Question: What medications are used to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Once your heart rate is under control, they may suggest long-term treatment with a wider choice of beta-blockers: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta, Ziac) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Esmolol ( Brevibloc) Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol) Nadolol ( Corgard) Pindolol ( Visken) Timolol ( Betimol, Istalol) Or they might have you try one of the calcium channel blockers -- diltiazem or verapamil.


Question: What can happen if you don't get treated for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: If you don't get treated, over time the condition can damage your heart muscle and lead to heart failure.


Question: What causes atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: You might feel: Like your heart is beating too fast Chest pain Dizzy Faint Short of breath Tired Weak Electrical signals make your heart beat in a coordinated way. First, the atria squeeze, or contract. Then the signal travels to the lower chambers, or ventricles. They squeeze and pump out blood to your lungs and body. In AFib, these signals don't go out correctly. Instead of contracting, the atria quiver. The flutters are too weak to send enough blood into the ventricles. In AFib with rapid ventricular response, the ventricles also beat too fast. These beats are too weak to push enough blood out of the heart to your lungs and body.


Question: When do you need cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Then, your doctor will put the paddles on your chest, and sometimes your back. These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. Most people only need one. If you’re more stable, you’ll just get heart rate medications and you and the doctor can decide if you need cardioversion later.


Question: Do you need a pacemaker to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: When your heart's electrical signals aren't working right, it can lead to a heartbeat that's too fast or too slow. These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. If you’re more stable, you’ll just get heart rate medications and you and the doctor can decide if you need cardioversion later.


Question: How can you deal with irritable bowel syndrome at work?

Answer: Let them know that symptoms may force you to leave a meeting or go to the bathroom often, but that you'll be able to do your job after the pain and discomfort subsides. If your supervisor isn't sympathetic, you may want to ask your doctor to write a note explaining that IBS is a real illness, and that certain symptoms may occur.


Question: How much does it cost to care for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: The direct and indirect cost of irritable bowel syndrome in the U. S. has been estimated at between at about $1.5 billion each year.


Question: What are the costs of care for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: The direct and indirect cost of irritable bowel syndrome in the U. S. has been estimated at between at about $1.5 billion each year. The numbers alone are staggering.


Question: How should I give myself time to prepare if I have irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: To reduce your own potential economic loss, Roberts suggests giving yourself time to prepare for work. He has IBS, and gives himself at least two hours to get ready in the morning.


Question: What are the treatments for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Once IBS symptoms do flare up at work, little can be done except to bear through the discomfort and pain. Deep breathing and walking around may help during episodes of pain. But experts say the best way to deal with IBS at work is to try to prevent symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent IBS symptoms. Some drugs may take a few weeks to take full effect.


Question: What are some natural ways to treat irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Other strategies that may help prevent flare-ups of IBS symptoms at work include: Changes in your diet Stress management Acupuncture and other alternative therapies Talk with a doctor about which IBS prevention and treatment strategies may work best for you.


Question: How does  irritable bowel syndrome affect a person's ability to work?

Answer: Even getting ready to go to work can be hard for people who have some types of IBS. It's not unusual for people with IBS to have four to five bowel movements before they leave the house, says Jeffrey Roberts, founder of the IBS Patient Support Group. They often miss or are late for work, school, and other activities. But experts say the best way to deal with IBS at work is to try to prevent symptoms.


Question: Should I consider treatment to prevent irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Once at work, he does the best he can to deal with IBS symptoms. " But experts say the best way to deal with IBS at work is to try to prevent symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent IBS symptoms. Some drugs may take a few weeks to take full effect. Jacks suggests regular exercise. " Roberts recommends behavioral therapy for IBS, which could include hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and relaxation techniques. Other strategies that may help prevent flare-ups of IBS symptoms at work include: Changes in your diet Stress management Acupuncture and other alternative therapies Talk with a doctor about which IBS prevention and treatment strategies may work best for you.


Question: Should I tell someone at work that I have irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Let your supervisor know you have IBS without giving too many personal details. This may mean explaining IBS and its symptoms. It's also important to let your manager know that while you don't always have control over IBS symptoms, you are a dedicated worker and will deal with the situation accordingly, says Roberts. Let them know that symptoms may force you to leave a meeting or go to the bathroom often, but that you'll be able to do your job after the pain and discomfort subsides. If your supervisor isn't sympathetic, you may want to ask your doctor to write a note explaining that IBS is a real illness, and that certain symptoms may occur. Other strategies that may help prevent flare-ups of IBS symptoms at work include: Changes in your diet Stress management Acupuncture and other alternative therapies Talk with a doctor about which IBS prevention and treatment strategies may work best for you.


Question: How can eating a healthy diet help in recovering from depression?

Answer: But a sensible eating plan will keep you feeling healthy and give you the nutrients you need. Don't rely on popular diets that cut out food groups and sharply restrict what you can eat. Just focus on the basics: watch your calories, eat lots of vegetables, whole grains, and fruits, and limit fat and sugar. Since caffeine can make you anxious, cut back on soda, coffee, tea, and chocolate.


Question: How can staying connected with family and friends help in recovering from depression?

Answer: Set aside time to do things that you used to enjoy doing. Get out with your family or friends. Or take up a hobby that used to give you pleasure. Staying active -- and connected with the people in your life -- may help you feel better.


Question: How can alcohol and drug avoidance help in recovering from depression?

Answer: Alcohol and drugs can add to your depression and make it worse. Depression and substance abuse often go together. In addition, alcohol and drugs can prevent your antidepressants from working as well as they should. If you have a substance abuse problem, you need to get help now. Addiction or abuse can prevent you from fully recovering from depression.


Question: Will I need a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test if I have Hashiomoto's thyroiditis?

Answer: The exact dose your doctor prescribes will depend on a number of factors, including: age weight severity of hypothyroidism other health problems other medicines that may interact with synthetic thyroid hormones Once you start treatment, your doctor will order a lab test called a thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) test to monitor thyroid function and help ensure you are getting the right dose.


Question: Is there a cure for Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Answer: There is no cure for Hashimoto's, but replacing hormones with medication can regulate hormone levels and restore your normal metabolism.


Question: What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Answer: In people with Hashimoto's, the immune system attacks the thyroid. This can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid does not make enough hormones for the body's needs.


Question: Do genes play a role in causing Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Answer: This can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid does not make enough hormones for the body's needs. The exact cause of Hashimoto's is not known, but many factors are believed to play a role.


Question: How is a colonoscopy used to diagnose blood in stool?

Answer: A procedure similar to an EGD except that the scope is inserted through the rectum to view the colon. As with an EGD, colonoscopy can be used to collect tissue samples to biopsy.


Question: How is a barium X-ray used to diagnose blood in stool?

Answer: A procedure that uses a contrast material called barium to make the digestive tract show up on an X-ray. The barium may either be swallowed or inserted into the rectum.


Question: How can colitis cause blood in the stool?

Answer: Inflammation of the colon. Among the more common causes are infections or inflammatory bowel disease.


Question: How is a nasogastric lavage used to diagnose blood in stool?

Answer: A test that may tell your doctor whether bleeding is in the upper or lower digestive tract. The procedure involves removing the contents of the stomach through a tube inserted into the stomach through the nose. If the stomach does not contain evidence of blood, the bleeding may have stopped or is more likely in the lower digestive tract.


Question: How is blood in stool diagnosed?

Answer: It is important to have a doctor evaluate any bleeding in the stool. Any details you can give about the bleeding will help your doctor locate the site of bleeding. For example, a black, tarry stool is likely an ulcer or other problem in the upper part of the digestive tract. Bright red blood or maroon-colored stools usually indicate a problem in the lower part of the digestive tract such as hemorrhoids or diverticulitis.


Question: How can an anal fissure cause blood in the stool?

Answer: A small cut or tear in the tissue lining the anus similar to the cracks that occur in chapped lips or a paper cut. Fissures are often caused by passing a large, hard stool and can be painful.


Question: How can esophageal problems cause blood in the stool?

Answer: Varicose veins of the esophagus or tears in the esophagus can lead to severe blood loss.


Question: How can polyps or cancer cause blood in the stool?

Answer: Usually diverticula don't cause problems, but sometimes they can bleed or become infected. Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the U. S. It often causes bleeding that is not noticeable with the naked eye.


Question: What other lab tests are used to diagnose blood in stool?

Answer: After getting a medical history and doing a physical exam, the health care provider may order tests to determine the cause of bleeding. The doctor can use this to look for the source of bleeding.


Question: How can blood in the stool vary?

Answer: Sometimes the amount of blood is so small that it can only be detected by a fecal occult test (which checks for hidden blood in the stool). At other times it may visible on toilet tissue or in the toilet after a bowel movement as bright red blood. Bleeding that happens higher up in the digestive tract may make stool appear black and tarry. A test that may tell your doctor whether bleeding is in the upper or lower digestive tract.


Question: How can angiodysplasia cause blood in the stool?

Answer: A condition in which fragile, abnormal blood vessels lead to bleeding. The doctor can use this to look for the source of bleeding.


Question: How can tumors lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Cancer or benign tumors can cause severe hearing loss. This includes acoustic neuroma, paraganglioma, and meningioma. People who have one might also have numbness in their face or weakness and ringing in their ear.


Question: What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer: There are three main types of hearing loss: Conductive hearing loss happens because of a problem in the ear canal, eardrum, or the middle ear that prevents sound from carrying well to the inner ear. An ear infection, trauma, a tumor, or fluid or an object in the ear (such as wax buildup) can cause it.


Question: Can illness or infection lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Measles, mumps, syphilis, and meningitis are just a few of the conditions that can cause hearing loss.


Question: How can trauma lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Injuries like a skull fracture or a punctured eardrum can cause severe hearing loss.


Question: How can genes lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Scientists have found genes that make people more prone to severe hearing loss, particularly as they age. Most of the time, newborn screening tests find genetic hearing loss, but it can show up later.


Question: What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer: Sensorineural hearing loss happens most often from damage to the hair cells in the inner ear. Other causes include damage to the nerve for hearing, called the auditory nerve, or the brain. It's usually happens as you get older, but it also can happen because of noise exposure, chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, and your genes.


Question: How can a malformed ear lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Some people are born with poorly formed ears.


Question: How can autoimmune disorders lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, for example, may affect hearing. It's one of the main features of several autoimmune disorders, including Cogan's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Behcet's disease.


Question: How can an object stuck in the ear lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: When your hearing is normal, sound waves enter your outer ear and cause your eardrum and middle ear bones to vibrate. Earwax can sometimes build up and harden, which can make it hard to hear.


Question: How can loud noise lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: Sensorineural hearing loss happens most often from damage to the hair cells in the inner ear. How much hearing you lose depends on the volume of the sound and how long you were around it.


Question: When should you see a doctor about hearing loss?

Answer: See your doctor as soon as you have trouble hearing. The earlier you get a diagnosis and treatment, the more you can stay involved in the world around you. Those signals go to your brain where they are turned into sounds you can recognize.


Question: How can age lead to severe hearing loss?

Answer: As the fluid moves, it sets in motion thousands of tiny hairs that convert the sound vibrations into nerve signals. Hearing loss happens when there's a problem with the parts of the ear that you use to hear. Hearing loss can get worse over several years.


Question: Should I take medications for my migraines if I am pregnant?

Answer: If you're pregnant -- or planning to get pregnant soon -- your doctor will generally advise you to stay off medications unless they're absolutely needed. Together, you'll have to weigh the potential effects of a drug on your unborn baby. In some cases, a decision will need to be made based on scant or inconclusive research into a particular drug. Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. That's because they've been linked to birth defects in babies. Other medications are associated with pregnancy complications. For instance, some have been associated with bleeding, miscarriage, or intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR), a condition in which the uterus and fetus don't grow normally.


Question: What should I write down each time I have a headache?

Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.


Question: How can a headache diary help my migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: A headache diary can let you track your particular triggers. This will help your doctor decide on what treatment will work best to relieve your specific symptoms. It may also help you recognize a pattern that tells you which triggers to avoid while you're pregnant.


Question: Does estrogen play a role in migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Estrogen is thought to play a role in migraines. That's why pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause often change a woman's pattern of migraine headaches.


Question: What are some self-care tips for migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Your first line of defense against migraine headaches is a healthy lifestyle and self-care. Here are some tips to help you manage migraines during pregnancy: Avoid your known triggers, such as specific foods, as much as possible.


Question: Are ergotamines used to treat migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Ergotamines work specifically for migraine pain. But doctors advise against taking these drugs during pregnancy. They carry a risk of birth defects, especially if taken in the first trimester. These drugs may also stimulate labor contractions and premature birth.


Question: What can trigger a migraine during pregnancy?

Answer: Hormone changes during pregnancy are not the only thing that can trigger migraine headaches. Most women have a combination of triggers. For instance, stress, skipped meals, and lack of sleep may all trigger a migraine.


Question: What do you need to know about migraine headaches and pregnancy?

Answer: If you're pregnant, you're no doubt experiencing new aches and pains. If you're also one of the millions of pregnant women who experience migraines, you might be glad to know that pregnancy eases migraine headache symptoms for many women.


Question: Are triptans used to treat migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway. Triptans aren't known to cause birth defects. But most research to date has focused on animals, not humans. Some experts still warn about combining triptans with two common classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) The combination was thought to carry the risk of a life-threatening condition called "serotonin syndrome." But many doctors now believe that it is safe for many people to take both medicines. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.


Question: Are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to treat migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including aspirin, may carry a risk of bleeding and miscarriage if taken near the time of conception. There is also a possible risk of heart complications in the baby if they are taken in the third trimester. Aspirin taken near delivery may lead to excess blood loss in mothers during birth.


Question: What medications are used for migraine headaches in pregnancy?

Answer: If you're pregnant -- or planning to get pregnant soon -- your doctor will generally advise you to stay off medications unless they're absolutely needed. Together, you'll have to weigh the potential effects of a drug on your unborn baby. In some cases, a decision will need to be made based on scant or inconclusive research into a particular drug. Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. That's because they've been linked to birth defects in babies. Other medications are associated with pregnancy complications. For instance, some have been associated with bleeding, miscarriage, or intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR), a condition in which the uterus and fetus don't grow normally.


Question: What are common headache triggers during pregnancy?

Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.


Question: What can you do to avoid triggers of migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: A headache diary can let you track your particular triggers. This will help your doctor decide on what treatment will work best to relieve your specific symptoms. It may also help you recognize a pattern that tells you which triggers to avoid while you're pregnant.


Question: How to triptans work to treat migraine headaches in pregnancy?

Answer: Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway. Triptans aren't known to cause birth defects. But most research to date has focused on animals, not humans. Some experts still warn about combining triptans with two common classes of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) The combination was thought to carry the risk of a life-threatening condition called "serotonin syndrome." But many doctors now believe that it is safe for many people to take both medicines. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.


Question: What should you do if you have a migraine headache and are pregnant?

Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.


Question: How do ergotamines work to treat migraine headaches in pregnancy?

Answer: But doctors advise against taking these drugs during pregnancy. They carry a risk of birth defects, especially if taken in the first trimester. These drugs may also stimulate labor contractions and premature birth.


Question: How can you prevent migraine headaches in pregnancy?

Answer: If you have severe, recurring attacks, preventive treatment may stop future attacks or reduce their severity. Many of the drugs used for prevention were originally used for other conditions, such as high blood pressure. See a neurologist experienced with treating pregnant women. She'll prescribe a medicine in the lowest dose needed to help you and likely recommend some kind of talk therapy. Relatively safe medications for migraines include beta-blockers, such as propranolol and labetalol, as well as calcium channel blockers such as verapamil. When you're pregnant, always talk with your doctor before taking any drug, herbal product, or natural medicine. If you can't take medications or wish not to, there are some devices which might be worth considering. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead. This stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TMS is a magnet placed on the back of the head at the first sign of a headache. It gives off a split-second magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. It usually has no side effects. Also, gamma Core is a hand-held portable device which is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator (n VS). When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. If you're seeing a headache specialist, double-check with your obstetrician or certified midwife about the safety of any medications ordevices during pregnancy. While migraine pain may be excruciating, taking a risk with your baby's health could cause lifelong health problems for your child.


Question: Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) risk pregnancy?

Answer: Most NSAIDs, including ibuprofen -- sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin -- and naproxen -- sold as Aleve and other brands -- don't have enough controlled human research studies to assess all their risks in pregnancy.


Question: How long do migraines during pregnancy last?

Answer: Some migraines last a few hours. Others, if left untreated, could last a couple of days. Migraines are quite unpredictable. So while pregnancy may make them worse for one woman, they might completely disappear for another.


Question: What are common triggers of migraine headaches in pregnancy?

Answer: Each time you have a headache, write down: Your specific symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Food and beverages you had during the 24 hours before the migraine Any change in your environment, such as traveling to a new place, a change in weather, or trying new kinds of food Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Common headache triggers include: Chocolate Caffeine Foods that contain the preservatives MSG (monosodium glutamate) and nitrates Aspartame, the sweetener in Nutra Sweet and Equal Headaches can be caused by a pregnancy complication called preeclampsia.


Question: What causes migraine headaches during pregnancy?

Answer: But migraines appear to involve changes in nerve pathways, neurochemicals, and blood flow in the brain. Researchers believe that overly excited brain cells stimulate a release of chemicals. These chemicals irritate blood vessels on the brain's surface. That, in turn, causes blood vessels to swell and stimulate the pain response. This stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches.


Question: Are pain relievers used to treat the pain of migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: Hormone changes during pregnancy are not the only thing that can trigger migraine headaches. Pain relievers, also called analgesics, may help ease the intense pain of migraines. These general pain-relieving drugs, though, aren't specific to the migraine pain pathway: Acetaminophen is generally considered low-risk during pregnancy. Your doctor can tell you if either is safe for you and your unborn baby.


Question: Are narcotic pain relievers used to treat migraines  during pregnancy?

Answer: Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. There is a dual risk of addiction in both mothers and babies if they are used for prolonged periods of time.


Question: Are certain medications used to treat migraines during pregnancy?

Answer: For instance, stress, skipped meals, and lack of sleep may all trigger a migraine. Many of the anti-migraine medications to treat or prevent migraine headache and its symptoms should be avoided during pregnancy. But many of the drugs typically used for migraine haven't been adequately studied in pregnancy, so their safety or risk to the fetus has not been determined.


Question: What pain relievers are used to treat migraine headaches during pregnancy?

Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including aspirin, may carry a risk of bleeding and miscarriage if taken near the time of conception. There is also a possible risk of heart complications in the baby if they are taken in the third trimester. Aspirin taken near delivery may lead to excess blood loss in mothers during birth. Most NSAIDs, including ibuprofen -- sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin -- and naproxen -- sold as Aleve and other brands -- don't have enough controlled human research studies to assess all their risks in pregnancy. Narcotic pain relievers should generally be avoided. There is a dual risk of addiction in both mothers and babies if they are used for prolonged periods of time. Triptans work specifically on the migraine pain pathway.


Question: Should I track my migraine triggers with a migraine diary during pregnancy?

Answer: Hormone changes during pregnancy are not the only thing that can trigger migraine headaches. Most women have a combination of triggers. For instance, stress, skipped meals, and lack of sleep may all trigger a migraine. And something that triggers a migraine one day may not bother you at all the next. A headache diary can let you track your particular triggers.


Question: What happens when TNF causes too much inflammation?

Answer: Having the right amount of tumor necrosis factor in your body is important. If you're healthy, your body naturally takes care of this: It blocks any extra TNF you might have. That doesn't always happen in diseases like RA, so you end up with too much TNF in your blood. That leads to inflammation and painful symptoms.


Question: What is TNF?

Answer: If you have an immune system disease like rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), you may have heard your doctor use the term TNF. It's shorthand for tumor necrosis factor, a protein in your body that causes inflammation and helps coordinate the process.


Question: How can inflammation be a good thing?

Answer: It happens when your immune system -- your body's natural defense force -- is fighting a possible threat. For example, when you have a cold, your sinuses swell. When you get a cut, your finger turns warm and red. These things don't feel good, but they show your immune system is doing its job. These medications can be used to treat: Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Juvenile arthritis Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriasis Rheumatoid arthritis patients who have not responded sufficiently to TNF inhibitors may be prescribed baricitinib ( Olumiant) or tofacitinib ( Xeljanz).


Question: How can inflammation be a bad thing?

Answer: It's shorthand for tumor necrosis factor, a protein in your body that causes inflammation and helps coordinate the process. If you have a disease like RA or psoriatic arthritis, your immune system is confused about what to attack. It goes after healthy body parts, like your joints, by mistake. Your system gets flooded with inflammation, which often means you have too much tumor necrosis factor -- specifically, a type called TNF alpha.


Question: What can Medicare do to help the person with early-onset dementia?

Answer: Medicare: This federal health insurance program helps pay for some doctor's fees, medical items, outpatient prescription drugs, and all inpatient hospital care. It's for people over 65 who get Social Security retirement benefits. However, those with early-onset Alzheimer's are eligible after they get SSDI for at least 24 months. It also provides some short-term home health care in some cases.


Question: Why do you need an attorney for a person with early-onset dementia?

Answer: As soon as the person you're caring for is diagnosed with early-onset dementia, the two of you should meet with an attorney to create a Power of Attorney ( POA). This document gives you -- or whomever your loved one designates -- the right to make financial, property, and personal care decisions for the person with dementia. An attorney can also help your loved one create a will and other important legal documents.


Question: What can disability insurance do to help the person with early-onset dementia?

Answer: Specifically, ask about: Disability insurance: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is recognized by the Social Security Administration, so your loved one may be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance ( SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income ( SSI).


Question: How is inhaled insulin used today?

Answer: In June 2014, the FDA approved Afrezza. It's an inhaler with pre-measured, rapid-acting insulin you use before meals. It's not for diabetes emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). Common side effects of inhaled insulin are low blood sugar, a cough, and a scratchy or sore throat. If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll still need to take long-acting insulin, too, to help control your blood sugar. If you smoke or you have a lung disease, such as asthma or COPD, you shouldn't use inhaled insulin.


Question: What are the symptoms of mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Most people with mantle cell lymphoma have cancer cells in more than one lymph node and in other parts of the body. You may have symptoms such as: Loss of appetite and weight Fever Night sweats Nausea or vomiting Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin Heartburn, belly pain, or bloating A sense of fullness or discomfort from enlarged tonsils, liver, or spleen Pressure or pain in the lower back, often going down one or both legs Fatigue Your doctor will do a physical exam and may ask you questions such as: Have you lost weight recently?


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Do I need to see a doctor who specializes in treating non- Hodgkin's lymphomas? At what stage is my mantle cell lymphoma? How fast is it growing? Do I need treatment now, or can I "watch and wait?" What are my treatment options? Which treatments do you recommend? What are the possible side effects from treatment? How can they be managed? What follow-up care will I need? How will you check for any return of the cancer after my treatment ends?


Question: What is mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Mantle cell lymphoma is a cancer of white blood cells, which help your body fight infections. You may hear your doctor refer to your condition as a type of "non- Hodgkin's lymphoma." These are cancers of the lymphocytes, a specific type of white blood cell. Lymphocytes are found in your lymph nodes, the pea-sized glands in your neck, groin, armpits, and other places that are part of your immune system. If you have mantle cell lymphoma, some of your lymphocytes, called " B-cell" lymphocytes, change into cancer cells. This means they multiply quickly and out of control. These cancer cells start to form tumors in your lymph nodes. They may enter your blood or lymph channels and spread to other lymph nodes, as well as your bone marrow (the soft center where blood cells are made), digestive tract, spleen, and liver. Often, mantle cell lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body by the time you get a diagnosis. Although in most cases it can't be cured, treatment and support can help you live longer and better. And researchers are looking for new treatments that can do even more. It's normal to have worries and questions about any serious condition. Learn about your treatment options, and seek out family and friends for support. They can help you get through the emotional and physical challenges ahead.


Question: What should I expect from mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: Often, mantle cell lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body by the time you get a diagnosis. Your doctor may want to check a sample of the tissue in a lymph node. Since mantle cell lymphoma has often spread throughout your body by the time it's diagnosed, it can be hard to cure. They test new drugs to see if they are safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one might be a good fit for you.


Question: What tests will help diagnose mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer: The blood tests can reveal the number of blood cells you have, how well your kidneys and liver are working, and whether you have certain proteins in the blood that suggest you have mantle cell lymphoma. Biopsy. Your doctor may want to check a sample of the tissue in a lymph node. To do that, they'll remove either the whole lymph node or part of it. The lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, and groin are close to your skin. Your doctor will numb your skin. They'll then make a small cut and remove a sample of the lymph node. It's usually an outpatient procedure, which means you don't have to stay overnight in a hospital. Using a microscope, experts will look at the sample to see if there are cancer cells. They also test the tissue for cell changes and other signs that point to mantle cell lymphoma. Your doctor may also take samples of your bone marrow, usually from your hip bone, to see if the cancer has spread. You lie down on a table and get a shot that numbs the area. Then your doctor uses a needle to remove a small amount of liquid bone marrow. They will look at the sample under a microscope and check for cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest imaging tests to look for tumors throughout your body. These may include: CT scan. It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body. PET scan. This test uses a bit of radioactive material to look for signs of cancer. Colonoscopy. In this procedure, your doctor looks at the inside of your colon by inserting a thin, lighted tube into your rectum. You're not awake for this test, so you don't feel any pain. The colon, also called the large intestine, is a common place for mantle cell lymphoma to spread. These tests not only help to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma, they also allow doctors to "stage" the cancer. Your doctor collects the cells from your blood.


Question: What are other causes of diarrhea from diabetes?

Answer: Linagliptin ( Tradjenta) Miglitol ( Glyset) Saxagliptin ( Onglyza) Sitagliptin ( Januvia) Eating a lot of sugar-free sweeteners -- like maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol -- can cause diarrhea. They're from a family of compounds called sugar alcohols. Because your body doesn't break them down and absorb them completely, they pull extra water into your intestines. If you have type 1 diabetes, you are at higher risk for having celiac disease. People with this disorder can't eat gluten (a protein found in grains like wheat, rye, and barley) because it damages the small intestine.


Question: What is Metformin?

Answer: Metformin is in medicines many people take for type 2 diabetes. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose. Those side effects usually go away in a few weeks.


Question: What can you do if you have diarrhea or constipation from diabetes?

Answer: He can help you figure out what's going on and how to treat it. You may be able to manage diarrhea and constipation by having smaller meals more often, eating fiber-rich foods, or taking medicine. Keeping your blood sugar at your target level may help lessen symptoms and stop nerve damage from getting worse.


Question: How can diabetes lead to diarrhea or constipation?

Answer: But over time, high blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels and nerves in your body, including your digestive system. A speed-up or slow-down of the process in your intestines could result in diarrhea or constipation. Diabetes medications, certain foods, and related illnesses can cause diarrhea, too.


Question: How does nerve damage from diabetes cause diarrhea?

Answer: Fluid that lingers in your small intestine too long can allow too much bacteria to grow. This could lead to bloating, belly pain, and diarrhea. Nerve damage in your large intestine may let fluids move through too fast, or cause problems with absorbing and releasing fluid. If that's the case, your poop could be more watery, and you'll need to go more often and urgently.


Question: How common is nerve damage with diabetes?

Answer: When diabetes damages the nerves going to your stomach and intestines, they may not be able to move food through normally. This causes constipation, but you can also get alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, especially at night. Nerve damage in your large intestine may let fluids move through too fast, or cause problems with absorbing and releasing fluid. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose.


Question: How does diabetes affect your digestive tract?

Answer: But over time, high blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels and nerves in your body, including your digestive system. Metformin is in medicines many people take for type 2 diabetes. It helps lower your blood glucose and makes your body more sensitive to insulin, but it can also cause nausea and diarrhea when you first start taking it or raise the dose.


Question: How does nerve damage from diabetes cause constipation?

Answer: When diabetes damages the nerves going to your stomach and intestines, they may not be able to move food through normally. Your colon absorbs more moisture from the waste, which makes your poop harder -- and harder to pass. Constipation that lasts a long time can cause other health problems, such as fecal impaction, a hard lump of poop that blocks your rectum so nothing can get out.


Question: How often should you get exams for breast lumps?

Answer: If you have a high risk for breast cancer, get a mammogram every year. You may start getting them at a younger age, too. You may also get ultrasound screenings, too. Breast MRI screening tests, in addition to mammogram, is sometimes used in certain women with a high risk of breast cancer. Talk with your doctor to decide what's best for you.


Question: How are benign breast conditions caused by fibroadenomas or intraductal papillomas treated?

Answer: Fibroadenomas can be surgically removed.


Question: How are benign breast conditions caused by fibrocystic changes treated?

Answer: They don't require treatment, but your doctor may recommend ways to ease monthly tenderness.


Question: Does a breast lump mean infection?

Answer: Sometimes a painful lump, with or without redness, is the first sign of an infection. Mastitis is an infection most common in breastfeeding moms. It happens when bacteria get into the mammary ducts through your nipple. Infection happens in small pockets. You'll feel tender, warm lumps in your breast. For relief, try a hot shower and let the warm water flow over your breasts. A warm compress can also help. Sometimes your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic.


Question: When should you call your doctor about breast lumps?

Answer: If you notice any breast changes, call your doctor right away to get it checked, but don't panic. Most breast lumps are benign, which means they're not cancer. Benign breast lumps usually have smooth edges and can be moved slightly when you push against them. They are often found in both breasts.


Question: What causes benign breast lumps?

Answer: There are several common causes, including normal changes in breast tissue, breast infections, or injury.


Question: How are benign breast conditions caused by traumatic fat necrosis treated?

Answer: It can be hard to tell if a lump from traumatic fat necrosis is that or something else until your doctor does a biopsy. These usually don't need to be treated. But if the lump bothers you, the doctor can remove it.


Question: What will happen during your appointment for breast lumps?

Answer: Clear or bloody fluid coming out of the nipple Red skin on your breast or nipple The doctor will ask questions about your health history. They'll perform a breast exam to feel for lumps or other changes in the breast tissue and under your arms. If there's fluid coming out of your nipple, the doctor may order blood tests to check hormone levels and collect a sample to check for abnormal cells. They may also do a mammogram or ultrasound to see if the lump is solid or filled with fluid. Your doctor may order a test called a biopsy. He'll take a tiny sample of the lump with a needle or small cut and send it to a lab.


Question: How often does breast tissue change?

Answer: Breast tissue changes during a woman's entire life. It is sensitive to changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.


Question: Can men get breast lumps?

Answer: They are often found in both breasts. They can cause bleeding from the nipple. This noncancerous condition is called gynecomastia.


Question: What at home solutions can help my sinuses?

Answer: Use a saline solution to remove allergens, irritants, and excess mucus. You can use a drugstore saline spray. Or make your own solution at home and use a nasal irrigation system like a Neti pot, a gadget that looks like a teapot. You can get one at the drugstore.


Question: Can antihistamine allergy medicines treat sinus problems?

Answer: Antihistamine allergy medicines may help if your sinus problems are related to allergies. Over-the-counter products include cetirizine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, and loratadine. If your problems don't go away, talk to your doctor about getting an allergy skin test.


Question: How can decongestants treat sinus problems?

Answer: Decongestants reduce the swelling in your nose and can ease stuffiness and sinus pressure, too. You can get them in more than one form. Here's what to look for on the ingredients list: Nasal sprays: oxymetazoline or phenylephrine Pills: phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine A word of caution: Don't use a nasal decongestant spray for more than 3 days, and don't use a decongestant you take by mouth for more than 7 days.


Question: How does climate affect my sinus problems?

Answer: A dry climate and heated indoor air will both dry out the membranes in your nose. And when the mucus up in there dries, it gets thicker and is more likely to clog your sinuses. The result? Pain and pressure. The best solution: Get a room humidifier for your bedroom and use it while you're running the heat.


Question: Will a HEPA air filter help my sinuses?

Answer: Should you get a HEPA air filter for your bedroom or office? That depends on what irritates your sinuses. These filters are good at removing airborne particles related to dust mites, pollen, and pet dander. But those don't just stay in the air. They settle in your carpets, upholstery, and other areas. If allergies cause your sinus problems, ask your doctor if a HEPA air filter makes sense for you.


Question: How can you open up your sinuses to fight sinus problems?

Answer: Apply a warm, moist washcloth to your face several times a day. This can help open up spaces in your sinuses. To keep them moist, inhale steam two to four times a day. One simple way to get it done: Sit in the bathroom with a hot shower running. Drink plenty of fluids, too. That'll thin out your mucus and help you get rid of it.


Question: How can I make my own saline solution for a neti pot?

Answer: Or make your own solution at home and use a nasal irrigation system like a Neti pot, a gadget that looks like a teapot. You can get one at the drugstore. To make your own saline mixture, mix 3 teaspoons of salt with 1 teaspoon of baking soda and store in a sterile airtight container. To use, combine about 8 ounces of lukewarm water (distilled, sterile or previously boiled) with 1 teaspoon of the mixture. Place the spout into your top nostril and gently pour the solution in. The saline water will flow through your nasal cavity into the other nostril and out. Blow your nose to get rid of remaining water. Repeat the steps on your other nostril.


Question: Can you have an allergic reaction to silver fillings?

Answer: Allergic reactions to silver fillings are rare. Fewer than 100 cases have ever been reported, according to the American Dental Association. In these rare circumstances, mercury or one of the metals used in an amalgam restoration is thought to trigger the allergic response. Symptoms of amalgam allergy are similar to those experienced in a typical skin allergy and include skin rashes and itching. Patients who suffer amalgam allergies typically have a medical or family history of allergies to metals.


Question: What are the recommended treatments for an enlarged prostate?

Answer: The AUA recommends the following treatment for an enlarged prostate based on the severity of symptoms: Mild symptoms that don't bother you ( AUA score 0 to 7): If you are not bothered by your symptoms, and they don't affect your daily life, watchful waiting is the best option for you. You should get regular checkups to make sure that you are not developing complications. Moderate to severe symptoms ( AUA score of 8 or more): If you are not bothered by your symptoms, you may choose watchful waiting. However, if your symptoms do start to interfere, you may choose medication, a minimally invasive procedure, or surgery. Moderate to severe symptoms ( AUA score of 8 or more) with complications: If symptoms are bothersome and you have developed complications such as inability to urinate, you may need a catheter, surgery, or other treatment.


Question: What are side effects in treating enlarged prostate?

Answer: Side effects of treatments: Some BPH treatments cause erection problems, although that risk is low. Men who have normal erections before surgery will not likely have trouble afterward. Some treatments cause retrograde ejaculation (the man ejaculates into the bladder instead of through the urethra). Fertility can also be affected, but is still possible with newer assisted reproductive techniques.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about enlarged prostate?

Answer: If your enlarged prostate symptoms are mild and not bothersome, there's likely no need for treatment. One-third of men with mild BPH find that their symptoms clear up without treatment. They may just watch and wait. However, when enlarged prostate symptoms are bothersome or are affecting your quality of life or overall health, it's time to talk to your doctor about the treatment options. Together you will determine if you would benefit most from medication, a minimally invasive procedure, or surgery. It's important to talk with a doctor when you begin noticing changes in urinary function. You need to find out what's going on so you can be treated for enlarged prostate if necessary. For many men, especially those who are young when the prostate starts growing, getting early treatment can head off complications later on.


Question: How can a Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Symptom Index help you assess the symptoms of an enlarged prostate?

Answer: A score of 0 to 7 is considered a mild symptom score; 8 or over is considered moderate to severe. The AUA recommends the following treatment for an enlarged prostate based on the severity of symptoms: Mild symptoms that don't bother you ( AUA score 0 to 7): If you are not bothered by your symptoms, and they don't affect your daily life, watchful waiting is the best option for you. Am I ready to do something about this problem?


Question: What happens after you have a urine culture?

Answer: Your sample goes to a lab. Drops of your pee are put in a petri dish and stored at body temperature. Over the next few days, any bacteria or yeast in the sample will multiply and grow. A lab worker will look at the germs under the microscope. Their size, shape, and color tell which types are there. The lab worker will note how many are growing. If there are no harmful germs, the culture is called ânegative.â If there are bad germs growing, it's âpositive.â The most common thing that causes UTI's is E-coli â bacteria that live in your intestines. The lab may do more testing to see which drugs have the best chance of fighting the infection.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by a blood clot?

Answer: Most deep-vein blood clots happen in the lower leg or thigh. They're more likely to happen if you're inactive for long periods, like on a long flight or car ride. You're also at risk if you're overweight, or you smoke, or take certain medications. There's a chance a clot could break off into your bloodstream and travel to an artery in the lungs. If so, it could block blood flow. This is a serious condition called pulmonary embolism.


Question: What can you do to treat lower leg pain caused by broken bones or sprains?

Answer: Try the RICE treatment: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. For a more severe sprain or a broken bone (fracture), apply ice and see your doctor right away. You may need a cast or brace. You may also need physical therapy.


Question: What does recovery look like from lower leg pain caused by broken bones or sprains?

Answer: It will take time, but gradually you'll be able to walk comfortably, again. Go slow as you gradually increase your strength and put weight on the injured leg.


Question: What can you do to treat lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease?

Answer: Other treatments include medications to control cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Some people need surgery to improve blood flow to the area.


Question: What can you do to relieve lower leg pain caused by varicose veins?

Answer: Try support stockings to relieve the pain. And throughout the day, switch between standing and sitting. See your doctor about other types of treatment if your varicose veins are very painful.


Question: What should you do if you think you have lower leg pain because of a blood clot?

Answer: If you think you might have a blood clot, go to your doctor or emergency room right away.


Question: What can you do to relieve lower leg pain caused by shin splints?

Answer: Rest your legs to feel better. Ice helps. So can anti-inflammatory meds such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, if your doctor says these are safe for you. You can buy them over the counter. You might want to see your doctor if the pain stays. Try not to do anything that makes your leg hurt more. Once it feels a little better, do some stretches. The next time out, wear comfortable, supportive shoes. And don't run on hard surfaces if possible.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by shin splints?

Answer: You can feel this pain right up the front of your calf. The muscles and flesh along the edge of the shin bone become inflamed, so it hurts to walk, run, or jump. Doing activity over and over on hard surfaces can bring this on. You may also be more likely to get shin splints if you have flat feet or your feet turn outward.


Question: What can you do to prevent getting lower leg pain caused by blood clots?

Answer: Try support stockings to relieve the pain.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by varicose veins?

Answer: You might be familiar with these, because you can see them at the surface of the skin. They appear to be twisted, dark blue or purple veins, and are caused by weak valves and vein walls. They may cause a dull ache, especially after standing.


Question: Who is more likely to get lower leg pain caused by lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease?

Answer: Other treatments include medications to control cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by muscle cramps?

Answer: It can strike in your sleep or in the middle of the day. This sudden, tight, intense lower leg pain is sometimes called a "charley horse." When it takes a grip, it can get worse quickly. It happens when your muscles are tired or dehydrated. Drink more water if you're prone to leg cramps.


Question: What can you do to relieve lower leg pain caused by lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease?

Answer: But if your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, the pain may persist, even when you rest. Also, wounds may not heal well.


Question: How do you know if you have lower-leg pain caused by a narrowed spinal canal (stenosis) and sciatica?

Answer: A common cause of a narrowed spinal canal is arthritis of the spine. Sometimes a herniated disc puts pressure on nearby nerve roots, which can lead to symptoms of sciatica, such as: Burning, cramping leg pain when standing or sitting Numbness Tingling Fatigue Weakness Pain may begin in your back and hip, then later extend down into your leg. Rest is often the cure for other pains of the leg, but not this one. It doesn't help sciatica.


Question: What is the treatment for lower-leg pain caused by a narrowed spinal canal (stenosis) and sciatica?

Answer: Or take anti-inflammatories if your doctor says they're okay for you. The source of some pain is problems with your nerves. Physical therapy and stretching exercises are often useful. Gradually increase movement over time. Your doctor may also recommend other treatments or surgery if your pain doesn't get better.


Question: Is it normal to have lower leg pain?

Answer: It can strike in your sleep or in the middle of the day. You may also be more likely to get shin splints if you have flat feet or your feet turn outward.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by diabetic neuropathy?

Answer: A common cause of a narrowed spinal canal is arthritis of the spine. It can cause pain in both of your legs along with numbness and less sensation in the lower legs. Talk to your doctor about medications to control the pain and help manage your blood sugar levels.


Question: How do you know if your lower leg pain is caused by tendinitis?

Answer: It's a common injury that makes the tendon swell, stretch, or tear. You can get it from overworking the calf muscle or climbing the stairs. It might stick around for a long time, too. If your pain feels severe, your Achilles tendon may be torn.


Question: What can help lower leg pain?

Answer: But you can do things at home that help, too. Or take anti-inflammatories if your doctor says they're okay for you.


Question: How do I choose a pair of shoes for a 1-year-old?

Answer: Though you might be tempted to reach for the cutest shoes on the shelf, comfort and fit are the most important priorities for your baby's first pair of shoes. Go to a store that specializes in children's shoes and ask a salesperson to measure your baby's feet. Make sure there is enough room in the shoes for your baby's feet to grow. You'll probably need to go shoe shopping again in two or three months as your baby's feet continue to grow.


Question: What happens to your baby's motor skills at the 12 month mark?

Answer: Your 1-year-old should be standing alone, and may even have taken those first tentative solo steps. If she hasn't, hopefully you'll have your video camera ready to capture the moment when she does. One-year-olds are pretty good at doing a few things for themselves, such as eating with their fingers, helping their parents dress them, and turning the pages of a storybook. Your baby should be starting to use a few everyday items correctly, including a spoon, telephone, and hairbrush.


Question: What happens to your baby's communication at the 12 month mark?

Answer: In this portion of Web MD's month-by-month guide, you'll discover what baby milestones you can expect your child to achieve now that she's 1 year old. If she hasn't, hopefully you'll have your video camera ready to capture the moment when she does. Your baby's vocabulary is expanding quickly. At this point, mama really refers to mama, and dada really means dada. Be firm and let your child know that these behaviors are not acceptable. Meanwhile, reward good behaviors with praise or a treat.


Question: How can simplifying your life help you boost your mood?

Answer: If your life feels jam-packed with work and home chores, it can be hard to remember you even have an inner self. See if you can slow it down. Cut out what you can, especially when you're feeling low. Sometimes, you just need to tell yourself that it's OK to do less.


Question: How can being mindful help you boost your mood?

Answer: You simply watch your thoughts and notice the feelings on your body, all without judgment. Mindfulness works best when you set aside time to practice each day. In time, your notes will be like little crumbs that guide you on your way. It shifts your thoughts and helps you focus on the positive.


Question: What can you do if you think negative thoughts about yourself?

Answer: Tell yourself that story instead. Ask your inner voice for proof. Is it right or just a cranky loudmouth? Try to reframe whatever triggered it. If someone just treated you poorly, it may not really be about you. Maybe they're under a lot of stress and you just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. You might want to get back to your hobbies.


Question: How can you focus on your inner self to boost your mood?

Answer: Everything from meditation to just plain having fun can be part of the plan. But remember, it's best to start small. Pick one thing that feels right for you and make a habit of it. Over time, it'll add up to bigger changes. If your life feels jam-packed with work and home chores, it can be hard to remember you even have an inner self. Sometimes, you just need to tell yourself that it's OK to do less.


Question: What are speech therapy techniques for people with autism?

Answer: Speech therapy techniques might include: Electronic "talkers" Signing or typing Using picture boards with words, known as picture exchange communication systems that start out using pictures instead of words to help a child learn to communicate Using sounds to which a person is over- or under-sensitive to expand and compress speech sounds Improving articulation of speech by massaging or exercising lips or facial muscles Having individuals sing songs composed to match the rhythm, stress, and flow of sentences Some of these techniques are supported more by research than others.


Question: What are some communication challenges in a person with autism?

Answer: A person with autism may have one or more of these communication challenges: Trouble with conversational skills, which include eye contact and gestures Trouble understanding the meaning of words outside the context where they were learned Memorization of things heard without knowing what's been said Reliance on echolalia -- the repeating of another's words as they are being said -- as the main way to communicate Little understanding of the meaning of words or symbols Lack of creative language Because of these challenges, a child with autism must do more than learn how to speak.


Question: When is the best time to start speech therapy for autism?

Answer: They may also find it very hard to interact socially. Intensive, individualized treatment can help lessen the disabling isolation that may result from this social communication disability.


Question: What are the benefits of speech therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: Speech therapy can address a wide range of communication problems for people with autism. This makes it possible for people with autism to improve their ability to form relationships and function in day-to-day life.


Question: How can journaling help with breast cancer?

Answer: It will save your energy for more important things. Journaling can help you sleep better and ease fatigue. It can also make it easier to adjust to all the changes you're going through. Have you spent more time with someone you love? Taken the chance to try something new? Keep those good things fresh in your mind by writing about them.


Question: How can I fight fatigue due to breast cancer?

Answer: You may be dealing with treatment side effects. It can also help you live longer and lower your chance of the disease coming back. Light exercise is usually safe during all breast cancer treatments, but ask your doctor if you're unsure whether to start an activity. You may get it right after treatment or up to 3 days later. Try to do something you love on the days you feel good. Spending time in nature can ease fatigue.


Question: How can I deal with energy fluctuations due to breast cancer?

Answer: Make the most of your energy. Listen to your favorite music or read a great book. Watch a funny movie or spend time with friends. Head outside. Accept help. Don't be too proud to let someone pitch in with chores like cooking or grocery shopping. It will save your energy for more important things. Journaling can help you sleep better and ease fatigue.


Question: What are some symptoms of dyscalculia?

Answer: A child with dyscalculia also may have a lot of anxiety about numbers. For example, they may panic at the thought of math homework. School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia. For example, a child with this learning disability may get upset with games that require constant counting or scorekeeping.


Question: How common is dyscalculia?

Answer: Up to 7% of elementary school students have dyscalculia. Research suggests it's as common as dyslexia -- a reading disorder -- but not as well understood.


Question: How can I help my child with math if she has dyscalculia?

Answer: Use graph paper. It helps keep columns and numbers straight and neat.


Question: Is dyscalculia associated with ADHD?

Answer: Your school or doctor may call it a âmathematics learning disabilityâ or a âmath disorder.â It can be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) -- up to 60% of people who have ADHD also have a learning disorder, like dyscalculia.


Question: Does dyscalculia only affect children in the classroom?

Answer: School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia. For example, a child with this learning disability may get upset with games that require constant counting or scorekeeping.


Question: What specific difficulties may be due to dyscalculia?

Answer: School-aged kids with dyscalculia may find it hard to: Estimate things, like how long something takes or the ceiling height Understand math word problems Learn basic math, like addition, subtraction, and multiplication Link a number (1) to its corresponding word (one) Understand fractions Understand graphs and charts (visual-spatial concepts) Count money or make change Remember phone numbers or ZIP codes Tell time or read clocks Any number-based or math-based activity -- even outside school -- can frustrate kids with dyscalculia.


Question: What is the treatment for dyscalculia?

Answer: Learning specialists, educational psychologists, or neuropsychologists who specialize in dyscalculia recommend the following to help a child's understanding of math: Specially designed teaching plans Math-based learning games Practicing math skills a lot more often than other students Here are some things you can try to help your child better learn and understand math and lower her anxiety: Let her use her fingers and paper when she counts.


Question: What should I rule out first if I think my child has dyscalculia?

Answer: If your child has a hard time with numbers, see his doctor to rule out any vision or hearing problems that might affect his ability to learn. Then talk to your child's math teacher to understand where he's having trouble.


Question: What is dyscalculia?

Answer: It's not unusual for a child to have a tough time with math homework now and then. But if he has problems with numbers or low math test scores yet does well in other subjects, he could have a math learning disability called dyscalculia. It's a brain-related condition that makes basic arithmetic hard to learn. It may run in families, but scientists haven't found any genes related to it.


Question: What should I ask of my child's teacher if my child is diagnosed with dyscalculia?

Answer: She'll talk with you and your child and test his math abilities to help determine if he has it. You may want to ask for the following: A quiet work space Use of a calculator during math class and tests Extra time to complete tests The option to record lectures


Question: Who should I go to if I think my child has dyscalculia?

Answer: If your child has a hard time with numbers, see his doctor to rule out any vision or hearing problems that might affect his ability to learn. She'll talk with you and your child and test his math abilities to help determine if he has it.


Question: How long are colonoscopies?

Answer: Colonoscopy takes 30 to 60 minutes.


Question: What complications can happen in a colonoscopy?

Answer: However, such complications are uncommon.


Question: How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?

Answer: To prepare for the procedure, you may have to follow a liquid diet for 1 to 3 days beforehand. A liquid diet means fat-free bouillon or broth, gelatin, strained fruit juice, water, plain coffee, plain tea, or diet soda. You may need to take laxatives or an enema before the procedure. Also, you must arrange for someone to take you home afterward; you will not be allowed to drive because of the sedatives. Your physician may give you other special instructions.


Question: What does a colonoscopy do?

Answer: Colonoscopy is also used to diagnose the causes of unexplained blood in the stool or changes in bowel habits. Colonoscopy enables the physician to see inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, ulcers, bleeding, and muscle spasms in the colon. The scope transmits an image of the inside of the colon onto a television or computer monitor, so the physician can carefully examine the lining of the colon.


Question: What happens if something unusual is found during a colonoscopy?

Answer: The scope bends, so the physician can move it around the curves of your colon. That tissue (biopsy) is then sent to a lab for testing. If there is bleeding in the colon, the physician can use the scope to pass a laser, heater probe or electrical probe, or inject special medicines, to stop the bleeding.


Question: What are possible complications of colonoscopies?

Answer: Bleeding and puncture of the colon are possible complications of colonoscopy. However, such complications are uncommon. To prepare for the procedure, you may have to follow a liquid diet for 1 to 3 days beforehand.


Question: What happens when doctors find something unusual during a colonoscopy?

Answer: The scope bends, so the physician can move it around the curves of your colon. That tissue (biopsy) is then sent to a lab for testing. If there is bleeding in the colon, the physician can use the scope to pass a laser, heater probe or electrical probe, or inject special medicines, to stop the bleeding.


Question: How long does a colonoscopy take?

Answer: You will be given pain medication and a mild sedative to keep you comfortable and to help you relax during the exam. You will need to remain at the physician's office for 1 to 2 hours until the sedative wears off.


Question: Are sippy cups bad for teeth?

Answer: A sippy cup can help kids move from a bottle to a glass, but don't let him drink from it all day long. Using it too much can lead to decay on the back of the front teeth if the drinks are sugary.


Question: Can medications affect my child's teeth?

Answer: If they stick on the teeth, the chance of cavities goes up. Children on medications for chronic conditions such as asthma and heart problems often have a higher decay rate. Antibiotics and some asthma medications can cause an overgrowth of candida (yeast), which can lead to a fungal infection called oral thrush. Signs are creamy, curd-like patches on the tongue or inside the mouth. Talk to your dentist about how often to brush if your child is taking long-term medications. It could be as often as four times a day.


Question: Are pacifiers safe for my child's teeth?

Answer: There are lots of good reasons to let your child use a pacifier, but in the long term it can affect how his teeth line up. It can also change the shape of the mouth. Talk to your doctor if he's still using a pacifier past age 3.


Question: How do I get my child to brush their teeth?

Answer: Some tips to coax your reluctant child to brush on his own or get your little one to let you help: Be patient. Kids can start brushing their teeth with help from a grownup around 2 or 3. But they may not be ready to go it alone until about age 6. And it can take until around age 10 until children perfect their flossing skills. Don't wait until late in the day. If your child is tired, you may not get much cooperation with brushing, flossing, and rinsing. So start before it's too close to bedtime. Let your child choose toothpaste. Kids 5 or older can pick their own from options you approve. Motivate. A younger child may gladly brush for a sticker, for instance, or gold stars on a chart. Or make it a group activity. Kids might be more likely to join in if they see the grownups brushing.


Question: When should my child start brushing their teeth?

Answer: Before your baby has teeth, you can gently brush his gums. Use water on a baby toothbrush, or clean them with a soft washcloth. When your baby's teeth appear, brush twice a day with an infant toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste. Start flossing when two of his teeth touch each other. Ask your dentist about techniques and schedules. Brush and floss just before bedtime. After that, don't give your child any food or drink, except water, until the next morning. Your dentist can suggest when your child should start using mouthwash. You'll need to wait until he knows how to spit it out. If your child is tired, you may not get much cooperation with brushing, flossing, and rinsing.


Question: Can I give juice to my young child?

Answer: Sugary liquids cling to his teeth, feeding bacteria that can cause tooth decay. Limit your child to no more than 4 ounces a day of 100% fruit juice. Give non-sugary drinks and foods at mealtimes, and use juice only as a treat.


Question: Can I give my young child a bottle to help them go to sleep?

Answer: Sugary liquids cling to his teeth, feeding bacteria that can cause tooth decay. If you must give your child a bottle to take to bed, make sure it contains only water. A younger child may gladly brush for a sticker, for instance, or gold stars on a chart.


Question: When should my child first see a dentist?

Answer: You can keep your child from getting tooth decay by starting his dental care early. Your child should see a dentist by his first birthday. Your dentist can suggest when your child should start using mouthwash.


Question: Can lifestyle changes help with misophonia?

Answer: You can also wear ear plugs and headsets to tune out sounds. Set up quiet areas or safe spots in your home where no one will make the noises that bother you.


Question: What causes misophonia?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure what causes misophonia, but it's not a problem with your ears. They think it's part mental, part physical. It could be related to how sound affects your brain and triggers automatic responses in your body.


Question: Where can I find other people with misophonia?

Answer: The Misophonia Association is based in Oregon and California, and holds a yearly convention for suffers. The International Misophonia Research Network Misophonia- Research.com is a resource for doctors and researchers interested in learning more about misophonia. Misophonia International.com offers free resources, such as handouts for parents, and webinars in association with Duke University for those in the U. S., Canada and U. K. Finally for those in the U. K. who are looking for support and research reports, try www.allergictosound.com You can also find online and social media groups where people share coping strategies.


Question: How do I treat misophonia?

Answer: The condition does affect daily life, but you can learn to manage it. Treatment often involves a multidisciplinary approach combining sound therapy by audiologists and supportive counseling in which coping strategies are emphasized. You might try a device like a hearing aid that creates a sound in your ear similar to a waterfall. The noise distracts you from triggers and reduces reactions. Other treatments include talk therapy.


Question: How does misophonia affect you?

Answer: The disorder appears to range from mild to severe. Individuals report a range of physiologic and emotional responses, with accompanying cognitions. If you have a mild reaction, you might feel: Anxious Uncomfortable The urge to flee Disgust If your response is more severe, the sound in question might cause: Rage Anger Hatred Panic Fear Emotional distress The disorder can put a cramp in your social life.


Question: When does misophonia start?

Answer: It could be related to how sound affects your brain and triggers automatic responses in your body. It also involves parts of the brain that code the importance of sounds.


Question: How will misophonia affect my social life?

Answer: Researchers believe that those with misophonia may already have issues with how their brains filter sounds and that one of the features of âmisophonic soundsâ may be their repetitive noise. You might avoid restaurants or eat separately from your spouse, family, or roommates. Over time, you may also respond to visual triggers, too. The condition does affect daily life, but you can learn to manage it.


Question: What triggers misophonia?

Answer: keyboard or finger tapping or the sound of windshield wipers. Sometimes a small repetitive motion is the cause -- someone fidgets, jostles you, or wiggles their foot. Similarly, people with misophonia also say they often react to the visual stimuli that accompanies sounds, and may also respond intensely to repetitive motions. Other treatments include talk therapy.


Question: How do I determine if drug treatment for multiple sclerosis is right for me?

Answer: Your doctor will probably suggest you start taking one as soon as you're diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS. Things to consider include side effects they might cause, benefits of taking them, how often you take them, how you take them, and your personal concerns, priorities, and lifestyle. The goal is to find a treatment you can use comfortably and consistently. Each drug company offers customer support and may also give financial help to some people without prescription drug coverage.


Question: What drugs have been shown to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis in people?

Answer: Many medications can slow down MS in some people. Doctors call them disease-modifying drugs. They include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif ) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Peginterferon beta-1a ( Plegridy) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) All of these drugs work by holding back or changing how your body's immune system works.


Question: How do drugs to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) work?

Answer: They include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif ) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Peginterferon beta-1a ( Plegridy) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) All of these drugs work by holding back or changing how your body's immune system works. These treatments are based on the fact that MS happens, at least in part, because of a mistake your immune system makes that causes it to attack the coating around your nerves, known as myelin.


Question: How do you know what treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) is right for you?

Answer: Things to consider include side effects they might cause, benefits of taking them, how often you take them, how you take them, and your personal concerns, priorities, and lifestyle. The goal is to find a treatment you can use comfortably and consistently. Each drug company offers customer support and may also give financial help to some people without prescription drug coverage.


Question: Can drugs that slow the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) cure it?

Answer: These medications don't cure MS, but they do lower the number of attacks, make them less severe, and prevent new brain lesions. They also slow down MS. These medications can improve the quality of life for many people with MS. Your doctor will probably suggest you start taking one as soon as you're diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS.


Question: How do drugs that slow the progression of multiple sclerosis work?

Answer: They include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif ) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Peginterferon beta-1a ( Plegridy) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) All of these drugs work by holding back or changing how your body's immune system works. These treatments are based on the fact that MS happens, at least in part, because of a mistake your immune system makes that causes it to attack the coating around your nerves, known as myelin.


Question: What drugs are used to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Many medications can slow down MS in some people. Doctors call them disease-modifying drugs. They include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone, Glatopa) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif ) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Peginterferon beta-1a ( Plegridy) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) All of these drugs work by holding back or changing how your body's immune system works.


Question: Do drugs slowing the progression of multiple sclerosis cure the disease?

Answer: These medications don't cure MS, but they do lower the number of attacks, make them less severe, and prevent new brain lesions. They also slow down MS. These medications can improve the quality of life for many people with MS. Your doctor will probably suggest you start taking one as soon as you're diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS.


Question: Can bisphosphonates help strengthen the bones of people with advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Bisphosphonates to Strengthen Bones These drugs help reduce or delay problems such as fractures caused by bone metastases in prostate cancer.


Question: Can radiation therapy help treat bone pain in people with advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Radiation Therapy for Bone Pain Radiation is given to reduce bone pain in advanced prostate cancer. External beam radiation therapy: Radiation using a high-energy X-ray machine that directs radiation to the painful bones Radioisotopes: Radiation therapy delivered through an injection that targets and attacks the area of bone containing cancer. Strontium 89 is a commonly used radioisotope. Radium 223 ( Xofigo) is a radioisotope used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, which improves pain and prolongs survival.


Question: Can treatment for advanced prostate cancer cause infertility?

Answer: Most treatments for prostate cancer cause infertility. Several techniques can help preserve fertility, but they must be done before cancer treatment has been initiated. If you want to preserve your fertility, tell your doctor before undergoing any treatment for prostate cancer.


Question: How can alcohol cause infertility?

Answer: And chronic alcoholism is related to disorders in ovulation, which interferes with fertility. Alcohol use by men interferes with the synthesis of testosterone and has an impact on sperm concentration. Alcoholism may delay a man's sexual response and cause impotence by interfering with a man's ability to have an erection.


Question: How can tobacco cause infertility?

Answer: In experimental animals, nicotine has been shown to block the production of sperm and decrease the size of male testicles. In women, tobacco changes the cervical mucus, thus affecting the way sperm reach the egg.


Question: How can marijuana cause infertility?

Answer: Marijuana may disrupt a woman's ovulation cycle, affecting the release of the egg. In men, marijuana use can decrease the sperm count as well as affect the quality of the sperm.


Question: What are the possible health risks of cosmetics?

Answer: Today's multibillion dollar cosmetic industry must meet strict government regulations about what it can and cannot include in products and must follow safe manufacturing guidelines. Today, the most serious injury you're likely to receive from your cosmetics is an irritation from a product that is too harsh for your skin, or an allergic rash from a fragrance or a preservative in the product.


Question: What is sleep bruxism?

Answer: Most people probably grind and clench their teeth during sleep from time to time. Occasional teeth grinding, medically called bruxism, does not usually cause harm, but when teeth grinding occurs on a regular basis, the teeth can be damaged and other complications can arise, such as jaw muscle discomfort or TMJ pain.


Question: What is intacs surgery?

Answer: The doctor makes a small incision in your cornea and places two crescent-shaped plastic rings at the outer edge. The rings flatten your cornea and change the way light rays focus on your retina. ICR was used to treat nearsightedness, but that has been replaced by laser-based procedures. Now it's used to fix keratoconus, an irregular-shaped cornea that causes your cornea to thin and results in vision loss.


Question: What is AK surgery?

Answer: LRI is short for astigmatic keratotomy. It isn't laser eye surgery, but a surgical procedure used to correct astigmatism. When you have astigmatism, your eye is shaped like a football instead of being round. The doctor makes one or two incisions at the steepest part of your cornea. This helps it relax and makes it more rounded. This procedure can be done alone, or in combination with other laser eye surgeries like PRK, LASIK, or RK.


Question: What is PRK surgery?

Answer: PRK, or photorefractive keratectomy, is used to correct mild to moderate nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. Like LASIK, a surgeon uses a laser to reshape your cornea. But it only affects the cornea's surface, not the tissue underneath. Your doctor may also use computer imaging of the cornea.


Question: What is vision corrective surgery?

Answer: A LASIK or LASIK-related procedure can be combined with RLE to correct astigmatism. It isn't laser eye surgery, but a surgical procedure used to correct astigmatism.


Question: What does vision corrective surgery do?

Answer: Other procedures replace your eye's natural lens. The rings flatten your cornea and change the way light rays focus on your retina. The doctor makes one or two incisions at the steepest part of your cornea.


Question: How should you treat irritated skin caused by household cleaning products?

Answer: Avoiding the offending substance is the best way to prevent skin irritation. But if you do come in contact with an unfriendly cleaner and get a rash as a result, call your dermatologist. A prescription ointment or cream can help relieve the itching and redness. If the cream hasn't worked after about a week, your doctor might put you on a steroid medication.


Question: How does sensitive skin react to household cleaning products?

Answer: Sensitive skin that's been exposed to cleaning products can develop a red, swollen, itchy rash that dermatologists call contact dermatitis. There's no cure for housework, but identifying and avoiding the cleaning chemicals that inflame your skin can at least reduce your irritation when you have to do it.


Question: What can you wear to protect yourself from irritants in household cleaning products?

Answer: Protect your sensitive hands and arms by wearing waterproof gloves and long sleeves when you clean. If you're really sensitive, be careful about which type of gloves you buy. Latex gloves themselves can cause a skin reaction. Plastic and vinyl are better options for anyone with a latex sensitivity.


Question: Can reading labels help you avoid skin irritation caused by household cleaning products?

Answer: Know exactly which chemicals are in the product you're using. Try to avoid products that contain ingredients you've had a reaction to in the past. Follow directions on the label so you know you're using the cleaning product safely.


Question: Why shouldn't you mix household cleaning products?

Answer: Don't mix. Don't turn into a mad scientist. Mixing cleaning products is a dangerous experiment. Combining cleaning products is never a good idea. Cleaning products can produce dangerous fumes when combined with certain substances.


Question: What are alternatives for household cleaning to avoid irritants?

Answer: Look for cleaning products labeled "fragrance- and dye-free" or "all natural," or try an old fashioned cleaner like baking soda. Keep the lids tightly sealed to prevent the product from spilling on you.


Question: Why should you wash up after using household cleaning products?

Answer: Wash your hands or any other skin that's been exposed to the laundry detergent or cleaner with warm water and a gentle soap. Scratching will give you a few seconds of relief, but it can make your skin even itchier and it could cause an infection.


Question: What do I need to know about handling household cleaning products?

Answer: Green" cleaners won't necessarily prevent dermatitis, but they are generally gentler on the skin, not to mention on the environment. Combining cleaning products is never a good idea. Scratching will give you a few seconds of relief, but it can make your skin even itchier and it could cause an infection.


Question: How should you store household cleaning products?

Answer: Follow directions on the label so you know you're using the cleaning product safely. But if you do come in contact with an unfriendly cleaner and get a rash as a result, call your dermatologist.


Question: How is pulsatile tinnitus treated?

Answer: Other tests might include: Brainstem auditory evoked response ( BAER), which times electrical waves from your brain in response to clicks in your ear Electrocochleography, which is similar to BAER but uses an electrode placed on or in your eardrum Scans of your brain and blood vessels, such as an MRI or CT scan Blood tests This kind of tinnitus is often the first clue that you have something else going on that needs to be treated. Your treatment plan will depend on what's causing your tinnitus. You may need medication or surgery repair a blood vessel. Once the condition that caused it is treated, the sound should stop.


Question: How can high blood pressure cause pulsatile tinnitus?

Answer: This can lead to a change in blood flow, and things like stress, alcohol, and caffeine can make the noise more noticeable.


Question: How is pulsatile tinnitus diagnosed?

Answer: You may need to see an ear specialist called an otolaryngologist. You'll have a hearing test, and the doctor will check your ears. She may also look at your jaw and check your eyes for signs of increased pressure in your brain. Other tests might include: Brainstem auditory evoked response ( BAER), which times electrical waves from your brain in response to clicks in your ear Electrocochleography, which is similar to BAER but uses an electrode placed on or in your eardrum Scans of your brain and blood vessels, such as an MRI or CT scan Blood tests This kind of tinnitus is often the first clue that you have something else going on that needs to be treated.


Question: What is pulsatile tinnitus?

Answer: You regularly hear a sound with a steady beat that seems in sync with your pulse. Once the condition that caused it is treated, the sound should stop. If these options don't help, tell your doctor, who can check further to see what the problem may be.


Question: Which foods other than fish should I avoid  if I have a fish allergy?

Answer: These foods may contain anchovies: Worcestershire sauce Barbecue sauces made with Worcestershire Caesar salad and Caesar dressing Caponata ( Sicilian eggplant relish) Other foods that have fish: Caviar and fish roe (fish eggs) Artificial fish like surimi, an imitation crabmeat sometimes used in sushi Fish sauce, oils, and gelatin Stay out of seafood restaurants. Even if you order the beef, bits of fish from a shared spatula, cooking oil, or grill can get in your food. That kind of cross-contact can happen in any place that uses a lot of fish or fish ingredients, including many ethnic restaurants.


Question: Can I eat shellfish if I have a fish allergy?

Answer: Ask your doctor if any fish or shellfish is safe to eat. Don't try out any kinds on your own, though. That could cause severe allergic reactions.


Question: Are there things other than foods that I should avoid if I have a fish allergy?

Answer: Other foods -- as well as lotions, cosmetics, and medicine -- may have fish in them.


Question: What are options for men who don't have sperm in their semen?

Answer: If the man doesn't have sperm in his semen, one of several techniques can be used to retrieve sperm from the testicles. Success rates are generally good -- as high as 65% in some clinics. But factors such as poor sperm quality, poor egg quality, and the older age of the mother can lessen the chance of success. Other techniques that might help men with fertility problems are being developed.


Question: What can cause infertility in men?

Answer: Insome cases, men are born with blockages in parts of the testicle or other abnormalities that prevent sperm from getting into the semen. One exciting treatment for male infertility and low sperm count is a form of micromanipulation called intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI). But factors such as poor sperm quality, poor egg quality, and the older age of the mother can lessen the chance of success.


Question: How are men tested for infertility?

Answer: The first thing to do for fertility issues is to go to the doctor, typically a urologist. After a physical exam, your doctor will probably order a semen analysis, which will check the quality and quantity of the sperm in the semen. If the first semen analysis is normal, your doctor may order a second test to confirm the results. Two normal tests usually are interpreted to mean that the man doesn't have any significant infertility problems. If something in the results looks irregular, your doctor might order further tests to pinpoint the problem.


Question: Why is it important to know eye-related first aid?

Answer: You can lower the chances for injury if you know how to respond quickly to these eye emergences.


Question: What do I do if I get chemicals in my eye?

Answer: Caustic chemicals: Wash your eye with cool tap water or saline solution. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room. Continue to wash your eye with drops while you wait.


Question: Will safety glasses protect my eyes in the kitchen?

Answer: They can shield your eyes while you clean the oven with caustic chemicals or when you pour drain cleaners into the sink. They can also keep food irritants, like hot pepper oil, out of your eyes.


Question: What do I do if I get something in my eye?

Answer: You get something in your eye: Don't rub it. Pull the upper eyelid down over the lower eyelid. Blink several times. This lets your lower eyelashes sweep stuff out. If this doesn't help, rinse with water or saline solution. If you just can't get it out, call your doctor or go to the emergency room.


Question: How do caustic chemicals cause eye injuries in the kitchen?

Answer: Caustic chemicals: Wash your eye with cool tap water or saline solution. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room. Continue to wash your eye with drops while you wait. If you think a strong and harmful chemical such as drain or oven cleaner has splashed into your eye, it is helpful to position yourself under the shower with someone helping you to keep your eyelids open.


Question: How does someone treat an eye injury in the kitchen if they get hit in the eye?

Answer: You get hit in the eye: For a minor injury, gently hold a cold pack to the injured eye and call your eye doctor. If your eye is bleeding or you notice a change in your vision or pain when you move your eyes, call the doctor right away or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: What should someone do if they get something in their eye in the kitchen?

Answer: You get something in your eye: Don't rub it. Pull the upper eyelid down over the lower eyelid. Blink several times. This lets your lower eyelashes sweep stuff out. If this doesn't help, rinse with water or saline solution. If you just can't get it out, call your doctor or go to the emergency room. With a few simple safety rules, you can avoid accidents and make cooking a trouble-free pleasure.