marriage Losing or changing job Death of a loved one Developing a serious illness (yourself or a loved one) Being a victim of a crime Having an accident Undergoing a major life change (such as getting married, having a baby, or retiring from a job) Living through a disaster, such as a fire, flood, or hurricane A person with an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome develops emotional and/or behavioral symptoms as a reaction to a stressful event.


Question: Is adjustment disorder the same thing as PTSD?

Answer: An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome is not the same as post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD). PTSD occurs as a reaction to a life-threatening event that occurs at least 1 month after the event, and its symptoms tend to last longer than in adjustment disorders/stress response syndromes. By comparison, adjustment disorders/stress response syndromes rarely last longer than six months.


Question: How do you diagnose an adjustment disorder?

Answer: If symptoms are present, your doctor may perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical and mental health history. Although there are no imaging or lab tests to specifically diagnose an adjustment disorder, the doctor may sometimes use laboratory tests -- such as blood tests or imaging studies like CT or MRI scans -- to rule out physical illness or other medical causes of changes in mood or behavior (such as head trauma) as the cause of your symptoms. Your doctor will also look for other mental illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, or an anxiety disorder. Your doctor bases his or her diagnosis of adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome on your report of the intensity and duration of symptoms -- including any problems with daily functioning caused by the symptoms.


Question: Is adjustment disorder different in children and adults?

Answer: An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome can have a wide variety of symptoms that are changes from someone's usual self, which may include: Feeling of hopelessness Sadness Frequent crying Anxiety (nervousness) Worry Headaches or stomachaches Palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of irregular or forceful beating of the heart) Withdrawal or isolation from people and social activities A new pattern of absence from work or school New and uncharacteristic dangerous or destructive behavior, such as fighting, reckless driving, and vandalism Changes in appetite, either loss of appetite, or overeating Problems sleeping Feeling tired or without energy Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs Symptoms in children and teens tend to be more behavioral in nature, such as skipping school, fighting, or acting out. Adults, on the other hand, tend to experience more emotional symptoms, such as sadness and anxiety.


Question: How long do symptoms of adjustment disorder last?

Answer: These symptoms generally begin within three months of the event and rarely last for longer than six months after the event or situation has ended.


Question: What is adjustment disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Adjustment disorder is a short-term condition that occurs when a person has great difficulty coping with, or adjusting to, a particular source of stress, such as a major life change, loss, or event. In 2013, the mental health diagnostic system technically changed the name of "adjustment disorder" to "stress response syndrome." Because people with an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome often have some of the symptoms of clinical depression, such as tearfulness, feelings of hopelessness, and loss of interest in work or activities, adjustment disorder is sometimes informally called "situational depression." Unlike major depression, however, an adjustment disorder doesn't involve as many of the physical and emotional symptoms of clinical depression (such as changes in sleep, appetite and energy) or high levels of severity (such as suicidal thinking or behavior).


Question: Can you prevent an adjustment disorder?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome. However, strong family and social support can help a person work through a particularly stressful situation or event. The best prevention is early treatment, which can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, and teach new coping skills.


Question: How can mastoiditis develop?

Answer: When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media), mastoiditis can develop. Because so many vital structures pass through the mastoid, infection may spread outside of the mastoid bone and cause serious health complications.


Question: What causes mastoiditis?

Answer: When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media), mastoiditis can develop. Because so many vital structures pass through the mastoid, infection may spread outside of the mastoid bone and cause serious health complications.


Question: What are the symptoms of mastoiditis?

Answer: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.


Question: How is mastoiditis diagnosed?

Answer: A sample of the infected ear fluid should be collected for culture.


Question: What complications can happen if you have mastoiditis?

Answer: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.


Question: What is mastoiditis?

Answer: The mastoid bone, which is full of these air cells, is part of the temporal bone of the skull.


Question: How is mastoiditis treated?

Answer: Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for both acute and chronic mastoiditis. If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection.


Question: When do you need surgery for mastoiditis?

Answer: If the symptoms don't quickly improve on IV antibiotics, or complications, like an abscess or bone erosion are present, surgery to remove the infected mastoid bone may be recommended. This is called a mastoidectomy.


Question: Can adults get mastoiditis?

Answer: Acute mastoiditis typically affects children, but adults can also be affected.


Question: What is a myringotomy for mastoiditis?

Answer: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. During a myringotomy, the doctor makes a small hole in the eardrum to drain the fluid and relieve pressure from the middle ear. A small tube may be inserted into the middle ear to to keep the hole from closing so as to allow for continued drainage. Typically, the tube will fall out on its own after six to 12 months.


Question: What is chronic mastoiditis?

Answer: Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone.


Question: How is acute mastoiditis treated?

Answer: If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection.


Question: What are symptoms of mastoiditis?

Answer: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.


Question: How is severe mastoiditis treated?

Answer: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy.


Question: How does mastoiditis develop?

Answer: As mentioned above, mastoiditis most often develops as a result of a middle ear infection. Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone. Less commonly, a growing collection of skin cells called a cholesteatoma, may block drainage of the ear, leading to mastoiditis.


Question: How effective is an IUD as emergency contraception?

Answer: An IUD can be inserted to prevent pregnancy.


Question: Where can you get emergency contraception?

Answer: Some doctors will prescribe ECPs over the phone and call the prescription in to a pharmacy. As mentioned above, levonorgestrel is available at pharmacies without a prescription.


Question: How effective is Plan B One-Step as an emergency contraception?

Answer: If levonorgestrel is taken as directed after unprotected sex, it will decrease the chances of a pregnancy occurring. About 7 out of every 8 women who would have gotten pregnant do not become pregnant. However, research shows that levonorgestrel starts to lose its effectiveness in women who are overweight or obese. Instead, an IUD is the suggested option in this group.


Question: Can emergency contraception protect me from contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDS)?

Answer: Emergency contraception will not protect you from contracting an STD, such as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The best way to avoid getting STDs is to limit sexual contact to one uninfected partner. If that is not an option, use a latex condom correctly every time you have sex.


Question: Who gets enuresis?

Answer: Estimates suggest that 7% of boys and 3% of girls age 5 have enuresis. These numbers drop to 3% of boys and 2% of girls by age 10. Most children outgrow this problem by the time they become teens, with only about 1% of males and less than 1% of females having the disorder at age 18.


Question: Do children outgrow bed-wetting?

Answer: Most children with enuresis outgrow the disorder by the time they reach their teen years, with a spontaneous cure rate of 12% to 15% per year. Only a small number, about 1%, continues to have a problem into adulthood.


Question: Can secondhand tobacco smoke cause lung cancer?

Answer: Secondhand tobacco smoke is also a cause. People who live with someone who smokes are 20% to 30% more likely to get lung cancer than those who live in a smoke-free home.


Question: Where does squamous cell carcinoma start?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma usually starts in the lung's largest branches, which doctors call the âcentral bronchi.â This type accounts for 30% of lung cancers, and it's more common in men and people who smoke.


Question: Besides smoking are there other causes for lung cancer?

Answer: Some genetic glitches may put some people at higher risk.


Question: What parts of the body are affected by squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma can also spread to the lymph nodes, bones, and other organs such as the liver.


Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer platelets than normal?

Answer: Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should. You might have symptoms like these: Easy bruising Bleeding that can be hard to stop Bleeding gums Small red spots under your skin caused by bleeding Nosebleeds Sores that don't heal Leukemia cells can spread to other parts of your body and cause symptoms like these: Balance problems Blurred vision Bone or joint pain Numbness in your face Seizures Spots or a rash on your skin Swelling in your belly Swollen, bleeding gums Swollen glands in your neck, groin, underarms, or above your collarbone If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor.


Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy red blood cells?

Answer: There are several forms of AML. Each affects a different kind of blood cell. The symptoms you have depend on the type of blood cell that's affected. If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual.


Question: What symptoms might you have if you have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and fewer healthy white blood cells than normal?

Answer: If you have fewer healthy red blood cells than normal, you'll have symptoms like these: Tiredness Weakness Pale skin Irregular heartbeat Dizziness Cold hands and feet Shortness of breath Headaches Weight loss Loss of appetite If you have fewer healthy white blood cells than normal, you may get more infections than usual. These infections may take a long time to get better. Infections can cause symptoms like these: Fever Weakness Achy muscles Fatigue Diarrhea If you have fewer platelets than usual, your blood may not clot as well as it should.


Question: What are possible causes why my arm hurts?

Answer: Sometimes, you can trace arm pain to a sports injury or simply using it too much. Other times, another condition could be to blame. Here are some other possible causes: Broken bones: If your arm starts to hurt right after a physical injury, you may have fractured it. You might also have swelling, bruising, numbness, or weakness. See your doctor right away so your arm will heal properly. Strain or sprain: An injury can cause damage to your muscles (a strain) or your ligaments (a sprain). Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, weakness, and muscle spasms. Both conditions will usually heal on their own, but if your symptoms are severe, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Tendinitis: This happens when the tendons in your shoulder or arm become inflamed. Those are bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. One example of tendinitis is âtennis elbow.â You could feel the pain in your shoulder, elbow, or wrist. It could be a result of an injury or â more often â overuse. Rotator cuff injury: This part of your shoulder is made up of muscles and tendons. It allows your shoulder to move or stay in place. As we age, tendons in the rotator cuff begin to wear down or tear. If you have a job where you make overhead motions over and over, you can damage it, too. Symptoms range from a dull ache and weakness in your arm to severe, constant pain. If you suspect a rotator cuff injury, see your doctor. You may need physical therapy. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Doing the same movements over and over with your wrist can cause damage to the main nerve in your hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain.


Question: Are creams, gels, or patches used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If your pain is only in one small area of your body, your doctor might have you try a drug that goes on your skin. You may hear him call this a topical medicine. You rub a small amount of cream or gel over the joint that hurts. Some of these medications come in patches. Your choices for this kind of medicine include NSAIDs, lidocaine, and capsaicin, the chemical in hot peppers. You can buy some over the counter, and your doctor will prescribe others.


Question: What medications are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Over the counter: Ibuprofen Naproxen Prescription: Celecoxib Diclofenac Indomethacin Meloxicam Like any medicine, these have both risks and side effects.


Question: Are painkillers used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It's fine to take over-the-counter acetaminophen when your joints hurt occasionally. But if you have severe joint damage and constant pain, your doctor may prescribe something stronger. One option is to take acetaminophen paired with an NSAID. In rare cases, your doctor might prescribe short courses of opioids. These drugs have side effects and some serious risks. You could become constipated, too sleepy, or foggy.


Question: Are there side effects for medication that is used on the skin to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Medication that you put on your skin may have fewer side effects than those you take by mouth. That's because they don't get into your bloodstream. However, that also means they may not work as well for RA as they might for other conditions.


Question: What tests do doctors use to diagnose pancreatitis?

Answer: To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis. Other tests can include: Pancreatic function test to find out whether your pancreas is making the right amounts of digestive enzymes Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI, which make images of your pancreas ERCP, in which your doctor uses a long tube with a camera on the end to look at your pancreatic and bile ducts Biopsy, in which your doctor uses a needle to remove a small piece of tissue from your pancreas to be studied In some cases, your doctor may test your blood and poop to confirm the diagnosis.


Question: What is acute pancreatitis?

Answer: Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation that lasts a short time. It can range from mild discomfort to a severe, life-threatening illness. Most people with acute pancreatitis recover completely after getting the right treatment. In severe cases, acute pancreatitis can cause bleeding, serious tissue damage, infection, and cysts. Severe pancreatitis can also harm other vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.


Question: What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Answer: Symptoms of acute pancreatitis Fever Higher heart rate Nausea and vomiting Swollen and tender belly Pain in the upper part of your belly that goes into your back. Eating may make it worse, especially foods high in fat.


Question: How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

Answer: To diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor tests your blood to measure two digestive enzymes: amylase and lipase. High levels of these two enzymes mean you probably have acute pancreatitis.


Question: Who is most likely to get sepsis?

Answer: Anyone can get it, but certain groups of people are at greater risk. They include: People whose immune systems are not working well due to illnesses like HIV/ AIDS or cancer People who take drugs that suppress the immune system, like steroids and those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs Very young babies The elderly, especially those with other health problems People who have recently been hospitalized and/or had major surgeries People with diabetes Because it can begin in different parts of the body, this illness can have many different symptoms.