Question: What does a laparoscopic surgery require?

Answer: The procedure occasionally requires the creation of a temporary or permanent stoma, an opening of part of the intestine to the outside surface of the abdomen. The stoma acts as an artificial passageway through which stool (feces) can pass from the intestine to outside the body where it collects in an external pouch, which is attached to the stoma and must be worn at all times. Most of the time, the surgeon will reconnect the two ends of intestines at a later date. The intestine can be rejoined in a number of ways. One method uses a stapling device that positions staples to join the ends of the intestine. Or, the surgeon may pull the intestinal ends up through one of the small incisions and stitch (suture) the ends together. Your surgeon will choose the best method at the time of your surgery. Finally, your surgeon will check that there is no bleeding, rinse out the abdominal cavity, release the gas from the abdomen, and close the small incisions.


Question: What do I do if I have a chemical burn in my eye?

Answer: Have the person immediately rinse the eye or eyes under a faucet, in a gentle shower, or with a clean container of water. Position the person's face so that the injured eye is down and to the side. Avoid spraying a high-pressure water stream into the eye or eyes. Flush with lukewarm water for 15 to 30 minutes. For severe burns, which are commonly caused by household drain cleaner, continue flushing until you see a doctor or you arrive in an emergency room. The person should keep the eye open as wide as possible. Wash the person's hands thoroughly to make sure no chemical is still on them. Flush the eye to remove contact lenses. If they do not come out, try to gently remove them AFTER flushing. Do not rub the eye or place a bandage over the eye. While waiting for medical care, have the person wear sunglasses to decrease light sensitivity. Call 911 for severe burns, otherwise see a doctor or go to an emergency room as soon as possible. Be aware that alkali chemicals (such as ammonia and oven cleaner) might not be painful but they can cause the most serious injuries. Make sure you know what chemical got into the eye so the medical team can give the right treatment. While waiting for medical care, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or the emergency number on the container if you have it for further advice. The health care provider may continue flushing the eye with saline solution, checking periodically until p H is normal. The health care provider may place anesthetic drugs in the eye to decrease discomfort with flushing.


Question: What is the follow-up care for a chemical eye burn?

Answer: The health care provider may place anesthetic drugs in the eye to decrease discomfort with flushing.


Question: How can you flush your eye if you have a chemical eye burn?

Answer: Have the person immediately rinse the eye or eyes under a faucet, in a gentle shower, or with a clean container of water. Position the person's face so that the injured eye is down and to the side. Avoid spraying a high-pressure water stream into the eye or eyes. Flush with lukewarm water for 15 to 30 minutes. For severe burns, which are commonly caused by household drain cleaner, continue flushing until you see a doctor or you arrive in an emergency room. The person should keep the eye open as wide as possible. Wash the person's hands thoroughly to make sure no chemical is still on them. Flush the eye to remove contact lenses. If they do not come out, try to gently remove them AFTER flushing. Do not rub the eye or place a bandage over the eye. While waiting for medical care, have the person wear sunglasses to decrease light sensitivity.


Question: What are examples of vasodilators?

Answer: Examples of vasodilators include: Apresoline Dilatrate- SR Imdur Ismo Isordil Sorbitrate Follow the label to find out how often you should take them.


Question: When should you call your doctor about side effects of vasodilators?

Answer: If you get any of these, contact your doctor right away: Fever Joint or chest pain Sore throat Skin rash (especially on the face) Unusual bleeding or bruising Weight gain Swelling of the ankles While taking them, have your blood pressure checked regularly.


Question: What are the side effects of vasodilators?

Answer: Headache ; rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat; numbness or tingling of the fingers or toes; lightheadedness or passing out; loss of appetite; and diarrhea : Your doctor probably will prescribe more medicine to control these. If they linger or are severe, talk to your doctor. Upset stomach , flushing of face or neck: Call your doctor if these side effects hang around or get serious.


Question: What are the benefits of omega-3 fish oil?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your doctor may have suggested that you eat non-fried salmon or other fatty fish at least twice a week. The reason for this recommendation is that some fish are high in omega-3 fatty acids. These are healthy fats that have been promoted for a variety of heart, brain, and other health benefits.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor before taking omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: Non-prescription omega-3 fatty acid supplements may cause mild side effects, such as: Fishy burps or taste in the mouth Upset stomach Talk to your doctor before taking omega-3 supplements if you: Are pregnant or breastfeeding Take blood-thinning medicines Have an allergy to fish or shellfish Common side effects of prescription omega-3s vary according to the type of prescription.


Question: What prescription omega-3 fatty acids are available?

Answer: These are some of the prescription-strength omega-3 fatty acids that are available: Epanova (omega-3-carboxylic acids). This contains a combination of EPA and DHA. Lovaza (omega-3-acid ethyl esters). This contains a combination of EPA and DHA. Omtryg: (omega-3-acid ethyl esters). This contains a combination of EPA and DHA.


Question: What are the effects of taking prescription omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: Prescription omega-3 fatty acids or high doses of omega-3 supplements may also affect the blood's ability to clot. People who take blood-thinning medications should be aware of this precaution if they also take omega-3s. Talk to your doctor if you take blood thinning medicines, such as warfarin ( Coumadin) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin),. Omega-3 fatty acids lower high triglyceride levels, but brands that contain DHA may raise levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol. This could be a problem if you also have high cholesterol, which often goes hand-in-hand with high triglycerides.


Question: Where can you get DHA omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer: This type is found in: Fish Fortified foods, such as some brands of eggs and orange juice Fish oil supplements you can buy without a prescription Prescription fish oil Algae supplements DHA is essential for brain health and function.


Question: How effective are non-prescription omega-3s to your health?

Answer: When it comes to preventing or treating disease, many studies have not found much benefit in taking low daily doses of omega-3 supplements. Only prescription-strength omega-3 has been found to have health benefits.


Question: What should I consider about my job if I have bipolar disorder?

Answer: Here are some things to consider: Decide what you really need from your job. Do you need to reduce your responsibilities? Do you need extra breaks during the day to reduce stress, or need time off during the work week to keep doctor or therapist appointments?


Question: What is bipolar disorder stigma at work?

Answer: Unfortunately, you may still run into people at work who treat you unfairly because of your bipolar disorder. Often, their behavior stems from ignorance. They might see you as "crazy" or think your condition is "all in your head." You might be able to head off problems by teaching people a little about bipolar disorder.


Question: When should you tell your boss about your bipolar disorder?

Answer: You don't have to talk to your boss or coworkers about your bipolar disorder. Your health is your personal, private business. But if your condition has been affecting your performance at work, being open may be a good idea. Your boss and coworkers may have noticed the changes in your behavior. If you explain what's going on, they may be more sympathetic and helpful than you expect.


Question: How do doctors diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope -- an instrument that has a magnifying glass and a light on it. She'll also test how well you can hear sounds to see if your cholesteatoma has affected your hearing.


Question: What are the symptoms of cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas typically cause symptoms in only one ear. The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance. More seriously, it can turn into an infection in your inner ear or even in your brain. This can cause pus-filled swelling in your brain or meningitis. Both are very rare.


Question: Can a cholesteatoma be from an ear infection or injury?

Answer: A cholesteatoma can happen for several reasons: You get an ear infection or injury. Sometimes after an operation on your ear, a cold, or an allergy, your Eustachian tube doesn't work normally. A vacuum is created in your middle ear, which sucks in your ear drum, making a sac -- the perfect place for skin cells to collect. Cholesteatomas caused by ear infections are the most common kind.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope -- an instrument that has a magnifying glass and a light on it. She'll also test how well you can hear sounds to see if your cholesteatoma has affected your hearing. If your doctor thinks you might have a cholesteatoma, she'll refer you to an ear, nose, and throat specialist. There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma removed surgically?

Answer: You'll be given medicine to make you sleep, and the removal will be done in one of two ways: Mastoidectomy: Your mastoid is the bone behind your ear. Your surgeon opens this bone up to remove the cyst. Tympanoplasty: This fixes damage to your eardrum (tympanic membrane). Your surgeon uses cartilage or muscle from another part of your ear to fill any holes in your eardrum.


Question: Can cholesteatomas return after surgery?

Answer: Cholesteatomas can be aggressive. They can come back if they're not removed completely, so it's important to see your doctor for regular follow-up visits.


Question: How can a problem with a Eustachian tube cause a cholesteatoma?

Answer: If the tube that connects your ear and your nose doesn't work the way it should, your eardrum can't handle changes in pressure well. That can make it collapse and become a pocket. Skin cells build up in the pocket and form a cholesteatoma.


Question: How common are cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas aren't common -- only 9 out of every 100,000 adults in the U. S. get them. They can show up at any age, and men are more likely to get them than women.


Question: How is an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) used to diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): If a CT scan shows your doctor something that needs a closer look, an MRI is used if an infection is suspected to have spread to the brain.


Question: What happens if cholesteatomas are not removed for a long time?

Answer: The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance. More seriously, it can turn into an infection in your inner ear or even in your brain. This can cause pus-filled swelling in your brain or meningitis. Both are very rare.


Question: Are cholesteatomas cancerous?

Answer: But if you don't treat them, they can cause problems, including hearing loss. Cholesteatomas aren't common -- only 9 out of every 100,000 adults in the U. S. get them.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma treated?

Answer: There's no medicine that will make a cholesteatoma go away. They usually need to be removed with surgery. It typically takes 2 to 3 hours, and you won't need to stay in a hospital.


Question: What symptoms are caused by cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas typically cause symptoms in only one ear. The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance.


Question: How is a CT scan (computerized tomography) used to diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear. This can tell your doctor if your cholesteatoma has grown into the bones of your ear, which can mess with your hearing and balance. Your doctor may especially want to do this scan if surgery might be a treatment option for you. It can give him a better picture of what's going on before the procedure.


Question: How do computerized tomography (CT) scans diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear. This can tell your doctor if your cholesteatoma has grown into the bones of your ear, which can mess with your hearing and balance. Your doctor may especially want to do this scan if surgery might be a treatment option for you. It can give him a better picture of what's going on before the procedure.


Question: Which medicines will cure a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There's no medicine that will make a cholesteatoma go away. They usually need to be removed with surgery. It typically takes 2 to 3 hours, and you won't need to stay in a hospital.


Question: How do MRIs diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): If a CT scan shows your doctor something that needs a closer look, an MRI is used if an infection is suspected to have spread to the brain.


Question: What happens if you stop taking antibiotics too soon for strep throat?

Answer: If strep is not fully treated, it might lead to complications such as: Sinus and tonsil infections Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, brain, and joints Kidney problems When people stop taking antibiotics too soon, the bacteria that cause strep can become resistant to the medication. That means another case of strep would be much harder to control.


Question: What happens if you test positive for strep throat?

Answer: Until the antibiotics start to work, these home treatments can help you or your child feel better: Over-the-counter pain relievers: Take acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) to bring down a fever and ease the sore throat.


Question: What test is done to make sure you have strep throat?

Answer: So your doctor will likely do what's called a ârapid strep testâ to be sure it's strep.


Question: How are antibiotics taken?

Answer: Kids or adults who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take one of these antibiotics instead: Azithromycin ( Zithromax, Zmax, Z- Pak) Cephalosporins, including cefixime ( Suprax), cefuroxime ( Ceftin), and cephalexin ( Keflex) Clarithromycin ( Biaxin) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Your child will take antibiotics by mouth 1 to 3 times each day. Sometimes doctors give this medicine as a shot.


Question: How long do you take antibiotics for to treat strep throat?

Answer: Kids usually feel better a day or two after they start them. Once they've been on these drugs for about 24 hours, they're no longer contagious and can go back to school.


Question: If you are allergic to penicillin, what are other types of antibiotics that can be used for strep throat?

Answer: Kids or adults who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take one of these antibiotics instead: Azithromycin ( Zithromax, Zmax, Z- Pak) Cephalosporins, including cefixime ( Suprax), cefuroxime ( Ceftin), and cephalexin ( Keflex) Clarithromycin ( Biaxin) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Your child will take antibiotics by mouth 1 to 3 times each day.


Question: What are the most common types of antibiotics for strep throat?

Answer: Antibiotics can: Relieve a sore throat and other symptoms when they are caused by strep Help your child get better faster Make it less likely it will be spread to others Help prevent complications such as sinus and tonsil infections, and more serious things such as rheumatic fever Doctors most often prescribe penicillin or amoxicillin ( Amoxil) to treat strep throat. They are the top choices because they're safer, inexpensive, and they work well on strep bacteria.


Question: What are complications if strep is not fully treated?

Answer: Even after kids start to feel better, they should finish all their pills. You can leave some bacteria alive if you stop too soon. If strep is not fully treated, it might lead to complications such as: Sinus and tonsil infections Rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, brain, and joints Kidney problems When people stop taking antibiotics too soon, the bacteria that cause strep can become resistant to the medication.


Question: What do antibiotics do for strep throat?

Answer: Antibiotics can: Relieve a sore throat and other symptoms when they are caused by strep Help your child get better faster Make it less likely it will be spread to others Help prevent complications such as sinus and tonsil infections, and more serious things such as rheumatic fever Doctors most often prescribe penicillin or amoxicillin ( Amoxil) to treat strep throat.


Question: How can I use green tea to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Soak your feet in lukewarm green tea and you may notice less symptoms like peeling and redness. That's because nutrients in green tea called polyphenols have antifungal powers. But this method won't work quickly. You may have to soak your feet every day for 3 months. And more studies are needed to prove that green tea can get rid of the fungus, not just make your feet feel and look better.


Question: How can I use sunflower oil to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Made from the pressed seeds of sunflowers, this oil has long been said to fight germs. A brand called Oleozon which contains ozone (another germ-killer) has been shown to get rid of athlete's foot as well as being an antifungal medicine. You apply the oil to your feet instead of taking it by mouth. It's unclear whether all brands of sunflower oil work as well as Oleozon, but it may be worth trying.


Question: How can I use tea tree oil to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. When rubbed into the skin twice a day, tea tree oil can reduce the itching, scaling, swelling, and burning of athlete's foot. But it may take up to a month to see progress and it doesn't work for everyone. Tea tree oil can cause a skin rash or trigger allergies. So talk with your doctor before you try it. She can suggest a tea tree product for you to try, or explain how to dilute the oil to avoid side effects. Never take tea tree oil by mouth since it can be toxic.


Question: How can I use ajoene from garlic to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot. You can take it by mouth as an antifungal pill. You can also find it in a gel form. In one study, people who applied it to their feet once a day saw their symptoms go away after one week. This method could also help keep your athlete's foot from coming back.


Question: When should I call the doctor about nocturnal back pain?

Answer: Other "red flags" include: Back pain that spreads down one or both legs Weakness, numbness, or tingling in legs New problems with bowel or bladder control Pain or throbbing in your abdomen Fever Spots warm to the touch Unexplained weight loss History of cancer History of a suppressed immune system History of trauma If one or more of these symptoms accompanies back pain -- especially if you have a history of cancer -- see your doctor right away. It's also important to call the doctor if your back pain is the result of a recent injury. It's important to note that it's rare that nighttime back pain is caused by a tumor, infection, or AS.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my child's reflux?

Answer: Spits up brown, red, or green fluid Vomits or spits up forcefully every time Vomits and then has trouble breathing or is choking Won't eat or isn't gaining weight Cries frequently Wets fewer diapers than usual Is very drowsy or tired Has trouble breathing Feed your baby in an upright position, not while he or she is lying down.


Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent myself from falling if I have diabetes?

Answer: Regular doctor visits can keep you standing tall. He'll check your feet every time. If you notice any signs of peripheral neuropathy or any issues with your feet, be sure to let him know right away.


Question: When should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes?

Answer: Visit your eye doctor at least once a year for an eye exam with pupil dilation. This test gives her a better view of the inside of your eye. If you notice any changes in your eyes or vision, don't wait for your next appointment. See the doctor right away if you: Have blurry vision See double Have trouble reading signs or books Have pain in one or both eyes Feel pressure inside your eye See spots or floaters Can't see objects to the sides as well as you used to This happens when you have an infection in your gums and other tissues nearby.


Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent diabetes-related health complications?

Answer: While you can't stop the clock, there's a lot you can do to lower the odds of future issues, or at least slow them down. Work with your doctor to make sure your diabetes is well controlled. Follow your treatment plan, take your medicines, watch what you eat, and try to be more active. All of these steps will go a long way toward helping you live a longer, healthier life.


Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent gum disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: Fortunately, there's plenty you can do to prevent problems. Brush twice a day. Floss once a day. And rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash daily. Keeping good sugar control plus visiting your dentist every 6 months helps reduce your risk of dental problems. Contact him if you notice any signs of disease, like gums that become red, swollen, or bleed easily.


Question: Is there anything I can do if diabetes is causing issues in my sex life?

Answer: Men often have problems like: Erectile dysfunction -- trouble getting or keeping an erection Retrograde ejaculation -- semen goes into the bladder instead of out your penis Women may notice: Deceased vaginal lubrication, or vaginal dryness Discomfort or pain during sex Less desire for sex Trouble getting or staying aroused Less sensation during sex Inability to have an orgasm If you have changes in your sexual function or arousal, let your doctor know. It may feel weird to talk about it, but these problems are common and treatable. They range from medicines and lubricants to counseling and exercises that strengthen muscles used during sex.


Question: What is gum disease and what factors put you at risk for it?

Answer: See the doctor right away if you: Have blurry vision See double Have trouble reading signs or books Have pain in one or both eyes Feel pressure inside your eye See spots or floaters Can't see objects to the sides as well as you used to This happens when you have an infection in your gums and other tissues nearby. Without proper dental care, your risk for gum disease may rise as you age. Diabetes makes you more likely to get gum disease. It affects your ability to fight off infections, including those in your mouth. Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss.


Question: What diabetes-related sexual problems often arise in men?

Answer: Men often have problems like: Erectile dysfunction -- trouble getting or keeping an erection Retrograde ejaculation -- semen goes into the bladder instead of out your penis Women may notice: Deceased vaginal lubrication, or vaginal dryness Discomfort or pain during sex Less desire for sex Trouble getting or staying aroused Less sensation during sex Inability to have an orgasm If you have changes in your sexual function or arousal, let your doctor know.


Question: What are possible complications of the flu in people with diabetes?

Answer: Possible flu complications include: Pneumonia Bronchitis Sinus infections Ear infections In serious cases, complications can lead to hospitalization and even death.


Question: Can diabetes cause problems with sexual function?

Answer: Be on the lookout for problems in the bedroom. When you have diabetes, they may start earlier or become more severe than with other folks. The disease can damage nerves or blood vessels that affect your sexual organs.


Question: Can diabetes put me at risk for falling more often?

Answer: They're a serious concern among older adults. Low vision, certain medicines, balance problems, and more can cause you to take a tumble. Diabetes also puts you at risk for falls. It can damage nerves in your feet, a condition called peripheral neuropathy. It can cause pain, tingling, sensitivity, âpins and needles,â or numbness in your feet. This can make it hard to sense where your feet are, which can cause you to easily trip or fall.


Question: Can having the flu make my diabetes worse?

Answer: The flu can also make diabetes worse by raising your blood sugar levels. It can also affect your appetite, and when you don't eat enough your blood sugar plummets. If you come down with the flu, call the doctor. Antiviral medications used to treat the flu work best when given within 48 hours from when symptoms start.


Question: Why is it important to make sure that a donor and recipient are a good match before doing an organ transplant?

Answer: The transplant team will put you through a series of tests to determine whether your blood and tissue types are compatible with the recipient's. Some medical centers can transplant an organ even if the donor's and recipient's blood and tissue types don't match. In that case, the recipient will receive special treatments to prevent his or her body from rejecting the donor organ.


Question: How can you become an organ donor?

Answer: To donate your organs after death, you can either register with your state's donor registry (visit Organ Donor.gov), or fill out an organ donor card when you get or renew your driver's license. To become a living donor, you can either work directly with your family member or friend's transplant team, or contact a transplant center in your area to find out who's in need of an organ.


Question: What happens in a total mastectomy?

Answer: The entire breast is removed, and some lymph nodes may be taken from the armpit area.


Question: What is epidermolysis bullosa acquisita?

Answer: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita mostly affects middle-aged and older adults. It makes the skin so fragile that blisters form from minor injuries.


Question: What can trigger the immune system to misfire in relation to autoimmune blistering disorders?

Answer: Doctors don't know what causes the immune system to misfire. Some people have genes that make them more likely to get one of these disorders. Then, something actually triggers it, such as: Ultraviolet light from the sun Chemicals used to kill pests Hormones Infection Some medicines can also cause autoimmune blistering disorders.


Question: How can intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) and plasmapheresis treat severe autoimmune blistering disorders?

Answer: These drugs help prevent an infection: Antibiotics Antiviral drugs Antifungal drugs For more severe cases, your treatments might include: Intravenous immunoglobulin G ( IVIG). This is a blood product you get through a needle into a vein. IVIG is an antibody found in plasma -- the liquid part of blood. It's taken from thousands of donors and pooled together. IVIG treatment gives you healthy antibodies to take over for the unhealthy ones that caused your disorder. Plasmapheresis. This treatment removes the harmful antibodies from your blood.


Question: What medicines can cause autoimmune blistering disorders?

Answer: These include: Diuretics and other medicines for high blood pressure Rheumatoid arthritis medications Antipsychotic medicines Antibiotics such as amoxicillin ( Moxatag), ciprofloxacin ( Cetraxal, Ciloxan, Cipro), and penicillin Usually the blisters go away once you stop taking the medicine causing them.


Question: What are symptoms of autoimmune blistering disorders?

Answer: The places on your body where blisters form depends on which disorder you have. Some types cause blisters to grow on the skin. Other types cause them to form in the mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. They can be painful or itchy. They can break open and leave a sore.


Question: Why is it important to get the phone number of my cancer doctor?

Answer: It's pretty much certain: once you get home, you'll think of many questions you wanted to ask about your cancer treatment but didn't. So always ask your doctor for his or her card. Find out how you can get in touch with your doctor -- or an oncology nurse in the office -- to ask further questions.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctors to make sure they are qualified to deal with cancer?

Answer: How much experience do you have in treating people with my type of cancer? How many people with my cancer have you treated in the past year? Are you board certified? If so, in what specialty or subspecialty? Do you have other relevant qualifications? Do you work closely with other specialists and health care providers who could be part of my cancer treatment team? What hospitals do you work with?


Question: Is it okay to ask my doctor about his or her qualifications?

Answer: You may feel awkward about quizzing your doctor about his or her experience. But doctors expect these questions and even welcome them. Doctors want their patients to feel comfortable and confident in their care, not intimidated.


Question: Why should I ask for information to bring home after a cancer appointment?

Answer: At the end of your meeting, see if your doctor has any literature or other sources of information about your cancer or the cancer treatments he or she has recommended. Having something you can read over at home -- when you're out of the stressful environment of the doctor's office -- can be enormously helpful.


Question: Why should you tell your doctor about supplements you're taking along with phosphatidylserine?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with any medications.


Question: Does phosphatidylserine interact with other drugs?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: Why is it important for cancer doctors to have experience?

Answer: Ask how many cases your doctor has treated over his or her career and over the past year. How many is enough? There's no easy answer. But you should have the feeling that your doctor is treating people like you on a regular basis.


Question: What other doctors may help with the treatment of cancer?

Answer: Depending on your case, you may also need to see other types of doctors for special cancer care. For instance, you may need to see a hematologist, who specializes in treating disorders of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Sometimes, surgery might be done by a general surgeon instead of a surgical oncologist. Or you might need to see a plastic surgeon if you need reconstructive surgery after treatment. You might also wish to see a psychiatrist or a psycho-oncologist, a psychiatrist who specializes in the psychological challenges of coping with cancer.


Question: Why is it important for cancer doctors to have good training?

Answer: Those framed degrees on a cancer specialist's wall aren't just for decoration, says Terri Ades, DNP, FNP- BC, AOCN, director of cancer information at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta. Look at them closely. Where did your doctor train? Ask if he or she has other special qualifications or areas of interest. Ask if he or she has published any relevant journal articles on cancer treatment.


Question: Why is it important to be open with your questions when choosing a cancer doctor?

Answer: This is one of the most important things to look for in a cancer specialist. You need to feel like your doctor is listening to you and answering your questions. Also, make sure your doctor will be available to you when you need to talk to him or her -- even after you leave the office.


Question: Other than cancer treatment specialists, what other specialists may I need to see for cancer care?

Answer: Depending on your case, you may also need to see other types of doctors for special cancer care. For instance, you may need to see a hematologist, who specializes in treating disorders of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Sometimes, surgery might be done by a general surgeon instead of a surgical oncologist. Or you might need to see a plastic surgeon if you need reconstructive surgery after treatment. You might also wish to see a psychiatrist or a psycho-oncologist, a psychiatrist who specializes in the psychological challenges of coping with cancer.


Question: How important is school, training, and qualifications in choosing a cancer specialist?

Answer: Those framed degrees on a cancer specialist's wall aren't just for decoration, says Terri Ades, DNP, FNP- BC, AOCN, director of cancer information at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta. Look at them closely. Where did your doctor train? Ask if he or she has other special qualifications or areas of interest.


Question: What is a medical oncologist?

Answer: This is the cancer specialist you'll probably see most often. Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your oncologist will also be in charge of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You'll likely visit your medical oncologist for long-term, regular checkups.


Question: What are the different kinds of cancer specialists?

Answer: Basically, there are three ways to treat cancer: with medicine (such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy), with radiation, and with surgery. Each treatment may be handled by a different specialist. Not every person will need all three types of treatments.


Question: What is a surgical oncologist?

Answer: This is a surgeon who has special training in treating cancer. Your surgical oncologist may be called in to diagnose cancer with a biopsy. Surgical oncologists also treat cancer by removing tumors or other cancerous tissue.


Question: How do medical oncologists treat cancer?

Answer: This is the cancer specialist you'll probably see most often. Usually your oncologist will oversee your general care and coordinate treatments with other specialists. Your oncologist will also be in charge of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. You'll likely visit your medical oncologist for long-term, regular checkups.


Question: How do surgical oncologists treat cancer?

Answer: This is a surgeon who has special training in treating cancer. Your surgical oncologist may be called in to diagnose cancer with a biopsy. Surgical oncologists also treat cancer by removing tumors or other cancerous tissue.


Question: Should my cancer specialist be board certified?

Answer: Board-certified doctors are trained in a specific area of medicine and must pass an exam testing their knowledge and skill. So if your doctor is board-certified -- in medical oncology or surgery, for instance -- you can be confident that he or she is highly qualified in that field. That said, board certification is not available for every subtype of cancer treatment.


Question: What type of experience should I look for in my cancer specialist?

Answer: A cancer specialist should have a lot of experience treating the specific type of cancer that you have. Ask how many cases your doctor has treated over his or her career and over the past year. How many is enough? There's no easy answer.


Question: What is a radiation oncologist?

Answer: Radiation oncologist.


Question: Other than tangible qualifications, what should I look for in a cancer specialist?

Answer: This is one of the most important things to look for in a cancer specialist. You need to feel like your doctor is listening to you and answering your questions. Also, make sure your doctor will be available to you when you need to talk to him or her -- even after you leave the office.


Question: Which dairy products have healthy fat?

Answer: Choose low-fat dairy products such as low-fat cheese, skim milk, nonfat yogurt, nonfat frozen yogurt, evaporated skim milk, and buttermilk. Remember to include dairy products in your daily carbohydrate count.


Question: Which meats have healthy fat?

Answer: Favor poultry, fish, and lean red meats. When preparing these foods, don't fry them. Instead, you can bake, broil, grill, roast, or boil. Or, have plant-based sources of protein, like beans or lentils.


Question: What kind of cooking spray should people with diabetes use?

Answer: Use low-fat vegetable cooking spray when preparing foods.


Question: What does late stage Huntington's disease look like?

Answer: In this stage, people with Huntington's must depend on others for their care. Walking and speaking are not possible, Most likely you will still be aware of loved ones around you. Fidgety movements may become severe, or may subside. In children or teens, Huntington's may progress more quickly and cause symptoms like: Stiff or awkward walking Increased clumsiness Changes in speech Trouble learning new information, or loss of previously learned skills For now, treating Huntington's involves managing symptoms: Medications can help control fidgety movements.


Question: Why are cockroaches an asthma trigger?

Answer: Cockroach droppings contain a protein that is a primary asthma trigger. Cockroaches need water to survive and they thrive on what you leave behind. So, they'll be less likely to be a problem in a clean, dry house. Fix leaks, keep food in containers, don't leave out dirty dishes, clean the kitchen thoroughly after meals, including under appliances, and take out the garbage regularly. Also block any openings through which cockroaches could enter from outside, including windows, wall cracks, and floor gaps.


Question: What is internal gangrene?

Answer: Types of wet gangrene include: Internal gangrene: If gangrene occurs inside the body due to blocked blood flow to an internal organ, then it is referred to as internal gangrene. This is usually related to an infected organ such as the appendix or colon.


Question: What conditions increase your risk of gangrene?

Answer: Any condition that affects blood flow increases your risk of gangrene, including: Diabetes Atherosclerosis Peripheral arterial disease Smoking Trauma or serious injury Obesity Raynaud's phenomenon (a condition in which the blood vessels that supply the skin become intermittently narrowed) Weakened immune system There are two main types of gangrene: Dry gangrene: More common in people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, dry gangrene usually affects the hands and feet.


Question: How are antibiotics used to treat gangrene?

Answer: Antibiotics are used to treat and prevent infections. These are usually given by intravenous injection into a vein.


Question: How is maggot therapy used to treat gangrene?

Answer: Maggots provide a non-surgical way to remove dead tissue. When used to treat gangrene, maggots from fly larvae (specially bred in a laboratory so they are sterile) are placed on the wound, where they consume the dead and infected tissue without harming healthy tissue. They also help fight infection and speed up healing by releasing substances that kill bacteria.


Question: How is oxygen therapy used to treat gangrene?

Answer: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used in some cases of wet gangrene or ulcers related to diabetes or peripheral artery disease. During treatment, the patient is put in a specially designed chamber filled with oxygen at a higher pressure than oxygen found in the outside air. The theory is that this high level of oxygen saturates the blood and encourages healing of the dying tissue. Oxygen therapy may also reduce the growth of bacteria that cannot thrive in an oxygen-rich environment.


Question: What is gas gangrene?

Answer: It occurs when infection develops deep inside the body, such as inside muscles or organs, usually as a result of trauma. The bacteria that causes gas gangrene, called clostridia, release dangerous toxins or poisons that wreak havoc throughout the body, along with gas which can be trapped within body tissue. As the condition progresses, the skin may become pale and gray, and make a crackling sound when pressed, due to the gas within the tissue. Gas gangrene warrants immediate medical treatment. Without treatment, death can occur within 48 hours.


Question: What is dry gangrene?

Answer: Any condition that affects blood flow increases your risk of gangrene, including: Diabetes Atherosclerosis Peripheral arterial disease Smoking Trauma or serious injury Obesity Raynaud's phenomenon (a condition in which the blood vessels that supply the skin become intermittently narrowed) Weakened immune system There are two main types of gangrene: Dry gangrene: More common in people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases, dry gangrene usually affects the hands and feet. It develops when blood flow to the affected area is impaired, usually as a result of poor circulation. In this type, the tissue dries up and may be brown to purplish-blue to black in color and often falls off. Unlike other types of gangrene, infection is typically not present in dry gangrene. However, dry gangrene can lead to wet gangrene if it becomes infected.


Question: How can you prevent gangrene from happening again?

Answer: Often vascular surgery, such as bypass surgery or angioplasty, is needed to restore blood flow. Medication to prevent blood clots may be used in some cases.


Question: What are symptoms of dry gangrene?

Answer: You may notice the following symptoms at the site of the dry gangrene: Dry and shriveled skin that changes color from blue to black and eventually sloughs off Cold and numb skin Pain may or may not be present Symptoms of wet gangrene may include: Swelling and pain at the site of infection Change in skin color from red to brown to black Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge (pus) Fever and feeling unwell A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when pressed Internal gangrene usually is painful in the area of the gangrene.


Question: What are symptoms of sepsis related to gangrene?

Answer: Symptoms of sepsis may include: Low blood pressure Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Change in body temperature Light-headedness Body pain and rash Confusion Cold, clammy, and pale skin If you think you or a loved one may have sepsis, go to the emergency room immediately.


Question: What is the outlook for gangrene?

Answer: Gangrene is a serious medical condition that requires immediate medical treatment. While most people with dry gangrene recover fully with treatment, gangrene that involves an infection can be life-threatening. The sooner you get treatment, the better your chances of recovery. If you have ongoing and unexplained pain in any area in your body, fever, a wound that is slow to heal, or you notice a change in skin color, make an appointment to see your doctor right away or go to the emergency room.


Question: What is gangrene?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Gangrene is a condition that occurs when body tissue dies. It is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an underlying illness, injury, and/or infection. Fingers, toes, and limbs are most often affected, but gangrene can also occur inside the body, damaging organs and muscles. There are different types of gangrene and all require immediate medical attention.


Question: What are symptoms of wet gangrene?

Answer: You may notice the following symptoms at the site of the dry gangrene: Dry and shriveled skin that changes color from blue to black and eventually sloughs off Cold and numb skin Pain may or may not be present Symptoms of wet gangrene may include: Swelling and pain at the site of infection Change in skin color from red to brown to black Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge (pus) Fever and feeling unwell A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when pressed Internal gangrene usually is painful in the area of the gangrene.


Question: How is surgery used to treat gangrene?

Answer: Also called debridement, the dead tissue is surgically removed to prevent the spread of infection. In some situations, amputation (removal of the affected limb, finger or toe) may be required.


Question: What is wet gangrene?

Answer: Wet gangrene: Unlike dry gangrene, wet gangrene almost always involves an infection. Injury from burns or trauma where a body part is crushed or squeezed can rapidly cut off blood supply to the affected area, causing tissue death and increased risk of infection. The tissue swells and blisters and is called "wet" because of pus. Infection from wet gangrene can spread quickly throughout the body, making wet gangrene a very serious and potentially life-threatening condition if not treated quickly.


Question: What is Fournier's gangrene?

Answer: Fournier's gangrene: Also a rare condition, Fournier's gangrene is caused by an infection in the genital area. Men are affected more often than women. If the infection gets into the bloodstream, a condition called sepsis, it can be life-threatening.


Question: Why is oral health so important?

Answer: Nearly 9 in10 diseases can cause symptoms in your mouth. That puts your dentist on the front line for spotting serious health conditions developing silently in your body. This is one reason it's so important to see your dentist at least two times a year for dental cleanings and checkups.


Question: How can bad breath (halitosis) be a sign of another health problem?

Answer: Excessive vomiting, such as seen with bulimia, can lead to other oral health issues such as: Dry mouth Dry and cracked lips Loss of tooth enamel Sensitive teeth Swollen salivary glands Bad breath can result from a dry mouth or the foods and drinks you consume. But gum disease and gingivitis can also contribute to the annoying recurrence of bad breath. Beyond your teeth and gums, bad breath that persists can result from certain underlying health problems that require immediate medical attention.


Question: How can bleeding and sore gums be a sign of another health problem?

Answer: Gums that ache or bleed may be the result of gum disease that is getting worse. Gum disease is often more severe in people with underlying conditions such as diabetes, which reduces the body's resistance to infection. This puts your gums at risk for inflammation due to the bacteria that live in plaque. Other oral signs of diabetes include: Dry mouth Fruity smelling breath Oral fungal infections Teeth that move or fall out unexpectedly are a sign of advanced gum disease.


Question: What are some warning signs that show  symptoms in your mouth?

Answer: Symptoms to look out for include: Gum, tooth, or jaw pain Bleeding gums Loose or lost teeth Recurring bad breath Sores, irregular patches, or lumps in your mouth If you notice any of these signs, see your dentist right away. Your dentist can diagnose specific dental issues that may be developing. Or she can refer you to another health care professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Question: How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define metabolic syndrome?

Answer: According to American Heart Association guidelines, any three of the following traits in the same person meet the criteria for the metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity: a waist circumference over 102 cm (40 in) in men and over 88 cm (35 inches) in women Serum triglycerides: 150 mg/dl or above, or taking medication for elevated triglycerides HDL (''good'') cholesterol: 40mg/dl or lower in men and 50mg/dl or lower in women Blood pressure of 130/85 or above (or taking medication for high blood pressure) Fasting blood glucoseof 100 mg/dl or above The World Health Organization ( WHO) has slightly different criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome: High insulin levels, an elevated fasting blood glucose or an elevated post-meal glucose alone with at least two of the following criteria: Abdominal obesity as defined by a waist-to-hip ratio of greater than 0.9, a body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2 or a waist measurement over 37 inches Cholesterol panel showing a triglyceride level of at least 150 mg/dl or an HDL cholesterol lower than 35 mg/dl Blood pressure of 130/80 or higher (or on treatment for high blood pressure) Approximately 20%-30% of the population in industrialized countries has metabolic syndrome.


Question: How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: According to American Heart Association guidelines, any three of the following traits in the same person meet the criteria for the metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity: a waist circumference over 102 cm (40 in) in men and over 88 cm (35 inches) in women Serum triglycerides: 150 mg/dl or above, or taking medication for elevated triglycerides HDL (''good'') cholesterol: 40mg/dl or lower in men and 50mg/dl or lower in women Blood pressure of 130/85 or above (or taking medication for high blood pressure) Fasting blood glucoseof 100 mg/dl or above The World Health Organization ( WHO) has slightly different criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome: High insulin levels, an elevated fasting blood glucose or an elevated post-meal glucose alone with at least two of the following criteria: Abdominal obesity as defined by a waist-to-hip ratio of greater than 0.9, a body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2 or a waist measurement over 37 inches Cholesterol panel showing a triglyceride level of at least 150 mg/dl or an HDL cholesterol lower than 35 mg/dl Blood pressure of 130/80 or higher (or on treatment for high blood pressure) Approximately 20%-30% of the population in industrialized countries has metabolic syndrome.


Question: What are the dangers of having metabolic syndrome?

Answer: While obesity itself is likely the greatest risk factor, others include: Being in postmenopause Smoking Eating a diet that is excessively high in carbohydrates Not getting enough physical activity Metabolic syndrome is a condition that can lead to both diabetes and heart disease, two of the most common chronic diseases today. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (the common type of diabetes) anywhere from 9 to 30 times over the normal population. As to the risk of heart disease, studies vary, but metabolic syndrome appears to increase the risk 2 to 4 times that of the normal population.


Question: How can you keep the pool child-safe?

Answer: That means: Fences or walls at least four feet high completely around the pool, free of articles that a child could use to climb over fence, such as lawn chairs or BBQ grills and have no footholds; and vertical slats should have no more than 4 inches of space between them. Gates that are self-closing and self-latching, that open outward with latches out of reach of children; the latch should be 54 inches from the ground Installing alarms on doors leading to the pool area, or alarms on the pool Using a cover for the pool when it is not in use. These should cover the entire pool so a child cannot slip inside. No standing water should collect on top. Floating winter covers can be dangerous. Making sure drain covers are properly fitted and are paired or have vacuum suction releases to prevent being trapped under water Keeping toys away from the pool when the pool is not in use Keep rescue equipment close by.


Question: Should you check with your health care provider about your cholesterol home test kit results?

Answer: In addition, even if you consistently get normal results from your cholesterol home kit test strips, it's very important to consult with your health care provider. To determine your risk of heart disease, your health care provider will evaluate your cholesterol level along with other factors such as your weight, physical exam results, medical history, and family history. Your health care provider may conduct other tests aside from the cholesterol screening.


Question: How do newer cholesterol home test kits work?

Answer: Some new cholesterol home test kits have an electronic meter. This meter functions in a similar way as a diabetes blood glucose meter. The test strips are inserted into the electronic device and a small computer measures the amount of cholesterol automatically. The electronically metered cholesterol home test kit costs more than the paper test strip method. The electronic meter kit, however, is helpful if you want to check your cholesterol level more frequently.


Question: What causes the stomach flu?

Answer: Causes range from bacteria, viruses, and parasites to food reactions and unclean water.


Question: What bacteria cause the stomach flu?

Answer: Bacteria that cause gastroenteritis include: E. coli Campylobacter Shigella Salmonella Viruses cause close to half of all gastroenteritis cases in adults and even more in children.


Question: How do stomach viruses spread?

Answer: Some of them may include: Norovirus or Norwalk-like virus Adenovirus Rotavirus Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Viral hepatitis Stomach viruses spread fast because people don't wash their hands well after using the bathroom or changing a baby's diaper. Wash long enough to sing " Happy Birthday" twice. Many doctors call stomach flu "a family affair" because it's so highly contagious it can affect every member of a family.


Question: What are signs that you need medical attention for the stomach flu?

Answer: In severe cases, days of throwing up and having diarrhea (or both) can cause your body to lose a lot of moisture. If you lose too much, you may need medical attention. Sometimes it can be life threatening. Signs to watch for include: Sunken eyes Lightheadedness Being more thirsty Dry or sticky mouth Lack of normal elasticity of the skin Peeing less Fewer tears You can avoid it by drinking plenty of liquids.


Question: How can you avoid medical complications of the stomach flu?

Answer: Signs to watch for include: Sunken eyes Lightheadedness Being more thirsty Dry or sticky mouth Lack of normal elasticity of the skin Peeing less Fewer tears You can avoid it by drinking plenty of liquids. When you can keep food down again, try bland things like toast, rice, bananas, and applesauce first. Go back to a normal diet within 24 hours if you can.


Question: What are symptoms of the stomach flu?

Answer: They can include: Cramps in your belly or sides Stomach pain Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea You may also have a fever, headache, and swollen lymph glands, depending on the type of germ that causes it.


Question: Can food cause gastroenteritis?

Answer: Some foods may irritate your stomach and also cause gastroenteritis. The way someone who can't digest dairy (or is lactose intolerant) reacts to dairy products is a good example. Severe reactions to seafood are another example.


Question: Can parasites cause gastroenteritis?

Answer: While they're not as common, parasites like giardia, cryptosporidium, and E. hystolica (the cause of dysentery) can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. They're often found in parts of the world where the water isn't clean. Travelers should drink bottled water to avoid them.


Question: What symptoms of stomach flu should cause you to call your doctor?

Answer: If you have symptoms of stomach flu and are weak and dizzy, you may be dehydrated. Call your doctor if you have these symptoms. Blood in your vomit or poop Dehydration -- you can't pee, or there's very little when you do go, you're very thirsty, can't make tears, and your mouth is always dry Fever of 100.4 degrees F or higher in an infant or 102.2 degrees F or higher in an older child or adult Swollen tummy or pain in the right lower part of the belly Vomiting that lasts more than 48 hours If you can't keep fluids down and you're losing them from fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, get emergency medical help. Tell friends and family that if you pass out, someone should call 911.


Question: What viruses cause the stomach flu?

Answer: Bacteria that cause gastroenteritis include: E. coli Campylobacter Shigella Salmonella Viruses cause close to half of all gastroenteritis cases in adults and even more in children. Some of them may include: Norovirus or Norwalk-like virus Adenovirus Rotavirus Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Viral hepatitis Stomach viruses spread fast because people don't wash their hands well after using the bathroom or changing a baby's diaper.


Question: Who is most likely to get stomach flus?

Answer: Those high on the list are pregnant women, infants, people who aren't eating well, people whose immune systems are weakened, and older adults. How severe your case is depends on how well your body can resist the infection.


Question: Why is it important to know the connection between fibromyalgia and depression?

Answer: Learning more about the connection between fibromyalgia and depression can help you seek appropriate medical treatment from your doctor. That includes asking your doctor about antidepressants. By following an appropriate fibromyalgia treatment plan and getting the support of family and friends, you can take control of your fibromyalgia. You can also get control over your symptoms of depression and improve your quality of life.


Question: What are signs of depression with chronic pain in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: The signs of depression with chronic pain may include: decreased energy difficulty concentrating or making decisions feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or irritability loss of interest in nearly all activities persistent sad or anxious mood uncontrollable tearfulness In severe cases, depression with chronic pain can lead to thoughts of death or suicide.


Question: What are some tips for healthy eating if you have ulcerative colitis and are pregnant?

Answer: Pregnant or not, it makes sense when you have ulcerative colitis to avoid greasy, fried, high-sugar, and spicy foods. Stay away from nuts, popcorn, and corn, because they can make swelling worse. Make sure you drink plenty of water, since diarrhea can cause dehydration. Sometimes, five or six small meals a day are easier to handle than three big ones. This habit also helps when you get nausea and heartburn because of your pregnancy.


Question: What are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids to eat when pregnant with ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: If you need to be lactose-free, try: Lactose-free milk or calcium-fortified soy milk Lactase pills or drops, which help you digest lactose Fish is a great way to get omega-3 fatty acids, which help build your baby's brain and eyes. They may also cut down on UC symptoms and prevent flares. Some seafood is high in mercury. But when you're pregnant, you can eat other fish by following these guidelines: Have up to 12 ounces a week of low-mercury fish such as shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, and catfish. Don't eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish. They tend to be higher in mercury. Limit albacore tuna to 6 ounces a week.


Question: How much weight should you gain during pregnancy if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: If you're at a healthy weight, you should have put on 25 to 35 pounds by the end of your pregnancy. If you're underweight to start, you should aim to gain 28 to 40 pounds.


Question: What foods are good calcium sources if you're pregnant and have ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Some options include: Yogurt or hard cheeses, which might be easier to digest Juices and other drinks, cereals, and breads with added calcium Tofu, soybeans, black-eyed peas, or canned fish with bones you can eat (such as sardines or salmon) Drinking milk with a meal, or adding it to cereal to make it easier on your system.


Question: Has the FDA issues any warning around the use of stimulant drugs for ADHD?

Answer: The FDA warns about the risk of drug abuse with amphetamine stimulants. FDA safety advisers are also concerned that all amphetamine and methylphenidate stimulants used for ADHD may make heart and psychiatric problems more likely.


Question: What are the side effects of short-acting stimulants for ADHD?

Answer: Side effects of short-acting stimulants include loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep problems, crankiness, and tics.


Question: What is the medical treatment for an abscess?

Answer: The area around the abscess will be numbed with medication. It is often difficult to completely numb the area, but local anesthesia can make the procedure almost painless. The area will be covered with an antiseptic solution and sterile towels placed around it. The doctor will cut open the abscess and totally drain it of pus and debris. Once the sore has drained, the doctor may insert some packing into the remaining cavity to allow the infection to continue to drain. It may be kept open for a day or two. A bandage will then be placed over the packing, and you will be given instructions about home care. Most people feel better immediately after the abscess is drained. If you are still experiencing pain, the doctor may prescribe pain pills for home use over the next 1-2 days. You are usually sent home with oral antibiotics.


Question: How can I treat an abscess at home?

Answer: If the abscess is small (less than 1 cm or less than a half-inch across), applying warm compresses to the area for about 30 minutes 4 times daily may help. Do not attempt to drain the abscess by squeezing or pressing on it. This can push the infected material into the deeper tissues. Do not stick a needle or other sharp instrument into the abscess center, because you may injure an underlying blood vessel or cause the infection to spread.


Question: When should you seek medical care for an abscess?

Answer: Call your doctor if any of the following occur with an abscess: You have a sore larger than 1 cm or a half-inch across. The sore continues to enlarge or becomes more painful. The sore is on or near your rectal or groin area. You develop a fever. You notice red streaks, which can mean the infection is spreading. You have any of the medical conditions listed above.


Question: What synonyms and keywords are related to abscess?

Answer: abscess, abscesses, boils, carbuncles, furuncles, hidradenitis suppurativa, pilonidal abscess, pustules, whiteheads


Question: What is the outlook for a skin abscess?

Answer: Once treated, the abscess should heal. Many people require antibiotics, but you may not. The pain often improves immediately and subsides more each day. Wound care instructions from your doctor may include wound repacking, soaking, washing, or bandaging for about 7 to 10 days. This usually depends on the size and severity of the abscess. After the first 2 days, drainage from the abscess should be minimal to none. All sores should heal in 10-14 days.


Question: Where can abscesses show up?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Painful and warm to touch, abscesses can show up any place on your body. The most common sites on the skin in your armpits (axillae), areas around your anus and vagina ( Bartholin gland abscess), the base of your spine (pilonidal abscess), around a tooth (dental abscess), and in your groin. Inflammation around a hair follicle can also lead to the formation of an abscess, which is called a boil (furuncle).


Question: What is the follow-up for abscess?

Answer: Follow carefully any instructions your doctor gives you. The doctor may have you remove the packing yourself with instructions on the best way to do this. This may include soaking or flushing. Be sure to keep all follow-up appointments. Report any fever, redness, swelling, or increased pain to your doctor immediately.


Question: How can I prevent a skin abscess?

Answer: Maintain good personal hygiene by washing your skin with soap and water regularly. Take care to avoid nicking yourself when shaving your underarms or pubic area. Seek immediate medical attention for any puncture wounds, especially if: You think there may be some debris in the wound. The puncture wound was caused by a bite - human, insect or animal. You have one of the listed medical conditions. You are on steroids or chemotherapy.


Question: What are the symptoms of an abscess?

Answer: Most often, an abscess becomes a painful, compressible mass that is red, warm to touch, and tender. As some abscesses progress, they may "point" and come to a head so you can see the material inside and then spontaneously open (rupture). Most will continue to get worse without care. The infection can spread to the tissues under the skin and even into the bloodstream. If the infection spreads into deeper tissue, you may develop a fever and begin to feel ill.


Question: When should you go to the emergency room for an abscess?

Answer: Go to a hospital's Emergency Department if any of these conditions occur with an abscess: Fever of 102 ° F or higher, especially if you have a chronic disease or are on steroids, chemotherapy, or dialysis A red streak leading away from the sore or with tender lymph nodes (lumps) in an area anywhere between the abscess and your chest area (for example, an abscess on your leg can cause swollen lymph nodes in your groin area) Any facial abscess larger than 1 cm or a half-inch across The doctor will take a medical history and may ask you: How long the abscess has been present If you recall any injury to that area What medicines you may be taking If you have any allergies If you have had a fever at home The doctor will examine the abscess and surrounding areas.


Question: What causes an abscess?

Answer: When our normal skin barrier is broken, even from minor trauma, or small tears, or inflammation, bacteria can enter the skin. An abscess can form as your body's defenses try to kill these germs with your inflammatory response (white blood cells = pus). Obstruction in a sweat or oil (sebaceous) gland, or a hair follicle or a pre-existing cyst can also trigger an abscess. The middle of the abscess liquefies and contains dead cells, bacteria, and other debris. This area begins to grow, creating tension under the skin and further inflammation of the surrounding tissues. Pressure and inflammation cause the pain.


Question: What are the risk factors for abscesses?

Answer: Chronic steroid therapy Chemotherapy Diabetes Cancer AIDS Sickle cell disease Peripheral vascular disorders Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Severe burns Severe trauma Alcoholism or IV drug abuse Obesity Other risk factors for abscess include exposure to dirty environments, exposure to persons with certain types of skin infections, poor hygiene, and poor circulation.


Question: What causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Answer: A problem in the hemoglobin-beta gene found on chromosome 11. The defect forms abnormal hemoglobin molecules. Both your parents need to pass the abnormal hemoglobin gene on to you in order for you to develop the disease. If both your parents carry the defective gene, you have a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting the disease and becoming sick with it.


Question: What is the most severe type of sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Answer: Hemoglobin SS, also called sickle cell anemia, is usually the most severe type of this disorder.


Question: What are rare types of sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Answer: Other common forms include: Hemoglobin SC (usually mild) Hemoglobin SÎ² thalassemia Rare types are: Hemoglobin SD Hemoglobin SE Hemoglobin SO In the U. S., newborn screening programs require that all babies are tested for sickle cell disease shortly after birth.


Question: When are babies screened for sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Answer: Other common forms include: Hemoglobin SC (usually mild) Hemoglobin SÎ² thalassemia Rare types are: Hemoglobin SD Hemoglobin SE Hemoglobin SO In the U. S., newborn screening programs require that all babies are tested for sickle cell disease shortly after birth.


Question: How many people in the United States have sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Answer: About 100,000 people in the United States have sickle cell disease. Most of them are African- Americans.


Question: How does adding chemotherapy to immunotherapy work to fight cancer?

Answer: Researchers think that similar to radiation, chemotherapy may make some tumors more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is used along with two types of immune cell gene therapy: CAR T-cell therapy and TCR therapy. CAR T-cell therapy has been approved to treat two types of blood cancer, while TCR therapy is still in the research stages. Both treatments involve âreprogrammingâ immune cells called T cells to fight cancer better. Doctors typically recommend a course of chemotherapy before the re-engineered T cells are put in your bloodstream to cut down the number of other immune cells in your body. This makes it easier for the T cells to seek out and destroy cancer cells.


Question: Has pairing immunotherapy with radiation been a successful cancer treatment?

Answer: There are good reasons for doctors to be excited about pairing immunotherapy drugs with radiation that shrinks tumors and kills cancer cells: Radiation affects some immune cells. Immunotherapy can reverse this damage. Studies show that radiation can make cancer cells vulnerable to attack by the immune system. Combining radiation with immunotherapy drugs has been studied in breast cancer, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, melanoma, uterine cancer, and sarcoma.


Question: What causes abnormal prolactin (PRL) levels?

Answer: Your doctor may order a prolactin test when you report having the following symptoms: For women Irregular or no periods Infertility Breast milk discharge when you're not pregnant or nursing Tenderness in your breast Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness For men Decreased sex drive Difficulty in getting an erection Breast tenderness or enlargement Breast milk production (very rare) For both Unexplained headaches Vision problems Normally, men and nonpregnant women have just small traces of prolactin in their blood. When you have high levels, this could be caused by: Prolactinoma (a benign tumor in your pituitary gland that produces too much prolactin) Hypothyroidism (your thyroid gland isn't producing enough hormones) Diseases affecting the hypothalamus(the part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland) Anorexia (an eating disorder) Drugs that are used to treat depression, psychosis, and high blood pressure Chest injury or irritation (for example, scars, shingles, or even a bra that's too tight) Also, kidney disease, liver failure, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (a hormone imbalance that affects ovaries) all can affect the body's ability to remove prolactin.


Question: When is a prolactin (PRL) test needed for men and women?

Answer: Your doctor may order a prolactin test when you report having the following symptoms: For women Irregular or no periods Infertility Breast milk discharge when you're not pregnant or nursing Tenderness in your breast Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness For men Decreased sex drive Difficulty in getting an erection Breast tenderness or enlargement Breast milk production (very rare) For both Unexplained headaches Vision problems Normally, men and nonpregnant women have just small traces of prolactin in their blood.


Question: What happens if your prolactin (PRL) levels are low?

Answer: If your prolactin levels are below the normal range, this could mean your pituitary gland isn't working at full steam. That's known as hypopituitarism. Lower levels of prolactin usually do not need medical treatment.


Question: When is a prolactin (PRL) test needed for women?

Answer: Your doctor may order a prolactin test when you report having the following symptoms: For women Irregular or no periods Infertility Breast milk discharge when you're not pregnant or nursing Tenderness in your breast Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness For men Decreased sex drive Difficulty in getting an erection Breast tenderness or enlargement Breast milk production (very rare) For both Unexplained headaches Vision problems Normally, men and nonpregnant women have just small traces of prolactin in their blood.


Question: What is the normal range for prolactin (PRL)?

Answer: The normal range for prolactin in your blood are: Males: 2 to 18 nanograms per milliliter (ng/m L) Nonpregnant females: 2 to 29 ng/m L Pregnant females: 10 to 209 ng/m L If your value falls outside the normal range, this doesn't automatically mean you have a problem.


Question: When is a prolactin (PRL) test needed for men?

Answer: Your doctor may order a prolactin test when you report having the following symptoms: For women Irregular or no periods Infertility Breast milk discharge when you're not pregnant or nursing Tenderness in your breast Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness For men Decreased sex drive Difficulty in getting an erection Breast tenderness or enlargement Breast milk production (very rare) For both Unexplained headaches Vision problems Normally, men and nonpregnant women have just small traces of prolactin in their blood.


Question: What happens if your prolactin (PRL) levels are high?

Answer: The normal range for prolactin in your blood are: Males: 2 to 18 nanograms per milliliter (ng/m L) Nonpregnant females: 2 to 29 ng/m L Pregnant females: 10 to 209 ng/m L If your value falls outside the normal range, this doesn't automatically mean you have a problem. Sometimes the levels can be higher if you've eaten or were under a lot of stress when you got your blood test. Also, what's considered a normal range may be different depending on which lab your doctor uses. If your levels are very high -- up to 1,000 times the upper limit of what's considered normal -- this could be a sign that you have prolactinoma. This tumor is not cancer, and it can be treated with medicine. In this case, your doctor may want you to get an MRI. You'll lie inside a magnetic tube as the MRI device uses radio waves to put together a detailed image of your brain. It will show whether there's a mass near your pituitary gland and, if so, how big it is.


Question: Can I treat my sciatica at home?

Answer: Mild sciatica usually responds well to do-it-yourself treatment, like over-the-counter medicines and hot and cold packs. But if your back pain lasts for more than a week or gets worse, it's time to call the doctor. If you have pain that comes on suddenly, is caused by an injury, or makes you lose control of your bladder or bowels, these are emergencies and you should call your doctor immediately.


Question: What are side effects of guarana?

Answer: The side effects of guarana are generally the same as the side effects of caffeine. They include sleep problems, anxiety, restlessness, upset stomach, and quickened heartbeat. Long-term use of caffeine may result in tolerance and psychological dependence.


Question: What can cause itchy skin?

Answer: Many things can make you want to scratch: Eczema Dry skin Dermatitis Psoriasis Poison ivy Insect bites Hives Shingles Chickenpox Sunburn The kind you put in your bath water isn't the same type that you eat for breakfast.


Question: What ingredients are needed in an oatmeal bath for itchy skin?

Answer: Start with uncooked, whole oats. You can get them from the grocery or health food store. Use a clean food processer or blender to grind them into a fine, even powder. To test the results, add some ground oats to a glass of water. They should quickly turn the liquid milky white. If you're using a store-bought product, follow the directions on the package.


Question: What is a concussion?

Answer: A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury ( TBI) that happens when the brain is jarred or shaken hard enough to bounce against the skull. This can happen when two athletes collide or when someone falls and hits his or her head.


Question: What are signs of a traumatic brain injury?

Answer: In 2008, the following activities resulted in the highest number of head injuries for all ages: Cycling Football Basketball Baseball and softball Riding powered recreational vehicles such as dune buggies, go-carts, and mini bikes According to the Brain Injury Association of America, the five leading activities responsible for concussions in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years of age are: Cycling Football Basketball Playground activities Soccer Signs of a TBI include: Confusion Depression Dizziness or balance problems Double or fuzzy vision Feeling foggy or groggy Feeling sluggish or tired Headache Memory loss Nausea Sensitivity to light or noise Sleep disturbance Trouble concentrating Trouble remembering Indications that a head injury is more serious than a concussion and requires emergency treatment include: Changes in size of pupils Clear or bloody fluid draining from the nose, mouth, or ears Convulsions Distorted facial features Facial bruising Fracture in the skull or face Impaired hearing, smell, taste, or vision Inability to move one or more limbs Irritability Lightheadedness Loss of consciousness Low breathing rate Restlessness, clumsiness, or lack of coordination Severe headache Slurred speech or blurred vision Stiff neck or vomiting Sudden worsening of symptoms after initial improvement Swelling at the site of the injury Persistent vomiting If you think you may have a concussion or suspect that someone else has one, the most important step to take is to prevent further injury.


Question: Is it possible to have an extra sinus?

Answer: A deviated septum is one reason some people have sinus issues.


Question: What should you do if your sinus problems are allergy related?

Answer: If your sinus problems are related to allergies: Avoid your allergy triggers. Use antihistamines and decongestants if needed. Talk to your doctor to see if you need prescription medicines, allergy shots, or other forms of "immunotherapy" (such as under-the-tongue tablets). Lastly, if your sinus problems keep coming back, you can ask your doctor about the pros and cons of surgery to clean and drain the sinuses.


Question: How can I prevent nausea and vomiting?

Answer: If the smell of hot food makes you feel ill, try eating cool or cold meals. Eat six small meals each day instead of three large ones. Do not lay down after eating. Rest with your head higher than your feet. If you feel nauseated when you wake up in the morning, eat some lean meat or cheese before going to bed or keep plain crackers by the side of your bed and eat a few before getting up. Drink at least six glasses of water a day. If you are already feeling nauseated, these tips may help you avoid vomiting: Sit down or lie in a propped-up position.


Question: How can I prevent vomiting?

Answer: If you are already feeling nauseated, these tips may help you avoid vomiting: Sit down or lie in a propped-up position. Physical activity will make you feel worse. Drink a small amount of a sweet beverage such as ginger ale or Gatorade. Drinks with sugar in them help calm the stomach. However, avoid acidic drinks like orange juice or grapefruit juice. Have a popsicle or a similar sweetened ice treat.


Question: What is the link between high blood sugar levels and Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: High blood sugar has been linked to higher levels of protein pieces called beta amyloid. When these clump together, they get stuck between the nerve cells in your brain and block signals. Nerve cells that can't talk to each other is a main trait of Alzheimer's.


Question: What is the link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes?

Answer: Research shows that people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of getting Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia later in life.


Question: How can insulin resistance cause Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: When your cells don't use insulin the way they should, that affects the mechanics of your brain. Your cells don't get the fuel they need, so your brain can't work right. Your blood sugar goes up, and over time, that can cause harmful fatty deposits in your blood vessels. Too much insulin can throw off the balance of chemicals in your brain.


Question: Can managing your blood sugar levels help prevent Alzheimer's disease when you have diabetes?

Answer: A few studies lead some scientists to believe that keeping your A1c below 7% may help your brain stay well.


Question: How can working out help prevent Alzheimer's disease when you have diabetes?

Answer: Exercise will help your cells use insulin better and help you manage your blood sugar and avoid too much insulin in your blood and brain. Physical activity brings oxygen-rich blood to your brain, and it lowers your risk of heart disease.


Question: Is my child hyper because he or she is not getting enough exercise?

Answer: Kids can get restless if they don't get enough physical activity to burn off their energy. You can help your child get the exercise he needs, though. For instance, take your family for a nature walk or hike. Or go bike riding or play tag in the front yard. If you have a yard, set up a safe space to play, such as a sandbox.


Question: What does the research say about the correlation between hyper behavior and sugar?

Answer: Many people think there's a link between being hyper and eating sugar, but research doesn't back that up. Several studies tested behavior and learning in children given sugar vs. a sugar substitute, and found no difference.


Question: Is there too much noise in my house that makes my child hyper?

Answer: Sometimes too much noise and activity in your home can make it hard for your child to relax. For instance, too much family conflict, such as arguments, can cause stress. So can chaotic schedules and lack of sleep. So try to keep the atmosphere as calm as possible. And leave a place on your calendar for family time. Sometimes, a child who's acting hyper needs some quiet, close time with mom or dad. Cuddle up on the couch with a blanket and read to your child to help calm things down.


Question: Is being hyper normal for any age?

Answer: If your child is hyper, it could be because he's just a kid. It's normal for children of all ages to have lots of energy.


Question: How can too much noise and activity affect a child's ability to relax?

Answer: Sometimes too much noise and activity in your home can make it hard for your child to relax. For instance, too much family conflict, such as arguments, can cause stress. So can chaotic schedules and lack of sleep.


Question: What do studies say about children getting ADHD from the parents?

Answer: If ADHD is the cause of your child being hyper, some studies do show that the condition tends to run in families. There may be certain genes that make it more likely for people to develop ADHD. "


Question: When should I check with my pediatrician about my child's hyperactivity?

Answer: If your child's hyper behavior regularly causes a problem in the classroom, with homework, or with friendships and relationships, check with his pediatrician.


Question: What do studies say about children being affected by other food additives?

Answer: But some studies show that a small percentage of children with ADHD may be sensitive to some of these additives.


Question: Are food additives making my child hyper?

Answer: For most kids, the answer is probably no. But some studies show that a small percentage of children with ADHD may be sensitive to some of these additives. If you think this might be the case, you could try an "elimination diet." Cut out sources of artificial additives like candy, fruit drinks, soda, brightly-colored cereals, and junk food, and see if you notice any behavior changes.


Question: What should parents with a hyper child do?

Answer: So try to keep the atmosphere as calm as possible. And leave a place on your calendar for family time. Sometimes, a child who's acting hyper needs some quiet, close time with mom or dad. Cuddle up on the couch with a blanket and read to your child to help calm things down.


Question: What are some signs of ADHD?

Answer: Watch out for these other signs of ADHD: Does he interrupt frequently? Does he have trouble following instructions and organizing tasks? Is he forgetful? Is he impatient? Does he frequently speak out of turn? If your child has ADHD, these problems will happen over a long period of time, and usually at home as well as school.


Question: Could a hyper child have ADHD?

Answer: It's natural to wonder if ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) could be the cause of your child's high energy. But just being hyper doesn't necessarily mean your child has the condition.


Question: What age groups are active?

Answer: Preschoolers, for instance, can be very active -- they often move quickly from one activity to another. Older kids and teens are also energetic and don't have the same attention span as adults.


Question: What have studies shown about children who eat sugar versus a sugar substitute?

Answer: Other studies found that parents who think their children have eaten sugar rate their behavior as more hyper than parents who think their children have had a non-sugar substitute. This doesn't mean it's a good idea to let your child gorge on sugar, of course, but cutting it from his diet probably won't end the problem.


Question: What kind of physical activity can children do to burn off some excess energy?

Answer: Kids can get restless if they don't get enough physical activity to burn off their energy. You can help your child get the exercise he needs, though. For instance, take your family for a nature walk or hike. Or go bike riding or play tag in the front yard. If you have a yard, set up a safe space to play, such as a sandbox.


Question: What should a parent do if their child's hyper behavior affects their daily life?

Answer: If your child's hyper behavior regularly causes a problem in the classroom, with homework, or with friendships and relationships, check with his pediatrician.


Question: Is it normal for children to be hyper?

Answer: If your child is hyper, it could be because he's just a kid. It's normal for children of all ages to have lots of energy. Preschoolers, for instance, can be very active -- they often move quickly from one activity to another. Older kids and teens are also energetic and don't have the same attention span as adults.


Question: What causes sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis is an inflammation of your sinuses, usually caused by a virus or bacterial infection. Even fungus can cause it.


Question: How do you know if you have sinusitis?

Answer: Contact your doctor immediately if you have any of these severe symptoms, which could be signs of a serious infection: High fever (over 102 F) Severe headache Vision problems Stiff neck Swollen face To find out if you've got more than a bad cold, you need to learn the cause of your symptoms. Your doctor can help you figure out whether you have sinusitis or something else. Tell your doctor how long you've had sinus symptoms, and whether they've gotten worse or stayed the same. If you've had them for less than 10 days and they're not getting worse, you probably have a viral infection. It will likely go away on its own.


Question: What are the long term risks associated with celiac disease?

Answer: Long-term risks: Over time, celiac disease can damage the lining of your intestines, and your body may not be able to take in enough nutrients. You also may become lactose-intolerant and get painful gas from dairy products. If you don't get enough calcium and vitamin D from food, your bones can become weak or soft. Kids with celiac disease may not get enough food or nutrients to develop strong muscles or bones. They can lag behind other children in height and weight. About 20% of people with celiac disease who cut out gluten still have symptoms. Some of those people may also have IBS.


Question: What do celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have in common?

Answer: Symptoms: With celiac disease, you may have diarrhea, stomach cramps, gas and bloating, or weight loss.


Question: What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

Answer: Symptoms: With celiac disease, you may have diarrhea, stomach cramps, gas and bloating, or weight loss. Some people also have anemia, which means your body doesn't make enough red blood cells, and feel weak or tired. You also may have acid reflux or heartburn, itchy skin rashes or blisters, numb or tingly feet or hands, joint pain, headaches, mouth sores, or damage to the enamel on your teeth. Kids with celiac disease may be more likely to vomit and have diarrhea or not be very hungry. They can get a potbelly or swollen gut, and they may have foul-smelling stool.


Question: What are the long-term risks associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Long-term risks: IBS shouldn't cause any long-term health problems. It can, though, affect your quality of life. Symptoms may come and go.


Question: How common is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder that affects your large intestine (colon). About 10% to 15% of people have IBS. Most of them have either mild or moderate symptoms.


Question: What is the treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you have IBS: Figure out which foods are problems for you. You may try to follow a diet called Low FODMAP for a few weeks. This involves cutting out certain carbohydrates and then slowly adding them back to find out what bothers you. You can use laxatives or add fiber to your diet to treat constipation, and you can get loperamide ( Imodium) at your local drug store to treat diarrhea. If you need them, your doctor can prescribe drugs to treat stomach spasms or pain. Certain antidepressants also may help with the symptoms of IBS.


Question: What can you do to treat celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Whether you have celiac or IBS, diet and lifestyle changes can help. Stay away from foods that may trigger flares, and exercise to keep your muscles and bones strong. That also can ease stress.


Question: What causes celiac disease?

Answer: Causes: It's not completely clear what causes celiac disease. Certain genes may make you more likely to have it. Some people only get it after pregnancy or severe stress. An infection can also trigger the disease.


Question: What are some ways to manage secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: There are drugs that can ease a lot of the symptoms you might have with SPMS. For example, there are medications to relive pain, bladder problems, fatigue, and dizziness. Lifestyle changes can also make a difference. Doctors recommend sticking to a healthy diet and trying to keep your weight under control.


Question: How is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) treated?

Answer: It's often harder to treat secondary progressive MS than relapsing-remitting MS. The main type of drugs for MS, called disease-modifying drugs ( DMDs), make relapses happen less often and symptoms less severe. For people with SPMS who still have relapses, DMDs can still help. But for those whose symptoms just get gradually worse, the drugs don't really work.


Question: How is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis treated?

Answer: It's often harder to treat secondary progressive MS than relapsing-remitting MS. The main type of drugs for MS, called disease-modifying drugs ( DMDs), make relapses happen less often and symptoms less severe. For people with SPMS who still have relapses, DMDs can still help. But for those whose symptoms just get gradually worse, the drugs don't really work.


Question: How many people are diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: Most people with relapsing-remitting MS -- about 80% -- eventually get secondary progressive MS. The relapses and remissions that used to come and go change into symptoms that steadily get worse. The shift typically begins 15 to 20 years after you're first diagnosed with MS. Because multiple sclerosis is such a complex disease, it can be hard to spot the changes that signal SPMS, even for health professionals. Doctors often wait at least 6 months before they diagnose SPMS.


Question: Are there certain medications that can help manage the symptoms of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: There are drugs that can ease a lot of the symptoms you might have with SPMS. For example, there are medications to relive pain, bladder problems, fatigue, and dizziness.


Question: Which medications can treat secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: Mitoxantrone is still mainly works to treat relapses and has serious side effects, including heart problems and leukemia. So there's a limit to how much people can use it in their lifetimes. It's usually for people with disease that gets worse quickly when other treatments don't work. Another drug called methotrexate ( Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall, Xatmep), often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may improve symptoms in people with SPMS.


Question: How does exercise help manage secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: Exercise is also good for SPMS and other types of the disease. Try activities that get your heart pumping a bit, like brisk walking or swimming, and those that help you stretch and strengthen your muscles and improve your range of motion. They'll give you more energy and boost your mood. It's also a good way to control your weight.


Question: What causes secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: It's not clear why people progress from relapse-remitting to secondary progressive MS. Some scientists think it may be an aftereffect of nerve injury that happened early in the disease. But they need more research to understand what's behind the shifts in the disease.


Question: What is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)?

Answer: People with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ( SPMS) start out with another type of MS -- relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. If you've been diagnosed with SPMS you may have had relapsing-remitting MS for a decade or more. That's when you may begin to feel a shift in your disease. The changes are often not easy to recognize.


Question: What symptoms signify the onset of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Along with these signs, there are other symptoms that might show you're shifting to SPMS: More weakness and more trouble with coordination Stiff, tight leg muscles Bowel and bladder problems A harder time with fatigue, depression, and problems thinking Your doctor can only diagnose SPMS by comparing your symptoms over time.


Question: Why do people progress from relapse-remitting to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It's not clear why people progress from relapse-remitting to secondary progressive MS. Some scientists think it may be an aftereffect of nerve injury that happened early in the disease. But they need more research to understand what's behind the shifts in the disease.


Question: How soon is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis diagnosed?

Answer: The shift typically begins 15 to 20 years after you're first diagnosed with MS. Because multiple sclerosis is such a complex disease, it can be hard to spot the changes that signal SPMS, even for health professionals. Doctors often wait at least 6 months before they diagnose SPMS.