Question: What do H2 blockers do?

Answer: H2 blockers help relieve and prevent occasional heartburn by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Though they don't work as fast as antacids, their effects last longer. Your doctor may tell you to take an antacid and an H2 blocker together. H2 blockers are for short-term use -- less than 2 weeks. So if one doesn't help with your heartburn, switching to a different one isn't likely to help. Switching to a higher-dose prescription version of the drug might help, though. Talk to your doctor if over-the-counter H2 blockers aren't working for you. Some H2 blockers can interfere with other drugs, including: Anti-seizure medicines Blood thinners Medicines for heart rhythm problems Talk to your doctor if you take any of these medicines and you need to take an H2 blocker. Often, they work better than H2 blockers.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines treat excess gas?

Answer: Lactase supplements. Alpha-galactosidase. This digestive aid comes as liquid or tablets. Simethicone ( Mylicon). PPIs are available over the counter and by prescription. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about which medicine is right for you.


Question: How should I change my diet to avoid heartburn?

Answer: Gas is created when you swallow air, such as when you eat and drink. Here are a few that can trigger heartburn: Alcohol Chocolate Coffee Fatty or fried foods Greasy foods Onions Oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits and juices Vinegar, hot sauces, salad dressings Peppermint Sodas and other bubbly drinks Spicy foods Tomatoes and tomato sauce Big meals can also set off heartburn. Instead of eating three big meals a day, try to eat several small meals throughout the day.


Question: What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?

Answer: You might also notice blood on the toilet paper after you wipe. Itching around the anus Swelling or pain around the anus Painful or sensitive lumps around the anus If you think you have hemorrhoids, see your doctor. Bleeding can also be a symptom of something more serious. Don't strain during bowel movements.


Question: What causes gas?

Answer: But it's also a by-product of the breakdown of food. Some foods cause more gas than others. You may also be more sensitive to particular foods and may have more gas when you eat them. Taking some medications can also cause gas. It can be helpful to keep a journal to note what you eat and drink and when you have heartburn.


Question: What is soluble fiber?

Answer: Among them is weight loss, which can help you avoid getting heartburn in the first place if you are overweight. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, turning into a gel. Soluble fiber can help with diarrhea, which happens when there is too much water in your colon. Sources include: Apples Citrus fruits Lentils Nuts Oatmeal Psyllium Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water. Think of it as a broom: It helps keep food and waste moving through your body.


Question: When is heartburn an emergency?

Answer: Everyone has heartburn from time to time. But if you also have other symptoms, it could be a sign that something more serious is wrong. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room if: It hurts to swallow. You feel like you're choking. You have black, tarry-looking bowel movements. Your mouth or throat hurt when you eat. You have difficulty swallowing foods Your voice is hoarse. Your vomit contains blood or what looks like coffee grounds. You have trouble breathing.


Question: Can you get a test for swine flu?

Answer: If you have swine flu, you may be more likely to feel sick and your stomach and throw up than with regular flu. Antibiotics won't do anything for you.


Question: How is swine flu treated?

Answer: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza) seem to work best, although some kinds of swine flu don't respond to oseltamivir. These drugs can help you get well faster. They can also make you feel better. They work best when you take them within 48 hours of the first flu symptoms, but they can help even if you get them later on. The same flu vaccine that protects against seasonal flu also protects against the H1 N1 swine flu strain.


Question: Why is swine flu called swine flu?

Answer: That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn't been near pigs. Without one it's hard to tell whether you have swine flu or seasonal flu, because most symptoms are the same. The same flu vaccine that protects against seasonal flu also protects against the H1 N1 swine flu strain.


Question: Should people still be cautious about the swine flu?

Answer: Like seasonal flu, it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best bet is to get a flu vaccine, or flu shot, every year. Swine flu is one of the viruses included in the vaccine. You can get it as a shot or as a nasal spray.


Question: Is the swine flu a pandemic?

Answer: It's called swine flu because in the past, the people who caught it had direct contact with pigs. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu, but not as many.


Question: What can I do to help treat my depression at home?

Answer: Monitor your mood. Whether your social network stems from your spouse, family members, close friends, co-workers, religious organizations, or community groups, support is available. Stick with the prescribed treatment. Develop good habits. Don't ignore side effects. See if there's any way to minimize or eliminate them. Let your doctor know if you are prescribed other medicines by another health care professional. Never stop taking your depression medicine without your doctor's permission.


Question: Are there things I can do at home to help my child who stutters?

Answer: Signs to look for that suggest you should have your child evaluated include: Stuttering that becomes more frequent and gets worse with time Stuttering that is accompanied by body or facial movements Speech that is especially difficult or strained Avoiding situations that require talking Vocal tension that results in rising pitch while talking Stuttering that continues after a child has turned 5 years old There are a lot of things you and other family members can do to help a child who stutters get beyond his or her problems with speaking: Create opportunities for talking that are relaxed, fun, and enjoyable. Find times to engage your child in conversations without distractions of TV or other interruptions. Don't be critical of your child's speech or insist on precise or correct speech. Don't put pressure on your child to entertain or interact verbally with other people when stuttering becomes a problem. Avoid reacting negatively when your child stutters, correcting his speech, or completing his sentences. Although phrases such as " Stop and take a deep breath" or " Slow down" may be meant to help your child, they can actually make him more self-conscious and should not be used. Model a slow, relaxed way of speaking to help your child slow down his own speech. Don't be afraid to talk with your child about stuttering. If he asks questions or expresses concern, listen and answer in ways that will help him understand that disruptions in speech are normal and that everyone experiences them to some degree.


Question: What should you know about stuttering in children?

Answer: For many children, it's simply part of learning to use language and putting words together to form sentences. It may come and go, and it may last for a few weeks or for a couple of years. Most children outgrow stuttering on their own without professional intervention. But for some, stuttering can become a life-long condition that causes problems in school and in functioning as an adult. Normal language dysfluency often starts between the ages of 18 and 24 months and tends to come and go up to the age of 5.


Question: What happens during the GI tests for the digestive tract?

Answer: The technologist will help you get into position on an exam table. Although the barium solution doesn't taste good, there's no pain and little discomfort during the procedure. If you're on an adjustable table, it usually starts in a vertical position, with you standing. You'll move from side to side to help the liquid coat your intestine or the technologist will tilt the table at various angles. During the test, the radiologist may put pressure on your abdomen to get a clearer image. The test may cause some discomfort, including cramps and a strong urge to have a bowel movement. After the first set of X-rays, someone will help you to the bathroom (or give you a bedpan) so you can move your bowels to get rid of as much of the barium as possible. Then you'll go back to the exam room for more X-rays of the barium solution that remains on your intestinal wall. The technologist may inject more air into your colon for more contrast on the images.


Question: What X-ray tests can be used to examine the digestive tract?

Answer: They use a process called fluoroscopy. The X-ray is beamed to a special machine that converts it to a video and sends it to a TV-like monitor. Additional preparation for the lower GI test usually includes taking oral laxatives and an enema the night before the test. Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. Talk to your doctor about other tests that can be more safely performed to diagnose your problem during pregnancy.


Question: What is fluoroscopy and how does it test the digestive tract?

Answer: It helps her see parts of your digestive tract that other tests can't show. The X-ray is beamed to a special machine that converts it to a video and sends it to a TV-like monitor.


Question: Where are fluoroscopic examinations of the digestive tract performed?

Answer: Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. Talk to your doctor about other tests that can be more safely performed to diagnose your problem during pregnancy.


Question: How common is dissociative identity disorder?

Answer: Studies indicate DID affects about 1% of the population. As an example, someone with dissociative identity disorder may find themselves doing things they wouldn't normally do, such as speeding, reckless driving, or stealing money from their employer or friend, yet they feel they are being compelled to do it.


Question: What's the difference between dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia?

Answer: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over the person's behavior. With dissociative identity disorder, there are also highly distinct memory variations, which fluctuate with the person's split personality. Sometimes the alters are imaginary people; sometimes they are animals. While unusual, there have been instances of dissociative identity disorder with more than 100 personalities.


Question: Is dissociative identity disorder real?

Answer: Dissociative identity disorder is thought to stem from a combination of factors that may include trauma experienced by the person with the disorder. Amnesia. It's estimated that individuals with dissociative disorders have spent seven years in the mental health system prior to accurate diagnosis.


Question: What are some tips for getting new glasses for your child?

Answer: Fit the frames: They shouldn't pinch his ears or nose, or weigh down his face. Get the prescription right: If your child looks over the tops of his glasses or complains that he can't see with them, his prescription may be wrong. Go back to your optician or eye doctor and get it checked out. Start slowly: Have him wear the glasses for short periods of time while he sits down at the beginning. Encourage him to put them on in the morning when he gets dressed and take them off at night before he goes to bed.


Question: How do you develop dry eyes?

Answer: It's rare, but if you don't take care of it, you could lose some vision. Your eye doctor may suggest a humidifier in your home or special eye drops that simulate tears. Doctors treat severe cases with tear duct plugs, prescription eye drops, or surgery. Tearing, when your eyes make too many tears, can happen if you're sensitive to light, wind, or temperature changes. It can make your eye burn and itch, tear up, look red, or feel like there's something in it.


Question: Will my eyes change as I age?

Answer: Some problems become more common as you get older, although they can affect anyone at any age. If you notice a sudden change in the type or number of spots or flashes you see, visit your eye doctor as soon as you can.


Question: How can medications lead to depression?

Answer: Certain medications prescribed for various medical conditions do cause such feelings as sadness, despair, and discouragement. And those are feelings that are often associated with depression. So have oral contraceptives, high blood pressure drugs, and even statins that treat high cholesterol. The best way to know if a drug could be affecting your mood in a negative way is to know which medicines commonly cause depression or mania.


Question: What should I do if I think my medicine causes depression or mania?

Answer: Certain medications prescribed for various medical conditions do cause such feelings as sadness, despair, and discouragement. So have oral contraceptives, high blood pressure drugs, and even statins that treat high cholesterol. Then talk to your doctor to see if any of the medicines you are taking are likely causing or contributing to mood symptoms, and if so, discuss whether a different medication may be a better choice. When a medicine does produce symptoms of mania or depression, your doctor may recommend discontinuing the drug or reducing the dosage (if possible). If this is not possible, your doctor may treat the manic or depressive symptoms with other drugs. If you do experience depression or mania while taking one of these medications or any other, call your doctor immediately.


Question: What acne treatments are best for severe acne?

Answer: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. That depends on many factors: your age, whether you're male or female, how severe your acne is, and how long you've had it, among others. There are several options available.


Question: When should I see a dermatologist for acne treatment?

Answer: If you're noticing breakouts along the sides of your temples, hair creams or gels might be exacerbating your acne, says Alexiades- Armenakas. If over-the-counter treatments, like a topical retinoid or products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, along with gentle cleansing, don't work for you (give them a chance -- it can take 4-12 weeks to improve acne), a dermatologist may be able to help. Severe acne requires aggressive treatment to prevent scarring.


Question: Can what I eat cause acne breakouts?

Answer: Bacteria can then grow within the pores, causing them to become inflamed and break out. That happens at times of major hormonal change, such as during the menstrual cycle, and during the teen years, no matter what you eat. So despite what your grandmother told you, eating too many potato chips won't make you break out in pimples. The primary trigger for acne is fluctuating hormones -- specifically, the male hormone testosterone.


Question: Will my acne ever go away?

Answer: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. Severe cases of acne may be treated with the drug isotretinoin, which is very effective. It's a matter of finding the right treatment for you.


Question: Why does acne appear most often in teenagers?

Answer: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. When teenagers hit puberty, their hormones start surging -- and often, so does acne. Some people may also have a genetic predisposition to acne.


Question: Does acne mean I'm not keeping my face clean enough?

Answer: However, subsequent studies have not supported the theory. In fact, scrubbing too hard at your face can aggravate your acne, and using alcohol-based astringents can dry out the skin. Acne is triggered by hormones, and while gentle, regular cleansing with soap and warm water can sometimes help with mild breakouts, more significant acne requires more than just good hygiene.


Question: What acne treatments are best for mild to moderate acne?

Answer: But there is some evidence that certain diets may have an effect on acne, says Macrene Alexiades- Armenakas, MD, Ph D, an assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine. For more significant cases of acne, women may be placed on birth control pills or on the drug spironolactone, a water pill which also blocks male hormones. If over-the-counter treatments, like a topical retinoid or products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, along with gentle cleansing, don't work for you (give them a chance -- it can take 4-12 weeks to improve acne), a dermatologist may be able to help.


Question: How is an echocardiogram used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?

Answer: This test uses sound waves and a computer to create a moving picture of your heart. An echo gives your doctor information about: The size and shape of your heart How well the heart chambers and valves are working Where the heart muscle isn't contracting the right way Areas of poor blood flow Previous injuries that poor blood flow has caused Transthoracic echocardiogram ( TTE). Your doctor can see the size of your heart, how well it's working, if your heart valves are working, and if you have any blood clots. Transesophageal echocardiogram ( TEE). It has electrodes on back that take your pulse at your chest or your wrist.


Question: What should I know about a stroke?

Answer: You need treatment right away to lower your chances of brain damage, disability, or even death. The treatment works best when you get this medication within 3 hours of when your symptoms started.


Question: How can I prepare for a stroke?

Answer: Minutes matter in treating stroke. Planning for an emergency can make a big difference. Learn the warning signs of a stroke and let your family and friends know, too. If you have any medical conditions, wear a medical bracelet or other identification that lists them, your allergies, and any medication you take. Teach your children the FAST test, plus how to call 911, give your address, and describe what's happening.


Question: How can I check for symptoms of stroke?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Use the FAST test to check for the most common symptoms of a stroke in yourself or someone else. Face: Smile and see if one side of the face droops. Arms: Raise both arms. Does one arm drop down? Speech: Say a short phrase and check for slurred or strange speech. Time: If the answer to any of these is yes, call 911 right away and write down the time when symptoms started. Calling a doctor or driving to the hospital yourself wastes time. Ambulance workers can judge your situation sooner, and that boosts your chance of getting the treatment you need as soon as possible. Each year, some 800,000 people in the U. S. have a stroke.


Question: What kind of over-the-counter medicine helps with congestion?

Answer: Decongestants can curb swelling inside your nose and sinuses, and help you breathe more easily. If you see the letter " D" at the end of a medicine's name, it means it includes a decongestant. Look for products with phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. ( You may have to ask for these. They're still considered over-the-counter but are often stored behind the counter.) Nasal sprays. Products with oxymetazoline and phenylephrine may work faster than pills or syrups. But if you use them for more than 2-3 days in a row, your congestion could get worse. Don't take both types of decongestant at the same time. Start with a nasal spray for the first couple of days, and switch to a pill or syrup if you still need it.


Question: What do over-the-counter antihistamines do?

Answer: They're still considered over-the-counter but are often stored behind the counter.) When you have a cold, your body makes chemicals called histamines. They can also make you sleepy and dry out your eyes, nose, and mouth.


Question: How can paresthesia be treated?

Answer: But in some cases, it doesn't go away. But if any area of your body regularly goes numb or gets that "pins and needles" feeling, talk to your doctor. Treating the cause of your paresthesia will usually help with your pins and needles.


Question: Can holistic care replace standard treatments for cancer?

Answer: Skipping standard treatments is risky. While they can cause unpleasant and even serious side effects, these are proven ways to treat cancer. When you avoid, delay, or interrupt mainstream medical treatments, you give the disease more time to grow. Your cancer might reach a stage where it can no longer be cured. There are other problems with holistic care: Some methods are simply bad for you, despite impressive health claims. This is the best way to make sure you stay safe.


Question: How do people know their sexual orientation?

Answer: In other words, there are many factors that contribute to a person's sexual orientation, and the factors may be different for different people. For example, homosexuals become aware that their sexual thoughts and activities focus on people of the same sex. It is possible, however, to have fantasies or to be curious about people of the same sex without being homosexual or bisexual, or choosing to act on these impulses/attractions.


Question: Why is it important to get help for hearing problems as soon as possible?

Answer: Sometimes damage can be permanent. There are tiny hairs inside your ears that send sound waves to your brain. Sometimes even everyday drugs like aspirin or antibiotics can cause trouble. If you take care of hearing problems early, the cure may be simpler and easier. For example, one of the most common problems is nerve damage. If you go to the doctor right away, you might get better just by taking pills instead of having to face surgery or hearing aids.


Question: I donât like hearing aids. How can one help me?

Answer: The devices have come a long way in recent years. Even people with mild hearing problems can benefit from wearing them. In fact, the worse a person's hearing gets, the more likely they are to develop dementia, studies show. Hearing aids that fit completely inside the ear canal now work for most people.


Question: How can you get started with rehab after a heart attack?

Answer: You might sit up in bed, walk, and climb stairs a little. You also get used to doing some self-care again, like brushing your teeth or shaving. This early phase helps give you the tools and confidence you need to start on the road to recovery. These happen in a clinic or in a building on your hospital campus. You'll take steps to get ready for going back to your job as well as the fun activities you used to do.


Question: What is skin cancer?

Answer: It can usually be cured, but the disease is a major health concern because it affects so many people. About half of fair-skinned people who live to age 65 will have at least one skin cancer. Most can be prevented by protecting your skin from the sun and ultraviolet rays. Every malignant skin tumor will, over time, show up on the skin's surface. That makes this the only type of cancer that is almost always found in its early, curable stages. Spending too much time in the sun is the main cause of skin cancer.


Question: How much do Concerta and Adderall cost?

Answer: This is because they work on your brain in slightly different ways and can have different benefits and side effects. In general, the longer-acting forms are more expensive than the shorter-acting forms. And the generic versions can cost much less than brand names.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They include: Fevers of 103 F or higher Pink rash that comes and goes Eye inflammation Joint pain or stiffness Limping Swelling in joints Being less active Trouble with movements of hands or fingers, affecting things like handwriting or coloring Problems with bone development and growth There are three kinds. Side effects can include dizziness, fatigue, chills and fever. If You Need Corticosteroids These are strong, anti-inflammatory drugs. Doctors usually prescribe them only if other treatments don't work, or if the condition is severe. Examples of steroids include dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and prednisone.


Question: Do children with rheumatoid arthritis fully recover?

Answer: About 30% of all children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have this type. Treatment usually includes medications along with exercise.


Question: What is pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Four or fewer joints are involved. About half of all children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have this type. It usually affects large joints like the knees. Girls under age 8 are most likely to get it. Lots of children with this condition will outgrow it by adulthood.


Question: What is the cause of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The inflammation can cause redness, swelling, warmth, and soreness in the joints. Researchers don't know exactly why it happens. But they think it's a two-step process. First, something in a child's genes makes them more likely to get it. Then something else, like a virus, triggers the arthritis itself. This type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is usually symmetrical. â Biologicâ Drugs for Your Immune System These drugs are genetically engineered to work on the immune system.


Question: Is weight related to juvenile arthritis?

Answer: They often have a more severe form of the condition. Check with your doctor about which ones are appropriate for children. Others gain too much weight because they have problems being active, or because of side effects from medication. Extra weight is hard on the joints.


Question: Are oral health problems related to juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Dentists can recommend special toothbrushes and floss to help children take care of their mouths. If the lower jaw doesn't develop correctly, it can cause an overbite.


Question: Are there different types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Doctors call this pauciarticular JRA. Some children with this type have special proteins in the blood called antinuclear antibodies. If your child has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, encourage her to get out there and be active.


Question: To help prevent heart disease, how often and how long should I exercise?

Answer: Regular exercise, especially aerobic exercise, is one of the best things you can do for yourself. If you're not active now, check in with your doctor before you start.


Question: Why should I exercise to help prevent heart disease?

Answer: If you're not active now, check in with your doctor before you start. She'll let you know what you can do safely. If you take any prescription medicines, ask her if you need to adjust them when you start exercising. While the more exercise you can do, the better, any amount is good for you. What's convenient for you is important, too.


Question: Iâm exercising to prevent heart disease. How can I stick with it?

Answer: Ban boredom. Pick a variety of activities that you like. Use music to keep you entertained. Commit. You won't always feel like it, and you'll find all sorts of excuses not to do it. You'll need to make a decision ahead of time and ignore that impulse and exercise anyway. Socialize. Working out is more fun if you have a friend with you. Stay within your budget. Don't buy expensive equipment or health club memberships unless you know you'll use them.


Question: What will your doctor prescribe to treat herpes in your eye?

Answer: Your doctor will prescribe antiviral eye drops, pills, or both. Take what he gives you for as long as he says to take it. Your eye might start to look or feel better soon, but the infection could come back if you stop treatment too soon. He might also give you steroid eye drops. They can control the disease if you get them at the right time, but they can also raise eye pressure. You'll need regular office visits during treatment so the doctor can keep track of it. You could also get an eye drop that keeps your pupil dilated (open). It will prevent spasms in your eye muscles and ease your pain. It's rare, but if you have the kind of virus that causes shingles, your eye could hurt for weeks or months. If that happens, your doctor might try other options, like sending you to a chronic pain specialist.


Question: What are side effects of using fiber for constipation?

Answer: Abdominal cramping, bloating, or gas can occur when abruptly increasing or changing your dietary fiber intake. Gradually increase fiber intake. Also, fiber can reduce your body's absorption of some drugs, so always take your medications at least one hour before -- or two hours after -- consuming fiber.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation work?

Answer: Deep Brain Stimulation Also called "thalamic stimulation," deep brain stimulation is a way to inactivate the thalamus without destroying a part of the brain. The pacemaker-like device generates the tiny electrical impulses that aren't painful to the patient. These shocks alter electrical "messages" going through the thalamus. Deep brain stimulation provides moderate relief for approximately 90% of patients.


Question: What is the disadvantage of thalamotomy when compared to deep brain stimulation?

Answer: Thalamotomy Thalamotomy is a surgery for Essential Tremor that destroys a small part of a structure in the brain called the thalamus. Common, but temporary, side effects of thalamotomy include: Confusion Weakness Disturbed speech Balance problems The major disadvantage of thalamotomy is the permanent destruction of this area of the brain, which may limit future treatment options, and thalamotomy should only be performed under rare circumstances. Deep brain stimulation, described below, is safer and more effective.


Question: How can knowing your triggers help with migraines?

Answer: Migraines can be tough wherever they happen. Triggers are different for everyone. When you know which things can start your migraines, you can try to avoid them. If you can't stay away from them, at least you'll know to be prepared for when they happen.


Question: How can acetaminophen (Tylenol) help with treating cervical disc disease?

Answer: Neck pain is one of the main symptoms of cervical disc disease, in which discs between vertebrae become herniated or deteriorate, sometimes pinching nerves. Several different drugs, from pain relievers to anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids, can help ease your neck pain while you heal. Research shows that regular acetaminophen use can damage the liver, even in people who take the drug at the recommended dose. To make sure you're using acetaminophen as safely as possible, follow the directions carefully and don't take any more than the label suggests and your doctor recommends. Avoid using alcohol while taking acetaminophen to minimize the risks to your liver.


Question: How can muscle relaxants help with treating cervical disc disease?

Answer: Neck pain is one of the main symptoms of cervical disc disease, in which discs between vertebrae become herniated or deteriorate, sometimes pinching nerves. Several different drugs, from pain relievers to anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids, can help ease your neck pain while you heal. Baclofen and other muscle relaxants calm muscle tightness, and some research suggests they can relieve neck pain within the first few days of an acute injury. When using these drugs, watch out for side effects such as drowsiness, dependence, and urinary retention. These drugs are best used short term under a doctor's guidance.


Question: Does the rate of burning calories affect how you lose weight?

Answer: Try cottage cheese with fruit, eggs with whole-wheat toast, or Greek yogurt with a banana. Other things that can affect how you burn calories: Getting older. Your metabolism slows down about 2%-8% every decade. That may be from decreased muscle mass. Eating too little. It sounds strange, but the truth is, if you skip meals or follow a very low-calorie diet, it can backfire by making you burn calories more slowly. Lift weights to boost your lean muscle mass. Your metabolism may slow and you won't burn calories as fast as you'd like. How your thyroid affects your metabolism, energy, and weight is complicated.


Question: Does eating too close to bedtime affect how you lose weight?

Answer: Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to sleep. Be careful about snacking after supper. You take in more calories than you realize when you nibble while you watch TV or use the computer. You may also be tempted to eat unhealthy foods like ice cream or potato chips. That makes it harder to exercise. For instance, you might have trouble losing weight if you take drugs for: Allergies Birth control Depression Diabetes Epilepsy High blood pressure Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia If you have one of these conditions and weight is a problem for you, talk to your doctor.


Question: How does sleep affect how you lose weight?

Answer: It could make a difference in how you lose weight. Your metabolism may slow and you won't burn calories as fast as you'd like. You may also have less energy when you don't get enough sleep. That makes it harder to exercise. When you're tired, you're more likely to make poor diet choices, like choosing sweets over fruit. In a recent study, people who didn't get enough sleep ate about 300 more calories per day than those who got more rest.


Question: Does being stressed out affect how you lose weight?

Answer: It could be. It can make you reach for high-calorie, high-fat foods. Your body also tends to store more fat when you're stressed out. To reduce stress, try exercise or meditation.


Question: What causes heartburn in pregnancy?

Answer: Pregnancy hormones can cause the lower esophageal sphincter (the muscular valve between the stomach and esophagus) to relax, allowing stomach acids to flow back up into the esophagus. In addition, the enlarged uterus can crowd the abdomen, pushing stomach acids upward. Although it's rare, gallstones can also cause heartburn during pregnancy. Avoid fried, spicy, or rich (fatty) foods or any foods that seem to cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of heartburn.


Question: What cosmetic procedures are used to treat port-wine stains?

Answer: Port-wine stains are caused by abnormal development of blood vessels (capillaries) and last a lifetime. Doctors have tried many ways to treat port-wine stains, including radiation, tattooing, freezing, dermabrasion, or sclerotherapy. Laser treatment is the preferred treatment because it is the only method that destroys capillaries in the skin without causing damage to the rest of the skin.


Question: What are the types of counseling that can help with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Parkinson's disease, as with many chronic illnesses, will affect you both physically and mentally. Who will be included in your treatment (you alone, family members, others with similar problems). The following list briefly describes common types of counseling. Crisis intervention counseling. This is where you meet one-on-one with a counselor. If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or grief in dealing with your Parkinson's this type of counseling may be appropriate. Family therapy. Group therapy. In group therapy, you join a group to discuss problems together. Residential treatment. These groups usually meet regularly without a therapist or counselor.


Question: What are the fluoride levels in drinking water?

Answer: This was fluoride that occurred naturally in the ground water. Natural fluoride levels above the currently recommended range for drinking water may increase the risk for severe fluorosis. In communities where natural levels exceed 2 parts per million, the CDC recommends that parents give children water from other sources. Prompted by concerns that children may be getting too much fluoride, the Health and Human Services Department in January 2011 lowered its recommended level of fluoride in drinking water. And the Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing its rules on the upper limit of fluoride levels in drinking water.


Question: How can you tell if your child got a lot of fluoride in a short period of time?

Answer: A major cause of fluorosis is the inappropriate use of fluoride-containing dental products such as toothpaste and mouth rinses. If a child ingests a large amount of fluoride in a short period of time, it may cause symptoms such as: Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Abdominal pain Although fluoride toxicity usually doesn't have serious consequences, it sends several hundred children to emergency rooms each year.


Question: How common is fluorosis?

Answer: In more severe cases, however, the teeth may have: Stains ranging from yellow to dark brown Surface irregularities Pits that are highly noticeable Fluorosis first attracted attention in the early 20th Century. Researchers were surprised by the high prevalence of what was called â Colorado Brown Stainâ on the teeth of native-born residents of Colorado Springs. The stains were caused by high levels of fluoride in the local water supply. This was fluoride that occurred naturally in the ground water. People with these stains also had an unusually high resistance to dental cavities. This sparked a movement to introduce fluoride into public water supplies at a level that could prevent cavities but without causing fluorosis. Fluorosis affects nearly one in every four Americans ages 6 to 49. It's most prevalent in those ages 12 to 15. The vast majority of cases are mild, and only about 2% are considered âmoderate.â Less than 1% are âsevere.â But researchers have also observed that since the mid-1980s, the prevalence of fluorosis in children ages 12 to 15 has increased. Although fluorosis is not a disease, its effects can be psychologically distressing and difficult to treat. Parental vigilance can play an important role in preventing fluorosis. Severe.


Question: What do the side effects of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer depend on?

Answer: Several new chemotherapy drugs also are used for the treatment of colorectal cancer that has spread. Because the mechanism of chemotherapy is to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, it also kills other rapidly dividing healthy cells in our bodies, such as the membranes lining the mouth, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, the hair follicles, and the bone marrow. Although it may take some time, side effects related to chemotherapy will resolve when chemotherapy is stopped.


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy can be given in a variety of situations: Palliative chemotherapy is used when colorectal cancer is advanced and has already spread to different parts of the body. It is used in combination with leucovorin (a vitamin), which makes 5- FU more effective. 5- FU is given intravenously. A pill form of capecitabine ( Xeloda) is changed to 5- FU when it reaches the tumor. Xeloda is also being used as adjuvant therapy or neoadjuvant therapy with radiation in patients with rectal cancers to heighten the effect of radiation. Other drugs include irinotecan ( Camptosar) and oxaliplatin ( Eloxatin). These drugs are usually combined with 5- FU or Xeloda after surgery or in the advanced setting. Several new chemotherapy drugs also are used for the treatment of colorectal cancer that has spread. These include panitumumab ( Vectibix), cetuximab ( Erbitux), bevacizumab ( Avastin), ramucirumab ( Cyramza), and aflibercept ( Zaltrap), and are usually given along with 5- FU, plus irinotecan or oxaliplatin, for metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib ( Stivarga) is another new drug that can be taken orally as a single agent after the other drugs have stopped working.


Question: What is chemotherapy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Each drug works against a specific cancer, and each drug has specific doses and schedules for taking it. Chemotherapy can be given in a variety of situations: Palliative chemotherapy is used when colorectal cancer is advanced and has already spread to different parts of the body. The surgery may not eliminate all the cancer cells, so the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used to kill any that may have been missed, such as cells that may have metastasized or spread to the liver. 5- FU is given intravenously.


Question: When is adjuvant chemotherapy used for colorectal cancer?

Answer: The surgery may not eliminate all the cancer cells, so the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used to kill any that may have been missed, such as cells that may have metastasized or spread to the liver. 5- FU is given intravenously.


Question: What should I consider before taking an herbal product for diabetes?

Answer: If you experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, insomnia, diarrhea, or skin rashes, stop taking the herbal product and notify your doctor immediately. Look for scientific-based sources of information.


Question: How do doctors monitor prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels for prostate cancer?

Answer: If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, your doctor will probably evaluate several factors to determine how aggressive it is. PSA continues to be the primary marker of how the disease is progressing or responding to treatment. Several recent studies indicate that PSA doubling time -- the time it takes for a patient's PSA level to double -- predicts how aggressive the cancer is. The faster the PSA level doubles, the more aggressive the cancer.


Question: Are there different kinds of carbs?

Answer: It's a lot more than just pasta and bread. All starchy foods, sugars, fruit, milk, and yogurt are rich in carbs, too. Make sure you count them all, not just the obvious ones. You'll need to know your "insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio," or the number of carbs one unit of insulin will cover.


Question: Should I pay attention to my carb intake if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, keep track of how many you eat with a few simple tricks. Your doses may change, depending on the amount of carbs you ate at a meal and the difference between your target blood sugar level and your actual reading.


Question: If I carb count, can I eat whatever I want if I have diabetes?

Answer: All starchy foods, sugars, fruit, milk, and yogurt are rich in carbs, too. Make sure you count them all, not just the obvious ones. Measuring cups and a food scale when you eat at home will help you be accurate. Make healthy choices.


Question: How can I maintain the correct amount of carb intake per meal if I have diabetes?

Answer: Most adults with diabetes aim for 45-60 grams of carbs per meal and 15-20 grams per snack. That number may go up or down, depending on how active you are and the medicines you take, so check with your doctor or a registered dietitian. Your doses may change, depending on the amount of carbs you ate at a meal and the difference between your target blood sugar level and your actual reading.


Question: How is a colonoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon or large intestine. A colonoscopy is similar to a sigmoidoscopy, except that the doctor will use a colonoscope, a longer flexible tube, to examine the entire colon. At the end of the procedure, the pictures are downloaded from the receiver onto a computer.


Question: How is a barium X-ray used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: You swallow a chalky white solution that coats the intestinal tract so it will be visible on X-rays. If a barium study is used to check the lower GI tract, you will be given an enema containing barium and asked to hold it in while X-rays are taken of the rectum and colon. Abnormalities caused by either Crohn's or ulcerative colitis may show up in these X-rays. If you have upper GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, a doctor will use an endoscope, a narrow, flexible tube with a camera and light, that will be inserted through the mouth -- to examine your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, which is the first part of your small intestine.


Question: What does medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease involve?

Answer: With this approach, the least harmful drugs or drugs that are only taken for a short period of time are used first. If they fail to provide relief, drugs from a higher step are used. Treatment typically begins with aminosalicylates, which are aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs such as balsalazide ( Colazal), mesalamine ( Asacol, Apriso, Lialda, Pentasa), olsalazine ( Dipentum), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Mesalamine can be taken orally or be administered as a rectal suppository or enema to treat ulcerative colitis. Because they are anti-inflammatory, they are effective in both relieving symptoms of a flare-up and maintaining remission. The doctor may also prescribe anti diarrheal agents, antispasmodics, and acid suppressants for symptom relief. You should not take anti-diarrheal agents without a doctor's advice. These medications are not used in acute flare-ups, because they may take as long as 2 to 3 months to take action.


Question: How are biologic therapies used for inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: When there is less or no inflammation, the person usually is without symptoms and the disease is said to be in remission. Other anti- TNF agents approved for Crohn's disease are adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, and certolizumab ( Cimzia). An alternative to anti- TNF treatment for Crohn's disease are biologics that target integrin, two of which are natalizumab ( Tysabri) and vedolizumab ( Entyvio). Another drug, ustekinumab ( Stelara), blocks IL-12 and IL-23. Adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), certolizumab ( Cimzia), golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria), Infliximab ( Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra) are some of the anti- TNF drugs currently approved by the FDA for ulcerative colitis.


Question: What is inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: It has often been thought of as an autoimmune disease, but research suggests that the chronic inflammation may not be due to the immune system attacking the body itself. Instead, it is a result of the immune system attacking a harmless virus, bacteria, or food in the gut, causing inflammation that leads to bowel injury. They include: Abdominal cramps and pain Diarrhea that may be bloody Severe urgency to have a bowel movement Fever Weight loss Loss of appetite Iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss IBD can lead to several serious complications in the intestines, including: Profuse intestinal bleeding from the ulcers Perforation, or rupture of the bowel Narrowing - called a stricture -- and obstruction of the bowel; found in Crohn's Fistulae (abnormal passages) and perianal disease, disease in the tissue around the anus; these conditions are more common in Crohn's than in ulcerative colitis.


Question: How is capsule endoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: You swallow a small capsule that has a camera in it. Pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach and small bowel and then sent to a receiver you wear on a belt. At the end of the procedure, the pictures are downloaded from the receiver onto a computer. The camera is passed through your body into the toilet. If you have Crohn's disease, especially if it's accompanied by a complication such as perianal disease (diseased tissue around the anus), the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to be taken with your other medicines.


Question: When are antibiotics used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: Antibiotics are less commonly used for ulcerative colitis. If you have Crohn's disease and require surgery, your doctor will discuss your options with you.


Question: Can diet and nutrition help or cure lupus?

Answer: In general, people with lupus should aim for a well-balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It should also include moderate amounts of meats, poultry, and oily fish. It can also result from medications that cause stomach upset or mouth sores. That makes a heart-healthy diet an important part of a lupus treatment plan.


Question: Why could foods that fight inflammation help with lupus symptoms?

Answer: Still, good nutrition is an important part of an overall treatment plan for the disease. So it's possible, though not proven, that foods that fight inflammation could help lupus symptoms. On the other hand, foods that fuel inflammation could worsen them.


Question: What are signs of a picky eater?

Answer: They can also be signs your little one is simply full, distracted, or not feeling well. A baby can seem picky for dozens of reasons -- or no reason at all. There's only one way to find out: Try slowing down the next feeding, or picking up the pace.


Question: What are some tips to help tame a picky eater?

Answer: Never force feed. Try different textures. Transform the tempo. Some babies want to eat fast, others slow. Minimize distractions. Turn off the TV, remove toys and books, and help your little one focus on one thing: Eating. Keep meal length reasonable. Although you shouldn't rush mealtime, don't let it go on much longer than 20-30 minutes. Let baby touch his food. Let your baby participate. By about 9 months, many babies are interested in trying to feed themselves. Don't let on that you're frustrated or angry. Understand who's responsible for what. It's your job to feed your baby, but it's your baby's responsibility to decide what and how much to eat.


Question: Where can someone buy lancets, strips, and meters?

Answer: Ask your doctor or diabetes educator for advice on what kind to buy. Take your blood testing items with you when you see your doctor or nurse so that you can learn how to use them the right way. You can buy strips for testing urine ketones at a drugstore.


Question: Do I need to worry about exercise if I am not on diabetes medication?

Answer: They'll also show you the best places on your body to give yourself a shot. The needles are small and sharp and do not go deep into your skin. Diabetes medications are safe and easy to take. You need to know if you are lowering your blood sugar.


Question: What if my body makes insulin but it doesn't lower my blood sugar?

Answer: Some are taken once a day, and others are taken more often. Ask your doctor when you should take yours. You may also need them if the diabetes pills no longer lower your blood sugar. Some people test their blood once a day.


Question: Are diabetes pills safe?

Answer: Diabetes medications are safe and easy to take. Be sure to tell your doctor if yours make you feel bad or if you have any other problems. Remember, you'll still have to follow an eating plan and exercise to help lower your blood sugar. You may be able to stop taking diabetes pills if you lose weight. Losing even a little bit can help lower your blood sugar.


Question: What should someone who uses insulin do?

Answer: Eat about the same amount of food each day at about the same time. Don't skip meals, especially if you've already given yourself an insulin shot. Your blood sugar may go too low. Your doctor will tell you what kind of insulin to use, how much, and when to give yourself a shot.


Question: How does exercise affect someone who uses insulin?

Answer: If You Use Insulin Exercise after eating, not before. Test your blood sugar before, during, and after. If You Don't Use Insulin See your doctor before starting an exercise program. Test your blood sugar before and after exercising if you take diabetes pills. You want it no lower than 70 or no higher than 240.


Question: Where should I keep extra insulin?

Answer: When you're being active, carry a snack with you in case your blood sugar drops. Keep extra insulin in your refrigerator in case you break the bottle you're using. Too much heat, cold, or bright light can damage insulin.


Question: How and why would I need an insulin shot for diabetes?

Answer: Some people give themselves one a day. Some people give themselves two or more a day. Never skip a shot, even if you are sick. Your doctor will tell you what kind of insulin to use, how much, and when to give yourself a shot. Your doctor or the diabetes educator will show you how to draw up insulin in the needle. Ask someone to help you with your shots if your hands are shaky or you can't see well. If You Don't Use Insulin or Take Diabetes Pills Everyone with diabetes needs to follow their doctor's advice about eating and getting enough exercise.


Question: How is a thrombolysis done?

Answer: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made). But treatment for a severe blockage may be necessary for several days. During this procedure, a long catheter tipped with a tiny suction cup, rotating device, high-speed fluid jet, or ultrasound device is used to physically break up the clot. Thrombolysis may not be recommended for patients who use blood-thinning medication, herbs, or dietary supplements, or for people with certain conditions associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Although thrombolysis is usually successful, the treatment is not able to dissolve the blood clot in up to 25% of patients.


Question: What is the prognosis after thrombolysis?

Answer: Thrombolysis, also known as thrombolytic therapy, is a treatment to dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, and prevent damage to tissues and organs. Another 12% of patients subsequently redevelop the clot or blockage in the blood vessel. In addition, thrombolysis alone -- even when successful -- cannot treat tissue that has already been damaged by compromised blood circulation. So, further treatment may be needed to address the underlying causes of the blood clot and repair damaged tissues and organs.


Question: Can you get vitamin E naturally from foods?

Answer: People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Good sources of vitamin E include: Vegetable oils Green leafy vegetables, like spinach Fortified cereals and other foods Eggs Nuts The risks and benefits of taking vitamin E are still unclear.


Question: What are the risks of taking vitamin E?

Answer: However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. Long-term use (over 10 years) of vitamin E has been linked to an increase in stroke. In addition, an analysis of clinical trials found patients who took either synthetic vitamin E or natural vitamin E in doses of 400 IU per day -- or higher -- had an increased risk of dying from all causes, which seems to increase even more at higher doses. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization. Vitamin E supplements might be harmful when taken in early pregnancy. One study found that women who took vitamin E supplementation during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy had a 1.7 to nine-fold increase in congenital heart defects. The exact amount of vitamin E supplements used by pregnant women in this study is unknown. A large population study showed that men using a multivitamin more than seven times per week in conjunction with a separate vitamin E supplement actually had a significantly increased risk of developing prostate cancer.


Question: What is vitamin E used for?

Answer: These are substances that protect cells from damage. However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. Topical vitamin E can irritate the skin.


Question: Why do people take vitamin E?

Answer: But studies of vitamin E for preventing cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and many other conditions have been disappointing. So far, the only established benefits of vitamin E supplements are in people who have an actual deficiency. Vitamin E deficiencies are rare. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization.


Question: How safe is prednisone and other oral steroids in treating asthma?

Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Besides prednisone, other systemic steroids used in the treatment of asthma include: Medrol, Methylpred, Solu- Medrol (methylprednisolone) Deltasone (prednisone) Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred, (prednisolone) Decadron (dexamethasone) While a two-week course or "short burst" of oral steroids like prednisone is relatively safe, it's important to avoid steroids on a long-term basis as there are potential serious side effects. Taking supplemental calcium may help to prevent osteoporosis or thinning of the bones, which is one of the side effects of long-term steroid use. Steroids have many potential side effects, especially when given orally and for a long period of time. After introduction of inhaled steroids, the need for oral steroids such as prednisone may decrease.


Question: What are other systemic steroids besides prednisone is used to treat asthma?

Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Besides prednisone, other systemic steroids used in the treatment of asthma include: Medrol, Methylpred, Solu- Medrol (methylprednisolone) Deltasone (prednisone) Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred, (prednisolone) Decadron (dexamethasone) While a two-week course or "short burst" of oral steroids like prednisone is relatively safe, it's important to avoid steroids on a long-term basis as there are potential serious side effects.


Question: How long should I take prednisone in treating asthma?

Answer: Prednisone is an oral steroid medication. Sometimes systemic steroids like prednisone are taken in high doses for a few days. This is called a steroid burst. They may also be given in a low dose daily or every other day for long-term asthma control.


Question: What anti-inflammatory drug can be used for asthma as well as other lung diseases?

Answer: Prednisone and other steroids (inhaled, oral, or by injection) help calm airway inflammation in asthma. If you've ever had a serious asthma attack, you may have had high doses of steroids in the hospital administered intravenously. After introduction of inhaled steroids, the need for oral steroids such as prednisone may decrease.


Question: What is constipation?

Answer: As fecal material sits in the colon, the harder the stool becomes and the more difficult it is to pass. A normal stool should not be either unusually hard or soft, and you shouldn't have to strain unreasonably to pass it. Bowel habits tend to vary with age and circumstances.


Question: How do doctors diagnose childhood depression?

Answer: But tools such as questionnaires (for both the child and parents) and interviews by a mental health professional that include taking a careful history can help to make an accurate diagnosis. There can be spontaneous recovery from childhood depression.


Question: Are the symptoms of childhood depression always the same?

Answer: The symptoms of childhood depression may vary. In fact, kids have different symptoms of childhood depression at different times and in different settings. Some children may continue to function reasonably well in structured environments. But most kids with childhood depression will suffer a very noticeable change in social activities, a loss of interest in school, poor academic performance, or a change in appearance. Children may also begin using drugs or alcohol. Or they may start smoking cigarettes, especially if they are over age 12.


Question: How is childhood depression different from regular sadness?

Answer: Childhood depression is different from the everyday "blues" that most kids get as they develop. The fact that a child feels sad, lonely, or irritable does not mean he or she has childhood depression. Childhood depression is persistent sadness. When it occurs, the child feels alone, hopeless, helpless, and worthless. When this type of sadness is unending, it disrupts every part of the child's life. It interferes with the child's daily activities, schoolwork, and peer relationships. Treatment options for kids with childhood depression are similar to those for adults.


Question: What's the treatment for childhood depression?

Answer: The good news is that health care professionals can accurately diagnose, treat, and manage mental health problems -- including childhood depression -- with psychotherapy and medication. So are those with symptoms of childhood depression. The best studies to date indicate that a combination of psychotherapy and medication is the most effective method to successfully treat childhood depression. Children with severe bipolar disorder-like symptoms are often treated with psychotherapy and a combination of medicines.


Question: What are the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Answer: Swelling or redness near the penis or vagina. Bleeding from the vagina other than during a monthly period. Don't have sex with someone whom you suspect may have an STD. Know the signs and symptoms of STDs.


Question: How can I avoid spreading a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

Answer: He or she can examine you and perform tests to determine if you have an STD. Follow your doctor's instructions for treatment. Use condoms whenever you have sex, especially with new partners. Don't resume having sex unless your doctor says it's okay. Return to your doctor to get rechecked. Be sure your sex partner or partners also are treated.


Question: How can I protect myself from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Answer: Here are some basic steps that you can take to protect yourself from STDs: Consider that not having sex or sexual relations (abstinence) is the only sure way to prevent STDs. Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Limit your number of sexual partners. This means having sex with only one person. Choose your sex partners with care. Get checked for STDs. Don't use alcohol or drugs before you have sex. You may be less likely to use a condom if you are drunk or high. Know the signs and symptoms of STDs.


Question: How are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) treated?

Answer: Treatment can: Cure many STDs Lessen the symptoms of STDs Make it less likely that you will spread the disease Help you to get healthy and stay healthy Many STDs are treated with antibiotics. If you are given an antibiotic to treat an STD, it's important that you take all of the drug, even if the symptoms go away. Some doctors, however, may provide additional antibiotics to be given to your partner so that you can be treated at the same time.


Question: What causes mesenteric lymphadenitis?

Answer: This is the most common cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis in children. Sometimes mesenteric lymphadenitis causes no symptoms. Many conditions are linked to mesenteric lymphadenitis -- some serious, others not.


Question: How is mesenteric lymphadenitis diagnosed?

Answer: Mesenteric lymphadenitis often causes abdominal pain. Sometimes mesenteric lymphadenitis causes no symptoms. The doctor may simply spot it while doing imaging tests for some other problem. Blood tests may help spot an infection. Urine tests may help rule out a urinary tract infection. An abdominal ultrasound or CT scan can help rule out other causes of symptoms.


Question: How is mesenteric lymphadenitis treated?

Answer: Mesenteric lymphadenitis often causes abdominal pain. Still, you may need medicine to reduce a fever or control pain. Rest, fluids, and warm heat applied to the abdomen may also help relieve symptoms. You may need treatment for the cause of the inflammation. Antibiotics can prevent complications from a severe bacterial infection (septicemia), which can cause death.


Question: What HIV/AIDS drugs cause skin rashes?

Answer: These side effects range from mild to life threatening. All classes of HIV drugs, including fusion inhibitors, may cause this side effect. Symptoms of severe rashes include: Flat or raised red spots with blisters in the center Blisters in the mouth, eyes, genitals, or other moist areas Peeling skin that causes painful sores Fever Headache Treatment of skin rashes includes: A change in medications, but only under the guidance of your doctor Antihistamine drugs Hospitalization and intravenous fluids and medications for severe skin rashes


Question: What do you need to skip eating when you're pregnant and have type 1 or 2 diabetes?

Answer: All the rules of a good diet apply during pregnancy. Protein can include: Eggs Lean meat or fish Cheese Beans Tofu Nuts or nut butter Carbs can include: Starches, like bread, cooked or dry cereal, rice, pasta, popcorn, or pretzels. Don't drink alcohol. Skip unpasteurized milk products, juices, and soft cheeses, like Brie and feta, unless they are labeled as pasteurized. Only eat meat, eggs, and poultry that are fully cooked. Don't drink more than 200 milligrams of caffeine a day -- about 1 1/2 8-ounce cups of coffee.


Question: What happens during a stress echocardiogram?

Answer: When getting a dobutamine-induced stress test, a technician will place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on your chest. The technician will perform a resting echocardiogram, measure your resting heart rate, and take your blood pressure. The doctor or nurse will administer the dobutamine into the IV while the technician continues to obtain echo images. The medication will cause your heart to react as if you were exercising: your heart rate will rise and you may feel it beating more strongly. It may cause a warm, flushing feeling and in some cases, a mild headache. At regular intervals, the lab personnel will ask how you are feeling. Please tell them if you feel chest, arm, or jaw pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, or any other unusual symptoms. The lab personnel will watch for any changes on the ECG monitor that suggest the test should be stopped. The IV will be removed from your arm once all of the medication has entered your bloodstream. An intravenous line ( IV) will be inserted into a vein in your arm or hand so that medications can be delivered during the test. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiograph monitor ( ECG or EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test.


Question: What should I do to prepare for a transesophageal echocardiogram?

Answer: If you have any questions about your medications, ask your doctor. On the day of a transesophageal echocardiogram, do not eat or drink anything for six hours before the test. Take all of your medications at the usual times, as prescribed by your doctor. If you must take medication before the test, take it with a small sip of water. If you have diabetes and take medication or insulin to manage your blood sugar, please ask your doctor or the testing center for specific guidelines about taking your diabetes medications before the test. Someone should come with you to your appointment to take you home, as you should not drive until the day after the test. The sedation given during the test causes drowsiness, dizziness, and impairs your judgment, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate machinery.


Question: How long does an echocardiogram take?

Answer: Your doctor will discuss the test results with you. The appointment will take about 60 minutes. You should not eat or drink until the anesthetic wears off -- about an hour after the test.


Question: What happens after a transesophageal echocardiogram?

Answer: Your doctor will discuss the test results with you. When completed, the probe is withdrawn. You will be monitored for about 20-30 minutes after the test, which takes about 10-30 minutes to perform. Someone will need to drive you home after the test. You should not eat or drink until the anesthetic wears off -- about an hour after the test.


Question: How do I reduce swelling and prevent injury of an area affected by fracture or dislocation?

Answer: Apply firm pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. Elevate the injured area if possible.


Question: How do I protect my eyes while looking at a computer screen?

Answer: The more times you try to quit, the more likely you are to succeed. Staring at a computer or phone screen for too long can cause: Eyestrain Blurry vision Trouble focusing at a distance Dry eyes Headaches Neck, back, and shoulder pain To protect your eyes: Make sure your glasses or contacts prescription is up to date and good for looking at a computer screen. That lets you look slightly down at the screen. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Position it so that your feet are flat on the floor. If your eyes are dry, blink more. Rest your eyes every 20 minutes. Look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Get up at least every 2 hours and take a 15-minute break.


Question: What can osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) treat?

Answer: DOs often use OMT to relieve pain. This technique may also ease migraines. OMT can also treat other conditions, such as: Shoulder problems Headaches Neck pain Knee problems Depending on your case, your DO may find that you also need other treatments, such as medicine or surgery.


Question: How does osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) feel?

Answer: So DOs are trained to use their hands to gently move your joints and tissues to correct any restrictions in your range of motion. It should not hurt.


Question: What should I do after the first 24 hours after a spinal tap?

Answer: You will either lie on your side with your knees drawn as close to your chest as possible and your chin toward your chest or sit while leaning over a stable surface. Drink plenty of fluid.


Question: What are symptoms of grape and raisin poisoning in dogs?

Answer: Symptoms after eating these foods can include: Vomiting Diarrhea Drooling More symptoms may begin days later, such as: Stumbling Lack of interest in eating Dark urine Grapes, and the raisins made from them, can cause kidney failure in dogs. The most common symptom is vomiting. Later symptoms of kidney failure include pain in the belly and less urine.


Question: What is the outlook for a muscle strain?

Answer: Note: Ice or heat should not be applied to bare skin. Medical treatment is similar to the treatment at home.


Question: How can I get muscle damage?

Answer: Muscle strain, muscle pull, or even a muscle tear refers to damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons. The tearing of the muscle can also damage small blood vessels, causing local bleeding, or bruising, and pain caused by irritation of the nerve endings in the area.


Question: What causes motor skill delays in children?

Answer: They include: Vision problems A lack of muscle control, called ataxia Trouble with how the brain coordinates and plans movements, called dyspraxia Muscle diseases Cerebral palsy What you can do. But most of the time, doctors can't find a specific cause for a cognitive delay.


Question: What can you do to treat motor skill delays in children?

Answer: He may also need: Physical therapy to help him with movements that use a lot of muscle groups Occupational therapy to improve small movement skills or coordination problems Medication or other treatment for a muscle disease Kids usually get stronger and more coordinated as they grow up. You can also work with a therapist to learn how to encourage good social and emotional skills at home.


Question: What can you do to help with thinking-related delays in children?

Answer: If you think your child has a problem with his speech or language, let his doctor know right away. If the doctor agrees, she'll recommend a specialist who can figure out what the problem is. Depending on your child's diagnosis, he might get help from: Play therapy or occupational therapy Special education Sometimes, medication can help with behavioral problems that can come with cognitive delays, like mood swings or lack of attention.


Question: What are social and emotional delays like in children?

Answer: Children who have a speech delay may stutter or have trouble saying words the right way. One common cause of social and emotional delays is called autism spectrum disorder, or ASD. It can affect how a child expresses himself, interacts, behaves, and learns. But most of the time, doctors can't find a specific cause for a cognitive delay.


Question: What are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications for arthritis?

Answer: Acetaminophen can ease mild and moderate arthritis pain. But you have to take it carefully. Many other types of medications also have acetaminophen, so it's easy to take too much without realizing it. Make sure you don't take more than 3,000 milligrams per day. NSAIDs also lower swelling and ease pain. Most healthy people can safely take them for short periods without any problems. But NSAIDs can raise your odds of having a heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Skin creams made from capsaicin, an extract from chili peppers, may help relieve mild arthritis pain.


Question: What are some nondrug treatments arthritis pain?

Answer: But you have to do it regularly. Like most treatments, if you don't stick with exercise, the benefits go away. It also relieves pain and helps your joints work better. Losing at least 10% of your body weight (20 pounds in a 200-pound person) can cut your pain in half. Walking aids, such as canes, and knee braces also help, especially if your knee is out of alignment. Splints can help with OA of the thumb. Ask your doctor or physical therapist about any other devices that may help. Your doctor will decide if you need these drugs to treat your pain.


Question: Can I take steroids for arthritis pain?

Answer: They may not get rid of your pain totally, but they can often ease it enough for you to do the things you want and need to do. But you have to do it regularly. Pain relief drugs you can buy at the pharmacy, like acetaminophen and NSAIDs (such as or ), are usually easy to get and don't cost a lot. The most common side effect is pain where the needle went in.


Question: What are some pros and cons of using opioids for arthritis pain?

Answer: Like over-the-counter NSAIDs, taking these medications for a long time may cause serious side effects like a heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and stomach irritation and bleeding for some people, especially in those who are older. If other treatments don't work, your doctor may prescribe a medication related to opioids called tramadol ( Ultram). Keep in mind that they can cause some serious side effects if you use them for a long time, including dependence and addiction. Yet when you take them exactly as prescribed, these pain relievers can be safe and work well against pain. Injections of hyaluronic acid into joints may help relieve pain in some people with mild to moderate knee OA.


Question: What is milk thistle (silymarin)?

Answer: Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Silymarin is both an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.


Question: What is milk thistle?

Answer: Some people also call it Mary thistle and holy thistle. Silymarin is both an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.


Question: How do you take milk thistle (silymarin)?

Answer: Milk thistle can also be taken in conjunction with cholesterol lowering medications, like statins. Milk thistle can be combined with other herbs.


Question: What should you tell your doctor if you're taking milk thistle (silymarin)?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking any supplements, as they may interfere with your medication. Milk thistle can also be taken in conjunction with cholesterol lowering medications, like statins.


Question: What happens when you have headaches?

Answer: Although not all headaches are the same, they all share at least one thing in common -- they cause pain. But many headaches also cause other unwanted symptoms, including nausea and vomiting. There are different types: Episodic Tension Headaches (occur less than 15 days per month) Pain is mild to moderate, constant band-like pain or pressure Pain affects the front, top or sides of the head.


Question: What products are available to manage urinary incontinence?

Answer: Liners are generally wider and longer than pads and offer better "front-to-back" protection. Pads are usually curved. There's also a range of disposable undergarments with built-in protection -- not just in the crotch, but throughout the entire garment. You can also find open-sided "thong style" panties held together by straps in the front and back that rest on top of the hip bone. Guards are pads designed around a man's anatomy and worn inside regular underwear. They're held in place by adhesive tabs pressed against fabric. With a variation known as a "drip collector," the penis is placed inside a protective, absorbent sack that absorbs urine flow.


Question: How can tampons help with urinary incontinence?

Answer: Women can choose devices that go inside the vagina, like tampons or vaginal sponges. They provide temporary control by putting pressure on the tissues of the bladder. This helps keep urine from escaping and is particularly good for stress incontinence, where exercise, laughing, and sneezing causes urine to leak. No matter how well your incontinence products work, when urine continually touches your skin, you can get rashes and even infections.


Question: How can a vaginal guard help with urinary incontinence?

Answer: It prevents leaks by adding support to the pelvic structures and muscles. Vaginal guards -- disposable polyurethane devices -- come in three sizes. The guard is inserted into the vagina using an applicator and adds support to the pelvic structures and urethra muscles.


Question: How should I prepare for deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Find a center with doctors who are trained and skilled in the procedure. Discuss it with your doctor, and set realistic expectations for the outcome. DBS is costly, so be sure you know what your insurance plan covers. You'll need tests to check your memory, thinking, and mood. Others, like MRI and CT scans, help pinpoint the part of your brain to be targeted. Since you'll likely be awake during the brain procedure, it may be easier if you have ways to stay relaxed.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease work?

Answer: Deep brain stimulation ( DBS) is a treatment for symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including tremors, stiffness, and trouble walking. A small device placed inside your chest sends electrical pulses to your brain. The pulses block nerve signals that cause Parkinson's symptoms. A DBS system has four parts: A thin wire, called a lead, that's placed in the part of your brain causing symptoms A pulse generator, like a pacemaker, that sends tiny electrical signals to the lead A wire that connects the lead to the pulse generator A remote control to program the system -- the only part outside your body After the system is in place and turned on, a DBS expert will adjust it so you get the best relief for your symptoms.


Question: What happens after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: A small device placed inside your chest sends electrical pulses to your brain. You'll need to keep taking your usual dose of Parkinson's medicine after surgery. Your device can't be programmed until the swelling in your brain goes down, which takes about 2 to 4 weeks, and you have the pulse generator. It also takes time to get the programming right. But once you do, your symptoms could get better, and you may need less medicine.


Question: How does food you eat cause bad breath?

Answer: You've suffered from bad breath. They may taste delicious, but consider yourself warned. Food you eat: Although garlic and coffee are two main offenders, other eats like onions and spicy food also can bring on bad breath. The odors of these foods enter your bloodstream and head right to your lungs, coming out with each exhale. Morning mouth may be associated with hunger.


Question: If I have diabetes, when is the best time of day to try on shoes?

Answer: About 6 out of 10 people with diabetes wear the wrong-size shoes, a study at the University of Dundee in the United Kingdom shows. Your feet are more likely to be a little swollen. If shoes are comfortable when your feet are swollen, they should feel fine the rest of the time, too.


Question: If I have diabetes, can I wear high heels?

Answer: If you have nerve damage, you might not realize that area is sore or getting calluses. High heels can also cause balance issues, especially if you have nerve damage. Straps can put pressure on parts of your foot, leading to sores and blisters.


Question: What is the pancreas?

Answer: It is about six inches long and less than 2 inches wide. It has two big manufacturing jobs in the body: It makes digestive juices that help the intestines break down food. The pancreas is divided into three sections: the head, the body, and the tail. These cancers usually originate in the head of the pancreas.


Question: How can exercise help fibromyalgia symptoms?

Answer: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome-- a collection of symptoms, rather than a specific disease. It is unclear how these medications work to relieve the symptoms in fibromyalgia. Low-impact aerobic exercises such as yoga, tai chi, or Pilates can also be helpful. If you want to increase the intensity of your exercise, talk with your doctor. Whatever exercise you choose, focus on three areas: range of motion, aerobic, and strength training. Some studies report that acupuncture may help ease pain, anxiety, and fatigue.


Question: What are some alternative treatments for fibromyalgia?

Answer: Researchers aren't sure how Cymbalta works in fibromyalgia, but they think that increasing levels of serotonin and norepinephrine help control and reduce feelings of pain. In general, there hasn't been extensive research on complementary and alternative medicine ( CAM), but anecdotal evidence suggests that some may work. Popular alternative treatments include: Acupuncture. Some studies report that acupuncture may help ease pain, anxiety, and fatigue. Massage therapy. This may help reduce muscle tension, ease pain in both muscles and soft tissue,improve range of motion, and boost production of natural painkillers. Chiropractic treatment. Based on spinal adjustments to reduce pain, this popular therapy may help relieve fibromyalgia symptoms. Supplements. Some of the most popular for fibromyalgia include magnesium, melatonin, 5- HTP, and SAMe, which may affect serotonin levels. However, results of studies on these supplements are mixed. Be sure to talk with your doctor before taking any supplements. Herbs. As with supplements, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of herbs is mixed.


Question: What medications are  prescribed for fibromyalgia?

Answer: Three medications are FDA-approved to treat fibromyalgia: Cymbalta (duloxetine): Cymbalta is atype of antidepressant called a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ( SNRI). Antidepressants are also sometimes prescribed to help people manage fibromyalgia symptoms: Tricyclic antidepressants. These medications are also sometimes prescribed for fibromyalgia: Local anesthetics that are injected into especially tender areas can provide temporary relief, usually for no longer than three months. Anticonvulsants or seizure medications such as Neurontin are effective for reducing pain and anxiety. It is unclear how these medications work to relieve the symptoms in fibromyalgia. Muscle relaxants are occasionally prescribed to help alleviate pain associated with muscle strain in those with fibromyalgia.


Question: How can a physical therapist help with fibromyalgia?

Answer: There is a blood test that can help diagnose fibromyalgia. Physical therapy can help you get control of your illness by focusing on what you can do to improve your situation rather than on your chronic symptoms.


Question: Can antidepressants treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: Several types of medicines are used to help manage fibromyalgia symptoms such as pain and fatigue. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs). Your doctor may prescribe one of these types of antidepressants by itself or in combination with a tricyclic antidepressant. SSRIs prevent serotonin from being reabsorbed in the brain. This may help ease pain and fatigue. This may help reduce muscle tension, ease pain in both muscles and soft tissue,improve range of motion, and boost production of natural painkillers.


Question: What are symptoms of fibromyalgia?

Answer: Some of the most recognizable fibromyalgia symptoms are: Widespread pain Severe fatigue Tender points on the body Anxiety or depression Doctors often diagnose fibromyalgia by considering criteria such as how long you've had pain and how widespread it is, and by ruling out other causes. Exercise is an important part of managing fibromyalgia symptoms.


Question: Why do people take melatonin?

Answer: People use melatonin when they have insomnia -- trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. They also take it for other sleep problems. That's the tired, run-down feeling some get when they're traveling across time zones. Doctors are also studying to see if melatonin can help with: Alzheimer's disease Cancer Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS) High nighttime blood pressure Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders While melatonin generally brings fewer side effects than other sleep medicines, you could still have: Daytime sleepiness Headache Dizziness Stomach discomfort Anxiety Crankiness A "heavy head" feeling Short-lived depression Melatonin supplements might cause problems if you take them with some medicines, including: Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressants) Diabetes drugs Birth control pills Tell your doctor if you're thinking about taking any supplement, especially if you take any medicine or have a health condition.


Question: What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

Answer: Even if you have a kidney stone, you may not have any symptoms -- that is, until the stone goes on the move. They include: Pain in your side or back, below the ribs, which is severe Pain in your groin and lower abdomen Pain that comes and goes and ranges in severity Painful urination and going more often than you usually do Urine that is cloudy, pink, red, or brown, or that has a bad smell Feeling like you need to pee all the time Fever and chills if you have an infection Small amounts of urine when you do go If you are in really bad pain, you probably want to see a doctor. And that can cause stones to form.


Question: What are kidney stones?

Answer: Kidney stones are small -- usually between the size of a kernel of corn and a grain of salt. When your body has too much of certain minerals, and at the same time doesn't have enough liquid, these pebble-like objects can form. Both men and women can get kidney stones, but men's chances of getting them are about double that of women's. If your stone is bigger or you can't pass it, you might be in a fair amount of pain. Some of that liquid can be orange juice, lemonade, or limeade.


Question: What type of kidney stones are cystine stones?

Answer: Once you get a cystine stone, there is a chance that you may have one again. You inherit the possibility of getting them from your parents, both of whom would have to have the same type of genetic mutation. These include: Shock wave lithotripsy: This is the most common procedure for kidney stones in the United States.


Question: How much water do you need to drink each day to prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Once you get a cystine stone, there is a chance that you may have one again. To stop this from happening, try the following: Drink plenty of water: You should drink at least 64 ounces of water each day. Some of that liquid can be orange juice, lemonade, or limeade. But not taking in enough calcium can boost the level of the oxalates in your urine.


Question: How can drinking and eating enough calcium help prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Your doctor may want you to save the stone so it can be tested. Drink and eat enough calcium: This preventive step might sound a little confusing, as doctors will tell you that high calcium levels (because of too much sodium) in your urine can cause a stone. But not taking in enough calcium can boost the level of the oxalates in your urine. And oxalates can cause kidney stones. It's best to get your calcium from foods and beverages rather than supplements.


Question: What type of kidney stones are uric acid stones?

Answer: You could get this kind if you typically don't drink enough water or if you sweat a lot and don't replace the fluids you lose. Uric acid stones: Eating large amounts of animal proteins can cause uric acid to build up in the urine and eventually form a stone either with or without calcium. And that can cause stones to form.


Question: What type of kidney stones are calcium stones?

Answer: They include: Calcium stones: These are the most common ones. Even just eating some foods very high in oxalates, such as rhubarb, or taking unusually high levels of Vitamin D, can boost your chances of getting this type. But not taking in enough calcium can boost the level of the oxalates in your urine.


Question: What can I do to protect my child's sight?

Answer: To help protect your child's eyesight: Eat right both during pregnancy and after. Provide nutritious meals with fruits, vegetables, nuts, and up to 12 ounces a week of fish. Give your child toys that encourage visual development. Watch your baby for signs that the eyes are crossed or turned out. Provide sun protection when outdoors by means of shelter or UV coated lenses, especially if your child's eyes are light in color. Be an example to your child by wearing the proper protective athletic gear when playing sports. Have your child's eyes examined regularly, particularly during infancy and childhood.


Question: What can you do to protect your child's sight?

Answer: To help protect your child's eyesight: Eat right both during pregnancy and after. Your baby will be healthier and you will set a good example. Provide nutritious meals with fruits, vegetables, nuts, and up to 12 ounces a week of fish. These foods contain key antioxidants and nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin, E, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, and lutein, which are linked to eye health. ( Buy fish such as salmon, shrimp, canned light tuna, catfish, or pollock. Young children should avoid shark, swordfish, mackerel, or tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury.) Provide your child with age-appropriate toys that are free from sharp edges. Give your child toys that encourage visual development. Watch your baby for signs that the eyes are crossed or turned out. Look at your baby for any haziness or clouding in the pupil. Provide sun protection when outdoors by means of shelter or UV coated lenses, especially if your child's eyes are light in color. Be an example to your child by wearing the proper protective athletic gear when playing sports. Have your child's eyes examined regularly, particularly during infancy and childhood. Talk to your baby as you move around the room to encourage his or her eyes to follow you.


Question: How is insulin managed in adults with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: But if you have type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't make insulin. You'll also need to monitor your blood glucose levels.


Question: What is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)?

Answer: The nerve is called the vagus nerve. It's also very effective for patients who suffer from mania or a number of other mental illnesses. How VNS works: The small stimulator is implanted under the skin of the collarbone and runs under the skin to the vagus nerve in the neck. The device emits electrical pulses to stimulate the brain.


Question: How is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) treated?

Answer: Because it's risky for young children to get anesthesia, doctors like to do it right after the diagnosis is confirmed. If both eyes are affected, the doctor will operate on both at the same time. If surgery can't take place right away, the doctor may prescribe eye drops, medicine to be taken by mouth, or a combination of the two to help control fluid pressure. If the usual methods don't work, the doctor may perform laser surgery to destroy the area where fluid is produced.


Question: What is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)?

Answer: Primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) is a serious condition that needs attention. It affects about one in every 10,000 infants. Untreated cases are a major cause of childhood blindness. " Primary" means the disease doesn't result from another illness or condition, like a tumor. " Congenital" means it's present at birth. The optic nerve, at the back of your eye, sends signals to your brain.


Question: What things can go wrong with an oral (mouth) piercing?

Answer: An oral (mouth) piercing is a small hole in your tongue, lip, cheek, or uvula (the tiny tissue at the back of your throat) so you can wear jewelry. Mouth piercings also may: Make it hard to speak, chew, or swallow Damage your tongue, gums, or fillings. Make you drool Make it hard for your dentist to take an X-ray of your teeth Lead to serious health problems, like gum disease, uncontrolled bleeding, long-term infection, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C Lead to an allergic reaction to the metal in the jewelry Because of these risks, the American Dental Association warns against oral piercings.


Question: How can I make sure that I get a safe oral (mouth) piecing?

Answer: If you've decided to get an oral piercing, make sure you're up to date on vaccines for hepatitis B and tetanus. You'll want to make sure that: The piercer is happy to answer your questions The people who work in the shop have been vaccinated against Hepatitis B ( It's fine to ask.) The shop doesn't use a piercing gun The needle is new and has never been used The needle is placed in a sealed container after it's used Jewelry is made of surgical steel, solid gold, or platinum Once you leave the shop, you'll need to make sure your piercing heals and doesn't get infected.


Question: How does atrial fibrillation happen?

Answer: Atrial fibrillation, also called AFib, is a common heart condition. It boosts your odds of heart failure and cerebral infarction, a brain injury that results from a blood clot blocking blood flow in your brain.


Question: How can atrial fibrillation be treated?

Answer: Your treatment will depend on which you have. You may not need treatment with this type of AFib, but you should see a doctor. Doctors have many ways to treat atrial fibrillation, no matter which type you have.


Question: What causes atrial fibrillation?

Answer: Atrial fibrillation, also called AFib, is a common heart condition. This can't be corrected by treatments. Doctors have many ways to treat atrial fibrillation, no matter which type you have. If you have symptoms, see your doctor to discuss what will be best for you.


Question: Who is more likely to get atrial fibrillation?

Answer: You can go home after it's done, but someone else will have to drive you. Doctors have many ways to treat atrial fibrillation, no matter which type you have.


Question: What are exercise precautions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: It's good to take precautions when exercising with COPD, but remember that shortness of breath doesn't always mean you should stop altogether. Ask your doctor about when you should stop exercising and rest. Here are other exercise precautions: Always consult a doctor or other health care provider before starting a COPD exercise program. If you have a change in any medications, talk to your doctor before continuing your exercise routine. If you feel very tired, rest, and try again the next day. Wait at least an hour and a half after eating before beginning to exercise. Avoid hot or cold showers after exercising. If you've been away from exercise for several days, start up slowly, and gradually return to your regular routine.


Question: What are the risks of taking iodine?

Answer: It's available in the U. S. as an FDA-approved treatment and a supplement. In the U. S., pregnant women have a higher risk of low iodine levels. For other uses of iodine for specific medical conditions, ask your doctor about the amount you need.


Question: Are stimulant medications addictive for adults with ADHD?

Answer: People who have ADHD may have had trouble getting along with others when they were kids or had a hard time in school. Stimulants are controlled substances.


Question: How can adults with ADHD manage anger?

Answer: But if they do take them later in the day, they may be tempted to use alcohol or other things "to relax." Breathe slowly. Count to 10 while you breathe slowly instead of acting out. Usually the impulse will pass as quickly as it appeared.


Question: What causes sever's disease?

Answer: In the case of Sever's (or Sever) disease, though, your child's growth spurt can lead to serious pain. When the muscles and tendons can't grow fast enough to keep up, they are stretched too tight. If your child is very active, especially if she plays a sport that involves a lot of running and jumping on hard surfaces (such as soccer, basketball, or gymnastics), it can put extra strain on her already overstretched tendons. This leads to swelling and pain at the point where the tendons attach to the growing part of her heel.


Question: Should men with urinary incontinence cut down on alcohol and caffeine?

Answer: Cut down on alcohol and caffeine. Some experts think that extra weight may increase pressure in the abdomen and worsen urinary incontinence.