Question: What research say about hypnosis (hypnotherapy) for pain?

Answer: Research shows that medical hypnosis can help with both sudden (acute) and long-term (chronic) pain from cancer, burns, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also ease the anxiety some people feel before surgery. When researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York analyzed 18 studies, they found moderate to large pain-relieving effects from hypnosis, supporting its use for pain management.


Question: How can you use breathing as meditation?

Answer: It's something you do every second of every day -- but often, we forget that it's happening at all. You can practice tuning into your breathing as a form of meditation: in and out, in and out. You can also learn to do breathing exercises. For instance, you can breathe in slowly while you count to 4, hold your breath for 7 more counts, and then exhale for 8 counts.


Question: What is clinical hypnotherapy for pain?

Answer: Clinical hypnosis is a real therapy in which you learn how to use the power of your mind to help make positive changes. And you're in control. During hypnosis, you'll focus on relaxation and letting go of distracting thoughts. You may become more open to specific suggestions and goals, such as lowering pain. After your session, your therapist will go over the things that you can do to help you reach those goals.


Question: How often should men have sex or ejaculate to help prevent prostate cancer?

Answer: The exact number of times didn't matter. Basically, the more men ejaculated in a month, the less likely they were to get prostate cancer. Why might ejaculation help prostate health? Experts aren't sure. Some believe that it can flush out harmful chemicals that might build up in semen. While research is promising, there's still a lot scientists need to learn. Some things to consider: There's no proof that ejaculating more actually causes lower chances of prostate cancer. For now, doctors just know they're connected. It may be that men who do it more tend to have other healthy habits that are lowering their odds.


Question: What are the symptoms of stomach cancer from H. pylori?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms: Stool that is bloody, dark red, or black Trouble breathing Dizziness or fainting Feeling very tired for no reason Pale skin color Vomit that has blood or looks like coffee grounds Severe, sharp stomach pain It's not common, but H. pylori infection can cause stomach cancer. The disease has few symptoms at first, such as heartburn. Over time, you may notice: Belly pain or swelling Nausea Not feeling hungry Feeling full after you eat just a small amount Vomiting Weight loss for no reason If you don't have symptoms of an ulcer, your doctor probably won't test you for H. pylori.


Question: When should you get tested for H. pylori infection?

Answer: But if you have them now or have in the past, it's best to get tested. Medicines like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) can also damage your stomach lining, so it's important to find out what's causing your symptoms so you can get the right treatment.


Question: How is a computed tomography (CT) scan used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body.


Question: How long do treatments for H. pylori infections last?

Answer: Your treatment could mean you'll take 14 or more pills per day for a few weeks, which seems like a lot of medicine. But it's really important to take everything that your doctor prescribes and to follow her instructions. If you don't take antibiotics the right way, bacteria in your body can become resistant to them, which makes infections harder to treat. If your medications bother you, talk to your doctor about your treatment options and how you can handle side effects. About 1-2 weeks after you finish your treatment, your doctor may test your breath or stool again to make sure the infection is gone.


Question: When should you call your doctor about symptoms of an ulcer from H. pylori?

Answer: Other signs of an ulcer include: Bloating Burping Not feeling hungry Nausea Vomiting Weight loss for no clear reason Ulcers can bleed into your stomach or intestines, which can be dangerous to your health. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms: Stool that is bloody, dark red, or black Trouble breathing Dizziness or fainting Feeling very tired for no reason Pale skin color Vomit that has blood or looks like coffee grounds Severe, sharp stomach pain It's not common, but H. pylori infection can cause stomach cancer.


Question: How is an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: In a hospital, a doctor will use a tube with a small camera, called an endoscope, to look down your throat and into your stomach and the upper part of your small intestine. The procedure may also be used to collect a sample that will be examined for the presence of the bacteria. You may be asleep or awake during the procedure, but you'll get medicine to make you more comfortable.


Question: How can you prevent H. pylori infection?

Answer: You can protect yourself from getting an H. pylori infection with the same steps you take to keep other germs at bay: Wash your hands after you use the bathroom and before you prepare or eat food. Teach your children to do the same. Avoid food or water that's not clean. Don't eat anything that isn't cooked thoroughly. Avoid food served by people who haven't washed their hands. Though stress, spicy foods, alcohol, and smoking don't cause ulcers, they can keep them from healing quickly or make your pain worse. Talk to your doctor about ways to manage your stress, improve your diet, and, if you smoke, how you can get help to quit.


Question: How is H. pylori infection diagnosed?

Answer: To start, your doctor will ask you about your medical history, your symptoms, and any medicines you take. Then she'll give you a physical exam, including pressing on your belly to check for swelling, tenderness, or pain. You may also have: Tests of your blood and stool, which can help find an infection Urea breath test. You'll drink a special liquid that has a substance called urea. Then you'll breathe into a bag, which your doctor will send to a lab for testing. If you have H. pylori, the bacteria will change the urea in your body into carbon dioxide, and lab tests will show that your breath has higher than normal levels of the gas.


Question: How does H. pylori make you sick?

Answer: For decades, doctors thought people got ulcers from stress, spicy foods, smoking, or other lifestyle habits.


Question: Who can get H. pylori infection?

Answer: Many people get H. pylori during childhood, but adults can get it, too. The germs live in the body for years before symptoms start, but most people who have it will never get ulcers. Doctors aren't sure why only some people get ulcers after an infection.


Question: How can diabetes cause polydipsia?

Answer: Diabetes: Super high blood sugar will make you pee a lot. The more you pee, the more dehydrated and thirstier you get, and the more you drink.


Question: What is psychogenic polydipsia?

Answer: Mental illness: Some people have an uncontrollable urge to drink water, so they drink it all day even though they don't need to. This is called psychogenic polydipsia. Mental illnesses that can cause polydipsia include: Schizophrenia and other personality disorders Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety Anorexia Brain injuries and damage: This could be from diseases like HIV or other illnesses.


Question: How can diabetes insipidus cause polydipsia?

Answer: Diabetes insipidus: What most people think of when they hear "diabetes" has to do with your pancreas. Diabetes insipidus happens when there's a problem with your kidneys or your pituitary gland, which makes a hormone that helps control how much water your kidneys keep in your body.


Question: What's the treatment for psychogenic polydipsia?

Answer: For psychogenic polydipsia, treatment includes: Limiting the fluids you drink Counseling Medication


Question: How can you match your strengths to your job if you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: ADHD symptoms can differ from person to person. The disorder can make you restless and easily distracted. Or it can make you so focused on a task that it's hard for you to shift your attention to other things. The trick is to seek jobs where your ADHD traits may be your strengths: 1.


Question: What causes a pilonidal cyst?

Answer: Most doctors think that ingrown hairs are the reason for many of them. Pilonidal means "nest of hair," and doctors sometimes find hair follicles inside the cyst. Another theory is that pilonidal cysts appear after a trauma to that region of your body.


Question: How can I ease the pain of a pilonidal cyst?

Answer: Early in the infection of a pilonidal cyst, the redness, swelling, and pain may not be too bad. Some things you might want to try: To ease any pain, soak in a tub of warm water. Sometimes, your cyst may open and drain on its own this way. Take nonprescription pain medicine, but follow the dosing instructions. Keep the cyst and area around it clean and dry.


Question: How is a pilonidal cyst diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor can diagnose a pilonidal cyst with a physical exam and by asking you questions about it. Among the things he may ask you: When did you first feel symptoms? Have you had this problem before? Have you had a fever? What medications or supplements do you take?


Question: What are symptoms of a pilonidal cyst?

Answer: The symptoms of a pilonidal cyst include: Pain, redness, and swelling at the bottom of the spine Pus or blood draining out of it Bad smell from the pus Tenderness to the touch Fever They can vary in size. Yours may be a small dimple or cover a large, painful area.


Question: Does caffeine help relieve headaches?

Answer: Whether it's a run-of-the-mill tension headache or a migraine, caffeine can help. That's why it's an ingredient in a lot of popular pain relievers. It can make them as much as 40% more effective. Sometimes you can stop the pain in its tracks just by having caffeine alone.


Question: How is caffeine related to a rebound headache?

Answer: A headache is one of the symptoms. This can happen when you have caffeine regularly, even as little as a cup of coffee a day. Too Much Medication: Caffeine can also a factor in what's known as a medication overuse, or rebound headache. This can happen when you take too much of any kind of pain reliever or take it too often. When the medicine wears off, the pain comes back worse than before. When you combine caffeine with pain relievers this condition is more likely.


Question: Could you cure your headache with caffeine?

Answer: It's possible for caffeine to both cause and cure a headache.


Question: Is caffeine connected to headaches?

Answer: It's possible for caffeine to both cause and cure a headache.


Question: What is caffeine withdrawal and how is it related to headaches?

Answer: Withdrawal: It's easy for your body to get so used to the effects of caffeine that when you don't have it in your system, you have withdrawal. A headache is one of the symptoms. This can happen when you have caffeine regularly, even as little as a cup of coffee a day.


Question: Does caffeine help treat hypnic headaches?

Answer: A very rare condition called hypnic headaches responds especially well to caffeine. These strike older people, waking them in the middle of the night with severe pain. Doctors typically tell people who get these to have a cup of coffee before bed.


Question: How can caffeine help with your headache?

Answer: Whether it's a run-of-the-mill tension headache or a migraine, caffeine can help. That's why it's an ingredient in a lot of popular pain relievers. It can make them as much as 40% more effective. Sometimes you can stop the pain in its tracks just by having caffeine alone. Caffeine helps reduce inflammation, and that can bring relief. It also gives a boost to common headache remedies. Whether you use aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen, they work faster and better and keep the pain away for longer when combined with caffeine. A very rare condition called hypnic headaches responds especially well to caffeine. These strike older people, waking them in the middle of the night with severe pain. Doctors typically tell people who get these to have a cup of coffee before bed.


Question: What can you do about drinking caffeine for headaches?

Answer: Be aware of how caffeine affects you, and pay attention to how much of it you drink and eat. If you get migraines, or if you find yourself having headaches frequently, you may want to try to cut down on caffeine or avoid it completely. It's best to do that gradually. For example, if you normally have 2 cups of coffee in the morning, start by cutting back to one. If you quit suddenly, it can take up to a week to get past the withdrawal symptoms. Keep track of your headaches and what seems to help. Get good sleep, and drink plenty of water. A nutritious diet and daily exercise can also help. Try to manage stress. You might be able to beat a headache with relaxation techniques, meditation, or massage instead of using medicine or caffeine.


Question: How does caffeine intake negatively affect headaches?

Answer: Oddly enough, what makes caffeine effective in pain relief can also cause headaches. Since caffeine narrows the blood vessels that surround your brain, when you stop taking it they expand again, and that can cause pain.


Question: What should I do if I want to stop dialysis?

Answer: But you can choose not to have it or stop at any time. If you do, make sure to talk to your doctor about other treatments that can help you. Changes to your diet or lifestyle may improve your quality of life. If you want to stop dialysis because you feel depressed or ashamed, your doctor may urge you to speak to a counselor first. Sharing your feelings, taking antidepressants, or doing both of these things may help you make a more informed decision.


Question: What are the different kinds of peritoneal dialysis (PD)?

Answer: This process is called an âexchange.â There are two kinds of PD: Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis ( CCPD): This uses a machine to do your exchanges. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD): You'll do your exchanges by hand. You'll likely do four to six exchanges each day. Your doctor can help you decide which type fits your lifestyle. Some people do both.


Question: What are some tips to stay healthy during dialysis?

Answer: Hemodialysis patients are also at an increased risk for infections. Try these tips to stay healthy: Check your access site daily for redness, pus, and swelling. If you see any, call your doctor. Keep the bandage that covers your catheter clean and dry.


Question: How is a needle biopsy or needle aspiration done to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: Your doctor numbs your skin and uses a needle to remove a sample of tissue. You may hear him talk about two different types. If he uses a thin needle it's called fine needle aspiration. A procedure that uses a slightly thicker, hollow needle to remove a piece of tissue along with the cells is called a core biopsy. Your doctor may use a CT scan or X-ray to guide the needle to the right spot.


Question: What are reasons besides smoking that I should get screened for lung cancer?

Answer: Besides smoking, there are other reasons you could have higher odds of lung cancer. Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT).


Question: Who should get screened for lung cancer?

Answer: Experts have different views. Several health organizations, including the American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, and the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force, say you should do it if you're at least 55 and you are or were a long-term smoker.


Question: How is an open biopsy done to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: You need to be in a hospital operating room to get this done. A surgeon removes tissue through a cut in your chest. You'll get anesthesia that puts you to sleep while this is going on. However your biopsy is done, after it's over the cells that were removed are sent to a lab. A specialist called a pathologist looks at them under a microscope to check if any of them are cancer.


Question: How is a sputum cytology test used to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: This test looks for cancer cells in your mucus. To get a sample, you'll breathe deeply and then cough with enough force to bring some up from your lungs. Then you'll spit it out into a cup.


Question: What happens after you have been diagnosed with lung cancer?

Answer: But make sure you also get the emotional backing you need. Reach out to your family and friends. They can be a huge source of support while you manage and treat your condition. Also look into support groups, where you can talk to people who are going through the same things you are.


Question: How is a bronchoscopy used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: For this test, he removes a tissue sample through a thin tube that he places into your lungs.


Question: How does screening for lung cancer work?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT). It's a machine that uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of your lungs. It's a super-easy exam to take. You don't need any special prep, like fasting. You just need to hold your breath for about 6 seconds while a technician takes a scan. The whole thing takes about 10 minutes. One thing to keep in mind: Sometimes an LCDT can give a result that looks like cancer, but really isn't. Doctors call this situation a false-positive. You may need to take some other tests to double-check.


Question: What is an open biopsy?

Answer: You need to be in a hospital operating room to get this done. A surgeon removes tissue through a cut in your chest. You'll get anesthesia that puts you to sleep while this is going on. However your biopsy is done, after it's over the cells that were removed are sent to a lab. A specialist called a pathologist looks at them under a microscope to check if any of them are cancer.


Question: What is the difference between a needle biopsy or needle aspiration?

Answer: Your doctor numbs your skin and uses a needle to remove a sample of tissue. You may hear him talk about two different types. If he uses a thin needle it's called fine needle aspiration. A procedure that uses a slightly thicker, hollow needle to remove a piece of tissue along with the cells is called a core biopsy. Your doctor may use a CT scan or X-ray to guide the needle to the right spot.


Question: How are imaging tests used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is.


Question: What imaging tests are useful in diagnosing lung cancer?

Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is. Some imaging tests that may be useful to make a diagnosis are: Chest X-ray. It uses radiation in low doses to make images of your lungs. CT (computed tomography). This powerful X-ray can show the size and shape of cancer, and where it is. You may get a scan of your chest and belly. If you have the disease, the doctor can see whether it has spread to places like your liver or adrenal glands. PET (positron emission tomography). It uses a special type of radiation that collects in cancer cells. A camera then takes pictures of these areas. Your doctor can use this exam to find out if a growth that showed up on an X-ray is really cancer, and to see if it's moved to other places.


Question: How is computed tomography (CT) used to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: This powerful X-ray can show the size and shape of cancer, and where it is. You may get a scan of your chest and belly. If you have the disease, the doctor can see whether it has spread to places like your liver or adrenal glands.


Question: What is an endoscopic ultrasound and how is it used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: When you get this test, he inserts a needle through a lighted tube called an endoscope.


Question: How does a screening test for lung cancer work?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest you get screened if you: Spent a lot of time around chemicals such as radon, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, silica, or asbestos Already had small-cell lung cancer, or cancer of the head or neck Had radiation therapy to the chest to treat cancer Had a parent, brother or sister, or child with lung cancer Have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis (scarring in the lungs) If you decide to get a screening test, you'll likely get something called low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT). It's a machine that uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of your lungs. It's a super-easy exam to take. You don't need any special prep, like fasting. You just need to hold your breath for about 6 seconds while a technician takes a scan. The whole thing takes about 10 minutes. One thing to keep in mind: Sometimes an LCDT can give a result that looks like cancer, but really isn't. Doctors call this situation a false-positive. You may need to take some other tests to double-check.


Question: How is a sputum cytology used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: This test looks for cancer cells in your mucus. To get a sample, you'll breathe deeply and then cough with enough force to bring some up from your lungs. Then you'll spit it out into a cup.


Question: How is a bronchoscopy done to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: For this test, he removes a tissue sample through a thin tube that he places into your lungs.


Question: How is an endoscopic ultrasound done to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: When you get this test, he inserts a needle through a lighted tube called an endoscope.


Question: How is a thoracentesis done to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: Your doctor puts a needle into the space between your lung and chest wall to remove fluid, which he checks for cancer cells.


Question: How is thoracentesis used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: Your doctor puts a needle into the space between your lung and chest wall to remove fluid, which he checks for cancer cells.


Question: What should I do as my doctor proposes a treatment plan for my lung cancer?

Answer: If you get a diagnosis of lung cancer, your doctor will discuss a treatment plan. But make sure you also get the emotional backing you need. Reach out to your family and friends. They can be a huge source of support while you manage and treat your condition. Also look into support groups, where you can talk to people who are going through the same things you are.


Question: How are imaging tests used to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: They look for growths that might be lung cancer. Your doctor will be able to figure out if the disease has spread, and if so, where in your body it is.


Question: How is a biopsy used to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: In this test, your doctor removes some cells from your lungs to check under a microscope for cancer, and to figure out which kind it is.


Question: How is a biopsy used to detect cancer?

Answer: In this test, your doctor removes some cells from your lungs to check under a microscope for cancer, and to figure out which kind it is.


Question: How is positron emission tomography (PET) used to screen for lung cancer?

Answer: It uses a special type of radiation that collects in cancer cells. A camera then takes pictures of these areas. Your doctor can use this exam to find out if a growth that showed up on an X-ray is really cancer, and to see if it's moved to other places.


Question: What happens to my body after 3-9 months of not smoking?

Answer: At this point, you can take deeper, clearer breaths. Instead of hacking, you cough in a helpful way that actually clears things out. That helps you get fewer colds and other illnesses. You'll also have more energy.


Question: What happens to my body after 10 years of not smoking?

Answer: And compared to when you first quit, you're half as likely to get cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, or bladder. Compared to someone who still smokes, you're now half as likely to die from lung cancer. And the chances you'll get cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pancreas both drop.


Question: What happens to my body after 5 years of not smoking?

Answer: Compared to someone who still smokes, you're now half as likely to die from lung cancer. And the chances you'll get cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pancreas both drop. Finally, after 15 years of not smoking, the chances that you'll get heart disease are the same as if you never smoked.


Question: What happens to your body 48 hours after you stop smoking?

Answer: By this point, your senses of taste and smell get sharper as your nerve endings start to heal. Your body's also busy with a lot of cleanup. Your lungs kick out mucus and other gunk left from cigarettes. And you don't have any more nicotine in your body. This is also about the time when the toughest withdrawal symptoms show up. You might feel anxious, dizzy, hungry, or tired. You might get headaches or feel bored or depressed.


Question: What happens to my body after 15 years of not smoking?

Answer: Finally, after 15 years of not smoking, the chances that you'll get heart disease are the same as if you never smoked.


Question: Where is a bone biopsy done and will I be awake during it?

Answer: A bone biopsy can be done at a hospital or your doctor's office. Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. During the biopsy, nurses will check your heartbeat and blood pressure.


Question: What will bone biopsy results tell me?

Answer: A biopsy can find out whether you have a tumor in your bone, and if that tumor is cancer. The doctor who ordered the test will explain what your results mean.


Question: Why do I need blood tests before a bone biopsy test?

Answer: Before the procedure, let her know if you: Take any medicines or supplements -- even over-the-counter medications Are allergic to pain medicine, latex, or tape Are pregnant Have bleeding problems or take blood thinners You might have blood tests to make sure you're healthy enough for the test. Your doctor will ask you to stop taking blood thinners a few days before the biopsy. Take your other medicines with a sip of water on the morning of the test. Don't eat or drink anything 8 hours beforehand.


Question: When should you call your doctor about signs of worsening AFib while pregnant?

Answer: If you have AFib and are pregnant, you should watch for signs of blood clots, including: Swelling, redness, and pain in an arm or leg A fast heartbeat Lightheadedness Trouble or pain with breathing Chest pain or tightness Pain that extends to your shoulder, arm, back, or jaw Sudden weakness or numbness of your face, arm, or leg Sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden changes in your vision You should also call your doctor if you have signs of a new or worsening arrhythmia. These include: Heart palpitations, rapid heartbeats, or fluttering or pounding in your chest Fatigue Dizziness or lightheadedness Fainting or near-fainting spells Shortness of breath Chest pain When you near the end of your pregnancy, your doctor might change your medications again so that you're not taking any blood thinners immediately before or during labor and delivery.


Question: What are the risks of taking medications for AFib while pregnant?

Answer: But bouts of atrial fibrillation can also be dangerous, potentially slowing the flow of blood going to your baby. You and your doctor will weigh the risks and benefits of different treatments for your individual case. You may switch medications or stop taking those for AFib completely during your pregnancy. In general, AFib medications that are avoided during pregnancy include: Blood-thinning medications including warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven), dabigatran ( Pradaxa), rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) and apixaban ( Eliquis) Antiarrhythmia drugs including amiodarone, which has been linked to babies being born with hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Verapamil and diltiazem may raise the odds of birth defects and heart problems.


Question: What are signs of blood clots if you have AFib and are pregnant?

Answer: If you have AFib and are pregnant, you should watch for signs of blood clots, including: Swelling, redness, and pain in an arm or leg A fast heartbeat Lightheadedness Trouble or pain with breathing Chest pain or tightness Pain that extends to your shoulder, arm, back, or jaw Sudden weakness or numbness of your face, arm, or leg Sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden changes in your vision You should also call your doctor if you have signs of a new or worsening arrhythmia.


Question: How does pregnancy affect your heart?

Answer: During pregnancy, your body makes more blood than usual, changes the flow of blood to direct more to your uterus (womb), and makes extra hormones that can change how organs, including your heart, and blood vessels work. In turn, your heart actually grows and your heart rate speeds up.


Question: Can you get pregnant if you have AFib?

Answer: The most common medications that people take that cause the fetus to be at risk are blood thinners, medications to slow the heart down, or medications that try to maintain a normal rhythm. You should talk to your doctor about what AFib prescriptions you might need to stop before you get pregnant.


Question: What AFib medications should be avoided during pregnancy?

Answer: Many medications carry risks during pregnancy, including a higher rate of birth defects, miscarriages, or premature labor.


Question: How does AFib affect you during and after giving birth?

Answer: These include: Heart palpitations, rapid heartbeats, or fluttering or pounding in your chest Fatigue Dizziness or lightheadedness Fainting or near-fainting spells Shortness of breath Chest pain When you near the end of your pregnancy, your doctor might change your medications again so that you're not taking any blood thinners immediately before or during labor and delivery. During labor, your doctor will track how your heart is doing, to make sure the stress of giving birth doesn't cause a heart rhythm problem, or arrhythmia. After you deliver your baby, you will be able to take blood-thinning medicines again. Your doctor may need to adjust your medication plan if you plan to breastfeed your little one.


Question: What reactions can cause myocarditis?

Answer: Other causes include certain chemicals or allergic reactions to medications or toxins like: Alcohol Drugs Lead Spider bites Wasp stings Snakebites Chemotherapy and radiation therapy An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation throughout your body, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may also lead to myocarditis.


Question: Can myocarditis be cured?

Answer: Your outlook depends on: What causes your myocarditis Your overall health If you have complications You may recover completely. Or you may have a chronic condition. Either way, follow-up care can help keep track of any ongoing problems. It's also important to know that myocarditis can recur, although it's not common.


Question: When should you call your doctor about myocarditis?

Answer: Call him right away if you have symptoms of myocarditis. If you have or had an infection, it's more likely that you have the condition. Seek immediate medical care if your symptoms are severe. If chest pain, trouble breathing, or swelling have gotten worse since you were told you have myocarditis, call 911 or go to the hospital.


Question: What are symptoms of myocarditis?

Answer: Myocarditis often has no symptoms. In fact, most people recover and never even know they had it. If you do have symptoms, they may include: Shortness of breath during exercise at first, then at night while lying down Abnormal heartbeat, which causes fainting in rare cases Light-headedness A sharp or stabbing chest pain or pressure, which may spread to your neck and shoulders Fatigue Signs of infection, such as Fever Muscle aches Sore throat Headache Diarrhea Painful joints Swollen joints, legs, or neck veins Small amounts of urine If you have symptoms like these, your doctor will check you for an abnormal or rapid heartbeat, fluid in your lungs, or leg swelling.


Question: How do you diagnose myocarditis?

Answer: If you do have symptoms, they may include: Shortness of breath during exercise at first, then at night while lying down Abnormal heartbeat, which causes fainting in rare cases Light-headedness A sharp or stabbing chest pain or pressure, which may spread to your neck and shoulders Fatigue Signs of infection, such as Fever Muscle aches Sore throat Headache Diarrhea Painful joints Swollen joints, legs, or neck veins Small amounts of urine If you have symptoms like these, your doctor will check you for an abnormal or rapid heartbeat, fluid in your lungs, or leg swelling. To make sure it's myocarditis and spot causes, your doctor may order tests such as: Blood tests to check for infection, antibodies, or blood cell counts A chest X-ray so he can see your heart, lungs, and other chest structures An electrocardiogram ( EKG) to record your heart's electrical activity A heart ultrasound (echocardiogram) to make an image of your heart and its structures In a few cases, doctors order cardiac MRI scans or heart muscle biopsies to help confirm it.


Question: What infections can cause myocarditis?

Answer: Some things that can cause myocarditis include: Coxsackie B viruses Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) Cytomegalovirus ( CMV) Hepatitis C Herpes HIV Parvovirus Chlamydia (a common sexually transmitted disease) Mycoplasma (bacteria that cause a lung infection) Streptococcal (strep) bacteria Staphylococcal (staph) bacteria Treponema (the cause of syphilis) Borrelia (the cause of Lyme disease) Fungal and parasitic infections can also cause it.


Question: What is vaginismus?

Answer: When a woman has vaginismus, her vagina's muscles squeeze or spasm when something is entering it, like a tampon or a penis. It can be mildly uncomfortable, or it can be painful. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are exercises a woman can do that can help, sometimes within weeks.


Question: What are treatments for ingrown nails?

Answer: Unless the ingrowing piece of nail is removed, the problem will often persist. Permanent removal of the nail root at the ingrown side may be advised if ingrown nails recur. These procedures are done in the doctor's office or surgery center under a local anesthetic. Sometimes an ingrown nail is caused by a fungus. A doctor can determine if you have a fungus and then offer treatment options.


Question: How can ingrown nails be avoided?

Answer: Most ingrown nail problems can be prevented with proper grooming of the toes and by wearing better-fitting shoes. Try to reduce pressure on the toe by wearing sandals or by not wearing a shoe for several days. Avoid trimming the corner of the toenail unless you can easily see and clip the corner of the nail. Otherwise, this can lead to a worsening of the ingrown toenail.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause high blood pressure problems?

Answer: NSAIDs -- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- include both prescription and over-the-counter varieties. They are often used to relieve pain or reduce inflammation from conditions such as arthritis. However, NSAIDs can make the body retain fluid and decrease kidney function. This may cause blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys.


Question: How do migraine headache drugs worsen high blood pressure?

Answer: Some migraine headache drugs work by tightening blood vessels in your head. This relieves migraine pain. However, the medication also constricts blood vessels throughout your body. This can make blood pressure rise, perhaps to dangerous levels. If you have high blood pressure or any other type of heart disease, talk with your doctor before taking medication for migraines or severe headaches.


Question: How is trouble walking related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Trouble walking: MS can cause muscle weakness or spasms, which make it tough to walk. Balance problems, numb feet, and fatigue can also happen.


Question: How is concentration related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory. Some people have severe problems that make it hard to do daily tasks, but that's rare. MS doesn't usually change your intellect or ability to read and understand conversation. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis have breathing problems or seizures?

Answer: Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: How are speech problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Speech problems: MS could cause long pauses between your words and slurred or nasal speech. You might have swallowing problems as the disease advances.


Question: Is sexual trouble a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sexual troubles: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.


Question: Are thinking problems a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory. Some people have severe problems that make it hard to do daily tasks, but that's rare. MS doesn't usually change your intellect or ability to read and understand conversation. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: How are tremors related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Tremors: About half of people with MS have them. They can be minor shakes or so intense it's hard to do everyday activities.


Question: How is sexual trouble related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sexual troubles: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.


Question: When do people get multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. Usually the symptoms get better, but then they come back. Some come and go, while others linger.


Question: What are early symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Clumsiness or lack of coordination: MS can make it hard to get around.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis have tremors?

Answer: Many people with multiple sclerosis ( MS) have some form of tremor they can't control, in different parts of their bodies, like their head, arms, or legs.


Question: I have multiple sclerosis (MS), what drugs can help with tremors?

Answer: These problems are one of the hardest MS symptoms to treat. There aren't any drugs made just to treat MS tremors. Your doctors will probably prescribe drugs for another condition, like: Acetazolamide ( Diamox), which treats a type of glaucoma and altitude sickness Buspirone ( Buspar) and clonazepam ( Klonopin), which are anti-anxiety drugs Hydroxyzine ( Atarax, Vistaril), an antihistamine Isoniazid ( INH), a drug for tuberculosis Primidone ( Mysoline), a seizure medicine Propranolol ( Inderal), which treats heart problems, high blood pressure, and migraines Braces: These can hold your joint still and stop extra movement.


Question: What causes multiple sclerosis-related tremors?

Answer: Tremors result from damage to a part of your brain called the cerebellum.


Question: What are psychological ways that multiple sclerosis tremors can affect someone?

Answer: Tremors can be tough to handle in social situations. You may feel like you want to be alone, but that can make you feel lonely and depressed.


Question: I have multiple sclerosis (MS), how can my tremors affect my life?

Answer: Tremors can be tough to handle in social situations. You may feel like you want to be alone, but that can make you feel lonely and depressed.


Question: Are tremors normal with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Many people with multiple sclerosis ( MS) have some form of tremor they can't control, in different parts of their bodies, like their head, arms, or legs.


Question: When are you more likely to get ear infections?

Answer: Ear infections tend to occur more in fall and winter because upper-respiratory infections such as cold and flu are on the rise then, too. Children who are 2 and younger get more ear infections because of the small size and shape of their Eustachian tubes.


Question: When should I call my doctor if my child has an ear infection?

Answer: Make that call if any of these things are happening with your child: Fever: Keep a watchful eye for high temperatures. Take action if: Your child is younger than 3 months and shows a fever of 100.4 F or more It's above 104 F for any child at any time A fever lasts more than a day in a toddler younger than 2 It lasts more than 3 days in kids 2 and older Strong pain: Your child is really hurting and pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are not helping. Discharge: Pus or blood is leaking from your child's ear.


Question: Should I go to the doctor for an ear infection as an adult?

Answer: You are not as likely to get an ear infection as a child. That's because a grown-up's Eustachian tubes are larger. And the shape of an adult's tube means it's less likely to get clogged. If you have pain or fluids coming out of your ear, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.


Question: Does washing my child's hands prevent ear infections?

Answer: Wash: Clean your child's hands and your own often with soap and water. This can reduce the spread of germs and prevent your child from catching the flu or a cold. Another tip, even though it can be very hard: Try to keep dirty objects away from your child's mouth.


Question: Is it common for children to get earaches?

Answer: Adults get them, too, but kids usually get them more often because they haven't built up their immune systems to fight off common viruses and bacteria yet.


Question: When should you go to a doctor about ear infections?

Answer: Take action if: Your child is younger than 3 months and shows a fever of 100.4 F or more It's above 104 F for any child at any time A fever lasts more than a day in a toddler younger than 2 It lasts more than 3 days in kids 2 and older Strong pain: Your child is really hurting and pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are not helping.


Question: How common are ear infections in adults?

Answer: You are not as likely to get an ear infection as a child. That's because a grown-up's Eustachian tubes are larger. And the shape of an adult's tube means it's less likely to get clogged. If you have pain or fluids coming out of your ear, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.


Question: What are some tips to help prevent ear infections?

Answer: These things can help reduce the number of infections your child may get: Breastfeeding: Babies who nurse for 12 months or more tend to have fewer infections. If breastfeeding isn't an option, bottle feed your child in an upright, sitting position. Fresh air: Don't expose your baby to cigarette smoke. Try to avoid other forms of air pollution, too, when you can. Immunizations: Keep up to date on your child's shots. Toss the pacifiers: If your baby is using a pacifier after 12 months old, the chance for ear infections increases. Do your best to wean your little one off them. Wash: Clean your child's hands and your own often with soap and water. This can reduce the spread of germs and prevent your child from catching the flu or a cold.


Question: Who usually gets ear infections?

Answer: Adults get them, too, but kids usually get them more often because they haven't built up their immune systems to fight off common viruses and bacteria yet.


Question: What is a pelvic exam?

Answer: The word "pelvic" refers to the pelvis. The exam is used to look at a woman's: Vulva (external genital organs) Uterus (the womb) Cervix (opening from the vagina to the uterus) Fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs to the womb) Ovaries (organs that produce eggs) Bladder (the sac that holds urine) Rectum (the chamber that connects the colon to the anus) Pelvic exams are performed: During a yearly physical exam When a woman is pregnant When a doctor is checking for an infection (such as chlamydia, vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and others) When a woman is having pain in her pelvic area or low back Because a Pap test is typically performed during a routine pelvic exam, you should schedule the exam when you are not having your period.


Question: How is a pelvic exam performed?

Answer: During a typical pelvic exam, your doctor or nurse will: Ask you to take off your clothes in private ( You will be given a gown or other covering.) Talk to you about any health concerns Ask you to lie on your back and relax Press down on areas of the lower stomach to feel the organs from the outside Help you get in position for the speculum exam ( You may be asked to slide down to the end of the table.) Ask you to bend your knees and to place your feet in holders called stirrups Perform the speculum exam. During the exam, a device called a speculum will be inserted into the vagina. The speculum is opened to widen the vagina so that the vagina and cervix can be seen. Perform a Pap smear. Your doctor will use a plastic spatula and small brush to take a sample of cells from the cervix ( A sample of fluid also may be taken from the vagina to test for infection.) Remove the speculum. Perform a bimanual exam. Your doctor will place two fingers inside the vagina and uses the other hand to gently press down on the area he or she is feeling. Your doctor is noting if the organs have changed in size or shape. Sometimes a rectal exam is performed. Your doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to detect any tumors or other abnormalities. Talk to you about the exam ( You may be asked to return to get test results.)


Question: Do I need to do anything to prepare for a pelvic exam?

Answer: The exam is used to look at a woman's: Vulva (external genital organs) Uterus (the womb) Cervix (opening from the vagina to the uterus) Fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs to the womb) Ovaries (organs that produce eggs) Bladder (the sac that holds urine) Rectum (the chamber that connects the colon to the anus) Pelvic exams are performed: During a yearly physical exam When a woman is pregnant When a doctor is checking for an infection (such as chlamydia, vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and others) When a woman is having pain in her pelvic area or low back Because a Pap test is typically performed during a routine pelvic exam, you should schedule the exam when you are not having your period. In addition, for 48 hours prior to the exam, you should not: Douche Use a tampon Have sex Use birth control foam, cream, or jelly Use medicine or cream in your vagina You can expect to feel a little discomfort, but you should not feel pain during a pelvic exam.


Question: When are pelvic exams done?

Answer: The exam is used to look at a woman's: Vulva (external genital organs) Uterus (the womb) Cervix (opening from the vagina to the uterus) Fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs to the womb) Ovaries (organs that produce eggs) Bladder (the sac that holds urine) Rectum (the chamber that connects the colon to the anus) Pelvic exams are performed: During a yearly physical exam When a woman is pregnant When a doctor is checking for an infection (such as chlamydia, vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and others) When a woman is having pain in her pelvic area or low back Because a Pap test is typically performed during a routine pelvic exam, you should schedule the exam when you are not having your period.


Question: What tests are taken during the pelvic exam?

Answer: A sample of cells may be taken as part of regular test called a Pap smear, or Pap test, to screen for cervical cancer or cells that look like they might lead to cancer. The sample is placed in a solution and sent to a lab where it is examined. Tests also may be taken to screen for sexually transmitted diseases.


Question: What can I expect during a pelvic exam?

Answer: In addition, for 48 hours prior to the exam, you should not: Douche Use a tampon Have sex Use birth control foam, cream, or jelly Use medicine or cream in your vagina You can expect to feel a little discomfort, but you should not feel pain during a pelvic exam. The exam itself takes about 10 minutes. If you have any questions during the exam, be sure to ask your doctor.


Question: Who can get palliative care?

Answer: Any adult or child can get it if they have a serious or ongoing condition, like: Cancer Heart failure Kidney or liver failure ALS ( Lou Gehrig's disease) HIV/ AIDS Multiple sclerosis Stroke Parkinson's disease Dementia Your team may include doctors, nurses, social workers, dietitians, volunteers, and even spiritual advisers.


Question: How do I get palliative care?

Answer: If you feel palliative medicine might help you, ask for it if it's not offered. You can receive care at home, in the hospital, nursing home, or an assisted living center.


Question: What can palliative medicines help with?

Answer: Its focus is not to treat or cure your disease, but to ease your symptoms and any side effects of treatment. These include: Pain Shortness of breath Fatigue Anxiety or depression Sleep problems Lack of appetite Constipation Your palliative care experts will ask what you may need and want.


Question: How do you know what palliative medications to use?

Answer: These include: Pain Shortness of breath Fatigue Anxiety or depression Sleep problems Lack of appetite Constipation Your palliative care experts will ask what you may need and want. Maybe you'd like to feel well enough to leave the hospital or to move to the next step in your treatment. Or, you may want to get stronger so you can see your daughter play baseball or attend your son's wedding. Your team can help you reach those goals. The team can answer questions about treatment options, help you make decisions, and let your regular doctors know your wishes. You'll have more control over your overall care this way.


Question: What are the most common ways that HIV spreads?

Answer: You can get HIV from direct contact with: Blood Semen Vaginal fluid Breast milk Most commonly, the virus is passed from person to person by: Sex Sharing needles Mother-to-baby infection during pregnancy People with a new HIV infection often say they feel like they have the flu.


Question: What are early symptoms of HIV infection?

Answer: You can get HIV from direct contact with: Blood Semen Vaginal fluid Breast milk Most commonly, the virus is passed from person to person by: Sex Sharing needles Mother-to-baby infection during pregnancy People with a new HIV infection often say they feel like they have the flu. Early symptoms include: Fever Headaches Fatigue Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and groin area If you have such symptoms and you might have been recently exposed to HIV, you should see a doctor to get tested for HIV.


Question: What are the treatments for HIV?

Answer: Warning signs that you may have AIDS include: Sudden weight loss Night sweats Fever that keeps coming back Feeling very tired for no reason Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week Sores in your mouth, in your anal area, or on your genitals Pneumonia Blotches on your skin or inside your mouth, nose, or eyelids Memory loss Depression More than 25 drugs are approved to treat HIV. You may hear them called âantiretroviral drugs.â Your doctor will prescribe a combination of these medications as antiretroviral therapy, or ART. The medicines you take will help keep the virus from making copies of itself. That will keep you healthy and also lower your risk of spreading HIV to others. The goal of ART is to lower your viral load. It won't cure your HIV, but with the right medicine, the amount of the virus in your blood may drop below a detectable level and stay that way for a long time.


Question: When should I call my doctor about testicular issues?

Answer: The earliest warning signs of testicular cancer usually include: A change in size or shape of a testicle Swelling or thickening of a testicle A firm, smooth, often painless, slow-growing lump or hardness in a testicle A feeling of heaviness in a testicle Other symptoms of testicular cancer may include: Testicular pain A sudden gathering of fluid in the scrotum An abdominal mass or abdominal pain Loss of weight or appetite Fatigue Lower back pain Tenderness in the nipples or breast enlargement Infertility Shortness of breath or cough Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the collarbone area Nausea, vomiting, and constipation You find any sort of unusual lump, nodule, pain, or swelling in either testicle. You should have a thorough physical exam as soon as possible. Remember, testicular cancer is highly curable, especially when caught early.


Question: How can testing help with managing blood sugar levels for kids with diabetes?

Answer: Remember, the numbers on the meter aren't "good" or "bad" -- they're just numbers. They give you information about how to keep your child healthy. Since you or your child might not notice symptoms, testing is the best way to avoid dangerously high and low levels.


Question: What causes ups and downs of blood sugar levels in kids and teens with diabetes?

Answer: Food Exercise Growth and hormones Illness Stress and other emotions Medication No one expects a growing child's blood sugar levels to be normal all the time. And when your child enters puberty, his hormones could cause problems with blood sugars changing wildly.


Question: What can you do to help kids manage their diabetes?

Answer: Encourage good habits. Praise your child when he tests, regardless of the result. Don't let him feel bad or blame him when his levels are out of range. Offer support to get him back on track.


Question: What causes blood sugar levels to change?

Answer: What causes ups and downs? Food Exercise Growth and hormones Illness Stress and other emotions Medication No one expects a growing child's blood sugar levels to be normal all the time.


Question: How can I best teach a child to manage their diabetes?

Answer: Encourage good habits. Praise your child when he tests, regardless of the result. Don't let him feel bad or blame him when his levels are out of range. Offer support to get him back on track.


Question: What are benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation?

Answer: You may also learn more about: How your medicines work How oxygen therapy works How to quit smoking Proper nutrition How to get the emotional support you need Studies have shown that a course of pulmonary rehab for 10 to 15 weeks can help people with PAH lead more active lives with their disease. People could walk farther in 6 minutes, had better stamina, a lower heart rate, and even lower blood pressure. Plus, the rehab improved their day-to-day life, making them less likely to feel depressed and run-down.


Question: What do you need to know about pulmonary rehabilitation?

Answer: Doctors used to tell people with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) to stay off their feet -- that exercise would make their symptoms worse. Today though, the thinking is quite different. Studies have shown that a light, supervised exercise routine is an important piece of PAH treatment. Pulmonary rehabilitation can help you work up to a more active lifestyle. It's a program that can help you manage your condition, build up your stamina, and handle breathlessness when it happens. It's not a substitute for medicine and other treatment, but it can help you breathe better and stay healthy.


Question: What are some tips and precautions when doing exercises to improve your posture?

Answer: Pull your abdominal muscles in and up toward your spine as you exercise. Work with slow, controlled movements, breathing evenly, without holding your breath. Tailor your number of repetitions and sets to your current level of core fitness. If you have mild back pain, core-strengthening exercises may improve posture, ease symptoms, and prevent future pain. If you have severe back pain or injury, are out of shape, or have any medical problems, talk to your doctor before you start any exercise program. Some exercises may not be recommended. Stop doing any activity that causes pain or makes pain worse.


Question: Can a pessary treat a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: Nonsurgical treatments for a prolapsed bladder include the following: Pessary: A pessary is a device that is placed within the vagina to hold the bladder in place. Pessaries must be removed and cleaned at regular intervals to prevent infection. Some pessaries are designed to allow the woman to do this herself. A doctor must remove and clean other types.


Question: Why do women get a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: In women, the front wall of the vagina supports the bladder. This wall can weaken or loosen with age. Significant bodily stress such as childbirth can also damage this part of the vaginal wall. If it deteriorates enough, the bladder can prolapse, meaning it is no longer supported and descends into the vagina. This may trigger problems such as urinary difficulties, discomfort, and stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by sneezing, coughing, and exertion, for example).


Question: Can estrogen replacement therapy treat a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: Estrogen replacement therapy: Many women with prolapsed bladders may benefit from this therapy. Estrogen helps strengthen and maintain muscles in the vagina.


Question: What exams are done to see if you have a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: An exam of the female genitalia and pelvis, known as a pelvic exam, is required in order to diagnose a prolapsed bladder. A bladder that has entered the vagina confirms the diagnosis. For less obvious cases, the doctor may use a voiding cystourethrogram to help with the diagnosis. A voiding cystourethrogram is a series of X-rays that are taken during urination. These help the doctor determine the shape of the bladder and the cause of urinary difficulty.


Question: Is electrical stimulation a treatment for prolapse bladder surgery?

Answer: Physical therapy such as electrical stimulation and biofeedback may be used for a prolapsed bladder to help strengthen the muscles in the pelvis. Electrical stimulation: A doctor can apply a probe to targeted muscles within the vagina or on the pelvic floor. The probe is attached to a device that measures and delivers small electrical currents that contract the muscles. These contractions help strengthen the muscles.


Question: What tests do I get after a diagnosis of a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: After diagnosis, the doctor may test the nerves, muscles, and the intensity of the urine stream to help decide what type of treatment is appropriate. A test called urodynamics or video urodynamics may be performed at the doctor's discretion. These tests are sometimes referred to as " EKGs of the bladder". Urodynamics measures pressure and volume relationships in the bladder and may be crucial in the decision making of the urologist.


Question: Are prolapsed bladders linked with menopause?

Answer: Prior to menopause, women's bodies create the hormone estrogen, which helps keep the muscles in and around the vagina strong. Women's bodies stop creating as much estrogen after menopause, and those muscles tend to weaken as a result. The following factors are commonly associated with causing a prolapsed bladder: Childbirth: This is the most common cause of a prolapsed bladder.


Question: How can you care for a prolapsed bladder at home?

Answer: For mild-to-moderate cases of prolapsed bladder, the doctor may recommend activity modification such as avoiding heavy lifting or straining. The doctor may also recommend Kegel exercises.


Question: How can you prevent a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: To prevent a prolapsed bladder, a high-fiber diet and a daily intake of plenty of fluids can reduce a person's risk of developing constipation. Straining during bowel movements should be avoided, if possible. Women with long-term constipation should seek medical attention in order to lessen the chance of developing a prolapsed bladder.


Question: What are the symptoms of a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: The first symptom that women with a prolapsed bladder usually notice is the presence of tissue in the vagina that many women describe as something that feels like a ball. Other symptoms of a prolapsed bladder include the following: Discomfort or pain in the pelvis Tissue protruding from the vagina ( The tissue may be tender and may bleed.) Difficulty urinating A feeling that the bladder is not empty immediately after urinating (incomplete voiding) Stress incontinence (urine leakage during sneezing, coughing, or exertion) More frequent bladder infections Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) Low back pain Some women may not experience or notice symptoms of a mild (grade 1) prolapsed bladder.


Question: Does a mild prolapsed bladder always have symptoms?

Answer: Difficulty urinating A feeling that the bladder is not empty immediately after urinating (incomplete voiding) Stress incontinence (urine leakage during sneezing, coughing, or exertion) More frequent bladder infections Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) Low back pain Some women may not experience or notice symptoms of a mild (grade 1) prolapsed bladder.


Question: What are common causes of a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: Straining: Lifting heavy objects, straining during bowel movements, having a long-term condition that involves coughing, or having long-term constipation may damage the muscles of the pelvic floor.


Question: How does the bladder work?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores urine. The pressure created when the bladder fills with urine is what causes the urge to urinate. During urination, the urine travels from the bladder and out the body through the urethra.


Question: When should you seek medical care for a prolapsed bladder?

Answer: Any woman who notices symptoms of a prolapsed bladder should see her doctor. A prolapsed bladder is commonly associated with prolapses of other organs within a woman's pelvis. Thus, timely medical care is recommended to evaluate for and to prevent problematic symptoms and complications caused by weakening tissue and muscle in the vagina. Prolapsed organs cannot heal themselves, and most worsen over time. Several treatments are available to correct a prolapsed bladder.


Question: How can preservative sensitivities affect asthma symptoms?

Answer: Sulfites, which are used to keep food fresh and stop the growth of mold, can trigger temporary asthma symptoms in a few people with asthma. Sulfites can give off sulfur dioxide that can irritate the lungs. Sulfites are no longer added to fresh fruits and vegetables in the U. S. But they are still used in many processed foods, and may also be in condiments, dried fruits, canned vegetables, wine, and other foods.


Question: How can food allergies affect asthma symptoms?

Answer: Food Allergies . Many people have food intolerances such as lactose intolerance, but these are not true allergies and rarely worsen asthma. Only about 2% of adults with asthma have true food allergies to milk, eggs, shellfish, peanuts, or other foods. When exposed to even small amounts of the foods to which they have become allergic, these people can have life-threatening anaphylactic attacks, including bronchospasm, which requires immediate asthma medication.


Question: What is the main treatment for childhood leukemia?

Answer: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for childhood leukemia. Your child will get anticancer drugs by mouth, or into a vein or the spinal fluid. To keep leukemia from returning, there may be maintenance therapy in cycles over a period of 2 or 3 years.


Question: Can gene therapy be used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: The FDA has approved a type of gene therapy for children and young adults up to age 25 whose B-cell ALL doesn't get better with other treatments. Scientists are working on a version of this treatment for people over 25 and for other kinds of cancer.


Question: What initial tests are used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope.


Question: What does treatment for childhood leukemia involve?

Answer: Before cancer treatment begins, sometimes a child needs treatment to address illness complications. For example, changes in blood cells can lead to infections or severe bleeding and may affect the amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues. Treatment may involve antibiotics, blood transfusions, or other measures to fight infection.


Question: How does a pathologist diagnose childhood leukemia?

Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope. This specialist also checks bone marrow samples for the number of blood-forming cells and fat cells.


Question: What are the types of childhood leukemia?

Answer: ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia ( AML). AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Hybrid or mixed lineage leukemia. This is a rare leukemia with features of both ALL and AML. Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML). CML is rare in children. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL). CLL is very rare in children. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia ( JMML). This is a rare type that is neither chronic nor acute and happens most often in children under age 4.


Question: How is a stem cell transplant used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: If standard treatment is likely to be less effective, a stem cell transplant may be the best option. It involves a transplant of blood-forming stem cells after whole body radiation combined with high-dose chemotherapy happens first to destroy the child's bone marrow.


Question: What should someone eat during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: A diet low in total and saturated fat helps lower your risk of heart disease, and also lowers the risk that your breast cancer will return. It's important to get enough protein. This helps build and repair skin, hair, and muscles during your treatment. It may improve your ability to exercise, too. Good nutrition can help you with the side effects of chemotherapy, and help fight off infections. It lets your body rebuild healthy tissues more quickly. Also, drink plenty of fluids to stay well hydrated, and to protect your bladder and kidneys while on chemotherapy.


Question: How does surgery cause weight changes during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: It's common for women who have chemotherapy to gain about 5 to 14 pounds over a year.


Question: How important is exercise during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: It's really good for your overall health -- but talk to your doctor before you begin any exercise program. Physical activity can often help reduce the side effects of nausea and fatigue. It can also lift your energy levels. One study found that exercise after chemotherapy might boost infection-fighting T cells, too. Even a moderate amount of exercise may help you live longer. Strength training can help rebuild body mass and increase your strength. You need to take care when working with weights on the upper body, though. That's because lymphedema -- arm swelling -- is a common concern after breast cancer treatment.


Question: What can cause weight loss during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: It's typically due to a poor appetite or nausea, which can be a side effect of chemotherapy.


Question: What are the risks associated with weight changes during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: Being overweight also puts you at risk for getting other types of cancers. Research has also shown that carrying around extra pounds can raise your risk of breast cancer recurring. Weight loss can cause you to lose energy, and poor nutrition can make it harder for you to recover. Stick to a well-balanced diet that includes fruit, vegetables, dairy products, breads, poultry, fish, and lean meat. A diet low in total and saturated fat helps lower your risk of heart disease, and also lowers the risk that your breast cancer will return.


Question: How does lack of exercise cause weight gain during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: Some research suggests that weight gain is also related to lack of exercise . When you get your cancer treatment, it's common to feel stress and have some fatigue, nausea, or pain. That can lead to a drop in how much physical activity you get.


Question: How do corticosteroids affect weight change during breast cancer treatment?

Answer: Another reason for weight gain is the use of corticosteroids. These medications help with nausea and swelling, or to stop reactions to chemotherapy. These drugs can boost your appetite. Corticosteroids are hormones that can also cause an increase in fatty tissue. They can make you lose muscle mass in your arms and legs, and gain belly fat, too. You may also have a fullness of the neck or face. Loss of muscle makes weight gain more apparent. Women treated with steroids may also put on pounds, but the weight gain is usually seen only after weeks of continuous use.


Question: What kinds of atypical antidepressants can treat depression in older adults?

Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.


Question: What conditions are linked with depression in older adults?

Answer: It's common for depression to come with other health issues that often crop up after 65, like: Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Heart disease Cancer Arthritis Sometimes it can be the medication for the above conditions that's to blame for depression symptoms. Depression can often make these other health conditions worse, and vice versa.


Question: What kinds of monamine oxidase inhibitors can treat depression in older adults?

Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.


Question: Can electroconvulsive therapy help treat depression in older adults?

Answer: It involves passing a brief small electrical current through electrodes placed on your scalp while you are under general anesthesia. This causes a brief seizure. That seizure causes a change to the chemistry in your brain. Researchers believe that change helps with your depression. Doctors usually try medication and therapy for a while before trying ECT.


Question: What kinds of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can treat depression in older adults?

Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.


Question: What are the symptoms of depression in older adults?

Answer: When you're older, you may not have the sad or empty feeling that's common with it. Instead, you may: Feel tired Have trouble sleeping Be grumpy or irritable Feel confused Struggle to pay attention Not enjoy activities you used to Move more slowly Have a change in weight or appetite Feel hopeless, worthless, or guilty Endure aches and pains Have suicidal thoughts Sometimes, depression can hit after the death of a spouse.


Question: What kinds of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can treat depression in older adults?

Answer: The type of medication your doctor prescribes will depend on many things, including your: Symptoms Health Other conditions you have and medications you're taking Meds you may get include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) like: Citalopram ( Celexa) Escitalopram ( Lexapro) Fluoxetine ( Prozac) Paroxetine ( Paxil) Sertraline ( Zoloft) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) like: Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq) Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Venlafaxine ( Effexor) Atypical antidepressa nts, such as: Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) Trazodone ( Oleptro ER) Mirtazapine ( Remeron) Monamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like: Isocarboxazid ( Marplan) Phenelzine ( Nardil) Selegiline ( Emsam, Zelapar, Eldepryl) Tranylcypromine ( Parnate) There's another class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, but they aren't used much in older adults because they have more side effects.


Question: What are the signs of early puberty?

Answer: It's the timing that's different. Signs include: In girls Breast development (which is often the first sign) Menstruation (typically not until two to three years after the earlier symptoms start) In boys Growth of the testicles, penis, and scrotum A deepening voice (usually late signs of puberty) Growth spurts are another sign of early puberty in both boys and girls.


Question: How early does puberty happen?

Answer: Many experts say that, on average, puberty is starting earlier in the U. S. than it did in the past. The average age of menstruation has stayed roughly the same. Yet studies suggest that early signs -- like breast development -- are happening a year earlier than they did decades ago.


Question: What causes central precocious puberty?

Answer: Underlying causes are equally common in boys and children under age 6, especially if puberty is advancing rapidly. They can include: Tumors and other growths, which are often benign Brain injury, either from surgery or a blow to the head, that affects hormonal balances Inflammation of the brain, sometimes from an infection That probably looks like a worrisome list. Just remember that only in a small number of cases in boys is central precocious puberty caused by a medical problem. In girls, it is extremely rare for a medical problem to be the cause.


Question: What are the different types of early puberty?

Answer: There are two types of precocious puberty, central and peripheral. Central precocious puberty is the more common type. The process is identical to normal puberty, but happens early. The pituitary gland is prompted to produce hormones, called gonadotropins. These hormones in turn stimulate the testicles or ovaries to make other hormones, testosterone or estrogen. It's these sex hormones that cause the changes of puberty, like breast development in girls. Peripheral precocious puberty or precocious pseudo-puberty is a different condition. It's also rarer. The hormones estrogen and testosterone trigger the symptoms. But the brain and pituitary gland are not involved. It's usually a local problem with the ovaries, testicles, adrenal gland, or a severely underactive thyroid gland.


Question: What factors are related to early puberty?

Answer: While they aren't necessarily causes, a number of factors seem to be related to early puberty. They include: Gender. Girls are 10 times as likely to have central precocious puberty as boys. Genetics. Occasionally, precocious puberty can be triggered by genetic mutations that trigger the release of sex hormones. Most often these children have a parent or sibling with similar genetic abnormalities. Race. Researchers don't know why, but on average, African- American girls seem to start puberty about a year earlier than white girls. Some experts say that puberty should only be considered early in African- American girls if it happens before age 6. International adoption. One study showed that children who are adopted from overseas are 10-20 times more likely to develop precocious puberty. Again, experts aren't sure why, but the uncertainty of the exact ages of the adopted children might bias the study results. Obesity. A number of studies have shown an association between obesity in young girls and an increased risk of precocious puberty. However, researchers don't know how direct the link is. Obesity does not seem to be connected to early puberty in boys.


Question: How does organ disease cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: Organ disease: As pets age, they're more likely to get sick. Liver and kidney diseases can cause drooling, too. Vets suggest annual checkups to diagnose and treat such diseases early.


Question: How does heatstroke cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: Heatstroke: Pets with flat faces, such as Persian cats, are more likely to have heatstroke. It isn’t as common in cats as it is in other animals, though. Still, if your cat's had too much sun or not enough water, that's dangerous for her. Always have fresh, clean water available. Make sure your cat has shady places to cool off, too. On very hot days, keep her indoors, limit her exercise, and never leave her in a parked car. Call your vet right way if you suspect heatstroke.


Question: How do poisonous plants cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: Poisonous plants: Common plants like tulips, azaleas, and chrysanthemums can make your cat drool, as well as make her sick, so don't let your feline friend eat them. For a list of poisonous plants, check with the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( ASPCA).


Question: How do upper respiratory infections cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: Upper respiratory infections: Drooling can signal an infection of the nose, throat, or sinuses. Cats that live in homes or shelters with other pets have a higher risk. Stress is another factor. Only your vet should treat an infection. But you can take steps to protect your cat from getting one: Keep her up to date on vaccines, indoors, and away from other pets, and wash your hands between handling different animals. Only you know your cat’s normal behavior. If it changes for more than a day, she seems stressed, or she isn't eating and playing as usual, let your vet know.


Question: How can you tell how effective birth control methods are?

Answer: Medical: A procedure that changes your body When doctors talk about how effective a birth control method is, sometimes there are different rates when it's used "ideally" -- meaning exactly the way it was designed -- versus how the average person uses it in real life. " Typical" use takes into account that people can't or don't always use birth control correctly or consistently. Keep in mind, out of every 100 women who don't use any form of birth control, you can expect about 85 to get pregnant within a year.


Question: How can cutting back on dietary salt/sodium help treat prehypertension?

Answer: A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.


Question: Who is at risk for prehypertension?

Answer: Nearly half of all adults older than age 18 have prehypertension or hypertension, as measured by average of two or more readings at two or more doctor's visits. According to the American Heart Association, 59 million people in the U. S. have prehypertension. People with prehypertension may have a greater risk for other cardiovascular disease ( CVD) risk factors. These risk factors -- such as high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes -- are seen more in people with prehypertension than in those with normal blood pressure.


Question: Is prehypertension a result of aging?

Answer: You may wonder if high blood pressure happens with aging, but experts say no. Some populations across the globe have minimal rise in blood pressure with aging. In some parts of Mexico, the South Pacific, and other parts of the world, people have very low salt intake. In these areas, the age-related rise in blood pressure is small compared with the U. S. Prehypertension is a warning sign.


Question: How can rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD) affect your life?

Answer: People who have the condition sometimes work hard to make everyone like and admire them. Or they might stop trying and stay out of any situation where they might get hurt. This social withdrawal can look like social phobia, which is a serious fear of being embarrassed in public. RSD can affect relationships with family, friends, or a romantic partner. The belief that you're being rejected can turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy. When you act differently toward the person you think has rejected you, they may begin to do so for real.


Question: How do you know if your rheumatoid arthritis (RA) doctor is right for you?

Answer: You'll want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in arthritis and other joint and muscle problems. He should respond to your needs and take the time to find the best treatment plan for you. He should be willing to make changes to your treatment if you don't feel better, and to refer you to other health pros, such as physical therapists and occupational therapists, if you need them.


Question: Should I ask my doctor if I'm on the right medicine for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If they used to work and don't seem to help anymore, it may be time for a change. Some "disease-modifying" drugs may not work as well after a while. Your doctor may recommend a different prescription or add another type of drug, such as a biologic, to your treatment.


Question: How can I determine if my rheumatoid arthritis doctor is a good fit for me?

Answer: You'll want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in arthritis and other joint and muscle problems. He should respond to your needs and take the time to find the best treatment plan for you. He should be willing to make changes to your treatment if you don't feel better, and to refer you to other health pros, such as physical therapists and occupational therapists, if you need them.


Question: Should I keep up my regular checkups for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Some RA drugs affect your immune system -- your body's defense against germs. This helps slow down the disease, but it can make infections more likely, as well as liver and kidney problems. Make sure you see your doctor for regular blood tests.


Question: How do you know if you're taking the right medicines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: If they used to work and don't seem to help anymore, it may be time for a change. Some "disease-modifying" drugs may not work as well after a while. Your doctor may recommend a different prescription or add another type of drug, such as a biologic, to your treatment.


Question: How often should you get checkups for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Some RA drugs affect your immune system -- your body's defense against germs. This helps slow down the disease, but it can make infections more likely, as well as liver and kidney problems. Make sure you see your doctor for regular blood tests. They help him figure out if you need to tweak your treatment.


Question: How should you take your rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medications?

Answer: It's important to keep a regular schedule for your meds. Take them at the same time each day. They work better if you keep a constant level of medicine in your body. Don't skip a dose because that can trigger a flare. Keep in mind that some medicines, like methotrexate, can take weeks or months to fully kick in. Try to be patient and give your meds a chance to work. If you get an upset stomach or other side effects, call your doctor. They can suggest things you can do to feel better.


Question: Can alternative remedies help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Studies show that meditation and biofeedback can ease pain for some people and help them handle it better. Massage may help with stress, cut stiffness, and make your joints hurt less. Research shows that acupuncture can be helpful for other conditions, but it's not been well-studied for RA. These may not work for everyone, and it's a good idea to talk to your doctor first, especially if you want to take any herbs or supplements, because some could affect your medications.


Question: Should I take my rheumatoid arthritis medications on time?

Answer: It's important to keep a regular schedule for your meds. Take them at the same time each day. They work better if you keep a constant level of medicine in your body. Don't skip a dose because that can trigger a flare. Keep in mind that some medicines, like methotrexate, can take weeks or months to fully kick in. Try to be patient and give your meds a chance to work. If you get an upset stomach or other side effects, call your doctor. They can suggest things you can do to feel better.


Question: What is a corneal ulcer?

Answer: These show up on the cornea, which is the surface of your eye. They may cause redness and pain, and you may feel like you have something stuck in your eye.


Question: What problems can result from genital ulcers?

Answer: Open sores on your genitals make you more likely to give or get sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs), including HIV.


Question: What causes genital ulcers?

Answer: They're usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes, syphilis, and chancroid (in which bacteria cause skin ulcers to form, usually on the genitals). They may also be caused by an injury or a reaction to a skin care product.


Question: What causes mouth ulcers?

Answer: They may also be caused by an injury or a reaction to a skin care product.


Question: What are problems that can result from leg and foot ulcers?

Answer: If untreated, leg and foot ulcers can lead to: Infection Having a foot or part of your leg removed (sometimes a problem with diabetic ulcers) Osteoporosis (when your bones become weak and easily break in a fall) Also called pressure ulcers or pressure sores, at first they just look like off-color skin.


Question: What causes leg and foot ulcers?

Answer: Most start with an injury that doesn't heal well because of some other health issue -- usually, a blood flow problem. If you have problems with your veins, you can get venous ulcers, the most common kind on your legs. You're more likely to get them if you have: A history of blood clots in your legs You've had swelling in your legs before Limited ability to move around Osteoarthritis (when cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down) Varicose veins If you have problems with your arteries, such as plaque buildup (atherosclerosis), you may get arterial ulcers.


Question: What problems can result from bedsores ulcers?

Answer: Bedsores can cause: Bone and joint infections Cancer in your skin's upper layers Cellulitis, a painful infection in your skin and soft tissue Flesh-eating bacteria (necrotizing fasciitis), a life-threatening infection Sepsis, a life-threatening problem where bacteria get into your blood and move throughout your body These are painful sores on the penis, vagina, or anus.


Question: What problems can result from stomach ulcers?

Answer: If not treated, peptic ulcers can cause: Bleeding inside your body Blockages that keep food from moving out of your stomach Infection Also called canker sores, these small, round sores may be red, yellow, or gray.


Question: What is a mouth ulcer?

Answer: If not treated, peptic ulcers can cause: Bleeding inside your body Blockages that keep food from moving out of your stomach Infection Also called canker sores, these small, round sores may be red, yellow, or gray. They show up inside your cheeks and lips, as well as on your tongue and gums. They're different from cold sores that you may get around the outside of your mouth.


Question: What is a genital ulcer?

Answer: Bedsores can cause: Bone and joint infections Cancer in your skin's upper layers Cellulitis, a painful infection in your skin and soft tissue Flesh-eating bacteria (necrotizing fasciitis), a life-threatening infection Sepsis, a life-threatening problem where bacteria get into your blood and move throughout your body These are painful sores on the penis, vagina, or anus.


Question: What does a bedsore ulcer look like?

Answer: If untreated, leg and foot ulcers can lead to: Infection Having a foot or part of your leg removed (sometimes a problem with diabetic ulcers) Osteoporosis (when your bones become weak and easily break in a fall) Also called pressure ulcers or pressure sores, at first they just look like off-color skin. Over time though, they can grow into deep, open wounds.


Question: What problems can result from corneal ulcers?

Answer: They can cause serious vision problems, including blindness. If you think you have one, it's best to get treatment right away.


Question: What causes corneal ulcers?

Answer: Typically, you get a corneal ulcer from an infection. You might also get it because of dry-eye syndrome, an injury to your cornea, or problems with your eyelids which can cause your corneas to dry out and form ulcers.


Question: Is it hard to tell when someone with heart failure has lost weight?

Answer: A failing heart makes the body to retain water and swell. That can increase your body weight and make you look like you have body fat when you don't. Your doctor can use other tests to figure out if you've lost muscle mass, including measuring how well you do physical activities like walking or how strong your grip is.


Question: What causes cardiac cachexia?

Answer: Doctors are not exactly sure what causes cardiac cachexia. It involves many different body systems. Some experts think it may happen when there's an imbalance in the way your body's nervous system tells your digestive tract how to break down food.


Question: What parts of the body does cardiac cachexia affect?

Answer: The condition also has serious effects on many parts of the body, including the digestive tract, lungs, and heart, and the body's ability to make blood cells.


Question: What are some ways cardiac cachexia affects the body and causes symptoms?

Answer: But scientists know a few things about how the condition affects the body and causes symptoms: Fluid buildup from congestive heart failure can sometimes make it harder to absorb nutrients from food. Malnutrition keeps the liver from making a protein called albumin, which helps the blood carry important chemicals throughout your body. The condition makes your body use more energy to do basic things, like breathing. So you burn more calories, but at the same time, you can't absorb them from food. Your body breaks down muscle proteins. That leads to symptoms like fatigue.


Question: What are symptoms of cardiac cachexia?

Answer: The main symptom of cardiac cachexia is weight loss. You may also feel: Very weak and tired Short of breath Unable to exercise or be active Nauseated Not very hungry Constipation Changes in how food tastes Some of these symptoms make you more likely to lose even more weight.


Question: How is cardiac cachexia diagnosed?

Answer: There's no specific test that can diagnose cardiac cachexia. In most cases, doctors will try to rule out other health problems that may be causing your weight loss. If you've lost more than 5% of your body weight in 6 months without trying, your doctor may test your blood to look for substances linked to cardiac cachexia, like the protein albumin.


Question: Who is most likely to develop high blood pressure?

Answer: People with family members who have high blood pressure Smokers African- Americans Pregnant women Women who take birth control pills People over the age of 35 People who are overweight or obese People who are not active People who drink alcohol excessively People who eat too many fatty foods or foods with too much salt People who have sleep apnea


Question: How does diet and lifestyle influence essential hypertension?

Answer: Essential hypertension is also greatly influenced by diet and lifestyle. The link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. People living on the northern islands of Japan eat more salt per capita than anyone else in the world and have the highest incidence of essential hypertension. By contrast, people who add no salt to their food show virtually no traces of essential hypertension.


Question: What causes high blood pressure?

Answer: The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found.


Question: What other factors can raise the risk of having essential hypertension?

Answer: Most people with high blood pressure are "salt sensitive," meaning that anything more than the minimal bodily need for salt is too much for them and increases their blood pressure. Other factors that can raise the risk of having essential hypertension include obesity; diabetes; stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; lack of physical activity; and chronic alcohol consumption.


Question: What is "normal" blood pressure?

Answer: The top number is called the systolic, and bottom number is called the diastolic. The ranges are: Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80) Elevated: 120-129/less than 80 Stage 1 high blood pressure: 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 high blood pressure: 140 and above/90 and above Hypertension crisis: higher than 180/higher than 120 -- See a doctor right away If your blood pressure is above the normal range, talk to your doctor about how to lower it.


Question: What is essential hypertension?

Answer: The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found. This type of high blood pressure is called "essential hypertension."