Question: What is recovery like in an endometrial ablation?

Answer: It shouldn't take you long to heal from an ablation. Most women are back to their normal routine within a week. You may have some cramping and bleeding for a few days and a watery or bloody discharge for up to 3 weeks. It's also common to have nausea and an urge to pee for the first 24 hours. Your doctor will advise you not to have sex, use tampons, or douche for a few days. She may also put limits on your activity, like not lifting heavy things right away. If you need medicine for pain, ask your doctor which over-the-counter medicines are safe to take. Don't take aspirin. It could make you bleed more.


Question: What are common procedures in an endometrial ablation?

Answer: The most common are: Hydrothermal: Your doctor gently pumps fluid into your uterus, then heats it. After 10 minutes, this destroys your uterine lining. Balloon therapy: Your doctor guides a thin tube with a special balloon on the end into your uterus. Heated fluid fills the balloon, which then expands and breaks up the lining. High-energy radio waves: Your doctor puts electrical mesh into your uterus and expands it. Then energy and heat sent by strong radio waves damage the lining, which your doctor removes with suction. Freezing: A thin probe with a very cold tip freezes off the lining of your uterus. Your doctor may call this âcryoablation.â Microwave: A special wand applies microwave energy to your uterine lining, which destroys it. Electrical: Your doctor can use an electric current to destroy the lining of your uterus, but this method isn't as commonly used as the others.


Question: Who gets an endometrial ablation?

Answer: Endometrial ablation can put an end to heavy bleeding that gets in the way of your everyday life (maybe you need to change your tampon or pad every hour, or you bleed for more than a week). If your bleeding causes other health problems, like anemia, this procedure could also help.


Question: Who shouldn't get an endometrial ablation?

Answer: Still, endometrial ablation isn't right for everyone. If you're post-menopausal, you shouldn't have it done. It's also not a good idea if you have: Uterine, cervical, or endometrial cancer Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) A vaginal or cervical infection A weak wall to your uterus An infection of the uterus A scar from a Caesarean section An intrauterine device ( IUD) A disorder of the uterus or endometrium You also shouldn't have endometrial ablation if you're pregnant or want a baby in the future. It will make it harder for you to get pregnant.


Question: When should you call your doctor about endometrial ablation?

Answer: If you have any of these signs, call your doctor right away: Strong-smelling discharge from your vagina Fever Chills Intense cramping or stomach pain Heavy bleeding or bleeding that doesn't stop 2 days after your ablation Trouble peeing The results of endometrial ablation don't always last. After a few years, your periods may start to get heavier and longer again. If so, let your doctor know. You may need a different treatment.


Question: Why is rhinoplasty done?

Answer: Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons. For example, some people may need surgery to repair a problem with the cartilage that divides one nostril from the other. Others may just want to make their nose smaller.


Question: What is rhinoplasty?

Answer: Getting a "nose job," which doctors call rhinoplasty, can be very simple or very complex. When done correctly by an experienced surgeon, it can make a big difference in how a person looks.


Question: Where should I get rhinoplasty?

Answer: It's best to have the procedure done in an accredited facility. If you have a complication, an experienced surgeon working with a well-trained team will be able to assess and correct the situation. You should talk to your surgeon in advance to describe your goals and learn about the risks and benefits.


Question: What are risks of rhinoplasty?

Answer: Any type of surgery has risks. These include bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anesthesia. Risks of rhinoplasty include: Numbness Nosebleeds Scarring at the base of the nose Bursting of small blood vessels on the skin's surface Swelling Permanent nerve damage Need for a second or third operation Before getting a nose job, teens and their parents or guardians should talk extensively with the surgeon and weigh all of the risks and benefits.


Question: Should a teen get a nose job?

Answer: Teens should not have a nose job until the nose has reached its adult size. This normally happens at about age 15 or 16 for girls. It usually happens a year or so later for boys.


Question: What are the types of rhinoplasty?

Answer: Types of rhinoplasty include: Removing a hump on the nose Straightening the bridge Reshaping the nose's tip Increasing or decreasing the size of the nostrils Correcting the nose after an injury Opening breathing passages Making the nose bigger or smaller Nose jobs can be done to change how you look or for medical reasons.


Question: What is recovery from rhinoplasty like?

Answer: After a nose job, recovery takes patience and support from family and friends. You will need to keep your head elevated for at least 24 hours after the operation. And there will be some pain and swelling (which can be managed with medication and cold compresses). Some people become discouraged with the swelling and how they look immediately after the operation. But when the swelling goes down, the redness disappears and the nose fully heals. This can take weeks, but most people like the results.


Question: How is vaginismus related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Vaginismus: Painful spasms of muscles at the opening of the vagina may be an involuntary but appropriate response to painful stimuli. These spasms may be due to several factors, including painful insertion, previous painful experiences, previous abuse, or an unresolved conflict regarding sexuality. For a woman with vaginismus, her doctor may recommend behavioral therapy, including vaginal relaxation exercises.


Question: How is inadequate lubrication related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Inadequate lubrication: Treatment of inadequate lubrication depends on the cause. Treatment options include water-soluble lubricants (for use with condoms; other types of lubricants may damage condoms) or other substances such as vegetable oils. If arousal does not take place, more extensive foreplay might be needed during sexual relations.


Question: How is urethritis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Urethritis and urethral syndrome: With this condition, a woman may urinate frequently with urgency, pain, and difficulty, but a urinalysis can find no identifiable bacteria. These symptoms may be caused by chronic inflammation of the urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body), from muscle spasms, anxiety, low estrogen levels, or a combination of these causes. Using a special instrument, the doctor may dilate the urethra if it is narrowed. The doctor may prescribe low-dose antibiotics. At times, antidepressants and antispasmodics may also be prescribed.


Question: What is the treatment for deep thrust pain during intercouse?

Answer: Treatment for deep thrust pain includes two strategies: Checking for pelvic adhesions (tissue that has become stuck together, sometimes developing after surgery) that may cause pain with intercourse and surgically removing them. Checking for ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease , endometriosis, uterine prolapse, or retroversion of the uterus (uterus is tilted backward instead of forward).


Question: How is interstitial cystitis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: A cystoscopy is a procedure to look inside the bladder and may distend (stretch) the bladder to examine the bladder wall. Cystoscopy often works to clear the condition. Other treatments include amitriptyline ( Elavil), nifedipine ( Procardia), pentosan polysulfate sodium ( Elmiron), or other prescription drugs. Other options include bladder washings with dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO) or other agents or transcutaneous electric stimulation ( TENS) and acupuncture.


Question: What is the use of nanomedicine in treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: In some cases, nanoparticles act as tiny cargo ships that carry medicine -- sometimes, to parts of the body drugs can't reach on their own. For example, they can cross the blood-brain barrier, a layer of cells that protect your brain from possible danger -- but that also keep helpful MS drugs from getting through. Attaching MS drugs to nanoparticles may solve this problem. That's because certain nanoparticles can interact with blood-brain barrier cells and get âswallowedâ by them. When the nanoparticle gets in, so does the drug it carries. Another type of nanoparticle doesn't even need to carry medicine. The material itself is a powerful antioxidant that crosses the blood-brain barrier. It's called a cerium oxide nanoparticle, and it helped relieve some MS symptoms in mice.


Question: What are recent findings and ongoing research on the root causes of MS?

Answer: Scientists are looking for ways to: Stop the disease from getting worse Restore lost function Prevent and cure MS Besides testing new treatments, scientists continue to explore the root causes of MS. Much of the research is still being done in animals, but recent findings and ongoing research include: Bone marrow stem cell transplants that would offer long-term benefits An epilepsy pill that slowed nerve damage A specific type of training that improved memory and brain activity (as seen on MRI scans). Changes were still in place after 6 months. An experimental therapy in mice helped their bodies make myelin, a substance that protects nerves. The treatment is a type of micro RNA, a small amount of genetic material. A large team of researchers is analyzing gut bacteria to find out what role it may play as MS gets worse. Researchers are studying children with MS to learn how their environment and genes make them more likely to get the disease. One early finding suggested low vitamin D levels were linked to MS relapses in kids with a specific gene.


Question: How does stem transplant work in treating multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You might hear your doctor call it: Stem cell transplant Bone marrow transplant HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) How does it work? Doctors remove and store cells from your body that make blood. Then, you take chemotherapy drugs to wipe out your immune system. After that, your stem cells go back in your body. They travel to your bone marrow, where they make new blood cells, giving your immune system a fresh start. Studies show that bone marrow stem cell transplants might help some people with MS. However, the treatment is still experimental.


Question: What do I need to know about stem cells transplant in treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: These are the only cells in your body with the power to create new types of cells. For example, your blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle, and bone all come from stem cells. People who need new, healthy cells to fight a disease like cancer often get bone marrow stem cell transplants. This procedure can help rebuild your immune system by producing new blood cells. You might hear your doctor call it: Stem cell transplant Bone marrow transplant HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) How does it work?


Question: What should someone do before getting elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you about your medical history. Tell them about any conditions you have, including allergies. Also let your doctor know if you drink alcohol and what medicines you take. She also needs to know about any vitamins, supplements, or herbal products you use. If you smoke, you should stop before your surgery.


Question: What happens after elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: After the operation, you'll have stitches and a bandage on your new elbow. You may also need to keep your arm in a splint to keep it stable while it heals. Because elbow replacement involves cutting skin, tendons, and bone, you'll need strong pain medications after surgery. You'll also take pain meds for 1 to 2 weeks after you go home from the hospital. It will take time to get used to your new elbow. For instance, you won't be able to lift anything heavier than a cup of coffee for 6 weeks after surgery. It's a good idea to line up help ahead of time.


Question: What will my elbow be like after my elbow surgery?

Answer: After the operation, you'll have stitches and a bandage on your new elbow. You may also need to keep your arm in a splint to keep it stable while it heals.


Question: Will I need strong pain medications after elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: Because elbow replacement involves cutting skin, tendons, and bone, you'll need strong pain medications after surgery. You'll also take pain meds for 1 to 2 weeks after you go home from the hospital.


Question: How can someone find a surgeon who has a lot of experience to perform their elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: The procedure is similar to hip and knee replacements. You want a surgeon who has a lot of experience. Ask your rheumatologist or other doctor for referrals. You may also want to check with the professional association of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.


Question: What kind of elbow replacement surgeon should I go to?

Answer: You want a surgeon who has a lot of experience. Ask your rheumatologist or other doctor for referrals. You may also want to check with the professional association of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.


Question: How long will it take to get used to my new elbow after elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: It will take time to get used to your new elbow. For instance, you won't be able to lift anything heavier than a cup of coffee for 6 weeks after surgery. It's a good idea to line up help ahead of time.


Question: What are common complications from elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. As with any surgery, bleeding and blood clots are possible, too.


Question: How long does elbow surgery take?

Answer: Elbow replacement surgery takes about 2 hours. You'll get anesthesia, so you won't be âawakeâ for it. You'll need to stay in the hospital for up to 4 days.


Question: What are the risks associated with elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: The most common complications are: Infection Injury to nerves and blood vessels Allergic reaction to the artificial joint Broken bone Stiffness or instability of the joint Loosening or wearing of the artificial parts Weakness or failure in the tendons of your arm Pain There are risks because of the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction to those medicines and breathing problems. As with any surgery, bleeding and blood clots are possible, too.


Question: What does the recovery and physical therapy entail for elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: You'll do ârange of motionâ exercises, such as bending and straightening your arm. Elbow replacement usually reduces pain and helps your elbow work better. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it. You'll need to avoid activities that can cause further injury, such as hammering, playing contact sports, and lifting heavy weights. With good care, your new elbow should serve you well for many years.


Question: What is the typical recovery and physical therapy plan for elbow replacement surgery?

Answer: You'll do ârange of motionâ exercises, such as bending and straightening your arm. Elbow replacement usually reduces pain and helps your elbow work better. But it may not make the joint as good as it was before disease or injury hurt it. You'll need to avoid activities that can cause further injury, such as hammering, playing contact sports, and lifting heavy weights. With good care, your new elbow should serve you well for many years.


Question: What is the treatment for lipodystrophy?

Answer: But children still need enough calories and good nutrition so they grow properly. Exercise will help your child stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up dangerously. People with AGL may be able to get metreleptin injections ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too. If your child has or gets diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar. Women with AGL shouldn't use oral birth control or hormone replacement therapy for menopause because they can make levels of certain fats worse. Your doctor may prescribe a lotion or cream to lighten and soften dark skin patches. Over-the-counter bleaches and skin scrubs probably won't work and could irritate the skin. As your child gets older, she may be able to get plastic surgery to help fill out her face with skin grafts from her thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features. People with APL who have extra fat deposits can use liposuction to get rid of some, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for her appearance makes sense and when.


Question: What should you expect if you have lipodystrophy?

Answer: Over time, people with AGL can lose most or all of their body fat. With APL, it typically stops after a few years. In general, the more fat you lose, the more serious the condition is. Yet many people with lipodystrophy live active, productive lives. You'll need to work closely with your doctor to prevent complications. For example, people with AGL are likely to have heart and liver problems. Diabetes can be hard to control. They might develop autoimmune disorders such as vitiligo (light-colored spots of skin), rheumatoid arthritis, and a kind of hepatitis. People with APL probably won't have the insulin-related problems that often come with AGL. But it can lead to kidneys that don't work well or at all, and drusen, tiny fat deposits in the back of the eyes that may be connected to age-related macular degeneration ( AMD). Women may get extra fat on their hips and thighs. AGL and APL can be linked to autoimmune disorders, too, including rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Researchers are studying lipodystrophy, and they may find more ways to treat it.


Question: What are acquired lipodystrophies?

Answer: Other acquired lipodystrophies are: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy ( AGL), or Lawrence syndrome Acquired partial lipodystrophy ( APL), also called progressive lipodystrophy or Barraquer- Simons syndrome Localized lipodystrophy AGL often shows up in children, but adults can get it, too. APL typically starts around ages 8-10. Both conditions affect girls 3 times more often than boys. Both cause a person to lose fat from her face, so she may look sick or much older than she is. Localized lipodystrophy can happen to anyone at any age. A small dimple of localized lipodystrophy may look odd, but it probably won't cause any other trouble. However, because fat tissue makes the hormone leptin, people with larger areas of acquired lipodystrophy might not have enough of this chemical in their bodies. Leptin tells your body you've eaten enough and to make insulin. Fat could also build up in places it shouldn't, like the blood, heart, liver, and kidneys. Depending on which type of lipodystrophy a person has, it may cause other problems, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, liver disease, and kidney failure. Doctors can help you manage these complications.


Question: What will your doctor look for to diagnose lipodystrophy?

Answer: Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells.


Question: How can a urine test help to diagnose a lipodystrophy?

Answer: Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells.


Question: How can you take care of your child with lipodystrophy?

Answer: Because this condition affects how you look, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and being supportive. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying, or offending or embarrassing you and your child. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost her self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. You can help her practice how she'll react with role-play and humor. Consider professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of acquired partial lipodystrophy (AGL)?

Answer: This type affects just the upper body, on both sides. It usually starts with her face and moves to her neck, arms, and chest.


Question: Where can you get support for lipodystrophy?

Answer: If you're looking for a community, Lipodystrophy United is a good place to start. It has information about the disease as well as an online community for people with lipodystrophy and their families.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about a lipodystrophy?

Answer: What type of lipodystrophy is this? Do you know what caused it? Do we need any more tests? How many other people with this condition have you treated? What's the best way for us to treat it? What other symptoms should we watch for? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research trial?


Question: What are the symptoms of localized lipodystrophy?

Answer: This looks like a dent in the skin, but the skin itself seems fine. The size can vary. It could be in one spot or many. There might also be tender or painful bumps.


Question: What are types of acquired lipodystrophies?

Answer: Other acquired lipodystrophies are: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy ( AGL), or Lawrence syndrome Acquired partial lipodystrophy ( APL), also called progressive lipodystrophy or Barraquer- Simons syndrome Localized lipodystrophy AGL often shows up in children, but adults can get it, too.


Question: How is a lipodystrophy diagnosis confirmed?

Answer: Tests of body fat can confirm the diagnosis. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will cut a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on her body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid If the doctor suspects APL, he'll check her blood for evidence of a specific way the body attacks fat cells.


Question: What questions will my doctor ask for lipodystrophy diagnosis?

Answer: When you go to the doctor, he'll do a full exam and ask questions about your child's health: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how she looks only in certain areas, or all over? Has she had panniculitis -- swollen bumps under her skin or a bumpy red rash? Does she have diabetes? What other health problems or recent injuries has she had? Have you had her blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked?


Question: What are the symptoms of acquired partial lipodystrophy?

Answer: This type affects just the upper body, on both sides. It usually starts with her face and moves to her neck, arms, and chest.


Question: Is there a community for people with lipodystrophy?

Answer: If you're looking for a community, Lipodystrophy United is a good place to start. It has information about the disease as well as an online community for people with lipodystrophy and their families.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about lipodystrophy?

Answer: What type of lipodystrophy is this? Do you know what caused it? Do we need any more tests? How many other people with this condition have you treated? What's the best way for us to treat it? What other symptoms should we watch for? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research trial?


Question: Who can get lipodystrophy?

Answer: Some people with HIV get lipodystrophy ( LD- HIV). It may be related to the medicines they take or the disease itself.


Question: What causes lipodystrophy?

Answer: Often, doctors don't know what causes acquired lipodystrophy, but some triggers are: An infection, such as measles, pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, or hepatitis A disease where your immune system attacks your body (called an autoimmune disease) Repeated injections in or pressure on the same place on your body An injury For example, people with diabetes who have to inject insulin daily tend to get localized lipodystrophy where they keep giving themselves shots.


Question: Can children get localized lipodystrophy?

Answer: Localized lipodystrophy can happen to anyone at any age. A small dimple of localized lipodystrophy may look odd, but it probably won't cause any other trouble.


Question: How do you know if you have an allergy?

Answer: Confirm you have allergies. Only a doctor can tell you for sure whether you have an allergy. You may have something else, such as an infection. When you know what you have, you can get the right treatment.


Question: When should you make an appointment to your allergist?

Answer: You may want to make an appointment if: You have symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, cough, or watery eyes that last for more than three months and make it hard for you to work or sleep. You've tried over-the-counter drugs and still need more relief. You get a lot of sinus infections, headaches, stuffy nose, or ear infections. You snore or have trouble staying asleep. You have other health problems such as heart disease, thyroid disease, diabetes, glaucoma, high blood pressure, enlarged prostate, liver disease, or kidney disease. If you do, it may not be safe to treat allergies on your own with over-the-counter drugs.


Question: Will an allergist check that I'm taking the right medicine?

Answer: Check that you have the right medicine. Over-the-counter drugs can often help with allergies. Some people, though, also need prescription medicine to handle the symptoms. Your doctor can advise you about your medicines and make sure you have the prescriptions you need.


Question: What is an allergy treatment plan?

Answer: A treatment plan will help you know what you need to do. It should include what kind of medicine to take and when to take it, what things you need to avoid because of your allergies, and how to be ready for and what to do if you have a serious allergic reaction.


Question: What should be in your allergy treatment plan?

Answer: An allergist will give you tests to help you identify specifically what triggers your allergies Make a treatment plan. A treatment plan will help you know what you need to do. It should include what kind of medicine to take and when to take it, what things you need to avoid because of your allergies, and how to be ready for and what to do if you have a serious allergic reaction.


Question: What is pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Other types of psoriasis include: Pustular psoriasis , which causes red and scaly skin with tiny pustules on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.


Question: What is inverse psoriasis?

Answer: Inverse psoriasis , which makes bright red, shiny lesions that appear in skin folds, such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts.


Question: What can worsen psoriasis?

Answer: Things that can trigger an outbreak of psoriasis include: Cuts, scrapes, or surgery Emotional stress Strep infections Medications, including Blood pressure medications (like beta-blockers) Hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial medication Physical exam.


Question: What are symptoms of psoriasis?

Answer: $('.ua_type_mobile .article table').css('width','100%'); The symptoms of psoriasis vary depending on the type you have. Some common symptoms for plaque psoriasis -- the most common variety of the condition -- include: Plaques of red skin, often covered with silver-colored scales. These plaques may be itchy and painful, and they sometimes crack and bleed. In severe cases, the plaques will grow and merge, covering large areas. Disorders of the fingernails and toenails, including discoloration and pitting of the nails.


Question: What is psoriasis associated with?

Answer: It causes pain and swelling in the joints. The National Psoriasis Foundation estimates that between 10% to 30% of people with psoriasis also have psoriatic arthritis.


Question: What are examples of sensory integration therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: Examples of sensory integration therapy include: Being brushed or deeply touched and massaged Compressing elbows and knees Swinging Spinning on a scooter Wearing a weighted vest You can obtain occupational therapy services either privately, through a statewide early childhood intervention program, or at school.


Question: What are benefits of occupational therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: These OT strategies include: Physical activities, such as stringing beads or doing puzzles, to help a child develop coordination and body awareness Play activities to help with interaction and communication Developmental activities, such as brushing teeth and combing hair Adaptive strategies, including coping with transitions The overall goal of occupational therapy is to help the person with autism improve his or her quality of life at home and in school. The therapist helps introduce, maintain, and improve skills so that people with autism can be as independent as possible.


Question: What are some signs of processing issues in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: That's because some researchers estimate that eight out of 10 children with autism have problems processing sensory input. For example, they can't filter out background noise. Other signs of processing issues include: Problems with balance Problems with body position in space Oversensitivity to touch and the feel of certain types of clothing, such as socks with seams With autism, social, behavioral, or attention problems can be partly a result of these sensory challenges.


Question: What kinds of things does an occupational look at to help evaluate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children?

Answer: The therapist observes children to see if they can do tasks they are expected to do at their ages -- getting dressed or playing a game, for example. Sometimes, the therapist will have the child videotaped during the day in order to see how the child interacts with his or her environment so that he or she can better assess the kind of care the child needs. The therapist might note any of the following: Attention span and stamina Transition to new activities Play skills Need for personal space Responses to touch or other types of stimuli Motor skills such as posture, balance, or manipulation of small objects Aggression or other types of behaviors Interactions between the child and caregivers Once an occupational therapist has gathered information, he or she can develop a program for your child.


Question: What are skills that occupational therapy may foster in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer: These are some of the skills occupational therapy may foster: Daily living skills, such as toilet training, dressing, brushing teeth, and other grooming skills Fine motor skills required for holding objects while handwriting or cutting with scissors Gross motor skills used for walking, climbing stairs, or riding a bike Sitting, posture, or perceptual skills, such as telling the differences between colors, shapes, and sizes Awareness of his or her body and its relation to others Visual skills for reading and writing Play, coping, self-help, problem solving, communication, and social skills By working on these skills during occupational therapy, a child with autism may be able to: Develop peer and adult relationships Learn how to focus on tasks Learn how to delay gratification Express feelings in more appropriate ways Engage in play with peers Learn how to self-regulate You may have heard a lot about sensory integration therapy.


Question: Can nasal sprays be used for children?

Answer: A lot of over-the-counter decongestants, including these sprays, aren't recommended for children. Read the labels carefully and talk to your pediatrician.


Question: What are decongestant nasal sprays?

Answer: You can buy these over the counter or with a prescription from your doctor. They get rid of your stuffiness by narrowing blood vessels in the lining of your nose, which shrinks swollen tissues. Don't use them for more than 3 days, or your cold symptoms could get worse.


Question: What are steroid nasal sprays?

Answer: You can get these over the counter or with a prescription. They're approved to relieve allergy symptoms, but they're sometimes used to help clear a stuffed-up nose that comes from a sinus infection.


Question: Are different nasal sprays used differently?

Answer: Some sprays may have different instructions on the label, so use those or follow your doctor's directions. Don't use it for longer than recommended by your doctor or the maker of the nasal spray.


Question: What are the side effects of nasal sprays?

Answer: Decongestant products, including nasal sprays, can raise blood pressure and pulse rate. They can also cause you to feel nervous or dizzy, or make it hard for you to get to sleep. Some decongestants may interfere with other medications you take. Check with your doctor before you use them.


Question: What are salt-water solutions, or saline nasal sprays?

Answer: Salt-water solutions. They're also called "saline" nasal sprays, and you can buy them without a prescription. They loosen up your mucus and keep it from getting crusty. Since they don't contain any medications, feel free to use them as often you like.


Question: What medical conditions should stop someone from using nasal spray?

Answer: You might want to avoid some nasal sprays if you have high blood pressure, a heart condition, diabetes, thyroid problems, or urinary problems from an enlarged prostate.


Question: How can exercise help impulsivity in children with ADHD?

Answer: If you've ever sent your child outside to burn off some energy when he or she was misbehaving, you were on the right track. Studies find that exercise helps control impulses and other behavior problems in kids with ADHD. Think about signing your child up for a sports team, such as basketball, soccer, or baseball. Playing a sport not only gives kids exercise, but it also teaches them important social skills, such as how to follow rules and take turns.


Question: Who gets sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea can affect anyone at any age, even children. Risk factors for sleep apnea include: Being male Being overweight Being over age 40 Having a large neck size (17 inches or greater in men and 16 inches or greater in women) Having large tonsils, a large tongue, or a small jaw bone Having a family history of sleep apnea Nasal obstruction due to a deviated septum, allergies, or sinus problems If left untreated, sleep apnea can increase the risk of health problems, including: High blood pressure Stroke Heart failure, irregular heart beats, and heart attacks Diabetes Depression Worsening of ADHD Headaches In addition, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for poor performance in everyday activities, such as at work and school, motor vehicle crashes, and academic underachievement in children and adolescents.


Question: How does sleep apnea affect your body?

Answer: Risk factors for sleep apnea include: Being male Being overweight Being over age 40 Having a large neck size (17 inches or greater in men and 16 inches or greater in women) Having large tonsils, a large tongue, or a small jaw bone Having a family history of sleep apnea Nasal obstruction due to a deviated septum, allergies, or sinus problems If left untreated, sleep apnea can increase the risk of health problems, including: High blood pressure Stroke Heart failure, irregular heart beats, and heart attacks Diabetes Depression Worsening of ADHD Headaches In addition, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for poor performance in everyday activities, such as at work and school, motor vehicle crashes, and academic underachievement in children and adolescents.


Question: What is sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. People with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times. This means the brain -- and the rest of the body -- may not get enough oxygen.


Question: What does heat rash look like?

Answer: It looks like tiny bumps surrounded by red skin. It usually happens on clothed parts of the body, such as your back, abdomen, neck, upper chest, groin, or armpits. And it usually gets better once your skin cools off.


Question: What is heat rash?

Answer: Heat rash, also called prickly heat or miliaria, is a common condition in which areas of the skin feel prickly or sting due to overheating. It can itch a lot, but it's not dangerous.


Question: What is severe persistent asthma?

Answer: Symptoms occur continuously, with frequent nighttime asthma. Activities are limited. Lung function is decreased to less than 60% of predicted values.


Question: Who's likely to have adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Among those who may be more likely to get adult-onset asthma are: Women who are having hormonal changes, such as those who are pregnant or who are experiencing menopause Women who take estrogen following menopause for 10 years or longer People who have just had certain viruses or illnesses, such as a cold or flu People with allergies, especially to cats People who have GERD, a type of chronic heartburn with reflux People who are exposed to environmental irritants, such as tobacco smoke, mold, dust, feather beds, or perfume Irritants that bring on asthma symptoms are called "asthma triggers."


Question: What are bronchodilators for treating asthma?

Answer: Bronchodilators: These medications relax the muscle bands that tighten around the airways. This action rapidly opens the airways, letting more air in and out of the lungs and improving breathing. As the airways open, the mucus moves more freely and can be coughed out more easily.


Question: What is adult-onset asthma?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When asthma symptoms appear and are diagnosed in adults older than age 20, it is typically known as adult-onset asthma. About half of adults who have asthma also have allergies. Adult-onset asthma also may be the result of commonplace irritants in the workplace (called occupational asthma) or home environments, and the asthma symptoms come on suddenly.


Question: What are the categories of asthma?

Answer: These categories are: mild intermittent; mild persistent; moderate persistent; and severe persistent. Your physician will determine the severity and control of your asthma based on how frequently you have symptoms and on lung function tests.


Question: How do you keep track of well your lungs are working?

Answer: The meter can alert you to changes in the airways that may be a sign of worsening asthma. By taking daily peak flow readings, you can learn when to adjust medications to keep asthma under good control. Your doctor can also use this information to adjust your treatment plan.


Question: What are treatment goals of asthma?

Answer: Treatment goals include the following: Live an active, normal life Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms Attend work or school every day Perform daily activities without difficulty Stop urgent visits to the doctor, emergency room, or hospital Use and adjust medications to control asthma with little or no side effects Properly using asthma medication, as prescribed by your doctor, is the basis of good asthma control, in addition to avoiding triggers and monitoring daily asthma symptoms.


Question: Can a chest x-ray diagnose adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Your doctor might perform an X-ray exam on you in order to see the structures inside your chest, including the heart, lungs, and bones. By viewing your lungs, your doctor can see if you have a condition other than asthma that may account for your symptoms.


Question: How is adult-onset asthma diagnosed?

Answer: Your asthma doctor may diagnose adult-onset asthma by: Taking a medical history, asking about symptoms, and listening to you breathe Performing a lung function test, using a device called a spirometer, to measure how much air you can exhale after first taking a deep breath and how fast you can empty your lungs.


Question: What is an asthma action plan?

Answer: The asthma action plan describes when and how to use asthma medications, actions to take when asthma worsens, and when to seek care for an asthma emergency.


Question: What are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer: In the airways there is: Swelling or inflammation, specifically in the airway linings Production of large amounts of mucus that is thicker than normal Narrowing because of muscle contractions surrounding the airways The symptoms of asthma include: Feeling short of breath Frequent coughing, especially at night Wheezing (a whistling noise during breathing) Difficulty breathing Chest tightness When a doctor makes a diagnosis of asthma in people older than age 20, it is known as adult-onset asthma.


Question: How can a methacholine challenge test diagnose adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Performing a methacholine challenge test; this asthma test may be performed if your symptoms and spirometry test do not clearly show asthma. When inhaled, methacholine causes the airways to spasm and narrow if asthma is present.


Question: Who's more likely to have asthma?

Answer: Anyone can get asthma at any age. Among those at higher risk for asthma are people who: Have a family history of asthma Have a history of allergies (allergic asthma) Have smokers living in the household Live in urban areas Asthma is classified into four categories based upon frequency of symptoms and objective measures, such as peak flow measurements and/or spirometry results.


Question: How common is Tourette's syndrome compared to ADHD?

Answer: Also, Tourette's syndrome is rare. The CDC found that about 138,000 kids in the U. S. have been diagnosed with it, while about 6.4 million have ever been diagnosed with ADHD.


Question: How does Tourette's syndrome differ from ADHD?

Answer: Tics from Tourette's syndrome are different from the movements or noises that kids with ADHD might make. They almost always involve fast, repeated face or shoulder movements or sounds, which happen the same way each time. Often, kids with ADHD won't have any tic-like movements. Instead, they have trouble staying focused or paying attention. They might be easily distracted or have problems staying organized. Children with Tourette's syndrome often outgrow their tics by their late teens or early adult years -- they happen less often and sometimes disappear altogether. ADHD symptoms often last into adulthood.


Question: How are ADHD and Tourette's syndrome alike?

Answer: Signs of both conditions tend to show up around the same age. Symptoms of ADHD can start to appear between ages 3 and 6. Most kids are diagnosed during elementary school. On average, Tourette's syndrome begins around 7 years old. And some children have both conditions. More than 60% of those with Tourette's syndrome also have ADHD. They also may have related conditions, like obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), learning disorders, and depression. Researchers have found that there may be a genetic link between Tourette's syndrome and disorders like ADHD and OCD. They have a similar biology that makes them more likely to happen together.


Question: What does the treatment for ADHD involve?

Answer: Treatment for kids with ADHD often includes a mix of medication and behavior therapy. Stimulants are the drugs that are most commonly prescribed for the condition, but other drugs, like atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine, and antidepressants, can help, too. In behavior therapy for ADHD, kids learn or build on positive behaviors to replace others that cause problems.


Question: How is Tourette syndrome or ADHD diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will be able to tell whether your child's symptoms belong to ADHD, Tourette's syndrome, both, or something else. There's no special test to diagnose either condition. Your doctor will ask about symptoms and when they started. He might do a blood test and medical exam to see if anything else could be causing the problem.


Question: Can you prevent genital herpes?

Answer: The only sure-fire way to avoid getting genital herpes is to abstain from sex or have sex only with someone who is also herpes-free. Short of that, a latex condom offers some protection if it covers the infected area. Remember, you can get genital herpes by receiving oral sex (fellatio, cunnilingus, analingus) from someone with a cold sore on the mouth. Likewise, you can get oral herpes from someone's genitals by way of oral sex. If you know that a sex partner has genital herpes, you can reduce your risk by having sex (vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse) only when he or she has no symptoms. Nevertheless, genital herpes can be contagious even when there are no visible symptoms, so you should always use a latex barrier, such as a condom or a dental dam.


Question: Is there a cure for genital herpes?

Answer: Genital herpes is a lifelong condition for which there is no cure.


Question: How is otosclerosis diagnosed?

Answer: If you notice you have trouble hearing, see an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor, or ENT). He'll look closely at your ear, test your hearing, and ask about your family health history. In some cases, he may recommend a computerized tomography ( CT) scan. A series of X-rays are taken at different angles and put together to make a more detailed image.


Question: At what age does otosclerosis start?

Answer: You can develop otosclerosis between the ages of 10 and 45, but you're most likely to get it during your 20s. Symptoms usually are at their worst in your 30s.


Question: What are the symptoms of otosclerosis?

Answer: The main symptom of otosclerosis is hearing loss. At first, you may notice that you can't hear low-pitched sounds or people whispering. This usually gets worse over time. Most people with otosclerosis have hearing loss in both ears. About 10% to 15% have hearing loss in just one ear. Other symptoms include: Dizziness or balance problems Tinnitus, or ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ears Sometimes tinnitus can be a problem after you have ear surgery to treat otosclerosis.


Question: What is otosclerosis?

Answer: Otosclerosis is a rare condition that causes hearing loss. It happens when a small bone in your middle ear -- usually the one called the stapes -- gets stuck in place. Most of the time, this happens when bone tissue in your middle ear grows around the stapes in a way it shouldn't. Your stapes bone has to vibrate for you to hear well. When it can't do that, sound can't travel from your middle ear to your inner ear. That makes it hard for you to hear.


Question: How many people are affected by otosclerosis in the U.S.?

Answer: Experts aren't sure why, but if you're a woman and develop otosclerosis during pregnancy, you're likely to lose your hearing faster than if you were a man or you weren't pregnant.


Question: Does otosclerosis run in families?

Answer: It often runs in families. About half of all people with otosclerosis have a gene that's linked to the condition. But even if you have the gene, you won't necessarily get it.


Question: Can other medical problems increase your risk for otosclerosis?

Answer: Certain medical problems can raise your chances of otosclerosis. For example, if you had measles at any time, your risk may go up. Stress fractures to the bony tissue around your inner ear also might make it more likely to happen. And immune disorders, in which your immune system mistakenly attacks parts of your body, also can be linked to the condition.


Question: Is otosclerosis more common in men or women?

Answer: Both men and women get otosclerosis. Women, though, have a higher risk. Experts aren't sure why, but if you're a woman and develop otosclerosis during pregnancy, you're likely to lose your hearing faster than if you were a man or you weren't pregnant.


Question: What race has the highest risk for otosclerosis?

Answer: Caucasians are most likely to get it. About 10% develop otosclerosis. It's less common in other groups and rare for African- Americans.


Question: What conditions not tied to your liver can raise your aspartate aminotransferase level?

Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test.


Question: Why would you need an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus.


Question: What can cause a false positive aspartate aminotransferase test result?

Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test. This means your test is positive, even though you don't have liver damage. Any of these can cause a false positive result: Diabetic ketoacidosis ( Your body can't make enough insulin, which helps sugar enter your cells.)


Question: What happens during an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: A nurse or lab tech will take a sample of your blood -- usually from a vein in your arm. She will first tie a band around the upper part of your arm to make your vein fill with blood and swell up. Then she will clean an area on your arm with an antiseptic and put a needle in one of your veins. Your blood will go into a vial or tube. The blood test should only take a couple of minutes. After your blood is drawn, the lab tech will take off the band and pull out the needle. She'll put a piece of gauze and a bandage where the needle went in to stop the bleeding.


Question: Why do you need other tests in addition to an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Some antibiotics, such as erythromycin estolate or para-aminosalicylic acid ( Paser) AST is usually done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. It's often ordered with a test for alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), another liver enzyme. ALT is more accurate than AST at detecting liver disease. It can more accurately show whether the problem is in your liver or in another part of your body, like your heart or muscles. Your doctor can compare the amount of ALT to AST in your blood to find out whether you have liver damage or a problem with another organ, such as your heart.


Question: What are other reasons for an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus. You drink a lot of alcohol. You take medicine that's known to damage the liver. You have a family history of liver disease. You have obesity. You have diabetes or metabolic syndrome. You've had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Your doctor might also want you to get this test to see if treatments you take for liver disease are working. The AST test is also part of a comprehensive metabolic panel -- a blood test your doctor does as part of a routine exam.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor might also do other tests of enzymes and proteins your liver makes, such as: Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) Bilirubin Total protein Talk with your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. Also find out how these results might affect your treatment.


Question: How do you prepare for an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: You don't need any special preparation for the ALT test. Tell your doctor what drugs or supplements you take. Some medicines can affect the results of this test.


Question: What is Rett syndrome?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Rett syndrome is a rare, severe neurological disorder that affects mostly girls. It's usually discovered in the first two years of life, and a child's diagnosis with Rett syndrome can feel overwhelming. Although there's no cure, early identification and treatment may help girls and families who are affected by Rett syndrome. In the past, it was felt to be part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder. We now know that it is mostly genetically based.


Question: How effective are treatments for Rett syndrome?

Answer: The best options available to treat Rett syndrome include: Standard medical care and medication Physical therapy Speech therapy Occupational therapy Good nutrition Behavioral therapy Supportive services Experts believe that therapy can help girls with Rett syndrome and their parents. Some girls may be able to go to school and learn better social interaction. Medicines can treat some of the problems with movement in Rett syndrome. Medication can also help control seizures. Many girls with Rett syndrome can live at least into middle age. Researchers are studying women with the disease, which was only widely recognized in the last 20 years.


Question: What causes Rett syndrome?

Answer: Most children with Rett syndrome have a mutation on the X chromosome. Exactly what this gene does, or how its mutation leads to Rett syndrome, isn't clear. Researchers believe that the single gene may influence many other genes involved in development. Although Rett syndrome is genetic, children almost never inherit the faulty gene from their parents. Rather, it's a chance mutation that happens in DNA. When boys develop the Rett syndrome mutation, they rarely live past birth. Males have only one X chromosome (instead of the two girls have), so the effects of the disease are much more serious, and almost always fatal.


Question: How does Rett syndrome develop?

Answer: The age when symptoms appear varies, but most babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow normally for the first 6 months before any signs of the disorder are obvious. The most common changes usually show up when babies are between 12 and 18 months, and they can be sudden or progress slowly.


Question: What is diaper dermatitis?

Answer: Red, irritated, or scaly skin on your baby's bottom is likely due to diaper dermatitis -- better known as diaper rash. This common condition is usually seen in infants ages 9 to 12 months. It shows up around the folds of the thighs and genitals -- places covered by a diaper Diaper rash can result from an allergy or irritated skin.


Question: Who is most likely to get lichen planus?

Answer: Middle-aged adults are most likely to get it. Doctors aren't sure what causes lichen planus. It may be an autoimmune disorder. It's often seen in people who have hepatitis C. If you get it, ask your doctor about screening for hepatitis.


Question: What is the main symptom of actinic keratosis?

Answer: The main symptom is a thick, scaly, discolored patch of skin. Sometimes the area feels rough or like sandpaper but looks normal. It may be painful to touch. It can flake off, and your skin may feel normal again. However, the problem spot typically comes back when you're exposed to sunlight.


Question: What can trigger eczema?

Answer: But adults who never had it can get it, too. Doctors don't know what causes it. They think it's a mix of genetics and things in your environment that your skin reacts to, like: Wool Soap Perfume Makeup Chlorine Cigarette smoke You might notice these symptoms: Red, irritated, or swollen skin Crusting or oozing Scaly patches that feel rough or leathery Severe itching Silvery white scales that cover thick red, raised patches of skin are a telltale sign of plaque psoriasis.


Question: What is actinic keratosis?

Answer: A flaky, scaly patch that comes and goes could be actinic keratosis ( AK), a precancerous condition. You could get this scaly skin problem if you spend too much time in a tanning bed or unprotected in the sun. Without treatment, it can turn into squamous cell skin cancer. If you get one actinic keratosis, you usually will get another.


Question: How can diaper rash occur?

Answer: It shows up around the folds of the thighs and genitals -- places covered by a diaper Diaper rash can result from an allergy or irritated skin. It could also be a yeast infection -- yeast thrives in warm, moist environments. Signs include a reddish irritated skin rash. At-home care may be fine for irritation rashes, but if your baby's diaper rash won't go away, see a doctor to figure out the cause and best treatment.


Question: What is pityriasis rosea?

Answer: Women or girls ages 10 to 35 are more likely to get this skin condition. The main sign is a single round, rose- or tan-colored spot (called a herald patch) in the middle of your body, arms, or legs. A cluster of scaly patches follows about a week or two later. The round spots have raised borders. There may be little or no scaly skin symptoms in children or pregnant women.


Question: How many types of psoriasis are there?

Answer: The new and old cells clump together, causing thick, itchy patches, sores, and scales There are several different types of psoriasis. Scaly skin is most common with plaque psoriasis. It can show up on your knees, scalp, elbows, palms, lower back and the soles of your feet. The condition may also cause your nails to pit, crumble, or fall off. Psoriasis can be passed down through families. Infections, stress, obesity, and smoking can increase your risk for psoriasis. It isn't contagious.


Question: How can I treat my child's dyslexia?

Answer: Testing and screening for dyslexia are available and are very important.


Question: What is the assessment for dyslexia?

Answer: An assessment for dyslexia includes reading or writing while the tester looks for signs of dyslexia, such as adding, dropping, or changing words; pulling words from other lines; or reversing or transposing words and letters. While not diagnostic in itself, body language may provide a clue: A person with dyslexia may frequently clear his or her throat, tap a pencil, or fidget during the testing out of anxiety about performing the test.


Question: How can a person get dyslexia?

Answer: Dyslexia is a disorder present at birth and cannot be prevented or cured, but it can be managed with special instruction and support. Early intervention to address reading problems is important. Parents must understand that children with dyslexia can learn normally, but probably need to learn in different ways than children without the condition. Teaching should be individualized and may involve modeling letters and words in clay or other three-dimensional techniques to help the child learn letters and words.


Question: Is bee pollen safe for pregnant women?

Answer: A woman should also avoid using bee pollen if she is breastfeeding. Bee pollen may cause increased bleeding if taken with certain blood thinners like warfarin. Check with your doctor before taking bee pollen if you take any medications, over-the-counter medicines, or herbals.


Question: Can bee pollen trigger allergic reactions?

Answer: Bee pollen appears to be safe for most people, at least when taken for a short term. But if you have pollen allergies, you may get more than you bargained for. Bee pollen can cause a serious allergic reaction -- including shortness of breath, hives, swelling, and anaphylaxis.


Question: What activities do I have to avoid while I have mononucleosis?

Answer: Since your spleen, which is an organ in your abdomen, often becomes enlarged when you have mono, it's more likely to rupture. So you will need to avoid contact sports such as football and soccer, probably for about 3-4 weeks. Your doctor can let you know when it's OK to get back to those activities.


Question: What medication can help with mononucleosis?

Answer: In case mono has affected your liver, check with your doctor before you take acetaminophen. Don't give aspirin to children or teens. It's been linked to a disease called Reye's syndrome, a serious illness that can be life-threatening. Call 911 if you or your child is having any trouble breathing. If your sore throat is so severe that you have trouble breathing or eating, your doctor may give you prednisone, a steroid.


Question: How is mononucleosis diagnosed?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Mononucleosis, or "mono," has a wide range of symptoms, which can make it hard to diagnose. You'll need to see your doctor to find out if you have it. Your doctor will give you a complete physical exam. You may get a throat culture to rule out strep throat, which has symptoms that are similar to mono. Your doctor may also take a sample of blood to check for abnormal white blood cells.


Question: When will I get better from mononucleosis?

Answer: Most people start to recover from mononucleosis within 2 weeks, though some symptoms, such as fatigue, can take 3-4 weeks or even longer to go away. So a common treatment plan for mono is rest with a gradual return to normal activity. The goal is to ease your symptoms and treat any complications that happen.


Question: What is a heterophile antibody test in relation to mononucleosis?

Answer: You may also get a heterophile antibody test. It checks your blood for special antibodies that your body makes to fight off a viral infection. But it's not specific to mono. This test isn't always accurate, especially in younger children, and it takes several days for it to show the presence of the antibodies after a child starts to feel ill. The âmonospotâ is one test that checks for heterophile antibodies.


Question: What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in men?

Answer: MG doesn't always cause symptoms, so it's possible to have it and not know it. In men, the symptoms are: Watery discharge from your penis Burning, stinging, or pain when you pee The symptoms for women are: Discharge from your vagina Pain during sex Bleeding after sex Bleeding between periods Pain in your pelvic area below your belly button Unlike other STDs, there is no test for MG that the FDA has approved.


Question: What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in women?

Answer: In men, the symptoms are: Watery discharge from your penis Burning, stinging, or pain when you pee The symptoms for women are: Discharge from your vagina Pain during sex Bleeding after sex Bleeding between periods Pain in your pelvic area below your belly button Unlike other STDs, there is no test for MG that the FDA has approved.


Question: Do condoms help reduce the chances of getting mycoplasma genitalium (MG)?

Answer: Condoms can reduce your chance of getting MG, but they can't guarantee you won't get it. If you have the disease, avoid having sex for 7 days after you start treatment so you don't infect others.


Question: What are complications from mycoplasma genitalium (MG)?

Answer: MG can cause a number of complications: A problem that makes your urethra irritated, swollen, and itchy, called urethritis. It can happen to men and women. An infection of a woman's reproductive organs, called pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID), which can make it hard to get pregnant. An inflamed cervix, called cervicitis Scientists aren't sure if an MG infection can make it hard for men to get a woman pregnant.


Question: What are the side effects of using opioids for pain relief?

Answer: Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain.


Question: What are some other pain relievers?

Answer: The most common side effects include: Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Another means of topical pain relief comes in the form of a lidocaine ( Lidoderm) patch, which is a prescription medication. If your pain is not relieved by the usual treatments, your doctor may refer you to a pain management specialist. Doctors who specialize in pain management may try other treatments such as certain types of physical therapy or other kinds of medicine. They may also recommend TENS, a procedure that uses patches placed on the skin to send signals that may help stop pain. Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is a method of pain control that allows the patient to control the amount of pain medication administered. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient receives a pre-measured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area.


Question: What are opioids?

Answer: Some examples of opioids include: Morphine Fentanyl Oxycodone Codeine Opioids are effective for severe pain and do not cause bleeding in the stomach or other parts of the body, as can some other types of pain relievers. It is rare for people to become addicted to opioids if the drugs are used to treat pain for a short period of time.


Question: What are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers?

Answer: Over-the-counter ( OTC) pain relievers include: Acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) or naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs reduce fever and relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, but only NSAIDs can also reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Acetaminophen and NSAIDs also work differently. NSAIDs relieve pain by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain. Acetaminophen works on the parts of the brain that receive the "pain messages." NSAIDs are also available in a prescription strength that can be prescribed by your physician. Using NSAIDs increase the risk of heart attack or stroke and have also been known to cause stomach ulcers and bleeding. They can also cause kidney problems.


Question: What are some prescription pain relievers?

Answer: Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions.


Question: What are the side effects of using antidepressants for pain relief?

Answer: In general, antidepressants have fewer long-term side effects than frequent, ongoing use of other pain medicines. Generally, SSRIs and SNRIs have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders.


Question: Which antidepressants work best to treat pain?

Answer: Chronic pain conditions treated by low-dose antidepressants include some types of headaches (like migraines) and menstrual pain. Some antidepressant medications include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) such as citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine ( Norpramin), doxepin ( Silenor), imipramine ( Tofranil), and nortriptyline ( Pamelor) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) such as venlafaxine ( Effexor) and duloxetine ( Cymbalta) These drugs require a steady dose of the medicine buildup in the body over a period of time to work. The doses needed to treat pain are often lower than those needed to treat depression.


Question: What are anticonvulsants?

Answer: The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders. Some of these medications are shown to be effective in treating pain as well. The exact way in which these medicines control pain is unclear but it is thought that they minimize the effects of nerves that cause pain. Some examples include carbamazepine ( Tegretol), gabapentin ( Neurontin), and pregabalin ( Lyrica).


Question: How do antidepressants treat pain relief?

Answer: Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. These medications can increase the availability of the body's signals for well-being and relaxation, enabling pain control for some people with chronic pain conditions that do not completely respond to usual treatments. Research suggests antidepressants work best for neuropathic or nerve pain.


Question: What are some topical pain relievers?

Answer: Topical pain relievers are also available without a doctor's prescription. These products include creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain from sore muscles and arthritis. Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions.


Question: How might a doctor remove an object stuck in your nose?

Answer: If you seek medical help to remove the object: The health care provider will use suction or another method to remove it. The person may need numbing drops placed in the nose or to be sedated. The health care provider may prescribe nose drops or an antibiotic ointment.


Question: What helps someone feel better after they have an object removed from their nose?

Answer: If the nose is tender or stuffy: Give extra fluids for 2 to 3 days. Have the person breathe moist air from a humidifier or hot shower. Have the person sleep with head elevated. Ask your health care provider about using an oral decongestant or decongestant nasal spray.


Question: How can you move your body to help with ADHD?

Answer: Move your body: Exercise is good for everyone, but it can do more than improve your heart health if you have ADHD. Even a little regular exercise can ease ADHD symptoms. After you exercise, you'll feel more focused and have more energy to stay on task. Shoot for 20 to 30 minutes a day. If you work in an office, a brisk walk during lunch may be the ticket to beating your brain's afternoon slump.


Question: How can you control clutter to help with ADHD?

Answer: Control clutter: Another way to quiet your brain is to clear your space of things you don't need. It can prevent distractions, and it can help you stay organized because you'll have fewer things to tidy up. Go paperless -- take your name off junk mailing lists and pay bills online. Get some organizational helpers like under-the-bed containers or over-the-door holders. Ask a friend to help if it seems like you're swimming in a sea of debris and you don't know where to start.


Question: How can you reward yourself to help with ADHD?

Answer: Reward yourself: Sticking to a task can be easier when there's a mood booster at the end. Before you tackle a project, decide on a reward for yourself once you're done. Positive reinforcement can help you stay the course.


Question: How can you quiet your mind to help with ADHD?

Answer: Quiet your mind by quieting your space: When it's time to buckle down and get something done, take away the distractions. Use noise-canceling headphones to drown out sounds. Put your phone on silent. Work in a room with a door you can close. If you can do your job from home, set up the space in a way that helps you focus.


Question: How can you learn to say no to help with ADHD?

Answer: Learn to say no: Impulsive behavior can be a side effect of having ADHD. This means your brain might bite off more than it can handle. If you find yourself overwhelmed, try to say no to a few things. Ask yourself: Can I really get this done? Be honest with yourself and with others about what's possible and what's not. Once you get comfortable saying no, you'll be able to enjoy the things you say yes to even more.


Question: How can you be realistic about time to help with ADHD?

Answer: Be realistic about time: Your brain is wired differently than other people's, and it may take you longer to get things done. That's OK. Figure out a realistic time frame for your daily tasks -- and don't forget to build in time for breaks if you think you'll need them.


Question: How can you make a schedule to help with ADHD?

Answer: Make a schedule: Choose a time that's quiet and unhurried -- maybe at night before you go to bed -- and plan out the next day, down to the task. Use a reminder app, timer, or alarm to help you stick to that schedule. Alternate things you want to do with ones you don't to help your mind stay engaged.


Question: Can I be screened for breast cancer?

Answer: Studies have found that regular mammograms can help you live longer. But medical groups have different guidelines on when you should get them. Some recommend screening tests every other year starting at age 50 if you have a normal risk for breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends women starting at age 45 get yearly mammograms and those ages 40 â 44 should have the choice to begin yearly mammograms if they would like.


Question: When is it difficult to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Breast cancer caught early is easier to treat and cure than after it starts to spread. Some types of the disease are also more treatable than others. For example, a breast tumor that is "estrogen receptor positive" will benefit from drugs that lower estrogen levels. On the other hand, "triple negative" breast cancers tend to be more aggressive and don't benefit from targeted treatments.


Question: What makes the chances of recovery from prostate cancer good?

Answer: When that happens, they aren't harmful enough to need treatment. Many men with these types of tumors can live for years without problems. They often die of something other than their cancer.


Question: When is testicular cancer difficult to treat?

Answer: The 5-year survival rate for this type of tumor is 73%, still pretty high for a cancer in the late stages. Does screening help? There are no screening tests for testicular cancer.


Question: How can I be tested for thyroid cancer?

Answer: There are no recommended screening tests for thyroid cancer. Most people find out they have a tumor when they (or a doctor) feel lumps or swelling in their neck. Sometimes a doctor spots the problem when you get an ultrasound for another reason. Definitely tell your doctor if you feel a lump in your neck or if you have any symptoms such as trouble breathing or swallowing.


Question: Does screening for testicular cancer help the chances of recovery?

Answer: There are no screening tests for testicular cancer. Men should see their doctor if they feel a lump in a testicle, or if one becomes larger than the other. These could be early signs of a tumor.


Question: Does screening for melanoma help the chances of recovery?

Answer: You can check your skin for large, dark, oddly shaped, or raised blotches. It's especially important to check your back and your scalp, scrotum, and in between your toes. It's harder to see melanomas in these places. Tell your doctor right away if you notice any of these changes. He can tell you if the spot is normal or not. Get screened regularly by a dermatologist if you have a higher risk for melanoma, like if you've had it before or it runs in your family.


Question: How many people are alive five years after they have been diagnosed with prostate cancer?

Answer: People alive 5 years after a diagnosis: early stages of 0 and 1 - 99% to 100% What makes the chances of recovery good?


Question: What makes the chances of recovery from melanoma good?

Answer: You can usually spot melanoma skin cancer with the naked eye while it is still in its early stages. If it hasn't spread beyond the surface of the skin, doctors can remove and cure it with surgery.


Question: How many people are alive five years after they have been diagnosed with melanoma?

Answer: People alive 5 years after a diagnosis: 91.7% What makes the chances of recovery good?


Question: Can I be screened for testicular cancer?

Answer: There are no screening tests for testicular cancer. Men should see their doctor if they feel a lump in a testicle, or if one becomes larger than the other. These could be early signs of a tumor.


Question: When is thyroid cancer difficult to treat?

Answer: A type of the disease called anaplastic thyroid cancer has a 5-year survival rate of only 7%, but it's very rare.


Question: What makes a cure less likely for thyroid cancer?

Answer: A type of the disease called anaplastic thyroid cancer has a 5-year survival rate of only 7%, but it's very rare.


Question: What makes the chances of recovery from breast cancer good?

Answer: Modern medicine has made great strides against breast cancer. Doctors today know more about how to find and treat it. We also understand the condition much better than ever before. For instance, we now know that breast cancer is not one disease but many. Researchers have come up with different medications to treat specific types.


Question: How many people are alive five years after they have been diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: People alive 5 years after a diagnosis: early stages of 0 and 1 - 99% to 100% What makes the chances of recovery good?


Question: How many people are alive five years after they have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer?

Answer: People alive 5 years after diagnosis: about 98% (depending on tissue type) What makes the chances of recovery good?


Question: How many people are alive five years after they have been diagnosed with testicular cancer?

Answer: People alive 5 years after a diagnosis: 95.1% What makes the chances of recovery good?


Question: When is prostate cancer difficult to treat?

Answer: When cancer spreads (called metastatic cancer), it's much harder to treat. A small percentage of prostate cancers can move quickly to distant parts of the body. When that happens, only about 29% of men live 5 years after they're diagnosed. The good news is that doctors usually catch most prostate cancers early before they spread.


Question: How can AFib lead to heart failure?

Answer: When you have both, which is common, symptoms tend to be worse than when you have just one or the other. When you have AFib, your heart typically beats faster than normal, even when you're just resting. And since the heart's doing more of quiver than a strong push, it ends up sending out only a fraction of the blood it normally would. It's like the difference between a bunch of short, frantic bursts on a bike pump versus long, steady strokes.


Question: Can AFib lead to heart failure?

Answer: AFib can lead to heart failure, and heart failure puts you at greater risk for AFib. When you have both, which is common, symptoms tend to be worse than when you have just one or the other.


Question: What other heart conditions increase your risk of heart failure and AFib?

Answer: Your odds for heart failure and AFib go up if you have other heart conditions, such as: Coronary artery disease, where plaque builds up in your heart's arteries and leads to less blood flow Cardiomyopathy, which is damage to your heart muscle Heart valve problems, such as a leaky valve or a valve that doesn't fully open Myocarditis, where the muscles of your heart get swollen and irritated Other health conditions.


Question: How can heart failure lead to AFib?

Answer: It works in the other direction, too. Your heart's rhythm is controlled by electrical signals. For those signals to work well, they need healthy heart tissue. But heart failure can actually stretch your atria and cause tissue in your heart to thicken and scar. Those changes throw off the electrical signals, and that messes up the heart's rhythm and can cause AFib.


Question: Are vision problems and yeast infections signs your child might have blood sugar problems?

Answer: Vision problems: High blood sugar can pull fluid from the eye, making it hard to focus. Yeast infections: Yeast thrives on sugar, which may lead to infections in girls and diaper rashes in babies.


Question: Are constant bathroom trips or extreme thirst signs your child might have blood sugar problems?

Answer: Tip-offs that your child's blood sugar level may be too high include: Constant trips to the bathroom: If it seems like he has to pee all the time, it might be because his body is trying to flush out extra glucose. Extreme thirst: If your youngster is peeing a lot, he's losing a lot of fluids. He may try to get them back by drinking more than usual.


Question: If your child is having trouble using glucose the right way, his body may start breaking down muscle and fat for energy.

Answer: Tip-offs that your child's blood sugar level may be too high include: Constant trips to the bathroom: If it seems like he has to pee all the time, it might be because his body is trying to flush out extra glucose.


Question: What can cause a child to have low blood sugar?

Answer: That's true, but only up to a certain point: If blood sugar goes too low, it means your child won't have enough fuel. If it gets really low (your doctor may call it hypoglycemia), your child could have a seizure or even develop brain damage. A child who doesn't have diabetes might have an episode of hypoglycemia because he skipped lunch before soccer practice. It's also possible that a medicine your child takes raises his chances of having low blood sugar. He also could have been born with a condition that affects his metabolism. In any case, unless the cause is clear-cut (like not eating before being active), you should have your child's pediatrician investigate.


Question: What might you notice if your child has low blood sugar?

Answer: If your child has low blood sugar, you may notice: Pale or gray skin Moodiness Clumsiness Confusion Your child might tell you that he: Feels shaky or dizzy Gets headaches Struggles to see clearly Sweats even when he's not active Is hungry a lot The skin around his mouth might also tingle, and it might feel like his heart is racing.


Question: How should I clean up my cat’s vomit?

Answer: 3 -- Vomit Like humans, cats vomit. Unlike humans, they don't do it in the toilet. Try to clean the mess before it sets to avoid odors and stubborn stains. If the vomit is solid, pick it up with a paper towel. Then scrub the area with a pet-safe deodorizing cleaner. If the vomit is loose, scrape it into one pile with a plastic spoon. Blot the area with paper towels. Then use a deodorizer or pet stain-and-odor remover. You may need to clean stubborn stains or odors more than once.


Question: How can I help stop my cat from spraying urine?

Answer: To stop your cat from spraying, try a pheromone product. It smells like your cat's natural scent. One whiff, and he'll have no reason to mark his territory again.


Question: How should I clean up my cat’s poop?

Answer: 2 -- Poop Cat poop may be smellier than urine, but it's easier to get off your floor. Wear gloves. Cat feces may contain a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a disease that's especially dangerous to pregnant women. If you're pregnant, let your partner clean up the mess. Pick up the poop with paper towels. Throw it out in the same place you toss your litter box scoopings. Rinse the area with cool water and blot dry. Apply an enzyme-based pet stain-and-odor remover.


Question: How much calcium should I get per day?

Answer: For calcium: Children ages 1-3 should get 700 milligrams of calcium a day. Children ages 4-8 should get 1,000 milligrams per day. Children over age 9 and teenagers should get 1,300 milligrams of calcium a day. Women over age 51 and men over age 71 should get 1,200 milligrams per day. All other adults should get 1,000 milligrams per day.


Question: What foods are a good source of calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer: Milk, yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products have high levels of calcium, and also other key nutrients for bone health, such as phosphorus and protein. When you read food labels, look for foods and drinks that give you 10% or more of the Daily Value for calcium.


Question: How much vitamin D should I get per day?

Answer: For vitamin D: 600 international units ( IU) of vitamin D per day from age 1 through age 70 800 IU daily after age 70.


Question: What are the symptoms and diagnosis for insulin resistance?

Answer: You can't tell that you have insulin resistance by how you feel. You'll need to get a blood test that checks your blood sugar levels. Likewise, you won't know if you have most of the other conditions that are part of insulin resistance syndrome (high blood pressure, low "good" cholesterol levels, and high triglycerides) without seeing your doctor.


Question: When should I send medications to school for my child with asthma?

Answer: Most kids can better manage their asthma symptoms if they carry and know how to use their asthma inhalers and other medications at school. At the same time, schools must follow state laws and policies about whether students can carry and use inhalers and other treatments, like epinephrine auto-injectors. If your child's school doesn't usually let kids carry medicine, talk with school officials to figure out what skills he would need to show in order to make that possible. Then work with his doctor to make learning those skills a part of your child's asthma action plan. The doctor can also tell the school whether she recommends letting your child carry and give himself his medicine.


Question: How can I prevent asthma problems for my child at school?

Answer: The most important thing is to talk to your child and explain to him as much about asthma as he can understand at his age. Ideally, he should be able to keep track of when it's time to take his medicine and know how to use an inhaler. You should also brief school officials on the details of your child's asthma. They should know how severe his condition is, his triggers, which medications he needs and how to give them, and what to do in case of an asthma attack.


Question: Who should manage my child's asthma at school?

Answer: The more teachers and other adults at school who know about your child's asthma, the better. He could have an asthma attack in art or music class, in the hallway, or another area where his classroom teacher isn't around. So make sure a few different adults know how to help: Classroom teacher.


Question: How can the school nurse help my child with asthma?

Answer: Also, it is very important to make sure the school nurse has all the medicines that your child might need during school hours, along with instructions for giving them. Remember that for some inhalers, there's often no way to tell if the device still has medicine in it or not. You will need to keep track of the date when you send the inhaler and replace the medicines at school regularly.


Question: What are the symptoms of sulfa allergies?

Answer: If you're allergic to sulfa drugs, or any other medication, you may have one or more of these symptoms: Skin rash or hives Itching Breathing problems Swelling The reaction can also cause these serious skin reactions: Sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity syndrome: Rash, fever, and organ problems begin within 1 to 2 weeks after you start the drug.


Question: What are the skin symptoms of sulfa allergies?

Answer: If you're allergic to sulfa drugs, or any other medication, you may have one or more of these symptoms: Skin rash or hives Itching Breathing problems Swelling The reaction can also cause these serious skin reactions: Sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity syndrome: Rash, fever, and organ problems begin within 1 to 2 weeks after you start the drug. Drug eruption: Red or swollen, rounded patches form in 30 minutes to 8 hours. Stevens Johnson syndrome: This potentially life-threatening reaction causes skin to blister and peel off. Other reactions to sulfa drugs include headache, trouble sleeping, cloudy urine (crystalluria), and low blood counts. Rarely, a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis happens.


Question: What drugs should I avoid with sulfa allergies?

Answer: Sulfa antibiotics have been widely used for more than 70 years. In fact, the first antibiotic was a sulfa drug introduced in 1936. Today, these drugs include burn creams, vaginal suppositories, and eye drops as well as medications for many types of infections. If you've had an allergic reaction to one sulfa antibiotic, you're probably allergic to all of them. Here are a few examples of common sulfa drugs that could cause problems: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ( Bactrim, Sulfatrim): a sulfa combination drug that can be taken in liquid or pill form for many types of infections Sulfacetamide ( BLEPH-10): drops for eye infections Sulfadiazine silver ( Silvadene): cream to prevent and treat burn infections Sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine): pills for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease Even if you're allergic to antibiotics that have sulfa, you might be able to take some other types of sulfa drugs without a reaction.


Question: What causes a toothache?

Answer: A toothache is a pain in or around a tooth that may be caused by: Tooth decay Abscessed tooth Tooth fracture A damaged filling Repetitive motions, such as chewing gum or grinding teeth Infected gums Symptoms of a toothache may include: Tooth pain that may be sharp, throbbing, or constant.


Question: When should you see a dentist about a toothache?

Answer: Swelling around the tooth Fever or headache Foul-tasting drainage from the infected tooth See your dentist as soon as possible about your toothache if: You have a toothache that lasts longer than 1 or 2 days Your toothache is severe You have a fever, earache, or pain upon opening your mouth wide Proper identification and treatment of dental infections is important to prevent its spread to other parts of the face and skull and possibly even to the bloodstream. To treat your toothache, your dentist will first obtain your medical history and conduct a physical exam. He or she will ask you questions about the pain, such as when the pain started, how severe it is, where the pain is located, what makes the pain worse, and what makes it better.


Question: What can your dentist do for a toothache?

Answer: He or she will ask you questions about the pain, such as when the pain started, how severe it is, where the pain is located, what makes the pain worse, and what makes it better. Your dentist will examine your mouth, teeth, gums, jaws, tongue, throat, sinuses, ears, nose, and neck. X-rays may be taken as well as other tests, depending on what your dentist suspects is causing your toothache. Treatment for a toothache depends on the cause. If a cavity is causing the toothache, your dentist will fill the cavity or possibly extract the tooth, if necessary.


Question: Can you prevent toothaches?

Answer: Since most toothaches are the result of tooth decay, following good oral hygiene practices can prevent toothaches. Good oral hygiene practices consist of brushing regularly with a fluoride-containing toothpaste, flossing once daily, rinsing once or twice a day with an antiseptic mouthwash, and seeing your dentist twice a year for professional cleaning. In addition to these practices, eat foods low in sugar and ask your dentist about sealants and fluoride applications.


Question: What are symptoms of a toothache?

Answer: A toothache is a pain in or around a tooth that may be caused by: Tooth decay Abscessed tooth Tooth fracture A damaged filling Repetitive motions, such as chewing gum or grinding teeth Infected gums Symptoms of a toothache may include: Tooth pain that may be sharp, throbbing, or constant. In some people, pain results only when pressure is applied to the tooth. Swelling around the tooth Fever or headache Foul-tasting drainage from the infected tooth See your dentist as soon as possible about your toothache if: You have a toothache that lasts longer than 1 or 2 days Your toothache is severe You have a fever, earache, or pain upon opening your mouth wide Proper identification and treatment of dental infections is important to prevent its spread to other parts of the face and skull and possibly even to the bloodstream.


Question: How is salmonella infection treated in healthy adults?

Answer: For healthy adults: If you have diarrhea with your salmonella infection, you should drink a lot of water and other fluids. Your doctor might suggest you drink a rehydration liquid, like Pedialyte, if your diarrhea is severe. If your doctor confirms that you have a salmonella infection, he might prescribe antibiotics. You need to be sure you finish the prescription and take it exactly as directed.


Question: How can salmonella affect your body's tissues?

Answer: Signs of dehydration include: Peeing only in small amounts Dry tongue and mouth Sunken and dry eyes If the salmonella infection gets into your blood, it can infect your body's tissues, such as: The tissues around your brain and spinal cord The lining of your heart or heart valves Your bones or bone marrow The lining of blood vessels These infections can lead to serious diseases.


Question: How is salmonella infection treated in children?

Answer: For children: If your child has a healthy immune system, the doctor may not prescribe any treatment, but rather let the infection run its course. But if your kid has a bad fever, you may want to give her acetaminophen ( Tylenol).


Question: How can I get salmonella from water?

Answer: Produce can be contaminated another way, too. While animal poop is still the culprit, it's not because of manure being put directly on the fields, but contaminated water used to help the produce grow.


Question: How can I get salmonella from fertilizer?

Answer: But you can also get it by eating fruits or vegetables that have been in contact with manure from animals that have it. Animal poop is often used in fertilizer for fruits and vegetables, which is how produce such as lettuce, spinach, or strawberries can also be a source of salmonella in people.


Question: How common is salmonella?

Answer: Salmonella infections (also often referred to, generally, as food poisoning) are quite common. Throughout the world, tens of millions of cases are reported every year. Most people get over it without treatment, but some cases are so severe people need to go to the hospital. In rare cases it's life-threatening. Infections are more common in the summer than the winter â after all, people host more picnics when it's hot than cold. Children are more likely than adults to get an infection. In addition to young children, older adults and people with weak immune systems are most likely to be infected.