Question: How is the pulp removed from the tooth during a root canal?

Answer: A hole can occur through the side of the tooth, with drainage into the gums or through the cheek into the skin. The pulp, along with bacteria and related debris, is removed from the tooth. The cleaning-out process is accomplished using root canal files. A series of these files of increasing diameter are each subsequently placed into the access hole and worked down the full length of the tooth to scrape and scrub the sides of the root canals. Water or sodium hypochlorite is used periodically to flush away the debris.


Question: What are the signs that a root canal therapy is needed?

Answer: Signs you may need root canal therapy include: Severe toothache pain upon chewing or application of pressure Prolonged sensitivity (pain) to hot or cold temperatures (after the heat or cold has been removed) Discoloration (darkening) of the tooth Swelling and tenderness in nearby gums A persistent or recurring pimple on the gums Sometimes no symptoms are present. Root canal therapy should relieve the pain you feel.


Question: Why does dental pulp need to be removed?

Answer: The pulp or pulp chamber is the soft area within the center of the tooth and contains the nerve, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The bacteria and other dying pulp remnants can cause an infection or abscessed tooth. An abscess is a pus-filled pocket that forms at the end of a tooth's root.


Question: What are ways to prevent the need for a root canal?

Answer: A tooth's pulp can become irritated, inflamed, and infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on a tooth, large fillings, a crack or chip in the tooth, or trauma to the face. Trauma resulting from a sports-related injury can be reduced by wearing a mouth guard.


Question: Is there an alternative to root canal procedure?

Answer: The tooth's nerve is in the "root" or "legs" of the tooth. The tooth would then be replaced with a bridge, implant, or removable partial denture to restore chewing function and prevent adjacent teeth from shifting. These alternatives not only are more expensive than a root canal procedure but require more treatment time and additional procedures to adjacent teeth and supporting tissues.


Question: What is the first step in the procedure for a root canal?

Answer: In addition to an abscess, an infection in the root canal of a tooth can cause: Swelling that may spread to other areas of the face, neck, or head Bone loss around the tip of the root Drainage problems extending outward from the root. Your dentist or endodontist will then use local anesthesia to numb the area near the tooth. Actually, anesthesia may not be necessary, since the nerve is dead, but most dentists still anesthetize the area to make the patient more relaxed and at ease.


Question: What is dental pulp?

Answer: Root canal therapy is performed when the pulp which is composed of nerves and blood vessels in the tooth becomes infected or damaged. The tooth's nerve is in the "root" or "legs" of the tooth. The root canals travel from the tip of the tooth's root into the pulp chamber.


Question: How successful is root canal treatment?

Answer: Root canal therapy is the treatment of choice. These alternatives not only are more expensive than a root canal procedure but require more treatment time and additional procedures to adjacent teeth and supporting tissues.


Question: What causes infection after a root canal?

Answer: Your dentist will discuss who might be best suited to perform the work in your particular case. Among the likely reasons for this include: More than the normally anticipated number of root canals in a tooth (leaving one of them uncleaned) An undetected crack in the root of a tooth A defective or inadequate dental restoration that has allowed bacteria to get past the restoration into the inner aspects of the tooth and recontaminate the area A breakdown of the inner sealing material over time, allowing bacteria to recontaminate the inner aspects of the tooth Sometimes re-treatment can be successful.


Question: What should I look for in acne-friendly aftershave lotions?

Answer: What to look for: Use a non-irritating, lubricating shaving gel, or a prescription shaving foam containing benzoyl peroxide or a topical antibiotic that's designed for men with acne. After shaving, skip the splash of cologne or alcohol-based aftershave, which can irritate your skin -- not to mention leave you in agony if you have any open cuts or recently popped pimples. Use an oil-free moisturizer or a prescription topical antibiotic lotion or gel instead.


Question: What are complications associated with pica?

Answer: Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. This is the most concerning and potentially lethal side effect of pica Eating non-food objects can interfere with eating healthy food, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Eating objects that cannot be digested, such as stones, can cause constipation or blockages in the digestive tract, including the intestines and bowels. Also, hard or sharp objects (such as paperclips or metal scraps) can cause tears in the lining of the esophagus or intestines. Bacteria or parasites from dirt or other objects can cause serious infections. Some infections can damage the kidneys or liver. Co-existing developmental disabilities can make treatment difficult.


Question: How is pica treated?

Answer: The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to check for anemia and look for toxins and other substances in the blood, and to check for blockages in the intestinal tract. Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. There are many potential complications of pica, such as: Certain items, such as paint chips, may contain lead or other toxic substances and eating them can lead to poisoning, increasing the child's risk of complications including learning disabilities and brain damage.


Question: What is the outlook for people with pica?

Answer: The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to check for anemia and look for toxins and other substances in the blood, and to check for blockages in the intestinal tract. However, it is likely to be more difficult to manage in children who are developmentally disabled.


Question: When is surgery a treatment option for Pancoast tumors?

Answer: If the cancer has not spread to distant areas of the body, surgery will likely be offered. People with Pancoast tumors that are directly invading the covering of the lung and chest wall should generally undergo surgery, if: The cancer has not spread to distant parts of the body. The patient's heart and lungs are healthy enough to allow surgery. There is no evidence of extensive enlargement of the lymph nodes. Occasionally, people with severe pain who have tumors that can't be removed may be selectively considered for palliative surgery to reduce pain.


Question: What is the outlook for people with Pancoast tumors?

Answer: An MRI can also better assess the tumor's invasion of nearby areas. However, recent studies have shown that, in some people, the tumor completely stops growing and the pain is gone. In addition, survival rates have improved.


Question: What is basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: Most people who develop it are in good health before they find out they have it. When it happens this way, it is also known as basal ganglia calcification, but is different from the genetic form of the disease. If one of your brothers and sisters or a parent has it, it's more likely that your symptoms (if you have any) are part of the same syndrome. If one of your parents has it, you have a 50% chance of having it as well.


Question: How is basal ganglia calcification diagnosed?

Answer: Instead, doctors use several methods to see if you have it. They usually start with symptoms and family history. If one of your brothers and sisters or a parent has it, it's more likely that your symptoms (if you have any) are part of the same syndrome. There is no cure, but there is treatment for the symptoms.


Question: How effective are diaphragms in preventing pregnancy?

Answer: So if you put the diaphragm in hours ahead of time, remember to add more. That's more effective than condoms or other barrier methods, but less effective than sterilization, intrauterine devices ( IUDs), or birth control pills. And some women get urinary tract infections more often when they use a diaphragm. If it's in correctly, you and your partner can't feel it.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD develop better relationship skills?

Answer: Children with ADHD need to know exactly what others expect from them. Set up social behavior goals with your child and implement a reward program Encourage social interactions if your child is withdrawn or excessively shy Schedule play activities with only one other child at a time Supervise play activities as your child practices social skills.


Question: What is the best way to parent a child with ADHD?

Answer: Ways to do this include: Providing clear, consistent expectations, directions, and limits. Children with ADHD need to know exactly what others expect from them. Setting up an effective discipline system. That means learning discipline methods that reward appropriate behavior and respond to misbehavior with alternatives such as time out or loss of privileges. Creating a behavior modification plan to change the most problematic behaviors. Behavior charts that track your child's chores or responsibilities and that offer potential rewards for positive behaviors can be helpful tools. These charts, as well as other behavior modification techniques, will help parents address problems in systematic, effective ways. It is helpful for you to: Recognize the importance of healthy peer relationships for children Involve your child in activities with his or her peers; choosing an activity your child is particularly good at or enjoys will help them to have the confidence needed to focus on engaging more with peers.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD achieve academic success?

Answer: You can do this by making sure your child is: Seated in a quiet area without clutter or distractions Given clear, concise instructions Encouraged to write each assignment in a notebook as it is given by the teacher Responsible for his or her own assignments; you should not do for your child what your child can do for himself. Well-hydrated and fed; a snack break can do wonders for helping to sustain attention. Try to choose healthy snacks which incorporate protein. Avoid sugary snacks or snacks lacking nutrients. Also, see if your child does better with a short break after school. Some kids have a hard time going straight from school into homework. Other kids, though, get too distracted by breaks and have a hard time refocusing. And make sure your child is getting plenty of exercise. Sometimes a little added activity can do wonders for focus. If your child does, however, you can take steps to help improve his or her social skills and relationships.


Question: Can I work with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: See a dietitian if possible. Work flexible hours and take breaks. If possible, take a leave of absence from work. Under the Family and Medical Leave Act, there may be eligibility for up to 12 weeks of leave because of the illness.


Question: What are the effects of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor on mental and emotional health?

Answer: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a type of cancer known as a soft tissue sarcoma that affects the GI tract. Your emotional and mental health may be impacted as well. The uncertainty of treatment, treatment outcome, concerns about the cancer returning, and the effects of GIST on family and friends are also stressful.


Question: What questions should I have after being diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a type of cancer known as a soft tissue sarcoma that affects the GI tract. Your emotional and mental health may be impacted as well.


Question: How are clinical trials conducted?

Answer: Clinical trials are generally divided into four phases: Phase I clinical trials involve giving a new treatment to a small number of participants. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment and how much of it can be given safely. Phase III clinical trials compare the new treatment with a placebo or a standard treatment. In this phase, researchers determine which study group has fewer side effects and is demonstrating the most improvement. Phase IV clinical trials, also called post-marketing studies, are conducted after a treatment has been approved. The purpose of these trials is to provide an opportunity to learn more details about the treatment and to address questions that may have come up during other phases of trials. This phase involves many more people and may identify side effects that were not previously reported during other phases. How does this study compare with standard treatment options?


Question: How can I ensure that I am getting enough antioxidants?

Answer: Most health organizations recommend eating five to nine servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Plus, it's a rich source of vitamin C. And spinach gives you beta carotene, vitamin C, folic acid, and magnesium.


Question: Are high-protein foods good for the immune system?

Answer: These can help keep your immune system strong. You need protein to build and repair body tissue and fight viral and bacterial infections. It's rare for anyone in the U. S. to be low on protein, and too much can be bad for your kidneys. Make sure you choose lean sources, such as beans and soy, lean beef, and skinless chicken or turkey.


Question: Does yogurt prevent colds?

Answer: Glutathione is another nutrient that helps the immune system work well so it can fight infections. Chicken soup appears to help fight colds in at least two research studies.


Question: Is zinc good for colds?

Answer: Glutathione is another nutrient that helps the immune system work well so it can fight infections. You need protein to build and repair body tissue and fight viral and bacterial infections. Also, research shows it may have a mild anti-inflammatory effect that can help ease cold symptoms.


Question: Does starving a cold work?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you're not quite sure how this saying goes, you can relax: Starving is never the correct answer. When you eat a good-for-you, well-balanced diet, many other things fall in place that keep your body working well. Foods that are rich in nutrients help fight infections and may help prevent illness. Antioxidants -- which include beta carotene and vitamins C and E -- are essential nutrients and can help keep your immune system strong.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation help multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Deep brain stimulation (or DBS) is a variation of an old surgery that may be used to treat tremors in people with conditions such as multiple sclerosis ( MS), Parkinson's disease, and essential tremor. In the case of multiple sclerosis, other problems such as loss of vision, sensation, or strength are not helped by deep brain stimulation.


Question: What is deep brain stimulation?

Answer: In the 1960s, surgery was used to destroy a small area deep in the brain called the thalamus (thalamotomy) or another part of the brain called the globus pallidus (pallidotomy). These surgeries are still done today, although less frequently because of the availability of deep brain stimulation. These surgeries carry significant risks: both thalamotomy and pallidotomy require purposeful destruction of areas of the brain. If the surgeon is off by even a fraction of an inch, the surgery may not be effective and severe complications such as paralysis, loss of vision, or loss of speech can result. The FDA has approved DBS to treat Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.


Question: Is deep brain stimulation considered experimental?

Answer: The electrode for deep brain stimulation is left in the brain. Dystonia is a type of movement disorder characterized by abnormal postures and twisting motions. The FDA has not specifically approved deep brain stimulation of the thalamus to treat multiple sclerosis.


Question: Has the FDA approved deep brain stimulation of the thalamus to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The FDA has approved DBS to treat Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. However, this does not mean that the treatment is experimental or that it would not be covered by insurance. There are many examples of treatments that are used every day but have not been approved by the FDA for a specific medical condition.


Question: Can stress lead to reproductive problems?

Answer: Knowing how to spot the signs and symptoms that you're under too much stress can help you stay aware and address the issues before they harm your health. But the truth is, stress itself can cause problems in your organs, tissues, and just about every system in your body.


Question: What is the point of getting a flu test?

Answer: A doctor can usually tell if you have the flu based on your symptoms, especially if it's during peak season. After the first 2 days, though, these meds won't do much for you. A flu test can also help your doctor rule out giving you antibiotics. Those don't work against viral infections like the flu. Some tests can help your doctor figure out which flu virus you have, influenza A or B.


Question: Is proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatable?

Answer: If you find and treat diabetic retinopathy early, you can slow or even reverse some forms of vision loss. Your doctor may target the retina with a special laser to shrink the new blood vessels. This laser procedure may keep your vision better longer. It works best if used before the fragile new vessels have started to bleed.


Question: How can managing blood sugar help with diabetes-related eyesight complications?

Answer: Steady blood sugar control can slow the damage to the tiny blood vessels in your eyes. This helps prevent or delay the start of eye problems linked to diabetes. Two to four times a year, have an A1c blood test, which measures your glucose levels for the past 2 to 3 months. This helps your doctor to better plan your treatment. Aim for a test result of around 7% or less. This helps keep your blood sugar levels healthy -- and gives you the best possible chance of keeping your eyesight strong.


Question: How can quitting smoking prevent diabetes-related eyesight complications?

Answer: Many studies have shown that you can cut your odds of losing your vision from retinopathy and macular edema with strict control of your blood sugars, blood pressure, and cholesterol. If you smoke, get help from your doctor, a support group, or a smoking cessation program so you have strength to quit -- and stay smoke-free. The American Cancer Society and other groups sponsor 800- QUIT- NOW, a web site and phone service that gives free advice and support for quitting.


Question: Can congested lungs be a heart failure symptom?

Answer: Lung congestion also causes a dry, hacking cough or wheezing. Bloating in your stomach may cause a loss of appetite or nausea.


Question: How can keeping a journal help you manage your ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Not only can it help you create an "eat this, not that" list, it can also help your doctor tell if you're getting the nutrition you need. It also helps to track how often you go to the bathroom, how much comes out, and the amount of blood you might be losing. Or do you not pee as much as you normally would? Make sure to keep track of your health on good days and bad.


Question: What are the side effects of taking biguanides to treat diabetes?

Answer: Biguanides: Metformin ( Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza, Fortamet, Riomet). Metformin is usually the first drug that doctors suggest you try to treat type 2 diabetes. It cuts blood sugar by improving the way your body uses insulin. It also lowers the amount of sugar that the liver makes. These problems usually go away in a few weeks, as your body gets used to the medicine. It may also help to take the drug with food. What are the side effects? Because these medicines affect your digestion, you may have gas, diarrhea, and stomach pain.


Question: What drugs can interfere with biguanides for diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor may need to monitor your blood sugar or adjust your metformin dose if you take any of these: Amiloride Cephalexin Cimetidine Digoxin Procainamide Pyrimethamine Quinidine Quinine Ranitidine Trimethoprim Vancomycin Anticholinergic drugs, such as dicyclomine and oxybutynin, may raise the amount of metformin your body absorbs. This may lead to low blood sugar. Some drugs affect the way that insulin works in the body.


Question: What can interact with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes?

Answer: You take alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with the first bite of each meal. They may also change the way warfarin works. Talk to your doctor if you take either of these drugs. SGLT2 inhibitors may also raise the amount of digoxin in the body.


Question: What can happen when taking drugs for diabetes?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about what you need to watch out for. Side effects can range from an upset stomach to a serious condition. And other medicines you take can make your diabetes drug stop working -- or even make it work too well. Your doctor may need to keep an eye on your blood sugar levels, adjust your dose, or change your medicine.


Question: What can interact with DPP-4 inhibitors for diabetes?

Answer: Some drugs can affect how your body processes meglitinides. Your doctor will want to track your blood sugar levels carefully and watch for potential side effects if you take these medicines: Atazanavir and ritonavir Clarithromycin and rifampin Diltiazem Ketoconazole ACE inhibitors combined with DPP-4 may raise your chance of swelling.


Question: What is the mouth's role in the digestive system?

Answer: Stop 1: The Mouth The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system, and, in fact, digestion starts here before you even take the first bite of a meal. The smell of food triggers the salivary glands in your mouth to secrete saliva, causing your mouth to water. Once you start chewing and breaking the food down into pieces small enough to be digested, other mechanisms come into play. It contains substances including enzymes that begin the process of breaking down food into a form your body can absorb and use. Chew your food more -- it also helps with your digestion.


Question: What is the small intestine's role in the digestive system?

Answer: Made up of three segments -- the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum -- the small intestine also breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. The small intestine is the 'work horse' of digestion, as this is where most nutrients are absorbed. What's leftover (the waste) moves into the large intestine (large bowel or colon).


Question: What is the role of the anus in the digestive system?

Answer: The digestive tract (or gastrointestinal tract) is a long twisting tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. It is made up of a series of muscles that coordinate the movement of food and other cells that produce enzymes and hormones to aid in the breakdown of food. The pelvic floor muscle creates an angle between the rectum and the anus that stops stool from coming out when it is not supposed to. The anal sphincters provide fine control of stool. When we get an urge to defecate (go to the bathroom), we rely on our external sphincter to keep the stool in until we can get to the toilet.


Question: How can I remove all contaminants from my drinking water?

Answer: Is the water you're drinking safe or would bottled water be safer? What can you do if your tap water suddenly became contaminated? That doesn't mean that your water is free of all contaminants, but that the levels of any contaminants don't pose any serious health risk.


Question: How can water be contaminated?

Answer: What can you do if your tap water suddenly became contaminated? It can contain microorganisms like bacteria and parasites that get in the water from human or animal fecal matter. It can contain chemicals from industrial waste or from spraying crops. Nitrates used in fertilizers can enter the water with runoff from the land. Various minerals such as lead or mercury can enter the water supply, sometimes from natural deposits underground, or more often from improper disposal of pollutants.


Question: Does boiling contaminated water make it safe to drink?

Answer: How contaminated water effects your health depends on the type of contaminants. Boiling water can kill germs, but things like lead, nitrates, and pesticides aren't affected. And since boiling reduces the volume of water, it increases the concentration of those contaminants.


Question: How can your tap water become contaminated?

Answer: Lead can leech into drinking water through old lead pipes. One argument advanced for the use of bottled water is its safety, yet there isn't the same guarantee of safety with bottled water as there is for the water in your tap.


Question: What are changes to look for that can indicate mood swings if you have bipolar disorder?

Answer: Even people who always take their medication and take care of their health can still have mood swings from time to time. But over time, you might start to see patterns or signs that you're entering a period of mania or depression. Aside from a shift in your mood, look for changes in your: Sleep patterns Energy level Alcohol or drug use Sex drive Self-esteem Concentration Mood episodes in bipolar disorder often happen suddenly, for no particular reason.


Question: What is the best way to manage mood swings with bipolar disorder?

Answer: During manic periods, you may be reckless and volatile. The best way to avoid mood swings is to get treatment. You may not be able to totally prevent bouts of mania or depression. Even people who always take their medication and take care of their health can still have mood swings from time to time. That's why it's important to catch changes in your mood, energy levels, and sleeping patterns before they turn into something serious. Most dangerous of all, mania can make you do things that risk your life or the lives of others.


Question: Could laryngeal cancer be causing you to lose your voice?

Answer: Here are some common things that you may be doing wrong: Speak, sing, yell, or cough too much Use a pitch that's higher or lower than normal when you talk Cradle your phone between your head and shoulder Cigarette smoke irritates your vocal cords, which can lead to long-term voice problems. Other symptoms for the disease are: Pain when swallowing Pain in the ear Trouble breathing Lump in the neck If your voice problems last for more than 2 weeks, see a doctor.


Question: Can losing my voice be a sign of throat cancer?

Answer: Here are some common things that you may be doing wrong: Speak, sing, yell, or cough too much Use a pitch that's higher or lower than normal when you talk Cradle your phone between your head and shoulder Cigarette smoke irritates your vocal cords, which can lead to long-term voice problems. Other symptoms for the disease are: Pain when swallowing Pain in the ear Trouble breathing Lump in the neck If your voice problems last for more than 2 weeks, see a doctor.


Question: How is the recurrence of prostate cancer detected?

Answer: At each follow-up appointment, your doctor will order a blood test to measure PSA levels. This test helps your doctor detect a cancer recurrence. You will also be examined. New symptoms should be reported to the doctor, as these may prompt other testing. If prostate cancer recurs, follow-up treatment depends on what treatment you have already had, the extent of your cancer, the site of recurrence, other illnesses, your age, and other aspects of your medical situation.


Question: What does a recurrence of prostate cancer mean?

Answer: Usually after surgery to remove the prostate, PSA levels in the blood decrease and eventually become almost undetectable. After radiation therapy, PSA levels usually drop to a stable and low level. If PSA levels begin to rise at any time after treatment, a local or distant recurrence may be occurring, requiring additional testing. Men who have cancer cells in the lymph nodes in the pelvic region may be more likely to have a recurrence. The higher the grade, the greater the chance of recurrence.


Question: Where does prostate cancer spread?

Answer: Prostate cancer can recur locally in the tissue next to the prostate or in the seminal vesicles (two small sacs next to the prostate that store semen). It also can travel through the bloodstream and recur distantly in bones or other organs. This spread is called metastasis. Metastases through the lymph channels are called lymphatic metastases, while those through the bloodstream are hematogenous, or blood-borne metastases.


Question: Where is prostate cancer found?

Answer: This spread is called metastasis. According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 100% of men with low- to intermediate-grade prostate cancer ( the most common types) can expect to live at least five years after the initial diagnosis. More than 90% of the time prostate cancer is discovered while it is either confined to the prostate gland or has spread beyond the prostate only to a small degree, referred to as regional spread. Among the less than 10% of men whose prostate cancers have already spread to distant part of the body at the time of diagnosis, about 30% are expected to survive at least five years.


Question: What type of follow-up treatments are recommended for my recurring prostate cancer?

Answer: The stage of a cancer is one of the most important factors for selecting treatment options, as well as for predicting future outlook of the cancer. Researchers are working on new drugs to block the effects of male hormones, which can cause prostate cancer to grow, and drugs to prevent prostate cancer growth.


Question: What are signs of a broken foot that needs immediate medical attention?

Answer: Bleeding doesn't stop after several minutes of firm pressure. Blood spurts from the wound. If the bone is pushing through the skin, do not touch it or try to put it back in place. Elevate the foot and have the person stay off it as much as possible.


Question: How can I lower my chances of kidney disease?

Answer: To lower your chances of getting kidney disease, you'll actually want to focus on two other conditions: diabetes and high blood pressure. They're two of the biggest threats to your kidneys. Many people have diabetes and/or high blood pressure and don't know it. So if it's been a while since your last checkup, you may want to schedule one. The things you do to take care of your heart and weight -- like eating a healthy diet, not smoking, limiting alcohol, staying active, and taking any medicines your doctor prescribes -- also are good for your kidneys.


Question: What can help me deal with holiday stress?

Answer: Make realistic expectations for the holiday season. Set realistic goals for yourself. Do not take on more responsibilities than you can handle. Make a list and prioritize the important activities. Do not put all your energy into just one day (i.e., Thanksgiving Day, New Year's Eve).


Question: How does insufficient dental care lead to gum recession?

Answer: When gum recession occurs, "pockets," or gaps, form between the teeth and gum line, making it easy for disease-causing bacteria to build up. During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself.


Question: How can I prevent gum recession?

Answer: If you brush your teeth too hard or the wrong way, it can cause the enamel on your teeth to wear away and your gums to recede. If you have gum recession, your dentist may want to see you more often. Always use a soft-bristled toothbrush and ask your dentist to show you the proper way to brush your teeth. If a misaligned bite or teeth grinding is the cause of gum recession, talk to your dentist about how to correct the problem. Other ways to prevent gum recession include: Quit smoking if you smoke. Eat a well balanced and healthy diet. Monitor changes that may occur in your mouth. By taking good care of your teeth, you can have a healthy smile forever.


Question: What is gum recession?

Answer: If left untreated, the supporting tissue and bone structures of the teeth can be severely damaged, and may ultimately result in tooth loss. During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself. After the regenerative material is put in place, the gum tissue is secured over the root of the tooth or teeth.


Question: How can masturbation help with erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: It depends in part on what's causing your ED. Therapy can also teach you other ways to take the stress out of sex, communicate with partners, and find more sexual stimulation.


Question: Does masturbation cause erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: But you might be able to keep an erection if you masturbate. Masturbation is normal and won't cause problems when you have sex with a partner. Can masturbation help treat ED? There's not much evidence that any sexual activity can keep you from getting the condition. But masturbation can play a role in helping with ED that's caused by stress, anxiety, or another psychological issue. If you're able to perform sexually, even with masturbation, you may feel more confident that you can get and keep an erection during sex with a partner.


Question: Can alternative therapies help bipolar disorder?

Answer: Bipolar disorder is not a condition that you can tackle on your own. If you're interested in trying one, talk to your doctor. There's no harm in trying things like massage or meditation, which don't have any risks. But be careful with other remedies, such as herbs or supplements. Some can keep the medications you take from working well. Never start taking anything without asking your doctor about it first.


Question: How can support groups help my bipolar disorder?

Answer: A therapist can help you: Work on your relationships with family, friends, and co-workers Find good ways to manage stress Solve problems at school or work Stick to your bipolar treatment and live a healthy life Get a new perspective on your situation Learn ways to talk to other people about your bipolar disorder Avoid situations that may trigger a manic or depressive episode, such as too little sleep or drug and alcohol use Make a plan for what to do if you become depressed or manic In addition to one-on-one therapy for bipolar disorder, you might want to try couples counseling or family therapy, depending on your situation. Although friends and family members care about you, they may not understand what you're going through. Some of them may be more critical than supportive. That's one reason to think about joining a support group for people who have the disorder. If you're interested in joining a support group, ask your doctor about organizations in your area, or contact the NAMI or the DBSA.


Question: What is a psychiatrist?

Answer: They may hold therapy sessions or work with non-medical therapists to treat you. These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. These can be prescribed by the therapist if they're a psychiatrist or by another doctor.


Question: What is the goal of psychoanalysis?

Answer: These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. Psychoanalysis is usually best for people who are struggling with problems around life satisfaction, relationships, and conflicts in pursuing personal or professional goals.


Question: What are naturopaths, and how do they treat mental illness?

Answer: They may specialize in areas such as marriage counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, or sex therapy. As part of a wellness plan or treatment, they may recommend other mental health therapists such as life coaches, psychologists, or other kinds of psychotherapists.


Question: How do non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) help treat HIV and AIDS?

Answer: NNRTIs bind to a specific protein so the HIV virus can't make copies of itself, similar to jamming a zipper. They're also called integrase strand transfer inhibitors ( INSTIs).


Question: How can pain relievers cause dry eye?

Answer: Many common drugs have dry eye as a side effect. Instead, talk to your doctor about it.


Question: What should I do if my medications cause dry eye?

Answer: Instead, talk to your doctor about it. You may be able to: Change the dose of your medication. Switch to a different medicine that doesn't cause dry eye. Try different contacts. Use artificial tears to keep your eyes moist.


Question: How can blood pressure medicines cause dry eyes?

Answer: They block your body's response to allergy triggers and prevent common symptoms like itching, sneezing, watery eyes, and a runny nose. That helps your blood pressure because it slows your heartbeat, which then lowers the force your blood puts on your arteries. One of the side effects is that your body makes less of one of the proteins that goes into your tears. That leads to fewer tears and dryer eyes. Beta-blockers can also lower the normal pressure in your eyes, which affects the amount of water in your tears, also a problem for dryness. Diuretics, also called water pills, are another medicine that's used for blood pressure. They help your body get rid of salt and water, which can also change the makeup of your tears.


Question: How can pain relievers cause dry eyes?

Answer: Many common drugs have dry eye as a side effect. Instead, talk to your doctor about it.


Question: What do your spirometry grades for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mean?

Answer: Your doctor will assign grades to these four things: How severe your current symptoms are Your spirometry results The chances that your COPD will get worse The presence of other health problems You'll answer some questions, either on the COPD Assessment Test ( CAT) or the Modified Medical Research Council (m MRC). These results have four grades, too: GOLD 1: Mild GOLD 2: Moderate GOLD 3: Severe GOLD 4: Very severe Another thing that's part of your overall COPD assessment is your exacerbation risk.


Question: How can radiation therapy help in treating pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: They're typically treated with surgery, medicine, or radiation. If your tumor makes prolactin, medicine can lower the amount it produces and cause it to shrink.


Question: How can medicine help in treating pituitary gland tumors?

Answer: When you have a genetic condition, you have a defect in one or more genes. If your tumor makes prolactin, medicine can lower the amount it produces and cause it to shrink. Drugs can also be helpful on tumors that make growth hormone, and in managing Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly.


Question: What are the causes of depression?

Answer: Experts believe depression is due to a combination of things: Brain structure. The way certain nerve pathways or circuits in your brain send information may not work properly. Scientists are studying certain genes that may make you more likely to get it. But even if you have them, you may not get depressed. Life events. People who have disturbing experiences in childhood are more likely to have depression. It may be from brain changes caused by trauma at a young age. Other conditions. Drug or alcohol abuse, illness, long-term pain, anxiety, sleep problems, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may also be linked to depression.


Question: What should you do if your medicine causes erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you which. If it is medication, and not just high blood pressure, switching to another prescription may solve the problem. Never stop taking medicine without your doctor's OK. But high blood pressure itself still could be to blame for your erectile dysfunction. In that case, ask about trying an erectile dysfunction drug like Cialis, Levitra, Stendra, Staxyn, or Viagra. You should only take these drugs once your high blood pressure is under control. They are not safe for men with untreated high blood pressure. They are also not safe for men taking alpha-blockers, or men taking nitrate drugs for heart disease.


Question: Which calcium channel blockers do not cause erectile dysfunction?

Answer: There are also drugs known as calcium channel blockers, such as Amlodipine, Diltiazem, or Verapamil. Your doctor can tell you which. Drugs known as ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers, like Losartan) are not only unlikely to cause erection problems, but they may improve sexual function in men with high blood pressure.


Question: How can photodynamic therapy help with actinic keratosis?

Answer: That's because the sun gives off ultraviolet ( UV) light that damages your skin and causes sunburn. Then your doctor will point a strong red or blue light at your skin to switch on the drug and destroy AK.


Question: How can you get sun or age spots?

Answer: Over time, these rays can lead to wrinkles, dark spots, and other problem areas. Your skin makes a chemical called melanin to protect itself against UV rays. Too much sun can cause a clump of it to form, which shows up as a flat brown or black spot.


Question: Is it normal to not feel back to normal after finishing cancer treatment?

Answer: They probably don't realize the cancer experience can still affect you. Instead of feeling excited or happy, you might feel blue, anxious, let down, or even scared. Those feelings are normal. Just because the doctor says you're cured or in remission doesn't mean the stress of having cancer suddenly goes away. Dealing with a life-threatening illness can change the way you feel and how you approach life, even after you're in remission. But there's a lot you can do to make the transition from a person with cancer to survivor -- and feel good again. During chemotherapy and radiation, you had help from friends, family, and your medical team.


Question: What is phantom limb pain?

Answer: So it's no surprise that phantom limb pain is not the same for everyone. Drugs such as codeine and morphine may ease phantom limb pain for some people, but not everyone. When you put your limb and stump inside, you see the reflection of the intact arm or leg in the mirror.


Question: What are Piaget's stages of development?

Answer: The Piaget stages of development is a blueprint that describes the stages of normal intellectual development, from infancy through adulthood. Although Piaget believed in lifelong intellectual development, he insisted that the formal operational stage is the final stage of cognitive development, and that continued intellectual development in adults depends on the accumulation of knowledge.


Question: What are Piaget's four stages of intellectual development?

Answer: Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood (age 7) Concrete operational. Ages 7 to 12 Formal operational. Adolescence through adulthood Piaget acknowledged that some children may pass through the stages at different ages than the averages noted above and that some children may show characteristics of more than one stage at a given time. But he insisted that cognitive development always follows this sequence, that stages cannot be skipped, and that each stage is marked by new intellectual abilities and a more complex understanding of the world. Near the end of the sensorimotor stage (18-24 months), infants reach another important milestone -- early language development, a sign that they are developing some symbolic abilities.


Question: Is testicular cancer curable?

Answer: If you or a loved one has testicular cancer, you should know it's very often curable. Treatment almost always involves surgery to remove a testicle. You can follow up with radiation or chemotherapy if the doctor finds the cancer has spread. Other parts of the body may be treated as well.


Question: How can I talk to my child about bedwetting?

Answer: If you feel angry or frustrated because you have a wet bed to clean up yet again, don't direct your feelings toward your child. Bedwetting isn't something your child can control. You can help him see that it's a problem that he will outgrow. If you have other children, let them know that there will be no teasing about bedwetting. Be ready to enforce this rule.


Question: Are there habits I can encourage to help my child limit his bedwetting?

Answer: When your child wets the bed, you want to help him outgrow the problem the right way. Be ready to enforce this rule. It won't stop bedwetting, but it can reduce the amount of pee that might end up in bed. Just before bedtime, they think about waking up dry.


Question: Can changing my child's drinking habits help with his bedwetting?

Answer: Meanwhile, there are things that you and your and child can do to help the process along and to make it easier to handle. Some kids who worry that they'll wet the bed don't quench their thirst all day. By evening, they're so thirsty, they drink a lot. Encourage your child to drink more during the day, and allow one drink with dinner (no refills). Make that the final drink of the evening, and there won't be too much liquid in his system as bedtime approaches.


Question: What can I do to protect the mattress if my child has a problem with bedwetting?

Answer: Meanwhile, there are things that you and your and child can do to help the process along and to make it easier to handle. Probably not. Caffeine makes the body speed up the pee-making process.


Question: Should my child who has a problen with bedwetting skip sleepovers?

Answer: If you have other children, let them know that there will be no teasing about bedwetting. Some kids who worry that they'll wet the bed don't quench their thirst all day. Tuck items like disposable underwear or a waterproof sleeping-bag liner into your child's bag so he won't worry that a wet spot will set him apart. You can also send extra clothing in a plastic bag, in case what he's wearing gets wet. He can put any wet garments in the bag.


Question: Can diet and exercise prevent colorectal cancer?

Answer: It is also believed that eating a healthy diet with plenty of fiber, not smoking, and getting exercise may help prevent colorectal cancer. The National Cancer Institute recommends a low-fat, high-fiber diet that includes at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. To reduce fat in your diet, you can change your eating and cooking habits. To increase the amount of fiber in your diet, eat more vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain breads and cereals.


Question: Does a teenager with ADHD have a higher risk of alcohol and drug abuse?

Answer: Teens with ADHD are two to four times more likely to have a car accident than teens without ADHD. They are also more likely to have problems from drinking. In studies, teens with ADHD were twice as likely as other teens to have abused alcohol within the past 6 months and three times as likely to abuse drugs other than marijuana . Getting the right treatment for ADHD may actually help to decrease the risk of later alcohol and drug abuse.


Question: How can you improve your toddler's bowel habits?

Answer: Some children are embarrassed or afraid to use the toilet, especially when it's a public restroom. Make sure your toddler gets out to play for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day. Put a small stool under your child's feet -- the leverage will help him push. Reward your toddler for using the toilet with a special story or a sticker so it becomes a positive experience.


Question: Is it normal for your toddler to have constipation?

Answer: So how do you know if infrequent bathroom visits are normal for your child, or if you really have a constipated toddler? But if your toddler's constipation lasts for two weeks or more it's called chronic constipation, and you should see your pediatrician.


Question: How can you treat your toddler's constipation caused by diet?

Answer: The culprit in many cases of toddler constipation is a diet that's too heavy in processed foods, dairy, and sweets, and too light in fiber (like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables). Any change in diet -- such as when your toddler transitions from breast milk or formula to cow's milk or starts eating new foods -- can also affect the stools. Make sure your toddler gets out to play for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day.


Question: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by a fear of discomfort?

Answer: Also, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, any child with stools that are large, hard, dry, and accompanied by painful bowel movements, soiling between bowel movements, or blood on the outside of the stool may have constipation. Not using the bathroom can turn into an uncomfortable cycle. Stool begins to build up in the lower part of the bowel, getting bigger and harder until it's even more difficult and painful to pass.


Question: What should you keep track of if your child has constipation?

Answer: Also, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, any child with stools that are large, hard, dry, and accompanied by painful bowel movements, soiling between bowel movements, or blood on the outside of the stool may have constipation. You should also look for other symptoms that can occur along with constipation, such as: Stomachache Bloating Nausea Loss of appetite General crankiness Crying or screaming during bowel movements Avoiding the toilet (signs that your child is doing this include clenching the buttocks, crossing the legs, turning red, sweating, or crying) Smears or bits of liquid stool in the diaper or underwear (soiling) A variety of things can cause constipation in toddlers, from diet to medication.


Question: What are blocked hair follicles?

Answer: If your hair follicles get blocked in areas where you also have many oil and sweat glands, you may first notice them as pimple-like bumps on your skin. The condition is also called hidradenitis suppurativa ( HS) or acne inversa. It happens when the shafts where hair grows out of your skin, called follicles, get blocked. There's no cure for the condition, but treatments can make flares happen less often. They may get thicker over time.


Question: What are epidural injections?

Answer: Spinal stenosis, which means that the spine has narrowed. These shots include a steroid medicine, also called corticosteroid, and usually an anesthetic medicine, too. How effective they are isn't clear yet. Their effects seem to only last a short time and offer modest pain relief. So these might not be something you'd get for long-term back pain. And if your back pain started suddenly, there are other treatments your doctor would probably consider first.


Question: How can I help my loved one who has hearing loss?

Answer: If you act like nothing's different, it can make it harder for your loved one to get used to living with hearing loss. If your loved one seems hesitant to make changes, know that it's normal. If you're concerned about the way he's behaving, talk to him directly about it instead of telling others you're worried. Try to stay positive and relaxed. The more supportive you are, the easier it will be for your loved one to adjust and get help.


Question: Should you mention it if someone seems to have hearing loss?

Answer: If you act like nothing's different, it can make it harder for your loved one to get used to living with hearing loss. Hearing aids can help with hearing loss. The more supportive you are, the easier it will be for your loved one to adjust and get help.


Question: What support does someone need when they have hearing problems?

Answer: He should be working with a hearing specialist, such as an audiologist or an ear, nose, and throat doctor. Ask if you can take him to or join him at appointments. It also may help him to meet other people with hearing loss. Your loved one's hearing specialist may be able to recommend a support group.


Question: How is myelofibrosis diagnosed?

Answer: Because every case is different, a physical exam, blood tests, and other tests are all key to help figure out if you have the disease. He'll test a sample of your blood for signs of anemia. The numbers and types of cells in the marrow will help him decide if you have myelofibrosis.


Question: How can gene tests help in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis?

Answer: They may call them mutations. They're often seen with myelofibrosis. An MRI can look for changes in bone marrow that can be signs of myelofibrosis.


Question: Where can I find a support group for caregivers?

Answer: Accept your experience. Schedule them in, if you can. And you can share tips with other caregivers.


Question: What are some things I can do to take care of my physical health if I'm a caregiver?

Answer: If you feel like you're not doing enough, imagine if you weren't there -- look at the difference you make every day. Remember, tending to yourself means you'll be a better caregiver. Try to: Eat healthy Exercise 30 minutes a day Get enough sleep Keep your own doctor's appointments Meditate or do yoga Focus on the positive.


Question: Who can I talk to about my caregiver stress?

Answer: If family or friends can't buy you time, check with a faith-based or community group. Talk to friends or family who give you positive support. A therapist can be a great help, too.


Question: How does it help me to accept my feelings when I'm a caregiver?

Answer: Emotions just arise whether you want them to or not. You can't control them. And the only thing they say about you is that you're human. The key is to let them be there and try not to act on them. See if you can understand what triggers a feeling. It may guide you to a solution.


Question: How can I keep up with my social life if I'm a caregiver?

Answer: Also, exercise and social activities are great ways to handle sadness and depression. And keep up with hobbies, community groups, and activities that bring you joy and meaning. If family or friends can't buy you time, check with a faith-based or community group. For example, maybe you feel: A sense of purpose in your life Closer to your loved one Fulfilled in giving back to someone you love Good about yourself Pleased to model caregiving for your children so they might do the same someday Satisfied knowing that your loved one gets great care


Question: What is L-tryptophan?

Answer: Serotonin helps control your mood and sleep. The theory is that these conditions may be linked to a problem with serotonin processing in the body, and that L-tryptophan could help that.


Question: Can L-tryptophan help with some mental health disorders?

Answer: Some people take L-tryptophan supplements to try to help them sleep. There is limited research to back these claims and studies show mixed results in supporting these claims. The supplements have since been re-introduced to the U. S. market.


Question: What happens during a radioactive seed implant for prostate cancer?

Answer: A radiation oncologist and urologist perform the procedure. Both physicians are actively involved in all aspects of the implantation, from the planning to the post-operative care. During the procedure, the urologist provides ultrasound guidance and the radiation oncologist places the radioactive seeds. After a period of minutes both the needles and the radioactive material are removed. Urinary symptoms are the most common.


Question: What are radioactive seed implants?

Answer: Brachytherapy, or internal radiation therapy, are also terms used to describe this procedure. There are two types of prostate brachytherapy: permanent and temporary. Results from this treatment approach show that in patients with similar types of prostate cancer, brachytherapy alone or in combination with external beam radiation therapy appears as effective as a radical prostatectomy and regular external radiation therapy.


Question: How is a temporary (high dose rate) brachytherapy done to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: With this technique, hollow needles or hollow catheters are placed into the prostate gland, which are then filled with radioactive material (iridium-192 or cesium 137) for 5-15 minutes. After a period of minutes both the needles and the radioactive material are removed.


Question: Who can get radioactive seed implants to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Radioactive seed implants are a form of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Therefore, the best candidates for these procedures are patients who have a cancer that is contained within the prostate and is not very aggressive. Rectal bleeding occurs in less than 1% of patients.


Question: How is a permanent (low dose rate) brachytherapy done to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Anywhere from 40 to 100 seeds are commonly implanted. The implants remain in place permanently, and become biologically inert (no longer useful) after a period of months. This technique allows a high dose of radiation to be delivered to the prostate with limited damage to surrounding tissues. With this technique, hollow needles or hollow catheters are placed into the prostate gland, which are then filled with radioactive material (iridium-192 or cesium 137) for 5-15 minutes. Another option is for the ultrasound and treatment plan to be done at the same time as the radioactive seeds are implanted.


Question: How can I avoid indoor allergens to ease eczema symptoms?

Answer: Sweating dries out your skin, and the salt in sweat can sting and irritate it. Wear layers, and take them off and put them on as needed to stay comfortable.


Question: Are summer weather and sweat bad for eczema?

Answer: Hot, cold, humid, and dry -- any type of weather can cause an eczema flare-up in some people. Others find that the hot weather triggers prickly heat and a frenzy of scratching. To ease symptoms, try these tips: Don't get too sweaty. Sweating dries out your skin, and the salt in sweat can sting and irritate it. So try to stay cool. Take it easy on hot days and stick to indoor activities. Use air conditioning or a fan if you need one.


Question: Why should you avoid hot water for showers or baths if you have eczema?

Answer: If you're outside more in the warmer months and huddled under a blanket in the winter, you'll be exposed to different eczema triggers in different seasons. Hot water can trigger symptoms, especially if you're changing temperatures quickly -- like coming inside from shoveling snow and hopping into a hot bath.


Question: What are other treatment options for gastroparesis?

Answer: Bezoars can cause obstructions in the stomach that keep food from passing into the small intestine. This can relax the valve, keeping it open for a longer period of time to allow the stomach to empty. Another treatment option is intravenous or parenteral nutrition. This is a feeding method in which nutrients go directly into the bloodstream through a catheter placed into a vein in your chest. Parenteral nutrition is intended to be a temporary measure for a severe case of gastroparesis.


Question: What are periungual warts?

Answer: Here are some ways to recognize common warts: Common warts are small, hard, rough lumps that are round and elevated. They appear at the edges of fingernails and toenails and may extend under the nails, causing pain and irregular nail growth.


Question: How can you prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: And if you don't treat this infection, there's a chance it could get worse. Wear shower shoes in public pools, bathrooms, and locker rooms -- and even in your own bathroom. Change your shoes and socks every day. Wear ones that breathe and don't fit too tight. Trim your nails short and straight across. See your doctor if you think your fungus has come back.


Question: What are non-prescription options for toenail fungus?

Answer: But nail fungus doesn't go away by itself. And if you don't treat this infection, there's a chance it could get worse. Here's a look at what you can try. Prescription polish and creams.


Question: How do prescription polish and creams treat toenail fungus?

Answer: You can buy antifungal creams, gels, and nail polish at the store and online without a prescription. Your foot doctor will likely trim your nail and file away its dead layers. He may also take a piece of your nail and send it to the lab to make sure it's really a fungus, and to find out what type it is. The doctor might suggest an antifungal drug that you paint on your nails. This may work on its own, or he may suggest you take it with antifungal pills.


Question: What happens in my brain during a panic attack?

Answer: These episodes of extreme fear often happen without warning. It's possible that the parts of the brain that are tied to fear become more active during an episode. One recent study found that people with panic disorder had lots of activity in a part of their brains tied to the âfight or flightâ response. Other studies have found possible links between panic disorder and the chemicals in your brain. The condition may also be linked to an imbalance in serotonin levels, which can affect your moods.


Question: What should you do if you have a panic attack?

Answer: These episodes of extreme fear often happen without warning. To get through a panic attack, try to take control of your breathing first. Find a place where you can sit or be comfortable. Concentrate on making your breath slow and even. Try to inhale through your nose for 4 seconds, hold it for 2 seconds, then exhale through your mouth for 6 seconds. Tell yourself that you're not in danger and that the attack will pass. If you're not sure if you're having a panic attack, it's a good idea to go to the hospital to rule out any other health problems. Panic disorder is one of the most treatable types of anxiety disorders. Medication and a type of talk therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy can help. See your doctor if you have panic attacks often.


Question: What happens inside my body during a panic attack?

Answer: These episodes of extreme fear often happen without warning. Your body's âfight or flightâ response is behind these intense physical symptoms. Normally when you encounter a threat -- whether it's a grizzly bear or a swerving car -- your nervous system springs into action. The hormone adrenaline floods into your bloodstream, putting your body on high alert. Your heartbeat quickens, which sends more blood to your muscles. Your breathing becomes fast and shallow, so you can take in more oxygen. Your blood sugar spikes. Your senses get sharper. All of these changes -- which happen in an instant -- give you the energy you need to confront a dangerous situation or get out of harm's way quickly. With random panic attacks, your body goes on alert for no reason.


Question: What does a panic attack feel like?

Answer: You can't catch your breath. You feel consumed by fear and may even think you're dying -- even though you're really in no danger. This is what it feels like to have a panic attack. These episodes of extreme fear often happen without warning. You may have one or more panic attacks during your life, or you may never have one. Your body's âfight or flightâ response is behind these intense physical symptoms.


Question: What causes sudden hair loss?

Answer: Other types of hair loss tend to happen faster than male pattern baldness. Other causes include: Diseases like anemia or a thyroid problem Radiation or chemotherapy treatments Medications, such as blood thinners, high doses of vitamin A, and steroids that some men take to help build muscle, called anabolic steroids Scalp infections Problems with your diet, like getting too little iron or too much vitamin A Stress Keeping hairstyles like tight ponytails, cornrows, or braids for many years For most of these issues, your hair will grow back once you take care of what's causing it. Male pattern baldness generally isn't a sign of a serious medical problem, but it has been linked with some other conditions including coronary heart disease, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure.


Question: Can I have sex during a genital herpes outbreak?

Answer: Avoid these sexual activities when you have sores on your genitals, or when you feel a herpes outbreak coming on: Vaginal sex Anal sex Receiving oral sex (fellatio, cunnilingus, and analingus) Between outbreaks, it's OK to have sex, as long as your partner understands and accepts the risk. To help prevent that, always use a latex condom for vaginal sex, anal sex, and receiving fellatio. Just make sure you don't have any broken skin on your hands, and wash hands with soap and warm water afterward. Also, never touch a herpes sore and then touch your partner, and make sure no bodily fluids could be exchanged by accident. If you and your partner like vibrators or dildos, you could try using them on each other. Make sure you wash the toy before and after, and don't share it.


Question: Who should get the pneumonia vaccine?

Answer: Pneumonia is inflammation or swelling in the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other fluids, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. Symptoms include: High fever (up to 105 degrees) Drowsiness Rapid breathing Chills Cough with mucus (may be greenish or have blood) Chest pain Blue tint on lips or under the nails (severe cases) You should get the pneumonia vaccine if you: Are over age 65. Have a chronic illness, such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, heart disease, or lung disease. Have HIV or AIDS. Have a weak immune system from another cause, such as from certain kidney diseases and some cancers, or have had your spleen removed. Are taking drugs, such as prednisone that weaken the immune system.


Question: What are symptoms of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer: Pneumonia is inflammation or swelling in the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other fluids, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. Pneumonia can be typical or atypical. Symptoms include: High fever (up to 105 degrees) Drowsiness Rapid breathing Chills Cough with mucus (may be greenish or have blood) Chest pain Blue tint on lips or under the nails (severe cases) You should get the pneumonia vaccine if you: Are over age 65.


Question: What are the main types of steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma?

Answer: The key treatments for asthma are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs. Other anti-inflammatory treatments include leukotriene modifiers, anticholinergics, and immunomodulators.


Question: What are the side effects of anticholinergics for asthma?

Answer: The most common side effects of leukotriene modifiers are headache,nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and irritability. Other reactions include dizziness, diarrhea, cough, allergic rhinitis, urinary tract infections and urinary retention, yeast infections in the mouth or throat, and high blood pressure (hypertension).


Question: What are the side effects of leukotriene modifiers for asthma?

Answer: Leukotriene modifiers may interfere with other medications (for example, theophylline and the blood thinnerwarfarin). Make sure you inform your doctor of all the medications you are taking. The most common side effects are pharyngitis, headache, bronchitis, and sinusitis.


Question: How is asthma treated?

Answer: The key treatments for asthma are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs. As a result, the airways are less inflamed and less likely to react to asthma triggers , allowing people with symptoms of asthma to have better control over their condition. These steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs, the cornerstone of asthma therapy. Prednisone and other steroid drugs may be used to help control sudden and severe asthma attacks or in rare cases to treat long-term, hard-to-control asthma.


Question: How can ocular rosacea affect your eyes?

Answer: There's a related condition called ocular rosacea that can cause dry eye. They're located on the rim of your upper and lower eyelids -- the spot where they meet when your eyes close. These glands make the oily surface layer on the eyes, which keeps them moist and prevents tears from drying up. Ocular rosacea may also damage the lacrimal gland, which makes tears. As with ocular rosacea and blepharitis, pruritus may involve problems with the glands on the eyelids.


Question: How can blepharitis affect your eyes?

Answer: There's a related condition called ocular rosacea that can cause dry eye. When you have blepharitis, your eyelids become inflamed or swollen. Blepharitis that's on the inside of your eyelid (the part that touches the eyeball) is called posterior blepharitis. Blepharitis that affects the place where your lashes attach to the eyelid, called anterior blepharitis, can be caused by scalp or eyebrow dandruff. As with ocular rosacea and blepharitis, pruritus may involve problems with the glands on the eyelids.


Question: How can pruritus cause dry eye?

Answer: Rosacea, blepharitis, and pruritus on the eyelids or near the eye are some of the skin conditions that are linked to dry eye. Pruritus is the medical term for itching. Various skin problems can cause it. Besides feeling itchy, you may get swelling of the area around your eyelid or scales on your eyelids. As with ocular rosacea and blepharitis, pruritus may involve problems with the glands on the eyelids. The itchiness may stop at night, possibly because closed eyelids keep the oily film made by the glands in place, which prevents your tears from drying up.


Question: When do I need a tooth extraction for an infection?

Answer: Infection. If periodontal disease -- an infection of the tissues and bones that surround and support the teeth -- have caused loosening of the teeth, it may be necessary to the pull the tooth or teeth.


Question: What should I tell your dentist before I have a tooth pulled?

Answer: Having a tooth pulled in adulthood is sometimes necessary. Risk of infection. If you have a condition that puts you at high risk for developing a severe infection, you may need to take antibiotics before and after the extraction. Before having a tooth pulled, let your dentist know your complete medical history, the medications and supplements you take, and if you have one of the following: Damaged or man-made heart valves Congenital heart defect Impaired immune system Liver disease (cirrhosis) Artificial joint, such as a hip replacement History of bacterial endocarditis Following an extraction, your dentist will send you home to recover.


Question: What are some questions to ask about the treatment for tinnitus?

Answer: What is tinnitus? You may want to ask your doctor these questions to learn about your options: What are the treatments for tinnitus? Are there any risks or side effects from the treatment? What can I do on my own to manage tinnitus? How can I stop tinnitus from getting worse?


Question: What are questions doctors might ask to diagnose tinnitus?

Answer: What over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or natural remedies do you take, if any? Have you ever had any head or neck injuries? You may want to ask your doctor these questions to learn about your options: What are the treatments for tinnitus?


Question: What should patients ask their doctor about tinnitus?

Answer: Loud noises and aging are common causes of tinnitus. Ask your doctor these questions so you better understand your condition. Can you tell what's causing my tinnitus? Will it go away on its own? Can other people hear the noise in my ears? Will tinnitus damage my hearing? Does having tinnitus mean I have hearing loss?


Question: What is the goal of a physical exam  when diagnosing depression?

Answer: Again, the goal with a physical exam is usually to rule out another medical cause for depression. Other endocrine disorders associated with depression include hyperthyroidism -- caused by an overactive thyroid -- and Cushing's disease -- a disorder of the adrenal gland.


Question: What depression screening instruments  measure the severity of depression?

Answer: Your doctor can usually tell if you have depression by asking you specific questions and doing a physical exam. Examples include: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ( PHQ-9) -- a 9-item self-administered diagnostic screening and severity tool based on current diagnostic criteria for major depression Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI), -- a 21-question multiple-choice self-report that measures the severity of depression symptoms and feelings Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale -- a short survey that measures the level of depression, ranging from normal to severely depressed Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale ( CES- D) -- an instrument that allows patients to evaluate their feelings, behavior, and outlook from the previous week Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HRSD), also known as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS) or abbreviated to HAM- D -- a multiple choice questionnaire that doctors may use to rate the severity of a patient's depression When you take a test or inventory, you may feel uncomfortable responding honestly to questions or statements that are made.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose depression?

Answer: In most cases, the doctor will do a physical exam and ask for specific lab tests to make sure your depression symptoms aren't related to a condition such as thyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency, or another medical problem. If your symptoms are related to another serious illness, treating that illness may also help ease the depression. Your doctor can usually tell if you have depression by asking you specific questions and doing a physical exam.


Question: How can lumbar puncture (spinal tap) help in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML affects immature blood cells called stem cells that grow into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Lumbar Puncture ( Spinal Tap) This test uses a needle to remove a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF), the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. The CSF is examined under a microscope to see if it contains leukemia cells.


Question: What gene tests can help diagnose acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML affects immature blood cells called stem cells that grow into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. These tests look for immature or abnormal cells in your blood and bone marrow: Blood tests Bone marrow tests Lumbar puncture Imaging tests Gene tests Blood Tests During a blood test, your doctor uses a needle to take a sample of blood from a vein in your arm. Gene Tests There are several forms of AML. Your doctor can find out which one you have by looking for gene changes in a sample of your blood or bone marrow. These tests include: Cytogenetic analysis looks for chromosome changes in your cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH) looks for abnormal chromosomes in your cells using special dyes that attach to certain parts of the chromosome. Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) uses chemicals to find changes in genes.


Question: How can peripheral blood smear help in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML affects immature blood cells called stem cells that grow into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Peripheral blood smear.


Question: How can bone marrow test help in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML affects immature blood cells called stem cells that grow into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Bone Marrow Test To confirm that you have AML, you'll also need a bone marrow test. The doctor will place a needle into a bone -- usually near your hip -- and remove a little bit of fluid or a small piece of bone. The sample will go to a lab for testing. A doctor called a pathologist will look at your cells under a microscope. If 20% or more of the blood cells in your bone marrow are immature, you may be diagnosed with AML.


Question: How can complete blood count (CBC) help in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML affects immature blood cells called stem cells that grow into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This test checks how many white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets you have. With AML, you may have more white blood cells and fewer red blood cells and platelets than normal.


Question: How can surgery help treat nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease?

Answer: Clinical trials are underway for a new type of drug to treat MAC-related NTM lung disease. Antibiotics alone may not clear up your infection or ease your symptoms. Some people also need surgery to take out damaged lung tissue. Surgery along with antibiotics can clear up an NTM lung infection in many people.


Question: How can you prevent nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease?

Answer: Clinical trials are underway for a new type of drug to treat MAC-related NTM lung disease. These bacteria are often found in water or moist places, so take these easy steps: Avoid hot tubs or spas. If you have a hot tub, make sure it's outside your house.


Question: What are some complementary treatments for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease?

Answer: Others require ongoing treatments to keep their disease under control. You'll need to take antibiotics. Clinical trials are underway for a new type of drug to treat MAC-related NTM lung disease. There are other things you can try to ease your symptoms and help clear up your infection. Talk to your doctor first if you'd like to try any of these therapies: Nebulized hypertonic saline: A machine called a nebulizer sprays sterile, salty water into your airways to help clear mucus from your lungs. High-frequency chest wall oscillation: This device loosens mucus in your lungs. Physical therapy Huff cough, a technique to clear out the gunk You can also: Get some aerobic exercise.


Question: What can you expect with treatment for mild nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease?

Answer: You'll cough up some mucus and she'll send it to a lab for tests. You can stop taking the meds when the results have come back negative for a year. To treat it, you'll probably take azithromycin or clarithromycin to start. If they don't help, the doctor will switch you to ethambutol with or without rifabutin.


Question: How can palliative care help with  nontuberculous mycobacterial  (NTM) lung disease?

Answer: Clinical trials are underway for a new type of drug to treat MAC-related NTM lung disease. Lung disease symptoms and the treatments for them may make you feel awful at times. At any point in your life with lung disease, ask your doctor about palliative care to help you feel more comfortable. Palliative care is any treatment that helps to ease symptoms or just make you feel better. You may need oxygen therapy to help you breathe more easily, take meds for your upset stomach, or see a counselor to deal with stress.


Question: Am I a candidate for weight loss surgery?

Answer: You're committed to making lifestyle changes to keep the weight off. It limits how much you can eat. If you had any medical conditions related to obesity, those usually improve after weight loss surgery.


Question: What are side effects of weight loss surgery?

Answer: It also means your body doesn't get as much of a chance to absorb nutrients from your food, which could mean you don't get enough of the vitamins and minerals you need. The device is implanted in the abdomen and has a remote control that can adjust it from outside the body. Symptoms include nausea, weakness, sweating, faintness, diarrhea after eating, and not being able to eat sweets without feeling very weak.


Question: What are feeding tips for your 12-month-old baby?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Possibly give your baby vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, or another (booster) shot of a vaccine your baby has already had Recommend a flu shot if it's fall or winter Is your baby pulling up? When do I need to wean my baby from a bottle? Your baby may be pickier and less interested in food. This is a good time to grow his taste buds. Remember, baby may not like a particular food on the first try. But keep trying! Giving fruit is ALWAYS better than juice. Limit juice to ½ cup a day. Water is even better. Unless your baby's doctor suggests 2%, your baby should start drinking whole milk now because he needs the fat for growth. What are good toys for babies at this age? Your baby will need to be in a rear-facing car seat until age 2.


Question: What are baby development tips?

Answer: Remember, baby may not like a particular food on the first try. Make time to read, play, and talk to your baby each day. When you're with baby, say the names of things to help his language skills. Pull toys, blocks for stacking and building, and balls are good for this age. TV or media is not a good idea. Try putting on music instead. Make sure your home is baby-proofed for the safety of your mobile or nearly mobile baby. Your baby will need to be in a rear-facing car seat until age 2. Never leave baby alone in the car.


Question: What are feeding tips for your 12 month baby?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Possibly give your baby vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, or another (booster) shot of a vaccine your baby has already had Recommend a flu shot if it's fall or winter Is your baby pulling up? Remember, baby may not like a particular food on the first try. But keep trying! Giving fruit is ALWAYS better than juice. Limit juice to ½ cup a day. Water is even better. Unless your baby's doctor suggests 2%, your baby should start drinking whole milk now because he needs the fat for growth. If you are weaning your baby from the bottle, wean gradually, first at mealtimes and finally before bed. Putting just water in baby's bottle may help with weaning.


Question: How can I best prepare for my appointments with my multiple sclerosis doctor?

Answer: Do your best to find a doctor who you're comfortable with -- someone who respects and listens to you. Be as prepared as you can for your appointments. Some steps to try: Keep track of how you're feeling in a notebook, but remember that your symptoms may not all be due to MS. Note how often the symptoms happen, when you have them, and how bad they usually are. Give your doctor an updated list of all your medications and contact information for other doctors. Bring a list of your top questions to each of your visits. Ask your doctor about your biggest worry first. Are you feeling more depressed or anxious? Having trouble staying focused? Your doctor won't be able to guess what's on your mind. Speak up, even about issues that are hard to discuss, such as sexual changes, mood problems, or bowel troubles. Be as clear and concise as you can, but don't be afraid to ask for help understanding or for more information.


Question: What are the most common drug allergies?

Answer: Other meds commonly found to cause allergic reactions include sulfa drugs, barbiturates, anti-seizure drugs, and insulin. Getting an allergy test to find out if the severe reaction was a "true" allergic response isn't needed if there are other drug options.


Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I stick to a schedule to normalize my bowel movement?

Answer: If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. Try going right after meals since eating is a natural way to prompt a bowel movement. Try to wait no more than 2 to 3 days between bowel movements.


Question: How does sticking to a schedule get bowel movements back to normal?

Answer: If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. Try going right after meals since eating is a natural way to prompt a bowel movement. Try to wait no more than 2 to 3 days between bowel movements.


Question: How can I control my diarrhea?

Answer: Diarrhea . Drink more liquids to make up for what your body is losing. Try water, lemonade or fruit-flavored drinks, fruit or vegetable juice, broth, milk, or soup. Talk with your doctor or dietitian about how much fiber you should eat. Eat soft foods that have a lot of liquid, such as sherbet, yogurt, and pudding. Ask your doctor whether changing your medications might help relieve the diarrhea.


Question: Can breastfeeding help with birth control?

Answer: Can I get pregnant if I'm already pregnant? I'm breastfeeding.


Question: Are certain sex positions effective birth control?

Answer: Even if the man removes his penis before he ejaculates, sperm in the pre-ejaculate can still get the woman pregnant. This may be caused by ejaculation near the vagina. You'll get pregnant anytime sperm fertilizes an egg, whether or not there's an orgasm involved. Some people think that certain positions, such as standing up, keep sperm from entering the vagina.


Question: Can douching keep me from getting pregnant?

Answer: This is called the rhythm method. Even if it seems like the ejaculate would fall out of your body, enough of the sperm could enter and can lead to pregnancy.


Question: What is electrical stimulation for overactive bladder (OAB)?

Answer: Electrical stimulation may give you better control over the muscles in your bladder, a sac-shaped organ that holds your urine. Your doctor may recommend it if medicine, pelvic exercise, and other lifestyle changes haven't worked for you. It might take some trial and error to find the right treatment for your OAB.


Question: How does percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for overactive bladder (OAB) work?

Answer: One requires surgery. Sacral nerve stimulation ( SNS). The wire connects to a battery-powered device called a stimulator that you wear outside your body. A stimulator on the outside of your body sends electrical impulses through the needle to the nerve, and on to other nerves in your spine that control your bladder. Each PTNS treatment takes about 30 minutes. Usually, you'll have 12 sessions, once a week. You might need more sessions to keep seeing results.


Question: Can herbal treatment help IBS-D?

Answer: They shouldn't take the place of your regular treatment, but they can work with it. You can take these as supplement pills or liquids, or add them to your food. Make sure to talk with your doctor before taking any of the supplements below. Acupuncture may ease your stress and help you relax.


Question: What are some natural remedies from irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: They shouldn't take the place of your regular treatment, but they can work with it. Some experts think those products can help you ease the gas, pain, bloating, and diarrhea that come with IBS- D. It's still unclear if eating foods with probiotics or taking the supplements can really boost good bacteria, though.


Question: Can natural remedies help ease my IBS-D?

Answer: They shouldn't take the place of your regular treatment, but they can work with it. Some are things you can do on your own at home. Others you can do with the help of your doctor or therapist. Talk to your doctor before trying any of the options below. Make sure you let him know if you're taking any over-the-counter herbs or supplements, or if you're changing what you eat to treat your IBS. Some experts think those products can help you ease the gas, pain, bloating, and diarrhea that come with IBS- D. It's still unclear if eating foods with probiotics or taking the supplements can really boost good bacteria, though.


Question: Which relaxation techniques help treat my IBS-D?

Answer: Some are things you can do on your own at home. A trained therapist can teach you to focus on soothing images or thoughts. This can help you learn to relax your tight stomach muscles. You can practice these techniques alone or in group sessions. You'll probably need to do hypnotherapy for a few months to feel any relief. You can learn to meditate so you can do it at home whenever you need to relax. Massage. People with IBS who make working out part of their routine have fewer symptoms. You can take walks, train at your local gym, or take exercise classes like gentle yoga.


Question: Should I rethink my computer use if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Keep your shoulders relaxed and your pelvis upright -- don't let it tilt forward or backward. Tilt the keyboard down and slightly away from you to take the strain off your wrists. The computer monitor should be directly in front of you (not off to the side) at eye level.


Question: Should I tweak my stance at work to help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This helps keep your pelvis in alignment. Switch feet every now and then. Women who wear high heels might want to reconsider their footwear. Go for shoes with good cushioning and support -- and keep heels to an inch high or less. Special inserts in your shoes (orthotics) may also help. Organize your work area to make it easier on your joints, so that you don't have to lift, reach, or carry too much. If you work in different areas throughout the day, consider whether an apron or tool belt would be an appropriate way to carry the items you need. Prop your feet on a stool or book, if necessary.


Question: How common is Ganser syndrome, and can it be prevented?

Answer: Ganser syndrome is very rare. It is more common in men than in women and most often occurs in the late teens and early adult years. There is no known way to prevent this condition.


Question: How is Ganser syndrome treated?

Answer: There are also physical problems that may cause the symptoms of Ganser syndrome. For people with histrionic personality disorder, their self-esteem depends on the approval of others and does not arise from a true feeling of self-worth. If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, he or she may refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Medication usually is not used, unless the person also suffers from depression, anxiety, or psychosis.


Question: What is Tietze syndrome?

Answer: Usually the second or third ribs are most affected. Tietz syndrome is congenital, or present from birth, and is also rare.


Question: What causes Tietze syndrome?

Answer: Sometimes Tietze syndrome happens as a result of having other things, such as psoriatic arthritis. Coughing, sneezing, exercise or other physical activity, breathing deeply, laughing, wearing a seatbelt, hugging someone, or even just lying down might make the pain worse.


Question: Why do mild to moderate headaches start?

Answer: Some people find that it strikes after an infection, flu-like illness, surgery, or stressful event. The pain tends to be moderate, but for some people, it's severe. And it's often hard to treat. Symptoms can vary widely. Some are like tension headaches. Others share symptoms of migraine, such as nausea or sensitivity to light. Call your doctor if your headache won't go away or if it's severe. Doctors call this a "rebound" or "medication overuse" headache.


Question: What causes a new daily persistent headache?

Answer: Some people find that it strikes after an infection, flu-like illness, surgery, or stressful event. Doctors call this a "rebound" or "medication overuse" headache.


Question: Where is the pain during a migraine headache?

Answer: It can throb and get worse with physical activity. If you get one of these, you'll usually feel pain on both sides of your head or neck, not just on one side. The pain tends to be moderate, but for some people, it's severe. They're not all alike.


Question: Does weather cause a sinus headache?

Answer: And they usually don't come with nausea and vomiting. Cold and damp weather can make it hurt more, too.


Question: What is a recipe for a diabetes-friendly grilled tomato and cheese sandwich?

Answer: Magee is the author of 26 books on nutrition and healthy cooking. The series is being distributed all over the world, including China, Russia, Spain, Indonesia, and Arabic countries.


Question: How can otitis media cause hearing loss in children?

Answer: If you understand more about the condition, you can get your child the help he needs so he can learn, play, and keep up with other kids his age. The causes of hearing loss in children include: Otitis media. Some early signs of a problem include: No reaction to loud noises No response to your voice Your child makes simple sounds that taper off A child with otitis media may also: Pull or rub an ear Be constantly cranky for no clear reason Stop paying attention Have little energy Not understand directions Often ask for the TV or radio to be louder Have a fever Have ear pain If you notice these symptoms in your child, talk with his doctor. Ear tubes.


Question: How can ear tubes help in treating children with otitis media?

Answer: Fluid builds up behind the eardrum and can get infected. Your pediatrician may prescribe antibiotics or other meds for your child. If the problem doesn't go away and seems to be affecting your child's hearing, your pediatrician may suggest your child get these tubes. Your child will need minor surgery to get the ear tubes put in. In a hospital, he'll get medicine so he'll be asleep during the operation, but he should be able to go home when it's over.


Question: How can illness or injury cause hearing loss in children?

Answer: Head injuries, very loud noises, and some medications can also cause hearing loss. Some children with hearing loss feel isolated from other kids their age.


Question: How is your vision tested?

Answer: To keep your eyes in good shape, it's important to see an eye doctor at least once every couple of years as an adult. Simple tests, like the " Random E Test," can determine the visual acuity of infants or nonreaders.


Question: When do you get corrective vision surgery?

Answer: Corrective surgery changes the way your eye bends light. You may not need to correct your vision at all after it.


Question: What should you know about allergic asthma?

Answer: Allergic asthma is the most common type of asthma. The symptoms that go along with allergic asthma show up after you breathe things called allergens (or allergy triggers) like pollen, dust mites, or mold. If you have asthma (allergic or non-allergic), it usually gets worse after you exercise in cold air or after breathing smoke, dust, or fumes. Sometimes even a strong smell can set it off. Because allergens are everywhere, it's important that people with allergic asthma know their triggers and learn how to prevent an attack. Whether you have allergic asthma or non-allergic asthma, the symptoms are generally the same.


Question: What are some tips to control allergic asthma?

Answer: The two most common (and recommended) methods are: Pricking your skin with a tiny amount of the allergen and measuring the size of the red bumps 20 minutes later A blood test known as a specific Ig E or s Ig E test To control your allergic asthma, you have to avoid breathing the allergens. Here are some tips to get relief: Stay inside when pollen counts are high. Avoid dust mites. Control indoor humidity. Check with an inexpensive meter. This will dry out the air and slow the growth of molds, cockroaches, and house dust mites. Choose air filters wisely. Be careful doing outside work.


Question: How can I help someone with psoriasis?

Answer: Ask loved ones with psoriasis what they need. Don't make assumptions about what sort of help psoriasis patients want. Do they want someone who will listen? Or just someone who will make them laugh -- and not mention the word "psoriasis" once? Take time to go out with friends and do things you like to do.


Question: How can I help someone with psoriasis who is frustrated with treatment?

Answer: While that's understandable, it's not a good idea. The vast majority of cases can be controlled. So if your loved one has stopped seeing a doctor, urge him or her to try again -- perhaps with a new dermatologist who has expertise in treating the condition. Lots of people living with psoriasis start to pull back from life, to isolate themselves. Encourage your loved one to stay connected with friends and do the things that he or she enjoys.


Question: What should I do if someone with psoriasis seems depressed?

Answer: One study showed that one out of four people living with psoriasis were also depressed. Since depression is a serious illness, don't ignore any signs -- like persistent sadness or loss of interest in daily activities. Encourage your loved one to see a doctor or a therapist as soon as possible. Take time to go out with friends and do things you like to do.


Question: How can I stay happy if someone close to me has psoriasis?

Answer: Living with psoriasis can be tough -- not just for the person with the diagnosis, but for his or her loved ones, too. Ask. Encourage your loved one to stay connected with friends and do the things that he or she enjoys. Treat signs of depression seriously. But if your loved one is an adult, you shouldn't take on all the responsibility yourself. Take care of yourself. It's important that you maintain your own life, too, something distinct for yourself.


Question: Is it possible to be too supportive to someone with psoriasis?

Answer: Encourage your loved one to get psoriasis treatment. But if your loved one is an adult, you shouldn't take on all the responsibility yourself. If you take charge of every aspect of that person's life and treatment, you'll wind up worn out and resentful. Remember, your job isn't to take care of your loved one; it's to help that person take care of himself.