Question: How can I prevent asthma from pet dander?

Answer: To prevent asthma symptoms when you have pet allergies, try the following suggestions: It is best not to own any pets if you or your child is highly allergic. Long visits to friends and family who own pets should be avoided. If you do visit, make sure you or your child takes asthma or allergy medicines before the visit. Exposure to the pets should be kept to a minimum when visiting. If you must have a cat or dog in the home, restrict its living area. It should not be allowed in your or your child's bedroom at any time. If possible, keep the pet outside. Wash your pet weekly. Remove as much carpeting as possible.


Question: How can I prevent asthma while traveling?

Answer: For allergic asthma prevention when you travel, use the following suggestions: Pack your asthma drugs with you in your carry-on bag. Include an inhaler and antihistamines. Bring an extra bronchodilator and asthma inhaler in case you need them. Ask for a nonsmoking room. Remove feather pillows and ask for synthetic, nonallergenic pillows -- or bring your own plastic pillow cover from home. If possible, keep the vent on the room air conditioner shut.


Question: How can I prevent allergic asthma while driving?

Answer: For allergic asthma prevention when driving in your car, try these tips: Keep windows closed and set the air conditioner to use recirculated air if you are allergic to pollen. Don't permit smoking in the car.


Question: What causes colds?

Answer: It's an illness caused by a tiny, infectious thing called a virus. More than 200 types lead to your misery, but the most common one is the rhinovirus, which is thought to be responsible for at least 50% of colds. Other viruses that can cause colds include coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza.


Question: What is "cold season" in the United States?

Answer: The reason may partly have to do with the opening of schools. Cold weather may also play a role because it leads you to spend more time indoors, where you're in closer contact with people who are contagious. Changes in humidity in different seasons may also affect how often people get sick. The most common cold viruses survive better outside the body.


Question: What are symptoms of a cold?

Answer: When a cold strikes, you may have symptoms like: Scratchy or sore throat Sneezing Stuffy nose Watery eyes Mucus draining from your nose into your throat More severe symptoms, such as high fever or muscle aches, may be a sign that you have the flu rather than a cold.


Question: Can being cold or wet cause you to get sick?

Answer: One myth that needs to get busted: Getting chilly or wet doesn't cause you to get sick. But there are things that make you prone to come down with a cold. For example, you're more likely to catch one if you're extremely tired, under emotional distress, or have allergies with nose and throat symptoms.


Question: How can you catch the common cold?

Answer: You can catch it from another person who is infected with the virus. This can happen by direct physical contact with someone who has a cold, or by touching a surface contaminated with their germs -- like a computer keyboard, doorknob or spoon --- and then touching your nose or mouth. You can also catch it from infected droplets in the air released by a sneeze or a cough.


Question: What are the signs of a cold?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A runny nose, scratchy throat, and nonstop sneezing -- you can't miss the signs of a cold.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my cold?

Answer: Most colds last about 7 to 10 days, but if your symptoms linger, you may need to call the doctor. Sometimes, colds lead to an infection by bacteria in in your lungs, sinuses, or ears. If that happens, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics, which work against bacteria but not against viruses.


Question: Why do children get sick so often?

Answer: Children have about 5-7 colds per year. A big part of the reason: They spend time at school or in day care centers where they're in close contact with other kids most of the day. Also, kids aren't as conscientious about sneezing into the crook of their arm or frequent hand washing â not to mention keeping their hands to themselves.


Question: How common are colds in the United States?

Answer: The CDC says 22 million school days are lost each year in the U. S. because of them. Some estimates say that Americans have 1 billion colds a year.


Question: How long will I be in the hospital after knee or hip replacement surgery?

Answer: You'll leave the hospital about 3 days after your surgery. Your doctor may ask you to stay overnight for days or weeks at a rehab center before going home. Other folks go straight back home. If you go back to your own place after the hospital, you'll probably visit a clinic three times a week for physical therapy sessions that last about an hour each.


Question: What are the first steps to rehab after a knee or hip replacement surgery?

Answer: As soon as a few hours after your surgery -- depending on your condition and your doctor's orders -- a physical therapist may get you up out of bed to practice using a walker or crutches. You'll also learn how to get in and out of a chair, and begin exercises that strengthen the muscles in your legs. You may also have a session with an occupational therapist, who will teach you simple ways to navigate your kitchen or put on your socks and shoes.


Question: When am I most contagious when I have the flu?

Answer: Some experts believe you're most likely to spread the virus in the first t 3 to 4 days. That's because the more you cough and sneeze, the more droplets you shoot into the air and onto objects around you.


Question: How long is the flu contagious?

Answer: Typically, you're contagious from 1 day before you have any symptoms. You stay that way for 5 to 7 days after you start feeling sick. Kids and people may be able to spread the virus for even longer, until all of their symptoms fade.


Question: Do flu medicines stop the flu from being contagious?

Answer: You can still make other people sick even if you're taking antiviral mediations that treat the flu. The CDC recommends four FDA-approved drugs to treat the flu: baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza). These drugs could shorten the time that you're sick.


Question: What are side effects of opioids?

Answer: Although opioids are excellent in controlling pain, they do have side effects. Among the most common are: Constipation .


Question: What causes bone pain and how can it be treated?

Answer: There are many causes for bone pain in life-threatening illness, including cancer metastases to the bone and compression of bones in the spine from degenerative bone disease or damage from long-term use of steroids to treat a condition like lung disease. Using anti-inflammatory adjuvants -- even something as simple as ibuprofen, or something stronger such as a corticosteroid -- can lessen bone pain.


Question: What causes nerve pain and how can it be alleviated during palliative care?

Answer: Nerve pain, or "neuropathic" pain occurs when one or more nerves is injured or damaged. It can develop as a result of long-term chemotherapy or cancer itself, trauma, or other medical disorders. AIDS, diabetes, and shingles are examples of diseases often associated with neuropathic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants and anti-seizure medications can each lessen nerve pain because they change the way pain sensations travel to the brain.


Question: What should you consider when choosing a treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer: When choosing a treatment, think about: The risks. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of each type of therapy. The side effects. Consider whether or not you're willing to deal with how the treatment might make you feel. Whether or not you need it. Not all men with prostate cancer need to be treated right away. Your age and overall health. For older men or those with other serious health conditions, treatment may be less appealing than watchful waiting.


Question: How is immunotherapy used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment works with your immune system to fight the disease. It's used to treat advanced prostate cancer.


Question: How can immunotherapy help with treating prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment works with your immune system to fight the disease. It's used to treat advanced prostate cancer.


Question: What are watchful waiting and active surveillance for prostate cancer?

Answer: How quickly the tumor is likely to grow Your age and how healthy you are Your personal preferences Your doctor might suggest waiting to see if your tumor will grow or spread before you treat it. Most prostate cancer grows slowly. Some doctors think it's better not to treat it unless it changes or causes symptoms. In watchful waiting, your doctor will closely track how the disease makes you feel. With active surveillance, you'll also get regular tests to check on the cancer.


Question: How is bisphosphonate therapy used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: If the disease reaches your bones, these drugs can ease pain and prevent fractures.


Question: How is active surveillance done to help with prostate cancer?

Answer: How quickly the tumor is likely to grow Your age and how healthy you are Your personal preferences Your doctor might suggest waiting to see if your tumor will grow or spread before you treat it. Most prostate cancer grows slowly. Some doctors think it's better not to treat it unless it changes or causes symptoms. In watchful waiting, your doctor will closely track how the disease makes you feel. With active surveillance, you'll also get regular tests to check on the cancer.


Question: Why should you never discontinue any medication for depression without talking to your doctor?

Answer: You should never discontinue any medication without talking to your doctor about it first. Most antidepressants are gradually tapered off when a decision is made to stop them. If you abruptly stop taking some antidepressants, you could develop physical symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, headache, flu-like symptoms, or stomach upset (called a "discontinuation syndrome"). While symptoms from abrupt discontinuation generally pose no medical hazard, they can be uncomfortable and resolve once a medicine has been restarted.


Question: How risky are antidepressants in the treatment for depression in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: In people with bipolar disorder, antidepressants have a small but significant risk for triggering manic or hypomanic symptoms, and antidepressants are usually not recommended without also taking a mood stabilizer. Antidepressants also may be less effective in people with bipolar than unipolar (major) depression, and their long-term value and safety are more controversial and less well-established in bipolar than unipolar depression.


Question: How safe are antidepressant medications for children and teens?

Answer: The FDA has the manufacturers of all antidepressant drugs put a boxed warning that states that antidepressants have been shown to increase suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents and should be used with caution.


Question: When and how can you stop taking antidepressants?

Answer: When you and your doctor determine that you are better and have remained well without a relapse for at least several months, your doctor may gradually taper you off your medicines. Once you and your doctor have determined it is safe for you to stop taking your medicine altogether, you should continue to be monitored during periodic follow-up appointments (about every three months) to detect any signs of depression recurrence.


Question: How does eating smart boost the immune system?

Answer: When you're on immunotherapy, eat a range of healthy foods. Fruits, vegetables, and protein are all important. The goal is to get different nutrients to support your immune system and your body's other systems. Even if you're not that hungry during treatment, try to have small amounts of foods you know are good for you.


Question: How does sleeping well boost the immune system?

Answer: Aim for 7 hours of sleep a night. It isn't bad to get less sometimes, but if you don't get enough most nights, it could strain your system. That means you'll be more likely to get sick from colds, the flu, and more serious infections. You also won't be able to recover from them as well as a healthy person.


Question: How does avoiding illness boost the immune system?

Answer: Other ways to ease stress include: Deep breathing Massage Meditation Reading Listening to music Talking to a mental health professional You want your immune system focused on fighting cancer, not stomach bugs or colds, so steer clear of crowded places where germs abound. But even your kitchen has surprising risks for a weak immune system. These tips can help protect you from bacteria there: Thoroughly wash your hands before and after food prep. Set the fridge temperature at or below 40 F. Put a dish under thawing meat, fish, or poultry to catch drips. Wash fruits and veggies before you peel or cut them. Don't eat raw sprouts. Rinse packaged salads and similar items, even those labeled âprewashed."


Question: How is an ankle fracture diagnosed?

Answer: What your doctor recommends depends on the type of break you have and how severe it is. He'll look at X-rays or other scans to figure out the best approach.


Question: How often should men do Kegel exercises?

Answer: It may also be easier to contract the muscles for just two or three seconds at first. After a few weeks, increase the time until eventually you're contracting the muscles for a slow five or 10 seconds, and do the exercises standing up.


Question: When should I see results from Kegel exercises?

Answer: If you do Kegels three times a day, you should see better bladder control in three to six weeks -- some men see it even sooner. Try keeping a record of your urine leakage each day to help you notice improvements. If you don't see any change in a month, you may not have located the right muscles for Kegel exercises. Give your doctor or urologist a call.


Question: How can men find their Kegel muscles?

Answer: One of the easiest ways to locate your muscles is during urination. Here's how: Halfway through urination, try to stop or slow down the flow of urine. Don't tense the muscles in your buttocks, legs, or abdomen, and don't hold your breath. When you can slow or stop the flow of urine, you've successfully located these muscles. Some men find these muscles by imagining that they are trying to stop the passage of gas. Squeezing these muscles gives a pulling sensation; these are the right muscles for pelvic exercises. It's important not to contract other muscles.


Question: What are Kegel exercises for men?

Answer: Kegels are exercises that help you zero in on and strengthen muscles below the bladder that help control urination. In men, urinary incontinence can be caused by a weak urinary sphincter that may result from surgery for prostate cancer, an overactive bladder, or a bladder that doesn't contract. Kegel exercises can help you improve -- or in some cases completely regain -- bladder control.


Question: What will the surgeon consider before doing the nose job?

Answer: The surgeon will evaluate the structures of your nose and other facial features. After this evaluation, he or she can tell you if your expectations are realistic. The surgeon will also consider your overall health and should discuss with you the risks, recovery time, and costs involved.


Question: What happens when you have a nose job?

Answer: A nose job is usually done as an outpatient procedure, meaning there is no overnight stay. You'll get general or local anesthesia. With general anesthesia, you'll sleep through the operation. With local anesthesia, you will be sedated and your nose will be numbed so you are relaxed and unable to feel the pain. During an operation, the surgeon makes cuts within the nostrils. In more difficult cases, the surgeon may also make cuts across the base of the nose. The surgeon then reshapes the inner bone and cartilage to produce a more pleasing appearance.


Question: How do surgeon do the nose jobs?

Answer: The surgeon will evaluate the structures of your nose and other facial features. After this evaluation, he or she can tell you if your expectations are realistic.


Question: What happens after nose job surgery?

Answer: After a nose job, people usually wear a nasal splint for the first week. You can expect swelling and some bruising around the eyes after surgery that will begin to improve after the third day. It can, though, last up to two weeks. Expect your nose to have a little swelling, which probably only you and your surgeon will notice. This will go away over the next six months. The final shape of your nose will be apparent after it has completely healed. You should avoid strenuous activity for three to six weeks after surgery. You may return to your social activities as soon as within two to three weeks without any recognizable signs that you had a procedure done.


Question: What are the symptoms of bigeminy?

Answer: Others describe PVCs as their heart working too hard or beating too fast. But you may not notice anything at all. Many people don't know they have bigeminy until the abnormal rhythm shows up on a heart test called an electrocardiogram ( EKG). Many different things can bring on bigeminy. They include: Your family history An infection in your heart, or somewhere else in your body Things that rev up your heart: caffeine, nicotine, drugs like cocaine, and some over-the-counter or herbal medicines Too many or too few electrolytes (minerals like potassium and sodium) in your blood Thyroid disease Some heart conditions can also lead to bigeminy.


Question: What causes bigeminy?

Answer: Many different things can bring on bigeminy. They include: Your family history An infection in your heart, or somewhere else in your body Things that rev up your heart: caffeine, nicotine, drugs like cocaine, and some over-the-counter or herbal medicines Too many or too few electrolytes (minerals like potassium and sodium) in your blood Thyroid disease Some heart conditions can also lead to bigeminy.


Question: What is bigeminy?

Answer: After every routine beat, you have a beat that comes too early, or what's known as a premature ventricular contraction ( PVC). PVCs are common and not always harmful. If you're in good health, you may not even need treatment. But if you have a heart condition, you may need to take medicine to control your bigeminy. Lifestyle changes can also keep this abnormal heart rhythm from getting worse.


Question: Why should I treat my childâs hearing loss early?

Answer: Early treatment is key for children. If children can't hear well, it will affect their ability to talk, communicate, make friends, and develop normally. Babies should be tested in the hospital when they are born, or at least by the time they're a month old. If there is a problem, they need professional help as early as possible, before they are 6 months old. Keep an eye out if your toddler has lots of ear infections. Although hearing loss caused by ear infections is usually temporary, it can cause lasting problems if children struggle while they're learning critical skills.


Question: Can DEET help prevent insect and spider bites?

Answer: It can be found in a variety of lotions and sprays and purchased in most drug stores. There has been some concern about the negative effects of using this chemical, particularly for children, but none of the natural plant products are likely to be as reliable. The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) recommends that DEET not be used on children younger than two months of age. Picaridin is a plant-derived compound and is also somewhat effective against mosquitoes and ticks. Essential oil of eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) is a natural insect repellent.


Question: Can natural insect repellent work for preventing insect and spider bites?

Answer: Essential oil of eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) is a natural insect repellent. Make a solution by adding five drops or eucalyptus oil to 1 cup of water and dab it on your skin. Essential oil of citronella also discourages insects when placed on exposed skin. A few dabs of calendula (calendula officinalis) ointment on the face, arms, and legs may keep insects away and is also available as a commercially available product.


Question: What is picardin?

Answer: Picaridin is a plant-derived compound and is also somewhat effective against mosquitoes and ticks.


Question: What is the lymphatic system?

Answer: The lymphatic system is a network of nodes (knots of tissue) connected by vessels that drain fluid and waste products from the body. The lymph nodes act as tiny filters, straining out foreign organisms and cells. The lymphatic system also is involved in producing important white blood cells called lymphocytes that help protect you against various infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.


Question: I have diabetes and a cold, what should I do if my blood sugar is too high?

Answer: If your blood sugar is too high, sip liquids like water or sugar-free ginger ale. If it's too low, sip half a cup of apple juice or 1/2 cup of ginger ale. Always check what you eat or drink against your regular diabetes diet to make sure these foods and drinks are allowed in your situation.


Question: Can I eat foods from my regular meal plan if I have a cold with diabetes?

Answer: You may not feel hungry when you first get sick, but it's important to try to eat something anyway. You can have foods from your regular meal plan.


Question: How often should I check my blood sugar if I have a cold and diabetes?

Answer: Check it at least every 3 or 4 hours when you're sick with a cold. If your levels aren't near your target, you can tweak your diabetes management plan -- your doctor may tell you to use more insulin if your blood sugar levels are too high.


Question: I have a cold and diabetes, what should I do if I have fever, vomiting, or diarrhea?

Answer: You can sip the liquid if you want -- no need to gulp it down all at once. The important thing is to avoid getting dehydrated. If your blood sugar is too high, sip liquids like water or sugar-free ginger ale. If it's too low, sip half a cup of apple juice or 1/2 cup of ginger ale.


Question: What can happen if I'm a diabetic with a cold and I don't eat?

Answer: Some foods to try: 3-ounce fruit juice bar 1/2 cup frozen yogurt 1/2 cup cooked cereal If you don't eat, your blood sugar might fall too low.


Question: What cold medications should I avoid if I have diabetes and high blood pressure?

Answer: If you have high blood pressure, avoid any cold medicine that contains decongestants, which can raise it even more.


Question: Can a cold make my diabetes worse?

Answer: When you're sick, there's a chance your blood sugar levels could go up.


Question: How much Ampyra should I take?

Answer: Take only the dose your doctor prescribes. If you miss a dose, don't double up on the next one. If you take a higher dose or take them less than 12 hours apart, you can increase your risk of a seizure. If that happens, stop taking the drug and call your doctor right away.


Question: What are the most common side effects of Ampyra?

Answer: The most common ones include: Urinary tract infections Trouble sleeping Dizziness Headache Nausea Weakness Back pain Balance problems Irritation of the nose and throat, or a sore throat Burning, tingling, or itching on the skin Indigestion Constipation or diarrhea Some people also had relapses of their MS when they took the drug.


Question: How does Ampyra improve the body's electrical signals to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Ampyra helps electrical signals move better along the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. When you have MS, your nerves lose the protective coating, called myelin, that helps messages zip up and down your body. That means your muscles don't get clear signals that tell them when and how to move. Ampyra restores the flow of those signals and helps your nerves send their messages more effectively.


Question: Do people have relapses of multiple sclerosis after taking Ampyra?

Answer: The most common ones include: Urinary tract infections Trouble sleeping Dizziness Headache Nausea Weakness Back pain Balance problems Irritation of the nose and throat, or a sore throat Burning, tingling, or itching on the skin Indigestion Constipation or diarrhea Some people also had relapses of their MS when they took the drug. Let your doctor know if you have any side effects.


Question: What are the side effects of Ampyra for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: The most common ones include: Urinary tract infections Trouble sleeping Dizziness Headache Nausea Weakness Back pain Balance problems Irritation of the nose and throat, or a sore throat Burning, tingling, or itching on the skin Indigestion Constipation or diarrhea Some people also had relapses of their MS when they took the drug. Let your doctor know if you have any side effects.


Question: How does Ampyra work to treat multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Ampyra helps electrical signals move better along the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. When you have MS, your nerves lose the protective coating, called myelin, that helps messages zip up and down your body. That means your muscles don't get clear signals that tell them when and how to move. Ampyra restores the flow of those signals and helps your nerves send their messages more effectively.


Question: How does dalfampridine (Ampyra) treat multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: About three-fourths of people with MS have trouble walking. It can be one of the most challenging parts of the condition. Dalfampridine ( Ampyra) is a medication that helps you get around more easily. Unlike other MS treatments, it won't keep symptoms from getting worse or change the course of the disease -- it's just intended to improve how you walk.


Question: How do I take Ampyra for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: You'll need a prescription from your doctor. You take one 10-milligram tablet twice a day, 12 hours apart. You should never take more than one pill at once or more than two in 24 hours. You can take Ampyra with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole. Don't break, crush, chew, or dissolve them before you take them. That could release the medication too fast in your body, possibly causing a seizure. Take only the dose your doctor prescribes. If you miss a dose, don't double up on the next one. If you take a higher dose or take them less than 12 hours apart, you can increase your risk of a seizure. If that happens, stop taking the drug and call your doctor right away.


Question: Why is it hard to notice nodular melanomas?

Answer: You might not notice a nodular melanoma since these cancers don't follow the usual warning signs of melanomas.


Question: Should you pop a nodular melanoma?

Answer: But usually it appears on the parts of the body that get a lot of sun, such as your: Legs Torso (chest, back, belly) Arms Head What to do: Don't try to pop it. The skin may break open, but there's no pus inside. You'll just cause a wound. If you have a new growth or spot on your skin that doesn't go away in 5 days, see your doctor.


Question: How can a disorder of the hypothalamus lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: An extremely rare form of hypothyroidism can occur if the hypothalamus in the brain does not produce enough of a hormone called TRH. TRH affects the release of TSH from the pituitary gland.


Question: What is the role of the thyroid in people with hypothyroidism?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The thyroid gland is located in the front lower part of your neck. Hormones released by the gland travel through your bloodstream and affect nearly every part of your body, from your heart and brain, to your muscles and skin. The thyroid controls how your body's cells use energy from food, a process called metabolism. Among other things, your metabolism affects your body's temperature, your heartbeat, and how well you burn calories. If you don't have enough thyroid hormone, your body processes slow down. That means your body makes less energy, and your metabolism becomes sluggish.


Question: What causes hypothyroidism?

Answer: Thyroiditis" is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder. With Hashimoto's, your body produces antibodies that attack and destroy the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis may also be caused by a viral infection.


Question: How is hypothyroidism treated?

Answer: If you have hypothyroidism, your doctor will prescribe a synthetic (man-made) thyroid hormone T4. You take this pill every day. Certain other medications can interfere with how your body absorbs synthetic thyroid hormone. Make sure you doctor knows about all the medicines, herbs, and supplements you take, including over-the-counter products. You will need regular blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels. Your doctor may need to adjust your medication dose from time to time.


Question: What causes primary hypothyroidism?

Answer: Rarely, a problem with the pituitary gland can interfere with the production of thyroid hormone.


Question: How can radiation therapy to the neck area cause hypothyroidism?

Answer: Treating certain cancers, such as lymphoma, requires radiation to the neck. Radiation damages the cells in the thyroid. This makes it more difficult for the gland to produce hormone.


Question: How can use of certain medications lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: Certain medicines to treat heart problems, psychiatric conditions, and cancer can sometimes affect the production of thyroid hormone. These include amiodarone ( Cordarone, Pacerone), , interferon alpha, and interleukin-2.


Question: How can problems with the thyroid at birth lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: Some babies may be born with a thyroid gland that did not develop correctly or does not work properly. This type of hypothyroidism is called congenital hypothyroidism. Most hospitals in the U. S. screen babies at birth for this disease.


Question: Who is at risk for hypothyroidism?

Answer: Women, particularly older women, are more likely to develop hypothyroidism than men. You are also more likely to develop hypothyroidism if you have a close family member with an autoimmune disease. Other risk factors include: Race (being white or Asian) Age (growing older) Prematurely graying hair Autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, Addison's disease, pernicious anemia, or vitiligo Bipolar disorder Down syndrome Turner syndrome If you have symptoms of hypothyroidism, your doctor will order blood tests to check hormone levels.


Question: What causes tertiary hypothyroidism?

Answer: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid disease, is a common disorder.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer: Symptoms of hypothyroidism may be vague and can often mimic other conditions. They may include: Changes in the menstrual cycle Constipation Depression Dry hair and hair loss Dry skin Fatigue Greater sensitivity to cold Slow heart rate Swelling of the thyroid gland (goiter) Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight Carpal tunnel syndrome Babies with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms.


Question: How can thyroid surgery lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: Surgery to remove the thyroid will lead to hypothyroidism. If only part of the thyroid is removed, the remaining gland may still be able to produce enough hormone for the body's needs.


Question: What are the complications of hypothyroidism?

Answer: Untreated, hypothyroidism may cause: Heart problems Infertility Joint pain Obesity Thyroid problems in a pregnant woman can affect the developing baby. During the first three months of pregnancy, the baby receives all thyroid hormone from its mother. If the mother has hypothyroidism, the baby does not get enough thyroid hormone. This can lead to problems with mental development. Extremely low levels of thyroid hormone can cause a life-threatening condition called myxedema. Myxedema is the most severe form of hypothyroidism. A person with myxedema can lose consciousness or go into a coma. The condition can also cause the body temperature to drop very low, which can cause death.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism in babies?

Answer: They may include: Changes in the menstrual cycle Constipation Depression Dry hair and hair loss Dry skin Fatigue Greater sensitivity to cold Slow heart rate Swelling of the thyroid gland (goiter) Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight Carpal tunnel syndrome Babies with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they can include: Cold hands and feet Constipation Extreme sleepiness Hoarse cry Little or no growth Low muscle tone (floppy infant) Persistent jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) Poor feeding habits Puffy face Stomach bloating Swollen tongue Make an appointment with your health care provider if you or your baby has any of these symptoms. It is important to note that these symptoms can be due to other medical conditions.


Question: How can pituitary gland damage or disorder lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: Rarely, a problem with the pituitary gland can interfere with the production of thyroid hormone. The pituitary gland makes a hormone, called thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH), which tells your thyroid how much hormone it should make and release.


Question: How can radioactive iodine treatment cause hypothyroidism?

Answer: This treatment is commonly prescribed to people who have an overactive thyroid gland, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. However, radiation destroys the cells in the thyroid gland. This usually leads to hypothyroidism.


Question: How many deaths were caused by swine flu in the U.S.?

Answer: Swine flu -- A new type that spread worldwide during 2009-2010, causing the first flu pandemic -- global outbreak of disease -- caused by a new flu virus in more than 40 years.


Question: What is the youngest age that you can have a flu shot?

Answer: 6 months -- The youngest age for which the CDC recommends a flu shot.


Question: How many flu vaccines are usually prepared in the U.S. each year?

Answer: December to February -- Peak flu season in the U. S. 171 million to 179 million -- Number of flu vaccine doses expected to be available in the U. S. for the 2015-2016 flu season.


Question: How many people die from the flu each year in the U.S.?

Answer: 3,000 to 49,000 -- Number of people who die each year from flu-related causes in the U. S. $10 billion+ -- Average costs of hospitalizations and outpatient doctor visits related to the flu.


Question: When is flu season in the U.S.?

Answer: December to February -- Peak flu season in the U. S. 171 million to 179 million -- Number of flu vaccine doses expected to be available in the U. S. for the 2015-2016 flu season.


Question: How long does it take for the flu to go away?

Answer: 3 to 7 days -- Time it takes for a regular case of the illness to go away. You might have a cough and fatigue for more than 2 weeks, though.


Question: How many people are hospitalized due to the flu each year in the U.S.?

Answer: 200,000 -- Average number of Americans hospitalized each year because of problems with the illness.


Question: How long does it take for flu symptoms to show up?

Answer: 1 to 4 days -- Typical time it takes for symptoms to show up once you've caught the virus. Adults can be contagious from the day before symptoms begin through 5 to 10 days after the illness starts.


Question: How long does it take for a flu vaccine to work?

Answer: 2 weeks -- Time it takes after vaccination for an adult to develop disease-fighting antibodies against the flu.


Question: When should I call my doctor about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Answer: You have signs of active infection, most likely of the skin with a spreading, painful, red rash or abscess; in most cases, MRSA is easily treated. However, MRSA infection can be serious, so seek medical care. If you are already being treated for an infection, watch for signs that your medicine isn't working. If you are taking an antibiotic, call your health care provider if: The infection is no better after three or four days of antibiotic therapy. The rash spreads. You develop a fever, or your fever gets worse.


Question: What should I do if I have shingles on or around my ears?

Answer: Shingles in your eyes can cause: Sores and scarring on the surface Swelling and redness Glaucoma, a disease in which pressure builds in your eye Damage to the nerves See your doctor as soon as possible if you get shingles on or around your ears. If you don't get treated, it can lead to Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which can cause: Dizziness and other balance problems Earaches Hearing loss Loss of ability to move parts of your face Ringing in your ear, called âtinnitusâ This condition is rare, but with early treatment, you have a good chance of full recovery.


Question: Why is shingles especially risky if it's near your eyes?

Answer: If you have shingles in or near your eyes, forehead, or nose, see your doctor right away. Without treatment, it can lead to pain in your eyes but also to permanent loss of vision. Shingles in your eyes can cause: Sores and scarring on the surface Swelling and redness Glaucoma, a disease in which pressure builds in your eye Damage to the nerves See your doctor as soon as possible if you get shingles on or around your ears.


Question: What are the risks of using acetaminophen for cold and flu relief?

Answer: Others factors that increase risk for stomach bleeding include: Having a previous history of stomach bleeding Being over age 60 Taking steroid medications, or other NSAID medications The most serious risk from acetaminophen is liver damage. Ignoring the dose recommended on the label can put you at risk of severe liver damage. People who are at greater risk for liver damage from acetaminophen include people with liver disease and men who drink three or more alcoholic drinks a day (or two a day or more drinks for women). Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you also take the blood thinner warfarin ( Coumadin), because it may increase the risk of bleeding.


Question: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work to treat a cold and flu?

Answer: Drugs in the NSAID category include: Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in Advil and Motrin Aspirin , found in Bayer or St. Joseph Naproxen sodium, found in Aleve Acetaminophen. This is an active ingredient in Tylenol and many other prescription and non-prescription medications. Acetaminophen seems to work on the parts of the brain that perceive pain and control body temperature.


Question: What are the risks of taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cold and flu relief?

Answer: NSAIDs are safe for most people when taken at the right dose for a short period. However, they can increase risk for serious stomach bleeding. NSAIDs may also increase the chance for heart attack and stroke.


Question: What are safe practices for cold and flu relievers for adults?

Answer: Follow these other drug safety tips for using OTC pain relievers: Read and follow the label. It should clearly state whether a medicine contains acetaminophen or NSAIDs, the risks of the active ingredient, the highest dose you can take safely, and how long you can take it. Wait until you need it. Leave acetaminophen and NSAIDs on the shelf until you really need them. Limiting your intake automatically reduces your risk. Set a cut-off date. Before taking an NSAID, set a date to stop, based on the label's instructions for how long you should take it before seeing a doctor. Don't mix medicine with alcohol. If you drink alcohol, talk with your doctor before taking NSAIDs or acetaminophen.


Question: What are safe practices for cold and flu relievers for children?

Answer: Drugs work differently in children than they do in adults. Take extra care when giving your child acetaminophen or ibuprofen and only use those products labeled specifically for your child's age group. Adult medicines and doses are too strong for most kids and should not be given to children. Beyond not giving aspirin to children and teens (ages 18 and under) due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, follow these safety measures: The FDA recommends that parents not give any cough and cold medicine to children under age 2. The FDA supports the voluntary label change of drug makers to state âdo not use in children under 4â for OTC cough and cold medicines. Talk to your pediatrician about safe OTC options for your child. When giving your child liquid medicine, make sure to use the appropriate measuring tool that came with the medication and not a spoon used for eating or cooking. There's no need to expose your child to drugs he doesn't need. Select a medicine that treats only the symptoms your child has. Keep all medicine out of children's reach.


Question: What are the risks of combination medicines for cold and flu relief?

Answer: OTC pain relievers are often used with other ingredients in prescription and non-prescription medications, including some for arthritis, menstrual symptoms, allergies, and sleeplessness. To avoid an overdose, it's important not to take two medicines that contain the same pain reliever. Mixing medicines that contain different pain relievers can also cause problems and should not be done without talking to a doctor.


Question: What is SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: This is a chronic autoimmune disease in which cells of a person's immune system attack the salivary and other moisture-producing glands, leading to dry mouth and eyes. About half of people with SjÃ¶gren's syndrome also have enlargement of the salivary glands on both sides of the mouth, which is usually painless.


Question: What are cysts of the salivary glands?

Answer: Cysts can develop in the salivary glands if injuries, infections, tumors, or salivary stones block the flow of saliva. Some babies are born with cysts in the parotid gland due to a problem with the development of the ears. It can appear as a blister or soft, raised area. Cysts may interfere with eating and speaking.


Question: What are some less common food allergy triggers?

Answer: Eight things cause about 90% of food allergy reactions: Milk (mostly in children) Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts, like walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, brazil nuts, and pecans Soy Wheat Fish (mostly in adults) Shellfish (mostly in adults) Almost any food can trigger an allergy, though. Less common ones include: Corn Gelatin Meat -- beef, chicken, mutton, and pork Seeds, often sesame, sunflower, and poppy Spices, such as caraway, coriander, garlic, and mustard An allergic reaction can happen within minutes of eating, or it may happen hours later.


Question: What are mild symptoms from common food allergy triggers?

Answer: Less common ones include: Corn Gelatin Meat -- beef, chicken, mutton, and pork Seeds, often sesame, sunflower, and poppy Spices, such as caraway, coriander, garlic, and mustard An allergic reaction can happen within minutes of eating, or it may happen hours later. Mild symptoms can be hard to tie to specific foods. You could get: Red, swollen, dry, or itchy skin rash (hives or eczema) Runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or a slight, dry cough Itchy, watery, red eyes Itchy mouth or inside your ear Funny taste in your mouth Upset stomach, cramps, throwing up, or diarrhea Most often, peanuts, nuts, fish, and shellfish cause severe reactions, although any food can.


Question: What are common food allergy triggers?

Answer: Eight things cause about 90% of food allergy reactions: Milk (mostly in children) Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts, like walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, brazil nuts, and pecans Soy Wheat Fish (mostly in adults) Shellfish (mostly in adults) Almost any food can trigger an allergy, though.


Question: Should I use a push to slice my food if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Apple corers have lots of uses. Try one to slice or chop potatoes, squash, cucumbers, or pears. Cut off the end of the fruit or vegetable to make it level and to steady it on the cutting board. Then, line up the corer so that one handle faces your body and the other points away. Finally, put your forearms on the handles, and use the weight of your body to push the corer through whatever you need to slice up.


Question: Can I make cooking easier when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your rheumatoid arthritis doesn't have to get in the way. Use some kitchen tricks from Melinda Winner, who has RA and wrote A Complete Illustrated Guide to Cooking with Arthritis.


Question: Should I roll large loads if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Do you need to move a heavy pot of water from the sink to the stove? Try a plant stand with wheels. First, use a measuring cup to fill the pot, then push the plant stand to the stove, and slide the pot onto the burner.


Question: Should I wear a ring when opening bottles if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Put a ring on it. Wear a plain, inexpensive ring on your thumb and use it like a bottle opener for containers of yogurt, sour cream, or other things. Position it under the lid's edge, and lift up with your hand to pop off the top.


Question: Should I use electric tools if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If it's tough to stir, reach for a tool that will do it for you. Use a small, handheld electric blender instead of a spoon. Look for one that also has a whisk, too.


Question: How long will an elimination diet take?

Answer: This method takes several weeks. Don't do it if you've had a severe allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis). If you have, you need to know your trigger food as soon as possible so you can avoid it. Talk with your doctor about that.


Question: What is the goal of an elimination diet?

Answer: Instead, the goal of an elimination diet is to pinpoint food that you might be sensitive to or allergic to.


Question: How should I treat my headache after exercise?

Answer: It has been found that most exertional headaches are benign and respond to usual headache treatments.


Question: What is an exertional headache?

Answer: This causes the blood vessels to dilate, which can lead to a condition called exertional headaches.


Question: If a family member has migraines, am I susceptible to headaches after exercise?

Answer: Headaches that most frequently occur due to exercise or over-exertion include jogger's headache and orgasmic headache (sex headache). While these may occur in isolation, they are most common in people who have an inherited susceptibility to migraine (one or both parents have migraines).


Question: What causes my headaches after I work out?

Answer: This causes the blood vessels to dilate, which can lead to a condition called exertional headaches.


Question: What mouth problems are caused by high blood sugar in people with diabetes?

Answer: High blood sugar may also cause dry mouth and make gum disease worse. Less saliva can allow more tooth-decaying bacteria and plaque buildup. With good blood sugar control and dental care, you can avoid these problems.


Question: How can diabetes affect dental infections?

Answer: With good blood sugar control and dental care, you can avoid these problems. You should call your dentist if you: Have bleeding or sore gums Get infections often Have bad breath that won't go away Take good care of your gums and teeth.


Question: What symptoms of dental problems should people with diabetes watch for?

Answer: You should call your dentist if you: Have bleeding or sore gums Get infections often Have bad breath that won't go away Take good care of your gums and teeth.


Question: When should you call a doctor about food poisoning?

Answer: When to Call a Doctor Call a doctor immediately if symptoms last more than 3 days or you have: Severe belly pain Fever Bloody diarrhea or dark stools Vomiting that is prolonged or bloody Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, fatigue, or increased heart rate or breathing rate


Question: How can I keep from getting dehydrated while recovering from food poisoning?

Answer: Prevent Dehydration Drink clear fluids, starting with small sips and gradually drinking more. If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, drink an oral rehydration solution.


Question: How can I control nausea and vomiting while treating food poisoning?

Answer: Control Nausea and Vomiting Avoid solid foods until vomiting ends. Then eat light, bland foods, such as saltine crackers, bananas, rice, or bread. Sipping liquids may help avoid vomiting. Don't eat fried, greasy, spicy, or sweet foods. Don't take anti-nausea or anti-diarrhea medication without asking your doctor. They have side effects and may make some kinds of diarrhea worse. Your doctor may give you anti-nausea medication if you are at risk of being dehydrated.


Question: When should you call your doctor about low blood pressure?

Answer: You have been diagnosed with low blood pressure and are experiencing an increase in the frequency of symptoms, such as falling down or passing out.


Question: What are the symptoms of low blood pressure?

Answer: Dizziness Lightheadedness Unsteadiness Dimming or blurring of vision Weakness Fatigue Nausea Cold, clammy skin Fainting Pale skin You experience any of the symptoms listed above.


Question: What can happen if you have low blood pressure?

Answer: If your blood pressure gets severely low, there's a significant danger that your body will not receive enough oxygen to carry out its normal functions. Decreased oxygen can result in impaired functioning of the heart and brain and cause difficulty with breathing. Someone with low blood pressure can lose consciousness or go into shock (when the organs shut down).


Question: What are alternative treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer: Ask your doctor about how these techniques can help ease pain and stiffness in addition to your other treatments: Acupuncture Massage Yoga Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) Things you can do at home to improve your AS symptoms include: Exercise daily.


Question: What is axial ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer: There are two types of AS. Axial AS causes lower back pain. Peripheral AS causes pain and swelling in joints other than your spine.


Question: What are the symptoms of migraines?

Answer: It affects one side of your head or one eye.


Question: How does your eye get its color?

Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.


Question: What causes differently colored eyes?

Answer: The condition is called heterochromia iridis, and it affects the iris, the colored part of your eye. Most of the time, it doesn't cause any problems. It's often just a color quirk that's caused by genes inherited from parents or by a problem that happened when the eyes were being formed. In rare cases, though, it can be a symptom of something else. It could be a health problem or a condition a person was born with. It's common in some animals but rare in humans. It affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.


Question: What are some disorders that are linked to heterochromia?

Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.


Question: What is acquired heterochromia?

Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.


Question: How does melanin affect the eyes?

Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.


Question: How can glaucoma cause heterochromia?

Answer: Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that.


Question: When should I talk to your doctor about differently colored eyes?

Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about heterochromia in infants?

Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).


Question: How can eye cancer cause heterochromia?

Answer: Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.


Question: What disorders can cause heterochromia?

Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.


Question: How can certain medicines cause heterochromia?

Answer: Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color.


Question: What causes heterochromia?

Answer: Some things that can cause heterochromia include: Eye trauma -- from being hit in the eye, for instance -- is one reason your eye might change color. More than 80% of eye injuries are caused by projects around the house, sports, or other recreational activities. Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that. Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color. Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes. Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.


Question: What should parent do if they have a baby with different colored eyes?

Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).


Question: How can neuroblastoma cause heterochromia?

Answer: Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes.


Question: When should you call your doctor about anemia?

Answer: People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat. Poor diet or inadequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals Very heavy menstrual periods Symptoms of an ulcer, gastritis, hemorrhoids, bloody or tarry stools, or colorectal cancer Concern about environmental exposure to lead A hereditary anemia runs in your family and you would like genetic counseling before having a child For women considering pregnancy, your doctor will likely recommend that you begin taking supplements, especially folate, even before conception. These supplements benefit both mother and baby.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia caused by chronic lead poisoning?

Answer: People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat.


Question: What symptoms are common to many types of anemia?

Answer: Symptoms common to many types of anemia include the following: Easy fatigue and loss of energy Unusually rapid heart beat, particularly with exercise Shortness of breath and headache, particularly with exercise Difficulty concentrating Dizziness Pale skin Leg cramps Insomnia Other symptoms are associated with specific forms of anemia. People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat.


Question: What should I know about the symptoms of anemia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of anemia vary according to the type of anemia, the underlying cause, the severity and any underlying health problems, such as hemorrhaging, ulcers, menstrual problems, or cancer. Specific symptoms of those problems may be noticed first. The body also has a remarkable ability to compensate for early anemia. If your anemia is mild or has developed over a long period of time, you may not notice any symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia caused by iron deficiency?

Answer: People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction?

Answer: People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer: People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms: A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica) Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms: A tingling, "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet Lost sense of touch A wobbly gait and difficulty walking Clumsiness and stiffness of the arms and legs Dementia Chronic lead poisoning may lead to these symptoms: A blue-black line on the gums referred to as a lead line Abdominal pain Constipation Vomiting Anemia caused by chronic red blood cell destruction may include these symptoms: Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Brown or red urine Leg ulcers Failure to thrive in infancy Symptoms of gallstones Symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include: Fatigue Susceptibility to infection Delayed growth and development in children Episodes of severe pain, especially in the joints, abdomen, and limbs Symptoms of anemia caused by sudden red blood cell destruction may include: Abdominal pain Brown or red urine Jaundice (yellow skin) Small bruises under the skin Seizures Symptoms of kidney failure Talk to your doctor if you have risk factors for anemia or notice any signs or symptoms of anemia including: Persistent fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, pale skin, or any other symptoms of anemia; seek emergency care for any trouble breathing or change in your heart beat.


Question: How is fish oil used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Fish oil. Fish oil may be helpful for psoriasis when taken as an injection by vein, but it doesn't seem to have a positive effect when taken by mouth. However, some research showed that it might give added benefit to UVB light therapy.


Question: How are steroid-based creams used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: The mainstay of psoriasis treatment, steroid creams decrease inflammation, relieve itching, and block the production of cells that are overproduced in psoriasis. Stronger preparations, which are more effective than milder ones, can cause side effects that include burning, dryness, irritation, and thinning of the skin. Be especially careful to follow your doctor's instructions on their use.


Question: How are coal-tar ointments and shampoos used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: These products can help slow the rapid growth of skin cells and alleviate symptoms, but some people are vulnerable to the side effects, especially folliculitis, a pimple-like rash affecting the hair follicles. These medicines should be used only under a doctor's supervision.


Question: How is salicylic acid used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Some doctors recommend salicylic acid ointment, which smoothes the skin by promoting the shedding of psoriatic scales. Using salicylic acid over large areas of skin, however, may cause the body to absorb too much of the medication, leading to side effects. Salicylic acid may also cause skin irritation and weaken hair shafts, which can cause breakage and temporary hair loss. The effectiveness of these preparations are modest at best.


Question: How are prescription retinoids used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Prescription retinoids. These topical preparations containing a synthetic form of vitamin A can help improve psoriasis. These preparations don't work as quickly as steroids.


Question: When are natural treatments for psoriasis used?

Answer: If medications fail to relieve the symptoms of psoriasis or cause unwanted side effects, people may try natural remedies, such as herbs and vitamins, for relief. Some people with psoriasis find natural sunlight and ocean water helpful. Some seaside resorts offer special programs for people with psoriasis.


Question: How are coal-tar containing ointments and shampoos used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: These products can help slow the rapid growth of skin cells and alleviate symptoms, but some people are vulnerable to the side effects, especially folliculitis, a pimple-like rash affecting the hair follicles. These medicines should be used only under a doctor's supervision.


Question: What newer treatments improve severe psoriasis?

Answer: They're often used to treat severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. These drugs, which are made from human or animal proteins, are quite effective but extremely expensive. They include adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade, Renflexis), ixekizumab ( Taltz), risankizumab-rzaa( SKYRIZI),secukinumab ( Cosentyx), tildrakizumab ( Ilumya), and ustekinumab ( Stelara).


Question: How do Dead Sea salts help treat psoriasis?

Answer: Bath solutions, such as Dead Sea salts, oil, oilated oatmeal, or Epsom salts can help psoriasis by removing scales and easing itching. To try Dead Sea salts and other bath solutions, mix them in the bath as directed, then soak in the tub for about 15 minutes. As soon as you get out of the tub, apply a moisturizer to the skin. Don't expect a lot of improvement, however.


Question: How are oral drugs used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: These compounds with vitamin- A-like properties can be mildly helpful to people with severe psoriasis. Women of childbearing age need to use birth control with this medication because it is linked with an increased risk for birth defects.


Question: How are topical treatments used for psoriasis?

Answer: Topical treatments are rubbed directly into the affected skin to bring local relief without the system-wide side effects of medicines taken by mouth or a shot.


Question: How does aloe vera help treat psoriasis?

Answer: Preliminary research suggests that topical cream from the aloe vera plant may improve symptoms of psoriasis. One study showed that topical aloe vera was more effective than placebo. This product is of only minimal benefit, at best.


Question: How does fish oil help treat psoriasis?

Answer: Fish oil. Fish oil may be helpful for psoriasis when taken as an injection by vein, but it doesn't seem to have a positive effect when taken by mouth. However, some research showed that it might give added benefit to UVB light therapy.


Question: How is calcipotriene topical ointment used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: These have proven to be effective for treating psoriasis, especially when combined with a topical corticosteroid cream. It's best to use only limited amounts to avoid side effects.


Question: How are Dead Sea salts used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Bath solutions, such as Dead Sea salts, oil, oilated oatmeal, or Epsom salts can help psoriasis by removing scales and easing itching. To try Dead Sea salts and other bath solutions, mix them in the bath as directed, then soak in the tub for about 15 minutes. As soon as you get out of the tub, apply a moisturizer to the skin. Don't expect a lot of improvement, however.


Question: Are oral retinoids useful in treating psoriasis?

Answer: These compounds with vitamin- A-like properties can be mildly helpful to people with severe psoriasis. Women of childbearing age need to use birth control with this medication because it is linked with an increased risk for birth defects.


Question: What are natural psoriasis treatments?

Answer: If medications fail to relieve the symptoms of psoriasis or cause unwanted side effects, people may try natural remedies, such as herbs and vitamins, for relief. Some people with psoriasis find natural sunlight and ocean water helpful. Some seaside resorts offer special programs for people with psoriasis.


Question: How can I prevent autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can. This helps move more blood to your lower body and ease your blood pressure Take off tight clothes or other irritants Pee Quick steps can keep the problem from getting worse.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can.


Question: How is a loop stoma made in fecal diversion?

Answer: To make the loop stoma, a small loop of intestine will be brought up through the abdominal wall to skin level. A plastic rod will be passed underneath the loop to keep the new stoma in place. The loop will be cut half way through to make the site for the bowel opening. Each open end of the bowel created by this cut will appear as two openings in the stoma. If you are having a loop colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having a loop ileostomy, the loop will be turned back on itself like a small cuff and then stitched just below your skin. The abdominal cavity will be carefully inspected and the incisions will be stitched closed. The rod will be removed several days after surgery.


Question: How is a stoma created during fecal diversion?

Answer: An end stoma can be made in the ileum (end of the small intestine, called "end ileostomy") or colon ("end colostomy"). First, a small disk of skin will be removed from the stoma site. Next, your surgeon will bring 1-2 inches of healthy bowel up through the abdominal wall to skin level. If you are having a colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having an ileostomy, the small intestine will be stitched to your skin.


Question: What are warning signs of suicide in people with depression?

Answer: Talking about committing suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving recklessly Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, changing a will


Question: What should I do if my child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication is keeping my child up?

Answer: And keep in mind that overstimulation -- not medicine -- may be behind your child's sleep problems. It can help to keep him off video games and his phone or computer before bedtime. You might try these other tips, too: Make the room sleep-friendly. Light tells your body it's time to be up, so a dark room is important. Turn on a fan if it's warm, or grab an extra blanket if it's cold. Commit to a relaxing bedtime routine. A nightly bath, 20 minutes of reading, or writing in a journal can help kids unwind and fall asleep. No animals on the bed. Pets who sleep on the bed may stretch, change positions, or move around and wake your child up. Countdown to sleep. Tell your child to try this mind-calming exercise: Start at 100 and count back to 1.


Question: What are common medication side effects associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Answer: Some other possible effects include: Nausea and headaches: ADHD drugs can make your child feel like she needs to throw up. This side effect usually goes away after a few weeks. In the meantime, your child might feel better if she takes her medicine with food. Delayed growth: Some research shows that some children may grow more slowly than they should during their first year on ADHD medicine. But they seem to catch up during years 2 and 3. Kids who take breaks from ADHD drugs, like on weekends and during summer vacation, may not have this issue. Sudden mood changes: Some children with ADHD get cranky when their drugs wear off. This is sometimes known as the rebound effect. It may mean the dose is too high or the medicine isn't right for your child.


Question: Why do you need to know if you have high cholesterol when you check your heart disease risk?

Answer: Yes or No High cholesterol can contribute to the buildup of plaque that can clog the blood vessels leading to the heart and brain. This plaque can break and cause a blood clot to form, blocking the flow of blood and causing a heart attack or stroke.


Question: Why should you know if you have diabetes when you check your heart disease risk?

Answer: Yes or No About three-quarters of people with diabetes die of some form of heart or blood vessel disease. Even when blood sugar levels are under control, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, but the risks are even greater if blood sugar is not well controlled.


Question: What are questions that my doctor might ask to diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: For instance, you could develop a bleeding disorder if you're not getting enough vitamin K. Or you could get bone pain if you don't get enough vitamin D. Your doctor may diagnose your condition by checking your symptoms. He may ask you questions such as: Do you have pain in your upper belly? Have you had bad-smelling bowel movements that are oily and hard to flush down the toilet? Do you have gas or diarrhea? Have you lost weight?


Question: What is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: Apart from a healthy diet, the main treatment for EPI is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy ( PERT). You take prescription pills that replace the enzymes your pancreas isn't making. These enzymes break down your food so you can more easily digest and absorb it. You have to take them during your meals. If you take them before you eat, the replacement enzymes may move through your stomach before your food gets there.


Question: How can your doctor help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: During the exam your doctor will ask about your sexual history to find out how long you've had sexual performance anxiety and what kinds of thoughts are interfering with your sex life.


Question: How can taking it easy help with sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Don't beat yourself up about your appearance or ability in bed. Get help for sexual performance anxiety so you can get back to having a healthy and enjoyable sex life.


Question: Can sexual performance anxiety affect women?

Answer: Sexual performance anxiety isn't diagnosed as often in women as it is in men, but it can affect arousal in women, too. Anxiety can prevent women from getting lubricated enough to have sex, and it can take away the physical desire to make love.


Question: How can distracting yourself help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Put on some romantic music or a sexy movie while you make love. Think about something that turns you on. Taking your mind off your sexual performance can remove the worries that stop you from getting excited.


Question: How can being open to your partner help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Talking with your partner about your anxiety can help ease some of your worries. When you try to reach a solution together, you may draw closer as a couple and improve your sexual relationship.


Question: What is the cycle in sexual performance anxiety like?

Answer: Sexual performance anxiety leads to a cycle of troubles. You might become so anxious about sex that you can't perform, which leads to even more sexual performance anxiety.


Question: What is it like to have sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Anxiety can take you out of the right mind-set for sex. When you're focused on whether you'll perform well, you can't concentrate on what you're doing in bed. Even if you are able to get aroused, you may be too distracted to reach orgasm.


Question: How can being intimate in other ways help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Learn how to be intimate without sexual intercourse. Give your partner a sensual massage or take a warm bath together. Take turns pleasing each other with masturbation so you don't always have to feel pressured to perform sexually.


Question: How can medications help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Medications and other therapies can help treat erectile dysfunction and other sexual problems that have physical causes.


Question: How can exercise help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Not only does working out make you feel better about your body, it also improves your stamina in bed.


Question: How can talking to a therapist help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Therapy can help you understand and then reduce or get rid of the issues that are causing your sexual performance anxiety. If you worry about premature ejaculation, for example, you can try some techniques that help you gain more control.


Question: What causes sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: When your mind is too stressed out to focus on sex, your body can't get excited either. Lots of different worries can lead to the problem: Fear that you won't perform well in bed and satisfy your partner sexually Poor body image, including concern over your weight Problems in your relationship Worry that your penis won't "measure up" Concern about ejaculating too early or taking too long to reach orgasm Anxiety about not being able to have an orgasm or enjoy the sexual experience These things may lead your body to release stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. Your state of mind can have a big impact on your ability to get aroused. Even if you're with someone who you find sexually appealing, worrying about whether you'll be able to please your partner can make it impossible for you to do just that.


Question: What are the symptoms of sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Your state of mind can have a big impact on your ability to get aroused. Even if you're with someone who you find sexually appealing, worrying about whether you'll be able to please your partner can make it impossible for you to do just that. One of the effects of the stress hormones is to narrow blood vessels. When less blood flows into your penis, it's more difficult to have an erection. Even guys who normally don't have any trouble getting excited might not be able to get an erection when they're overcome by sexual performance anxiety.


Question: How do I recover from abdominal surgery to prevent inguinal hernia?

Answer: Try not to strain when you poop. You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort.


Question: Who gets inguinal hernia?

Answer: It happens in 2% to 3% of male babies, but less than 1% of baby girls. About 1 in 4 males will have one at some time in their life. It's most common in men over the age of 40. Abdominal surgery can make you more likely to develop a direct inguinal hernia. A family history of this condition raises your odds, too. Smokers may have a higher chance of having inguinal hernias, as well as many other health problems.


Question: What are symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

Answer: You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort.


Question: How does inguinal hernia form in older adults?

Answer: Older adults usually get a direct inguinal hernia because the muscles of their abdominal wall can weaken.


Question: What's the treatment for inguinal hernia?

Answer: Surgery can prevent strangulation, and it's the only way to fix an inguinal hernia. The doctor will push the bulging tissue back inside and strengthen your abdominal wall with stitches and perhaps mesh. She might be able to do this through a small cut in your belly using a special tool -- a procedure called laparoscopy -- which means you'll probably hurt less and heal faster than traditional surgery.


Question: How is inguinal hernia prevented?

Answer: You can't prevent being born with a weaker abdominal wall. But you can take steps to avoid having problems because of it, such as not smoking and keeping your weight in check.


Question: How does inguinal hernia form in babies?

Answer: A baby can get an indirect inguinal hernia if the lining of their abdomen doesn't fully close while they're developing. What's left is an opening at the upper part of the inguinal canal. That's where a hernia can take shape.


Question: What are vagal maneuvers?

Answer: Early beats in the atria speed up your heart rate.


Question: How can vagal maneuvers slow your heart rate?

Answer: Simply put, they affect the vagus nerve, a long nerve that runs from your brain to your belly. It sends signals to the atrioventricular node, a cluster of cells at the bottom of your heart's upper right chamber that helps control your heartbeat. Think of it as an electrical relay station. It takes signals from the sinoatrial node and slows them down before passing them along to the lower chambers. The result: A slower heart rate.


Question: What is compartment syndrome?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Compartment syndrome occurs when excessive pressure builds up inside an enclosed muscle space in the body. Compartment syndrome usually results from bleeding or swelling after an injury. The dangerously high pressure in compartment syndrome impedes the flow of blood to and from the affected tissues. It can be an emergency, requiring surgery to prevent permanent injury.


Question: What happens in compartment syndrome?

Answer: Groups of organs or muscles are organized into areas called compartments. Strong webs of connective tissue called fascia form the walls of these compartments. After an injury, blood or edema (fluid resulting from inflammation or injury) may accumulate in the compartment. The tough walls of fascia cannot easily expand, and compartment pressure rises, preventing adequate blood flow to tissues inside the compartment. Severe tissue damage can result, with loss of body function or even death. The legs, arms, and abdomen are most prone to developing compartment syndrome.


Question: What is the main difference between juvenile and adult rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The main difference between juvenile and adult arthritis is that some children with JRA outgrow the illness, while adults usually have lifelong symptoms. Studies estimate that by adulthood, JRA symptoms disappear in more than half of all affected children. Additionally, unlike adult rheumatoid arthritis, JRA may affect bone development as well as the child's growth.


Question: Is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) an autoimmune disorder?

Answer: JRA is an autoimmune disorder, which means that the body mistakenly identifies some of its own cells and tissues as foreign. The immune system, which normally helps to fight off harmful, foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses, begins to attack healthy cells and tissues. The result is inflammation -- marked by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.


Question: What is systemic rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Systemic Along with joint swelling, the systemic form of JRA is characterized by fever and a light pink rash, and may also affect internal organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The systemic form, sometimes called Still's disease, affects 20% of children with JRA. Almost all children with this type of JRA test negative for both rheumatoid factor and ANA. A small percentage of these children develop arthritis in many joints and can have severe arthritis that continues into adulthood.


Question: What is an autoimmune disorder?

Answer: JRA is an autoimmune disorder, which means that the body mistakenly identifies some of its own cells and tissues as foreign. The immune system, which normally helps to fight off harmful, foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses, begins to attack healthy cells and tissues. The result is inflammation -- marked by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.


Question: What other parts of the body can juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) affect?

Answer: JRA may cause fever and anemia, and can also affect the heart, lungs, eyes, and nervous system. Arthritic episodes can last for several weeks and may recur, although the symptoms tend to be less severe during later recurrent attacks. Treatment is similar to that for adults, with an additional heavy emphasis on physical therapy and exercise to keep growing bodies active. Many of the strong medicines used for adults, though, aren't usually needed for JRA. Permanent damage from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is now rare, and most affected children recover from the disease fully without experiencing any lasting disabilities.


Question: How do doctors classify juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Doctors classify three kinds of JRA, based on the number of joints involved, the symptoms, and the presence of certain antibodies (special proteins made by the immune system) in the blood. These classifications help describe how the disease will progress.


Question: Why do children develop juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Researchers still don't know exactly why the immune system goes awry in children who develop JRA, although they suspect that it's a two-step process. First, something in a child's genetic makeup gives them a tendency to develop JRA. Then an environmental factor, such as a virus, triggers the development of JRA.


Question: Are there different types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Doctors classify three kinds of JRA, based on the number of joints involved, the symptoms, and the presence of certain antibodies (special proteins made by the immune system) in the blood. These classifications help describe how the disease will progress.


Question: Why do you need a stool culture?

Answer: Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).


Question: What are the steps in a stool culture?

Answer: In most cases, you'll follow these steps: Place something in your toilet to catch your poop. Your doctor may give you a small container or you could use a clean, empty plastic one that you have. If your stool isn't loose or watery, you could also spread newspaper or plastic wrap over the toilet rim. Make sure your poop doesn't touch the inside of your toilet. It could pick up germs that aren't yours. Place the sample into the container. Don't use your hands. Your doctor should give you a small spoon or spatula you can throw away after you use it. Don't overfill the container. For the test, you'll only need to provide a sample that's about the size of a walnut. Make sure to include any pieces that are bloody, slimy, or watery. Avoid getting urine mixed up with your stool. If you need to pee, do so before starting. Put the container in a sealed plastic bag and wash your hands well with soap and water. Flush any leftover poop down your toilet. Return the sample to your doctor's office as soon as you can. It can be kept in your refrigerator until then, but for no more than 24 hours. Tell your doctor about any medicines you're taking, since these can affect your test results. He should also know if you're taking any herbs, supplements, vitamins, over-the-counter, or illegal drugs.


Question: What are concerns when taking a stool culture?

Answer: Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).


Question: When do you get results from a stool culture?

Answer: Most of the time, you should get results back within 1 or 2 days.


Question: How is a stool culture done?

Answer: You'll need to give your doctor a sample of your poop. You won't need to do this at the doctor's office. Instead, you'll be given a special container with a lid to take home. This may have your name and birthdate on it. If not, you can write it on the label. Your doctor will go over how to collect the sample and any special instructions.


Question: What do results from a stool culture mean?

Answer: If your test results are negative, that means that they're normal. No germs were found in your poop and you don't have an infection. A positive test result means that your poop was infected with a germ, virus, or other type of bacteria. The lab will tell your doctor which type it is and which medicines will fight against it.


Question: What is a stool culture?

Answer: This test can look in your poop for bacteria, a virus, or other germs that might be making you sick. Your doctor could order this test if you show any of these symptoms: Diarrhea that lasts more than a few days Poop that contains blood or mucus Stomach pain or cramping Nausea Throwing up Fever Your doctor may be more concerned if: You're very young or elderly You have a weakened immune system You've traveled outside the United States You've eaten contaminated food or water Your symptoms are severe You may need antibiotics to get rid of the infection or prevent other health problems, like dehydration (losing too much fluid).