Question: What are some symptoms of lymphedema?

Answer: Swelling in the arms, hands, fingers, shoulders, chest, or legs. A "full" or heavy sensation in the arms or legs Skin tightness Less flexibility in your hand, wrist, or ankle Trouble fitting into clothing in one specific area A tight-fitting bracelet, watch, or ring that wasn't tight before Your doctor will look into your medical history (including past surgeries and treatments) and your current medications and symptoms.


Question: How is lymphedema diagnosed?

Answer: A "full" or heavy sensation in the arms or legs Skin tightness Less flexibility in your hand, wrist, or ankle Trouble fitting into clothing in one specific area A tight-fitting bracelet, watch, or ring that wasn't tight before Your doctor will look into your medical history (including past surgeries and treatments) and your current medications and symptoms. She'll also give you a complete physical exam. She might ask you to take other tests, too, like an MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound to check for fluid build-up.


Question: How can someone keep their skin clean to avoid lymphedema?

Answer: Other treatments can include bandaging, proper skin care and diet, compression garments, exercises, and manual lymphatic drainage, a gentle form of skin stretching and massage.


Question: What symptoms should the doctor know about to avoid lymphedema?

Answer: Let her know if you have redness, swelling, a skin rash, or blistering on the side of your body where you had surgery, or if you have a temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F. These warning signs of infection could be an early sign of lymphedema and should be treated immediately.


Question: How common is it for women to get lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?

Answer: A small amount of swelling, even in your arm, is normal for the first 4 to 6 weeks after breast cancer surgery.


Question: What foods should someone cut back on to reduce getting lymphedema?

Answer: Get Good Nutrition Cut back on foods high in salt and fat. Have at least two to four servings of fruits and three to five servings of vegetables each day. Eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients you need. Use the package label information to make healthy choices. Get fiber from whole-grain versions of breads, cereals, pasta, and rice. Fruit and veggies are good sources too. Drink plenty of water. Stay at your ideal body weight. A registered dietitian or your doctor can calculate it. Limit alcoholic drinks.


Question: Who is at risk for lymphedema?

Answer: People who've had any of these procedures may be at risk: Simple mastectomy in combination with axillary (arm pit) lymph node removal Lumpectomy in combination with axillary lymph node removal Modified radical mastectomy in combination with axillary lymph node removal Combined cancer surgery and radiation therapy to a lymph node region (such as the neck, armpit, groin, pelvis, or abdomen) Radiation therapy to a lymph node region You can get lymphedema within a few days of surgery, but it can also happen months or years afterward. If untreated, it can become worse.


Question: What is primary lymphedema?

Answer: Primary is rare. It happens when certain lymph vessels are missing or faulty at birth.


Question: What is secondary lymphedema?

Answer: The buildup of lymph, a fluid your body makes, happens when lymph vessels or nodes that the fluid travels through are missing, damaged, or removed. It can develop not only after breast cancer surgery, but can also come from an infection, scar tissue formation, trauma, deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot in a vein), radiation, or other cancer treatments.


Question: How much ashwagandha should you take?

Answer: Others mix 3 grams of ashwagandha powder in warm milk. There are also standardized extracts available. Ask your doctor for advice about forms of ashwagandha and doses. In some parts of the world, people eat ashwagandha shoots, seeds, and fruit.


Question: What are risks of taking ashwagandha?

Answer: Talk to a doctor before using ashwagandha if you have any health conditions, including cancer, diabetes, thyroid problems, bleeding disorders, ulcers, lupus, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Ashwagandha might interfere with thyroid tests. Stop taking ashwagandha two weeks before surgery.


Question: What are interactions of ashwagandha?

Answer: If you take any drugs or supplements regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using ashwagandha supplements. They could interact with sedatives, blood thinners, thyroid supplements, drugs that suppress the immune system, and drugs for anxiety, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Ashwagandha might also interact with supplements that cause sleepiness, like St. John's wort, kava, valerian, and others.


Question: Why do people take ashwagandha?

Answer: However, the practical benefits and risks for people aren't clear yet. One study found that a compound containing ashwagandha helped relive osteoarthritis symptoms. It's not clear which of the ingredients had the benefit since ashwaganda is traditionally used in combination with other herbs. Ashwagandha might help lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes and lower high cholesterol. Since ashwagandha has sedative effects, it could help ease anxiety and stress -- in fact, human studies have indicated as much.


Question: What is ashwagandha?

Answer: It is high in iron and has been shown to help increase hemoglobin levels. In some parts of the world, people eat ashwagandha shoots, seeds, and fruit.


Question: What is Rett syndrome?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Rett syndrome is a rare, severe neurological disorder that affects mostly girls. It's usually discovered in the first two years of life, and a child's diagnosis with Rett syndrome can feel overwhelming. Although there's no cure, early identification and treatment may help girls and families who are affected by Rett syndrome. In the past, it was felt to be part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder. We now know that it is mostly genetically based.


Question: How effective are treatments for Rett syndrome?

Answer: The best options available to treat Rett syndrome include: Standard medical care and medication Physical therapy Speech therapy Occupational therapy Good nutrition Behavioral therapy Supportive services Experts believe that therapy can help girls with Rett syndrome and their parents. Some girls may be able to go to school and learn better social interaction. Medicines can treat some of the problems with movement in Rett syndrome. Medication can also help control seizures. Many girls with Rett syndrome can live at least into middle age. Researchers are studying women with the disease, which was only widely recognized in the last 20 years.


Question: What causes Rett syndrome?

Answer: Most children with Rett syndrome have a mutation on the X chromosome. Exactly what this gene does, or how its mutation leads to Rett syndrome, isn't clear. Researchers believe that the single gene may influence many other genes involved in development. Although Rett syndrome is genetic, children almost never inherit the faulty gene from their parents. Rather, it's a chance mutation that happens in DNA. When boys develop the Rett syndrome mutation, they rarely live past birth. Males have only one X chromosome (instead of the two girls have), so the effects of the disease are much more serious, and almost always fatal.


Question: How does Rett syndrome develop?

Answer: The age when symptoms appear varies, but most babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow normally for the first 6 months before any signs of the disorder are obvious. The most common changes usually show up when babies are between 12 and 18 months, and they can be sudden or progress slowly.


Question: How does surgery work to treat hypospadias?

Answer: There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone. But many cases of hypospadias call for surgery to move the urethra and opening. This procedure often includes straightening the penis. The goal of surgical correction is to create a penis with normal function and appearance with a urethral opening as close as possible to the ventral tip of the penis.


Question: What are the types of hypospadias?

Answer: There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone.


Question: What complication's can hypospadias cause?

Answer: But boys with hypospadias are born with the location of the opening ranging anywhere within the head or shaft of penis, the scrotum, or perineum Hypospadias is pretty common and can sometimes be left as is. Depending on where the opening is on your son's penis, he cmight have problems having children because his sperm might not be able to effectively fertilize an egg. Keeping it clean may be hard, too. If his hypospadias isn't corrected early, a boy may have to sit down when he pees. There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone.


Question: What is the procedure for surgery to treat hypospadias?

Answer: But doctors can do surgery to fix the problem when needed. There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone. Children who get this surgery are usually between 3 months and 18 months old. The child is anesthetized -- not awake -- during the surgery.


Question: What causes hypospadias?

Answer: They think some of the reasons could be: Genetics. It's more likely if the boy has a father or brother who were born with it. Fertility treatments. The mother may have used hormone therapy or medicine to help her get pregnant.. There's more chance a baby will be born with hypospadia if his mom is overweight and over age 35, has diabetes prior to her pregnancy Expsoure to smoking or pesticides Premature You can reduce your baby's chances of hypospadias while you're pregnant. There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone.


Question: How does progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) work?

Answer: Here is how it works; While inhaling, contract one muscle group (for example your upper thighs) for 5 seconds to 10 seconds, then exhale and suddenly release the tension in that muscle group. Give yourself 10 seconds to 20 seconds to relax, and then move on to the next muscle group (for example your buttocks). While releasing the tension, try to focus on the changes you feel when the muscle group is relaxed. Imagery may be helpful in conjunction with the release of tension, such as imagining that stressful feelings are flowing out of your body as you relax each muscle group. Gradually work your way up the body contracting and relaxing muscle groups.


Question: Who first came up with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)?

Answer: The technique of progressive muscle relaxation was described by Edmund Jacobson in the 1930s and is based upon his premise that mental calmness is a natural result of physical relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation can be learned by nearly anyone and requires only 10 minutes to 20 minutes per day to practice.


Question: What is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for stress and insomnia?

Answer: Progressive muscle relaxation is based upon the simple practice of tensing, or tightening, one muscle group at a time followed by a relaxation phase with release of the tension. Doctors have used progressive muscle relaxation in combination with standard treatments for symptom relief in a number of conditions, including headaches, cancer pain, high blood pressure, and digestive disturbances.


Question: What do practitioners recommend when doing progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)?

Answer: Progressive muscle relaxation is based upon the simple practice of tensing, or tightening, one muscle group at a time followed by a relaxation phase with release of the tension. You can practice this technique seated or lying down, and you should try to practice with comfortable clothing on, and in a quiet place free of all distractions.


Question: What are the side effects of the Td vaccine?

Answer: Mild side effects of Tdap may include: Pain, redness, or swelling in the arm where the shot was given Mild fever Headache Tiredness Stomach upset, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Muscle aches and pains Swollen glands Mild side effects of Td may include: Pain, redness, or swelling in the arm where the shot was given Mild fever Headache In some people, these side effects may be more intense. They may temporarily interfere with daily activities. Severe swelling of the arm has been reported in three out of 100 people receiving either Tdap or Td. About one in 250 adults who receive the Tdap vaccine develop a fever of 102 F or higher.


Question: What is tetanus?

Answer: Tetanus enters the body through a wound or cut. It affects the brain and nervous system and causes extremely painful muscle spasms. Spasms of the jaw can make it impossible for you to open your mouth. This condition is often called "lockjaw." Tetanus kills one out of five people infected with the disease.


Question: What is pertussis?

Answer: Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an extremely contagious respiratory infection that can lead to severe breathing problems, especially in infants. Pertussis first appears like an ordinary cold, but then causes intense, uncontrollable coughing spells. A "whoop" noise is heard when the person tries to take a breath after coughing.


Question: What is Tdap and Td vaccine?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Tdap is a combination vaccine that protects against three potentially life-threatening bacterial diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Td is a booster vaccine for tetanus and diphtheria. It does not protect against pertussis.


Question: Who needs a Tdap vaccine?

Answer: Tdap is given only once during your lifetime. However, you may need routine booster shots of the Td vaccine every 10 years to adequately protect you against tetanus and diphtheria.


Question: What has been found in clinical trials of the Tdap vaccine?

Answer: During clinical trials of Tdap, two adults developed temporary nervous system problems. It's unknown whether this was due to the vaccine or not. In rare cases, vaccination with Tdap or Td has led to extreme swelling of the arm where the shot was given.


Question: What are the mild side effects of Tdap vaccine?

Answer: Mild side effects of Tdap may include: Pain, redness, or swelling in the arm where the shot was given Mild fever Headache Tiredness Stomach upset, including nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Muscle aches and pains Swollen glands Mild side effects of Td may include: Pain, redness, or swelling in the arm where the shot was given Mild fever Headache In some people, these side effects may be more intense.


Question: What is diphtheria?

Answer: Diphtheria is a very contagious infection that makes it difficult to breathe. In severe cases, it can cause heart and nerve damage.


Question: When should I get the Tdap vaccine?

Answer: New mothers who have never received the Tdap People who travel to countries where pertussis is common You may be given the Tdap vaccine if you have a severe cut or burn and have never received a dose before. Severe cuts or burns raise your risk for tetanus. The Tdap vaccine can be given any time of the year. Only one shot is needed. It may be given with other vaccinations. Tdap can be given regardless of the interval since the last Td vaccine was given. The Tdap vaccine can be used safely for those ages 65 and over, according to 2013 CDC recommendations.


Question: Who should not get the vaccine?

Answer: You should not receive the vaccine if you have had: A serious allergic reaction to any of the vaccine ingredients in the past A coma or seizures within a week of receiving childhood vaccinations for pertussis (such as DTa P), unless the vaccine was not the cause; Td can be used in these cases.


Question: When should adults be vaccinated with Tdap?

Answer: New mothers who have never received the Tdap People who travel to countries where pertussis is common You may be given the Tdap vaccine if you have a severe cut or burn and have never received a dose before.


Question: What are the side effects and risks of Tdap and Td vaccine?

Answer: Like all medicines, vaccines can have side effects. However, the chance of a life-threatening reaction is small. The CDC says the dangers of developing pertussis, tetanus, or diphtheria far outweigh the risks of vaccination.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about getting Tdap vaccine?

Answer: If you have had any of the following, talk to your doctor about whether the Tdap or Td vaccine is right for you: Epilepsy or another nervous system problem Guillain- BarrÃ© syndrome ( GBS) A history of severe swelling or pain after receiving a pertussis, tetanus, or diphtheria vaccination in the past If you are moderately to severely ill (your doctor may recommend waiting to get the shot until after you recover); the CDC says you can still get the vaccine if you have a mild illness such as a cold or low-grade fever.


Question: What should I know about Tdap vaccination?

Answer: Td is a booster vaccine for tetanus and diphtheria. Tdap stands for tetanus and diphtheria toxoids with acellular pertussis. It is marketed under the brand names Adacel and Boostrix. Tdap is an inactive vaccine, which means it is made using dead bacteria. The dead germs cannot make you sick. Tdap is not the same as DTa P, the vaccine used for children to prevent the same diseases.


Question: Can adults have allergic reactions to Tdap or Td vaccines?

Answer: You should not receive the vaccine if you have had: A serious allergic reaction to any of the vaccine ingredients in the past A coma or seizures within a week of receiving childhood vaccinations for pertussis (such as DTa P), unless the vaccine was not the cause; Td can be used in these cases. This generally happens in less than one in a million doses. Most of the time, such reactions occur within a few minutes of receiving the vaccine. The following can be signs of a severe allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis: Behavior changes Breathing difficulty, including wheezing Dizziness Hoarse voice High fever Hives Pale skin Rapid heart beat Weakness Seek immediate medical care if you notice any of these signs after receiving the Tdap or Td vaccines.


Question: How common is pertussis?

Answer: Waning immunity and inadequate vaccination -- many parents choose not to vaccinate their children -- have led to a resurgence of the disease in the U. S. in recent years. Outbreaks of pertussis among adolescents and adults have been reported in several states. Only one shot is needed.


Question: What is a slit-lamp test to help diagnose eye stroke?

Answer: You sit in front of a special microscope. It shines a narrow line of light in your eye so your doctor can look for anything unusual.


Question: What happens when you get fluorescein angiography to help find out if you had an eye stroke?

Answer: Your doctor injects a harmless dye in your arm. It moves through your bloodstream to your retina. A special camera takes pictures of your eye to show which blood vessels are blocked.


Question: What is a visual field test if you might have had an eye stroke?

Answer: You look into a machine and click a button each time you see a light. It checks if you lost any peripheral vision, which is what you see out the sides of your eyes.


Question: How is eye stroke treated?

Answer: Minutes count in order to save your vision after an eye stroke. You may avoid lasting injury if doctors can clear the central artery blockage and restore blood flows within 90-100 minutes. But after 4 hours, the blockage could damage your vision for good.


Question: What type of eye stroke is central retinal occlusion?

Answer: You may notice: Loss of all or part of your sight Not able to see out of side of your eyes Blurry or distorted vision Blind spots The most common type of eye stroke is called central retinal artery occlusion. It can leave you with little useful vision. You might be able to see a hand move, but not much more. Rarely, your vision might return on its own. If you have the less serious blockage in the smaller arteries, your vision may go back to normal about 80% of the time.


Question: How can optical coherence tomography help in the diagnosis of eye stroke?

Answer: You get drops to dilate your pupils. Then a machine scans your eyes to make a detailed image of the retina. If your doctor thinks a clot from another part of the body caused the blockage, she may suggest other tests to look for problems in your arteries and heart. She also may order blood tests to check for clotting disorders and your cholesterol levels.


Question: How can paracentesis help treat eye stroke?

Answer: A specialist uses a small needle to remove a few drops of fluid from the front of your eye. This reduces pressure, which may increase blood flow in the retina.


Question: What are symptoms of eye stroke?

Answer: Other things that make a retinal artery occlusion more likely include: Being 40 or older Being a man Smoking Trauma to the eye Damage from radiation treatments Kidney disease Clotting disorders such as sickle cell disease Birth control pills Carotid artery disease Abnormal heart rhythms like atrial fibrillation Vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessel wall Pregnancy The main sign of eye stroke is a sudden change in sight. It almost always happens in only one eye. You usually won't feel any pain. You may notice: Loss of all or part of your sight Not able to see out of side of your eyes Blurry or distorted vision Blind spots The most common type of eye stroke is called central retinal artery occlusion.


Question: How can medications help with treating eye stroke?

Answer: You may get drugs to bust clots or to lower the pressure in your eyes. These include drugs used for glaucoma, like acetazolamide ( Diamox).


Question: How can eye massage help with treating eye stroke?

Answer: Your doctor may try one or more of the following treatments: Eye massage. Your doctor will massage your closed eyelid with a finger to dislodge the clot.


Question: Can you prevent eye stroke?

Answer: You usually get an eye stroke because of another medical issue, such as high blood pressure or diabetes. So keep your cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in check. If you have diabetes, get your eyes checked every year.


Question: What makes eye stroke more likely?

Answer: If you have a condition that affects the blood vessels -- including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or heart disease -- it can raise your chances of an eye stroke.


Question: What is carbon-dioxide-oxygen to help treat eye stroke?

Answer: You breathe in a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen to increase blood flow to the retina. It also widens the arteries.


Question: How is eye stroke diagnosed?

Answer: She may ask you to read an eye chart. She'll also put drops in your eyes to open up your pupils and use an ophthalmoscope to check your retina for any blockages or bleeding. Your doctor will massage your closed eyelid with a finger to dislodge the clot.


Question: Can you have a stroke in your eye?

Answer: It can cause blurry vision and even blindness. Arteries carry blood to the retina from the heart. Without blood flow, the cells in the retina don't get enough oxygen. They can start to die within minutes or hours. An eye stroke is an emergency. If you don't get treated right away, you can damage your vision permanently. This reduces pressure, which may increase blood flow in the retina.


Question: What can you do to prevent migraine headaches from alcohol?

Answer: You can also try to: Have alcohol with a meal. This may lower the chance of bringing on a migraine. Don't drink when you're stressed. It's linked to a higher number of migraine headaches. Skip home hangover remedies. There's no proof that drinking raw eggs or downing hot sauce will get rid of your morning-after migraine faster. Downing more alcohol (the âhair of the dogâ theory) won't help either. Try triptans. Ask your doctor if this medicine might help. It can't prevent a migraine, but it can help stop one after it starts. Triptans work best when you take them at the early signs of a migraine. Still, they can cause serious health risks for many people.


Question: What can trigger migraine headaches?

Answer: Many things can trigger a migraine, from stress at work to changes in the weather and foods like aged cheese. And for about one-third of people who have these headaches, alcohol is also a trigger.


Question: Can home hangover remedies help migraine headaches?

Answer: There's no proof that drinking raw eggs or downing hot sauce will get rid of your morning-after migraine faster. Downing more alcohol (the âhair of the dogâ theory) won't help either.


Question: How can triptans help treat migraine headaches?

Answer: Ask your doctor if this medicine might help. It can't prevent a migraine, but it can help stop one after it starts. Triptans work best when you take them at the early signs of a migraine. Still, they can cause serious health risks for many people.


Question: What are symptoms of migraine triggered by alcohol?

Answer: Alcohol can cause two different types of migraine headaches. You could get a headache within 30 minutes to 3 hours of drinking. You don't have to chug a large amount for this to happen. Some people only sip a glass or two of wine before their head starts to throb. Or you might be fine until after your blood alcohol level returns to normal. This is called a delayed alcohol-induced headache ( DAIH). It may not show up until the morning after you drink. This type of headache can happen to anyone, but people with migraines are more likely to get one. It can happen even if you drink less than people who don't get migraine headaches.


Question: What are the symptoms of a migraine headache caused by alcohol?

Answer: But if you're prone to migraine headaches, drinking even a small amount of alcohol can bring on an attack. You could get a headache within 30 minutes to 3 hours of drinking. You don't have to chug a large amount for this to happen. Some people only sip a glass or two of wine before their head starts to throb. Or you might be fine until after your blood alcohol level returns to normal. This is called a delayed alcohol-induced headache ( DAIH). It may not show up until the morning after you drink. This type of headache can happen to anyone, but people with migraines are more likely to get one. It can happen even if you drink less than people who don't get migraine headaches.


Question: Does alcohol trigger migraine headaches?

Answer: Drinking a small amount of alcohol may be good for you. This may lower the chance of bringing on a migraine.


Question: How can you tell if alcohol triggers your migraine headaches?

Answer: Alcohol can cause two different types of migraine headaches. Each time you drink, write down the type of alcohol you have, the amount, and if and when you had a migraine. Include how you felt the prior 48 hours as well as any stress or anxiety you were under at the time. Over time, you should be able to see a pattern. A migraine each time you have a night out should be good reason to abstain. You can also try to: Have alcohol with a meal.


Question: What chemical in alcohol can trigger migraine?

Answer: And for about one-third of people who have these headaches, alcohol is also a trigger. Once it gets into your system, it is converted into a chemical that triggers migraine. Ethanol is also a natural diuretic. That means it makes you pee more than normal. All of these things can set you up for a migraine. You might have heard that red wine is most likely to cause problems. But other drinks like sparkling wine, beer, and hard liquor may be just as likely, if not more, to cause problems.


Question: How can alcohol trigger a migraine?

Answer: But if you're prone to migraine headaches, drinking even a small amount of alcohol can bring on an attack. And for about one-third of people who have these headaches, alcohol is also a trigger. Many things are probably at play. For instance, alcohol byproducts called congeners have been linked to headaches. Dark-colored alcohols like red wine, brandy, and whiskey may contain more of them. Once it gets into your system, it is converted into a chemical that triggers migraine.


Question: What are the cons of gastric banding surgery?

Answer: The Cons: Your weight loss may be less dramatic than with gastric bypass. The average loss is 40% to 50% of your excess weight -- although not in everybody. You may regain some of the weight over the years. This type of surgery has a higher rate of re-operation.


Question: How much weight will I lose after gastric banding or bypass surgery?

Answer: Blood clots in the legs, called deep vein thrombosis, or DVT Pneumonia After gastric bypass surgery, most people can expect to lose between 66% and 80% of their extra body weight. Most of this is lost within the first two years. After gastric banding, people lose 40% to 50% of their extra weight, typically within the first two years after the surgery.


Question: What are complications that may develop from weight loss surgery?

Answer: Complications that may develop following weight loss surgery include: Hernia Gallstones Ulcerations Gastric prolapse Severe scarring of the new stomach pouch Excess skin that may need to be removed in an additional surgery Dehydration Hair loss Kidney stones Hypoglycemia Rare but serious complications include: Bleeding in the stool, or black stools Leaks in new connections made by weight loss surgery; these usually occur within five days of surgery.


Question: What are rare but serious complications that may develop from weight loss surgery?

Answer: Complications that may develop following weight loss surgery include: Hernia Gallstones Ulcerations Gastric prolapse Severe scarring of the new stomach pouch Excess skin that may need to be removed in an additional surgery Dehydration Hair loss Kidney stones Hypoglycemia Rare but serious complications include: Bleeding in the stool, or black stools Leaks in new connections made by weight loss surgery; these usually occur within five days of surgery. Blood clots in the lungs, called pulmonary emboli, rarely occur, but if they do, they are the most common cause of death after weight loss surgery. Blood clots can be usually prevented with blood thinning medicines and frequent activity. Blood clots in the legs, called deep vein thrombosis, or DVT Pneumonia After gastric bypass surgery, most people can expect to lose between 66% and 80% of their extra body weight.


Question: When should I decide to get weight loss surgery?

Answer: Don't rush into weight loss surgery. Talk to family and friends. Talk to surgeons and to people at the hospital centers. Prepare yourself mentally and physically. Make sure you are committed to changing your lifestyle and to keeping the weight off forever.


Question: What are the pros of gastric bypass surgery?

Answer: Gastric Bypass Surgery The Pros: Weight loss is quick and dramatic. People lose an average of 60% to 80% of their excess body weight. Because weight loss is quick, weight-related health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis, sleep apnea, and heartburn improve quickly. Most people are able to keep at least 50% of the excess weight off long term. Loss of stomach tissue results in a drop in the so-called "hunger hormone" (ghrelin), which helps control appetite.


Question: Who should consider having weight loss surgery?

Answer: Weight loss surgery is not for everyone. Doctors generally recommend it only for people who: Have a body mass index ( BMI) of 40 or more -- about 100 pounds overweight for men and 80 for women Have a lower BMI (35 to 40), but also have serious health problems related to obesity such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, or severe sleep apnea Have tried and failed to lose weight by nonsurgical means such as diet and exercise Fully understand the risks associated with weight loss surgery and are motivated There are two basic types of weight loss surgery -- restrictive surgeries and malabsorptive surgeries.


Question: Can you regain weight after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Some eat high-calorie or high-fat foods instead of healthy foods -- and eat them too often. Some people rely on "soft meals" such as ice cream and milk shakes. The body itself may change over time, too, leading to weight gain. The digestive tract might begin absorbing more calories. Even the size of your surgical stomach can expand gradually over time.


Question: What is the cost of weight loss surgery and will insurance cover it?

Answer: A typical weight loss surgery can run from $15,000 to $25,000 -- so insurance coverage is critical for most people. Every insurance company is different, but before agreeing to cover the surgery, most insurance companies want documentation of the patient's struggle with obesity. They want a primary care doctor's records indicating that the patient has tried to lose weight through diet, exercise, and psychological counseling. Also, medical causes of obesity must be ruled out. It pays to ensure that your doctor documents your efforts early on, so surgery is an option later.


Question: What are questions to consider when choosing a bariatric surgeon?

Answer: Here are some questions to consider when choosing a bariatric surgeon: Is the specialist board certified by the American Board of Surgery? Is the specialist a member of the American Society of Bariatric Surgeons? How many weight loss surgeries has the surgeon performed? (100 or more is ideal.) How many of the surgeon's patients have died from weight loss surgery? ( Less than 1% is the average.) How often do patients have complications? What side effects are most common? What is the surgeon's success rate?


Question: Will I feel like myself after I lose weight?

Answer: You may feel odd, not quite like yourself. You may feel overwhelmed by the lifestyle changes you must make for the rest of your life. You may have reached for food as comfort -- and have difficulty giving it up. A therapist can help you get through this complicated period. A support group can also help. Ask your doctor about support groups for people who have had weight loss surgery. It helps to meet people who are making the same adjustments you're making -- and can help keep you on track with your weight loss program.


Question: Are there educational seminars for people considering weight loss surgery?

Answer: Check into centers and hospitals offering educational seminars for people considering weight loss surgery. You can learn more about the actual procedure, the benefits and the risks. You may also get names of specialists who perform these surgeries. Go to these seminars and ask questions.


Question: What are the cons of gastric bypass surgery?

Answer: The Cons: Your weight loss may be less dramatic than with gastric bypass. The surgery may result in vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The surgery may result in dumping syndrome, which occurs when food moves too quickly through the stomach and intestines. Dumping syndrome can cause shaking, sweating, dizziness, nausea, and severe diarrhea. Gastric bypass is generally considered irreversible. The surgery permanently changes how your body digests food.


Question: How can you make nutrition a priority after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Should this occur, additional surgery may be necessary. You must make the foods you eat count. You must also take the right supplements, as recommended by your health care provider, because serious malnutrition occurs easily following weight loss surgery. A dietitian can create a diet and nutrition plan designed to meet your needs.


Question: What are malabsorptive surgeries for weight loss?

Answer: Restrictive surgeries (like adjustable gastric banding) work by physically restricting the stomach's size, limiting the amount of solid food you can eat. The surgeon removes parts of your intestine, creating a shortcut for the food to be digested. This means that fewer calories get absorbed into the body. The combined malabsorptive/restrictive surgery also creates a smaller stomach pouch, which restricts the amount of food you can eat.


Question: How should you eat after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Most people are able to keep at least 50% of the excess weight off long term. Eat small amounts of food slowly, chew well, and eat lots of protein.


Question: How will my physical appearance change after weight loss surgery?

Answer: However, many people who lose a lot of weight often find their skin looks loose and baggy. You may want plastic surgery to remove this excess skin. People will notice, and ask you about your appearance.


Question: What are restrictive surgeries for weight loss?

Answer: After weight loss surgery, a stomach may only hold one ounce of food, although over time it may be able to hold two or three ounces of food. The combined malabsorptive/restrictive surgery also creates a smaller stomach pouch, which restricts the amount of food you can eat.


Question: Will my social life and relationships change after weight loss surgery?

Answer: For many people, food and drink are the basis for socializing. After weight loss surgery, you must find other ways to socialize -- ways that aren't focused on food. Also, as you lose weight, the results will be obvious. People will notice, and ask you about your appearance. Prepare for these questions ahead of time -- and consider how you want to answer them. Talk to family and friends.


Question: What are the pros of gastric banding surgery?

Answer: Gastric Banding Surgery The Pros: Gastric banding is often a minimally invasive surgery performed with small incisions, a laparoscope (a tiny camera), and special instruments. There is no need to cut into the stomach or intestine, and recovery is usually faster than with gastric bypass surgery. The surgery can be reversed by surgically removing the band. The band can be tightened or loosened in the doctor's office to control weight loss and nutritional needs. Serious complications are uncommon. But gastric bands can slip out of place, become too loose, or leak. Should this occur, additional surgery may be necessary.


Question: How does weight loss surgery affect overall health?

Answer: Because weight loss is quick, weight-related health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis, sleep apnea, and heartburn improve quickly. These include: Obstructive sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) High cholesterol Degenerative joint disease or orthopedic problems High blood pressure Asthma Urinary incontinence After weight loss surgery, the body has difficulty absorbing certain important nutrients, including: Iron Vitamin B-12 Folate Calcium Vitamin D However, taking a daily multivitamin, plus other supplements, can prevent or reduce these deficiencies.


Question: What is Simponi and how does it treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They should check you for infections while you're taking it, too, Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria): These biologics target tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You'll take Simponi as a monthly shot and Simponi Aria every 8 weeks by IV.


Question: What is Erelzi and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi): This medication targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF).


Question: Can different biologic therapies be taken together at the same time?

Answer: As a general rule, you shouldn't take different biologic therapies at the same time.


Question: What are the side effects of Enbrel used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What are the most common side effects of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The most common side effects are a cold, sinus infection, a headache, high blood pressure, or liver problems.


Question: How is Erelzi used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi): This medication targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF).


Question: Are biologics used before surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You can start again when your wounds have healed and your chance of getting an infection has passed.


Question: What is Remicade?

Answer: Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF).


Question: Are biologics more expensive than other treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Drugmakers have to prove they're just as safe and effective as the original and that they work the same way.


Question: What are the side effects of Kineret?

Answer: The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What are the most common side effects of Humira?

Answer: The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What is the general rule for taking biologics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: As a general rule, you shouldn't take different biologic therapies at the same time.


Question: What are the most common side effects of Remicade?

Answer: The most common side effects are colds, a sinus infection, headache, and rash.


Question: What is Actemra and how does it treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). Tocilizumab ( Actemra): This medication targets interleukin-6 ( IL-6). Or you can get shots every week or every other week.


Question: What is Enbrel and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You get it in a shot every week or by IV once a month. Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: What is Humira and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You get them as a shot once every 2 weeks. Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: How is Inflectra used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You take it as a shot every 2-4 weeks. You take it as an infusion by IV. Your first two infusions will be 2 weeks apart.


Question: How do biologics treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Biologics are genetically engineered proteins made from human genes. Unlike other RA medications that affect your entire immune system, biologics zero in on specific parts that control the inflammation process. Aggressive treatment can help prevent long-term disability from rheumatoid arthritis. You might take it alone or along with other rheumatoid arthritis medications. The FDA has approved these medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis. You can start again when your wounds have healed and your chance of getting an infection has passed.


Question: What are the side effects of biologics?

Answer: Like generic medications, they cost less than the original. Before you start taking it, your doctor should test you for infections like tuberculosis and hepatitis. They should check you for infections while you're taking it, too. The most common are pain and rash at the injection site. Biologics can cause allergic reactions. Reaction symptoms include flu-like illness, fever, chills, nausea, and headache. As with any drugs that suppress your immune system, biologics can make you more likely to get infections and other diseases. See the doctor ASAP if you have a fever or unexplained symptoms. You may need to get vaccinations to prevent infections before you start a biologic. Biologics may cause some dormant chronic diseases (like tuberculosis) to flare.


Question: How is Humira used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: You get them as a shot once every 2 weeks. Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). The most common are pain and rash at the injection site. Your doctor will give you a skin or blood test for tuberculosis before you start a biologic.


Question: How are biologic medications given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You take it by IV. You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: What is Amjevita and how does it treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You might take it alone or along with other rheumatoid arthritis medications. Adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita): These medications target tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). The most common side effects are reactions to the infusion, chills, infections, body aches, tiredness, and a low white blood cell count.


Question: How is Simponi or Simponi Aria used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: They should check you for infections while you're taking it, too, Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria): These biologics target tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You'll take Simponi as a monthly shot and Simponi Aria every 8 weeks by IV. The most common side effects are a cold, sinus infection, headache, high blood pressure, and liver problems.


Question: How is Amjevita used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: You might take it alone or along with other rheumatoid arthritis medications. The most common side effects include headache, a cold, a sore throat, and nausea. Adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita): These medications target tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What should you consider when using biologics to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: As with any drugs that suppress your immune system, biologics can make you more likely to get infections and other diseases. Your doctor will tell you to stop your biologic before surgery.


Question: How is Enbrel used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: You get it in a shot every week or by IV once a month. Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What biologics are approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Abatacept ( Orencia) Adalimumab ( Humira), Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita) Anakinra ( Kineret) Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel), Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi) Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade), Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra) Rituximab ( Rituxan) Tocilizumab ( Actemra) Tofacitinib ( Xeljanz) There are several. The FDA has approved these medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: How is Actemra used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: The FDA has approved these medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis. You'll take Simponi as a monthly shot and Simponi Aria every 8 weeks by IV. Your first two infusions will be 2 weeks apart. Tocilizumab ( Actemra): This medication targets interleukin-6 ( IL-6). The most common side effects are a cold, sinus infection, a headache, high blood pressure, or liver problems.


Question: Is it important to meet with my doctor regularly if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: As with any drugs that suppress your immune system, biologics can make you more likely to get infections and other diseases. Your doctor will tell you to stop your biologic before surgery.


Question: What are the side effects of biologics for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Like generic medications, they cost less than the original. Before you start taking it, your doctor should test you for infections like tuberculosis and hepatitis. They should check you for infections while you're taking it, too. The most common are pain and rash at the injection site. Biologics can cause allergic reactions. Reaction symptoms include flu-like illness, fever, chills, nausea, and headache. As with any drugs that suppress your immune system, biologics can make you more likely to get infections and other diseases. See the doctor ASAP if you have a fever or unexplained symptoms. You may need to get vaccinations to prevent infections before you start a biologic. Biologics may cause some dormant chronic diseases (like tuberculosis) to flare.


Question: How is Orencia used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: They include: B-cell inhibitor: They affect B cells, which are white blood cells that carry a protein that can trigger your immune response. The most common side effects are respiratory infections (like sinus infections and a sore throat), headache, coughing, and stomach pain. You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: What is Orencia and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They include: B-cell inhibitor: They affect B cells, which are white blood cells that carry a protein that can trigger your immune response. The most common side effects are respiratory infections (like sinus infections and a sore throat), headache, coughing, and stomach pain. You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: What are the most common side effects of Amjevita?

Answer: The most common side effects include headache, a cold, a sore throat, and nausea. The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What is Rituxan and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They include: B-cell inhibitor: They affect B cells, which are white blood cells that carry a protein that can trigger your immune response. The FDA has approved these medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Your first two infusions will be 2 weeks apart. You can repeat the infusions every 6 months.


Question: Do biologics slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Aggressive treatment can help prevent long-term disability from rheumatoid arthritis. You can start again when your wounds have healed and your chance of getting an infection has passed.


Question: What is Cimzia and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). Your doctor will decide on the dose and how often you should take it. You can take it by IV once a month.


Question: How is Rituxan used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: They include: B-cell inhibitor: They affect B cells, which are white blood cells that carry a protein that can trigger your immune response. The FDA has approved these medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Your first two infusions will be 2 weeks apart. You can repeat the infusions every 6 months. The most common side effects are reactions to the infusion, chills, infections, body aches, tiredness, and a low white blood cell count.


Question: What is Kineret and how is it used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You might take a biologic alone or with another arthritis drug. Anakinra ( Kineret): This medicine targets interleukin-1 ( IL-1).


Question: How is Remicade used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Certolizumab ( Cimzia): This biologic targets tumor necrosis factor ( TNF). You take it as a shot every 2-4 weeks. You take it as a shot 1-2 times each week. The most common side effects are respiratory infections (like sinus infections and a sore throat), headache, coughing, and stomach pain. You take it as an infusion by IV.


Question: How is Kineret used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Anakinra ( Kineret): This medicine targets interleukin-1 ( IL-1). You take it as a shot once a day. The most common are pain and rash at the injection site.


Question: What is an action plan for asthma?

Answer: If you don't have one already, work with your doctor to create an asthma action plan. This is something you talk about and write down. It helps you tell how well-controlled your asthma is and what to do about it. Your action plan might include: How much medicine to take and when A list of your triggers and ways to avoid them What to do when you have specific symptoms of trouble A peak flow meter is an inexpensive, hand-held gadget.


Question: What should an asthma diary include?

Answer: A diary can help you keep track of how well-controlled your asthma is. Every day, write down: Any asthma symptoms you had and how you're feeling Where you were and what you were doing right before a flare When you're using medication and how much Your PEF numbers All of this information, collected in one place, helps you and your doctor see patterns and recognize warnings of asthma attacks. You can learn to prevent them or stop them before you get very ill. Your doctor can also check your diary to see how well your asthma action plan is working.


Question: How is a peak flow meter used to help with asthma symptoms?

Answer: Your action plan might include: How much medicine to take and when A list of your triggers and ways to avoid them What to do when you have specific symptoms of trouble A peak flow meter is an inexpensive, hand-held gadget. You use it to measure how fast air comes out when you exhale hard after a full breath in. This number is called a peak expiratory flow, or PEF. Your doctor may want you to use a peak flow meter to help you recognize trouble. Many asthma symptoms result from not being able to move air out of your lungs. If your PEF goes down, that's a sign your asthma is getting worse and you need to do something.


Question: What can you do to lower your stress from asthma?

Answer: For instance, a negative response to emotional stress can cause an asthma attack. Some natural relaxation remedies like deep abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and biofeedback can help relieve stress. Stress may trigger asthma symptoms.


Question: What is complementary therapy for asthma?

Answer: Unfortunately, there is no cure for asthma at this point. While some people with asthma say acupuncture eases their symptoms, there's little proof that acupuncture works as an asthma treatment. Herbs and natural dietary supplements. Work with your doctor to come up with an asthma action plan.


Question: How can you relieve asthma symptoms?

Answer: Learning to control your heart rate may help you manage your asthma, but more studies are needed to confirm a benefit. As you consider the different types of natural asthma remedies available, it's very important to cautiously balance your desire to breathe easier with the possible dangers of the treatment, which may be unknown. Your action plan might include: How much medicine to take and when A list of your triggers and ways to avoid them What to do when you have specific symptoms of trouble A peak flow meter is an inexpensive, hand-held gadget. Many asthma symptoms result from not being able to move air out of your lungs. Every day, write down: Any asthma symptoms you had and how you're feeling Where you were and what you were doing right before a flare When you're using medication and how much Your PEF numbers All of this information, collected in one place, helps you and your doctor see patterns and recognize warnings of asthma attacks.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about asthma relief?

Answer: Some natural therapies may help to manage symptoms of asthma. But because there have been limited research studies on complementary and alternative treatments for asthma, it's not known how safe and effective these are. Herbs and natural dietary supplements. Your doctor may want you to use a peak flow meter to help you recognize trouble.


Question: When should you call 911 if someone breaks a bone in their face?

Answer: The person has difficulty breathing. The upper and lower jaws don't meet properly. There is an open wound with exposed bone. The person has blurred or double vision or trouble moving his or her eyeballs.


Question: How can you control pain and swelling from facial fracture?

Answer: Keep the person's face elevated to allow blood to drain. Apply ice for swelling.


Question: When should you get help for facial fracture?

Answer: You need to see a health care provider for a facial fracture, including broken nose, jaw, cheekbone, or eye socket.


Question: What will my child with ADHD learn in a social skills group or program?

Answer: The children in these sessions do special activities, like role-playing, to learn how to: Greet other kids Start and hold a conversation Take turns when playing Ask for help when they need it Many schools have these groups.


Question: Are there groups or programs dedicated to social skills that can help my child with ADHD?

Answer: A school psychologist or speech therapist usually leads them. They're also small. Typically, there aren't more than eight kids in a group. The children in these sessions do special activities, like role-playing, to learn how to: Greet other kids Start and hold a conversation Take turns when playing Ask for help when they need it Many schools have these groups. There are also privately run programs.


Question: What can I tell my child with ADHD before an event to ease nervousness?

Answer: Talk with your child about what to do if she gets teased or picked on.


Question: How can hobbies help my child with ADHD in their social life?

Answer: Look for hobbies that center around your child's interests. It can be things like art, video games, sports, or whatever. Instead of signing up for what you think is best, let your child help you decide. Look for programs that have kids with ADHD in mind.


Question: Will making my child with ADHD join a lot of activities help with social life?

Answer: What can a parent do to help? Pick one or two habits to work on with her at a time, such as taking turns or sharing.


Question: Does my child's ADHD treatment help their social life?

Answer: What can a parent do to help? Medicine can also cut down on behaviors like impulsiveness that may keep other kids away.


Question: How much should I get involved in the social life of my child with ADHD?

Answer: Work with them and the school's guidance counselor to clear up any conflicts that could get in the way of friendships. One or two close friendships may be all she needs.


Question: Where can I find a social skills group or program for my child with ADHD?

Answer: It may help to choose something fun that your child is comfortable doing. Explore social skills groups. There are programs designed to help your child learn to make friends and do better in class.


Question: How can I know if ADHD is affecting my child's social life in school?

Answer: The same treatments that help your child succeed in school can also help with social issues. There are programs designed to help your child learn to make friends and do better in class. Kids with ADHD can be targets for bullying, too. Be prepared. Talk with your child about what to do if she gets teased or picked on. Make sure she knows it's OK to tell you if she's bullied.


Question: What are the symptoms of strep throat?

Answer: A sore throat is the main sign your child has strep. Colds and other viruses can also cause a sore throat. One way to tell the difference is that a virus will often cause a runny nose, too. With strep, the sore throat comes on quickly. Your throat feels raw, and it hurts to swallow. Strep is also more likely to cause these other symptoms as well: A fever of 101 F or higher Red, swollen tonsils White patches in the throat Tiny red spots on the roof of the mouth Appetite loss Stomachache Headache Nausea, vomiting Rash Call your doctor if you or a child in your care has these symptoms.


Question: How is strep throat diagnosed?

Answer: The only sure way to tell strep from viruses that cause a sore throat is with a test. There are two kinds: Rapid strep test: It can identify a case in just a few minutes. The doctor will gently hold down your child's tongue with a depressor.


Question: How can you keep strep throat from spreading?

Answer: Have your child stay home from school or daycare until the fever is gone and he has been on an antibiotic for at least 24 hours. Same for you and the workplace. Other tips: Don't share cups, dishes, forks, or other personal items with someone who's sick. Ask children to cover their mouths with a tissue or sleeve whenever they cough or sneeze. Have everyone in the house wash their hands or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer many times daily.


Question: How is a rapid test used to diagnose strep throat?

Answer: There are two kinds: Rapid strep test: It can identify a case in just a few minutes. The doctor will gently hold down your child's tongue with a depressor. Then, she will use a cotton swab to take a sample from the back of the throat. You'll get the results in 20 minutes or less. If the test is positive, which means strep is there, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat it. If the test is negative, which means the strep bacteria could not be found, the doctor might send the sample to a lab for a follow-up that takes longer.


Question: How do I catch strep throat?

Answer: Strep throat is an infection of the throat and tonsils. Bacteria called group Astreptococcus, also known as Streptococcus pyogenes. cause it. They live in the nose and throat. You can get the infection from someone who is sick with strep A bacteria or is a carrier of it. Like other infections, it spreads through close contact. When people who are sick cough or sneeze, they release droplets into the air that hold the bacteria. You can infect yourself if you touch something a person with strep has coughed or sneezed upon and then brush your eyes, mouth, or nose with your hand. You can also get sick if you share a glass or other personal item with someone who has strep. Strep is most common in children and teens. Adults can sometimes get it, too.


Question: What do you need to know about strep throat?

Answer: Irritants such as smoke in the air can also make you feel raw. Strep throat is different -- it's caused by bacteria. You need to know whether you or your child has strep or another illness so you can get the right treatment. Colds and other viruses can also cause a sore throat. The doctor will gently hold down your child's tongue with a depressor.


Question: What are the treatments for strep throat?

Answer: If the test is positive, which means strep is there, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat it. Most treatments last for about 10 days. The medicine can make your child's symptoms go away faster and help prevent complications. Make sure your child takes all of the doses. Stopping the medicine too early can leave some bacteria alive. These can make your child sick again. Be sure to tell the doctor if your young one is allergic to any types of antibiotics.


Question: What is high myopia?

Answer: High myopia: It's a more serious form of the condition, where the eyeball grows more than it is supposed to and becomes very long front to back. Besides making it hard to see things at a distance, it can also raise your chance of having other conditions like a detached retina, cataracts, and glaucoma.


Question: What are symptoms of myopia?

Answer: Chances are the only symptom is that more distant objects are blurred. You may also notice: Headaches Squinting Eye strain Eye fatigue when you try to see objects more than a few feet away Children with myopia often have trouble reading the blackboard at school.


Question: How can photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) help with treating myopia?

Answer: The most common procedures for myopia are: Photorefractive keratectomy: Also called PRK, this surgery uses a laser to sculpt the middle layer of your cornea. That flattens the cornea's curve and lets light rays focus closer to or on your retina.


Question: What causes myopia?

Answer: The structure of your eye is to blame. When your eyeball is too long or the cornea -- the protective outer layer of your eye -- is too curved, the light that enters your eye won't focus correctly. Images focus in front of the retina, the light-sensitive part of your eye, instead of directly on the retina. This causes blurred vision. Doctors call this a refractive error.


Question: When does myopia typically start?

Answer: Myopia runs in families and will probably start in childhood. It stops changing after your teenage years, but not always. If you notice changes in your vision, get your eyes checked. See your eye doctor every year.


Question: What is degenerative myopia?

Answer: Degenerative myopia: Also called pathological or malignant myopia, it is a rare type you usually inherit from your parents. Your eyeball gets longer very quickly and causes severe myopia, usually by the teenage or early adult years. This type of myopia can get worse far into adulthood. Besides making it hard to see things at a distance, you may have a higher chance of having a detached retina, abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye (choroid neovascularization), and glaucoma.


Question: How can laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) help with treating myopia?

Answer: LASIK : This the most common surgery for myopia. The surgeon uses a laser or another tool to create a thin flap on the top layer of your cornea. He sculpts the cornea with another laser and moves the flap back into place.


Question: How is myopia diagnosed?

Answer: Images focus in front of the retina, the light-sensitive part of your eye, instead of directly on the retina. This causes blurred vision. An eye exam can show you if you're myopic. Glasses, contacts, or refractive surgery can usually correct the problem.


Question: How is hepatitis C known not to spread?

Answer: If a mom has hepatitis C and her nipples are cracked and bleeding, she should stop nursing until her nipples have healed. Then she can resume nursing.


Question: How can avoiding direct exposure to blood or blood products help prevent hepatitis C infection?

Answer: If you are a medical worker or health care provider, avoid coming into direct contact with blood. Any tools that draw blood in the workplace should be thrown out safely or sterilized to prevent hepatitis C infection.


Question: How can avoiding sharing personal care items help prevent hepatitis C infection?

Answer: Often, people will cut themselves while shaving, or their gums will bleed while brushing their teeth. Even small amounts of blood can infect someone, so it is important not to share items such as toothbrushes, razors, nail and hair clippers, and scissors. If you already have hepatitis C, make sure you keep your personal items, such as razors and toothbrushes, separate and out of children's reach.


Question: How can avoiding sharing needles help prevent hepatitis C infection?

Answer: Besides needles, the virus may be present in other equipment used with illicit drugs.


Question: How can practicing safe sex prevent hepatitis C?

Answer: It is rare for hepatitis C to be transmitted through sexual intercourse, but there is a higher chance of getting hepatitis C if you have HIV, another sexually transmitted disease, multiple sex partners, or if you engage in rough sex.


Question: How is hepatitis C transmission currently prevented?

Answer: One of the main problems with preventing hepatitis C is that most people who are infected don't show symptoms at first. Many only find out when they have a blood test for an unrelated reason. Until relatively recently, this often led to infected blood and organs being used in transfusions and transplants. As of July 1992, all blood and organ donations are screened for the hepatitis C virus. Although not perfect, only about 1 in 2 million blood transfusions may transmit hepatitis C. Anyone who received a blood transfusion or organ donation before July 1992 should be tested for the virus. As of 1987, all blood products for the treatment of hemophilia are treated to remove infectious viruses, such as hepatitis C and HIV. But if you took any blood products before 1987, you should be tested for hepatitis C. There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C infection.


Question: How should you choose tattoo and piercing parlors to prevent hepatitis C infection?

Answer: Only use a licensed tattoo and piercing artist who does the right sanitary procedures. A new, disposable needle and ink well should be used for each customer. If in doubt, ask about their disposable products and sanitary procedures before getting a tattoo or piercing.


Question: What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer: That's why regular prostate cancer screenings are so important. Once a tumor causes the prostate gland to swell, or once cancer spreads beyond the prostate, the following symptoms may happen: The need to pee often, especially at night Trouble starting or stopping a stream of urine A weak stream, or one that starts and stops Leaking when you laugh or cough Not being able to pee standing up Pain or burning when you pee Pain or burning when you ejaculate Less fluid when you ejaculate Blood in your pee or semen Pressure or pain in your rectum Pain or stiffness in your lower back, hips, pelvis, or thighs A decrease in the amount of fluid ejaculated New trouble getting an erection These aren't symptoms of the cancer itself.


Question: When should you call your doctor about prostate cancer?

Answer: Symptoms of advanced prostate cancer include: Dull, deep pain or stiffness in the pelvis, lower back, ribs, or upper thighs; pain in the bones of those areas Loss of weight and appetite Fatigue, nausea, or vomiting Swelling of the lower extremities Weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs, often with constipation Bowel problems You have trouble urinating or find that urination is painful or different from normal; your doctor should examine your prostate gland to determine whether it is enlarged, inflamed with an infection, or cancerous. You have chronic pain in your lower back, pelvis, upper thighbones, or other bones. Pain in these areas can be caused by different things, including the spread of prostate cancer. You have unexplained weight loss. You have swelling in your legs. You have weakness in your legs or a hard time walking, especially if you also have constipation.


Question: Who gets sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea can affect anyone at any age, even children. Risk factors for sleep apnea include: Being male Being overweight Being over age 40 Having a large neck size (17 inches or greater in men and 16 inches or greater in women) Having large tonsils, a large tongue, or a small jaw bone Having a family history of sleep apnea Nasal obstruction due to a deviated septum, allergies, or sinus problems If left untreated, sleep apnea can increase the risk of health problems, including: High blood pressure Stroke Heart failure, irregular heart beats, and heart attacks Diabetes Depression Worsening of ADHD Headaches In addition, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for poor performance in everyday activities, such as at work and school, motor vehicle crashes, and academic underachievement in children and adolescents.


Question: How does sleep apnea affect your body?

Answer: Risk factors for sleep apnea include: Being male Being overweight Being over age 40 Having a large neck size (17 inches or greater in men and 16 inches or greater in women) Having large tonsils, a large tongue, or a small jaw bone Having a family history of sleep apnea Nasal obstruction due to a deviated septum, allergies, or sinus problems If left untreated, sleep apnea can increase the risk of health problems, including: High blood pressure Stroke Heart failure, irregular heart beats, and heart attacks Diabetes Depression Worsening of ADHD Headaches In addition, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for poor performance in everyday activities, such as at work and school, motor vehicle crashes, and academic underachievement in children and adolescents.


Question: What is sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. People with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times. This means the brain -- and the rest of the body -- may not get enough oxygen.


Question: What are the types of sleep apnea?

Answer: This means the brain -- and the rest of the body -- may not get enough oxygen. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are two types of sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA): The more common of the two forms of apnea, it is caused by a blockage of the airway, usually when the soft tissue in the back of the throat collapses during sleep. Central sleep apnea: Unlike OSA, the airway is not blocked, but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe, due to instability in the respiratory control center.


Question: What are the signs of physical abuse in children?

Answer: Signs of physical abuse may include: Bruises, welts, or other injuries that can't be explained or don't match with the child's story Burns, especially from cigarettes, that can't be explained Injury marks that have a pattern, like from a hand, belt, or other objects Injuries that are at different stages of healing Medical or dental issues that go untreated Kids who've been physically abused may also: Avoid any kind of touch or physical contact Be afraid to go home Seem to always be on high alert Wear clothing that doesn't match the weather -- such as long sleeves on hot days -- to cover up bruises Withdraw from friends and activities Signs of sexual abuse may include: Avoiding a certain person for no clear reason Bloody, torn, or stained underwear Bruising or bleeding around the genitals Pain or itching around the genitals that might cause problems walking or sitting Pregnancy or STDs, especially for boys and girls under 14 years old Refusing to change clothes in front of others Running away from home Sexual activity or knowledge that people usually have only when they're older Signs of emotional abuse may include: Constant worry about doing something wrong Speech problems or delays in learning and emotional development Depression and low self-esteem Doing poorly in school Extreme behavior, such as being way too obedient or way too demanding Headaches and stomachaches with no clear cause The child doesn't seem close to a parent or caregiver Showing little interest in friends and activities Signs of neglect may include: Always looking dirty Being left alone or in the care of other young children Eating more than usual at a meal or saving food for later Doesn't get medical, dental, or mental health care Missing a lot of school Poor weight gain and growth If you suspect child abuse, it's important to report it.


Question: What are the signs of sexual abuse in children?

Answer: Signs of physical abuse may include: Bruises, welts, or other injuries that can't be explained or don't match with the child's story Burns, especially from cigarettes, that can't be explained Injury marks that have a pattern, like from a hand, belt, or other objects Injuries that are at different stages of healing Medical or dental issues that go untreated Kids who've been physically abused may also: Avoid any kind of touch or physical contact Be afraid to go home Seem to always be on high alert Wear clothing that doesn't match the weather -- such as long sleeves on hot days -- to cover up bruises Withdraw from friends and activities Signs of sexual abuse may include: Avoiding a certain person for no clear reason Bloody, torn, or stained underwear Bruising or bleeding around the genitals Pain or itching around the genitals that might cause problems walking or sitting Pregnancy or STDs, especially for boys and girls under 14 years old Refusing to change clothes in front of others Running away from home Sexual activity or knowledge that people usually have only when they're older Signs of emotional abuse may include: Constant worry about doing something wrong Speech problems or delays in learning and emotional development Depression and low self-esteem Doing poorly in school Extreme behavior, such as being way too obedient or way too demanding Headaches and stomachaches with no clear cause The child doesn't seem close to a parent or caregiver Showing little interest in friends and activities Signs of neglect may include: Always looking dirty Being left alone or in the care of other young children Eating more than usual at a meal or saving food for later Doesn't get medical, dental, or mental health care Missing a lot of school Poor weight gain and growth If you suspect child abuse, it's important to report it.


Question: What should I do if I think my child has vision problems?

Answer: You child might be having trouble with her sight if she: Complains about headaches or blurry vision Closes one eye Rubs her eyes Complains about pain in one or both eyes Has an eye that turns in, out, up, down, or wanders Has eyes that cross or can't focus Holds books really close to see the words If you spot one of these symptoms, make an appointment with her pediatrician or an eye doctor. Getting a checkup right away can let the doctor find vision problems before they can affect her sight -- and school performance. It's very important to watch your child, since many kids don't know something is wrong!


Question: What does it mean when my child can't see things far away?

Answer: It might be: Nearsightedness, or myopia. What to do: Get her vision checked. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can improve distance vision.


Question: What does it mean when my child squints?

Answer: Does she have a vision problem? It can be a sign of nearsightedness, or myopia, as your doctor would call it. Nearsightedness is just one of several common childhood vision problems. One out of every 4 kids has trouble with eyesight. Often, parents don't know there's a problem. That's why all children should get regular eye exams. To get your child fitted, see an eye specialist.


Question: How can I know if my child has vision problems?

Answer: Some kids have a lazy eye. Most of the time, they squint. You child might be having trouble with her sight if she: Complains about headaches or blurry vision Closes one eye Rubs her eyes Complains about pain in one or both eyes Has an eye that turns in, out, up, down, or wanders Has eyes that cross or can't focus Holds books really close to see the words If you spot one of these symptoms, make an appointment with her pediatrician or an eye doctor.


Question: Which sites should be used for self-injection?

Answer: Important: Only use the sites on the front of your body for self-injection. Any of the sites may be used if someone else is giving you the injection.


Question: What can happen if someone withdraws too much cloudy insulin?

Answer: Important: This must be an exact measurement. If you withdraw too much cloudy insulin, the total dosage in the syringe must be discarded. Be careful not to push any of the clear insulin from the syringe into the cloudy insulin. If there are large air bubbles after mixing the insulin in the syringe, discard this dosage and start the procedure again. Do not push the insulin back into the bottle.


Question: How do you select and clean an injection site when giving yourself an insulin shot?

Answer: Do not inject near joints, the groin area, navel, the middle of the abdomen, or near scars. Clean the injection site (about 2 inches of your skin) in a circular motion with an alcohol wipe or a cotton ball dampened with rubbing alcohol. Leave the alcohol wipe or cotton ball nearby.


Question: What is an insulin shot?

Answer: Subcutaneous tissue (also called "sub Q" tissue) is found throughout your body.


Question: What are the guidelines for injections?

Answer: Follow these guidelines: Ask your doctor, nurse, or health educator which sites you should use. Move the site of each injection. Inject at least 1 1/2 inches away from the last injection site. Try to use the same general injection area at the same time of each day (for example, use the abdomen for the injection before lunch). Note: The abdomen absorbs insulin the fastest, followed by the arms, thighs, and buttocks. Keep a record of which injection sites you have used.


Question: How does someone prepare the insulin and syringe?

Answer: Remove the plastic cap from the insulin bottle. Roll the bottle of insulin between your hands two to three times to mix the insulin. Do not shake the bottle, as air bubbles can form and affect the amount of insulin withdrawn. Wipe off the rubber part on the top of the insulin bottle with an alcohol pad or cotton ball dampened with alcohol. Set the insulin bottle nearby on a flat surface. Remove the cap from the needle.


Question: Where should someone go to learn about proper disposal of insulin needles?

Answer: Do NOT put this container in the recycling bin. Some communities have specific disposal laws. Check with your local health department for specific disposal instructions in your community.


Question: How do I rotate insulin injection sites?

Answer: Important: Only use the sites on the front of your body for self-injection. Follow these guidelines: Ask your doctor, nurse, or health educator which sites you should use. Move the site of each injection. Try to use the same general injection area at the same time of each day (for example, use the abdomen for the injection before lunch). Keep a record of which injection sites you have used.


Question: What should someone do when they are finished injecting insulin?

Answer: Select a clean, dry work area, and gather the following insulin supplies: Bottle of insulin Sterile insulin syringe (needle attached) with wrapper removed Two alcohol wipes (or cotton balls and a bottle of rubbing alcohol) One container for used equipment (such as a hard plastic or metal container with a screw-on or tightly secured lid or a commercial "sharps" container) Wash hands with soap and warm water and dry them with a clean towel. Remove the needle cap. When the container is full, put the lid or cover on it and throw it away with the trash.


Question: How do I treat symptoms of broken or knocked-out teeth?

Answer: Control bleeding with sterile gauze or cloth. For pain and swelling, apply a cool compress. Encourage a child to suck on a frozen pop. For pain, take ibuprofen or acetaminophen.


Question: What are some first aid steps for a knocked-out teeth?

Answer: Touch only the crown, the top part of the tooth. Rinse the tooth gently in a bowl of lukewarm water for no more than 10 seconds only if there is dirt or foreign matter on it. Rinse mouth with warm water. If possible, reinsert permanent teeth into the correct sockets and have the person bite on a gauze pad to hold teeth in place. If you can't reinsert permanent teeth, or for baby teeth or teeth fragments, store them in whole milk or between your cheek and gum to prevent drying. For teeth that have been knocked out, see a dentist or go to an emergency room immediately. Take the teeth or teeth fragments with you.


Question: What are salicylates?

Answer: Salicylates are chemicals found in plants and are a major ingredient in aspirin and other pain-relieving medications. They're also naturally in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in many common health and beauty products.


Question: How can autoimmune thyroiditis cause goiter?

Answer: As the disease goes on, your thyroid may become enlarged, a condition called a goiter. The front of your neck will look swollen, and it might make your throat feel full. It may not hurt. Left alone, the thyroid will eventually shrink on its own, but that doesn't mean you're cured. That just means your thyroid is damaged.


Question: What foods and supplements can mess with your treatment for autoimmune thyroiditis?

Answer: You'll need to take medicine for the rest of your life.


Question: What causes autoimmune thyroiditis?

Answer: Or it could be a combination of causes.


Question: How is autoimmune thyroiditis treated?

Answer: The usual therapy is a prescription medicine called levothyroxine ( Levo- T, Levothroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, Unithroid). It's a man-made version of what a healthy thyroid makes. Your doctor will keep an eye on you and may have to adjust your dosage every once in a while. You'll need to take medicine for the rest of your life.


Question: Who is more likely to get autoimmune thyroiditis?

Answer: You may be more likely to get autoimmune thyroiditis if you: Are a woman Are middle-aged Have another autoimmune disorder like lupus, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis Are related to someone who has autoimmune thyroiditis Have been exposed to environmental radiation You may not have any in the beginning.


Question: How is autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed?

Answer: Symptoms can include: Tiredness Sensitivity to cold Puffy face Trouble pooping Enlarged tongue Pale, dry skin and brittle nails Hair loss Weight gain Muscle aches and joint pain Depression Memory lapse Heavy menstrual bleeding Your doctor will order blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels. The tests also look for something called thyroperoxidase antibodies. You also might have an ultrasound so your doctor can look at your thyroid, especially if your blood test results aren't clear. Your doctor might spot the problem through regular blood tests even if you don't have any symptoms, especially if they're aware that your family has a history of thyroid problems.


Question: What is autoimmune thyroiditis?

Answer: That can affect your energy level, mood, and weight. If your thyroid becomes inflamed, you have thyroiditis. Sometimes it happens because your body makes antibodies that attack your thyroid by mistake. This condition is called autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or Hashimoto's disease. The front of your neck will look swollen, and it might make your throat feel full. That just means your thyroid is damaged.


Question: Is hyperhidrosis serious?

Answer: Focal hyperhidrosis isn't medically serious. Other forms of excessive sweating, though, can signal underlying medical problems. Sweating all over the body at once is called generalized hyperhidrosis. It's frequently caused by diseases affecting the whole body. Infections, hormone problems, cancer, or nerve problems can be responsible. It often occurs during sleep, unlike focal hyperhidrosis, which occurs only when awake. Anyone with all-over body sweating should see a doctor as soon as possible.


Question: Can hyperhidrosis treatment help?

Answer: Despite the serious negative impact hyperhidrosis has on the lives of those who suffer from it, most never seek treatment. Generally, people with focal hyperhidrosis have been living with their problem since they were young. After learning to live with excessive sweating, they often don't recognize their problem is treatable. That's too bad, because effective hyperhidrosis treatments are available. Although no treatment is perfect, hyperhidrosis medications and procedures can help many people with the condition.


Question: How does hyperhidrosis begin?

Answer: Sweating is worst in the palms, soles, or underarms. When excessive sweating is limited to these areas, it's called focal hyperhidrosis. Most people with focal hyperhidrosis are otherwise completely healthy. Studies suggest that they are no more nervous or easily upset than people who sweat normally.


Question: Which doctors can help with hyperhidrosis?

Answer: Dermatologists are generally the best doctors for treating excessive sweating that's not controlled by OTC products. They are usually more familiar with hyperhidrosis treatment, especially when sweating is severe. Depending on your insurance, you may need a referral to a dermatologist from your regular doctor.


Question: What does the treatment of hyperhidrosis involve?

Answer: Hyperhidrosis that's controllable by OTC treatment doesn't need a doctor's visit. Antiperspirants can even be used at bedtime. Prescription antiperspirants: Most people with hyperhidrosis will sweat through OTC antiperspirants. A doctor can prescribe a higher-strength, aluminum salt-based antiperspirant. This can be effective for mild cases of excessive sweating. Some more advanced treatments for hyperhidrosis include: Iontophoresis: This involves soaking the hands or feet in a basin of water through which a mild electric current is passed.


Question: What are the symptoms of a pleural effusion?

Answer: You're more likely to have symptoms when a pleural effusion is moderate or large-sized, or if there is also inflammation. If you do have symptoms, they may include: Shortness of breath Chest pain, especially when breathing in deeply ( This is called pleurisy or pleuritic pain.)


Question: How is a pleural effusion treated?

Answer: Your doctor may need to treat only the medical condition that caused the pleural effusion. You would get antibiotics for pneumonia, for instance, or diuretics for congestive heart failure.


Question: What are common causes of a pleural effusion?

Answer: But it can also come from liver or kidney disease, when fluid builds up in your body and leaks into the pleural space. Cancer. Infections. Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis are some diseases that can cause it. Pulmonary embolism. You can then drain the pleural effusion at home.


Question: What are some non-food ways to reward yourself for losing weight?

Answer: Rewards may include treating yourself to a movie or massage, taking an afternoon off from work, or giving an hour of time to yourself. Keep in mind that many small rewards, given for meeting small goals, can work better than bigger rewards for long, difficult goals.


Question: How does setting the right goals help with long-term weight loss?

Answer: Most people trying to lose weight only focus on their ultimate goal: dropping pounds. But it's important not to lose sight of the diet and exercise changes that will get you there. Choose two or three diet and exercise goals at a time that you are willing to take on. And make sure they are specific and realistic.


Question: What are examples of good goals for long-term weight loss?

Answer: For example, "exercise more" is a wonderful goal, but it's not specific. " Walk 5 miles every day" is specific and measurable. But is it realistic if you're just starting out? " Walk 30 minutes every day" is better, but what happens if work or weather interferes? " Walk 30 minutes for 5 days each week" is specific and realistic.


Question: How can knowing your food triggers help with long-term weight loss?

Answer: Are there situations that make you want to eat more? Start noticing them. For example, you may learn that you're more likely to overeat while you're bored or stressed. Then figure out ways to get around those triggers. Do something else to soothe your stress, for instance. Also, you might want to put treats away. You're more likely to eat them if they're visible and easy to get to.


Question: What tips can help you eat healthier and feel full longer when you're trying to lose weight?

Answer: So eat slower, giving your brain enough time to notice that you've eaten. What you eat can also help. Think fiber (like fruits and veggies) to fill up. Another trick is to use smaller plates so that small portions do not appear too small. Also, changing your eating schedule can help you reach your goal, especially if you tend to skip or delay meals and overeat later.


Question: What if my shampoo irritates my scalp?

Answer: What helps: Switch to a new shampoo. Look for fragrance-free, organic shampoo for color-treated hair or mild "baby" shampoos. Be sure to give your hair a good rinse.


Question: What hair products can irritate your scalp?

Answer: Treatments that color, bleach, or straighten your hair are the most likely hair products to irritate your scalp. If you use heat during processing -- to help lighten hair, for example -- the irritation can be worse.


Question: What can I do if the weather affects my sensitive scalp?

Answer: What helps: Try to keep indoor temperatures "just right" -- not too warm or too cool. Wash your hair less in winter to keep in oils and moisture that protect your scalp.


Question: Why do some shampoos cause irritation to my sensitive scalp?

Answer: Wash your hair less in winter to keep in oils and moisture that protect your scalp.


Question: How should I experiment with a new hair product?

Answer: What helps: Always do a patch test to see how your skin reacts before using a new hair product. If it stings or itches, try a different brand. If you're coloring your hair, try a semi-permanent color or a rinse. Permanent color has an ingredient called PPDA that can cause an allergic reaction. To limit exposure to harsh chemicals, retouch the roots instead of doing all-over color every time. Or highlight instead of lightening all over.


Question: What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: It is a rare condition of irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia. The heart has an electrical system that works a certain way. Signals travel in an exact pattern from the upper to the lower chambers of the heart. This system keeps the heart beating regularly. People with Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome have an extra electrical pathway. It causes the abnormal heartbeats. And it could lead to a very serious arrhythmia called supraventricular tachycardia. This is when the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) beat very quickly.


Question: What are symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: Some people have symptoms and some do not. You may have the following: Dizziness or feeling light-headed Palpitations or feeling your heart flutter or beat harder Loss of consciousness Trouble breathing or shortness of breath Your doctor will recommend that you see a cardiologist or heart specialist.


Question: How can a Holter monitor help in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: You'll wear a monitor that records your heart rhythm for 24 hours or more.


Question: What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: Parents can pass it down to their children. But most times it happens randomly and doesn't run in families. If you have this condition, you also might have other heart problems. Even when you're born with the syndrome, you may not find out you have it until you're in your teens or older.


Question: How can electrocardiography help in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: Heart palpitations are one possible symptom of Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome. They might include: Electrocardiography to check the electrical activity of your heart.


Question: How do heart attacks happen?

Answer: Most heart attacks happen suddenly when one of the arteries leading to the heart becomes blocked and cuts off the blood flow. Without oxygen, the heart muscles start to die.


Question: What conditions can cause heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure can also stem from other conditions. They include: Heart valve disease Congenital heart defects Infections Irregular heartbeat Problems with the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) HIV/ AIDS Chemotherapy Thyroid disease Alcohol overuse Lung disease Symptoms of a heart attack vary from person to person.


Question: What is the difference between heart failure and a heart attack?

Answer: They have some common causes. But they also differ in key ways. Most heart attacks happen suddenly when one of the arteries leading to the heart becomes blocked and cuts off the blood flow. Without oxygen, the heart muscles start to die. Heart failure, on the other hand, usually develops gradually. The heart muscle becomes weaker and has trouble pumping blood to nourish the cells in your body. This is a chronic condition that gradually gets worse. But medications can help you live longer and better with it. Heart attacks can lead to heart failure by weakening the heart's pumping ability. Sometimes, heart failure comes on suddenly after a heart attack. Usually the symptoms are severe at first. This is called acute heart failure. But you can get better quickly with treatment and medication. Coronary artery disease is at the root of both heart attack and heart failure.


Question: How can you treat heart attacks?

Answer: If you have heart failure, you'll likely notice more than one of these classic symptoms: Shortness of breath (especially when lying down) Wheezing or coughing Fast or irregular heartbeat Tiredness Swelling around your ankles, legs, or stomach and weight gain from retaining fluid Confusion Heart attacks need to be treated right away. Call 911 even if you only suspect you're having one. Paramedics will probably give you blood-thinning aspirin to prevent any more clots and nitroglycerin to help blood flow. Your long-term treatment will depend on the cause, but many people recover well from a heart attack. You may need a procedure to open the blocked artery. With percutaneous coronary intervention, a surgeon threads a tube into the blocked artery. Then she expands a tiny balloon attached to the end of the tube to open the artery. At the same time, she may put a tiny mesh tube called a stent in to keep the artery propped open. Your doctor could suggest coronary artery bypass grafting. The surgeon takes out a healthy blood vessel and attaches it to the damaged vessel to create a detour for the blood. Your doctor will probably prescribe some long-term medications. They include drugs to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. She may also suggest you learn how to manage your underlying heart disease through diet and exercise.