Question: What happens if I am diagnosed with gestational diabetes?

Answer: If two or more of the results are higher than the normal values, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.â Values are: fasting: Higher than 94 mg/d L, 1 hr - higher than179 mg/d L, 2 hr higher than 154mg/d L, 3 hr higher than 139 mg/d L. If you have the condition, your doctor will tell you about healthy lifestyle changes you'll need to make -- these involve your diet and physical activity. You will be educated about following a pregnancy diabetic diet and will start checking your sugars throughout the day.


Question: What is pseudotumor cerebri?

Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands.


Question: What are symptomatic relief medications?

Answer: Stress: your reaction to any change that requires you to adjust or respond Symptomatic relief medications: drugs used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including the pain of a headache or the nausea and vomiting associated with migraine; these may include simple analgesics, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antiemetics, or sedatives.


Question: What is Raynaud's phenomena?

Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands. This condition may be associated with migraines.


Question: What is the nervous system?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. It also receives information, much of which is sent to the brain. This information is analyzed and coordinated by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain.


Question: What are tension-type headaches?

Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.


Question: What is photophobia?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.


Question: What is the definition of acute headaches?

Answer: Acute: sudden; occurs quickly and generally, without warning Acute headaches: headaches that occur suddenly for the first time with symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time; they are usually due to an illness, infection, cold, or fever.


Question: What is the definition of photophobia?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.


Question: What is the definition of acupuncture?

Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used. Acupuncture stimulates the body's ability to resist or overcome illnesses and conditions by correcting energy imbalances. Acupuncture also prompts the body to produce chemicals that decrease or eliminate painful sensations.


Question: What is the definition of episodic?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.


Question: What is the definition of biofeedback?

Answer: Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.


Question: What is the definition of basilar artery migraine?

Answer: Basilar artery migraine: a migraine that is preceded by symptoms of dizziness, pain at the base of the skull with numbness, confusion, or loss of balance; these symptoms usually occur suddenly and can be associated with vision changes, the inability to speak properly, ringing in the ears, and vomiting. This type of migraine is strongly related to hormonal changes and primarily affects young adult women.


Question: What is the definition of decongestant medications?

Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.


Question: What is the definition of adrenaline (epinephrine)?

Answer: Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain.


Question: What is the definition of narcotics?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What is the definition of hemiplegic migraine?

Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.


Question: What is the definition of hydrocephalus?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is the definition of anticonvulsant?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is the definition of massage?

Answer: Massage: a type of headache treatment that involves rubbing, pinching, kneading, or otherwise manipulating the body to relieve muscular tension; massage can be helpful in promoting relaxation.


Question: What is the definition of ophthalmology?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What are endorphins?

Answer: Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches.


Question: What is ataxia?

Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.


Question: What is a headache?

Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.


Question: What is a headache history?

Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.


Question: What are food additives?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. MSG, nitrates, or phenylethalamine are examples of food additives.


Question: What is an anticonvulsant?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is an ophthalmologic migraine?

Answer: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: Pain around the eye, including paralysis in the muscles surrounding the eye; this is an emergency medical condition, as the symptoms can be caused by pressure on the nerves behind the eye. Other symptoms of recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy include a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, or other vision changes.


Question: What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. People taking MAO inhibitors must be careful not to eat foods containing tyramine, as this can cause increased blood pressure.


Question: What is a transformed migraine?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.


Question: What is biofeedback?

Answer: Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.


Question: What is an antihistamine?

Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.


Question: What does episodic mean?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.


Question: What is an electromyograph test?

Answer: Electromyograph ( EMG): a test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles to determine the amount of muscle tension; small, flat metal sensors, called electrodes, are attached to the skin (usually on the forehead). The electrodes measure the electrical activity in the muscles directly underneath the electrodes and adjoining muscles. The electrical activity of the muscles will be measured and displayed as numbers or electrical waves on a screen that the person can view.


Question: What is a hemorrhage?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is aspartame?

Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.


Question: What does anti-inflammatory mean?

Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.


Question: What is encephalitis?

Answer: Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection; encephalitis is a serious cause of headache.


Question: What does chronic mean?

Answer: CAT scan: see computed axial tomography Chronic: ongoing or occurring over an extended period of time; a chronic headache occurs at least every other day or 15 days per month for at least six months.


Question: What is cyclic vomiting?

Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.


Question: What is a confusional migraine?

Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.


Question: What is an aneurysm?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is head trauma?

Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.


Question: What is a hormone headache?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What does idiopathic mean?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is epilepsy?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.


Question: What is adrenaline?

Answer: Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain.


Question: What is a computed axial tomography (CAT) scan?

Answer: Common migraine: another term for migraine without aura Computed axial tomography ( CAT) scan: a diagnostic test in which X-rays and computers are used to produce an image of a cross-section of the body; a CT scan of the head may be recommended if you are getting daily or almost daily headaches. It can also be used to rule out other conditions that may contribute to headaches.


Question: What are secondary headaches?

Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.


Question: What is a migraineur?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches.


Question: What is a neurologist?

Answer: Neurologist: a medical specialist with advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles Neurology: the study of the nervous system Neuron: a nerve cell Neurotransmitter: a specialized chemical, produced in nerve cells, that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells Nitrite: a food additive that may trigger headaches in some people; nitrites are commonly found in processed meats, such as bacon, pepperoni, hot dogs, ham, sausage, luncheon meats, and deli-style meats and other cured or processed meats.


Question: What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

Answer: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): a test in which the electrical signals of the brain are recorded; electrical activity detected by electrodes, or sensors, placed on a person's scalp are transmitted to a machine that records the activity.


Question: What is a lumbar puncture?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. This diagnostic procedure is only done to rule out conditions that may be affecting the brain and spinal cord. This test is used only if the symptoms warrant it. It can cause a headache for a few hours afterward.


Question: What is the definition of antidepressant?

Answer: Antidepressant: a type of medication used primarily to treat depression; some of these medications have been useful in treating headaches, even when headaches aren't associated with depression.


Question: What is the definition of anti-inflammatory?

Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.


Question: What is the definition of paroxysmal torticollis?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is the definition of status migrainosus?

Answer: Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities on the face Spinal tap: see Lumbar puncture Status migrainosus: a rare and severe type of migraine that can last 72 hours or longer; the pain and nausea are so intense that people who have this type of headache must be hospitalized. Certain medications can cause this type migraine syndrome.


Question: What is the definition of sinuses?

Answer: Sinuses: air-filled cavities (spaces) located in your forehead, cheekbones, and behind the bridge of your nose; the sinuses produce a thin mucus that drains out of the channels of the nose.


Question: What is paroxysmal torticollis?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is mental imagery relaxation?

Answer: Meningitis: an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord Menstrual migraine: see Hormone headache Mental imagery relaxation: also called guided imagery, it is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body; guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape."


Question: What is a retinal migraine?

Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.


Question: What is the definition of hormone headache?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is the definition of endorphins?

Answer: Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches.


Question: What is the definition of abdominal migraine?

Answer: Abdominal migraine: a migraine, more common in children and adolescents, that is associated with cyclic vomiting (symptoms occur about once a month).


Question: What is paroxysmal vertigo?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What are seizures?

Answer: Sedative: medication that helps a person rest Seizures: an abnormal movement or behavior caused by unusual electrical activity in the brain Serotonin: a chemical messenger, called a neurotransmitter, which acts on blood vessels and pain control pathways in the brain; some medications which affect serotonin levels are used to prevent headaches.


Question: What is meningitis?

Answer: Meningitis: an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord Menstrual migraine: see Hormone headache Mental imagery relaxation: also called guided imagery, it is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body; guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape."


Question: What is a tumor?

Answer: Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) Tyramine: a substance found naturally in some foods, formed from the breakdown of protein as foods age; generally, the longer a high-protein food ages, the greater the tyramine content.


Question: What are sinuses?

Answer: Sinuses: air-filled cavities (spaces) located in your forehead, cheekbones, and behind the bridge of your nose; the sinuses produce a thin mucus that drains out of the channels of the nose. When a sinus becomes inflamed -- usually as the result of an allergic reaction a tumor, or an infection -- the inflammation will prevent the outflow of mucus and cause a pain similar to that of a headache.


Question: What are narcotics?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What is monosodium glutamate (MSG)?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What are temporomanidbular joints?

Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.


Question: What is pharyngitis?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is phonophobia?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.


Question: What is the definition of encephalitis?

Answer: Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection; encephalitis is a serious cause of headache.


Question: What is the definition of migraineur?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches.


Question: What is the definition of pseudotumor cerebri?

Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands.


Question: What is the definition of ataxia?

Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.


Question: What is the definition of head trauma?

Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.


Question: What is the definition of electroencephalogram?

Answer: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): a test in which the electrical signals of the brain are recorded; electrical activity detected by electrodes, or sensors, placed on a person's scalp are transmitted to a machine that records the activity.


Question: What are primary headaches?

Answer: Primary headaches: headaches that are not the result of another medical condition; these include migraine, tension, and cluster headaches.


Question: What is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.


Question: What is the definition of otitis?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is the definition of immune system?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is the definition of sinus headaches?

Answer: Sinus headaches: headaches associated with a deep and constant pain in the cheekbones, forehead, or bridge of the nose; the pain often occurs with other symptoms, such as nasal drainage, facial swelling, fever, or feeling of "fullness" in the ears.


Question: What is the definition of aspartame?

Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.


Question: What are Botox injections?

Answer: Botox injections: the botulinum toxin is a toxin produced by bacteria that causes temporary muscle paralysis; itis commonly used for cosmetic reasons, such as treating wrinkles. Botox has been FDA approved to prevent chronic migraine headache in adults. The agency defines chronic headache as having a migraine headache 15 or more days per month with headaches lasting four hours a day or longer. To treat chronic headache, Botox is given about every three months as multiple injections around the head and neck.


Question: What is the definition of electromyograp?

Answer: Electromyograph ( EMG): a test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles to determine the amount of muscle tension; small, flat metal sensors, called electrodes, are attached to the skin (usually on the forehead). The electrodes measure the electrical activity in the muscles directly underneath the electrodes and adjoining muscles. The electrical activity of the muscles will be measured and displayed as numbers or electrical waves on a screen that the person can view.


Question: What is the definition of tyramine?

Answer: Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) Tyramine: a substance found naturally in some foods, formed from the breakdown of protein as foods age; generally, the longer a high-protein food ages, the greater the tyramine content. Many aged cheeses, red wine, other alcoholic beverages, and some processed meats have been reported to be high in tyramine.


Question: What is the definition of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. People taking MAO inhibitors must be careful not to eat foods containing tyramine, as this can cause increased blood pressure.


Question: What is the definition of vasoconstriction?

Answer: Vasoconstriction: a narrowing or closing (constriction) of a blood vessel Vasodilation: a swelling or opening (dilation) of a blood vessel


Question: What is the definition of transformed migraines?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.


Question: What is the definition of lumbar puncture?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. This diagnostic procedure is only done to rule out conditions that may be affecting the brain and spinal cord. This test is used only if the symptoms warrant it. It can cause a headache for a few hours afterward.


Question: What is an ophthalmology evaluation?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What are preventive medications?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What are abortive medications?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc. ; they are most effective when used at the first sign of a migraine to stop the process which causes the headache pain.


Question: What is a bruit?

Answer: Bruit: (pronounced bru-ee) a noise heard by a health care provider through a stethoscope that may indicate the blockage of blood flow through an artery.


Question: What are antiemetics?

Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.


Question: What are rebound headaches?

Answer: Rebound headaches: headache that occurs from over-using medications for headache pain; exceeding label instructions or your doctor's advice can cause you to "rebound" into another headache. This is especially dangerous when the drug contains caffeine, an ingredient included in many medications to speed up the reaction of the other ingredients.


Question: What is caffeine?

Answer: Caffeine: a stimulating ingredient found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola beverages; caffeine is also a common ingredient used in combination medications for relief of headaches.


Question: What is an antidepressant?

Answer: Antidepressant: a type of medication used primarily to treat depression; some of these medications have been useful in treating headaches, even when headaches aren't associated with depression.


Question: What is a barbiturate?

Answer: Barbiturate: a type of medication that causes sedation and relaxation; barbiturates may be found in combination abortive headache medications. If used more than two to three times per week, these medications can be habit-forming.


Question: What is acupuncture?

Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used. Acupuncture stimulates the body's ability to resist or overcome illnesses and conditions by correcting energy imbalances. Acupuncture also prompts the body to produce chemicals that decrease or eliminate painful sensations.


Question: What are decongestant medications?

Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain. However, decongestants should only be used as directed, as they can be habit-forming.


Question: What is the definition of neurology?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What is the definition of common migraine?

Answer: Common migraine: another term for migraine without aura Computed axial tomography ( CAT) scan: a diagnostic test in which X-rays and computers are used to produce an image of a cross-section of the body; a CT scan of the head may be recommended if you are getting daily or almost daily headaches.


Question: What is the definition of analgesic?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is the definition of nitrite?

Answer: Neurologist: a medical specialist with advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles Neurology: the study of the nervous system Neuron: a nerve cell Neurotransmitter: a specialized chemical, produced in nerve cells, that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells Nitrite: a food additive that may trigger headaches in some people; nitrites are commonly found in processed meats, such as bacon, pepperoni, hot dogs, ham, sausage, luncheon meats, and deli-style meats and other cured or processed meats. Some heart medications contain nitrates.


Question: What is the definition of temporomandibular joints?

Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.


Question: What is the definition of caffeine?

Answer: Caffeine: a stimulating ingredient found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola beverages; caffeine is also a common ingredient used in combination medications for relief of headaches.


Question: What is the definition of antiemetics?

Answer: Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches.


Question: What is the definition of symptomatic relief medications?

Answer: Stress: your reaction to any change that requires you to adjust or respond Symptomatic relief medications: drugs used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including the pain of a headache or the nausea and vomiting associated with migraine; these may include simple analgesics, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antiemetics, or sedatives.


Question: What is the definition of abscess?

Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used.


Question: What is the definition of paroxysmal vertigo?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is the definition of chronic?

Answer: CAT scan: see computed axial tomography Chronic: ongoing or occurring over an extended period of time; a chronic headache occurs at least every other day or 15 days per month for at least six months.


Question: What is the definition of ophthalmoplegic migraine?

Answer: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: Pain around the eye, including paralysis in the muscles surrounding the eye; this is an emergency medical condition, as the symptoms can be caused by pressure on the nerves behind the eye. Other symptoms of recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy include a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, or other vision changes.


Question: What is sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities on the face Spinal tap: see Lumbar puncture Status migrainosus: a rare and severe type of migraine that can last 72 hours or longer; the pain and nausea are so intense that people who have this type of headache must be hospitalized.


Question: What is vasodilation?

Answer: Vasoconstriction: a narrowing or closing (constriction) of a blood vessel Vasodilation: a swelling or opening (dilation) of a blood vessel


Question: What is otitis?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is the definition of trigeminal nerve?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.


Question: What is the definition of nervous system?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. It also receives information, much of which is sent to the brain. This information is analyzed and coordinated by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain.


Question: What is the definition of headache?

Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.


Question: What is the definition of preventative medications?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What is the definition of barbiturate?

Answer: Barbiturate: a type of medication that causes sedation and relaxation; barbiturates may be found in combination abortive headache medications. If used more than two to three times per week, these medications can be habit-forming.


Question: What is the definition of Arnold-Chiari deformity?

Answer: Arnold- Chiari deformity: a congenital abnormality in which the back part of the brain (cerebellum) and brain stem protrude down into the spinal canal through the large hole at the base of the skull where the spinal cord passes; it may be associated with many other defects, including a certain form of spina bifida, and can cause headaches.


Question: What is the definition of secondary headaches?

Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.


Question: What is the definition of tension-type headaches?

Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.


Question: What is the definition of tumor?

Answer: Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) Tyramine: a substance found naturally in some foods, formed from the breakdown of protein as foods age; generally, the longer a high-protein food ages, the greater the tyramine content.


Question: What is arnold-chiari deformity?

Answer: Arnold- Chiari deformity: a congenital abnormality in which the back part of the brain (cerebellum) and brain stem protrude down into the spinal canal through the large hole at the base of the skull where the spinal cord passes; it may be associated with many other defects, including a certain form of spina bifida, and can cause headaches.


Question: What is hydrocephalus?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is an abscess?

Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used.


Question: What is abdominal migraine?

Answer: Abdominal migraine: a migraine, more common in children and adolescents, that is associated with cyclic vomiting (symptoms occur about once a month).


Question: What does acute mean?

Answer: Acute: sudden; occurs quickly and generally, without warning Acute headaches: headaches that occur suddenly for the first time with symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time; they are usually due to an illness, infection, cold, or fever.


Question: What is chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS): a condition of incapacitating fatigue; it may be associated with migraines.


Question: What is an analgesic?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is the definition of inflammation?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is the definition of food additives?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. MSG, nitrates, or phenylethalamine are examples of food additives.


Question: What is the definition of sedative?

Answer: Sedative: medication that helps a person rest Seizures: an abnormal movement or behavior caused by unusual electrical activity in the brain Serotonin: a chemical messenger, called a neurotransmitter, which acts on blood vessels and pain control pathways in the brain; some medications which affect serotonin levels are used to prevent headaches.


Question: What is the definition of retinal migraine?

Answer: Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor.


Question: What is the definition of monosodium glutamate?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What is the definition of a migraine trigger?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.


Question: What is the definition of sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities on the face Spinal tap: see Lumbar puncture Status migrainosus: a rare and severe type of migraine that can last 72 hours or longer; the pain and nausea are so intense that people who have this type of headache must be hospitalized.


Question: What is the definition of serotonin?

Answer: Sedative: medication that helps a person rest Seizures: an abnormal movement or behavior caused by unusual electrical activity in the brain Serotonin: a chemical messenger, called a neurotransmitter, which acts on blood vessels and pain control pathways in the brain; some medications which affect serotonin levels are used to prevent headaches. Serotonin is also responsible for controlling mood, attention, sleep, and pain.


Question: What is the definition of mixed headache syndrome?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches.


Question: What is the definition of neuron?

Answer: Neurologist: a medical specialist with advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles Neurology: the study of the nervous system Neuron: a nerve cell Neurotransmitter: a specialized chemical, produced in nerve cells, that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells Nitrite: a food additive that may trigger headaches in some people; nitrites are commonly found in processed meats, such as bacon, pepperoni, hot dogs, ham, sausage, luncheon meats, and deli-style meats and other cured or processed meats.


Question: How can Vitamin C help keep your skin healthy?

Answer: Vitamin CVitamin C, ascorbic acid, is an antioxidant that helps tissue grow and repair itself.


Question: How can Vitamin E help keep your skin healthy?

Answer: Vitamin EVitamin E helps the body regulate retinol levels, which is essential for healthy skin.


Question: How can Coenzyme Q10 help keep your skin healthy?

Answer: Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10, also known as Co Q10, acts as an antioxidant, which helps protect cells from damage.


Question: What vitamins help your skin?

Answer: Supplements for Skin and Beauty Certain vitamins and antioxidants may improve the health and quality of your skin. Vitamins C and E, and selenium are antioxidants that may help protect skin from sun damage.


Question: What supplements may help keep your skin healthy?

Answer: Supplements for Skin and Beauty Certain vitamins and antioxidants may improve the health and quality of your skin. Vitamins C and E, and selenium are antioxidants that may help protect skin from sun damage. Vitamin A Vitamin A, also known as retinol, is key for cell growth, and often used as a topical antiaging treatment. Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10, also known as Co Q10, acts as an antioxidant, which helps protect cells from damage. Vitamin CVitamin C, ascorbic acid, is an antioxidant that helps tissue grow and repair itself. Vitamin EVitamin E helps the body regulate retinol levels, which is essential for healthy skin. Selenium Selenium is a mineral that may help protect the skin against sun damage and wrinkles.


Question: How can selenium help keep your skin healthy?

Answer: Selenium Selenium is a mineral that may help protect the skin against sun damage and wrinkles.


Question: How can heart disease be prevented in a person with diabetes?

Answer: The best way to prevent heart disease is to take good care of yourself and your diabetes. Keep your blood sugar as normal as possible. Control your blood pressure, with medication if necessary. The target for people with diabetes is under 130/80. Get your cholesterol numbers under control. You may need to take medication to do this. Lose weight if you are obese. Ask your doctor if you should take an aspirin a day. Exercise regularly. Eat a heart-healthy diet such as the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet. Quit smoking. Work to reduce daily stress.


Question: What are some symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: The symptoms of a heart attack include: Shortness of breath. Feeling faint. Feeling dizzy. Excessive and unexplained sweating. Pain in the shoulders, jaw, and left arm. Chest pain or pressure (especially during activity). Nausea. Remember not everyone has pain and these other classic symptoms with a heart attack. This is especially true for women. * If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should call your doctor, call 911, or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.


Question: How can I reduce risk factors for heart disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: Another medical study showed that people with diabetes, no matter the number of other heart disease risk factors, were as likely to have a heart attack as someone without diabetes who has already had a heart attack.


Question: How likely are you to die from heart disease?

Answer: The more health risks factors a person has for heart disease, the higher the chances that they will develop heart disease and even die from it. Just like anyone else, people with diabetes have an increased risk of dying from heart disease if they have more health risk factors. However, the probability of dying from heart disease is 2 to 4 times higher in a person with diabetes. So, while a person with one health risk factor, such as high blood pressure, may have a certain chance of dying from heart disease, a person with diabetes has double or even quadruple the risk of dying. For example, one medical study found that people with diabetes who had no other health risk factors for heart disease were 5 times more likely to die of heart disease than those without. Another medical study showed that people with diabetes, no matter the number of other heart disease risk factors, were as likely to have a heart attack as someone without diabetes who has already had a heart attack.


Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: Pain in the shoulders, jaw, and left arm.


Question: How can you prevent heart disease if you have diabetes?

Answer: The best way to prevent heart disease is to take good care of yourself and your diabetes. Keep your blood sugar as normal as possible. Control your blood pressure, with medication if necessary. The target for people with diabetes is under 130/80. Get your cholesterol numbers under control. You may need to take medication to do this. Lose weight if you are obese. Ask your doctor if you should take an aspirin a day. Exercise regularly. Eat a heart-healthy diet such as the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet. Quit smoking. Work to reduce daily stress.


Question: What are the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease?

Answer: Loss of fat under the skin of the lower parts of the legs.


Question: What is recommended if you have diabetes and are at risk for heart disease and peripheral vascular disease?

Answer: Peripheral vascular disease is treated by: Participation in a regular walking program (45 minutes per day, followed by rest) Special footwear Aiming for an A1c below 7% Lowering your blood pressure to less than 130/80 Getting your cholesterol to below 100 Aspirin therapy* Medicines Stopping smoking Surgery (in some cases) * Low-dose aspirin therapy is recommended for men and women with types 1 or 2 diabetes who are over age 40 and areat high risk for heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Talk to your doctor to determine if aspirin therapy is right for you. If you have certain medical conditions, aspirin therapy may not be recommended.


Question: What happens when people with diabetes are at risk for heart failure?

Answer: Not only are people with diabetes at higher risk for heart disease, they're also at higher risk for heart failure, a serious medical condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood adequately. This can lead to fluid build-up in the lungs that causes difficulty breathing, or fluid retention in other parts of the body (especially the legs) that causes swelling.


Question: How is heart disease treated if you have diabetes?

Answer: There are several treatment options for heart disease in those with diabetes, depending on the severity of the heart disease, including: Aspirin therapy* to reduce the risks of clots that lead to heart attacks and strokes.


Question: How is peripheral vascular disease treated relative to heart disease and diabetes?

Answer: Peripheral vascular disease is treated by: Participation in a regular walking program (45 minutes per day, followed by rest) Special footwear Aiming for an A1c below 7% Lowering your blood pressure to less than 130/80 Getting your cholesterol to below 100 Aspirin therapy* Medicines Stopping smoking Surgery (in some cases) * Low-dose aspirin therapy is recommended for men and women with types 1 or 2 diabetes who are over age 40 and areat high risk for heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Talk to your doctor to determine if aspirin therapy is right for you. If you have certain medical conditions, aspirin therapy may not be recommended.


Question: Why do teens misbehave?

Answer: Sulking, arguing, lying, and rebelling are just a few of the ways teens misbehave. There's a good explanation for these bad behaviors. As teens become more independent, they still lack the emotional maturity they need to make informed, thoughtful decisions. The parts of the brain that control decision making and impulse control haven't fully developed. The combination of autonomy and immaturity can lead to risky teen behaviors, like drinking, smoking, and having unprotected sex.


Question: What is the goal of disciplining your children?

Answer: You want your children to do the right things, but disciplining teens isn't easy. When they talk back, you can't just put them in a time-out like you did when they were toddlers. Effective parenting of teens requires smarter, stronger discipline strategies. The goal of discipline is to gain more control over your kids -- without being too controlling.


Question: How do you put things in writing to help discipline children?

Answer: So that there can be no misunderstandings, create a formal list of house rules, or type up a behavior contract that you and your teen sign. Post the list or contract on the fridge or in another central location where your kids won't be able to miss it. Examples of clear rules include: " Curfew is 8 p.m. on weekdays, 10 p.m. on weekends, and no going out until homework is finished." Spell out the consequences, too: " Anyone who breaks one of these rules loses television for a day." If your kids do fall out of line, all you have to do is point to the list.


Question: How do you be firm and consistent when disciplining children?

Answer: Teens are master negotiators and manipulators. They're adept at spotting any sign of parental weakness. When you waffle and give in to their pleas for leniency, they are going to expect the same response every time they misbehave or break a rule. Being consistent about teen discipline also means that both parents need to be on the same page. If one parent always says "yes" and the other always says "no," your teen is going to know exactly which parent to ask. While you're being firm, don't forget to also be fair and understanding. A little empathy goes a long way when disciplining teens.


Question: Should I talk to my partner about sex if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you're open about your RA and how it makes you feel, it can help you and your partner have a more satisfying sex life. If you're nervous about talking about how your symptoms affect the way you want to be intimate, write your partner a letter. Share what feels good and what hurts. If you make the first move on good days, your partner will be more understanding on the days you don't feel 100%.


Question: Should I try different positions or props if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Get creative to avoid putting stress your painful joints. Let go of your traditional sexual position if it hurts. Also, try props like pillows or cushions to support your hips, shoulders, neck, or back. Or add a vibrator for stimulation during foreplay. Many women have vaginal dryness as they get older. It's also a problem if you have Sjogren's syndrome, a condition often seen with RA. If you have that, try vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, or vaginal estrogen creams.


Question: What should you look for in the ingredients of cough medicine?

Answer: Don't just grab a bottle of anything that says "cough" on it. Check the label. Is it a suppressant or an expectorant? Is it both? Make sure you're getting what you need.


Question: Do I need to read the label on cough medicine?

Answer: After you choose the right medicine for you, read the label carefully, so you understand how to take it, common side effects, and any warnings you need to be aware of.


Question: How long should you be using cough medicine?

Answer: Don't use medicine for more than 7 days. If you do, you could be covering up a more serious problem. See your doctor if your cough is severe or if it doesn't get better after a week.


Question: How many types of cough medicines are there?

Answer: As a glance at the drugstore shelves will show you, there are many, many brands of OTC cough medicines. But there are only three basic types: Expectorants help thin mucus, making it easier to cough up.


Question: What kind of cough medicine thins mucus?

Answer: But there are only three basic types: Expectorants help thin mucus, making it easier to cough up. The ingredient guaifenesin is the only expectorant in the U. S., so look for it on the label if you need an expectorant.


Question: What kind of cough medicines contain both expectorants and suppressants?

Answer: Combination cough products have more than one active ingredient. They have both guaifenesin and dextromethorphan. Cough medicines may also contain ingredients to help coat and soothe the throat. Combination products may have medicines to ease other symptoms, that may include decongestants for stuffy nose, antihistamines for allergies or a runny nose, or painkillers. Choose a medicine that matches your symptoms. Cough drops can also help relieve a cough and may ease a sore throat.


Question: Can kids use cough medicine?

Answer: Make sure to choose the right medicine based on your child's age. Don't give cough and cold medicine to children under age 4. For kids 4 to 6, ask your doctor first. And always make sure to follow the dosing directions on the label.


Question: What should I do if I have diabetes and go over my carbohydrate budget for the day?

Answer: Account for any food swaps in your carbohydrate budget for the day. Adjust your medications if you add sugars to your meals. If you take insulin, tweak your dose to account for the added carbs so you can keep your blood sugar under control as much as possible. Check your glucose after eating sugary foods. Read food labels so you know how much sugar or carbs are in the things you eat and drink. Also, check how many calories and how much fat are in each serving.


Question: How much can you eat to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day.


Question: Can I have artificial sweeteners if I have diabetes?

Answer: Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control.


Question: Which sweeteners can raise glucose levels in people with diabetes and which won't?

Answer: Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories.


Question: What does the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet for diabetes consist of?

Answer: On the TLC diet, you will: Limit fat to 25%-35% of your total daily calories. Get no more than 7% of your daily calories from saturated fat, 10% or less from polyunsaturated fats, and up to 20% from monounsaturated fats (like plant oils or nuts). Keep carbs to 50%-60% of your daily calories. Aim for 20-30 grams of fiber each day. Allow 15%-20% of your daily calories for protein. Cap cholesterol at 200 milligrams per day. You'll also need to get more exercise and keep up with your medical treatment.


Question: How much should I eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day.


Question: How can other sweeteners help to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control. Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories.


Question: Can certain foods help with managing blood sugar?

Answer: The Basics of a Healthy Diabetes Diet If you have diabetes, the right foods can be an ally in your fight to keep your blood sugar levels in check. Talk to your doctor, a registered dietitian, or a diabetes educator about how to keep track of how many carbs you eat. That can affect your blood sugar. They may recommend that you use the glycemic index. It ranks how different foods raise your blood sugar. The higher the index, the more it raises your levels.


Question: What is the goal of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes plan for diabetes?

Answer: The goal is to lower your cholesterol level, drop extra weight, and get more active. That helps prevent heart disease, which is more common when you have diabetes.


Question: Can you have sugar to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Most now say small amounts of the sweet stuff are fine, as long as they're part of an overall healthy meal plan. Table sugar doesn't raise your blood sugar any more than starches. Remember, though, that sugar is a carb. So when you eat sweet foods like cookies, cake, or candy, don't eat another carb or starch (for example, potatoes) that you would've eaten that day. In other words, substitute, don't add. Ultimately, the total grams matter more than the source of the sugar.


Question: Does sinus surgery help people with cystic fibrosis?

Answer: These might include: Sinus surgery: Many people with CF have inflamed or infected sinuses. Your doctor may need to remove nasal polyps (growths inside your nasal passages). She can also do a procedure called an âendoscopy and lavageâ that suctions mucus from your airways. This will make it easier for you to breathe.


Question: What are the recommended treatments for an enlarged prostate?

Answer: The AUA recommends the following treatment for an enlarged prostate based on the severity of symptoms: Mild symptoms that don't bother you ( AUA score 0 to 7): If you are not bothered by your symptoms, and they don't affect your daily life, watchful waiting is the best option for you. You should get regular checkups to make sure that you are not developing complications. Moderate to severe symptoms ( AUA score of 8 or more): If you are not bothered by your symptoms, you may choose watchful waiting. However, if your symptoms do start to interfere, you may choose medication, a minimally invasive procedure, or surgery. Moderate to severe symptoms ( AUA score of 8 or more) with complications: If symptoms are bothersome and you have developed complications such as inability to urinate, you may need a catheter, surgery, or other treatment.


Question: What are side effects in treating enlarged prostate?

Answer: Side effects of treatments: Some BPH treatments cause erection problems, although that risk is low. Men who have normal erections before surgery will not likely have trouble afterward. Some treatments cause retrograde ejaculation (the man ejaculates into the bladder instead of through the urethra). Fertility can also be affected, but is still possible with newer assisted reproductive techniques.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about enlarged prostate?

Answer: If your enlarged prostate symptoms are mild and not bothersome, there's likely no need for treatment. One-third of men with mild BPH find that their symptoms clear up without treatment. They may just watch and wait. However, when enlarged prostate symptoms are bothersome or are affecting your quality of life or overall health, it's time to talk to your doctor about the treatment options. Together you will determine if you would benefit most from medication, a minimally invasive procedure, or surgery. It's important to talk with a doctor when you begin noticing changes in urinary function. You need to find out what's going on so you can be treated for enlarged prostate if necessary. For many men, especially those who are young when the prostate starts growing, getting early treatment can head off complications later on.


Question: What foods can affect your lower esophageal sphincter (LES) leading to heartburn?

Answer: Certain foods can relax your LES or increase stomach acid, including: Tomatoes Citrus fruits Garlic and onions Chocolate Coffee or caffeinated products Alcohol Peppermint Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) often lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can raise how much acid your stomach makes and can cause heartburn.


Question: What are some non-obvious symptoms of cholesterol problems?

Answer: A high level of cholesterol in the blood doesn't have obvious symptoms, but it can increase your risk for conditions that do have symptoms, including angina (chest pain caused by heart disease), high blood pressure, stroke, and other circulatory ailments.


Question: What are kinase inhibitors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer: These drugs block a type of protein called a kinase, which in some cases is linked to cancer. The medicines include ibrutinib ( Imbruvica), acalabrutinib ( Calquence), idelalisib ( Zydelig), and copanlisib ( Aliqopa).


Question: What drugs does CHOP for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include?

Answer: A common course of chemotherapy for non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma is called CHOP. It includes a combo of four drugs: Cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan) Hydroxydaunorubicin Vincristine ( Oncovin) Prednisone Also, many other drugs are effective when used or combined.


Question: What is immunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer: You'll take drugs that boost your immune system's activity or are man-made versions of your immune system, called monoclonal antibodies. Most of the time, you'll take these medicines through an IV injection.


Question: How do you take chemo for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer: Sometimes doctors inject the medicine into your vein, and sometimes you take it in a pill form. Chemo can also be combined with other treatments, including radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Most chemotherapy for lymphoma, whether you take one drug or a few at once, can be done in a clinic, so you won't have to stay overnight in a hospital. You might need a short hospital stay if your treatment plan calls for frequent infusions of drugs into your blood.


Question: What happens when my surgical cut gets infected?

Answer: They're rare, but they do happen. If you're going to get an infection, it's usually in the first month after your surgery. Your wound could be infected if you have: Fever Delay in your healing Pus, redness, and pain getting worse Tenderness, warmth, and swelling near your wound Most of the time, infections in the area of your wound can be treated with antibiotics.


Question: How is paronychia treated at home?

Answer: For paronychia, a skin rash around the nails, avoiding moisture can be helpful. Oral itraconazole ( Sporanox) or fluconazole ( Diflucan) can also be helpful and can be prescribed by a doctor. Topical antifungal and topical corticosteroids are also used.


Question: Can candidal (yeast) infections be treated at home?

Answer: PerlÃ¨che is treated with topical antiyeast or antifungal agents, and often with a mild corticosteroid cream. Limit lip licking of the corners of the mouth.


Question: How can you get more potassium from your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: These potassium-packed foods will help you meet your daily quota: 1 cup canned kidney beans: 607 milligrams 2 cups raw spinach: 839 mg Medium sweet potato, cooked: 694 mg 1 cup Greek yogurt: 240 mg 1 cup orange juice: 496 mg 1 cup cooked broccoli: 457 mg 1 cup cantaloupe: 431 mg 1 medium banana: 422 mg Why It's Good for You: If there's a chance you'll become pregnant or are pregnant, this is particularly important.


Question: What animal sources of iron can you add to your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Animal sources of iron include: 3 ounces cooked beef: 3 milligrams 3 ounces cooked dark-meat turkey: 2 mg 3 ounces cooked light-meat turkey: 1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken thigh: 1.1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken breast: 0.9 mg 1 large hardboiled egg: 0.9 mg Plant-based iron sources include: 1 cup fortified instant oatmeal: 10 milligrams 1 cup cooked soybeans: 8 mg 1 cup boiled kidney beans: 4 mg 1 cup edamame, cooked from frozen: 3.5 mg Spinach, raisins, and beans are also good sources of iron.


Question: How much vitamin D do you need?

Answer: How Much You Need: Current recommendations call for adults ages 19-70 to get 600 international units of vitamin D per day, and 800 IU per day starting at age 71.


Question: What plant-based sources of iron can you add to your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Animal sources of iron include: 3 ounces cooked beef: 3 milligrams 3 ounces cooked dark-meat turkey: 2 mg 3 ounces cooked light-meat turkey: 1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken thigh: 1.1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken breast: 0.9 mg 1 large hardboiled egg: 0.9 mg Plant-based iron sources include: 1 cup fortified instant oatmeal: 10 milligrams 1 cup cooked soybeans: 8 mg 1 cup boiled kidney beans: 4 mg 1 cup edamame, cooked from frozen: 3.5 mg Spinach, raisins, and beans are also good sources of iron.


Question: How much potassium do you need in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men and women age 19 and older need 4,700 milligrams of potassium every day. If you have high blood pressure, check with your doctor or pharmacist about the medications you take to control it. Some drugs, including certain diuretics, make you lose potassium, so you need to compensate for the loss.


Question: How much fiber do you need in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men ages 19 to 50: 38 grams; ages 51 years and older: 30 grams Women ages 19 to 50: 25 grams; ages 51 years and older: 21 grams How to Get More of It: Include fruits and vegetables and high-fiber whole grains at every meal and beans several times a week.


Question: How can you get more vitamin D from food?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Natural sources of vitamin D include fish and egg yolk. Vitamin D-fortified foods include milk, yogurt, some orange juice products, and some breakfast cereals. You may need a mixture of both food and supplements to get the vitamin D your body requires.


Question: How can you get more vitamin A in your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Make your diet colorful. Top picks include: Carrots Sweet potatoes Pumpkin Spinach Cantaloupe Sweet red pepper Broccoli Tomato Why It's Good for You: Potassium is present in every cell of your body.


Question: Why is folic acid good for you?

Answer: How to Get More of It: These potassium-packed foods will help you meet your daily quota: 1 cup canned kidney beans: 607 milligrams 2 cups raw spinach: 839 mg Medium sweet potato, cooked: 694 mg 1 cup Greek yogurt: 240 mg 1 cup orange juice: 496 mg 1 cup cooked broccoli: 457 mg 1 cup cantaloupe: 431 mg 1 medium banana: 422 mg Why It's Good for You: If there's a chance you'll become pregnant or are pregnant, this is particularly important. Folic acid is the synthetic form of the B vitamin folate. Once you conceive, folic acid and folate, the natural form, help protect your baby against neural tube defects (and possibly cleft lip or palate) during the first 30 days.


Question: How can you get more fiber in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men ages 19 to 50: 38 grams; ages 51 years and older: 30 grams Women ages 19 to 50: 25 grams; ages 51 years and older: 21 grams How to Get More of It: Include fruits and vegetables and high-fiber whole grains at every meal and beans several times a week. Snack on whole-grain crackers, fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds (including natural-style nut butters) or popcorn (a whole grain) instead of cookies, candy, or chips. Choose whole-grain breads and cereals, whole wheat pasta, and other whole grains, such as quinoa, millet, barley, cracked wheat, and wild rice. Look for breads with more than 3 grams of fiber per slice. Go for cereals with 5 or more grams of dietary fiber per serving. Start a meal with a bean soup, such as lentil or black bean. Add canned, rinsed chickpeas, kidney beans or black beans to salads, soups, eggs, and pasta dishes.