Question: What problems are associated with costochondritis in adults?

Answer: Chest pain in adults is considered a potentially serious sign of a heart problem by most doctors until proven otherwise. Chest pain in adults usually leads to a battery of tests to rule out heart attack and heart disease. If those tests are normal and your physical exam is consistent with costochondritis, your doctor will diagnose costochondritis as the cause of your chest pain. It is important, however, for adults with chest pain to be examined and tested for heart disease before being diagnosed with costochondritis. It is often difficult to distinguish between the two without further testing. The condition affects females more than males (70% versus 30%). Costochondritis may also occur as the result of an infection or as a complication of surgery on your sternum. Occasionally, costochondritis as a result of bacterial infections can occur in people who use IV drugs or who have had surgery to their upper chest.


Question: What is the follow-up treatment for costochondritis?

Answer: Your doctor will refer you to a surgeon for consultation should this option be considered necessary. Infectious costochondritis responds well to IV antibiotics and surgical repair, but recovery may take a long time.


Question: What should you know about costochondritis?

Answer: Costochondritis is a relatively harmless condition and usually goes away without treatment. The cause is usually unknown, but may happen from increased activity involving the arms. Tietze syndrome is accompanied by a localized swelling at the painful area (the junction of the ribs and breastbone). The diagnosis can only be reached after excluding more serious causes of chest pain that are related to the heart and lungs.


Question: When is surgery needed for costochondritis?

Answer: There is no specific test for diagnosing costochondritis. Your doctor will refer you to a surgeon for consultation should this option be considered necessary.


Question: How is endometriosis treated?

Answer: First, your doctor can surgically remove the endometrial tissue. Your doctor may consider pairing IUI with something called âcontrolled ovarian hyperstimulationâ -- using medicine to help your ovaries produce more eggs. In vitro fertilization ( IVF) is also another option. It can increase your chances of conceiving, although the statistics on IVF pregnancies vary.


Question: Can I get pregnant if I have endometriosis?

Answer: Can you get pregnant? Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, and it's the leading cause of infertility. It affects about 5 million women in the United States, many in their 30s and 40s. Nearly 2 of every 5 women who can't get pregnant have it. It's a painful condition in which tissue that should be growing inside the uterus grows on the outside. The good news is that there are treatment options, but each has different rates of success.


Question: What do you need to know about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: So you're at risk when body fluids from someone who's infected could get into and mix with yours. Since then, all blood in the United States and Western Europe gets tested for HIV.


Question: How successful are dental implants?

Answer: But, today, dental implants are available. With proper care (see below), implants can last a lifetime.


Question: How do toilet substitutes help male incontinence?

Answer: But if you're having a problem with male incontinence, these products can really help. These are plastic containers that a man can urinate into. They may be particularly helpful if you have urge incontinence, which makes it tough to get to the bathroom fast enough. You can keep one by the bed and another in the car in case you get stuck somewhere without a bathroom.


Question: How does an external catheter help male incontinence?

Answer: External catheters. The urine is sent through a tube into a drainage bag. Some men only use these devices at night. To prevent leaks, it's very important to get the right fit and to follow the instructions from the manufacturer.


Question: What should someone do if they see a family member or friend suffer from an insulin overdose?

Answer: You'll need to know where you're starting from. They may need to inject you with something called glucagon. It's an insulin antidote. If you're prone to low blood sugar, ask your doctor if you should have glucagon on hand at home. If you're alert enough to follow instructions, they should give you sweet juice to drink. If your symptoms don't steadily improve during the next hour, they should call 911.


Question: Which is more harmful between a high sugar level or a low sugar level?

Answer: One high level won't hurt you, but a very low level can. It'll make it much easier for you to stay on track.


Question: What are some signs of low blood sugar?

Answer: Your doctor may call it hypoglycemia. It often happens when you take too much insulin. Hypoglycemia happens to many people with diabetes. It can be serious. Thankfully, most insulin problems can be avoided if you follow a few simple rules. If you have low blood sugar because of an insulin overdose, you may have: Anxiety Confusion Extreme hunger Fatigue Irritability Sweating or clammy skin Trembling hands If your blood sugar levels continue to fall, you could have seizures or pass out.


Question: How fast does squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) grow?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. Unlike other types of skin cancer, it can spread to the tissues, bones, and nearby lymph nodes, where it may become hard to treat. When caught early, it's easy to treat.


Question: How is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnosed?

Answer: He will ask about your medical history, your history of severe sunburns or indoor tanning, any pain or symptoms you're having, and when the spot first appeared. You'll have a physical exam to check the size, shape, color, and texture of the spot. The dermatologist will also look for other spots on your body and feel your lymph nodes to make sure they aren't bigger or harder than normal. If your doctor thinks a bump looks questionable, he'll remove a sample of the spot (a skin biopsy) to send to a lab for testing. If you've been diagnosed with skin cancer, you're more likely to get it again -- so visit your doctor for regular skin checks.


Question: How is squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed?

Answer: He will ask about your medical history, your history of severe sunburns or indoor tanning, any pain or symptoms you're having, and when the spot first appeared. You'll have a physical exam to check the size, shape, color, and texture of the spot. The dermatologist will also look for other spots on your body and feel your lymph nodes to make sure they aren't bigger or harder than normal. If your doctor thinks a bump looks questionable, he'll remove a sample of the spot (a skin biopsy) to send to a lab for testing. If you've been diagnosed with skin cancer, you're more likely to get it again -- so visit your doctor for regular skin checks.


Question: How can pregnancy cause iron deficiency anemia?

Answer: You get iron deficiency anemia when your body is low in iron. It can happen if you don't eat enough foods containing iron, your body can't properly absorb iron, you lose iron through your blood, or you're pregnant.


Question: What are the symptoms of ameloblastomas?

Answer: The tumors usually grow slowly over many months or even years. For a while, the only symptom may be swelling in the back of your jaw. You also might have tooth or jaw pain. An injury to your jaw or an infection in your mouth also might raise your risk. This is called a biopsy, and it can confirm it's an ameloblastoma and help determine how fast it's growing.


Question: What happens after my surgery for ameloblastomas?

Answer: To make sure the tumor cells don't grow back, your doctor will take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. After surgery, you'll have a CT scan to make sure the tumor is gone.


Question: What happens if ameloblastoma is left untreated?

Answer: To make sure the tumor cells don't grow back, your doctor will take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. If a tumor does come back, it's more likely to become cancer.


Question: How can you get D-mannose naturally from foods?

Answer: D-mannose is a simple sugar found in many fruits. Such fruits include: Apples Oranges Peaches Some berries such as blueberries and cranberries D-mannose appears to be generally well tolerated in people.


Question: Why do people take D-mannose?

Answer: Other names for D-mannose are: Carubinose D-manosa Mannose Seminose D-mannose is used to treat a rare disease called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b. Preliminary clinical trails in Europe show that D-mannose may also treat or prevent urinary tract infections ( UTIs).


Question: What is D-mannose?

Answer: D-mannose is found naturally in high amounts in many fruits. It may make it harder to control your blood sugar.


Question: Can certain drugs or medications cause shaky hands?

Answer: Sometimes a tremor is your body's response to something: Drugs : The most common culprits are medications that block a brain chemical called dopamine. It moves information from one part of your brain to another. These drugs are used to keep your mood even. The tremors will go away when you stop taking the drugs. If you're getting so little that your hands shake, your doctor will give you a shot.


Question: How severe is essential tremor nerve disorder (ET) and can anything be done about it?

Answer: Although Essential Tremor can happen at any age, it's more likely in people over 40. At some point, eating, drinking, writing, and all the other daily tasks you do with your hands can become a bigger challenge. This condition can be hard to treat. Surgery is an option, as is a treatment called deep brain stimulation, in which doctors implant a device in your brain to help control the tremors. If shaky hands are a problem for you, ask your doctor if this might help. Stress: From financial and job worries to relationship problems and health concerns, stress worsens tremors.


Question: What is the most common reason for shaky hands?

Answer: Essential Tremor is the most common tremor disorder. It usually starts in your hands, but it can move to your arms, head, voice, or other body parts. ET is different because it affects your hands when they're already moving. As you live with the disease, the tremor may spread from one side of your body to the other.


Question: What causes essential tremor nerve disorder (ET)?

Answer: It could result from a gene (your doctor may call this a mutation). That means if one of your parents has a tremor, you're more likely to get one, too. Toxins in the environment cause some cases. Although Essential Tremor can happen at any age, it's more likely in people over 40.


Question: What types of devices can help if you have arthritis?

Answer: Some joint protection techniques include: Using proper body mechanics for getting in and out of a car, chair or tub, as well as for lifting objects. Your therapist can show you catalogs that have a wide variety of assistive devices.


Question: How can I do resistance exercises for my neck pain?

Answer: Resistance Exercises: Standing or sitting, put your left hand on the side of your head above your ear. Gently press your head against your hand while holding your head straight. Do the same thing with your right hand. Core exercises can help with your neck pain.


Question: When is aspirin not safe for use in children?

Answer: And the FDA and drugmakers say that over-the-counter cough and cold medicines should not be given to children under age 4. Some doctors say that people with asthma should avoid aspirin because they get short of breath. If it's one that's not safe to take with your medical condition, look for another.


Question: What does over-the-counter (OTC) medicine mean?

Answer: Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs can lower your fever and ease muscle aches. Some people find that one medicine works better for them than another. Many OTC cold medicines have either acetaminophen or ibuprofen in them. Many symptoms of these two illnesses are similar. NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen, may also cause stomach upset.


Question: Do I need to go to a doctor if I am achy while sick?

Answer: When you feel like you're coming down with a cold, you don't need a crystal ball to figure out what's next. Maybe a headache, sore throat, or a runny nose. Achy muscles can be a problem, too. Want some relief?


Question: How do over-the-counter (OTC) pain medicines work?

Answer: Some good choices for pain relief are acetaminophen or NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Acetaminophen affects the areas of your brain that receive "pain messages."


Question: What should you do if you think drainage has stopped in your K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: If, at any time, you think pouch drainage has stopped, do these four things: Irrigate the catheter. Pinch the catheter between your finger and thumb and check to see if a fluid or air column is moving up and down. Wiggle the catheter in and out about an inch. If you still think pouch drainage has stopped, remove the catheter in case food particles or debris has blocked it. Flush the catheter with cool tap water, then reinsert it. Irrigate the catheter. While you hold the syringe bulb down with your thumb, pinch the catheter and separate the bulb syringe from the catheter.


Question: How can you prepare to clean the catheter and your skin in a K-pouch (continent ileostomy)?

Answer: First, gather these supplies: Washcloths or paper towels Soap that isn't oily Plastic bag or newspaper Dressing Irrigation supplies: tap water, bulb syringe, and basin Wash your hands with soap and warm water, and dry them with a clean towel. Cleanse the skin around it and the stoma.


Question: How does  laparoscopy help diagnose endometriosis?

Answer: To find out, your doctor may suggest a laparoscopy. In this procedure, a surgeon inserts a small camera through a tube into your abdomen to check for abnormal endometrial tissue. Make sure your doctor knows that you are trying to conceive if you're being treated for endometriosis.


Question: How does surgery help endomeriosis?

Answer: In some women, surgery significantly improves their chances of getting pregnant. You should know, however, that pregnancy rates tend to be lower for women with severe endometriosis. If you have problems with your fallopian tubes, your doctor may recommend surgery to correct the damage or unblock the tubes.


Question: How can you ease discomfort from fibrocystic breast changes?

Answer: Fibrocystic breast changes aren't harmful. Take a diuretic, a drug that helps drain fluid from your body. Keep it on at night if needed.


Question: How are fibrocystic breast changes diagnosed?

Answer: When you touch your breasts, do you notice that they feel lumpy or rope-like? Aside from a difference in the way your breast tissue feels, you might notice that: Changes are similar in both breasts Dark brown or green discharge leaks from your nipples Lumps change size during your menstrual cycle Pain or discomfort increases before your period Yes. She might be able to evaluate your breasts from the shape, density, and other signs from the images. This means getting a sample of your breast tissue. It's usually done in an office or clinic with a needle. Some women need surgery. The biopsy will show if a lump is a cyst or solid. It'll tell your doctor if the growth is cancerous.


Question: What is combination therapy for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Even if you change your lifestyle and take your medicine as directed, your blood sugar may still get worse over time. That doesn't mean you've done something wrong. Diabetes is progressive, and many people eventually need more than one drug. When you take more than one drug to control your type 2 diabetes, that's called combination therapy. Most people with type 2 start with non-insulin ones. They are: Metformin, which works in your liver Thiazolidinediones (or glitazones), which improve sugar removal from your blood Secretagogues, which help your pancreas make more insulin Starch blockers, which slow down how your body absorbs sugar from food Incretin-based therapies, which help your liver make less sugar and also slow how you absorb food.


Question: Who should I ask about my medicine for my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If you're on just one medicine, it's probably metformin, a pill or liquid that cuts down how much glucose your liver makes. You'll need to see your doctor more often when you start taking a new combination of drugs.


Question: Which combination of medicine do I need to control my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If you're on just one medicine, it's probably metformin, a pill or liquid that cuts down how much glucose your liver makes. When you take more than one drug to control your type 2 diabetes, that's called combination therapy. Usually, you'll keep taking metformin and add something else. What that is may depend on your situation. You'll need to see your doctor more often when you start taking a new combination of drugs. Your doctor will decide what kind works best for you.


Question: Why do I need more medicine for my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Diabetes is progressive, and many people eventually need more than one drug. When you take more than one drug to control your type 2 diabetes, that's called combination therapy. If one medicine isn't enough to control your type 2 diabetes, you and your doctor should work together to find the best mix for you.


Question: How do I treat a minor cut or scrape?

Answer: Follow these steps to keep cuts clean and prevent infections and scars. Put pressure on the cut with a gauze pad or clean cloth. Keep the pressure on for a few minutes. Clean the wound. Once you've stopped the bleeding, rinse the cut under cool running water or use a saline wound wash. Clean the area around the wound with soap and a wet washcloth. Don't get soap in the cut, because it can irritate the skin. And don't use hydrogen peroxide or iodine, which could irritate the cut. Remove any dirt or debris. Use a pair of tweezers cleaned with alcohol to gently pick out any dirt, gravel, glass, or other material in the cut. You can't stop the bleeding with direct pressure. Don't have either on hand? You could damage the skin and cause an infection.


Question: How do I remove a splinter?

Answer: How do I remove a splinter? If the splinter is sticking out of the skin: Wash the skin around the splinter with soap and water. Clean a pair of tweezers with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Grab the end of the splinter with the tweezers. Pull it out at the same angle as the splinter went in. Clean the skin again with soap and water. If the splinter is under the skin: Wash the skin around the splinter with soap and water. Clean a needle and tweezers with alcohol. Gently scrape away the skin above the splinter with the needle until you can see the top of the splinter. Grab the end of the splinter with the tweezers and pull it out at the same angle it went in. Clean the skin again with soap and water.


Question: How do I treat a sunburn?

Answer: First, wash up with soap and water so you don't get bacteria into the cut and cause an infection. Use a baking soda paste or hydrocortisone cream 4 times a day to relieve itching. Apply an antiseptic spray, antibiotic ointment, or aloe vera cream to soothe the area. Soothe your burned skin with a cool, damp washcloth. Or take a cool shower or bath. Pat your skin dry afterward. Do not use lotions that contain petroleum, benzocaine, or lidocaine. If the sunburn is really sore, take acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen to relieve the pain. Give your sunburn time to heal. Cover your burned skin with clothing and a hat to protect it when you go outside. See a doctor if you have blisters on the sunburn, or you get a fever or chills. Don't pop the blisters. They could get infected. To get as much of the oil off as possible, clean your skin with soap and lukewarm water.


Question: What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Answer: But for a small percentage, infection with RSV can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening problems such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the small airways of the lungs. There's no vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. Most babies and young children can be cared for at home: Remove sticky nasal fluids with a bulb syringe and saline drops.


Question: What are steps to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children?

Answer: For most babies and young children, the infection causes nothing more than a cold. Tests for RSV include: Blood and urine tests to look for a bacterial infection and make sure your child isn't dehydrated Chest X-rays to look for any signs of pneumonia Tests of material scraped out of your child's nose or mouth Steps you can take to try to avoid and prevent RSV include: Avoid kissing your baby if you have cold symptoms. Clean and disinfect hard surfaces. If possible, keep your baby away from anyone, including siblings, with cold symptoms. Keep your baby away from crowds. Ask people to wash their hands before they touch your baby.


Question: What is a stroke?

Answer: Cells there don't get enough oxygen and start to die. It's also known as a "mini stroke" because blood flow to your brain is cut off only for a short time.


Question: When should you call 911 if you think you're having a stroke?

Answer: Early treatment can limit the damage to your brain and possibly save your life. It's possible to have a stroke while you're having a migraine, but that doesn't mean the migraine caused the stroke.


Question: When should I call 911 for a stroke?

Answer: Early treatment can limit the damage to your brain and possibly save your life. It's possible to have a stroke while you're having a migraine, but that doesn't mean the migraine caused the stroke.


Question: Is it possible to have a stroke while having a migraine?

Answer: A migraine with aura is the kind that can be confused with a stroke. If you're young, it's more likely to be a migraine.


Question: What should I know about syphilis?

Answer: What symptoms you have depends on which stage of the disease you're in. But the stages can overlap, and symptoms don't always develop in the same order. You could even be infected with this sexually transmitted disease ( STD) and not have any signs of it for years. The stages of syphilis are called âprimary,â âsecondary,â âlatent,â and âtertiary (late).â This article deals with the symptoms typical of each stage. You might not even know you have it.


Question: What are the symptoms of primary syphilis?

Answer: You might notice that the lymph nodes near your groin are enlarged. Typically, the first visible sign of syphilis is a small, painless sore (doctors call it a âchancreâ) on the skin (you may develop several sores). It normally appears at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. The sore won't hurt, and it may be hidden inside your rectum or vagina. You might not even know you have it. The sore will heal on its own in about 3 to 6 weeks. It means you're about to enter the second stage of syphilis. It can appear 10 to 30 years after the initial infection.


Question: How can I tell if my cat is purring because of relief and healing?

Answer: Even though purring takes energy, many cats purr when they get hurt or are in pain. It might simply be a way for a cat to soothe itself, like a child sucks their thumb to feel better. The low frequency of purrs causes a series of related vibrations within their body that can: Heal bones and wounds Build muscle and repair tendons Ease breathing Lessen pain and swelling This might explain why cats are able to survive falls from high places and tend to have fewer complications after surgeries than dogs.


Question: What should you do if you're getting menopausal migraines?

Answer: You can also try medicines to relieve your headaches. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you. Once estrogen production stops and periods end, you may get a reprieve from your migraine pain. Sometimes, though, menopause doesn't spell the end of migraines.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about menopause migraines?

Answer: You can also try medicines to relieve your headaches. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you.


Question: Is there a link between female hormones and migraine headaches?

Answer: That's one of the reasons why women are three times more likely to get migraines than men. For many women, menopause brings a welcome end to these headaches. But the hormonal changes leading up to menopause can sometimes make things worse before they get better. And some women find that the hormones make their headaches worse.


Question: How can selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) help with depression?

Answer: Newer Antidepressants. This class of antidepressants include citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro ), fluoxetine ( Prozac ), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft). They include upset stomach, sleep problems, sexual problems, headache, anxiety, and dizziness, and weakness.


Question: What do you need to know about medications for depression?

Answer: But these drugs don't cure depression in the way that antibiotics cure infections. Instead, they can help ease the symptoms. You will probably need to continue medication even after you feel better. This helps reduce the risk of relapse. Depression can sometimes be like other chronic illnesses, like diabetes or heart disease, that need ongoing treatment. However, they are still the right choice for some people with depression -- especially if newer antidepressants don't help.


Question: Is there a test for genital herpes?

Answer: The blood test looks for antibodies to the virus that your immune system would have made when you were infected. HSV-2 almost always infects the genitals, so if antibodies to HSV-2 are detected in the blood, you probably have genital herpes. A blood test that shows antibodies to HSV-1 means you could have genital or oral herpes. That's because oral herpes, typically caused by HSV-1, can be spread to the genitals during oral sex. Studies are under way to investigate medicated gel products that can be placed in the vagina to reduce the transmission of herpes and HIV.


Question: What is the anatomy of a penis?

Answer: The head or glans is at the end of the shaft. The opening at the tip of the head, where urine and semen come out, is called the meatus. They have a maze of blood vessels, tissue, and open pockets. The urethra, the tube that urine and semen flow through, runs along the underside of them, in the spongy tissue of the corpus spongiosum. Two main arteries (one in each of the corpora cavernosa) and several veins move blood in and out. Nerves relay messages to and from other parts of your body. Once blood is in the penis, pressure traps it within the corpora cavernosa.


Question: Which liver tumors are benign?

Answer: These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. They will not be discussed in this article.)


Question: What are fractures?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Fractures are common; the average person has two during a lifetime. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. For example: A greenstick fracture in which the bone is bent, but not broken all the way through A buckle fracture results from compression of two bones driven into each other.


Question: What should you do if you miss your period and forgot to take a birth control pill?

Answer: If you miss more than 2 birth control pills, call your doctor for instructions. Many women do not have a period on low-dose birth control pills even if they don't miss any pills. This is normal, so don't be concerned -- but do take the test to be sure.


Question: What should you do if you missed more than two birth control pills?

Answer: You may need to take one pill daily until Sunday and then start a new pack. Or you might need to throw out the rest of the pill pack and start over with a new pack that same day. If you miss your period and have forgotten to take one or more pills, get a pregnancy test.


Question: How should you watch for mold as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. Outside, it thrives in soil and plant debris, which doesn't really pose a health problem. Inside, mold is a hazard, lurking in damp places like basements, the kitchen sink, and anywhere you have leaks or standing water. Your best defense is to get rid of as much moisture as possible from your home. Clean up any mold you can see, use exhaust fans when you're in the shower, and run a dehumidifier or air conditioner. A drier house will also cut down on roaches and mites.


Question: How should you watch for pollen as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: But the fur and feathers aren't the problem. ( Climate change also means that pollen seasons can last longer than they used to.) Thunderstorms can also cause plants to release their pollen. Keep an eye on local weather forecasts and pollen counts, and have your child stay indoors on days when the counts are high.


Question: How should you watch for smells as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: It's both an indoor and outdoor trigger for allergic asthma. This includes cleaning agents with chlorine, scented candles, incense, hairspray, air fresheners, deodorants and perfumes, paint, and pesticides. Look for fragrance-free personal care products. If you need to use paint or pesticides, make sure your child is not nearby.


Question: How long do bones take to heal after an ankle break?

Answer: It's important to rest the ankle to prevent further damage and keep weight off of it. Elevating the injured ankle to at least the level of your heart will reduce swelling and pain. Ligaments and tendons can take longer to heal after a fracture is fully mended. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months. After the doctor has determined it is safe for you to start moving your ankle, you may need physical therapy to provide gait training, balance, strengthening, and mobility exercises. The therapist will develop a home program that you can use to regain your previous normal function. It can take several months to return to a normal walking pattern without limping.


Question: How do you treat tendon injuries?

Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. They include: Immobilization using a cast or splint Oral or injected anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain Physical therapy for range of motion, strength, and balance A brace to provide support during activities Surgery to repair the tendon or tendons and sometimes to repair the supporting structures of the foot The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases recommends the following steps for reducing your risk of an ankle injury: Avoid exercising or playing sports when you are tired or in pain.


Question: What are symptoms of tendinosis?

Answer: Symptoms include: Sporadic pain on the outside of the ankle Weakness or instability in the ankle An increase in the height of the foot's arch With the subluxation you will notice ankle instability or weakness. You also may notice sporadic pain behind the outside ankle bone and a "snapping" feeling around the ankle bone. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months.


Question: Who is most likely to get ankle injuries?

Answer: However, men between 15 and 24 years old have higher rates of ankle sprain, compared to women older than age 30 who have higher rates than men. Half of all ankle sprains occur during an athletic activity. Every day in the U. S., 25,000 people sprain their ankle. And more than 1 million people visit emergency rooms each year because of ankle injuries. The most common ankle injuries are sprains and fractures, which involve ligaments and bones in the ankle. But you can also tear or strain a tendon. The doctor may order an ankle X-ray to determine whether there are any broken bones.


Question: Are fractures treated surgically or nonsurgically?

Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. Typically the doctor will do this by putting on a brace that works as a splint or by putting on a cast. If the ankle is unstable, the fracture will be treated surgically. Often, the ankle is made stable by using a metal plate and screws to hold the bones in place. Following the surgery, the ankle is protected with a splint until the swelling goes down and then with a cast.


Question: How do you treat mild ankle sprains?

Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. With a mild sprain, you won't need a splint or a cast. Your doctor will tell you to put weight on the ankle fairly soon -- within one to three days -- as long as you can tolerate it and will prescribe range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises.


Question: How do gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.


Question: What is abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: If it's so heavy or unpredictable that it keeps you from doing some activities or makes you miss work or school, you may have a medical condition that should be treated. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do.


Question: Can an IUD stop abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding is called menorrhagia. After menopause, women who take hormone replacement therapy may still have periods.


Question: Will you need a spinal tap for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They'll ask how you're feeling and help you figure out if your symptoms mean you have MS or another problem. Doctors use it to look for high levels of proteins and other substances that are signs of the disease. It can help diagnose MS, but it, too, isn't absolute proof.


Question: What should I do after a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can be a challenge for doctors to diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS). If you've been waiting years or months, the news might be a relief. Either way, you'll have concerns about what the disease means for your life and your family. That's completely understandable. Talk with others -- your friends, your doctor, a support group, or a counselor -- about your feelings. Your health care team can help you decide the best ways to treat your disease and live with it day to day. MS affects everyone differently, so what works for one person with the condition may not be what's best for you.


Question: What tests will my doctor perform to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor will need to: Find damage to at least two areas of your central nervous system (your brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves) Prove the damage happened at different points in time Rule out any other diagnosis The doctor will start by asking you about your medical history and your symptoms. They'll also do a few tests to see if your brain and spinal cord are working as they should. Spinal taps: This test, which you may also hear called lumbar puncture, checks the fluid that runs through your spinal column.


Question: What happens after multiple sclerosis has been diagnosed?

Answer: It can be a challenge for doctors to diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS). If you've been waiting years or months, the news might be a relief. Either way, you'll have concerns about what the disease means for your life and your family. That's completely understandable. Talk with others -- your friends, your doctor, a support group, or a counselor -- about your feelings. Your health care team can help you decide the best ways to treat your disease and live with it day to day. MS affects everyone differently, so what works for one person with the condition may not be what's best for you.


Question: Is precision medicine based on genetics?

Answer: Or a drug may work against only part of a tumor, which lets the remaining part continue to grow. These could include: The perfect diet for you -- and only you Tests to find the bacteria in your digestive system Blood samples to count your immune cells Real-time tracking of your blood sugar levels, heartbeat, or blood pressure Anything that can give doctors a better sense of you as an individual has the potential to help them figure out how to make you healthier.


Question: Why is precision medicine needed?

Answer: Picture this: You get detailed tests that can gauge how your arthritis or cancer differs from someone else's. Then you get a treatment that's tailored to you, rather than to anyone else. To test all this out, researchers are turning to something called âbasket trials.â The âbasketâ is based on the genetics of your cancer, not where it is in your body. The treatment they receive is based on the genetics of their tumor.


Question: What is precision medicine?

Answer: Picture this: You get detailed tests that can gauge how your arthritis or cancer differs from someone else's. These could include: The perfect diet for you -- and only you Tests to find the bacteria in your digestive system Blood samples to count your immune cells Real-time tracking of your blood sugar levels, heartbeat, or blood pressure Anything that can give doctors a better sense of you as an individual has the potential to help them figure out how to make you healthier.


Question: What is a stress test used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: Your heart releases it when heart failure develops. It helps your doctor find clogged heart arteries.


Question: Is it OK to do things besides sleep in your bedroom when you have insomnia?

Answer: If you suffer from insomnia, do not balance the checkbook, study, or make phone calls, for example, while in bed or even in the bedroom, and avoid watching television or listening to the radio. All these activities can increase alertness and make it difficult to fall asleep. Your bed should feel comfortable and if you have a pet that sleeps in the room with you, consider having the pet sleep somewhere else if it tends to make noise in the night.


Question: What can help you sleep when you have insomnia?

Answer: Wake up at the same time each day. Eliminate alcohol and stimulants like nicotine and caffeine. Limit naps. Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and duration. The bed is for sleeping and having sex and that's it. Do not eat or drink right before going to bed. Make your sleeping environment comfortable. Get all your worrying over with before you go to bed. Consider participating in cognitive therapy.


Question: What is a parfait recipe I can make to help treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: High- Fiber Berry Parfait Makes one parfait Ingredients cup strawberry or berry yogurt (low-fat or light depending on preference) cup sliced strawberries cup Raisin Bran cereal Garnish parfait with: a small dollop of light whipping cream or light Cool Whip and a whole strawberry or fan a few slices of strawberries on top (optional) Directions 1. In 2-cup measure, blend yogurt with sliced strawberries. Spoon half of the mixture into parfait glass. Sprinkle half of the Raisin Bran over the yogurt mixture. Top that with the rest of the yogurt mixture and sprinkle the remaining Raisin Bran over the top with a dollop of light whipped cream and a strawberry if desired. Enjoy immediately. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 230 calories, 9 grams protein, 50 grams carbohydrate, 2 grams fat (.9 grams saturated fat), 5 milligrams cholesterol, 5.5 grams fiber, 255 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 8%


Question: How can I make a Cruciferous Au Gratin for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Directions Add beans to small microwave-safe bowl and heat on HIGH for two minutes to warm and soften. Cruciferous Au Gratin Makes six side servings Ingredients 4 cups cauliflower florets ( Reserve about 2 cups of the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems) 4 cups broccoli florets 2 tablespoons chopped shallots 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 cup golden mushroom canned soup (vegetable or chicken broth can be substituted) 1 cup fat-free half and half (low-fat or whole milk can be substituted) 1 to 1 1/2 teaspoons horseradish (to taste) Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste cup grated Gruyere cheese (reduced-fat Swiss or Jarlsberg Lite can be substituted) Directions Add cauliflower and broccoli florets to large microwave-safe dish with 1/4 cup of water. Cover dish and microwave on HIGH until just tender (about four-six minutes). Meanwhile, start heating a medium-sized nonstick frying pan over medium heat. Coat the pan with canola cooking spray. Add the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems, shallots, and garlic, and gently saute until soft (do not brown). Add the golden mushroom soup or vegetable or chicken broth and cook until the stock is almost evaporated. Transfer the mixture to a food processor or blender along with the fat-free half-and-half and pulse until fairly smooth. Add the horseradish and season with salt and pepper to taste. Coat a 9-inch pie plate with canola cooking spray. Add the cauliflower and broccoli florets to the dish and pour the half-and-half mixture over the top. Gently toss to blend. Sprinkle the cheese over the top. Bake at 350 degrees for about 15 minutes until golden brown. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 115 calories, 10 grams protein, 12.7 grams carbohydrate, 3.5 grams fat (1.9 grams saturated fat), 11 milligrams cholesterol, 3.5 grams fiber, 240 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 26%.


Question: How can I make a high-fiber berry parfait for someone with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Directions Add beans to small microwave-safe bowl and heat on HIGH for two minutes to warm and soften. In 2-cup measure, blend yogurt with sliced strawberries. Spoon half of the mixture into parfait glass. Sprinkle half of the Raisin Bran over the yogurt mixture. Top that with the rest of the yogurt mixture and sprinkle the remaining Raisin Bran over the top with a dollop of light whipped cream and a strawberry if desired. Enjoy immediately. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 230 calories, 9 grams protein, 50 grams carbohydrate, 2 grams fat (.9 grams saturated fat), 5 milligrams cholesterol, 5.5 grams fiber, 255 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 8%


Question: What is a durable power of attorney for health care?

Answer: Designating someone to have your power of attorney for health care does not mean you give up any power to make your own decisions. This person should have a copy of your advance directives, and should know your specific wishes regarding the kinds of lifesaving measures you do and do not want.


Question: What does an online vision test require?

Answer: You'll need a computer and some space to sit back so you can take the part of the test that checks your distance vision. Some tests also need you to have a smartphone so you can use an app. If you have prescription eyeglasses or contacts, chances are you'll need to wear them for the test. The bottom line: Before you take an online vision test, make sure you understand what it can and can't tell you.


Question: Can the flu cause severe health problems?

Answer: And it doesn't always happen, but there's a chance that it could lead to more serious health problems, or "complications," like sinusitis (sinus infections), bronchitis, or pneumonia. But if you know what the symptoms are and how to take precautions, you can avoid these problems and stay healthy. Even healthy people may feel tired or weak for a month or more after their lungs clear up.


Question: What are the symptoms of a bacterial infection with the flu?

Answer: Adults over 65 Children ages 6 months to 4 years Nursing home residents Adults and children with heart or lung disease People with compromised immune systems (including people with HIV/ AIDS) Pregnant women It can happen when the flu virus enters your lung or when you get a bacterial infection during the course of the illness. Then they get worse with high fevers, more coughing, and a greenish tinge to what you're coughing up. Call your doctor if you have a cough that won't stop, a bad fever, or if you get shortness of breath or chest pains.


Question: How is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency treated?

Answer: Although there's no cure for AAT deficiency, you can raise the amount of AAT protein in your blood, which protects you against more lung damage. Doctors call this augmentation therapy. You may also have this treatment if you get emphysema. Augmentation therapy is also called replacement therapy. You get a new supply of AAT protein that comes from the blood of healthy human donors. The goal of augmentation therapy is to slow or stop the damage in your lungs. It won't reverse the disease or heal any damage you already have.


Question: How does my doctor diagnose alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Your doctor will also listen to your breathing with a stethoscope to check for wheezing or other signs that your lungs aren't working right. They also look to see how much of the protein you have in your bloodstream. Your doctor will also tests your lungs and liver to see how much damage the condition has caused.


Question: What causes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency runs in families. If you have it, you got it from faulty genes that both your parents passed down to you. The broken genes you get from your parents cause you to have a low level of AAT protein in your blood. It can build up in the liver instead of going into your bloodstream. That buildup in your liver causes liver disease. The shortage of AAT protein in your bloodstream leads to lung disease.


Question: What might my doctor ask to see if I have alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: You may feel short of breath, especially when you try to exercise. Have you been getting a lot of colds or lung infections? Have you lost weight lately? Have you noticed any yellowing of your skin or eyes?


Question: What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disease, which means it's passed down to you from your parents. It can cause serious lung or liver disease. There's no cure, but treatments can help you manage your liver and breathing problems.


Question: What is mild intermittent asthma?

Answer: Symptoms occur less than twice a week, and nighttime symptoms occur less than two times per month. Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. These medications need to be taken daily, and may need to be taken for several weeks before they begin to control asthma.


Question: How can anti-inflammatories treat asthma?

Answer: There are two main types of asthma medications: Anti-inflammatories: This is the most important type of medication for most people with asthma. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as inhaled steroids, reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. If taken every day, they are helpful in controlling or preventing asthma flares.


Question: What is moderate persistent asthma?

Answer: These categories are: mild intermittent; mild persistent; moderate persistent; and severe persistent. Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. Nocturnal symptoms greater than five times per month. Asthma symptoms affect activity, occur more than two times per week, and may last for days.


Question: What is mild persistent asthma?

Answer: Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. Symptoms occur three to six times per week. Nighttime symptoms occur three to four times a month.


Question: How is vulvovaginitis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Treatment of pain during intercourse depends on the cause. Pain at initial penetration may be treated when the cause is identified. The doctor may talk to the woman about proper hygiene.


Question: What are sleeping tips for a baby?

Answer: Holding your baby upright in your arms, in a swing, or in a car seat for about 30 minutes after feeding may help. To encourage night sleep, change or feed your baby at night with low lights on and don't play with your baby right before bed. This way, your baby knows it's time to sleep, not play. To help your baby go to sleep on her own, put your baby down when she's drowsy, not overly tired. This is also a great time to start talking to your baby. She'll be fascinated by your voice and will likely respond with coos and smiles! And enjoy every moment -- your baby will change quickly!


Question: Is surgery an option to treat my lung cancer?

Answer: It's usually the best way to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. Your doctor can remove the part of the lung that has the tumor and the tissue around it. Or you may need to have your entire lung removed. You might also need radiation or chemotherapy after surgery. If you have non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery, this treatment may be an option.


Question: What is combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It could also slow or stop joint damage caused by RA. When you first find out you have the condition, you probably start taking one drug, usually methotrexate. If that doesn't give you enough relief, your doctor would add another drug. If your RA is more severe, your doctor may prescribe more than one medication right away. They can help you move better.


Question: When should babies start eating solid foods?

Answer: Most pediatricians, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend introducing solid foods to babies when they are between ages 4 and 6 months. If your baby is around this age, can sit up well with support, and shows interest in the foods he sees you eating, it's probably a good time to venture into feeding your baby solid food. If your baby is exclusively breastfed, it is recommended that you wait until he is 6 months to start solids.


Question: When do babies start using a spoon to feed themselves?

Answer: Try giving him a soft-tipped spoon to hold while you feed him with another. He can get used to holding the spoon himself and will also be distracted from grabbing yours. Most babies do not become really skilled at it until they are well past their first birthday.


Question: Are sweet treats off-limits if you have diabetes?

Answer: FALSE Sweet treats -- like candies, pies, cakes -- were once off-limits for people with diabetes. Not anymore. In fact, research has shown that starches like potatoes and white bread affect blood glucose levels much like sugar -- causing sometimes dangerous spikes in blood sugar. If you're at a wedding, for instance, you can have a small slice of cake -- very small.


Question: Is it okay to have sweets if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you're at a wedding, for instance, you can have a small slice of cake -- very small. Just substitute it for another starchy carb you might eat, like a small potato or a piece of bread. Others have carbohydrates that are absorbed into the blood more slowly than table sugar, so they don't pose a threat to your blood sugar levels. TRUE Within limits, alcohol is OK.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: But there are exceptions. You shouldn't drink if your blood sugar levels aren't under control or if you have nerve damage from diabetes. How? If you have kidney problems, the American Diabetes Association suggests you get just 15% to 20% of your calories from protein.


Question: What desserts can I have if I have a sweet tooth and have diabetes?

Answer: Many artificial sweeteners have no carbs or calories, so you don't need to count them in your meal plan. Others have carbohydrates that are absorbed into the blood more slowly than table sugar, so they don't pose a threat to your blood sugar levels. You shouldn't drink if your blood sugar levels aren't under control or if you have nerve damage from diabetes.


Question: What should you do if an insect bite or sting causes a severe reaction?

Answer: If you develop one, call your doctor. If your reaction is severe, he may also prescribe antivenom.


Question: How can potassium help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: If it is high, you can take steps to lower it. Eating foods rich in potassium will help protect some people from developing high blood pressure. You probably can get enough potassium from your diet, so a supplement isn't necessary (and could be dangerous without a doctor's oversight). Many fruits, vegetables, dairy foods, and fish are good sources of potassium.


Question: What are the uses of aloe vera?

Answer: Studies have shown that aloe gel might be effective in treating psoriasis, seborrhea, dandruff, and minor burns and skin abrasions, as well as radiation-induced skin injuries. Aloe gel also seems helpful in treating the sores caused by genital herpes in men. There's also strong evidence that aloe juice, which contains latex, taken by mouth is a powerful laxative. Aloe vera gel taken orally (by mouth) seems to help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It may also help to lower cholesterol.


Question: What foods should you avoid or limit in order to not gain too much weight during pregnancy?

Answer: Your starting weight can give you a good idea of how many pounds you should gain during your pregnancy. If you have gained more weight than your doctor recommended, talk to your doctor about it. In most cases, you'll want to wait until after delivery to lose weight. Also, choose low-fat or fat-free cheese or yogurt. Limit sweet or sugary drinks. Choose water, club soda, or mineral water to skip extra calories. Fats include cooking oils, margarine, butter, gravy, sauces, mayonnaise, regular salad dressings, sauces, lard, sour cream, and cream cheese.


Question: Where does the extra weight go during pregnancy?

Answer: And overweight women may need to gain only 15 to 25 pounds during pregnancy. Baby: 8 pounds Placenta: 2-3 pounds Amniotic fluid: 2-3 pounds Breast tissue: 2-3 pounds Blood supply: 4 pounds Stored fat for delivery and breastfeeding: 5-9 pounds Larger uterus: 2-5 pounds Total: 25-35 pounds If a woman is very overweight when she gets pregnant, her doctor may want her to lose weight.


Question: Is cobra venom effective in treating multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Unfortunately, the answer is no. While you can find stories of people who say that cobra venom helps ease MS symptoms, you won't find scientific evidence to support it. In 2012, researchers in the UK began recruiting people with MS for a study to see if hookworms could alter the course of MS. Watch for results in the next several years.


Question: Is hypnosis an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This extra oxygen may help your body heal. While you can find stories of people who say that cobra venom helps ease MS symptoms, you won't find scientific evidence to support it. You may find hypnotherapy calming, but what affect it has on MS symptoms isn't clear. Larger studies are needed to find out whether the relief is actually a placebo effect.


Question: Are bee stings and bee pollen effective treatments for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Ancient Greek and Egyptian medical writing tells of bees used as medicine (apitherapy). Melittin, found in bee venom, supposedly brings down inflammation related to MS. But one study shows that it doesn't. What's more, bee sting therapy could be dangerous if you have a life-threatening reaction to bee venom. Skip bee pollen, too. Although it's rich with nutrients, it hasn't been shown to help MS symptoms. Bees don't stand up to 21st-century studies.


Question: How can WW (Weight Watchers) help you?

Answer: There's a coaching option if you prefer one-on-one consultations by phone, email, and text. Or you can go to in-person group meetings where you'll weigh in. A Consumer Reports survey found that people who went to meetings were more satisfied with the program and lost more weight than people who used only the online tools. You'll tweak your eating and lifestyle patterns -- many of which you may have had for years -- and you'll create new ones. How much effort it takes depends on how much you'll have to change your habits. You get credit for all of your activity. Check the WW website for the pricing for the online-only and online-with meetings options (you'll need to enter your ZIP code).


Question: How can WW (Weight Watchers) affect certain conditions?

Answer: But healthier, lower-calorie foods cost fewer points. Is It Good for Certain Conditions? If you choose any premade meals, check the labels, as some may be high in sodium. Work with your doctor so they can check your progress, too. This is especially important for people with diabetes, as you may need to adjust your medicine as you lose weight.


Question: Can grown men have acne?

Answer: But there are treatments, even for severe acne decades after you finished high school. Men whose fathers had severe acne are more likely to have it, too.


Question: What can men do to cut down on acne break-outs on the face?

Answer: Many cleansers are available. In general, avoid products with beads in them, because they can irritate your skin. Wash twice a day. Use a fresh washcloth that's gentle on your skin. When you shave, use a clean razor every time. You might want to use an over-the-counter product with benzoyl peroxide, retinol, or salicylic acid. Your doctor can prescribe an antibiotic foam that you can mix with your shaving cream to help prevent breakouts. If shaving bumps are a problem for you, try an electric razor, and don't shave too closely. At your appointment, your dermatologist will check your skin and recommend a treatment plan.


Question: When should I seek emergency treatment for a scratched eye?

Answer: Seek emergency care if: There is pain, change in vision, or increased sensitivity to light after a scratch or trauma to the eyeball. There is a foreign object lodged in the eye or eyelid or under the eyelid. Something hit the eye at high speed or with high force. If you see a health care provider: The health care provider will examine the eye for damage, remove any particles, and check the vision.


Question: How can I fix my child's low blood sugar if they have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Foods To Avoid There are no specific foods that are off-limits to your child, but there are things to consider when meal planning and grocery shopping. Limit sugary foods like candy, cookies, frosting, or soda that raise blood sugar quickly. Talk to your diabetes team about adjusting his meal plan or his doses of insulin or other medication. Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can cause serious problems that need treatment right away.


Question: What is elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: The procedure is similar to hip and knee replacements. The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it.


Question: What happens during elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it.


Question: How long does elbow replacement surgery take?

Answer: You'll get anesthesia, so you won't be âawakeâ for it. You'll need to stay in the hospital for up to 4 days. Elbow replacement usually reduces pain and helps your elbow work better.


Question: What exams and tests are done to determine a broken hand?

Answer: A broken hand will often require a visit to a doctor, and it may require months of rehabilitation care. The history of how the hand was injured will help the doctor determine the most likely fracture. For example, if the hand was injured by punching, the most likely fracture is that of the fifth metacarpal.


Question: How common is a broken hand?

Answer: Because we are so dependent on our hands, even a small loss of function can result in a lifelong disability. A broken hand will often require a visit to a doctor, and it may require months of rehabilitation care. Carpals are the 8 bones in the wrist.


Question: When do I need to see a doctor if something is stuck in my nose?

Answer: The object poses immediate danger. You're not comfortable removing a sharp object, such as a nose ring or stud or broken glass. The person has a bloody nose that can't be stopped. Bad smelling fluid draining out of the nose. If you seek medical help to remove the object: The health care provider will use suction or another method to remove it.


Question: How can losing weight help you with sleep apnea?

Answer: But you can also do things at home to improve your symptoms. About half of people with the condition have most of their breathing problems when they sleep on their backs.


Question: What causes hammertoes?

Answer: If the tendons in the toe become rigid, they press the joint out of alignment. Risk factors for hammertoes include: Flat feet Genes: You may have inherited a tendency to develop hammertoes because your feet are somewhat unstable -- they may be flat or have a high arch. Arthritis Injury to the toe: Ill-fitting shoes are the main culprits. If shoes are too tight, too short, or too pointy, they push the toes out of balance.


Question: How much do braces cost on average?

Answer: The appliance is attached to the braces from the back of the head and can be removed. But you should expect to pay between $2,000 and $8,000. Most orthodontists provide different payment plans and will allow you to make payments over the course of treatment without charging interest. Some may take insurance. Ask your orthodontist about all treatment fees and payment plans they offer before treatment begins.


Question: What foods are off-limits for kids who wear braces?

Answer: Retainers: Retainers are used to keep teeth in place once braces are removed. Breaking part of the appliance can result in the teeth moving in the wrong direction and in longer treatment. Anything that is hard, sticky, or chewy should not be eaten, including: Ice Nuts Popcorn Hard candy Chewing gum Chewy candy, like caramel Gummies The length of treatment varies.


Question: When can a dentist provide orthodontic treatment instead of an orthodontist?

Answer: However, if more extensive orthodontic work is needed, it may be best to see an orthodontist. An orthodontist has two to three years of advanced orthodontic education and training beyond dental school. He or she specializes in straightening teeth, correcting misaligned bites, and jaw problems. Dentists: Some general dentists provide orthodontic treatment and may be able to take care of your orthodontic needs at a reduced rate since they are not orthodontists.


Question: What should I do about my child's crooked teeth?

Answer: She may recommend seeing an orthodontist. If your child has a latex allergy, tell your dentist so that non-latex gloves can be used.


Question: What are factors to consider when choosing orthodontic treatment?

Answer: The treatment plan will depend on individual needs. Your dentist or orthodontist can help you make the right decision for you and your child.


Question: What are the causes of shoulder SLAP tears?

Answer: There are three ways to tear your labrum: Overuse. Anyone who uses their shoulder to make the same motion over and over can tear their labrum. Injury. When you slip, it's normal to stretch out your arm to break the fall. The impact on the extended arm can cause a labrum SLAP tear. Day in and day out, your labrum does a lot of work. If you're 40 or older, it's a common issue. Depending on your age and the extent of your tear, it could take 2 months for your labrum to heal and another 2 months to build up the same strength you felt before the tear.


Question: What does SLAP mean in SLAP tear?

Answer: There are different kinds of labrum tears. A labrum SLAP tear happens in a specific area. In a labrum SLAP tear, SLAP stands for superior labrum anterior and posterior. This means your labrum is torn at the top in both the front (anterior) and back (posterior) of where it attaches to the biceps tendon.


Question: What are tips to avoid multiple sclerosis (MS) flare-ups?

Answer: With relapsing-remitting MS, flare-ups can bring new symptoms or make ones you already have worse. Stop and you'll lower your chances of them.


Question: How can smoking cause multiple sclerosis (MS) flare-ups?

Answer: Skipping your MS medicine can increase your risk for a flare-up. Stop and you'll lower your chances of them. Your doctor can help you figure out a game plan.


Question: What causes multiple sclerosis (MS) flare-ups?

Answer: Preparation for them can help lower your chance of getting one. With relapsing-remitting MS, flare-ups can bring new symptoms or make ones you already have worse. They come on suddenly over 24 hours and get better slowly over weeks or months. They may never totally go away. These happen because part of your central nervous system gets inflamed. The inflammation slows or disrupts nerve signals. That brings things like numbness, pain, and dizziness. What triggers a flare-up is different from person to person. Most of the time, a cause cannot be found. Still, to lower your chance of a flare-up, do your best to avoid the things that make them more likely for you. They cause a third of MS flare-ups.


Question: What causes flare-ups with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

Answer: With relapsing-remitting MS, flare-ups can bring new symptoms or make ones you already have worse. They come on suddenly over 24 hours and get better slowly over weeks or months. They may never totally go away. These happen because part of your central nervous system gets inflamed. The inflammation slows or disrupts nerve signals. That brings things like numbness, pain, and dizziness. They cause a third of MS flare-ups.


Question: What will the doctor ask before doing any tests to diagnose tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)?

Answer: Your doctor will talk with you before doing any testing, asking questions such as: What did you notice that brought you here today? When did it start? Have you had seizures? If so, what happens? How long do they last? How often? How often do you have headaches? How bad are they? Does anyone else in your family have seizures or epilepsy? Does anyone in your family have TSC? Talk with your family and friends about the condition.


Question: What is the cure for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)?

Answer: Some people with lung problems from TSC take the drug sirolimus, which works on your immune system. Many have active, productive, independent lives.


Question: How is tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in your kidneys treated?

Answer: When do I need to go to the emergency room? At some point, you may also need dialysis or a kidney transplant. If you have tumors in your brain, sometimes drugs can shrink them, or surgeons can remove them.


Question: How can tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) affect your lungs?

Answer: They can also cause bleeding inside your body or high blood pressure. They can also cause a cough or make your lung collapse.


Question: What do you need to know about tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)?

Answer: This means you get tumors in lots of places in your body. They aren't cancer, but they can cause problems where they're growing. There are treatments available that can shrink the tumors and make you more comfortable. When you have TSC, all of that can change throughout your life.


Question: How does a psychiatrist diagnose Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: He has expertise in mental health conditions and can prescribe medicine to treat them. The doctor will ask questions about your child's behavior, including: What symptoms does he have, and when did you first notice them? When did your child first learn to speak, and how does he communicate? Is he focused on any subjects or activities? Does he have friends, and how does he interact with others? Then he'll observe your child in different situations to see firsthand how he communicates and behaves.


Question: How are shingles or chickenpox diagnosed?

Answer: The varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox stays inside your body for many years. You might have a test done if you: Are about to have an organ transplant Have a weakened immune system Are going to begin a drug that lowers your immune system Doctors use two types of tests to diagnose chickenpox or shingles: Antibody: When you're exposed to varicella zoster, your immune system makes proteins to fight it. Your doctor can look for these proteins, called antibodies, in a sample of your blood. Your doctor can collect samples from scabs from blisters that have crusted over. Your doctor should have the results in 1 to 3 days. You might need to have a second test if the results aren't clear. Your symptoms and test results will show whether you have shingles. Once you've been diagnosed, you can start on treatment to help you feel better.


Question: What are shingles?

Answer: The varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox stays inside your body for many years. Once you're older, that same virus can wake up and cause shingles, also called herpes zoster. A blistering rash on one side of your body can be a sign you have it. See your doctor to find out for sure. Once you've been diagnosed, you can get treated to help relieve your rash and other symptoms. A shingles rash: Appears on one side of your body and/or face Stings, burns, and/or itches Starts as red bumps that form into blisters Other conditions also cause rashes that look like shingles.


Question: What do I need to know about strontium for osteoporosis?

Answer: If you want to take a strontium supplement, ask your doctor first. Doctors aren't sure exactly how it works, but it seems to help the body make more bone and keep the bone you have from breaking down.


Question: What is a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer: An abscess is a collection of pus that forms near an area of infected skin or other soft tissue. The abscess can cause pain, swelling, and, if severe, blockage of the throat. If the throat is blocked, swallowing, speaking, and even breathing become difficult. These conditions may include the following: Epiglottitis, an inflammation of the epiglottis (the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe) Retropharyngeal abscess, a pocket of pus that forms behind the soft tissue in the back of the throat (like a peritonsillar abscess but in a different location) Peritonsillar cellulitis, an infection of the soft tissue itself (a peritonsillar abscess forms beneath the surface of the tissue) Your doctor may test you for mononucleosis, a virus.


Question: What should I expect after starting treatment for my child's headache?

Answer: Take your child to a doctor right away if any of these symptoms occur with a headache: Loss of vision Vomiting Muscle weakness Any symptoms that cause your child to awaken during the night In young children headaches located in the back of the head Your child's doctor will examine her and ask questions about the headaches, including the type of pain, how often they happen, and if anything makes them better or worse. Once you learn what your child's headache triggers are, you can help her avoid them. If your child's symptoms get worse or happen more often even with treatment, ask the doctor to refer you to a headache specialist.


Question: What over-the-counter medications can treat headaches in children?

Answer: You and your child will need to be as specific as possible. If your child's headaches aren't happening with any other symptoms, you may wish to try some home remedies or over-the-counter pain relievers first to ease the pain. Don't give it to her more than 2 days in a week; it could lead to rebound headaches.


Question: Are natural headache remedies used to treat headaches in children?

Answer: If your child's headaches aren't happening with any other symptoms, you may wish to try some home remedies or over-the-counter pain relievers first to ease the pain. A single dose of over-the-counter acetaminophen or ibuprofen may ease the pain of both tension and migraine headaches. They include: Vitamin B2.


Question: How does an ophthalmologist diagnose angle closure glaucoma?

Answer: If you think you have acute angle closure glaucoma, you'll need to see an ophthalmologist right away -- it's an emergency. She'll examine you and ask about your symptoms. Tonometry: This test uses a tool to measure the pressure inside your eye. Ophthalmoscopy: Your doctor checks for damage to your optic nerve with a small lighted device. Your doctor can keep tabs on pressure levels and how well fluid drains.


Question: What is acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer: It stops fluid from flowing through them, kind of like a piece of paper sliding over a sink drain. The pressure that builds up can damage your optic nerve. If you don't treat the problem quickly enough, you could lose your sight completely. Even if your acute angle closure glaucoma is in only one eye, your doctor will probably treat both eyes, just to be safe.


Question: How can genes play a role in getting lung cancer?

Answer: Sometimes changes to the DNA of your lung cells, known as "mutations," can lead to cancer. Or you may naturally have less of an ability to clear away chemicals from your body that can cause the disease.


Question: What are some things that can bring on lung cancer for non-smokers?

Answer: There are two types: the stuff a smoker breathes out and the cloud that drifts from a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. Both are bad for you. So even if you wouldn't dream of lighting up a cigarette, you still take in harmful chemicals when you're around someone who does. There are at least 70 kinds in secondhand smoke that can lead to cancer. There are no safe amounts, so try to avoid secondhand smoke as much as you can. Take a pledge to make your home and car tobacco-free zones. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: Who can get lung cancer besides smokers?

Answer: But there's more to it than that. The truth is you can get the disease even if you've never put a cigarette to your lips. There are lots of reasons why this can happen, but if you can help cut down your risk. So even if you wouldn't dream of lighting up a cigarette, you still take in harmful chemicals when you're around someone who does.


Question: How can someone get lung cancer with radon?

Answer: The gas is the second most common cause of the disease besides smoking. When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer.


Question: Can my lifestyle raise the risk of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Overall, only about 4.2% of men in the U. S. develop colorectal cancer, but several factors increase your risk: Age: Your risk of colorectal cancer goes up as you age. They include: Drinking more than two alcoholic drinks per day Obesity Smoking Type 2 Diabetes A high-fat diet, with fat coming mostly from meat What Is Colorectal Cancer?


Question: What is the bird flu?

Answer: Currently, a particularly deadly strain of bird flu -- H5 N1 -- continues to spread among poultry in Egypt and in certain parts of Asia. People catch bird flu by close contact with birds or bird droppings.


Question: What is a urinalysis?

Answer: Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and UA. You may have a urinalysis as part of a routine check of your overall health, for instance as part of an annual physical. There are three ways to analyze urine, and your test might use all of them.


Question: What does a dipstick urinalysis check for?

Answer: Some of the things that shouldn't be in your urine that a microscope can find include: Red blood cells White blood cells Bacteria Crystals (clumps of minerals â a possible sign of kidney stones) The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals. It's dipped into your urine, and the chemicals on the stick react and change color if levels are above normal. Things the dipstick test can check for include: Acidity, or p H. If the acid is abnormal, you could have kidney stones, a urinary tract infection ( UTI) or another condition. Protein. This can be a sign your kidneys are not working right. Kidneys filter waste products out of your blood. Glucose. A high sugar content is a marker for diabetes. White blood cells. These are a sign of infection or inflammation, either in the kidneys or anywhere else along urinary tract. If this waste product, which is normally eliminated by your liver, shows up, it may mean your liver isn't working properly. Blood in your urine. Sometimes this is a sign of infections or certain illnesses.


Question: What does a microscopic urinalysis check for?

Answer: One is a visual exam, which checks the color and clarity. Some of the things that shouldn't be in your urine that a microscope can find include: Red blood cells White blood cells Bacteria Crystals (clumps of minerals â a possible sign of kidney stones) The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals.


Question: Can doctors prescribe immunotherapies for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: What Is Immunotherapy? There are a few FDA-approved immunotherapy drugs for SCLC. Because scientists are still studying the drugs, doctors are careful about when to prescribe them. How Do You Get the Treatment?


Question: What is pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: You might take this immune checkpoint inhibitor along with chemotherapy. Your doctor will decide how long you'll get this medication.


Question: What is nivolumab (Opdivo) for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: Scientists have developed drugs to help your immune system target and destroy cancerous cells. You might take this immune checkpoint inhibitor along with chemotherapy.


Question: How can your doctor find out what treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is best for you?

Answer: Immune checkpoint inhibitors target these proteins and allow immune cells to attack the cancer. Which Drugs Treat SCLC? You go to your doctor's office, a clinic, or the outpatient unit of a hospital.


Question: What drugs help your immune system to treat small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: They include: Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Some immune cells have proteins that act as off switches. These âcheckpointsâ prevent them from killing cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors target these proteins and allow immune cells to attack the cancer. Cancer vaccines: These substances kick-start an immune system response. They can prevent or treat certain cancers. Scientists are beginning to study vaccines for SCLC. Most of the time, the cancer returns.


Question: What is Von Zumbusch pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Generalized or Von Zumbusch: Red, painful, tender skin blotches show up over a wide area of your body, and pus-filled blisters pop up soon after.


Question: What is annular (ring-shaped) pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Note the clearly defined, raised bumps on the skin that are filled with pus (pustules). This type of psoriasis may come and go. But in this case, they attack your own skin by mistake. Sometimes, one treatment doesn't do the trick. You may need to combine one or more to feel better.


Question: What is acropustulosis relative to pustular psoriasis?

Answer: It's most likely to affect: The palms of your hands The soles of your feet Your fingers and toes Even though you see pus on your bumps, it's not an infection. The pain can make it hard to use your fingers or toes. In rare cases, it can cause nail or even bone damage.


Question: How does pustular psoriasis develop?

Answer: You'll see white bumps filled with pus near or inside red skin blotches. Pustular psoriasis. This is a rare, serious disease -- see your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.


Question: What is acropusutlosis?

Answer: It's most likely to affect: The palms of your hands The soles of your feet Your fingers and toes Even though you see pus on your bumps, it's not an infection. The pain can make it hard to use your fingers or toes.


Question: What are the symptoms of Von Zumbusch pustular psoriasis?

Answer: People who smoke are more likely to get this form. You also might be very tired or have fever, chills, dehydration, nausea, weak muscles, headache, joint pain, a fast pulse, or weight loss. This is a rare, serious disease -- see your doctor right away if you have these symptoms. The goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms and control outbreaks. Widespread outbreak: If you have generalized or Von Zumbusch psoriasis, get medical care right away.


Question: What is annular pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Note the clearly defined, raised bumps on the skin that are filled with pus (pustules). Sometimes, one treatment doesn't do the trick. You may need to combine one or more to feel better.


Question: What can pustular psoriasis cause?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Pustular psoriasis. Palmoplantar pustulosis ( PPP): Blisters form on small areas of your body, usually your palms or the soles of your feet.


Question: What foods should I focus on eating during cancer treatment?

Answer: You may have days when you feel hungry, and others when food is the last thing you want. On good days, eat lots of protein and healthy calories. That will keep your body strong and help repair damage from your treatment. High-protein foods include: Lean meat, chicken, and fish Eggs Beans, nuts, and seeds Cheese, milk, and yogurt Try to eat at least 2 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables a day. Drink plenty of liquids all day.


Question: What should you eat when you have cancer?

Answer: And sometimes, you just won't feel like eating. You don't need a drastic diet makeover. Just a few simple tricks to make good-for-you foods easy and appetizing. It can help you feel better and your body stay strong. You may have days when you feel hungry, and others when food is the last thing you want. Many side effects of cancer treatments can make it hard to get enough to eat.


Question: What is the difference between individual therapy and group therapy for opioid addiction?

Answer: While any counseling therapy for drug abuse treatment is better than none, group therapy is generally preferred over individual therapy. In group therapy, you're more likely to be both challenged and supported by peers who are also going through drug rehab. Individual therapy can help when you have depression, bipolar disorder, or another significant mental health condition that requires treatment in its own right, separate from your addiction.


Question: Why is counseling important in opioid addiction treatment?

Answer: Even after detox, when your body is no longer hooked, you're at high risk for relapse. Certain psychological and social factors can be powerful triggers that lead to relapse: Stress, especially sudden life stresses Cues in the environment, like visiting a neighborhood Social networks, like spending time with friends who continue to use drugs These things can create a strong ongoing urge to use again. Counseling helps you escape cravings and learn to manage what life throws at you without drugs. Opioid addiction is a chronic illness.


Question: How can contingency management therapy help with treating drug addiction?

Answer: While any counseling therapy for drug abuse treatment is better than none, group therapy is generally preferred over individual therapy. Individual therapy can help when you have depression, bipolar disorder, or another significant mental health condition that requires treatment in its own right, separate from your addiction. This method gives you positive incentives to stay clean. Vouchers for goods and services, or privileges in a more rigid treatment setting, are common.


Question: Can I get surgery for otosclerosis for both ears at the same time?

Answer: Most people with otosclerosis have hearing loss in both ears. After the first one, you'll need to wait at least 6 months for it to be done on your other ear.


Question: What are symptoms of conduct disorder?

Answer: Symptoms of conduct disorder vary depending on the age of the child and whether the disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. In general, symptoms of conduct disorder fall into four general categories: Aggressive behavior: These are behaviors that threaten or cause physical harm and may include fighting, bullying, being cruel to others or animals, using weapons, and forcing another into sexual activity. Violation of rules: This involves going against accepted rules of society or engaging in behavior that is not appropriate for the person's age. Some may abuse drugs and alcohol. Children with conduct disorder often are unable to appreciate how their behavior can hurt others and generally have little guilt or remorse about hurting others.


Question: What is conduct disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Conduct disorder is a serious behavioral and emotional disorder that can occur in children and teens. A child with this disorder may display a pattern of disruptive and violent behavior and have problems following rules. It is not uncommon for children and teens to have behavior-related problems at some time during their development. However, the behavior is considered to be a conduct disorder when it is long-lasting and when it violates the rights of others, goes against accepted norms of behavior and disrupts the child's or family's everyday life. The exact cause of conduct disorder is not known, but it is believed that a combination of biological, genetic, environmental, psychological, and social factors play a role.


Question: How is trigeminal neuralgia related to geriatric headaches and migraines?

Answer: Headaches are the most common symptom of temporal (giant cell) arteritis, or TA, a disease that causes your arteries -- blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body -- to swell and narrow. In a small number of cases, the pain is caused by a tumor pressing on the trigeminal nerve.


Question: What is postherpetic neuralgia?

Answer: TA is more common in people older than age 50. When there is pressure on the trigeminal nerve, which controls facial feeling, it can cause excruciating pain in the lower part of the face, around the nose, and above the eye. Shingles that involves the face nearly doubles the risk of developing facial posterherpetic neuralgia.


Question: How common are headaches and migraines in older people?

Answer: Migraines tend to disappear with age, too. At age 70, only 10% of women and 5% of men experience them. The condition is more common in people older than age 50 and is seen more in women than men.


Question: Why is breastfeeding best for your baby?

Answer: Breast milk is the perfect food for baby, with numerous advantages over baby formula, especially in the first four months or so. It may protect against allergies and asthma in the future.


Question: What's the best baby formula?

Answer: With all these advantages of breast milk, should you feel guilty if you choose not to breastfeed? Most formulas are pretty much the same. More expensive does not necessarily mean better. Just be sure to check that it's iron fortified when you buy a formula. There is a lot of evidence that iron deficiency in the first years adversely affects brain development. And side effects from iron (gas, constipation, discomfort) while much discussed, are actually very rare. Pick whichever type of formula -- powder, concentrate, or ready-to-feed -- best suits your needs. There is no nutritional difference between them.


Question: Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help prevent menstrual migraine?

Answer: When you have four or more migraines every month, your doctor may suggest you take a "preventive" medicine, instead of waiting to treat painful symptoms after they start. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras.


Question: What are preventive medicines for migraine?

Answer: These drugs lower the chances that you'll have migraines in the first place. And when you do get one, it'll likely be briefer and less severe. Migraine affects everyone differently. Because of that, you may need to try more than one thing to find the treatment that's right for you. Your doctor will probably consider when and how often you get migraines and what other health problems you have. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras.


Question: What happens after a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: You may take medication to make you sleepy and relaxed before the procedure. You can expect to feel some discomfort and have some light bleeding for a day or two. Serious complications are rare, but it is possible to get an infection or injury to your colon or rectum.


Question: What should you do if you have a positive result on a screening test for that is not colonoscopy?

Answer: If you have a positive result on a screening test that is not a colonoscopy, further evaluation should be performed on a timely basis with a colonoscopy test to take a look at your entire colon. You may need additional testing before you and your doctor can determine the best treatment plan.


Question: What are symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. Later, you might feel tired or have itchy skin or dry eyes and mouth. As the disease gets worse, you might notice: Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice) Swollen feet and ankles Pain and swelling in your abdomen Bone, muscle, or joint pain Darkened skin If you have any of these symptoms, your doctor might suggest blood tests.


Question: How is primary biliary cholangitis diagnosed?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. They'll tell her how well your liver works and if you have any immune system issues. She may also want you to have imaging tests like an ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or endoscopy ( ERCP). These provide a more detailed look at your liver and the area around it. She'll remove a small piece of liver tissue and examine it in the lab to look for damage or disease.


Question: How does primary biliary cholangitis develop?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. The bile backs up, and your liver gets inflamed and maybe even scarred. Over time, the scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, and the organ doesn't work the way it should. This is usually a slow and gradual process. Your liver does OK for a while. And you'll take medications to help it work better and manage your symptoms. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. One day, you may need a liver transplant.


Question: What causes migraines?

Answer: Doctors don't know the exact cause of migraine headaches, although they seem to be related to changes in the brain as well as to genes that run in families. You can even inherit the triggers that give you migraine headaches, like fatigue, bright lights, weather changes, and others. For many years, scientists believed migraines resulted from changes in blood flow in the brain. Many now think that they happen because of flaws in the brain passed down from your parents. Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour.


Question: How are preventative medicines used for migraines?

Answer: CGRP causes blood vessels in the lining of the brain to swell. The pain may affect the back of your head. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. How can I help them feel in control of their life?

Answer: It's important for all kids to feel like they have some control over their lives. For example, you can: Let your child make choices when it makes sense to. This can be as simple as letting him choose what clothes to wear. Allow him to take reasonable risks. You need to protect your children, but also let them see what they can handle. Support him in solving problems, like how to deal with an issue with friends or approach a problem at school. You don't have to fix it for them, but help them do it themselves.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. What are some tips for helping them at school?

Answer: To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes. As you work with doctors, therapists, and teachers, focus on your child's needs rather than on the condition. Look at what your child is learning at school and see if you can work those lessons into your home life. When you talk to your child, keep it simple -- the fewer steps, the better. Let's get your teeth brushed, face washed, pajamas on, and pick out some books.â Have your child repeat directions back to you so you know you've been understood. Name and talk about things your child seems to get excited about.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. What are tips for coping with that?

Answer: Along the way, maybe you talk with other parents whose kids have Down syndrome so you can learn tips and find out what to expect. And, as your child grows, you can work with doctors, therapists, teachers, and other specialists. Beyond these big-picture tasks, it can also help to know what you can do day to day. Every family has their joys, stresses, and challenges, but when you have a child with Down syndrome, things look a little different. To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes.


Question: How can I manage fatigue?

Answer: You can also keep track of your problems: MS symptoms tend to come and go or get worse over time. Talk to your doctor if you just can't seem to feel rested.


Question: Does numbness or tingling mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own. Numbness and tingling can also come from a lack of blood flow or a pinched nerve, so think first if you slept in a funny position or sat without moving for a long time. Other conditions can lead to nerve damage, too: Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the wrist, while diabetic neuropathy can trigger numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands.


Question: What does it mean if I feel weak all over my body?

Answer: MS can make you feel lightheaded or off-balance, usually when you're standing up and moving around. Or you may have too few red blood cells in your body, a condition called anemia. He can help you know if the cause is MS or another problem.


Question: Is numbness or tingling a sign of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own.


Question: When should I see my doctor about multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem.


Question: When should I see my doctor for sudden numbness on one side of my body or trouble seeing or speaking?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem.


Question: What is short bowel syndrome?

Answer: Those with short bowel syndrome usually have at least half of their small intestine missing or removed. Some babies are born with bowel problems that damage parts of the intestine. Doctors may remove the small intestine as part of a treatment for: Crohn's disease, a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease that causes belly pain, diarrhea, and other digestive problems Cancer Damage from cancer treatment, like radiation therapy Bowel injury The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhea that doesn't go away. You can become dehydrated, and there's a chance your body won't get enough nutrients.