Question: How does surgery help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: If you have severe COPD with significant lung damage, you may need surgery, especially if you have severe symptoms, can't control your COPD with medications, or have trouble breathing most of the time. Surgery may involve: Bullectomy to remove enlarged air spaces that interfere with breathing. They sometimes form when walls of air sacs break. Lung volume reduction surgery ( LVRS) to remove sections of damaged lung tissue. Lung transplant to replace a diseased lung with a healthy donor lung. This is only done in very severe cases of COPD.


Question: How do antibiotics treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Antibiotics.


Question: How does Daliresp treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: This is a pill that's part of a new class of COPD treatment -- it's an inhibitor of an enzyme called phosphodiesterase type 4 ( PDE-4). Daliresp prevents COPD flares in people whose condition is associated with chronic bronchitis. The drug is not intended for other types of COPD.


Question: How do corticosteroids treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: These medications may help reduce airway inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids are mainly used in those whose symptoms are not well controlled with bronchodilators only. That's because they work less well for COPD than they do for other lung problems such as asthma.


Question: What are some examples of bronchodilators used to treat COPD?

Answer: Examples of bronchodilators used as COPD treatment include: Anticholinergic bronchodilators block acetylcholine, a chemical "messenger" that makes airways constrict. They are used as needed for treatment of symptoms. Methylxanthines may be helpful for people who have trouble with inhaled medications.


Question: How can quitting smoking help with treating COPD?

Answer: If you only do one thing to manage your COPD, quit smoking. Quitting smoking can: Curb the decline in lung function Reduce symptoms of COPD Slow the decline in lung function to a rate that's normal with aging Improve the quality of life for anyone, with or without COPD No matter how serious or mild your COPD, stopping smoking provides benefit. And they cannot reverse the damage caused by smoking.


Question: Can taking medications cure COPD?

Answer: COPD is a chronic lung disease with no cure. And they cannot reverse the damage caused by smoking. But medications can help you in a variety of ways. They may: Help open up airways Reduce airway inflammation Fight bacterial infections Your doctor may prescribe more than one type of medication.


Question: How should you take stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms. If it doesn't, you may need to increase the dose slowly or try something else. Many of these medications come in both short- and long-acting forms. Short-acting drugs wear off after about 4 hours. You take them 1 or 2 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release drugs can last 8 to 12 hours, and you take them once a day. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication.


Question: How much ADHD medication is prescribed for adults at first?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms. If it doesn't, you may need to increase the dose slowly or try something else.


Question: How often should ADHD medication for adults be taken?

Answer: Many of these medications come in both short- and long-acting forms. Short-acting drugs wear off after about 4 hours. You take them 1 or 2 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release drugs can last 8 to 12 hours, and you take them once a day. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication.


Question: How are stimulants used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Most people who get ADHD treatment take these prescription meds. They might help you pay attention longer and help your brain send and receive signals so you can think more clearly. They can keep you from acting on impulse, too.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD non-stimulant medications in adults?

Answer: Nonstimulants might take a few weeks to start working, and you might have side effects like heartburn, constipation, and low sex drive. These might go away over time.


Question: How do medication and therapy treat different adult ADHD symptoms?

Answer: Medicine can help get your symptoms under control by changing the way your brain works. And counseling can give you skills to manage your day-to-day life.


Question: Outside of medication, how can I treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Your doctor can refer you to a counselor or therapist who can help you tackle the everyday problems that the disorder can bring.


Question: Who shouldn't take stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: You shouldn't take stimulants if you have health problems like heart disease, glaucoma, or a history of alcohol or drug abuse. If you take an antidepressant, you should talk to your doctor before you take a stimulant, too.


Question: How do stimulant medications help with adult ADHD?

Answer: Most people who get ADHD treatment take these prescription meds. They might help you pay attention longer and help your brain send and receive signals so you can think more clearly. They can keep you from acting on impulse, too.


Question: What can I do on my own to help with ADHD as an adult?

Answer: There are things you can do on your own, too. Eat healthy foods. Get regular exercise. Get plenty of sleep. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga. Also, think about joining a support group to connect with other adults who are living with ADHD.


Question: How can counseling help with adult ADHD?

Answer: Counseling is another important part of ADHD treatment. Your doctor can refer you to a counselor or therapist who can help you tackle the everyday problems that the disorder can bring.


Question: Can blood pressure drugs help adult ADHD?

Answer: If you can't take other ADHD meds, your doctor might prescribe one of two blood pressure drugs: clonidine ( Kapvay) or guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex). These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: Which stimulant medications are used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms.


Question: What are the side effects of blood pressure drugs used for adult ADHD?

Answer: The side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness.


Question: Can any adult take a stimulant once diagnosed with ADHD?

Answer: You shouldn't take stimulants if you have health problems like heart disease, glaucoma, or a history of alcohol or drug abuse. If you take an antidepressant, you should talk to your doctor before you take a stimulant, too.


Question: What stimulants are used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms.


Question: What can you do to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Get regular exercise. Get plenty of sleep. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga. Also, think about joining a support group to connect with other adults who are living with ADHD.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD stimulants in adults?

Answer: Stimulants can cause side effects like dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, and headaches. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. Some side effects go away on their own after a few days or weeks. Some don't, but you may find the benefits of the medicine are worth dealing with the side effects. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug. Don't stop taking any medication suddenly without telling your doctor.


Question: Is it normal for symptoms of adult ADHD to return with treatment over time?

Answer: Over time, your symptoms may change, and treatments that worked at first might stop working. Your doctor and counselor will help you work through these changes by tweaking your treatment plan.


Question: What are the side effects of stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants can cause side effects like dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, and headaches. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. Some side effects go away on their own after a few days or weeks. Some don't, but you may find the benefits of the medicine are worth dealing with the side effects. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug.


Question: How do you treat adult ADHD symptoms?

Answer: ADHD is different for everyone, so there's no single treatment for all. Your care plan will depend on many things, including how the disorder affects your life, other health problems you have, and any medications you take for them. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: How can you treat symptoms of adult ADHD?

Answer: ADHD is different for everyone, so there's no single treatment for all. Your care plan will depend on many things, including how the disorder affects your life, other health problems you have, and any medications you take for them. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: What blood pressure drugs can be used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Your doctor might prescribe one of these meds, like atomoxetine ( Strattera), if stimulants aren't right for you. These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity. The side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness.


Question: How does cognitive behavioral therapy help with adult ADHD?

Answer: You'll work with your doctor to figure out what's best for you. Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) can teach you how to: Manage your time Make plans for both the near future and further down the road Handle your emotions Deal with stress Change your self-image if you tend to think poorly of yourself Think things through before you take action Avoid taking unneeded risks Counseling can also teach you ways to remember things better and show you how to use calendars and date books to give your days structure. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga.


Question: What can help to manage adult ADHD?

Answer: And counseling can give you skills to manage your day-to-day life. It teaches you how to tackle problems the disorder may cause, like losing things, getting easily distracted, or being late. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area.


Question: How do non-stimulant medications help with adult ADHD?

Answer: If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug. If you can't take other ADHD meds, your doctor might prescribe one of two blood pressure drugs: clonidine ( Kapvay) or guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex).


Question: How can your treatments for adult ADHD change?

Answer: These might go away over time. Your doctor and counselor will help you work through these changes by tweaking your treatment plan.


Question: Does niacin treat cholesterol?

Answer: Doctors may prescribe this to help raise HDL ("good") cholesterol. To be effective, it must be taken in large doses. Unfortunately, in these amounts it often causes skin flushing and upset stomach. Newer versions of niacin made to minimize these side effects may be easier to take. Despite its effects on cholesterol levels, an important scientific study recently found that adding niacin to statin therapy did not lower the risk of future heart problems.


Question: When should you start getting your cholesterol checked?

Answer: It's a simple blood test. Your doctor may ask you to not eat or drink overnight before the test, so they can check your total cholesterol, your HDL (âgoodâ) cholesterol, and your LDL ("badâ) cholesterol.


Question: What are fibric acid derivatives for cholesterol?

Answer: Doctors occasionally prescribe these to raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels. They also mildly lower LDL.


Question: Does changing your habits help to lower cholesterol?

Answer: Near optimal/ Above optimal: 100-129 Borderline high: Between 130 and 159 High: Above 160 tp 189 Very high: 190 and above If you have high cholesterol or want to prevent it, most doctors and dietitians agree that changing your habits is your first line of defense. That means eating a diet low in saturated fat and simple carbohydrates, avoiding trans fats, getting more fiber, keeping your weight healthy, exercising regularly, and not smoking.


Question: What are statins for cholesterol?

Answer: These are among the most widely used drugs to lower total and LDL cholesterol. Statins available in the U. S. are atorvastatin ( Lipitor). fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastate in (altoprev, Mevacor), pitavastatin ( Livalo), pravastatin ( Flolipid, Pravachol), rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor), or simvastatin ( Zocor). These drugs block the liver's ability to make cholesterol.


Question: What are bile acid binders for cholesterol?

Answer: Also known as cholestyramine and colestipol, these may lower total and LDL cholesterol in some people. Side effects include bloating, gas, and constipation. If your cholesterol level can't be controlled by using medication, your doctor may try to combine a bile acid binder and a statin.


Question: What is proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors for cholesterol?

Answer: Proprotein convertase substilisin kexin type 9 ( PCSK9) inhibitors. This is a new class of cholesterol lowering drugs which is used in patients who cannot control their cholesterol through diet and statin treatments in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.


Question: What are guidelines for HDL ("Good") cholesterol levels?

Answer: But here are the general guidelines: Total Cholesterol Levels Desirable: Below 200 Borderline high: Between 200 and 239 High: 240 or more HDL (â Good') Cholesterol Levels Excellent: 60 and above Normal: 40 to 59 Too low: Below 40 LDL (â Bad') Cholesterol Levels Optimal: Less than 100.


Question: What is  ezetimibe (zetia) for cholesterol?

Answer: This drug limits the amount of cholesterol the small intestine can absorb. People who take it also usually take a statin, which can result reduce cholesterol another 25%. Zetia is controversial, however, because of less evidence that it lowers the risk of heart attack or death from heart disease.


Question: What is LDL apheresis for cholesterol?

Answer: It's a simple blood test. LDL apheresis. Over several hours, blood is removed from the body, chemically cleansed of LDL cholesterol, and then returned to the body. Treatments every 2 to 3 weeks can cut average LDL cholesterol by 50% to 80%, but they're costly in both time and money.


Question: What supplements are risky for your liver if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Some common natural products that can be risky for your liver are: Chaparral Jin Bu Huan Germander Comfrey, mate, and Gordolobo yerba teas Mistletoe Skullcap Pennyroyal (squaw mint oil) Margosa oil Kava Yohimbe Weight loss products can also harm your liver. So can large doses of vitamin and mineral supplements, including: Iron Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K In general, good nutrition may help your liver form new cells.


Question: What should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Don't drink any alcohol unless your doctor says it's OK. It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Recreational drugs in general are no good for your liver. For example, marijuana may lead to faster liver scarring. And using a needle to inject substances can raise your odds of getting reinfected with hep C. If you're a smoker, you need to quit. It can make you more likely to get liver cancer. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: What should you know about taking supplements for hepatitis C?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking any of these if you have hepatitis C. Some of them may cause severe liver injury. It's also important to keep in mind that supplements and herbs aren't regulated by the FDA the way medications are. They don't go through the same tough testing to see if they're safe and effective.


Question: What natural products should I avoid if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: Some common natural products that can be risky for your liver are: Chaparral Jin Bu Huan Germander Comfrey, mate, and Gordolobo yerba teas Mistletoe Skullcap Pennyroyal (squaw mint oil) Margosa oil Kava Yohimbe Weight loss products can also harm your liver.


Question: Why should I avoid alcohol, illegal drugs, and cigarettes if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Recreational drugs in general are no good for your liver. For example, marijuana may lead to faster liver scarring. And using a needle to inject substances can raise your odds of getting reinfected with hep C. If you're a smoker, you need to quit. It can make you more likely to get liver cancer. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: What foods should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. If you have cirrhosis (liver scarring) from hepatitis C, you need to be very careful about the meds you take. So can large doses of vitamin and mineral supplements, including: Iron Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K In general, good nutrition may help your liver form new cells. But if you have hepatitis C, there are some foods to avoid or eat less of. They can have bacteria that give you serious infections that are more severe if you have hep C. Fatty, sugary foods.


Question: What medications should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: If you have hepatitis C, though, it may not work as well. It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Things to avoid include: Acetaminophen NSAIDs Sleeping pills or tranquilizers Whatever stage of hepatitis C you have, make sure to: Share a list of all your prescription and over-the-counter drugs with your medical team.


Question: Do I need to limit protein if I have cirrhosis?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. If you have cirrhosis (liver scarring) from hepatitis C, you need to be very careful about the meds you take.


Question: What medications should I avoid if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: To avoid problems like that, you might need to change what you eat and drink and the kinds of supplements and drugs you take. The doses of some medications will need to be adjusted, and some should be avoided completely.


Question: How can scratching be bad?

Answer: But whether it's from a mosquito bite, chickenpox, or chronic skin issue like eczema, any relief from scratching will be short-lived. And too much scratching can make the problem much worse.


Question: What are some tips for when I itch?

Answer: It helps to keep your nails short so you're less likely to break your skin if you do scratch. You can also try wearing gloves to bed to protect your skin while you're asleep.


Question: How can my doctor help with the urge to scratch?

Answer: With those, you might feel numbness and tingling along with the itch. A wet compress or cold shower can ease the itching. Ask your doctor. Watch for infection. Call your doctor if your skin is tender to the touch, begins to smell, or oozes pus.


Question: Do children grind their teeth?

Answer: The problem of teeth grinding is not limited to adults. Approximately 15% to 33% of children grind their teeth. Children who grind their teeth tend to do so at two peak times -- when their baby teeth emerge and when their permanent teeth come in. Most children lose the teeth grinding habit after these two sets of teeth have come in more fully. Most commonly, children grind their teeth during sleep rather than during waking hours. No one knows exactly why children grind their teeth but considerations include improperly aligned teeth or irregular contact between upper and lower teeth, illnesses and other medical conditions (such as nutritional deficiencies, pinworm, allergies, endocrine disorders), and psychological factors including anxiety and stress.


Question: Why do people grind their teeth?

Answer: It can also be caused by a sleep disorder such as sleep apnea.


Question: What problems can result from grinding baby teeth?

Answer: Grinding of the baby teeth rarely results in problems. However, teeth grinding can cause jaw pain, headaches, wear on the teeth, and TMD. Consult your dentist if your child's teeth look worn or if your child complains of tooth sensitivity or pain.


Question: Is teeth grinding (bruxism) harmful?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Most people probably grind and clench their teeth from time to time. Occasional teeth grinding, medically called bruxism, does not usually cause harm, but when teeth grinding occurs on a regular basis the teeth can be damaged and other oral health complications can arise.


Question: What are specific tips to help a child stop grinding his or her teeth?

Answer: Specific tips to help a child stop grinding his or her teeth include: Decrease your child's stress, especially just before bed. Try massage and stretching exercises to relax the muscles. Make sure your child's diet includes plenty of water. Dehydration may be linked to teeth grinding. Ask your dentist to monitor your child's teeth if he or she is a grinder. No intervention is usually required with preschool-age children. However, older children may need temporary crowns or other methods, such as a night guard, to prevent the grinding.


Question: What are some other tips to stop grinding my teeth?

Answer: Other tips to help you stop teeth grinding include: Avoid or cut back on foods and drinks that contain caffeine, such as colas, chocolate, and coffee. Avoid alcohol. Grinding tends to intensify after alcohol consumption. Do not chew on pencils or pens or anything that is not food. Avoid chewing gum as it allows your jaw muscles to get more used to clenching and makes you more likely to grind your teeth. Train yourself not to clench or grind your teeth. If you notice that you clench or grind during the day, position the tip of your tongue between your teeth. This practice trains your jaw muscles to relax. Relax your jaw muscles at night by holding a warm washcloth against your cheek in front of your earlobe.


Question: How do I find out if I grind my teeth?

Answer: Many times people learn that they grind their teeth by their loved one who hears the grinding at night. If you suspect you may be grinding your teeth, talk to your dentist. He or she can examine your mouth and jaw for signs of bruxism, such as jaw tenderness and excessive wear on your teeth. Most commonly, children grind their teeth during sleep rather than during waking hours.


Question: Why is teeth grinding harmful?

Answer: When these events happen, bridges, crowns, root canals, implants, partial dentures, and even complete dentures may be needed. Not only can severe grinding damage teeth and result in tooth loss, it can also affect your jaws, cause or worsen TMD/ TMJ, and even change the appearance of your face. Dehydration may be linked to teeth grinding.


Question: What are examples of products that may contain asbestos?

Answer: Other items that may contain asbestos include: · Insulation in walls and attics · Vinyl tiles used for floors · Shingles · Siding on houses · Blankets that protect hot water pipes · Fabrics that resist heat · Car brakes The fibers that form asbestos separate very easily into tiny pieces when they're handled or damaged.


Question: How can cognitive behavioral therapy help you deal with your mood swings?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of short-term treatment. Your therapist will help you change patterns of thinking and behavior that add to problems in your life. For instance, if criticism sends you into a tailspin, you may work on new ways to receive and react to constructive feedback.


Question: Can bipolar disorder cause intense mood swings?

Answer: People with bipolar disorder have highs and lows that are much more intense and longer-lasting than usual mood swings. For example, it's normal to feel great, like everything's going your way, for a day or two. Someone with bipolar disorder, though, can spend several days or weeks being the life of the party: racing around, talking fast, not sleeping much, and doing destructive things like running through the family's bank account. That's called a manic phase. They could possibly hear voices, too. Similarly, it's not uncommon to have trouble getting out of bed to go to a job you don't like. But someone with bipolar disorder may stay in bed for 4 days and lose that job.


Question: Can borderline personality disorder cause mood swings?

Answer: A characteristic of this mental illness is sudden, intense shifts in mood -- such as anxious to angry, or depressed to anxious -- usually without the extreme highs seen in bipolar disorder. These are often "triggered" by what seem like ordinary interactions with other people.


Question: How can hormonal changes cause mood swings?

Answer: For women, PMS, pregnancy, menopause (the year after your last period), and perimenopause (the years before it) can lead to unpredictable moods. Men's hormones tend to stay pretty stable until age 30, when testosterone begins to gradually decline. About a third of men age 75 and older have low levels of testosterone. That can cause mood swings, along with erectile dysfunction, sleep problems, and, yes, hot flashes. When your mood swings get in the way of your job, your relationships, or any other part of your life, make an appointment with your doctor to sort out what's going on.


Question: When should you see a doctor about your mood swings?

Answer: When your mood swings get in the way of your job, your relationships, or any other part of your life, make an appointment with your doctor to sort out what's going on. Simple changes may help you handle mild, uncomfortable, annoying (to you or to others) mood swings.


Question: How many Americans are affected by bipolar disorder each year?

Answer: This treatable mental illness affects 3% of adult Americans each year.


Question: How can depression cause mood swings?

Answer: Someone who is depressed may have mood swings, too. They'll have their lows, then feel OK, but they won't get the manic highs that someone with bipolar disorder would. Depressed people may feel worse in the morning and become more cheerful later in the day. If you've been feeling sad, drained, restless, or hopeless for more than 2 weeks, it's time to call your doctor.


Question: Can attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cause mood swings?

Answer: Mood swings, a hot temper, and easily getting frustrated can sometimes be symptoms of ADHD in adults.


Question: How can regular workouts help you deal with your mood swings?

Answer: Some people feel uneasy, fearful, and worried even when they realize there's no good reason. Plus, exercise can improve your sleep.


Question: When are you diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer: And when you're especially sensitive, you may react more strongly or more often to situations than other people. They may feel unmotivated, sad, or even suicidal.


Question: What are treatments for priapism?

Answer: You may also need to see a urologist for more screening tests, including: Blood tests An imaging test called a color Doppler ultrasound, which shows how blood is flowing in your penis An X-ray called an arteriogram that detects a dye your doctor injects into an artery The goal of any treatment for the condition is to make the erection go away and prevent ED. Options include: Ice packs: They may bring down swelling for high-flow priapism. Removing the blood: After your doctor numbs your penis, he’ll use a needle to drain blood from the area to ease pressure and swelling. Medicines: For low-flow priapism, your doctor can inject drugs called alpha-agonists into your penis. They make the blood vessels narrow, bringing less blood the area and easing swelling. You might be able to take pills instead of getting an injection. Blocking the artery: A doctor will block the blood vesselthat’s causing the problem, a procedure called an arterial embolization. Doctors sometimes use it for high-flow priapism. Tying off the artery: When a ruptured artery causes priapism, a doctor will do an operation to tie it off, called surgical ligation. This is also for high-flow priapism. Surgical shunt: It’s passageway that a surgeon creates in the penis to allow the blood to drain.


Question: What causes priapism?

Answer: The pills or shots that treat ED may also cause priapism. Other causes include: An injury to the spinal cord or genital area Black widow spider bites and scorpion stings Carbon monoxide poisoning Using street drugs like marijuana and cocaine It’s rare, but priapism can happen because of cancers that affect the penis and prevent blood from flowing out of the area.


Question: How do you diagnose priapism?

Answer: If you think you might have priapism, you need to get medical care right away. Tell your doctor: How long you’ve had the erection How long your erections usually last Any drugs, legal or illegal, that you’ve used If the problem happened after an injury Your doctor will review your medical history and do a thorough physical exam to figure out what’s causing your problem. He’ll check your rectum and belly for any signs of cancer. You may also need to see a urologist for more screening tests, including: Blood tests An imaging test called a color Doppler ultrasound, which shows how blood is flowing in your penis An X-ray called an arteriogram that detects a dye your doctor injects into an artery The goal of any treatment for the condition is to make the erection go away and prevent ED.


Question: What are the two types of erectile dysfunction?

Answer: There are two main types: Low-flow or ischemic priapism: This type happens when blood gets trapped in the erection chambers. High-flow or non-ischemic priapism: This type is more rare than low-flow and is usually less painful. It often happens when an injury to the penis or the area between the scrotum and anus, called the perineum, ruptures an artery, which prevents blood in the penis from moving normally.


Question: What does thrombophlebitis mean?

Answer: Thrombo" means clot, and "phlebitisâ means inflammation in a vein. That's the swelling and irritation that result after an injury.


Question: What is thrombophlebitis?

Answer: Thrombophlebitis is a problem with your circulation -- how fast blood moves through your veins. It happens when a blood clot slows circulation -- most commonly in your legs, but also in your arms, in some cases. Thrombophlebitis can happen right under the skin or deeper in the leg. "


Question: Can thrombophlebitis cause an infection?

Answer: But on rare occasions, these blocked veins can lead to infection. They can even lead to tissue damage from the loss of healthy circulation.


Question: Does thrombophlebitis go away on its own?

Answer: Most cases of thrombophlebitis that happen in the shallow leg veins begin to go away by themselves in a week or two.


Question: What happens when a person gets stung by an insect?

Answer: A sting is what happens when an insect injects poison (venom) into your skin. The venom travels through the bug's stinger. That's what it uses to defend itself from harm. If you get stung, you'll feel pain. Your skin may turn red or swell at the site of the sting. In some cases, people who are allergic to the venom can have a life-threatening reaction. Doctors call this anaphylaxis.


Question: What are the cons of ablation for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: Ablation is generally safe, but it does have some risks. Some of the things that can go wrong are: Bleeding around your heart or where the catheter is inserted Hole in the heart Stroke Heart attack Narrowing of the pulmonary vein Damage to the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach Also, your AFib can come back in the first few months after you have ablation. In that case, you may need to have the procedure again, or take heart rhythm drugs.


Question: What devices can interfere with a pacemaker for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: Some devices that can interfere with it are: Metal detectors Cell phones and MP3 players Electric generators Some medical machines, such as an MRI Your doctor will help you choose the right treatment based on your health.


Question: What is a pacemaker for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: Pacemaker It's a small device that monitors your heartbeat and sends out a signal to stimulate your heart if it's beating too slowly. Pacemakers are used to treat a slow heartbeat in people with AFib. The device is made up of a small box called a generator. It holds a battery and tiny computer. Very thin wires called leads connect the pacemaker to your heart. Impulses flow through the leads to keep the organ in rhythm.


Question: What are the pros of a pacemaker for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: Your doctor can program your pacemaker to meet your needs. It should keep your heart in rhythm and help you stay more active.


Question: What are the pros of ablation for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: There are lots of good reasons to have an ablation. It can often stop AFib, and it can also: Help prevent blood clots and strokes Relieve shortness of breath and tiredness Reduce your need for blood thinners and heart rhythm drugs Help you exercise more often and for longer amounts of time Improve the length and quality of your life For some folks, ablation restores a normal heart rhythm better than medicine.


Question: How often do you need to have a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: If you decide you want to take fecal occult blood tests, you'll need to do that every year, and also get other tests by your doctor -- flexible sigmoidoscopy (like a colonoscopy but doesn't go as far into your digestive system) and barium enema ( X-rays of the colon after you get an enema made with barium) -- every five years to check for colorectal polyps or cancer.


Question: How can I take a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: There are different kinds of these tests. You can buy some kits at the pharmacy. Or your doctor may give you a home test kit at one of your appointments. They come with instructions. Most list a phone number to call if you have questions. For some tests, you put a special pad or tissue from the kit into the toilet and tell your doctor if it changes color. Other tests require you to collect stool samples on more than one day. You then send the samples, in a special container and envelope, directly to your doctor's office for analysis with a microscope or chemicals. You should use newer âhigh sensitivityâ versions of these tests.


Question: What causes blood to appear in poop?

Answer: Blood may show up in your poop because of one or more of the following conditions: Growths or polyps of the colon Hemorrhoids (swollen blood vessels near the anus and lower rectum that can rupture, causing bleeding) Anal fissures (splits or cracks in the lining of the anal opening) Intestinal infections that cause inflammation Ulcers Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Diverticular disease, caused by outpouchings of the colon wall Problems in the blood vessels in the large intestine Meckel's diverticulum, usually seen in children and young adults Gastrointestinal bleeding may be microscopic, so you can't see it. ( Doctors call that âoccultâ blood.) Or you may easily see it as red blood, or black tar-like bowel movements.


Question: When should you not take a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: Don't take the test if you have: Diarrhea Colitis Constipation Diverticulitis Ulcers Hemorrhoid flare-ups Your period Because certain foods can alter some of the tests' results, don't eat these foods for 48 to 72 hours before you take the test: Beets Broccoli Cantaloupe Carrots Cauliflower Cucumbers Grapefruit Horseradish Mushrooms Radishes Red meat (especially meat that is cooked rare) Turnips Vitamin C-enriched foods or beverages You may need to stop taking certain medicines 48 hours before the test.


Question: What do the fecal occult blood test results mean?

Answer: If you have a positive result, that means that it showed blood in the stool. Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy, and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to see if the bleeding is coming from the stomach or small intestine. If these don't show the source, you may need to swallow a small capsule that takes pictures as it passes through your intestines. It may see areas of bleeding not shown by other tests, especially in the small intestine. A negative test result means that no blood was found in the stool sample during the testing period. You should continue to follow your doctor's recommendations for regular cancer checks. Remember, if the test shows signs of blood, you'll probably still need to get a colonoscopy.


Question: How can sclerotherapy help with treating varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Spider veins cannot be removed through surgery. Sometimes, they disappear when the larger varicose veins feeding the spider veins are removed. Remaining spider veins also can be treated with sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy uses a fine needle to inject a solution directly into the vein. This solution irritates the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and the blood to clot. The vein turns into scar tissue that fades from view. Some doctors treat both varicose and spider veins with sclerotherapy. Today, the substances most commonly used in the U. S. are hypertonic saline, sodium tetradecyl sulfate ( Sotradecol) and aethoxysklerol/ Asclera ( Polidocanol).


Question: What causes varicose veins and spider veins?

Answer: In some instances, the absence or weakness of valves in the veins, which prevent the backward flow of blood away from the heart, may cause the poor circulation. In other cases, weaknesses in the vein walls may cause the pooling of the blood. Less commonly, varicose veins are caused by such diseases as phlebitis (inflammation of the veins) or congenital abnormalities of the veins.


Question: How does surgery help with treating varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Varicose veins are frequently treated by eliminating the "bad" veins. Here, the problematic veins are "stripped" out by passing a flexible device through the vein and removing it through an incision near the groin or ankle. Smaller tributaries of these veins also are stripped with this device or removed through a series of small incisions.


Question: How are varicose veins and spider veins treated?

Answer: Less commonly, varicose veins are caused by such diseases as phlebitis (inflammation of the veins) or congenital abnormalities of the veins. Laser or electro-cautery treatments have been used to treat the smallest spider veins, especially on the face. Surgery to treat varicose veins, commonly referred to as "stripping," is usually done under local or partial anesthesia, such as an epidural. This solution irritates the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and the blood to clot. Patients whose legs have been treated are put on walking regimens, which forces the blood to flow into other veins and prevents blood clots.


Question: What type of doctors provide treatments for varicose and spider veins?

Answer: In most cases, more than one treatment session will be required. Because surgery is performed under anesthesia, pain is not felt during the procedure. Doctors providing surgical treatment include general and vascular surgeons and dermatologic surgeons. Some general, vascular, and plastic surgeons also perform sclerotherapy treatments. People with allergies may want to be cautious.


Question: Do spider veins and varicose veins always need treatment?

Answer: In severe cases, varicose veins can rupture, or open sores (called "ulcers") can form on the skin. Thousands of people every year consider getting treatment for varicose veins and spider veins. Advertisements for treating venous disease often tout "unique," "permanent," "painless," or "absolutely safe" methods - making it difficult to decide on the best treatment. Check with a doctor if you are uncertain. Spider veins cannot be removed through surgery.


Question: What causes loss of libido in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Some of the medications used in the treatment of fibromyalgia, such as duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and milnacipran ( Savella), as well as SSRI antidepressants like paroxetine ( Paxil) and sertraline ( Zoloft), may cause reduced sex drive. If you take medication for fibromyalgia and have problems with libido, talk to your doctor. A simple change of medication or a reduction in dose may improve your sex drive and allow you to enjoy your relationships more. But don't stop or make any changes to your medicines unless your doctor tells you to. Also, for some patients, having to deal with the uncomfortable symptoms of fibromyalgia, including the ongoing pain, fatigue, anxiety, and stiffness, is difficult enough without thinking of being physically active with sexual activity. Learning to self-manage these symptoms with medications, exercise, and lifestyle habits may help to boost your sex life.


Question: How can I have sex if I hurt all over from fibromyalgia?

Answer: With fibromyalgia pain and tender points, you need to work with your partner to find the most comfortable position during sexual intercourse. For instance, if you have fibromyalgia with low back pain, you may find that having your partner on top or lying on his or her side is most comfortable for you. Or, if you're a woman who has fibromyalgia and hip pain, you might use a pillow to stabilize your body during sexual intercourse. Just because you've "always had sex this way," does not mean that's the only way.


Question: How can soaking in a warm bath before sex help my fibromyalgia pain?

Answer: Moist heat, including soaking in a warm bath, can help ease fibromyalgia pain and may allow you to enjoy sex -- or any exercise -- without added pain. Heat increases blood flow to the site and decreases stiffness, a key symptom of fibromyalgia. You might soak in a warm bath for at least 15 minutes before sex or other physical activity to get the full benefit. You may also soak in a warm bath after sexual intercourse or other physical activity. Other popular types of moist heat include a warm shower (sit on a chair, if needed), warm whirlpool or hot tub, heated swimming pool, and a moist heating pad.


Question: How does fibromyalgia affect my sex life?

Answer: You could be experiencing loss of libido or having difficulty with sexual performance. It's also possible your libido is healthy, but the deep muscle pain and stiffness of fibromyalgia keep you from enjoying sex the way you used to. Talking openly with your doctor and following a few practical tips can help you resolve problems associated with fibromyalgia, pain, and sex. Then you can begin to enjoy this aspect of your life again. If you have fibromyalgia, talk to your doctor and see if medications can boost libido and/or sexual performance.


Question: What foods have high amounts of isoflavones?

Answer: The following foods are high in isoflavone and may help symptoms of menopause: Isoflavone Amount ( Mg) In Food (100g) Soybeans, green, raw 151.17 Soy flour (textured) 148.61 Soybeans, dry roasted 128.35 Instant beverage soy, powder, not reconstituted 109.51 Miso soup mix, dry 60.39 Soybean chips 54.16 Tempeh, cooked 53.00 Soybean curd cheese 28.20 Tofu, silken 27.91 Tofu, yogurt 16.30 Soymilk 9.65 While safe when taken in moderate amounts through diet, there remains some questions about the safety of consuming extraordinary amounts of soy and isoflavone supplements in women with a history of estrogen-dependent cancer, like breast cancer.


Question: How can nutritional supplements help treat menopause symptoms?

Answer: Many women going through menopause try to get relief from their symptoms by including phytoestrogens, or natural estrogens, in their diet. There are also other nutritional supplements that are touted to help relieve menopausal symptoms, such as black cohosh and flaxseed.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about alternative therapies for menopause?

Answer: Ask yourself the following questions about alternative therapies: What is the treatment? What does it involve? How does it work? Why does it work? Are there any risks? What are the side effects? Is it effective? ( Ask for evidence or proof) How much does it cost?


Question: How can my doctor help me find the right alternative therapy for menopause?

Answer: Once you answer these questions, discuss the therapy with your doctor. Make sure your doctor knows what therapy you are considering in order to discuss possible interactions or side effects with your current treatment.


Question: What's the difference between alternative therapies and complementary therapies?

Answer: Alternative treatments are often used alone, while complementary treatments are alternative treatments that are used in combination with traditional treatments, such as medication or surgery.


Question: Can botanicals relieve menopause symptoms?

Answer: Some botanicals, such as phytoestrogens, may help relieve menopause symptoms, although research findings are contradictory and women who have their uterus or have had breast cancer should exercise caution.


Question: What are alternative therapies?

Answer: Complementary and alternative therapies are treatments that are considered nontraditional. They include dietary and herbal supplements, acupuncture, chiropractic, and massage therapy, biofeedback, homeopathy, and eating certain foods that are thought to prevent disease or heal.


Question: How can black cohosh help ease menopause symptoms?

Answer: The North American Menopause Society reports that black cohosh may be helpful in the very short term (six months or less) for treatment of hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness, but the evidence of its effectiveness is mixed. Safety beyond six months of use is not known.


Question: Can evening primrose oil help menopause symptoms?

Answer: Evening primrose oil is another botanical that is often used to treat hot flashes, although there is no scientific evidence to support this. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, problems with the immune system, and blood clotting . Many women with other conditions, or those who take certain medications, should not take evening primrose oil.


Question: What botanicals are safe to take during menopause?

Answer: The following foods are high in isoflavone and may help symptoms of menopause: Isoflavone Amount ( Mg) In Food (100g) Soybeans, green, raw 151.17 Soy flour (textured) 148.61 Soybeans, dry roasted 128.35 Instant beverage soy, powder, not reconstituted 109.51 Miso soup mix, dry 60.39 Soybean chips 54.16 Tempeh, cooked 53.00 Soybean curd cheese 28.20 Tofu, silken 27.91 Tofu, yogurt 16.30 Soymilk 9.65 While safe when taken in moderate amounts through diet, there remains some questions about the safety of consuming extraordinary amounts of soy and isoflavone supplements in women with a history of estrogen-dependent cancer, like breast cancer. Clinical trials are underway to answer these questions. Because little is known about many botanicals, the best way to evaluate their safety and effectiveness is to become an educated consumer.


Question: How can my body temperature readings change?

Answer: Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it. Underarm readings can be a degree lower than what you'd find from your mouth. Rectal temperatures usually are up to a degree higher than mouth readings.


Question: What can make my body temperature change?

Answer: A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too. Some things that cause your temperature to move around during the day include: How active you are What time of day it is Your age Your sex What you've eaten or had to drink ( If you're a woman) where you are in your menstrual cycle Your temperature reading changes based on where on your body you measure it.


Question: What is a normal body temperature?

Answer: Not everyone's ânormalâ body temperature is the same. Yours could be a whole degree different than someone else's. A German doctor in the 19th century set the standard at 98.6 F, but more recent studies say the baseline for most people is closer to 98.2 F. For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F. Your temperature doesn't stay same all day, and it will vary throughout your lifetime, too.


Question: When should I call a doctor about a fever?

Answer: However, if your temperature is 103 F or higher or if you've had a fever for more than 3 days, call your doctor. Also call if you have a fever with symptoms like severe throat swelling, vomiting, headache, chest pain, stiff neck or rash.


Question: What can make you more likely to get hypothermia?

Answer: Other things can also make you more likely to get hypothermia. They include: Alcohol or drug use Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) Anorexia Stroke Sepsis (overwhelming infection) Parkinson's disease Nerve damage Malnutrition Medicines such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or sedatives Anesthesia


Question: When should I call a pediatrician about my child's fever?

Answer: For children, fevers are a bit more complicated. Call your pediatrician if your child is: Under 3 months and has a rectal temperatures of 100.4 F or higher Between 3 months and 3 years and has a rectal temperature over 102 F Older than 3 years and has an oral temperatures above 103 F Between 3 and 6 months and -- along with a fever -- is fussier or more uncomfortable than usual, or doesn't seem alert Sick enough for you to be concerned, regardless of what the thermometer says If your body loses too much heat, it can be very serious, even fatal.


Question: Who can get hypothermia?

Answer: Hypothermia is a special concern for newborns and the elderly. Babies may not be good at regulating their temperature. They can lose heat quickly. It's important to keep them warm. A temperature below 97 F is considered too low for babies. Older adults can also struggle to keep their body temperature in a normal range if they're somewhere with intense air conditioning or there's not enough heat. For both the elderly and young children, a below-normal body temperature can be a sign they're sick.


Question: What are warning signs of suicidal behavior in children?

Answer: Parents should be particularly vigilant for signs that may indicate that their child is at risk for suicide. Warning signs of suicidal behavior in children include: Many depressive symptoms (changes in eating, sleeping, activities) Social isolation, including isolation from the family Talk of suicide, hopelessness, or helplessness Increased acting-out of undesirable behaviors (sexual/behavioral) Increased risk-taking behaviors Frequent accidents Substance abuse Focus on morbid and negative themes Talk about death and dying Increased crying or reduced emotional expression Giving away possessions


Question: Do all children show the same symptoms of depression?

Answer: In fact, most will display different symptoms at different times and in different settings. Although some children may continue to function reasonably well in structured environments, most kids with significant depression will suffer a noticeable change in social activities, loss of interest in school and poor academic performance, or a change in appearance. Children may also begin using drugs or alcohol, especially if they are over age 12. Although relatively rare in youths under 12, young children do attempt suicide -- and may do so impulsively when they are upset or angry. Girls are more likely to attempt suicide, but boys are more likely to actually kill themselves when they make an attempt. Children with a family history of violence, alcohol abuse, or physical or sexual abuse are at greater risk for suicide, as are those with depressive symptoms.


Question: What are signs and symptoms of depression in children?

Answer: Signs and symptoms of depression in children include: Irritability or anger Continuous feelings of sadness and hopelessness Social withdrawal Increased sensitivity to rejection Changes in appetite -- either increased or decreased Changes in sleep -- sleeplessness or excessive sleep Vocal outbursts or crying Difficulty concentrating Fatigue and low energy Physical complaints (such as stomachaches, headaches) that don't respond to treatment Reduced ability to function during events and activities at home or with friends, in school, extracurricular activities, and in other hobbies or interests Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Impaired thinking or concentration Thoughts of death or suicide Not all children have all of these symptoms.


Question: What are the treatment options for depression in children?

Answer: Treatment options for children with depression are similar to those for adults, including psychotherapy (counseling) and medication. The role that family and the child's environment play in the treatment process is different from that of adults. Your child's doctor may suggest psychotherapy first, and consider antidepressant medicine as an additional option if there is no significant improvement. The best studies to date indicate that a combination of psychotherapy and medication is most effective at treating depression. Studies show that the antidepressant Prozac is effective in treating depression in children and teens. The drug is officially recognized by the FDA for treatment of children ages 8 to 18 with depression.


Question: How do you treat children with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Treating Children With Bipolar Disorder Children with bipolar disorder are usually treated with psychotherapy and a combination of medicines, usually an antidepressant and a mood stabilizer. Antidepressants need to be used with caution, as they can trigger bouts of manic or hyperactive behavior in children with bipolar disorder. Managing a child's medication must be part of an overall care plan that includes therapy and routine primary care appointments. The FDA warns that antidepressant medications may increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders.


Question: How is depression diagnosed in children?

Answer: There are no specific tests -- medical or psychological -- that can clearly show depression, but tools such as questionnaires (for both the child and parents) combined with personal information, can be very useful in helping diagnose depression in children. Sometimes those therapy sessions and questionnaires can uncover other concerns that contribute to the depression such as ADHD, conduct disorder, and OCD.


Question: How can I tell if my child is depressed?

Answer: The symptoms of depression in children vary. It is often undiagnosed and untreated because they are passed off as normal emotional and psychological changes that occur during growth. Early medical studies focused on "masked" depression, where a child's depressed mood was evidenced by acting out or angry behavior. While this does occur, particularly in younger children, many children display sadness or low mood similar to adults who are depressed. The primary symptoms of depression revolve around sadness, a feeling of hopelessness, and mood changes.


Question: Can children really suffer from depression?

Answer: Childhood depression is different from the normal "blues" and everyday emotions that occur as a child develops. Just because a child seems sad doesn't necessarily mean he or she has significant depression. If the sadness becomes persistent, or interferes with normal social activities, interests, schoolwork, or family life, it may indicate that he or she has a depressive illness. Keep in mind that while depression is a serious illness, it is also a treatable one.


Question: What causes depression in children?

Answer: Keep in mind that while depression is a serious illness, it is also a treatable one. As in adults, depression in children can be caused by any combination of factors that relate to physical health, life events, family history, environment, genetic vulnerability and biochemical disturbance. Depression is not a passing mood, nor is it a condition that will go away without proper treatment.


Question: Which children get depressed?

Answer: The symptoms of depression in children vary. Bipolar disorder is more common in adolescents than in younger children. Bipolar disorder in children can, however, be more severe than in adolescents. It may also occur with, or be hidden by, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), or conduct disorder ( CD).


Question: How does finasteride (Propecia) work?

Answer: Popping a pill to thwart thinning hair may sound too good to be true, but it's possible with finasteride ( Propecia). The drug works by lowering levels of a hormone that shrinks hair follicles, called dihydrotestosterone ( DHT). It slows hair loss in about 88% of men and helps hair regrow in about 66%. You need a doctor's prescription to get finasteride, which you take every day. Be patient, though: It can take 6 months to see results, because hair loss and growth happen slowly.


Question: How does minoxidil (Rogaine) work?

Answer: You need a doctor's prescription to get finasteride, which you take every day. It's not as easy to use as a daily pill, but minoxidil ( Rogaine), a liquid or foam that you rub into your scalp, is another option. Studies show it can help hair grow, but it may also help you hold on to the strands you already have. The earlier you start using minoxidil, the more likely it is to help. You have to use it for at least 4 months, and possibly for up to a year, before you can see if it's working. Applicators make the process less messy. The main side effect is scalp irritation.


Question: Why are blood tests for epilepsy performed?

Answer: In the case of epilepsy, blood tests such as a CBC and chemistry panel help your doctor assess your overall health and identify conditions such as infections, anemia, or diabetes that may be triggering the seizures. Blood tests may also help identify conditions such as kidney or liver damage that may affect your treatment and to monitor for the possible occurrence of medication-induced side effects.


Question: How can a chemistry panel help in the diagnosis of epilepsy?

Answer: This test includes an evaluation of sodium, potassium, and blood sugar levels. Kidney and liver function tests are also often included, in what is known as a complete metabolic panel. This test will help your doctor identify conditions such as electrolyte (such as sodium) imbalances, kidney or liver damage, and diabetes, which may either be causing your seizures or may affect the choice of the appropriate anticonvulsant medications prescribed for you (including the doses needed). Your doctor may decide to run various other blood tests, including blood levels of medications you may be taking for seizure control.


Question: What does a complete blood count (CBC) do for epilepsy?

Answer: The CBC measures (among other things): The number of red blood cells (which carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body) The number of white blood cells (which fight infection) Platelets (which help the blood clot in case of a injury or bleeding) Hemoglobin (the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen) Hematocrit (the percentage of blood that is made up of red blood cells) Mean corpuscular volume (size of the red blood cells) Another important blood test is known as a chemistry panel.


Question: What are the symptoms of renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension usually causes no symptoms. The narrowing in the arteries can't be felt. Unless it's dangerously high, high blood pressure causes no symptoms, either. Symptoms of severely elevated blood pressure include: Headache Confusion Blurry or double vision Bloody (pink-colored) urine Nosebleed The vast majority of people with renal hypertension never experience these (or any) symptoms.


Question: What is a renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension, also called renovascular hypertension, is elevated blood pressure caused by kidney disease. It can usually be controlled by blood pressure drugs. Some people with renal hypertension can be helped by angioplasty, stenting, or surgery on the blood vessels of the kidney.


Question: What causes renal hypertension?

Answer: Renal hypertension is caused by a narrowing in the arteries that deliver blood to the kidney. So they respond by releasing hormones that stimulate the body to retain sodium and water. Blood vessels fill with additional fluid, and blood pressure goes up.


Question: Should you see a doctor about your vertigo?

Answer: Before you try to treat it yourself, see your doctor. If you have vertigo, you'll need to know what type it is and which ear has the problem.


Question: How do you do the Semont maneuver to treat vertigo?

Answer: This exercise is similar to the Epley maneuver, though not as popular in the United States. For dizziness from the left ear and side: Sit on the edge of your bed. Turn your head 45 degrees to the right. Quickly lie down on your left side. Stay there for 30 seconds. Quickly move to lie down on the opposite end of your bed. Don't change the direction of your head. Keep it at a 45-degree angle and lie for 30 seconds. Look at the floor. Return slowly to sitting and wait a few minutes. Reverse these moves for the right ear. Again, do these moves three times a day until you go 24 hours without vertigo.


Question: How can you treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

Answer: If you have BPPV, certain actions can move the calcium crystals that cause the problem out of your ear canal. That should bring relief. Your doctor or a therapist can show you how to do these moves.


Question: What is the follow-up care after trying home treatments for vertigo?

Answer: For the rest of the day after doing any of these exercises, try not to tilt your head too far up or down. If you don't feel better after a week of trying these moves, talk to your doctor again, and ask her what she wants you to do next. You might not be doing the exercises right, or something else might be the cause of your dizziness.


Question: Can you treat vertigo from home?

Answer: That should bring relief. For dizziness from the left ear and side: Sit on the edge of your bed.


Question: What do you need to get for bathing your baby?

Answer: 3 to 4 pairs of booties or socks with stretch elastic band at cuff 3 to 4 receiving blankets 1 sweater and hat Baby bathtub (sloping with foam pad or flat with molded sponge insert) 4 terry cloth bath towels (hooded towels are OK, but not necessary) 4 to 6 washcloths Tearless shampoo Baby soap. Many brands make baby shampoo and soap all in one.


Question: What else do you need if you choose to use a waterproof sheet savers for your baby's crib?

Answer: If you choose to use the waterproof sheet savers you really only need 1 fitted crib sheet and 2 to 4 waterproof sheet savers. The fitted crib sheet should require few changes since the waterproof sheet savers on top will keep it dry. You do, however, want to get multiple waterproof sheet savers since you will need to change those regularly.


Question: What items should I get to have in the house for my baby?

Answer: Baby monitor Swing Baby book: Essential if you want to record your baby's firsts. Infant seat: A "bouncy" seat or swing are great! It gives you a safe place to put baby while you do things for yourself. High chair: You will use it when baby is 4 to 6 months old. Baby sling or pouch: These come in handy when you need to have your hands free to get things done around the house, but still carry your baby.


Question: What are tips for setting up a changing area for my baby?

Answer: Changing area: This can be on top of a dresser or a separate changing table. It is a good idea to purchase a pad to lay baby on top of when changing. You'll be changing a lot of diapers, so it's a good idea to have a comfortable surface at a good height that won't hurt your back. Never take your hand or eyes off baby when changing him or her, especially if your changing area is off the ground; babies can roll off the table at the blink of an eye. Most changing tables have a strap with a buckle to make sure baby doesn't roll off. It is always a good idea to use this.


Question: What do I need for my baby's crib?

Answer: 1 quilted mattress pad At least 2 fitted crib sheets (smaller sizes are sold for cradles, bassinets, or port-a-cribs) 2-4 waterproof mattress pads or waterproof sheets When making the crib, you have a few options.


Question: How should you choose a diaper bag?

Answer: Breast pump, manual or electric Pumping supplies such as sterilization bags and storage bottles When buying a diaper bag, pick one that has lots of pockets and places to store individual items. Also, keep in mind that your diaper bag often becomes your purse, so find one large enough to keep your wallet, keys, glasses, cell phone, and other items you need for yourself. It's a good idea to keep this bag packed with the following items at all times so if you need to leave the house in a hurry -- especially if you have to take baby to the doctor unexpectedly -- you'll be ready: 5 to 6 diapers Disposable wipes Diaper rash cream or ointment Pad to lie your baby on top of when changing the diaper Plastic bags to wrap dirty diapers in until you can find a trash can to throw them out 2 sets of clothes for baby: Infant onesies, socks, hat, baby outfit Blanket 2 clean bottles, bottle water, and powdered formula (if bottle feeding) Burp cloth Pacifier (if using) Baby toy or rattle Baby Tylenol Sunscreen (although you should keep your infant in the shade.)


Question: Do I need a breast pump?

Answer: Breast pump for breastfeeding moms: Breast pumps allow you to pump milk so that someone else can feed your baby. This is important if you need to leave your baby for a significant amount of time (for example, if you are working). Breast pumps also come in handy when your breasts get engorged and baby is too sleepy to help you out. With a breast pump, you can pump some of the milk out and save it for when baby is ready to eat.


Question: Do I need a rocker or glider for my baby?

Answer: Rocking chair or glider: Although not essential, it's nice to have when feeding baby. Pick out one that has padded arms for extra support and comfort. A footrest adds additional comfort, especially if breastfeeding.


Question: Will I need to buy a crib mattress?

Answer: Crib mattress: Unfortunately, most cribs do not come with mattresses so you will need to purchase one. Pick out a mattress that has good back support, is not too soft, and meets all the fire-retardant regulations. Make sure that it fits securely in the crib and that there is no space around the mattress that the baby can get a limb or head stuck.


Question: How many undershirts should you get for your baby before it is born?

Answer: 6 sleepers/stretch suits (3 newborn to three-month size and 3 in six-month size).


Question: What do you need for the changing table for your baby?

Answer: Diapers (plan on using 70-90 per week for the first six weeks, then 50 per week) Disposable diaper wipes (alcohol-free) Diaper rash ointment or cream (such as Desitin or A& D or Boudreaux's) Gauze to protect area of circumcision if you elected one for your infant son Petroleum jelly to apply to the gauze for area of circumcision (so the baby's penis doesn't stick to the diaper) Pad for baby to lie on during changing Changing pad covers Diaper pail to dispose of soiled diapers 6 undershirts that snap on the bottom or tie on the side, commonly called "onesies" (3 in three-month size and 3 in six-month size) 3 to 4 infant gowns with elastic bottoms.


Question: Can babies have pillows or fluffy comforters in their crib?

Answer: Note: Babies should not have pillows or fluffy comforters in their crib. They also should not sleep with stuffed animals or toys. They could cause your baby to suffocate since he or she is not strong enough to roll over or push them away.


Question: When should you give your baby its first bath?

Answer: You may want to check with your baby's doctor before the first bath. Most doctors recommend that you wait until the umbilical cord has fallen off and the circumcision site has healed before giving your baby a tub bath. In the meantime sponge baths work great.


Question: What kind of thermometer should you get your baby?

Answer: Thermometer: There are many types available. Some doctors prefer that you use a rectal thermometer to get the most accurate temperature. A digital, plastic thermometer that you can place under your baby's armpit may be easy for you to use for the first six months, but a rectal temperature is the most accurate in the first 3 months of life. Ear thermometers can be used after age 3 months.


Question: Should you put sunscreen on your baby?

Answer: If your baby is younger than 6 months, keep her out of the sun as much as possible. But no matter how old she is, apply a baby-friendly sunscreen if she'll be exposed to sunlight.


Question: What should you put in your diaper bag?

Answer: It's a good idea to keep this bag packed with the following items at all times so if you need to leave the house in a hurry -- especially if you have to take baby to the doctor unexpectedly -- you'll be ready: 5 to 6 diapers Disposable wipes Diaper rash cream or ointment Pad to lie your baby on top of when changing the diaper Plastic bags to wrap dirty diapers in until you can find a trash can to throw them out 2 sets of clothes for baby: Infant onesies, socks, hat, baby outfit Blanket 2 clean bottles, bottle water, and powdered formula (if bottle feeding) Burp cloth Pacifier (if using) Baby toy or rattle Baby Tylenol Sunscreen (although you should keep your infant in the shade.)


Question: How many sleepers should you get your baby before it is born?

Answer: 6 sleepers/stretch suits (3 newborn to three-month size and 3 in six-month size). These are nice to put baby in during the day, but are not essential items. When buying these, make sure you get the kind that zip up the front. These are easier to get baby in and out.


Question: Can your baby go in the sun?

Answer: If your baby is younger than 6 months, keep her out of the sun as much as possible. Their skin is thinner and more sensitive. Cover them up with clothes and a hat, limit their time in the sun (especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun is strongest), don't let them get overheated, and get them out of the sun right away if they show any signs of sunburn or dehydration, including fussiness, redness, and excessive crying.


Question: Is it safe to give my newborn a pain a pain reliever/fever reducer?

Answer: You may choose to use a waterproof mattress pad on the bottom and put the fitted crib sheet on top of that, or you may want to look into purchasing a waterproof pad/sheet (called sheet-savers) that goes on top of the fitted crib sheet. Pain reliever/fever reducer medicine: Do not use aspirin! Ask your pediatrician about the proper dose based on your baby's weight. Keep your baby in the shade as much as you can.


Question: How should I wash my baby's clothes and bedding?

Answer: Although it is not necessary, you may want to wash all clothing and bedding in a detergent safe for babies. Wash all infant clothing, bedding, and towels, prior to first use. To remove tough stains (such as spit-up), spot-treat the item with one of these detergents or soak prior to washing. Their skin is thinner and more sensitive.


Question: What are some items to get for your baby's medicine cabinet?

Answer: Acetaminophen is the only pain reliever/fever reducer approved for for the first 6 months of life. Small gauze squares to clean wounds.


Question: What is intravenous or injected magnesium used for?

Answer: Intravenous or injected magnesium is used to treat other conditions, such as eclampsia during pregnancy and severe asthma attacks. Magnesium is also the main ingredient in many antacids and laxatives.


Question: Do people take enough magnesium?

Answer: Experts say that many people in the U. S. aren't eating enough foods with magnesium. Adults who consume less than the recommended amount of magnesium are more likely to have elevated inflammation markers. Inflammation, in turn, has been associated with major health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Also, low magnesium appears to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There's some evidence that eating foods high in magnesium and other minerals can help prevent high blood pressure in people with prehypertension.


Question: When should you check your magnesium levels?

Answer: Also, low magnesium appears to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. If you take any of these medicines on a long-term basis, your health care provider may check your magnesium level with a blood test.


Question: What is magnesium?

Answer: Magnesium helps keep blood pressure normal, bones strong, and the heart rhythm steady. Magnesium is also the main ingredient in many antacids and laxatives.


Question: What happens before an MRI exam?

Answer: Personal items such as your watch, wallet (including any credit cards with magnetic strips that can be erased by the magnet), and jewelry should be left at home if possible or removed prior to the MRI scan. Secured lockers are available to store personal possessions.


Question: What happens during an MRI exam?

Answer: You may be asked to wear a hospital gown during the MRI scan. As the MRI scan begins, you will hear the equipment making a variety of different sounds, including a muffled thumping sound or banging sound that will last for several minutes at a time. Other than that sound, you should experience no unusual sensations during the scanning. Certain MRI exams require an injection of a contrast material. This helps identify abnormalities in certain parts of the body on the scan images. Feel free to ask questions and tell the technologist or doctor if you have any concerns.


Question: What is magnetic resonance imaging?

Answer: Disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord are detected by MRI in more than 90% of people suspected of having MS. MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. It uses a large magnet, radio waves and a computer to produce these images. MRI can often detect damaged areas in the brain or spinal cord that would be missed by other imaging techniques such as a CAT scan.


Question: Is the magnetic resonance imaging exam safe?

Answer: The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea.


Question: What happens during the magnetic resonance imaging exam?

Answer: You may be asked to wear a hospital gown during the MRI scan. As the MRI scan begins, you will hear the equipment making a variety of different sounds, including a muffled thumping sound or banging sound that will last for several minutes at a time. Other than that sound, you should experience no unusual sensations during the scanning. Certain MRI exams require an injection of a contrast material. This helps identify abnormalities in certain parts of the body on the scan images.


Question: What conditions should your doctor know about before a magnetic resonance imaging exam?

Answer: Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam.


Question: What happens before the magnetic resonance imaging  exam?

Answer: Personal items such as your watch, wallet (including any credit cards with magnetic strips that can be erased by the magnet), and jewelry should be left at home if possible or removed prior to the MRI scan. Secured lockers are available to store personal possessions.


Question: Why do you need to get magnetic resonance imaging?

Answer: To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS. However, 5% of people with MS do not have abnormalities detected on MRI; thus, a "negative" scan does not completely rule out MS. In addition, some common changes of aging may look like MS on a MRI.


Question: How long does an MRI take?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam. In most cases, the procedure takes 40 to 80 minutes; during that time, several dozen images may be taken.


Question: Is an MRI safe?

Answer: The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam.


Question: Can multiple sclerosis be diagnosed with an MRI?

Answer: Disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord are detected by MRI in more than 90% of people suspected of having MS. MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS.


Question: What are the symptoms of sickle cell crisis?

Answer: The most common sign is pain that might be dull, stabbing, throbbing, or sharp, and seems to come out of nowhere. How severe it is and how long it lasts varies with different people and different crises. Some people have crises here and there, while others may have them every month.


Question: What are at home treatments for sickle cell crisis?

Answer: Often, you can treat the pain at home. When a crisis first starts, your doctor will likely suggest you drink plenty of liquids and take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Talk to your doctor to see what's safe for you. For example, if you have a kidney problem, acetaminophen might be the better choice. For more severe pain, your doctor may give you a stronger medicine. You can also try a heating pad, hot bath, or a massage. Physical therapy may provide some relief, too. And don't forget to tend to your mind. Counseling, relaxation methods like meditation, and seeking support from family and friends are key steps in keeping yourself well. If you can't manage the pain at home, go to an emergency room, where they can give you stronger pain medicine. You may need to stay in the hospital until the pain is under control.


Question: What are the causes of sickle cell crisis?

Answer: You might feel the pain anywhere in your body and in more than one place, but it's often in your: Arms and legs Belly Chest Hands and feet (more typical in young children) Lower back You may also have: Breathing problems Extreme tiredness Headache or dizziness Painful erections in males Weakness or a hard time moving some parts of your body Yellowish skin color (jaundice) Typically, you won't know why you had a crisis, and there may be more than one cause. Possible triggers include: Being at high altitudes (mountain climbing, for example) Changes in temperature, like if you go from a warm house into a cold winter day and you haven't bundled up Illness Not having enough to drink (dehydration) Stress Two new drugs have shown promise.


Question: How are bladder infections treated?

Answer: If it doesn't, it's usually treated with antibiotics. You usually start to feel better in a day or so, but be sure take all the medicine as directed. Women with a basic infection usually take antibiotics for 3 to 7 days, though some doctors may give you an antibiotic you can take just once. For stronger infections, or if you get them often, you may take antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. And, if you have another health condition, such as diabetes, you may get a stronger antibiotic to take over a longer time. For women past menopause, your doctor may also suggest a vaginal cream with estrogen, if it's safe for you. For men who have a bladder infection caused by a prostate infection, you may be on antibiotics for several weeks. Your doctor may also give you medicine to help with symptoms such as pain or the constant urge to pee.


Question: How is a UTI diagnosed?

Answer: You'll take a urine test. Your doctor will test it for bacteria and red and white blood cells. A urine culture may also be checked.


Question: What are the symptoms of a UTI?

Answer: If you have a UTI, you may have: An urgent need to pee, or peeing more often Trouble with peeing A burning sensation or cramps in your lower back or lower belly A burning feeling when you pee Urine that looks cloudy or has an odor Hormones are one reason.


Question: Where does a UTI happen?

Answer: A urinary tract infection happens in the body's urinary system, which includes your: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder) Bladder Urethra (a short tube that carries urine from your bladder to outside your body) Bacteria cause most UTIs.


Question: What's the treatment for a UTI?

Answer: You'll take antibiotics for 3-7 days or as your doctor recommends. Take all of your medication on schedule anyway. Don't stop it early, even if your symptoms fade.


Question: What should you do if you get a UTI during pregnancy?

Answer: Most of these infections are limited to the bladder and urethra. But sometimes they can lead to a kidney infection. If they do, UTIs may lead to preterm labor (giving birth too early) and low birth weight. Your symptoms should go away in 3 days. If you need a lubricant when you have sex, choose a water-based one.


Question: How can someone help someone during an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: How to help: Call a doctor right away. AFib episodes rarely cause serious problems, but they'll need to get checked out with a physical exam. If they're uncomfortable or their heart is beating rapidly, call 911 or go to an emergency room. Doctors may use medications or a device called a defibrillator to help their heart go back to a normal rhythm.


Question: What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: The symptoms: Remember the initials F. A. S. T. Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911 Stroke can also bring on a severe headache, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, trouble speaking, or numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How to help: Call 911.


Question: What is an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: What it is: When the heart beats irregularly, causing it to flutter, race, pound, or noticeably skip beats, that's an AFib episode.


Question: How can someone help someone who is having a heart attack?

Answer: How to help: If they have these warning signs, call 911 right away, even if you're not sure it's a heart attack. It's better to be wrong than to wait too long. The 911 operator will stay on the phone with you until help arrives. Tell them that the person has AFib. They may give you specific instructions for while you wait.


Question: How does listing medications and other health conditions for atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients help medical professionals?

Answer: To get started, make a list of their health conditions and the medications they take. That way, you can share the list with medical professionals during any emergency. If your loved one takes blood thinners, they should wear a medical bracelet or tag saying so. You'll also want to know what happens during an AFib episode, heart attack, and stroke, and the different warning signs of each.


Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: The symptoms: The main ones are discomfort, pain, pressure, or heaviness in the chest. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. Important: Women don't always have "typical" symptoms. They may vomit or feel tingling or pain in their back, shoulders, arm, or jaw.


Question: What are the symptoms of an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: The symptoms: Your loved one may be very tired and short of breath. They may feel faint, anxious, or confused.


Question: What is a heart attack?

Answer: What it is: A heart attack happens when blood doesn't flow to the organ like it should because of a blockage. This can damage its tissue and could be deadly.


Question: How can an irregular heartbeat cause complications?

Answer: When you're prepared to spot and handle what's going on, you can help your loved one get the medical care they need faster, and ease your worries, too. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion.


Question: Are there potential side effects of systemic psoriasis drugs?

Answer: At the same time, systemic psoriasis drugs can have more side effects. Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you.


Question: What are the different levels of psoriasis?

Answer: Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected.


Question: How is the severity of psoriasis divided?

Answer: If you're thinking about systemic treatment, think about how severe your psoriasis is. Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. A doctors' rule of thumb: Topical therapies can help limited psoriasis. For moderate to severe psoriasis, putting topical creams to all the skin that's affected may be unrealistic. Most doctors recommend systemic treatment, in that case. Doctors also often recommend that people still use topical creams, solutions, or ointments while taking systemic treatments. The combination leads to better results than either treatment used alone.


Question: What are the topical therapies used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: A topical therapy is any psoriasis treatment that's put on the skin. Absorption into the bloodstream and other effects to your body are minimal. Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body.


Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis?

Answer: Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. These treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Advanced psoriasis treatments include: Oral medications (pills) like acitretin ( Soriatane), apremilast ( Otezla), cyclosporine, and methotrexate Biologic therapies, including adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Remicade), ixekizumab ( Taltz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), and ustekinumab ( Stelara). These are injectable drugs. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.


Question: How can the severity of your psoriasis affect you?

Answer: Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. These are injectable drugs. Doctors and people with psoriasis don't always agree on what's mild and what's serious. Psoriasis can affect self-image and make people self-conscious. This can even lead to depression and social isolation.


Question: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis treatments?

Answer: These can be more effective and convenient than topicals. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.


Question: How is psychodynamic therapy different from other therapies for depression?

Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is one of three main types of therapy used to treat depression. The other two are cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) and interpersonal therapy ( IPT). With IPT the emphasis is on identifying issues and problems in interpersonal relationships and learning ways to address and improve them. Both CBT and IPT are also time-limited, short-term therapies. In psychodynamic therapy, the patient is encouraged to talk freely about whatever happens to be on his or her mind. Another distinction between the types of therapies is that psychodynamic therapy is not necessarily a short-term, time-limited treatment.


Question: What is psychodynamic therapy, and how can it help treat depression?

Answer: Psychodynamic therapy is the kind of talk therapy many people imagine when they think of psychological treatment for depression. That's because the image of the psychiatrist and patient probing the past is a staple of our popular culture. It can be found on sitcoms or in jokes. By making the unconscious elements of their life a part of their present experience, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings.


Question: How can apps help me manage my chemotherapy?

Answer: It's important to eat right when you're getting cancer treatment. Many hospitals also have websites and apps where you can make appointments, check your test results, or order prescriptions. A slew of apps can help you make sure you take your drugs on time.


Question: What are symptoms of liver disease in dogs?

Answer: Your dog's symptoms may include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Vomiting or diarrhea Increased thirst An unstable walk Increased need to pee Confusion Yellowish eyes, tongue, or gums (jaundice) Signs of weakness Blood in his pee or poop Seizures Ascites (a build-up of fluid in the belly) If your dog's liver disease isn't caught early, it can lead to a serious brain condition called hepatic encephalopathy.


Question: How do vets diagnose liver problems in dogs?

Answer: Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications. The vet may want to do blood tests and X-rays or an ultrasound to get a picture of what is going on with your dog's liver. He may also want to take a biopsy -- remove a small tissue sample for testing.


Question: What causes liver problems in dogs?

Answer: Sometimes it's genetic. But it can also be brought on by infection or trauma to the area. Some diseases and medications can hurt your dog's liver. Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications.


Question: How do you prevent liver disease in dogs?

Answer: Take him to the vet for his yearly exams and vaccinations. Make sure your vet is aware of any drugs or supplements he may take. Be mindful of what you feed your dog. Fatty foods can hurt his liver. And don't let your dog roam free in areas where there may be poisonous plants or insects.