Question: How can you lower your odds of getting hepatitis C?

Answer: They're more likely to come in contact with blood and get accidental needle sticks. If you have more than one partner or sleep with people who have sexually transmitted diseases, particularly HIV, you're more likely to get hep C than people who don't. Definitely get screened if any of these things apply to you: Had a blood transfusion before 1992 Received blood products for clotting problems before 1987 Are on kidney dialysis Ever used IV drugs Have high-risk sex (multiple partners, history of sexually transmitted diseases) Live with or care for someone who has HCV Were born between 1945 and 1965 Ever shared tools to snort cocaine Were born to a mother with hepatitis C There's no effective vaccine against HCV. And if you use drugs, don't share needles, syringes, or anything that goes up your nose. Spouses, partners, and others in close contact with people who have hep C should not share toothbrushes and razors. If you have the disease, cover your wounds and throw out blood-soaked bandages, tampons, or pads. Don't let anyone else in the house touch them.


Question: What areas of the body are targeted by plyometrics?

Answer: Core: No. This workout doesn't specifically target your core. Arms: No. Most plyometric workouts don't target your arms. But if you want to work them, you can add upper-body moves like medicine-ball throws and plyometric push-ups. Legs: Yes. Expect your legs to get in great shape from all the jumping and hopping. Glutes: Yes. Moves like jump squats fire up your glutes to make them stronger. Back: No. Though the workout involves your whole body, it's not focused on your back muscles.


Question: How does plyometrics work to benefit my body?

Answer: The exercises you do with plyometrics mimic those dynamic moves. You might jump up and onto a box or bench, or jump over cones. Some moves will be faster than others. Every time you land from a jump, your muscles get a stretch. That gives your next jump even more power. The combination of stretching and contracting your muscles whips them into shape. Expect your legs to get in great shape from all the jumping and hopping.


Question: How often should I do plyometrics?

Answer: Every time you land from a jump, your muscles get a stretch. If you're not active now, you may need to start working on your basic fitness first and later have a pro show you how to do the moves, so you don't get injured. It's a fun alternative to an everyday strength-training workout that boosts your muscle power, strength, balance, and agility. You can either do a workout based around plyometrics, or add some plyo moves to your usual routine without giving it an entire session.


Question: What is the intensity level of plyometrics?

Answer: The moves are quick and explosive, so prepare to use a lot more energy than you do in a typical strength-training session. This workout is all about boosting your muscle power.


Question: What are ways to get protein on the go?

Answer: If you don't have time to sit down for a meal, grab a meal replacement drink, cereal bar, or energy bar. Check the label to be sure the product contains at least six grams of protein and is low in sugar and fat.


Question: Are milk, cheese, and yogurt good protein sources?

Answer: Not only are dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt excellent sources of protein, but they also contain valuable calcium, and many are fortified with vitamin D. Choose skim or low-fat dairy to keep bones and teeth strong and help prevent osteoporosis.


Question: Is seafood is a good protein source?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Seafood is an excellent source of protein because it's usually low in fat. Fish such as salmon is a little higher in fat, but it is the heart-healthy kind: it has omega-3 fatty acids.


Question: Is soy a good protein source?

Answer: Fifty grams of soy protein daily can help lower cholesterol by about 3%. Eating soy protein instead of sources of higher-fat protein -- and maintaining a healthy diet -- can be good for your heart.


Question: Is lean beef a good protein source?

Answer: Lean beef has about two grams more saturated fat than a skinless chicken breast. Lean beef is also an excellent source of zinc, iron, and vitamin B12.


Question: Are beans a good protein source?

Answer: Protein can help you shed those unwanted pounds -- and keep your belly full. Eggs are one of the least expensive forms of protein.


Question: What is the first thing to do for treatment of broken jaw?

Answer: Take the broken teeth in their solution to the health care provider or emergency room with you.


Question: How can I prevent a person with broken jaw from choking?

Answer: Allow any blood in the mouth to dribble out or have the person spit it into a handkerchief. Without touching the roots, gently remove any broken or lost teeth from the mouth and place them in cold milk, salt water, or saliva. Take the broken teeth in their solution to the health care provider or emergency room with you.


Question: How is a broken jaw treated?

Answer: Medical treatment depends on the location and severity of the break. A surgeon may be able to set the bone without surgery, although wires may need to be placed to stabilize the jaw. Surgery may be needed to repair the break. The surgeon will place plates or screws to hold the broken pieces of bone together while they heal.


Question: How can I immobilize someoneâs broken jaw, and how can I control swelling?

Answer: Allow any blood in the mouth to dribble out or have the person spit it into a handkerchief. Without touching the roots, gently remove any broken or lost teeth from the mouth and place them in cold milk, salt water, or saliva. Take the broken teeth in their solution to the health care provider or emergency room with you. Apply cold compresses.


Question: What is progressive rheumatoid arthritis like?

Answer: If it's getting worse, there are good treatment options to slow it down.


Question: What are the signs of progressive rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There's no easy way, but some general signs include: Flares that are intense or last a long time Diagnosis at a young age, which means the disease has more time to become active in your body Rheumatoid nodules -- bumps under your skin, often around your elbows Active inflammation that shows up in tests of joint fluid or blood Damage on X-rays when you were diagnosed High levels of rheumatoid factor or citrulline antibody in blood tests Early and more aggressive treatment raise your chances of remission.


Question: What is a long remission of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you're in one of these periods, your pain and stiffness go away or get much better, but you aren't cured. In a few people with RA -- about 5% to 10% -- the disease starts suddenly, and then they have no symptoms for many years, even decades.


Question: When should I see my rheumatologist for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your RA doctor can check to see how your disease has changed. If it's getting worse, there are good treatment options to slow it down.


Question: How can I tell which kind of rheumatoid arthritis I have?

Answer: There's no easy way, but some general signs include: Flares that are intense or last a long time Diagnosis at a young age, which means the disease has more time to become active in your body Rheumatoid nodules -- bumps under your skin, often around your elbows Active inflammation that shows up in tests of joint fluid or blood Damage on X-rays when you were diagnosed High levels of rheumatoid factor or citrulline antibody in blood tests Early and more aggressive treatment raise your chances of remission.


Question: How common are symptoms that come and go in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Progressive rheumatoid arthritis. There's no easy way, but some general signs include: Flares that are intense or last a long time Diagnosis at a young age, which means the disease has more time to become active in your body Rheumatoid nodules -- bumps under your skin, often around your elbows Active inflammation that shows up in tests of joint fluid or blood Damage on X-rays when you were diagnosed High levels of rheumatoid factor or citrulline antibody in blood tests Early and more aggressive treatment raise your chances of remission.


Question: How will your rheumatoid arthritis change over time?

Answer: How you'll feel depends such things as: How advanced your RA was when you learned you had it Your age when you were diagnosed How "active" your disease is Everyone is different, but there are a few common patterns in the way RA plays out over the years: Long remissions. Progressive rheumatoid arthritis. The joint will be stiff, and you won't be able to move it as far as you used to.


Question: What happens when my surgical cut gets infected?

Answer: They're rare, but they do happen. If you're going to get an infection, it's usually in the first month after your surgery. Your wound could be infected if you have: Fever Delay in your healing Pus, redness, and pain getting worse Tenderness, warmth, and swelling near your wound Most of the time, infections in the area of your wound can be treated with antibiotics.


Question: What are the stages of healing for surgical cuts?

Answer: Your wound will go through three phases. When you're in this phase, which can go on for up to 6 days after your surgery, it's normal to see some redness and swelling. Your doctor can tell you how much is OK. Also, your wound may feel warm, and it may hurt around the site. Watch out for oozing pus that smells bad. It could be a sign that an infection is starting. This part of your healing lasts from about 4 days to a month after your surgery. A scar starts to form on the cut. This may be a sign that you're getting sensations back in your nerves. The feeling should become less intense and happen less often over time, but check with your doctor if you're concerned. This final period can last from 6 months to 2 years. You'll see some changes in your scar. It will go from looking thick, red, and raised to thinner, flatter, and more like your usual skin color. Your wound could be infected if you have: Fever Delay in your healing Pus, redness, and pain getting worse Tenderness, warmth, and swelling near your wound Most of the time, infections in the area of your wound can be treated with antibiotics.


Question: How does exercise treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some types, such as tai chi and yoga, can lower stress, help you relax, and increase your energy, balance, and flexibility. As with any fitness program, check with your doctor before you start.


Question: Why should patients with multiple sclerosis avoid providers who refuse to work with their doctor?

Answer: Avoid providers who refuse or are reluctant to work with your doctor. Be sure that the person is willing to refer clients to a conventional doctor when necessary.


Question: How does diet treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It’s important for people with MS to eat the right amounts of nutritious foods. Ask your doctor what kind of diet is right for you.


Question: Why should multiple sclerosis patients be wary of the source of a product or therapy?

Answer: Source: Be wary if the product is only being offered through one manufacturer.


Question: How does a positive attitude treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Together you can decide what will help you feel your best.


Question: Why should multiple sclerosis patients avoid promotions?

Answer: Promotion: Be cautious if products or providers are promoted through telemarketers, direct mailings, infomercials, ads disguised as valid news articles, or ads in the back of magazines.


Question: How can I tell which therapies for multiple sclerosis are worth trying?

Answer: Alternative therapy can be helpful in many cases, but some treatments don’t work and can be costly and even dangerous. The best way to stay safe is to learn about a product before you use it. Good things to find out: What is the treatment? What does it involve? How does it work? Are there any risks? What are the side effects? Is it effective? ( Ask for evidence or proof!) How much does it cost?


Question: Should I talk to others who have used alternative therapy for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Talk to others who have used the therapy. Ask them what it was like. Don’t rely only on testimonials from the person or company offering the treatment. Track down your own references and get their opinions.


Question: How do massages treat multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Many people with MS get regular massage therapy to help them relax and reduce stress and depression. There is no evidence that massage changes the course of the disease. It’s usually safe for people with MS to have a massage, but you should tell your therapist if you have osteoporosis. Talk to your doctor first.


Question: Why should patients with multiple sclerosis talk to their doctor about therapy?

Answer: Discuss the therapy with your doctor. Make sure he knows what therapy you are considering so he can discuss possible side effects and how it may affect your current treatment. Your doctor can also give you information on other patients who may have tried the same therapy.


Question: Is acupuncture used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some people report that acupuncture, a practice that places needles at specific points in the body, relieves symptoms like pain, muscle spasms, or bladder control problems. But scientific studies haven’t found for sure that it works for people with MS. Evening primrose oil (linoleic acid).


Question: How can I tell which alternative therapies are working to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Alternative therapy can be helpful in many cases, but some treatments don’t work and can be costly and even dangerous. The best way to stay safe is to learn about a product before you use it. Good things to find out: What is the treatment? What does it involve? How does it work? Are there any risks? What are the side effects? Is it effective?


Question: Why should multiple sclerosis patients avoid big claims?

Answer: Big claims: If a provider or product claims to be a "cure" for MS or makes other outrageous claims, be cautious.


Question: How does evening primrose oil treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You can find linoleic acid in sunflower seeds and safflower oil. There is some evidence that taking it as a supplement may slightly improve MS symptoms.


Question: Will alternative therapies cure multiple sclerosis?

Answer: But there’s evidence that some of them are helpful when you use them along with your regular treatment. For others, the science isn’t as clear. When you’re deciding if you want to try something new, it’s important to know what might help you and what could be harmful.


Question: Why should multiple sclerosis patients beware of testimonials?

Answer: Testimonials: You’ll usually only hear from people who are satisfied with the product, so beware, especially if you see or hear "paid endorsement" with their comments. Also, watch for testimonials by people who are only listed by initials, locations, or first names.


Question: What red flags should I watch for from providers of alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Promotion: Be cautious if products or providers are promoted through telemarketers, direct mailings, infomercials, ads disguised as valid news articles, or ads in the back of magazines. Big claims: If a provider or product claims to be a "cure" for MS or makes other outrageous claims, be cautious. Source: Be wary if the product is only being offered through one manufacturer. Ingredients: Make sure all of the active ingredients are listed. Do not trust "secret formulas." Testimonials: You’ll usually only hear from people who are satisfied with the product, so beware, especially if you see or hear "paid endorsement" with their comments. Also, watch for testimonials by people who are only listed by initials, locations, or first names.


Question: Is marijuana used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some people with MS say that smoking or ingesting it helps relieve muscle spasms and other MS-related symptoms. But scientists aren’t clear on how it works and who should use it. If you live in a state where medical marijuana is legal, check with your doctor.


Question: Should I research the provider's background for alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Research the provider's background.


Question: Is evening primrose oil used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You can find linoleic acid in sunflower seeds and safflower oil. There is some evidence that taking it as a supplement may slightly improve MS symptoms.


Question: Should I take alternative treatment claims for multiple sclerosis at face value?

Answer: Don’t take any claim at face value. Contact reliable organizations and discuss the therapy. Talk to others in a support group, your family, and your health care team. Although they may not always be supportive, they can help you make an educated decision.


Question: Should I discuss the alternative therapy for multiple sclerosis with my doctor?

Answer: Discuss the therapy with your doctor. Make sure he knows what therapy you are considering so he can discuss possible side effects and how it may affect your current treatment. Your doctor can also give you information on other patients who may have tried the same therapy.


Question: Which alternative treatment providers for multiple sclerosis should I avoid?

Answer: Talk to your doctor first. Discuss the therapy with your doctor.


Question: Should I take alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Together you can decide what will help you feel your best. As with any fitness program, check with your doctor before you start.


Question: Should I know the total cost of alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Most of these therapies are not covered by your insurance. Ingredients: Make sure all of the active ingredients are listed.


Question: Are massages used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), there are many medical treatments you can use to treat your disease, like medications or physical therapy. Some types, such as tai chi and yoga, can lower stress, help you relax, and increase your energy, balance, and flexibility. Massage. Talk to your doctor first.


Question: Are there alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: But many people look for other ways to feel better, such as acupuncture, yoga, relaxation, herbal remedies, and massage. They’re called alternative and complementary treatments. It’s usually safe for people with MS to have a massage, but you should tell your therapist if you have osteoporosis.


Question: What alternative therapies are recommended for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: A positive outlook cannot cure your condition, but it can ease your stress and help you feel better. Some types, such as tai chi and yoga, can lower stress, help you relax, and increase your energy, balance, and flexibility. As with any fitness program, check with your doctor before you start. It’s important for people with MS to eat the right amounts of nutritious foods. Ask your doctor what kind of diet is right for you.


Question: Does dairy make constipation worse?

Answer: Lots of milk and cheese can make your constipation worse. Do this: Kefir may be a safe choice, though. The strains of bacteria in this fermented drink -- made with milk from cows, goats, sheep, or even soy -- may help relieve your constipation.


Question: How do you know if you are constipated?

Answer: You may be if you're pooping twice or less a week, or if your stools are pellet-shaped, they're so hard and dry that they hurt, and you have to strain to pass them.


Question: What drugs make constipation worse?

Answer: These medicines come in pills, liquids, suppositories, and other forms. Do this: If your doctor thinks that laxatives might help, follow her orders about what kind to use, and try your best to limit your use.


Question: Does having a lot of stress make constipation worse?

Answer: Your colon is partly managed by your nervous system, which is like your body's electrical wiring. If you feel stressed or anxious, your gut may feel it, too. Do this: Talking to a therapist or learning relaxation techniques may help you feel better.


Question: Does eating processed foods make constipation worse?

Answer: Foods that have little or no fiber sit longer in your intestines. The extra time lets your colon soak up more water. That's a recipe for hard, dry stools.


Question: Does drinking alcohol make constipation worse?

Answer: Drink alcohol. Booze zaps your body of fluids, which can make your stools hard -- and harder to pass. Do this: Drink plenty of water instead.


Question: Does adding fiber too fast make constipation worse?

Answer: But some actions can backfire and make it even harder for you to get back to a regular schedule. To ease your constipation, you'll want to change these habits: Eat too much processed food. Do this: Aim for 20-35 grams of fiber daily, but add no more than 5 grams each day. Do this: Eating, especially healthy whole foods that contain fiber, helps your body move stool.


Question: Does not exercising make constipation worse?

Answer: That's a recipe for hard, dry stools. Do this: Exercise regularly.


Question: Does trying to go to the bathroom fast make constipation worse?

Answer: Are you constipated? Try to sit on the toilet for 15 minutes at the same time each day, even if you can't âgo.â It can relax your digestive system and cue your body for a bowel movement.


Question: Does exercising prevent colds?

Answer: Low-fat yogurt may help stimulate the immune system. Regular exercise -- such as aerobics and walking -- also boosts the immune system. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they have less severe symptoms. They may recover more quickly compared with less-healthy people.


Question: What are the best foods to eat for a cold?

Answer: Ginger seems to settle an upset stomach. A hot toddy may help you sleep, but beware of mixing alcohol with other cold remedies.


Question: What is the best natural way to prevent colds?

Answer: To prevent colds the natural way, it's best to make sure you've got a well-nourished immune system. Dark green foods like spinach are loaded with vitamins A and C. Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation. Low-fat yogurt may help stimulate the immune system.


Question: Which over-the-counter medicines help for cold symptoms?

Answer: Over-the-counter cold medicines can offer relief from aches and fever. Aspirin. Decongestants can help make breathing easier by shrinking swollen mucous membranes in the nose. Use for no more than two or three days. Saline nasal sprays can also open breathing passages and may be used freely. Cough preparations are not hugely effective. For minor coughs, water and fruit juices probably help the most. The FDA and manufacturers now say that over-the-counter cough and cold medicines should not be given to children under age 4. Gargling with salt water can help relieve a sore throat.


Question: Is there a cure for the common cold?

Answer: Avoid drinks like coffee, tea, and colas with caffeine. They may rob your system of fluids. As for eating, follow your appetite. If you're not really hungry, try eating simple foods like white rice or broth. Use for no more than two or three days.


Question: What are signs that you are too drowsy to drive safely?

Answer: Since drowsiness is the brain's last step before falling asleep, driving while drowsy can -- and often does -- lead to disaster.


Question: What are the effects of lack of sleep?

Answer: Too little sleep may cause: Memory problems Feeling depressed A weakening of your immune system, increasing your chance of becoming sick Increase in perception of pain Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.


Question: Why is sleep deprivation sometimes dangerous?

Answer: Eventually, your body will demand that the debt be repaid. Sleep-deprived people who are tested by using a driving simulator or by performing a hand-eye coordination task perform as badly as or worse than those who are intoxicated. Sleep deprivation also magnifies alcohol's effects on the body, so a fatigued person who drinks will become much more impaired than someone who is well rested.


Question: What can happen if athlete's foot is untreated?

Answer: If not treated properly and promptly, athlete's foot can be very stubborn. Even when treated with antifungal drugs, the infection may take several weeks to disappear and may come back after treatment. Most of the time it responds well to these over-the-counter interventions. However, more severe cases may need to be seen by a doctor.


Question: What is contact dermatitis?

Answer: Contact Dermatitis Contact dermatitis happens when your skin reacts badly to something that touches it. You might get it on your scalp from shampoos or other hair products. Or you could get it from a poison oak leaf brushing against your head. It causes patches of red, itchy, scaly skin. When it's severe, it also can lead to crusty, oozing sores.


Question: How long does it take for contact dermatitis sores to go away?

Answer: If you stay away from the thing that triggered the rash, it should go away in 2 to 4 weeks. So if symptoms start just after you try a new hair product, switch to a different brand to see if that helps. Your doctor also can do skin tests to help figure out what's causing the problem.


Question: What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer: Seborrheic Dermatitis You probably know about the mildest form of this type of eczema -- dandruff. But it also can cause scaly, itchy patches on your scalp that can ooze and scab over. Symptoms tend to come and go and may be worse in winter.


Question: How do I get rid of folliculitis?

Answer: If it lasts more than a few days, see your doctor. You might need an antibiotic cream or other treatment, depending on what's causing it. Lice These tiny bugs don't usually cause head sores themselves. But they can make your scalp very itchy.


Question: How do I get rid of scalp ringworm?

Answer: But it also can affect adults. The best treatment is usually prescription medicine you take by mouth. Ringworm creams and powders don't tend to work on the scalp.


Question: What are less common causes for scalp sores?

Answer: Other Causes They're not as common, but lots of other conditions can cause head and scalp sores. They include acne, viruses like chickenpox, and a group of rare autoimmune diseases called pemphigus, which happen when your immune system attacks healthy cells.


Question: When should I see a doctor about the sores on my head?

Answer: Most aren't serious. It's a good idea, though, to see your doctor if they bother you. This is especially true if: Your head sores last more than a few days or won't heal. You have a lot of sores or they keep coming back. You've noticed any changes in the shape, size, or color of bumps or lumps on your scalp.


Question: What is scalp ringworm?

Answer: Scalp Ringworm Ringworm is not a real worm. It's a common infection caused by a fungus. Ringworm goes by different names depending on where it is on your body. It's known as jock itch and athlete's foot. When it's on your head, it's called tinea capitis. It causes patches of itchy skin and hair loss that may get worse over time. You also may get a painful, pus-filled sore called a kerion on your scalp.


Question: What happens if something bad gets in my hair follicle?

Answer: Folliculitis If bacteria, a virus, or fungus gets into a hair follicle, you can get this kind of infection. It may look and feel like a pimple, a painful red bump with or without a white head.


Question: How can I treat seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer: But some things like special shampoos, medicines, and creams can help with the symptoms.


Question: How do I get rid of lice?

Answer: Special over-the-counter shampoos may be enough to get rid of them. Talk to your doctor about other treatments if shampoos don't do the trick.


Question: Will lice make my head sore?

Answer: Lice These tiny bugs don't usually cause head sores themselves. But they can make your scalp very itchy. And scratching can lead to painful and even infected sores. If you have lice, you may notice their eggs (about the size of pinhead) attached firmly to shafts of hair. You also may see the bugs, which are about the size of a sesame seed.


Question: How do I treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Scalp Psoriasis This condition can cause patches of red, flaky skin on your scalp. Special shampoos with coal tar or salicylic acid can help control it.


Question: What is causing the sores on my head?

Answer: Unless you're skilled at taking back-of-the-head selfies, they also can be hard to see. What causes these lumps and bumps that can make things like brushing your hair painful? It can be anything from minor local infections to signs of a health condition that can affect your whole body. These sores can be crusty and scabby, too.


Question: Do nutrients and diet effect the quality of my eyesight?

Answer: A well balanced diet will provide most of what normal adults need. Foods rich in omega fatty acids, and leafy green veggies contain lots of valuable nutrients. Vitamins A, C, and E are essential for good eyesight. Lutein and zeaxanthin may protect the macula and retina. Watch your weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. If you smoke, stop! Smoking is a major risk factor in the development of macular degeneration. If you have diabetes, you need to schedule regular eye exams and carefully monitor your blood sugar levels. Look away from your work, close your eyes, or simply stare off into space.


Question: When do signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show up?

Answer: There are common signs of the disorder, and a child with ASD might show any of the following behaviors: Has trouble relating to others Avoids eye contact Prefers to be alone Dislikes being embraced Repeats words, phrases, or actions Has trouble expressing needs and emotions Doesn't get signals from body language, tone of voice, and expressions Needs routines Is sensitive to smell, taste, or sound Experts don't fully understand all of the causes of autism spectrum disorder.


Question: What are the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: There are common signs of the disorder, and a child with ASD might show any of the following behaviors: Has trouble relating to others Avoids eye contact Prefers to be alone Dislikes being embraced Repeats words, phrases, or actions Has trouble expressing needs and emotions Doesn't get signals from body language, tone of voice, and expressions Needs routines Is sensitive to smell, taste, or sound Experts don't fully understand all of the causes of autism spectrum disorder.


Question: What are the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: There are common signs of the disorder, and a child with ASD might show any of the following behaviors: Has trouble relating to others Avoids eye contact Prefers to be alone Dislikes being embraced Repeats words, phrases, or actions Has trouble expressing needs and emotions Doesn't get signals from body language, tone of voice, and expressions Needs routines Is sensitive to smell, taste, or sound Experts don't fully understand all of the causes of autism spectrum disorder. It seems to be genetic, mostly. And it usually involves more than one gene, so it's complicated. For instance: A person is more likely to be on the spectrum if a brother, sister, or parent is. But it doesn't always run in families. About 10% of kids with ASD have a form of genetic disorder such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.


Question: How common are gallstones?

Answer: About a million new cases of gallstones are diagnosed in the U. S. each year. For reasons that are still unclear, women are two times more likely than men to be afflicted. Native Americans have the highest rates of gallstones in the U. S. because they have a genetic disposition to secrete high levels of cholesterol in bile (a contributing factor to gallstones.) Mexican- Americans also have high rates of gallstones. Gallstones are also more common in people over age 60, in those who are obese or have lost a lot of weight in a short amount of time, in those who have diabetes or sickle cell disease, and in women who have had multiple pregnancies and who take hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills.


Question: What should you know about gallstones?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } These deposits may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball; they may be hard or soft, smooth or jagged. You may have several gallstones or just one. Some 30 million American adults suffer from gallstones. Yet most of those who have the condition do not realize it. In this case, what you don't know probably won't hurt you; gallstones that are simply floating around inside the gallbladder generally cause no symptoms and no harm. These "silent" stones usually go unnoticed unless they show up in an ultrasound exam conducted for some other reason. However, the longer a stone exists in the gallbladder, the more likely it is to become problematic. People who have gallstones without symptoms have 20% chance of having an episode of pain during their lifetime. The primary function of the gallbladder is to store bile, a brown or yellowish fluid that helps the body break down fatty food.


Question: What are examples of commonly used prescription drugs associated with serious alcohol interactions?

Answer: These include medications used for: Allergies, colds, and flu Angina and coronary heart disease Anxiety and epilepsy Arthritis Blood clots Cough Depression Diabetes Enlarged prostate Heartburn and indigestion High blood pressure High cholesterol Infections Muscle pain Nausea and motion sickness Pain, fever, and inflammation Seizures Severe pain from injury, post-surgical care, oral surgery, and migraine Sleep problems Examples of commonly used prescription drugs associated with serious alcohol interactions include heart medications, which can cause rapid heartbeat and sudden changes in blood pressure; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), which can increase risk of heart attacks, strokes, ulcers and stomach bleeding; blood-thinning medications, which can lead to internal bleeding; and sleep medications, which can lead to impaired breathing, drowsiness, motor control, and unusual behavior.


Question: What are symptoms of Pompe disease for adults?

Answer: This could look like: Trouble eating and not gaining weight Poor head and neck control Rolling over and sitting up later than expected Breathing problems and lung infections Enlarged and thickening heart or heart defects Enlarged liver Enlarged tongue If you're older when symptoms start -- as late as an adult in your 60s -- it's known as late-onset Pompe disease. This type tends to move slowly, and it doesn't usually involve your heart. You might notice: Feeling weak in the legs, trunk, and arms Shortness of breath, a hard time exercising, and lung infections Trouble breathing while you sleep A big curve in your spine Enlarged liver Enlarged tongue that makes it hard to chew and swallow Stiff joints Many symptoms are similar to other medical conditions.


Question: How do myozyme and lumizyme work to help with Pompe disease?

Answer: Two medications replace the missing protein and help your body process sugar correctly. You take them by injection. Myozyme, for babies and children Lumizyme Living with Pompe disease can be challenging.


Question: What are symptoms of Pompe disease for babies?

Answer: A baby between a few months old and age 1 has early-onset, or infantile, Pompe disease. This could look like: Trouble eating and not gaining weight Poor head and neck control Rolling over and sitting up later than expected Breathing problems and lung infections Enlarged and thickening heart or heart defects Enlarged liver Enlarged tongue If you're older when symptoms start -- as late as an adult in your 60s -- it's known as late-onset Pompe disease.


Question: How can support groups help you with pompe disease?

Answer: Support groups can be a good source of practical tips, too. For example, if you have trouble eating, you can try adding thickeners to your food to make it safer to swallow. You might need to use a feeding tube to make sure you get enough nutrients.


Question: What is Pompe disease?

Answer: Pompe disease causes muscle weakness and trouble breathing. It mostly affects the liver, heart, and muscles. You might hear Pompe disease called by other names such as GAA deficiency or type II glycogen storage disease ( GSD).


Question: Where do you get Pompe disease?

Answer: You get Pompe disease from your parents. To get it, you have to inherit two flawed genes, one from each parent. You can have one gene and not have symptoms of the disease. What symptoms you have, when they start, and how much trouble they are can be very different for different people.


Question: What do you need to know about living with Pompe disease?

Answer: Myozyme, for babies and children Lumizyme Living with Pompe disease can be challenging. You and your family may want to see a counselor to help you come to terms with what's happening, especially as your abilities change. A support group can also be a safe place to share your feelings and find understanding.


Question: What do you need to know about Pompe disease?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you might have Pompe disease, it's often confirmed with these tests: Check a sample of muscle to see how much glycogen there is Check a blood sample to see how well the "bad" protein is working Look for the genetic problem that causes Pompe disease It can take about 3 months to diagnose Pompe disease in a baby.


Question: Where can you find more information about Pompe disease?

Answer: You can find more information and connect with other people who have Pompe disease through the web site of the Acid Maltase Deficiency Association.


Question: How do treatments affect people with Pompe disease?

Answer: Although it can happen to anyone, it's more common in African- American people and some Asian groups.


Question: What happens when Pompe disease shows up later in life?

Answer: This might include: A cardiologist (heart doctor) A neurologist, who treats the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles A respiratory therapist, who can help your lungs and breathing A nutritionist, who can help you eat to stay healthy Generally, the later in life the disease shows up, the slower it moves. Babies can be treated, but because their symptoms are more intense and progress quickly, they usually don't live for more than a year. With late-onset Pompe disease, the muscle weakness gets worse over time and will eventually lead to serious breathing problems, perhaps many years later.


Question: What should you ask your doctor after being diagnosed with Pompe disease?

Answer: What treatments are best for me now? Is there a clinical trial that would be good for me? Do these treatments have side effects? What can I do about them? How do we check on my progress? Are there new symptoms I should watch for? How often should I see you?


Question: What will the doctor ask you to figure out if you have Pompe disease symptoms?

Answer: You might notice: Feeling weak in the legs, trunk, and arms Shortness of breath, a hard time exercising, and lung infections Trouble breathing while you sleep A big curve in your spine Enlarged liver Enlarged tongue that makes it hard to chew and swallow Stiff joints Many symptoms are similar to other medical conditions. To help figure out what's going on, your doctor may ask: Do you feel weak, fall often, or have trouble walking, running, climbing stairs, or standing up? Do you have a hard time breathing, especially at night or when you lie down? Do you get headaches in the morning? Are you often tired during the day? When you were a child, what kinds of health problems did you have? Does or did anyone else in your family have troubles like these, too?


Question: What tests are done to diagnose Pompe disease?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you might have Pompe disease, it's often confirmed with these tests: Check a sample of muscle to see how much glycogen there is Check a blood sample to see how well the "bad" protein is working Look for the genetic problem that causes Pompe disease It can take about 3 months to diagnose Pompe disease in a baby. You might need to use a feeding tube to make sure you get enough nutrients.


Question: Which specialists can help you manage your symptoms of Pompe disease?

Answer: You can have one gene and not have symptoms of the disease. This might include: A cardiologist (heart doctor) A neurologist, who treats the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles A respiratory therapist, who can help your lungs and breathing A nutritionist, who can help you eat to stay healthy Generally, the later in life the disease shows up, the slower it moves.


Question: What is glucosamine?

Answer: There are two main types: hydrochloride and sulfate. The glucosamine in your body helps keep up the health of your cartilage -- the rubbery tissue that cushions bones at your joints. But as you get older, your levels of this compound begin to drop, which leads to the gradual breakdown of the joint.


Question: When is glucosamine useful?

Answer: Some studies show it gives relief for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, and it may work for other joints, too.


Question: How much glucosamine should you take?

Answer: Ask your doctor what he recommends for you. Some experts suggest you take it with meals to prevent an upset stomach.


Question: What does glucosamine do?

Answer: The glucosamine in your body helps keep up the health of your cartilage -- the rubbery tissue that cushions bones at your joints. But as you get older, your levels of this compound begin to drop, which leads to the gradual breakdown of the joint. There's some evidence that glucosamine sulfate supplements help counteract this effect, although experts aren't sure how.


Question: Can you get glucosamine naturally from foods?

Answer: Although glucosamine sulfate supplements are often manufactured from the shells of shellfish, there aren't any natural food sources of glucosamine.


Question: What are possible side effects of glucosamine?

Answer: If you're looking for a supplement that may ease your joint pain, glucosamine might be worth a try. You're more likely to get them if you take high doses. They may include things like: Upset stomach Heartburn Drowsiness Headache Risks.


Question: What will your doctor do if you swallowed an object by accident?

Answer: The doctor may order X-rays to locate the object in the body. The doctor may try to remove it. In most cases, swallowed objects pass through the system without causing injury or requiring surgery.


Question: What are conditions that can seem like food poisoning but aren't?

Answer: A host of other conditions can lead to many of the same symptoms of food poisoning. Most common is gastroenteritis, which is caused by a virus. Others include gallbladder problems, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. So figuring out if you have food poisoning is as much about the timing as it is about the symptoms themselves.


Question: When would you get blood tests if you have food poisoning?

Answer: Blood tests can detect the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and the hepatitis A virus. Specific blood tests can tell how sick you are by looking for inflammation and signs that you're dehydrated.


Question: How can blood tests help check for food poisoning?

Answer: But they aren't always necessary and don't confirm every case. Blood tests may be ordered if your doctor thinks the infection has spread into the blood. Blood tests can detect the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and the hepatitis A virus. Specific blood tests can tell how sick you are by looking for inflammation and signs that you're dehydrated. Stool or blood tests can check for toxins, such as for botulism, which can be deadly.


Question: What are delayed symptoms of food poisoning?

Answer: Dehydration can make you dizzy when you stand up. But different organisms work at different speeds. For example, Staphylococcus aureus can give you cramps, diarrhea, and nausea in as little as 30 minutes after you eat or drink. This bacterium grows in meats, eggs, and cream that haven't been refrigerated properly. Another, far less common, cause of foodborne illness is the hepatitis A virus. It can lie in wait as long as 50 days before making itself known. You can get the virus through foods and drinks that have been in contact with sewage water. You're more likely to get the virus when traveling in developing countries.


Question: What conditions can look like food poisoning?

Answer: Dehydration can make you dizzy when you stand up. A host of other conditions can lead to many of the same symptoms of food poisoning. Most common is gastroenteritis, which is caused by a virus. Others include gallbladder problems, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.


Question: How can stool cultures help check for food poisoning?

Answer: Stool cultures are the most common lab test for food poisoning. Your doctor may order one if you have a fever or intense stomach pain along with other symptoms. She may also order one if you have symptoms that linger. A sample of your stool can help tell if your sickness is related to bacteria. Stool tests aren't always accurate, and they can take several days to come back. Stool or blood tests can check for toxins, such as for botulism, which can be deadly. A host of other conditions can lead to many of the same symptoms of food poisoning.


Question: What other treatments are available for men with diabetes and erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Additional treatments men with diabetes might want to consider include intracavernous injection therapy, vacuum erection (not constriction) devices, venous constriction devices (for venous leak syndrome), intraurethral therapy, penile prostheses (inflatable and malleable), and sex therapy.


Question: What treatments are available for men with diabetes and erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Men with diabetes having trouble with achieving and/or maintaining an erection can take oral medications like sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra), tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis), avanafil ( Stendra), or vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn). However, because people with diabetes also tend to have problems with their heart, these medications may not be appropriate and could cause dangerous interactions with some heart medicines. Talk to your doctor to determine what treatment is best. Additional treatments men with diabetes might want to consider include intracavernous injection therapy, vacuum erection (not constriction) devices, venous constriction devices (for venous leak syndrome), intraurethral therapy, penile prostheses (inflatable and malleable), and sex therapy.


Question: Are there treatments available for men with diabetes and erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Men with diabetes having trouble with achieving and/or maintaining an erection can take oral medications like sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra), tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis), avanafil ( Stendra), or vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn). However, because people with diabetes also tend to have problems with their heart, these medications may not be appropriate and could cause dangerous interactions with some heart medicines. Talk to your doctor to determine what treatment is best.


Question: Does Avastin (bevacizumab) cure colon cancer?

Answer: But Avastin makes chemotherapy work better. A: Avastin is approved for the treatment of cancer of the colon or rectum that has spread to other parts of the body. It must be given along with chemotherapy that includes a drug called 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) or capecitabine ( Xeloda).


Question: Does a person taking Avastin (bevacizumab) still need chemotherapy?

Answer: A: Avastin doesn't work all by itself. Chemotherapy is still needed. But Avastin makes chemotherapy work better.


Question: Can skipping meals trigger a migraine headache?

Answer: Everyday things can trigger a migraine headache -- foods, drinks, exercise, medications, stress, too much or too little sleep, bright lights, hunger, smells, and hormones, to name a few. Chances are, the items that get the most checks are your triggers.


Question: What are home care measures for genital herpes?

Answer: First, simple self-care may be enough to relieve most discomfort caused by genital herpes. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen, can help ease the pain of herpes symptoms. Doctors sometimes recommend soaking the affected area in warm water. But the area should be kept dry most of the time. If toweling off after bathing is uncomfortable, try using a hair dryer. Then put on cotton underwear. Cotton absorbs moisture better than synthetic fabric does.


Question: What do physical therapists specialize in?

Answer: It uses exercise and other methods to stimulate muscles, bones, and joints. It's a good idea to work with a therapist, whether you've had RA for a long time, you're newly diagnosed, and no matter how severe it is.


Question: How can physical therapy help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: It uses exercise and other methods to stimulate muscles, bones, and joints. It's a good idea to work with a therapist, whether you've had RA for a long time, you're newly diagnosed, and no matter how severe it is. In the early stages of the disease, your physical therapist can check on your strength, fitness, and how well your joints work. She'll make an exercise plan to keep your joints as healthy as possible. If you have moderate or advanced rheumatoid arthritis, physical therapy can help you keep or improve your strength and flexibility.


Question: What other things can help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: If you have moderate or advanced rheumatoid arthritis, physical therapy can help you keep or improve your strength and flexibility. Assistive devices are products or improvements that make common tasks easier.


Question: What is vascular dementia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Vascular dementia, also known as multi-infarct dementia is the second most common cause of dementia in older people. Because it has a lower profile than Alzheimer's, many people don't suspect vascular dementia when forgetfulness becomes problematic. It's also difficult to diagnose so it's difficult to know exactly how many people suffer from vascular dementia.


Question: How are symptoms of vascular dementia different from Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: They may include: Problems with short-term memory Wandering or getting lost in familiar surroundings Laughing or crying at inappropriate times Trouble concentrating, planning, or following through on activities Trouble managing money Inability to follow instructions Loss of bladder or bowel control Hallucinations or delusions Symptoms that suddenly get worse often signal a stroke. Doctors look for symptoms that progress in noticeable stages to diagnose vascular dementia. Alzheimer's, by comparison, progresses at a slow, steady pace. Another clue is impaired coordination or balance. In vascular dementia, problems walking or balancing can happen early. With Alzheimer's, these symptoms usually occur late in the disease.


Question: What causes vascular dementia?

Answer: Vascular dementia occurs when vessels that supply blood to the brain become blocked or narrowed. Strokes take place when the supply of blood carrying oxygen to the brain is suddenly cut off. However, not all people with stroke will develop vascular dementia. Vascular dementia can occur over time as "silent" strokes pile up. Quite often, vascular dementia draws attention to itself only when the impact of so many strokes adds up to significant disability.


Question: What is the outlook for people with vascular dementia?

Answer: If the conditions that cause vascular dementia go untreated, the prognosis is not good. A person with vascular dementia may seem to improve for periods of time until another stroke takes away more brain function, memory, and independence. Eventually, untreated vascular dementia usually ends in death from stroke, heart disease, or infection. Although vascular dementia is a serious condition, catching it early and preventing further damage are the best medicine. People with vascular dementia can work with their doctors and families to detect and manage the condition.


Question: What is the treatment for vascular dementia?

Answer: Currently, no available treatments can repair the damage of vascular dementia once it's happened. Nonetheless, diagnosis provides important knowledge and the opportunity to prevent further damage. Prevention typically involves bringing high blood pressure under control through exercise, diet, and medication. The same goes for diabetes if it exists. Patients should stop smoking and curb the use of alcohol.


Question: Why is somatic symptom disorder a difficult diagnosis?

Answer: Doctors need to perform many tests to rule out other possible causes before diagnosing SSD. The diagnosis of SSD can create a lot of stress and frustration for patients. They may feel unsatisfied if there's no better physical explanation for their symptoms or if they are told their level of distress about a physical illness is excessive. Stress often leads patients to become more worried about their health, and this creates a vicious cycle that can persist for years.


Question: What is conversion disorder?

Answer: This condition is diagnosed when people have neurological symptoms that can't be traced back to a medical cause. For example, patients may have symptoms such as: Weakness or paralysis Abnormal movements (such as tremor, unsteady gait, or seizures) Blindness Hearing loss Loss of sensation or numbness Stress usually makes symptoms of conversion disorder worse.


Question: Does a headache mean you have brain cancer?

Answer: Seek emergency medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Unexplained, persistent vomiting Double vision or unexplained blurring of vision, especially on only one side Lethargy or increased sleepiness New seizures New pattern or type of headaches Although headaches are thought to be a common symptom of brain cancer, they may not occur until late in the progression of the disease. If any significant change in your headache pattern occurs, your health care provider may suggest that you go the hospital.


Question: What are symptoms of brain cancer?

Answer: The symptoms of brain cancer are numerous and not specific to brain tumors, meaning they can be caused by many other illnesses. The following symptoms are most common: Headache Weakness Clumsiness Difficulty walking Seizures Other nonspecific symptoms and signs include the following: Altered mental status -- changes in concentration, memory, attention, or alertness Nausea, vomiting Abnormalities in vision Difficulty with speech Gradual changes in intellectual capacity or emotional response In many people, the onset of these symptoms is very gradual and may be missed by both the person with the brain tumor and the family. In some instances, the person acts as if he or she is having a stroke. Seek emergency medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Unexplained, persistent vomiting Double vision or unexplained blurring of vision, especially on only one side Lethargy or increased sleepiness New seizures New pattern or type of headaches Although headaches are thought to be a common symptom of brain cancer, they may not occur until late in the progression of the disease.


Question: What is metatarsalgia?

Answer: The term describes pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot. It is often thought of as a symptom of other conditions, rather than as a specific disease. Frequency In the U. S., forefoot injuries, including metatarsalgia, are common in athletes who participate in high-impact sports.


Question: How is metatarsalgia diagnosed?

Answer: X-rays may be helpful in excluding other causes of forefoot pain. A bone scan can pinpoint places of inflammation. Ultrasound can help identify conditions such as bursitis or Morton neuroma that can be causing pain in the metatarsal region of the foot. The doctor may also ask for an MRI to help detect and diagnose many causes of pain in the metatarsal and midfoot regions. These can include traumatic disorders, circulatory conditions, arthritis, neuroarthropathies, and conditions that result in biomechanical imbalance.


Question: What medications are used in the recovery phase of metatarsalgia?

Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, are useful; however, they rarely provide a long-term solution.


Question: What can make someone more likely to have forefoot problems?

Answer: The following factors can contribute to excessive localized pressure over the forefoot: High level of activity Prominent metatarsal heads Tight toe extensors (muscles) Weak toe flexors (muscles) Hammertoe deformity Hypermobile first foot bone Tight Achilles tendon Excessive pronation (side-to-side movement of the foot when walking or running) Ill-fitting footwear Some anatomical conditions may predispose individuals to forefoot problems. They include: A high arch A short first metatarsal bone or a long second metatarsal bone is often seen in people with a Morton toe; the normal forefoot balance is disturbed, resulting in the shift of an increased amount of weight to the second metatarsal.


Question: How common is metatarsalgia?

Answer: Frequency In the U. S., forefoot injuries, including metatarsalgia, are common in athletes who participate in high-impact sports.


Question: What does C. difficile cause?

Answer: An infection with C. difficile bacteria causes severe and sometimes life-threatening diarrhea and inflammation in the colon, called colitis. Probiotics may keep you from getting this germ. And there's some evidence they might stop the problem from coming back. That's important, since repeat infections become hard to control. Scientists have done many studies of Saccharomyces boulardii against this type of bacteria. It appears to help, especially when combined with lactobacillus strains.


Question: How do probiotics help inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Answer: Some studies show probiotics may also help treat Crohn's disease, the other form of IBD, but the results aren't as strong.


Question: Where can I find probiotics?

Answer: You can find probiotics in certain foods, like yogurt, and they also come in the form of supplements. Look for probiotics with a specific type of bacteria that's been tested and found to work. Make sure the product has a Good Manufacturing Practices ( GMP) seal. Choose products that say that they still work "through end of shelf life" rather than "at time of manufacture."


Question: How can probiotics help stomach problems?

Answer: But diarrhea can throw the microbes in your gut off balance. Probiotics may help get things back on track. You can find probiotics in certain foods, like yogurt, and they also come in the form of supplements. Not all probiotics can ease diarrhea, though, and some help only certain types of diarrhea. This can upset the normal balance in your intestines, leading to diarrhea. When you're away from home, you may get diarrhea when you eat or drink contaminated food or water.


Question: What types of exercise can you do with COPD?

Answer: Among the exercises you can do are: Stretching. You can do stretches as an exercise or use them as a warm-up and cool-down before and after exercise. Stretches improve flexibility, prevent injury, and get your heart pumping. This doesn't have to be a high-intensity workout. A 30-minute walk or swim a few times a week can boost the amount of oxygen in your system. Resistance. Strength exercises -- which you can do with exercise bands, weights, or even working against your own muscle resistance (isometrics) -- build muscles and ease breathing.


Question: What are diet tips for COPD?

Answer: Follow a high-fiber diet -- about 20 to 35 grams a day -- with vegetables, fruits, whole grains, bran, and pasta. Some other nutrition tips to remember: Keep a good body weight. Cut the salt, and drink plenty of fluids. To keep energy levels high, eat lots of small meals instead of one big one, avoid junk-food snacks, and do some light exercise before you eat.


Question: What breathing exercises help COPD?

Answer: There are two key breathing exercises you should try: Pursed-lips breathing. Breathe in through your nose for 2 seconds. This exercise slows your breathing, keeps your airways open, and helps boost oxygen. Abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing. Put one hand on your heart and the other on your stomach. Inhale through your nose, making sure your stomach expands. Slowly breathe out through pursed lips, pressing on your belly.


Question: How do allergy shots for insect stings work?

Answer: Allergy shots for insect stings put tiny amounts of the allergen (you may hear it called âinsect venomâ) into your body over time. Your body gets used to the allergen, and if you get stung again, you won't have such a bad reaction.


Question: What are side effects of allergy shots for insect stings?

Answer: If allergy shots are right for you, your doctor will first test to find out which insects you're allergic to. You may have some redness and warmth at the injection site. You could also have: Itching Hives Swelling of the skin In rare cases, allergy shots can cause a more serious or even life-threatening reaction. For that reason, you'll get your shots at your doctor's office. Allergy shots aren't for everyone.


Question: What are symptoms of heart valve disease?

Answer: Arrhythmia symptoms may include: Palpitations (a feeling of skipped heart beats, fluttering or "flip-flops," or feeling that your heart is "running away") Pounding in your chest Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting Shortness of breath Chest discomfort Weakness or fatigue Symptoms of heart valve disease may include: Shortness of breath and/or difficulty catching your breath Weakness or dizziness Fainting Discomfort in your chest during an activity Palpitations that may feel like a rapid heart rhythm, irregular heartbeat, skipped beats or a flip-flop feeling in your chest If valve disease causes heart failure, symptoms may include: Swelling of your ankles, feet, or abdomen Quick weight gain (a weight gain of two or three pounds in one day is possible) Symptoms do not always relate to the seriousness of your valve disease.


Question: What are symptoms of arrhythmias?

Answer: Arrhythmia symptoms may include: Palpitations (a feeling of skipped heart beats, fluttering or "flip-flops," or feeling that your heart is "running away") Pounding in your chest Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting Shortness of breath Chest discomfort Weakness or fatigue Symptoms of heart valve disease may include: Shortness of breath and/or difficulty catching your breath Weakness or dizziness Fainting Discomfort in your chest during an activity Palpitations that may feel like a rapid heart rhythm, irregular heartbeat, skipped beats or a flip-flop feeling in your chest If valve disease causes heart failure, symptoms may include: Swelling of your ankles, feet, or abdomen Quick weight gain (a weight gain of two or three pounds in one day is possible) Symptoms do not always relate to the seriousness of your valve disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack (myocardial infarction)?

Answer: Shortness of breath Palpitations (irregular heart beats, skipped beats, or a "flip-flop" feeling in your chest) Rapid heartbeat Weakness or dizziness Nausea Sweating Symptoms of a heart attack may include: Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest or left arm Fullness, indigestion, or a choking feeling (may feel like heartburn) Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, or arm Sweating, nausea, vomiting, or dizziness Extreme weakness, anxiety, or shortness of breath Rapid or irregular heartbeats Heart attack symptoms usually last 30 minutes or longer, and are not relieved by rest or by taking a form of heart medication called nitroglycerin.


Question: What are symptoms of congenital heart disease in adults?

Answer: In adults, if symptoms of congenital heart disease are present, they may include: Shortness of breath Limited ability to exercise Symptoms of heart failure (see above) or valve disease (see above) Symptoms of congenital heart disease in infants and children may include: Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, fingernails, and lips) Fast breathing and poor feeding Poor weight gain Recurrent lung infections Inability to exercise Many people with heart muscle disease have no symptoms or only minor symptoms and live a normal life.


Question: What are symptoms of heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)?

Answer: Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can occur at any age and may include: Chest pain or pressure (occurs usually with exercise or physical activity, but can also occur with rest or after meals) Heart failure symptoms (see above) Swelling of the lower extremities Fatigue Fainting Palpitations (fluttering in the chest due to abnormal heart rhythms) Sudden death can occur in a small number of people with cardiomyopathy.


Question: What are symptoms of pericarditis?

Answer: When present, symptoms of pericarditis may include: Chest pain. This pain is different from angina. It may be sharp and located in the center of the chest. The pain may radiate to the neck and occasionally, the arms and back. It is made worse by lying down, coughing, swallowing, or taking a deep breath, and is relieved by sitting forward. Low-grade fever Increased heart rate You experience unusual chest pain, particularly if it persists or recurs.


Question: What are the symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer: At first, PCP may cause only mild symptoms or none at all. Fever (it's usually low-grade if you have HIV, higher temperature if you don't) Dry cough or wheezing Shortness of breath, especially when you're active Fatigue Chest pain when you breathe Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and HIV or a weakened immune system, because PCP can be fatal.


Question: What is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people with HIV?

Answer: Before we had medicine to treat HIV, about 3/4 of HIV-positive people who developed AIDS got PCP. Antiretroviral therapy ( ART) has prevented HIV-infected people from developing AIDS, and among persons who have developed AIDS, additional preventive therapy has brought this number way down. However, PCP is still the most common opportunistic infection in persons who get AIDS. You're most likely to get PCP when your CD4 cell count is less than 200. PCP patients with HIV are eight times more likely to be hospitalized. People with AIDS can die from it, even though they get treatment.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer: Usually, a lab technician will look at the fluid or tissue from your lungs with a microscope to find traces of the fungus. Your doctor will get a sample by helping you cough up stuff or by using a special tool called a bronchoscope that goes into your airways through your mouth. Or your doctor can do a biopsy, taking a needle or a knife to remove a tiny bit of cells from your lung. A test called PCR (polymerase chain reaction) makes copies of specific pieces of DNA, so it can find smaller amounts of the fungus in samples. You might also get a chest X-ray, or blood tests to check for low oxygen levels.


Question: When do you need medications for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer: Before your CD4 cell count drops or you get sick, you can also take the same medication that treats PCP, but with different doses and timing. Your doctor may recommend this when: You've had PCP before. Your CD4 count is below 200.. You're taking drugs that suppress your immune system. If you get PCP, your doctor may want you to keep taking medicine after your PCP clears up so you don't get it again. When your CD4 count goes over 200 and stays there for at least 3 months, it may be OK to stop.


Question: What is the treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer: Most often, doctors prescribe a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, or TMP/ SMX ( Bactrim, Cotrim, or Septra). Depending how sick you are, you'll get this in pills or through a needle in your vein (by IV) at the hospital. Other drugs your doctor might prescribe to fight the infection include: Dapsone ( Aczone), sometimes with pyrimethamine ( Daraprim) Pentamidine ( Nubu Pent, Pentam) that you breathe in through a machine called a nebulizer, maybe in a doctor's office or a clinic ( You could also get a shot if your infection is serious.) Atovaquone ( Mepron) in a liquid that you take with food Corticosteroids can help when your PCP is moderate to severe and you have low oxygen levels.


Question: How can pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) be prevented?

Answer: Fever (it's usually low-grade if you have HIV, higher temperature if you don't) Dry cough or wheezing Shortness of breath, especially when you're active Fatigue Chest pain when you breathe Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and HIV or a weakened immune system, because PCP can be fatal. There's no vaccine to prevent this type of pneumonia. The best way to prevent PCP when you have HIV is to keep up with your ART, because it raises your CD4 count.


Question: What is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

Answer: Most people have successfully fought it by the time they're 3 or 4 years old. PCP isn't hard to prevent. A healthy immune system can easily control it. But it can make people with weakened immune systems, such as someone with HIV, very sick. People who've gotten an organ transplant, with blood cancers, or who take drugs for autoimmume diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis could get it, too. Although it's rare, PCP can also affect other parts of your body, including lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. However, PCP is still the most common opportunistic infection in persons who get AIDS. Your doctor will get a sample by helping you cough up stuff or by using a special tool called a bronchoscope that goes into your airways through your mouth. Other drugs your doctor might prescribe to fight the infection include: Dapsone ( Aczone), sometimes with pyrimethamine ( Daraprim) Pentamidine ( Nubu Pent, Pentam) that you breathe in through a machine called a nebulizer, maybe in a doctor's office or a clinic ( You could also get a shot if your infection is serious.)


Question: Can you easily feel an irregular heartbeat caused by atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Fact: Some people with AFib -- a quivering or uneven heartbeat -- have no symptoms or they're not very noticeable. You may feel your heart race or flutter, or you might feel dizzy or lightheaded. Some people also feel short of breath, anxious, or more tired than usual. A heart test called an electrocardiogram ( EKG) can help your doctor know if you have it.


Question: Can I have caffeine if I have Afib?

Answer: Fact: One to three cups of coffee or tea a day should be fine. Don't load your coffee with sugar or creamy toppings, though. Those make it harder to control your weight, and obesity can make AFib worse.


Question: What are signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults?

Answer: The signs of hair loss and hair conditions in men may include: Thinning hair on the scalp A receding hairline A horseshoe-shaped pattern that leaves the crown of the head exposed Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in women may include: General hair thinning, especially at the crown of the head Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults may include: Sudden loss of patches of hair Complete loss of all hair on the body Patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Excessive shedding of hair, but not complete baldness, after various illnesses and drug treatments, rapid weight loss, anemia, or stress You or your child have a sudden loss of patches of hair Your child has patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Your child is rubbing or pulling out his or her hair You or your child suffer an unexplained loss of hair on any part of the body


Question: How does hair loss differ in men and women?

Answer: The signs of hair loss and hair conditions in men may include: Thinning hair on the scalp A receding hairline A horseshoe-shaped pattern that leaves the crown of the head exposed Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in women may include: General hair thinning, especially at the crown of the head Signs of hair loss and hair conditions in children and young adults may include: Sudden loss of patches of hair Complete loss of all hair on the body Patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Excessive shedding of hair, but not complete baldness, after various illnesses and drug treatments, rapid weight loss, anemia, or stress You or your child have a sudden loss of patches of hair Your child has patches of broken hairs and incomplete hair loss on the scalp and/or eyebrows Your child is rubbing or pulling out his or her hair You or your child suffer an unexplained loss of hair on any part of the body


Question: How is paraphilia treated?

Answer: Most cases of paraphilia are treated with counseling and therapy to help the person modify his or her behavior. Medications may help to decrease the compulsiveness associated with paraphilia and reduce the number of deviant sexual fantasies and behaviors. In some cases, hormones are prescribed for individuals who experience frequent occurrences of abnormal or dangerous sexual behavior.


Question: What is transvestitism?

Answer: Transvestitism Transvestitism, or transvestic fetishism, refers to the practice by heterosexual males of dressing in female clothes to produce or enhance sexual arousal. The sexual arousal usually does not involve a real partner but includes the fantasy that the individual is the female partner as well. Some men wear only one special piece of female clothing, such as underwear, while others fully dress as female, including hair style and make-up.


Question: What is frotteurism?

Answer: Frotteurism With this problem, the focus of the person's sexual urges is on touching or rubbing his or her genitals against the body of a non-consenting, unfamiliar person. In most cases of frotteurism, a male rubs his genital area against a female, often in a crowded public location. The contact made with the other person is illegal.


Question: What is exhibitionism?

Answer: Exhibitionism (" Flashing") Exhibitionism involves someone exposing his or her genitals to an unsuspecting stranger. The individual with this problem, sometimes called a "flasher," feels a need to surprise, shock, or impress his or her victims. The condition is usually limited to the exposure with no other harmful advances being made. Nevertheless, "indecent exposure" is illegal.


Question: What is sexual masochism?

Answer: Sexual Masochism Individuals with this disorder use the act -- real, not simulated -- of being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer in order to achieve sexual excitement and climax. These acts may be limited to verbal humiliation, or they may involve being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused. Masochists may act out their fantasies on themselves by such acts as cutting or piercing their skin or burning themselves. Or they may seek out a partner who enjoys inflicting pain or humiliation on others.


Question: What causes paraphilia?

Answer: It is not clear what causes paraphilia. Some experts believe it is caused by a childhood trauma, such as sexual abuse. Others suggest that objects or situations can become sexually arousing if they are frequently and repeatedly associated with a pleasurable sexual activity. In most cases, the individual with a paraphilia has difficulty developing personal and sexual relationships with others.


Question: How common are paraphilias?

Answer: Most paraphilias are rare and are about 20 times more common among males than among females. However, the reason for this disparity is not clearly understood. While several of these disorders are associated with aggressive behavior, others are not aggressive or harmful.


Question: What are exclusive pedophiles?

Answer: Sadomasochistic fantasies and activities are not uncommon among consenting adults.


Question: What is voyeurism?

Answer: Voyeurism (" Peeping Tom") This disorder involves achieving sexual arousal by observing an unsuspecting and non-consenting person who is undressing or unclothed or engaged in sexual activity. This behavior may conclude with masturbation by the voyeur. The voyeur does not seek sexual contact with the person he or she is observing.


Question: What are paraphilias?

Answer: Paraphilias are abnormal sexual behaviors or impulses characterized by intense sexual fantasies and urges that keep coming back. The urges and behaviors may involve unusual objects, activities, or situations that are not usually considered sexually arousing by others.


Question: What is pedophilia?

Answer: Pedophilia People with pedophilia have fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve illegal sexual activity with a child or children. The children involved are generally 13 years of age or younger.


Question: What is sexual sadism?

Answer: Sexual Sadism Individuals with this disorder have persistent fantasies in which sexual excitement results from inflicting psychological or physical suffering (including humiliation and terror) on a sexual partner. This disorder is different from minor acts of aggression in normal sexual activity -- for example, rough sex.


Question: When does my baby need an eye exam ASAP?

Answer: During this first year, be on the lookout for signs of eye or vision problems: Strabismus: His eyes aren't aligned and don't move together. Nystagmus: His eyes seem to jump or wiggle around longer than after the first 3 months Any eye injury or physical change that concerns you. Any sign that his sight isn't developing properly.


Question: Why does my baby need all these follow-up exams?

Answer: The eye exam your baby had at birth is a great start -- but it's only a start. If he has problems, you'll want to find them during the first year so treatment can start while his eyes are still developing.


Question: What should a well-baby visit include?

Answer: Every well-baby visit should include: A family history of eye health or vision problems. A penlight exam of eyelids and eyeballs: Are his pupils the same size? Are his eyelids firm, not droopy? Is there any sign of infection, disease, tearing problems, or allergy? Do his eyes, lids, and lashes appear normal? Eye movement check (each eye and both together): How well does your baby follow an object (often a toy) as the doctor moves it about? Both eyes should respond the same. If not, there could be a problem. Light reaction test: You'll take your baby into a darkened room so his pupils can open up. That gives the doctor a better view inside his eyes. The doctor will use a tool to look for a red reflex in your baby's eyes. He'll check them one at a time and then together. An abnormal response could signal problems like cataracts or tumors.


Question: What should the doctor examine my baby for at 6 months of age?

Answer: At every routine doctor visit during the first year, your baby should be checked by his regular pediatrician to make sure: Each eye focuses His eyes are straight He doesn't have an internal eye disease If you catch and treat eye conditions early, you'll spare your child lifelong vision issues and boost his overall health.


Question: What should I do before I get an eye exam for my child?

Answer: Does your baby really need an eye exam in his first year? Check your health plan for a list of eye doctors in your area.


Question: Does my child need an eye exam in his first year?

Answer: If your baby is premature and born in less that 34 weeks, has a family history of cataracts, eye tumors, and other inherited diseases, a specialist should check him while he's still in the hospital nursery. At every routine doctor visit during the first year, your baby should be checked by his regular pediatrician to make sure: Each eye focuses His eyes are straight He doesn't have an internal eye disease If you catch and treat eye conditions early, you'll spare your child lifelong vision issues and boost his overall health. Your baby's doctor (a pediatrician or family doctor) should include a basic eye exam and look for vision problems during each checkup in the first year.


Question: What should I expect for my baby's eye exams during the first year?

Answer: Does your baby really need an eye exam in his first year? Check your health plan for a list of eye doctors in your area. Every well-baby visit should include: A family history of eye health or vision problems. Although most doctors know how to check babies' and children's eyes, yours may suggest your child get another exam, even if he doesn't find vision problems. Experts have different opinions on vision screening for children. Ask your doctor what's right for you.


Question: What is rheumatic fever?

Answer: A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. The main symptoms -- fever, muscle aches, swollen and painful joints, and in some cases, a red, lattice-like rash -- typically begin two to four weeks after a bout of strep. In some cases, though, the infection may have been too mild to have been recognized.


Question: How common is rheumatic fever?

Answer: A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. In recent years, though, it has begun to make a comeback in the U. S., particularly among children living in poor, inner-city neighborhoods. The disease tends to strike most often in cool, damp weather during the winter and early spring. In the U. S., it is most common in the northern states.


Question: What are types of digoxin?

Answer: Types of digoxin include: Digoxin ( Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps, Digitek) Digitoxin ( Crystodigin) Digoxin is usually taken once a day.


Question: What are some general guidelines for taking digoxin?

Answer: While taking this drug, your doctor may tell you to take and record your pulse daily. He or she will tell you how rapid your pulse should be. If your pulse is slower than recommended, contact your doctor about taking digoxin that day. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so your response to the drug can be monitored. You may have electrocardiograms ( ECGs) and blood tests, and your dose may be adjusted. This medication may cause drowsiness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.


Question: What diet should you follow while taking digoxin?

Answer: Follow your doctor's dietary advice, which may include: following a low-sodium diet, taking a potassium supplement, or including high-potassium foods (such as bananas and orange juice) in your diet.


Question: What should you be aware of if you are taking diuretics with digoxin?

Answer: If you experience an increase in side effects after taking your medications together, contact your doctor. You may need to change the times you are taking each medication.


Question: What kind of testing is needed before getting allergy shots for asthma, and what kinds of allergens do they cover?

Answer: It will probably involve skin testing, in which a small amount of the allergen is scraped onto or injected under your skin. Allergy shots aren't available for every kind of allergy. Allergy shots for asthma include shots for: Pollen Mold Dander Dust mites Cockroaches Once you and your doctor have discovered which allergens affect you, the next step is to get the shots.


Question: How often can I get allergy shots for asthma?

Answer: Allergy shots for asthma include shots for: Pollen Mold Dander Dust mites Cockroaches Once you and your doctor have discovered which allergens affect you, the next step is to get the shots. The frequency of the injections varies, but you might get them once or twice a week for the first three to six months -- or until you reach the maximum dose. After that, you might only need maintenance injections every two to four weeks. This might continue for three to five years. Although some people feel asthma symptom relief from their allergy injections quickly, it may take up to a year for others. In some people, allergy shots have no effect.


Question: How do allergy shots for asthma work?

Answer: Allergy shots are one type of treatment for asthma that may benefit those with allergies and asthma that is triggered by allergies, called allergic asthma. Also called immunotherapy, allergy shots are not an asthma cure like an injection of antibiotics might cure an infection. Instead, allergy shots work a bit more like a vaccine. Allergy shots for asthma actually contain a very small amount of an allergen (something you're allergic to). Over time, the dose is increased. By exposing you to greater and greater amounts of the allergen, your body is likely to develop a tolerance to it. If the treatment goes well, your allergic reaction will become much less severe. Allergy shots can reduce the symptoms of allergies and prevent the development of asthma.


Question: What are risks of getting allergy shots for asthma?

Answer: It may not be safe for people who have uncontrolled asthma or other health conditions, such as heart disease. It may also not be a good idea for people taking certain medications, such as beta-blockers. Allergy shots for asthma are not used in children who are under age 5. The most common side effects are redness and swelling at the site of the injection. Very rarely, allergy injections can even lead to anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. This is why you should always get these shots in the presence of experts who can control any adverse reactions in the event of an asthma emergency.


Question: How is cancer-related pain typically treated?

Answer: Pain-relieving drugs are the most common treatment option. For mild aches, over-the-counter pain meds such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can work well. But check with your health care team before you take any to make sure they won't affect the way your cancer medicines work. For more severe pain, your doctor may prescribe a prescription painkiller, usually an opioid or narcotic drug like codeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone.


Question: What should I do if I am having cancer pain?

Answer: If one approach doesn't work, you and your doctor can try others until you find relief. There are plenty of non-medical ways to ease your aches, too. Or you can use them on their own to get relief. Talk to your doctor or nurse about what you can do to feel better.


Question: Does cancer cause pain?

Answer: It can come from the disease itself, like when a tumor presses on a nerve. Treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation can also cause it. But whatever the reason, there's almost always a way to treat it. You don't have to live with pain either from cancer or from one of your treatments.


Question: Are there nonmedical options for treating cancer-related pain?

Answer: You're more likely to get a good handle on the problem if you tackle it early. There are many different ways to treat pain. You may need to try a few different methods to find one that works for you. And being pain-free can actually make your other cancer treatments more effective.


Question: How common is nerve damage?

Answer: The various types may have different symptoms and may require different types of treatment. It is estimated that about 20 million Americans suffers from peripheral nerve damage. This type of damage becomes increasingly common with age. Up to 70% of people with diabetes have some nerve damage.


Question: What are the types of nerves in the body?

Answer: There are three types of nerves in the body: Autonomic nerves. These nerves control the involuntary or partially voluntary activities of your body, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and temperature regulation. Motor nerves. These nerves control your movements and actions by passing information from your brain and spinal cord to your muscles. Sensory nerves. These nerves relay information from your skin and muscles back to your spinal cord and brain. The information is then processed to let you feel pain and other sensations.


Question: What medications are used to treat nerve damage?

Answer: This may mean: Regulating blood sugar levels for people with diabetes Correcting nutritional deficiencies Changing medications when drugs are causing nerve damage Physical therapy or surgery to address compression or trauma to nerves Medications to treat autoimmune conditions Additionally, your doctor may prescribe medications aimed at minimizing the nerve pain you are feeling. These may include: Pain relievers Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and desipramine ( Norpramin), as well as other antidepressants, including duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Certain anti-seizure drugs Capsaicin cream Complementary and alternative approaches may also help alleviate your nerve pain and discomfort.


Question: How do you know if your nerve damage is caused by drug side effects and toxic substances?

Answer: Various substances that are taken into the body intentionally or unintentionally have the ability to cause nerve pain and nerve damage. These include medications, such as some chemotherapies for cancer and certain drugs used to treat HIV. Toxic substances that may be ingested accidentally, including lead, arsenic, and mercury, may also cause damage to your nerves.


Question: What are symptoms of damage to motor nerves?

Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.


Question: How do you know if your nerve damage is caused by motor neuron diseases?

Answer: The motor neurons are nerves in your brain and spinal column that communicate with the muscles throughout your body. Diseases that affect these nerves, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, can result in progressively worsening nerve damage.


Question: What are other ways to manage nerve pain?

Answer: These may include: Pain relievers Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and desipramine ( Norpramin), as well as other antidepressants, including duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Certain anti-seizure drugs Capsaicin cream Complementary and alternative approaches may also help alleviate your nerve pain and discomfort. These include: Acupuncture Biofeedback Hypnosis Meditation Antioxidant vitamins Electrical nerve stimulation such as TENS


Question: What are symptoms of sensory nerve damage?

Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.


Question: How do autoimmune diseases cause nerve damage?

Answer: A variety of different types of autoimmune diseases can produce symptoms of nerve pain and nerve damage. These include: multiple sclerosis, Guillain- BarrÃ© syndrome (a rare condition in which the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves), myasthenia gravis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease.


Question: Is it possible to have symptoms of nerve damage to different types of nerves?

Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves. For instance, you might experience weakness and burning of your legs at the same time.


Question: What kind of compression/trauma can cause nerve damage?

Answer: Anything that results in trauma or compression of nerves can result in nerve pain and nerve damage. This includes pinched nerves in the neck, crush injuries, and carpal tunnel syndrome.


Question: What are symptoms of motor nerve damage?

Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.


Question: Can nutritional deficiencies cause nerve damage?

Answer: Deficiencies of certain nutrients, including vitamins B6 and B12, may produce symptoms of nerve pain and nerve damage, including weakness or burning sensations. Nutritional deficiencies that cause nerve damage may also result from excessive alcohol ingestion or develop after gastric surgery.


Question: What medications exist for nerve damage or pain?

Answer: This may mean: Regulating blood sugar levels for people with diabetes Correcting nutritional deficiencies Changing medications when drugs are causing nerve damage Physical therapy or surgery to address compression or trauma to nerves Medications to treat autoimmune conditions Additionally, your doctor may prescribe medications aimed at minimizing the nerve pain you are feeling. These may include: Pain relievers Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and desipramine ( Norpramin), as well as other antidepressants, including duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) Certain anti-seizure drugs Capsaicin cream Complementary and alternative approaches may also help alleviate your nerve pain and discomfort.


Question: Can infectious diseases cause nerve damage?

Answer: Certain infectious diseases have the ability to affect the nerves in your body. These conditions include Lyme disease, the herpes viruses, HIV, and hepatitis C. In many instances, nerve damage cannot be cured entirely.


Question: Can diabetes cause nerve damage?

Answer: Up to 70% of people with diabetes suffer from nerve damage, which becomes more likely as the disease progresses. Diabetic neuropathy is a serious complication and may affect all three types of neurons.


Question: How does cancer cause nerve damage?

Answer: Cancer can cause nerve pain and nerve damage in multiple ways. In some instances, cancerous masses may push against or crush nerves. In other cases, certain types of cancer may result in nutritional deficiencies that affect nerve function. Additionally, some types of chemotherapy and radiation may produce nerve pain and nerve damage in certain individuals.


Question: Can nerve damage be cured?

Answer: These conditions include Lyme disease, the herpes viruses, HIV, and hepatitis C. In many instances, nerve damage cannot be cured entirely. But there are various treatments that can reduce your symptoms. Because nerve damage is often progressive, it is important to consult with a doctor when you first notice symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic nerve damage?

Answer: Autonomic nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Inability to sense chest pain, such as angina or heart attack Too much sweating (known as hyperhidrosis) or too little sweating (known as anhidrosis) Lightheadedness Dry eyes and mouth Constipation Bladder dysfunction Sexual dysfunction Damage to motor nerves may produce the following symptoms: Weakness Muscle atrophy Twitching, also known as fasciculation Paralysis Sensory nerve damage may produce the following symptoms: Pain Sensitivity Numbness Tingling or prickling Burning Problems with positional awareness In some instances, people with nerve damage will have symptoms that indicate damage to two, or even three, different types of nerves.


Question: What determines the symptoms of nerve damage?

Answer: With nerve damage there can be a wide array of symptoms. Which ones you may have depends on the location and type of nerves that are affected.