Question: Do experts know what causes migraine?

Answer: Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true.


Question: What are specific weather triggers of headaches and migraines?

Answer: Three out of every four respondents said that weather triggered their headache pain. Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. The survey cited earlier also found that two out of three headache sufferers had not discussed environmental triggers with their doctors.


Question: What plays a role in headaches and migraines?

Answer: Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true.


Question: What are warning signs of headaches and migraines triggered by the weather?

Answer: Keeping a headache or migraine diary is the first step toward keeping pain from disrupting your life. Some people have clear signs that a migraine headache is coming. Possible signs include: Irritability Depression Frequent yawning Feeling especially excitable If headaches plague you, keep a daily headache diary. Record any irritability or other prodromal signs.


Question: Does the weather really trigger headaches and migraines?

Answer: People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. But those same experts would agree that headache is still somewhat of a mystery. They also point out that headaches are as individual as they are unpredictable. The only way to know for sure if weather is a factor for you is to find out for yourself. And the only way to do that is with a detailed headache diary. But you may be better able to plan around it and keep your headaches at bay.


Question: What common environmental triggers can cause migraines?

Answer: Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. They also said they'd stayed away from places likely to have smoke in the air, such as restaurants or bars. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true.


Question: What is estradiol?

Answer: A hormone is a chemical substance. Estriol is made from the placenta. Estradiol is responsible for female characteristics and sexual functioning. Also, estradiol is important to women's bone health. Estradiol contributes to most gynecologic problems, including endometriosis and fibroids and even female cancers.


Question: Do estrogen levels fall at menopause?

Answer: It is the main estrogen present after menopause. Estrogen levels fall at menopause. This is a natural transition for all women between ages 40 and 55. The first natural decline in estrogen levels starts during this phase.


Question: Why do estrogen levels rise in women?

Answer: During puberty, it's normal for levels of estrogen to rise. In addition, high levels of estrogen are seen in women who are extremely overweight. Estrogen levels rise during a healthy pregnancy, and increased estrogen levels may be seen with tumors of the ovaries, testes, or adrenal glands.


Question: Are there groups or organizations that can help me with my migraines?

Answer: From medications, to alternative treatments, to new methods to ease stress and relax, try these tips to keep the pain at bay. Other people with migraine headaches can offer other tips on how to deal with your symptoms. See if you can find some that meet in your area or online.


Question: How can I relieve emotional stress to treat my migraine?

Answer: From medications, to alternative treatments, to new methods to ease stress and relax, try these tips to keep the pain at bay. Learn skills that can calm you, like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation.


Question: What happens to my body after 8 hours of not smoking?

Answer: Why does that matter? Carbon monoxide is a chemical in cigarettes, and it crowds out oxygen in your blood. That causes problems from your muscles to your brain because they don't get the oxygen they need. But as the chemical's levels drop, your oxygen gets back to normal. By the end of day 3, you breathe easier and have more energy.


Question: How will a doctor treat a black widow spider bite?

Answer: If possible, kill and capture the spider (place it in a plastic bag or jar) and take it to your doctor appointment. Your doctor will review your symptoms and decide what more treatment, if any, is needed. If they're severe, you may need muscle relaxants or stronger pain medicine. You may have to stay in the hospital, though that's rarely the case. In the most severe cases, your doctor may inject you with antivenin. It's a drug made from substances in the blood of horses. Antivenin neutralizes the black widow's venom. Antivenin can cause a number of side effects, so if your doctor gives it to you, he'll have to monitor you for about 8 to 12 days afterward.


Question: What are the risks and benefits of taking part in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Through pancreatic cancer clinical trials, researchers test the effects of new drugs on a group of volunteers with pancreatic cancer. The drugs being tested may be more or less effective than the current pancreatic cancer treatment. The specifics of a particular clinical trial should be discussed with your doctor.


Question: How are new medications and treatments for pancreatic cancer tested?

Answer: Following a strict protocol and using carefully controlled conditions, researchers evaluate the investigational drugs under development and measure the ability of the new drug to treat pancreatic cancer, its safety, and any possible side effects. Patient and Liaison Services ( PALS) program staff can speak with you by phone, at no charge, to help find trials that might be right for you.


Question: Can massage therapy help with depression?

Answer: Some people with depression prefer non-drug approaches to help them manage their condition and feel better. The belief is that when your body is relaxed, your mind can add to better health, less depression, and overall wellness. There are also reports that mind/body exercises, used with various types of bodywork, can boost feelings of calmness.


Question: What herbal supplements are used as alternative treatments for depression?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about which complementary and alternative treatments might work for you. These can be anything from diet and exercise to mental conditioning and lifestyle changes, including: Acupuncture Aromatherapy Biofeedback Chiropractic treatments Guided imagery Dietary supplements Hypnosis Massage therapy Meditation Relaxation Yoga St. John's wort is a common herbal supplement suggested for depression. It's been used for medical purposes in other parts of the world for thousands of years. They could interact with your medicines, and they can be dangerous for people with certain conditions.


Question: Can I try alternative treatments for depression?

Answer: Natural treatments and home remedies may be good for milder forms of depression. But there's no hard evidence that they're effective for moderate to severe depression. Talk to your doctor about which complementary and alternative treatments might work for you. Music therapy can be a useful and effective non-drug approach for people of all ages that may help to ease uncomfortable feelings such as fear, anxiety, stress, and grief.


Question: How can garlic help with cholesterol or triglycerides?

Answer: Soy can lower total and LDL cholesterol levels a little. But overall, the evidence doesn't seem to support garlic as an effective way to lower cholesterol.


Question: What AFib medications may be safer for pregnant women?

Answer: Which AFib medications are right for you during pregnancy depends on your particular case and how severe your AFib is. So your doctor may recommend that you switch to a different drug. For instance, you could get aspirin (during the second and third trimesters) or heparin to thin your blood and reduce the risk of blood clots. Doctors often prefer the beta-blockers metoprolol and atenolol over other beta-blockers, which are drugs that lower blood pressure and slow your heart rate, to help control the atrial fibrillation.


Question: What doctors do you need to see regularly if you have Afib while you're pregnant?

Answer: But you'll need to work with your doctor to do that. So your doctor may recommend that you switch to a different drug.


Question: How do pregnancy and AFib affect your heart?

Answer: Many healthy women notice heart palpitations, flutters in their chest, or skipped heartbeats while pregnant. If you already had AFib, all these changes can make you more likely to have heart rhythm problems come back or get worse. And for some women, who never had AFib before, pregnancy can be when it first starts. Doctors often diagnose new cases of AFib during the third trimester of pregnancy. Because of these risks, you'll probably have extra appointments with your doctor to make sure your pregnancy goes well and to check on how your heart is doing.


Question: Are digoxin and quinidine safe to take for AFib while you're pregnant?

Answer: Which AFib medications are right for you during pregnancy depends on your particular case and how severe your AFib is. After you deliver your baby, you will be able to take blood-thinning medicines again.


Question: What is AFib and can it affect a pregnancy?

Answer: But you'll need to work with your doctor to do that. Digoxin, a common heart disease medication, is considered safe during pregnancy and is one of the preferred medications for pregnant women with AFib. If you have AFib and are pregnant, you should watch for signs of blood clots, including: Swelling, redness, and pain in an arm or leg A fast heartbeat Lightheadedness Trouble or pain with breathing Chest pain or tightness Pain that extends to your shoulder, arm, back, or jaw Sudden weakness or numbness of your face, arm, or leg Sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden changes in your vision You should also call your doctor if you have signs of a new or worsening arrhythmia.


Question: What happens if you have neurodermatitis?

Answer: Severely affected skin may develop painful, deep cracks, also called fissures. This type of eczema often affects these areas: Back Sides or back of the neck Genitals Scalp Wrists Ankles Inside and behind the ear People may scratch affected areas during the day without realizing it. They may also scratch while asleep. Usually, neurodermatitis causes a skin outbreak that doesn't get any bigger.


Question: How is atopic dermatitis treated?

Answer: Antibiotics to treat infections Ultraviolet light, alone or with a drug called psoralen There are two types of contact dermatitis: Irritant contact dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis These types of eczema can develop after a substance damages the skin. Treatments include: Steroid creams or ointments Creams or lotions that lubricate the skin Moist compresses Antibiotics to treat infections Elevating the legs Compression stockings


Question: What can cause nummular dermatitis?

Answer: The cause is unknown. However, factors that may raise the chance that an outbreak will strike include: Cold, dry air Exposure to chemicals such as formaldehyde Exposure to metals, including nickel Treatments for nummular dermatitis include: Protecting your skin from scratches and other injuries Taking a lukewarm bath or shower, then applying a moisturizer to your skin Applying a steroid ointment to the rash Taking a steroid medication by mouth or injection that goes to work throughout your body Taking antibiotics if an infection develops People with this type of eczema develop skin irritation in spots that they frequently scratch out of habit.


Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat bone metastasis?

Answer: Your doctor will use a type of chemo that is effective against your primary tumor. So, if you have metastatic lung cancer, for example, your doctor will use drugs that are effective against lung cancer. Doctors tend to use this systemic treatment when the metastasis is stimulating new bone growth.


Question: What are possible side effects of immunotherapy for bone metastasis?

Answer: They may include: Fever and chills Weakness Headache Nausea or diarrhea Rashes Radiation is a "local treatment" because it does not affect your entire body. Possible side effects.


Question: How does chemotherapy for bone metastasis work?

Answer: In most cases, you take chemo by mouth or through a vein (by IV). This can often shrink the tumors, which will ease your pain and help you feel better. These drugs contain radioactive elements that target cancer cells.


Question: How does immunotherapy work to treat bone metastasis?

Answer: Chemo can kill normal cells in addition to cancer cells. Examples of immunotherapy for cancer include: Cytokines -- substances secreted by the immune system that have an effect on other cells Monoclonal antibodies -- a class of antibodies made in the lab from a single population of cells Tumor vaccines -- vaccines using a substance that prompts the immune system to respond to a tumor Possible side effects.


Question: How is bone metastasis treated?

Answer: Treatment can't cure bone metastasis, but it can relieve pain, help prevent complications, and improve your quality of life. Doctors use two types of treatments for metastatic cancer in the bones. Systemic treatments can reach cancer cells throughout the body. Local treatments directly target the cancer in the bone. If your cancer has spread to many bones, these drugs may be a better option than standard radiation, which uses a beam to aim radiation at each bone metastasis.


Question: What should you know about cavities?

Answer: Cavities are what you get from tooth decay -- damage to the tooth. Tooth decay can affect both the outer coating of a tooth (called enamel) and the inner layer (called dentin). When foods with carbohydrates like bread, cereal, milk, soda, fruit, cake, or candy stay on your teeth. The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel, creating holes called cavities. This exposes the roots of your teeth to plaque.


Question: How are cavities treated?

Answer: Sometimes you can see pits or holes in your teeth. He fills in the hole with a filling made of either silver alloy, gold, porcelain, or a composite resin. These materials are safe. Crowns are used when a tooth is so badly decayed that not much of it remains. Your dentist removes and repairs the damaged part. The dentist removes the nerve, blood vessels, and tissue along with the decayed portions of the tooth. You may need a crown over the filled tooth.


Question: How can I manage anger in the moment?

Answer: When you start feeling angry, try deep breathing, positive self-talk, or stopping your angry thoughts. Although expressing anger is better than keeping it in, there's a right way to do it. Talk through your feelings and try to work on changing your behaviors. Try to gain a different perspective by putting yourself in another's place. Learn to assert yourself, expressing your feelings calmly and directly without becoming defensive, hostile, or emotionally charged. Read self-help books or seek help from a professional therapist to learn how to use assertiveness and anger management skills.


Question: What should I know about diaper rash?

Answer: Learn how to treat diaper rash and prevent flare-ups. Your baby's little bottom will thank you! To avoid a mess, do it right after a bowel movement. These products aim to soothe a baby's sore skin or create a protective barrier -- or both.


Question: What products can help with a diaper rash?

Answer: Try a squirt bottle to wash the area well, without rubbing sore skin. Smooth on cream or ointment to your baby's clean, dry bottom before putting on a clean diaper. Look for zinc oxide or petrolatum (petroleum jelly) on the ingredients list. If you use baby powder, keep it away from your baby's face. The talc or cornstarch in the powder can cause breathing problems. Place it in your hand, then apply it to the diaper area.


Question: How can diverticulosis be prevented?

Answer: Diverticula can form while straining during a bowel movement, such as with constipation. People who have diverticulosis without symptoms or complications do not need specific treatment, yet it is important to adopt a high-fiber diet to prevent the further formation of diverticula. Most of them are the result of the development of a tear or perforation of the intestinal wall.


Question: How common is diverticulosis?

Answer: Complications can occur in about 20% of people with diverticulosis. Symptoms of diverticulitis may include: Diarrhea and/or constipation Painful cramps or tenderness in the lower abdomen Chills or fever Because people with diverticulosis do not have any symptoms, it is usually found through tests ordered for an unrelated reason.


Question: What can you do when colic is stressing you out?

Answer: When you're a new mom or dad, it can be a huge challenge to parent a baby who's always cranky. You are not a bad parent to feel that way, so don't feel guilty. If you're at the end of the rope, remember it is OK to leave baby in his crib or play pen for a short time while you leave the room to collect yourself.


Question: Why do you need an early diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: It's important to get the right diagnosis as early as you can to start treatment to bring your cholesterol levels down. You'll learn your total cholesterol number and also find out your levels of HDL "good" cholesterol and LDL "bad cholesterol. If high cholesterol or heart attacks run in your family, everyone can be tested for these gene problems.


Question: What blood tests help diagnose heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: If you or your child has any of these signs, talk to your doctor to see if you need to get checked for He FH: High LDL cholesterol on a blood test that won't go down with changes in diet. You'll learn your total cholesterol number and also find out your levels of HDL "good" cholesterol and LDL "bad cholesterol. If your total cholesterol level is above 300 mg/d L, or your child's is above 250 mg/d L, it's one sign of He FH. LDL cholesterol levels higher than 200 mg/d L are another sign. Your doctor can also rule out other causes for your high cholesterol, like your diet, or give you blood tests to check for kidney, liver, or thyroid problems.


Question: What genetic changes may mean you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: There are some simple exams that can help your doctor figure out if you or your child has heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia ( He FH), a condition that sends your cholesterol numbers way up. He FH runs in families. If your total cholesterol level is above 300 mg/d L, or your child's is above 250 mg/d L, it's one sign of He FH.


Question: What is enthesitis-related arthritis?

Answer: There are five types of juvenile arthritis: Systemic arthritis, also called Still's disease, can affect the entire body or involve many systems of the body. This type of arthritis is more common in girls than in boys, and many children will outgrow this disease by the time they become adults. Children with this type of arthritis often have pitted fingernails.


Question: How can eating a balanced diet help ease osteoarthritis symptoms?

Answer: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and fish oil, may also help relieve pain. Experts say it's best to focus on healthy foods rather than on single nutrients. You can get all the nutrients you need simply by following a balanced diet. Make sure your menu includes plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, fish, and lean meats such as turkey and pork tenderloin. Losing weight can ease symptoms of arthritis.


Question: How does exercise benefit my heart health?

Answer: This lowers your blood pressure and makes it easier for your heart to do its work. Getting no more than 1,500 milligrams per day (about a quarter-teaspoon of table salt) helps the most. It helps with your blood pressure and weight, and it makes your heart stronger. Alcohol can: Raise your blood pressure Increase your chances of stroke Increase your risk of dying if you have a heart attack Damage your heart muscle and lead to heart failure On the other hand, moderate use of alcohol may have these two benefits: Lower your blood pressure two to four points Increase the levels of HDL good cholesterol in your blood " Moderate" drinking means the following: No more than two drinks per day for men No more than one drink per day for women If you don't drink now, health experts usually don't recommend that you start.


Question: What is farmer's lung?

Answer: An acute attack is an intense reaction that happens 4 to 8 hours after you breathe in mold. Storing animal feed like hay, grass, or grain inside makes mold more likely to grow.


Question: What is an acute attack of farmer's lung?

Answer: An acute attack is an intense reaction that happens 4 to 8 hours after you breathe in mold. Symptoms include: Dry irritating cough Fever and chills Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath Sudden feeling that you're sick A sub-acute attack is less intense and comes on more slowly than an acute attack. Lung biopsy: If your doctor thinks you might have farmer's lung but can't be sure, he may want to take a sample of your lung tissue and send it to a lab for tests.


Question: What is chronic farmer's lung?

Answer: Symptoms include: Achy muscles and joints Coughing Mild fever with some chills No appetite Shortness of breath Weight loss You may mistake acute or sub-acute farmer's lung for the flu, because many of the symptoms are the same. Symptoms include: Cough that won't go away Depression General aches and pains Night sweats No appetite and gradual weight loss Occasional fever Shortness of breath that gets worse over time Weakness and loss of energy Most people with acute or subacute farmer's lung get better; only a small percentage of people develop chronic farmer's lung. Your lungs then try to get rid of the dust, and your symptoms start when your immune system reacts to that.


Question: What are symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer: Most women in the early stages of cervical cancer don't have any symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you might notice: Abnormal bleeding (between periods, after sex, or after menopause) Heavier than normal periods Pain during sex Unusual vaginal discharge that might contain blood These symptoms do not necessarily mean you have cancer.


Question: What should you expect in a screening test for cervical cancer?

Answer: It's quick and painless. You lie on an exam table and your doctor will use a speculum to keep your vagina open. It also lets her see your cervix. Next, she'll use a small brush to swab some cells from your cervix. The cells are sent a lab where they're checked for signs of cancer. That's why Pap and HPV screening tests are so important. If you have an abnormal Pap test and other symptoms of cervical cancer, your gynecologist will want find out more about your medical history and your family's.


Question: What do different stages of cervical cancer mean?

Answer: After all of the tests results are back, your doctor will use them to determine if and how far your cancer has spread, which will show them what stage it is in. Staging classifies the cancer by how much is in your body and where it has spread when it's diagnosed. Knowing the stage can help your medical team plan the right treatment for you. Stages of cervical cancer are: Stage 0. Cancer is only on the surface of the cervix and have not grown into deeper tissues. Stage I. The cancer has grown into the cervix and may be growing into the body of the uterus. It may also have spread to nearby lymph nodes but has not spread distantly. Stage II. The cancer has spread outside of the cervix and uterus. It may have reached the upper part of the vagina. The cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina or the walls of the pelvis. The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, like the bladder, rectum, lungs, liver, or distant lymph nodes.


Question: How is a colposcopy used to diagnose cervical cancer?

Answer: You'll lie on an exam table and she'll use a speculum to keep your vagina open. Next she'll rub a solution of acetic acid (similar to vinegar) on your cervix. This liquid helps her see any abnormal cells. It might burn a little. Your doctor might use an MRI to get very detailed images of inside your body.


Question: Who needs to be screened for cervical cancer?

Answer: It can be scary to learn that you have cancer. The most important step to find precancerous cervical cells is getting screened. Tests can pick up changes in cervical cells before they become cancer. Most women ages 21 to 65 need to be screened for cervical cancer with a Pap test every 3 years. If you have an abnormal Pap test and other symptoms of cervical cancer, your gynecologist will want find out more about your medical history and your family's.


Question: How often should women be screened for cervical cancer?

Answer: It can be scary to learn that you have cancer. Most women ages 21 to 65 need to be screened for cervical cancer with a Pap test every 3 years. If you have an abnormal Pap test and other symptoms of cervical cancer, your gynecologist will want find out more about your medical history and your family's.


Question: Will my cancer stage change?

Answer: This powerful X-ray can show your doctor if your cancer has spread to your lymph nodes, liver, lungs, or other parts of your body. Staging classifies the cancer by how much is in your body and where it has spread when it's diagnosed.


Question: What causes adhesions?

Answer: The tissue develops when the body's repair mechanisms respond to any tissue disturbance, such as surgery, infection, trauma, or radiation. This normal response can occur after surgery, infection, trauma, or radiation. Repair cells within the body cannot tell the difference between one organ and another. If an organ undergoes repair and comes into contact with another part of itself, or another organ, scar tissue may form to connect the 2 surfaces.


Question: What surgeries help treat adhesions?

Answer: Abdominal adhesions: Abdominal adhesions are a common complication of surgery, occurring in up to 93% of people who undergo abdominal or pelvic surgery. With laparoscopy, a doctor places a camera into your body through a small hole in the skin to confirm that adhesions exist. The adhesions then are cut and released (adhesiolysis). In laparotomy, a doctor makes a larger incision to directly see adhesions and treat them. The technique varies depending on specific circumstances.


Question: What can you do if you tend to forget?

Answer: Play word games or do crossword puzzles. Just because you lose your keys or forget someone's name doesn't mean you have Alzheimer's. You could have memory loss due to the normal aging process. Cause for concern: You find yourself in a place and don't know how you got there. Normal: You have age-related vision changes.


Question: What medications can help with treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer: The first step is to see your doctor. Your doctor may have you try clomipramine ( Anafranil), fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft), or another antidepressant, depending on your age, health, and symptoms. It can take a couple of months for OCD drugs to start to work. They also can give you side effects, like dry mouth, nausea, and thoughts of suicide. Call your doctor or 911 right away if you have thoughts about killing yourself.


Question: What are treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer: An exam will show if your symptoms are the result of a physical issue. If they're not, your doctor can recommend a mental illness specialist, like a psychologist, psychiatrist, or social worker, who can create a plan for you. For many people, combining talk therapy and medication works best. OCD has a cycle: obsessions, anxiety, compulsions, and relief. CBT, a type of psychotherapy, gives you tools to think, act, and react to your unhealthy thoughts and habits. Your treatment goals for OCD are to retrain you brain and to control your symptoms with the least amount of medication possible.


Question: What's the best diet to follow after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: It will help you heal and get your strength back. Eat low-fat protein, such as roasted chicken and baked fish, rather than steak, sausages, or other high-fat meats. Avoid processed meats linked to cancer. These include bacon, bologna, hot dogs, ham, and smoked meats. Choose whole-grain bread and brown rice, rather than white bread and white rice. Cut back on alcohol. Limit yourself to one drink a day if you're a woman or two if you're a man.


Question: Which exercises are safe to do after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: This is one type of antioxidant. Or use a stationary bike so you can sit upright without leaning on your arms. Other exercises that don't require you to put weight on your arms include tai chi, qigong, and gentle yoga. Later, add more vigorous exercise that uses your arms more. You might opt to run, swim, cycle, hike, do more intense yoga, and other aerobic exercises.


Question: Why are phytochemicals necessary after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: These are nutrients similar to the estrogen in your body. Being overweight is linked to breast cancer coming back.


Question: Which exercises are unsafe to do after breast cancer surgery if you have lymphedema?

Answer: Nausea and vomiting are common after surgery, and you're even more likely to have these symptoms if you've also had chemotherapy or radiation. This is one type of antioxidant. If you had a lumpectomy to remove a breast lump, or surgery to remove part of your breast (a partial mastectomy), you can get back to exercise fairly quickly with your doctor's OK. If you had surgery to remove the lymph nodes under your arm, you're at higher risk of swelling of the arm, called lymphedema. You'll need to protect your arm from injury, so you may need to avoid things like tennis, running, and some styles of yoga for some time. If you choose to have breast reconstruction, you may have several surgeries ahead of you. That may mean you'll have to put off exercise for longer.


Question: Are migraine remissions possible?

Answer: Doctors don't fully understand what causes migraines, so there's no step-by-step plan to make them stop. But it is possible to go into remission (stop having migraines). If you have them at least 15 days a month, you have chronic migraine. Your reaction to touch: Some people who get migraines become so sensitive to touch during an attack that feeling their clothing against their skin or someone lightly brushing against their shoulder is uncomfortable or even painful.


Question: Can drugs for migraines lead to remission?

Answer: Doctors don't know why some people with migraines go into remission. So they can be useful in helping control migraines, even if they don't stop them. In the future, researchers may study whether any drugs can help lower the number of monthly attacks to the point of remission.


Question: What are the symptoms of heart failure?

Answer: Symptoms of heart failure include: Shortness of breath Swelling in the feet, ankles, or abdomen Difficulty sleeping flat in bed Bloating Irregular pulse Nausea Fatigue Greater need to urinate at night High blood pressure can also cause ischemic heart disease.


Question: Can high blood pressure bring on heart failure?

Answer: High blood pressure may also bring on heart failure by causing left ventricular hypertrophy, a thickening of the heart muscle that results in less effective muscle relaxation between heart beats. This makes it difficult for the heart to fill with enough blood to supply the body's organs, especially during exercise, leading your body to hold onto fluids and your heart rate to increase.


Question: What tests are used to help diagnose hypertensive heart disease?

Answer: Your doctor will look for certain signs of hypertensive heart disease, including: High blood pressure Enlarged heart and irregular heartbeat Fluid in the lungs or lower extremities Unusual heart sounds Your doctor may perform tests to determine if you have hypertensive heart disease, including an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac stress test, chest X-ray, and coronary angiogram.


Question: What is hypertensive heart disease?

Answer: It refers to a group of disorders that includes heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy (excessive thickening of the heart muscle).


Question: What are the symptoms of ischemic heart disease?

Answer: Symptoms of ischemic heart disease may include: Chest pain which may radiate (travel) to the arms, back, neck, or jaw Chest pain with nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, and dizziness; these associated symptoms may also occur without chest pain Irregular pulse Fatigue and weakness Any of these symptoms of ischemic heart disease warrant immediate medical evaluation.


Question: How is hypertensive heart disease treated?

Answer: Hypertensive heart disease is the No. He or she will treat it with a variety of drugs, including diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and vasodilators.


Question: How do new gum disease treatments lead to a better dental health?

Answer: When the supporting tissue and bone around your teeth doesn't fit snugly, "pockets" form in the gums. Bacteria then invade these pockets, increasing bone destruction and tooth loss. A variety of treatments can help reverse the damage. They range from cleaning the root surfaces to remove plaque and tartar to more extreme measures such as gum surgery to reduce the pockets. In recent years, the focus of gum disease treatment has expanded beyond reducing the pockets and removing the bacteria to include regenerative procedures. For instance, lasers, membranes, bone grafts, or proteins that stimulate tissue growth can be used to help regenerate bone and tissue to combat the gum disease.


Question: How does computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology benefit my dental health?

Answer: The CAD in this technology stands for âcomputer-assisted design,â and the CAM for âcomputer-assisted manufacture.â Together, they translate into fewer dental visits to complete procedures such as crowns and bridges. Traditionally when a patient needs a crown, a dentist must make a mold of the tooth and fashion a temporary crown, then wait for the dental laboratory to make a permanent one. With CAD/ CAM technology, the tooth is drilled to prepare it for the crown and a picture is taken with a computer. This image is then relayed to a machine that makes the crown right in the office.


Question: How can thinner veneers improve my dental health?

Answer: Veneers are the thin, custom-made shells or moldings that are used to cover the front of crooked or otherwise unattractive teeth. New materials now make it possible to create even thinner veneers that are just as strong. What's the advantage for you? Preparing a tooth for a veneer - which involves reshaping the tooth to allow for the added thickness of the veneer -- can be minimal with the thinner veneers. Less of the tooth surface must be reduced and more of the natural tooth is kept intact.


Question: How can the diode laser help my dental health?

Answer: That's the instrument they poke around with in your mouth during a checkup. When it "sticks" in a tooth, they look closer to see if they find decay. Many dentists are now switching to the diode laser, a higher-tech option for detecting tooth decay. When healthy teeth are exposed to the wavelength of the diode laser, they don't glow or fluoresce, so the reading on the digital display is low. The diode laser doesn't always work with teeth that already have fillings, but for other teeth, it could mean earlier detection of cavities. Note also that the diode laser does not replace X-rays; it detects decay in grooves on the chewing surface, while bitewing X-rays can find decay between and inside teeth.


Question: How does a digital dental X-ray work?

Answer: In many dental offices, digitized X-rays (think digital camera) are replacing traditional radiographs. First, an electronic sensor or phosphor plate (instead of film) is placed in the patient's mouth to capture the image. The digital image is then relayed or scanned to a computer, where it is available for viewing. The procedure is much faster than processing conventional film. Your dentist can also store digital images on the computer and compare them with previous or future images to see how your dental health is being maintained. And because the sensor and phosphor plates are more sensitive to X-rays than film is, the radiation dose is significantly reduced.


Question: How do atypical antipsychotics treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Conventional antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Oxilapine) Perphenazine ( Trilafon), Thioridazine ( Mellaril), Thiothixene ( Navane) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Atypical antipsychotics: These newer drugs appear to be help treat the symptoms of delusional disorder with fewer movement-related side effects than the older typical antipsychotics. They work by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Serotonin is another neurotransmitter believed to be involved in delusional disorder. These drugs include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Aripiprazole Lauroxil ( Aristada) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna) Paliperidone Palmitate ( Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel), Risperidone ( Risperdal), Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Other medications: Sedatives and antidepressants might also be used to treat anxiety or mood symptoms if they happen with delusional disorder.


Question: How can you recover from delusional disorder?

Answer: Delusional disorder is typically a chronic (ongoing) condition, but when properly treated, many people can find relief from their symptoms. Some recover completely, while others have bouts of delusional beliefs with periods of remission (lack of symptoms). Unfortunately, many people with this disorder don't seek help. It's often hard for people with a mental disorder to know they aren't well. Or they may credit their symptoms to other things, like the environment. They also might be too embarrassed or afraid to seek treatment. Without treatment, delusional disorder can be a lifelong illness.


Question: What other medications might doctors use to treat delusional disorder?

Answer: These drugs include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Aripiprazole Lauroxil ( Aristada) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna) Paliperidone Palmitate ( Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel), Risperidone ( Risperdal), Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Other medications: Sedatives and antidepressants might also be used to treat anxiety or mood symptoms if they happen with delusional disorder. Tranquilizers might be used if the person has a very high level of anxiety or problems sleeping. Antidepressants might be used to treat depression, which often happens in people with delusional disorder Psychotherapy can also be helpful, along with medications, as a way to help people better manage and cope with the stresses related to their delusional beliefs and its impact on their lives.


Question: Can delusional disorder be prevented?

Answer: There's no known way to prevent delusional disorder. But early diagnosis and treatment can help lessen the disruption to the person's life, family, and friendships.


Question: What are people with delusional disorder like?

Answer: People with delusional disorder often can continue to socialize and function normally, apart from the subject of their delusion, and generally do not behave in an obviously odd or bizarre manner. This is unlike people with other psychotic disorders, who also might have delusions as a symptom of their disorder. But in some cases, people with delusional disorder might become so preoccupied with their delusions that their lives are disrupted.


Question: What is the outlook for people with delusional disorder?

Answer: It varies, depending on the person, the type of delusional disorder, and the person's life circumstances, including the presence of support and a willingness to stick with treatment.


Question: How do doctors diagnose delusional disorder?

Answer: If you have symptoms of delusional disorder, your doctor will likely give you a complete medical history and physical exam. Although there are no lab tests to specifically diagnose delusional disorder, the doctor might use diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, to rule out physical illness as the cause of the symptoms.


Question: How do doctors treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Treatment most often includes medication and psychotherapy (a type of counseling). Delusional disorder can be very difficult to treat, in part because those who have it often have poor insight and do not know there's a psychiatric problem. Studies show that close to half of patients treated with antipsychotic medications show at least partial improvement.


Question: What is erotomanic delusional disorder?

Answer: The types are based on the main theme of the delusion: Erotomanic: The person believes someone is in love with them and might try to contact that person. Often it's someone important or famous. This can lead to stalking behavior.


Question: How common is delusional disorder?

Answer: Although delusions might be a symptom of more common disorders, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder itself is rather rare. Delusional disorder most often happens in middle to late life and is slightly more common in women than in men.


Question: What is somatic delusional disorder?

Answer: Somatic: They believe they have a physical defect or medical problem.


Question: What does delusional disorder involve?

Answer: These delusions usually involve mistaken perceptions or experiences. But in reality, the situations are either not true at all or highly exaggerated. A bizarre delusion, by contrast, is something that could never happen in real life, such as being cloned by aliens or having your thoughts broadcast on TV.


Question: What psychotherapies may help treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapies that may be helpful in delusional disorder include: Individual psychotherapy can help the person recognize and correct the thinking that has become distorted. Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) can help the person learn to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings. Family therapy can help families deal with a loved one who has delusional disorder, enabling them help the person.


Question: How do doctors diagnose delusional disorder if there is no physical reason for the symptoms?

Answer: These include: Alzheimer's disease Epilepsy Obsessive-compulsive disorder Delirium Other schizophrenia spectrum disorders If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They'll use interview and assessment tools to evaluate the person for a psychotic disorder. The doctor or therapist bases the diagnosis on the person's symptoms and their own observation of the person's attitude and behavior. They'll decide if the symptoms point to a disorder. A diagnosis of delusional disorder is made if: The person has one or more delusions that last a month or longer.


Question: What is jealous delusional disorder?

Answer: Jealous: A person with this type believes their spouse or sexual partner is unfaithful.


Question: Do you need to be hospitalized if you have delusional disorder?

Answer: People with severe symptoms or who are at risk of hurting themselves or others might need to be hospitalized until the condition is stabilized.


Question: What are some environmental or psychological triggers for delusional disorder?

Answer: Environmental/psychological: Evidence suggests that stress can trigger delusional disorder. Alcohol and drug abuse also might contribute to it. People who tend to be isolated, such as immigrants or those with poor sight and hearing, appear to be more likely to have delusional disorder.


Question: How does biology determine the development of delusional disorder?

Answer: Biological: Researchers are studying how delusional disorders might happen when parts of the brain aren't normal. Abnormal brain regions that control perception and thinking may be linked to the delusional symptoms.


Question: How do conventional antipsychotics treat delusional disorder?

Answer: The primary medications used to attempt to treat delusional disorder are called antipsychotics. Drugs used include: Conventional antipsychotics: Also called neuroleptics, these have been used to treat mental disorders since the mid-1950s. They work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter believed to be involved in the development of delusions. Conventional antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Oxilapine) Perphenazine ( Trilafon), Thioridazine ( Mellaril), Thiothixene ( Navane) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Atypical antipsychotics: These newer drugs appear to be help treat the symptoms of delusional disorder with fewer movement-related side effects than the older typical antipsychotics.


Question: Is delusional disorder hereditary?

Answer: Genetic: The fact that delusional disorder is more common in people who have family members with delusional disorder or schizophrenia suggests genes may be involved. It is believed that, as with other mental disorders, a tendency to have delusional disorder might be passed on from parents to their children.


Question: What is mixed delusional disorder?

Answer: Mixed: These people have two or more of the types of delusions listed above.


Question: What is persecutory delusional disorder?

Answer: Persecutory: Someone who has this believes they (or someone close to them) are being mistreated, or that someone is spying on them or planning to harm them. They might make repeated complaints to legal authorities.


Question: What is grandiose delusional disorder?

Answer: Grandiose: This person has an over-inflated sense of worth, power, knowledge, or identity. They could believe they have a great talent or made an important discovery.


Question: What medicines do doctors use to treat delusional disorder?

Answer: The primary medications used to attempt to treat delusional disorder are called antipsychotics. Antidepressants might be used to treat depression, which often happens in people with delusional disorder Psychotherapy can also be helpful, along with medications, as a way to help people better manage and cope with the stresses related to their delusional beliefs and its impact on their lives. Psychotherapies that may be helpful in delusional disorder include: Individual psychotherapy can help the person recognize and correct the thinking that has become distorted.


Question: What causes delusional disorder?

Answer: This is unlike people with other psychotic disorders, who also might have delusions as a symptom of their disorder. But researchers are looking at the role of genetic, biological, environmental, or psychological factors that make it more likely.


Question: What is delusional disorder?

Answer: Delusional disorder, previously called paranoid disorder, is a type of serious mental illness called a psychotic disorder. They're unshakable beliefs in something that isn't true or based on reality. Delusional disorder involves delusions that aren't bizarre, having to do with situations that could happen in real life, like being followed, poisoned, deceived, conspired against, or loved from a distance.


Question: What are treatment options for osteoporosis spine fractures?

Answer: Treating a hip fracture depends on where your hip is broken, how severe the break is, and your overall health. Treatment options may include: Surgical repair with screws, nails, or plates A partial or total hip replacement Exercises so that you move better and build strength The best treatment depends on the location of the break.


Question: What are prescription options to treat guttate psoriasis?

Answer: There are several over-the-counter or prescription options for the itchy, flaky skin, as well as the dryness and swelling. They include: Cortisone cream for itching and swelling Dandruff shampoo for your scalp Lotions with coal tar to soothe your skin Moisturizers Prescription medicines with or vitamin AIf your case is more serious, your doctor may give you a prescription to take by mouth.


Question: What causes guttate psoriasis?

Answer: An outbreak is usually triggered by a bacterial infection -- typically streptococcus (strep throat). It sets off an immune system reaction that causes the spots on your skin. In some cases, guttate psoriasis is genetic. If someone in your family has it, your chances of getting it go up.


Question: What may your doctor prescribe to treat guttate psoriasis?

Answer: Your symptoms may clear up more quickly in summer. They include: Cortisone cream for itching and swelling Dandruff shampoo for your scalp Lotions with coal tar to soothe your skin Moisturizers Prescription medicines with or vitamin AIf your case is more serious, your doctor may give you a prescription to take by mouth. These include: Corticosteroids Methotrexate Apremilast ( Otezla) Phototherapy. Also known as light therapy, this is another option. Sometimes, just going out into the sunshine can help.


Question: What can the timing of nausea or vomiting tell you?

Answer: Nausea or vomiting one to eight hours after a meal may also indicate food poisoning. However, certain food- borne bacteria, such as salmonella, can take longer to produce symptoms.


Question: How do I prevent vomiting once I feel nauseated?

Answer: When you begin to feel nauseated, you may be able to prevent vomiting by: Drinking small amounts of clear, sweetened liquids such as soda or fruit juices (except orange and grapefruit juices, because these are too acidic) Resting either in a sitting position or in a propped lying position; activity may worsen nausea and may lead to vomiting. To prevent nausea and vomiting in children: To treat motion sickness in a car, seat your child so he or she faces the front windshield (watching fast movement out the side windows can make the nausea worse). Also, reading or playing video games in the car could cause motion sickness. Don't let kids eat and play at the same time.


Question: When should I seek immediate care if I'm vomiting?

Answer: You should seek immediate medical care if any of the following situations occur with vomiting: There is blood in the vomit (bright red or "coffee grounds" in appearance) Severe headache or stiff neck Lethargy, confusion, or a decreased alertness Severe abdominal pain Diarrhea Rapid breathing or pulse Treatment for vomiting (regardless of age or cause) includes: Drinking gradually larger amounts of clear liquids Avoiding solid food until the vomiting episode has passed If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, an oral rehydrating solution such as Pedialyte should be used to prevent and treat dehydration.


Question: What causes vomiting in children?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but they are symptoms of many conditions such as: Motion sickness or seasickness Early stages of pregnancy (nausea occurs in approximately 50%-90% of all pregnancies; vomiting in 25%-55%) Medication-induced vomiting Intense pain Emotional stress (such as fear) Gallbladder disease Food poisoning Infections (such as the "stomach flu") Overeating A reaction to certain smells or odors Heart attack Concussion or brain injury Brain tumor Ulcers Some forms of cancer Bulimia or other psychological illnesses Gastroparesis or slow stomach emptying (a condition that can be seen in people with diabetes) Ingestion of toxins or excessive amounts of alcohol Bowel obstruction Appendicitis The causes of vomiting differ according to age. For children, it is common for vomiting to occur from a viral infection, food poisoning, milk allergy, motion sickness, overeating or feeding, coughing, or blocked intestines and illnesses in which the child has a high fever.


Question: What can happen if you vomit while pregnant?

Answer: Recurrent vomiting in pregnancy can lead to a serious condition called hyperemesis gravidarum in which the mother may develop fluid and mineral imbalances that can endanger her life or that of her unborn child.


Question: When should you call the doctor about nausea and vomiting?

Answer: Call a doctor about nausea and vomiting: If the nausea lasts for more than a few days or if there is a possibility of being pregnant If home treatment is not working, dehydration is present, or a known injury has occurred (such as head injury or infection) that may be causing the vomiting Adults should consult a doctor if vomiting occurs for more than one day, diarrhea and vomiting last more than 24 hours, or there are signs of dehydration. Take an infant or child under six years to the doctor if vomiting lasts more than a few hours, diarrhea is present, signs of dehydration occur, there is a fever, or if the child hasn't urinated for 4-6 hours. Take a child over age six years to the doctor if vomiting lasts one day, diarrhea combined with vomiting lasts for more than 24 hours, there are any signs of dehydration, there is a fever higher than 101 degrees, or the child hasn't urinated for six hours.


Question: What causes nausea or vomiting?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but they are symptoms of many conditions such as: Motion sickness or seasickness Early stages of pregnancy (nausea occurs in approximately 50%-90% of all pregnancies; vomiting in 25%-55%) Medication-induced vomiting Intense pain Emotional stress (such as fear) Gallbladder disease Food poisoning Infections (such as the "stomach flu") Overeating A reaction to certain smells or odors Heart attack Concussion or brain injury Brain tumor Ulcers Some forms of cancer Bulimia or other psychological illnesses Gastroparesis or slow stomach emptying (a condition that can be seen in people with diabetes) Ingestion of toxins or excessive amounts of alcohol Bowel obstruction Appendicitis The causes of vomiting differ according to age.


Question: How can I get dehydration from vomiting?

Answer: Adults have a lower risk of becoming dehydrated, because they can usually detect the symptoms of dehydration (such as increased thirst and dry lips or mouth). But young children have a greater risk of becoming dehydrated, especially if they also have diarrhea, because they often are unable to communicate symptoms of dehydration. Adults caring for sick children need to be aware of these visible signs of dehydration: dry lips and mouth, sunken eyes, and rapid breathing or pulse. In infants, also watch for decreased urination and a sunken fontanelle (soft spot on top of the baby's head).


Question: Can vomiting cause bodily injury?

Answer: The timing of the nausea or vomiting can indicate the cause. If the esophagus is ruptured, this is called Boerhaave's syndrome, and is a medical emergency.


Question: Is vomiting harmful?

Answer: Some examples of serious conditions that may result in nausea or vomiting include concussions, meningitis (infection of the membrane linings of the brain), intestinal blockage, appendicitis, and brain tumors. Call a doctor about nausea and vomiting: If the nausea lasts for more than a few days or if there is a possibility of being pregnant If home treatment is not working, dehydration is present, or a known injury has occurred (such as head injury or infection) that may be causing the vomiting Adults should consult a doctor if vomiting occurs for more than one day, diarrhea and vomiting last more than 24 hours, or there are signs of dehydration.


Question: How can I remember my health info if I have to travel with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Write out a brief medical history and list of medications you take. Include contact information for your primary care doctor and rheumatologist, as well as your health insurance information.


Question: How can I choose the right suitcase if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Buy a suitcase or bag with wheels, and push instead of pulling it. Use both hands to take it easy on your hands and shoulders.


Question: Should I bring a doctor's note if I'm flying with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you use medications that require needles, bring a doctor's note or prescription in case you're asked about them at airport security.


Question: Should I look for amenities where I stay if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you use a cane, you can take it on board with you.


Question: Should I avoid stops if I'm flying with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When possible, choose nonstop flights. That way you won't have to walk long distances through unfamiliar airports.


Question: Should I pick my room location if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you make hotel reservations, look for a room on or near the main level so you can skip the stairs.


Question: Should I pack light if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your bags will be easier to carry. If you find that you must lift your suitcase -- into your car trunk or the overhead bin on a plane, for example -- find someone who can help.


Question: Should I move around while I'm traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Sitting for hours in a car, plane, bus, or train can lead to stiff joints. When driving, stop once an hour to stretch and walk. When you fly, take a train, or ride a bus, try to get an aisle seat so you can stretch and get up and walk.


Question: Should I time my traveling right if I have rheumatoid arthritis

Answer: Try to plan an extra day at the start of your vacation to prepare and another at the end to rest and recover before you go back to work or regular activities. When possible, choose nonstop flights.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your weight?

Answer: Some types of chemo can make you put on extra pounds. You may find that the weight stays on even when your treatment ends. For instance, some drugs that treat breast cancer can cause you to lose muscle and gain fat, which makes it much more difficult to get the weight off. Work with a dietitian or nutritionist and add strength training exercises to your workout routine to help you shed some pounds.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your fertility?

Answer: For guys, the reason has to do with the way chemo drugs target fast-growing cancer cells. Since healthy sperm cells divide quickly, chemo can also damage them. If chemo kills the immature stem cells in your testicles that become new sperm, you may become infertile, which means you can't have children. If you're a woman, chemotherapy can damage your eggs and harm your ovaries. You may stop having regular menstrual cycles after treatment. Many women who have chemo go through menopause at an earlier age than usual. For both men and women, chemotherapy's effect on fertility depends on a number of things, including the type of drugs you used and the dose. The higher the dose of chemo, the more likely it is to have an impact. If you're having long-term effects from chemo, talk to your doctor to get tips on how to manage them. And reach out to your friends and family to get the support you need.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your heart?

Answer: Certain chemo drugs can damage cells in your heart. Chemotherapy may also increase your odds of having heart problems, such as: Weakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) Problems with your heart rhythm (arrhythmia) Heart attack If your doctor plans to give you a medication that could affect your heart, he may ask you to get tests that monitor how well your ticker works.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your weight after treatment?

Answer: Some types of chemo can make you put on extra pounds. You may find that the weight stays on even when your treatment ends. For instance, some drugs that treat breast cancer can cause you to lose muscle and gain fat, which makes it much more difficult to get the weight off. Work with a dietitian or nutritionist and add strength training exercises to your workout routine to help you shed some pounds.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your heart after treatment?

Answer: Certain chemo drugs can damage cells in your heart. Chemotherapy may also increase your odds of having heart problems, such as: Weakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) Problems with your heart rhythm (arrhythmia) Heart attack If your doctor plans to give you a medication that could affect your heart, he may ask you to get tests that monitor how well your ticker works.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your brain after treatment?

Answer: If you feel a little foggy when your treatment is done, you might have a touch of chemo brain. You may notice that you find it hard time to concentrate or remember names and dates. You may also forget things easily or have trouble doing more than one thing at a time. Doctors aren't sure of the exact cause of chemo brain. It seems more likely to happen if you had higher doses of chemotherapy.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your hair?

Answer: If you lost some or all of your hair after chemo, it will typically start to grow back in a month or two. Over time, as the effects of the chemo on your hair follicles wear off, your hair will probably go back to the way it was before treatment. In rare cases, such as after years of strong chemotherapy, your hair follicles could shut down. This can prevent new hair from growing, and you may become permanently bald.


Question: How can chemotherapy affect your energy?

Answer: You may find that the weight stays on even when your treatment ends. You probably remember the fatigue that hit you while you were getting chemo. If you're having long-term effects from chemo, talk to your doctor to get tips on how to manage them.


Question: How long do side effects of chemotherapy last?

Answer: But others can linger for months or years, or may never completely go away. Watch out for signs of chemo's long-term changes, and let your doctor know how you feel. He can suggest ways to manage your symptoms. You may stop having regular menstrual cycles after treatment.


Question: What are weight loss tips from people who have lost a lot of weight?

Answer: For more inspiration, consider some of the key findings from more than 10,000 people who have lost at least 30 pounds and kept it off for at least a year. They shared their strategies with the National Weight Control Registry, which posted them on its web site: 78% eat breakfast every day.


Question: When should you get medical help for a wound?

Answer: Seek medical attention right away if: The wound is on a child under a year old Bleeding is severe or doesn't stop with gentle pressure Your wound has jagged edges The cut is deep, gaping, or across a joint The wound was caused by a dirty object or was the result of a projectile or something impaling the skin The wound was caused by a human or animal bite The wound happened on the face or genital area Stitches are usually needed for cuts longer than ½ inch.


Question: How should I clean a wound?

Answer: Do this before you touch your wound or treat someone else's burn, cut, or scrape. You don't need hydrogen peroxide or iodine products to thoroughly clean a simple cut or scrape. Just follow these steps: Rinse the wound in clear water to loosen and remove dirt and debris. Use a soft washcloth and mild soap to clean around the wound. Don't place soap in the wound. Use tweezers to remove any dirt or debris that still appears after washing. Clean the tweezers first with isopropyl alcohol. If the wound can't be cleaned, call a doctor.


Question: What do I need to know about thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. Platelets help your blood clot, which stops bleeding. For most people, it's not a big problem. But if you have a severe form, you can bleed spontaneously in your eyes, gums, or bladder or bleed too much when you're injured. A healthy person usually has a platelet count of 150,000 to 400,000. You have thrombocytopenia if your number falls under 150,000.


Question: What are infections that can cause fewer platelets leading to thrombocytopenia?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. If your thrombocytopenia is not due to ITP, your body might have fewer platelets because of these causes: Viral infections (including chickenpox, parvovirus, hepatitis C, Epstein- Barr, and HIV) Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia Sepsis, a severe bacterial infection in your blood Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori), a bacteria that can live in your digestive system Medicines Medication side effects, including drugs for heart problems, seizures, and infections Heparin, a blood thinner used to prevent blood clots Chemotherapy Work with your doctor to figure out if a drug is causing your platelet count to drop.


Question: What are the side effects of rituximab while treating thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Answer: One of the most common causes of low platelets is a condition called immune thrombocytopenia ( ITP). Side effects for rituximab include: Fever Chills Weakness Nausea Headaches Weakened immune system Rho( D) immune globulin.


Question: What is rituximab (rituxan) and how can it help in treating thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Answer: Thrombocytopenia has many causes. This measures the amount of your red and white blood cells and platelets. Rituximab ( Rituxan). It's sometimes used if you have severe ITP despite treatment with steroids and you aren't able to have surgery to remove your spleen. Your doctor may also suggest it if you've had your spleen removed but you still have low platelet counts.


Question: What are the questions my doctor might ask to help diagnose thrombocytopenia?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. Thrombocytopenia is often found by chance when your doctor does a routine blood test. They might ask you: What symptoms (including bleeding) have you noticed? When did you first see them? Does anything make them better? Or worse? What medications and supplements are you taking? Have you had any shots in the last month, a blood transfusion, or used drugs with a needle? Does anyone in your family have a problem with their immune system, bleeding, or bruising? What have you eaten recently?


Question: What tests can diagnose thrombocytopenia?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. This measures the amount of your red and white blood cells and platelets. Blood smear. This shows how your platelets look under a microscope. Bone marrow test. Your doctor uses a very fine needle to draw a small amount of liquid bone marrow and check it for cells that may not be working right. Or you may get a biopsy, using a different kind of needle, so your doctor can check the types and numbers of cells in the bone marrow.


Question: What are treatments my doctor will likely suggest for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. Your doctor will likely suggest these treatments for ITP first: Corticosteroids. Dexamethasone or prednisone is typically prescribed to raise your platelet count. If you can't get your platelet count up with prednisone, if you cannot tolerate steroids, or if your count drops after you're done with your treatment, your doctor may suggest IVIG. That's the organ that destroys your platelets, so taking it out can give your platelet count a boost. This drug is a type of treatment known as biologic therapy. Side effects for rituximab include: Fever Chills Weakness Nausea Headaches Weakened immune system Rho( D) immune globulin.


Question: What is a Rho(D) immune globulin and how does it treat thrombocytopenia?

Answer: The advantage of IVIG is that it can raise your platelet count quickly. This treatment, which you also take through an IV, is an alternative to traditional IVIG in people who have Rh+ blood.


Question: What medical conditions can cause thrombocytopenia?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. Other Treatments Heart bypass surgery Radiation treatment on your bone marrow Medical Conditions Blood cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma A problem with your bone marrow, like toxicity from drinking too much alcohol Vitamin B12 or folate (vitamin B9) deficiency Pregnancy. Up to 5% of healthy women get it during pregnancy, and it usually gets better on its own after your baby is born. But it can also be a sign of something more concerning, like preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome. An enlarged spleen Your body uses too many platelets, leaving you without enough of them. That can happen if you have an autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Rare disorders like hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( TTP), which uses a lot of platelets to make small blood clots throughout your body Usually, thrombocytopenia has no symptoms.


Question: What are some side effects of prednisone to treat thrombocytopenia?

Answer: Dexamethasone or prednisone is typically prescribed to raise your platelet count. Even after a short time, you can get irritable, have stomach upsets, and have other problems such as: Sleep problems Weight gain Puffy cheeks Peeing a lot Lower bone density Acne Besides side effects, another disadvantage to prednisone is that your platelet count may drop once you've finished your treatment.


Question: What are medicines that can cause fewer platelets leading to thrombocytopenia?

Answer: If you have thrombocytopenia, you don't have enough platelets in your blood. If your thrombocytopenia is not due to ITP, your body might have fewer platelets because of these causes: Viral infections (including chickenpox, parvovirus, hepatitis C, Epstein- Barr, and HIV) Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia Sepsis, a severe bacterial infection in your blood Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori), a bacteria that can live in your digestive system Medicines Medication side effects, including drugs for heart problems, seizures, and infections Heparin, a blood thinner used to prevent blood clots Chemotherapy Work with your doctor to figure out if a drug is causing your platelet count to drop.


Question: Can prescription drugs lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Prescription drugs : There are more than 200 prescription drugs that can cause erectile dysfunction. Speak with your doctor if you think one of your medications may be causing this in you.


Question: Can prostate enlargement lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Prostate enlargement : It's a normal part of aging for many men.


Question: Why can tobacco, alcohol, or drug use lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Tobacco , alcohol, or drug use: All three can damage your blood vessels. If you have artery problems, smoking will make ED much more likely.


Question: What diseases can lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Sometimes, another disease will lead to ED, including the following: Diabetes: Nerves and blood vessels that aid in getting you ready for sex are damaged by this. Kidney disease : Along with the other issues associated with kidney disease, your hormones, blood flow to your penis, and your nervous system -- all vital for getting an erection -- are affected. Things like stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease disrupt vital signals. Blood vessel diseases: These can slow the flow of blood, making your body's preparation for sex difficult. Prostate enlargement : It's a normal part of aging for many men.


Question: What can lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: If all goes well, you're ready for sex. Stress, depression, anxiety, and alcohol use can often trigger it. In other cases, physical factors are the culprit. Venous leak: To keep an erection, the blood that flows into your penis has to stay a while.


Question: What physical problems can lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Blood then flows into your penis. Nerve and brain disorders: You can't get an erection without help from your nervous system. Other reasons for ED can include: Surgery: Nerves and tissue needed for an erection can be affected during procedures to treat prostate and bladder cancer. If it flows out too quickly, you'll lose your erection. Injury or disease can cause this. If you think you may have it, talk with your doctor and figure out the plan that's best for you.


Question: What is recovery like in an endometrial ablation?

Answer: It shouldn't take you long to heal from an ablation. Most women are back to their normal routine within a week. You may have some cramping and bleeding for a few days and a watery or bloody discharge for up to 3 weeks. It's also common to have nausea and an urge to pee for the first 24 hours. Your doctor will advise you not to have sex, use tampons, or douche for a few days. She may also put limits on your activity, like not lifting heavy things right away. If you need medicine for pain, ask your doctor which over-the-counter medicines are safe to take. Don't take aspirin. It could make you bleed more.


Question: What are common procedures in an endometrial ablation?

Answer: The most common are: Hydrothermal: Your doctor gently pumps fluid into your uterus, then heats it. After 10 minutes, this destroys your uterine lining. Balloon therapy: Your doctor guides a thin tube with a special balloon on the end into your uterus. Heated fluid fills the balloon, which then expands and breaks up the lining. High-energy radio waves: Your doctor puts electrical mesh into your uterus and expands it. Then energy and heat sent by strong radio waves damage the lining, which your doctor removes with suction. Freezing: A thin probe with a very cold tip freezes off the lining of your uterus. Your doctor may call this âcryoablation.â Microwave: A special wand applies microwave energy to your uterine lining, which destroys it. Electrical: Your doctor can use an electric current to destroy the lining of your uterus, but this method isn't as commonly used as the others.


Question: Who gets an endometrial ablation?

Answer: Endometrial ablation can put an end to heavy bleeding that gets in the way of your everyday life (maybe you need to change your tampon or pad every hour, or you bleed for more than a week). If your bleeding causes other health problems, like anemia, this procedure could also help.


Question: Who shouldn't get an endometrial ablation?

Answer: Still, endometrial ablation isn't right for everyone. If you're post-menopausal, you shouldn't have it done. It's also not a good idea if you have: Uterine, cervical, or endometrial cancer Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) A vaginal or cervical infection A weak wall to your uterus An infection of the uterus A scar from a Caesarean section An intrauterine device ( IUD) A disorder of the uterus or endometrium You also shouldn't have endometrial ablation if you're pregnant or want a baby in the future. It will make it harder for you to get pregnant.


Question: When should you call your doctor about endometrial ablation?

Answer: If you have any of these signs, call your doctor right away: Strong-smelling discharge from your vagina Fever Chills Intense cramping or stomach pain Heavy bleeding or bleeding that doesn't stop 2 days after your ablation Trouble peeing The results of endometrial ablation don't always last. After a few years, your periods may start to get heavier and longer again. If so, let your doctor know. You may need a different treatment.


Question: What happens in an endometrial ablation?

Answer: Still, endometrial ablation isn't right for everyone. Instead, she will insert very thin tools through your vagina to reach your uterus. The types will depend on what kind of ablation she does. It could make you bleed more.


Question: What is an endometrial ablation?

Answer: An endometrial ablation is a procedure your doctor might consider if you bleed between your menstrual periods, have a heavy flow, or have periods that last a long time. It can curb the bleeding or stop it totally. Heavy menstrual bleeding can have many causes. Changing hormones might be the reason. Or it could be fibroids and polyps growing in your uterus. Endometrial ablation removes the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus. In most cases, this stops you from having periods. If it doesn't completely stop your periods, your flow should at least return to normal or be very light. If you have any of these signs, call your doctor right away: Strong-smelling discharge from your vagina Fever Chills Intense cramping or stomach pain Heavy bleeding or bleeding that doesn't stop 2 days after your ablation Trouble peeing The results of endometrial ablation don't always last.


Question: What are the risks of an endometrial ablation?

Answer: The tools your doctor uses for your ablation could also create a hole in your uterus, cause burns, or harm nearby organs. But these problems don't happen very often. The chances that you'll get hurt during an endometrial ablation are low. If you have any of these signs, call your doctor right away: Strong-smelling discharge from your vagina Fever Chills Intense cramping or stomach pain Heavy bleeding or bleeding that doesn't stop 2 days after your ablation Trouble peeing The results of endometrial ablation don't always last.


Question: What can make you retain water?

Answer: They include: High blood pressure medication Pain relievers known as NSAIDs, including ibuprofen Antidepressants Chemotherapy medication Ask your doctor if your meds may be the problem.


Question: How do checkpoint inhibitors work?

Answer: They help the immune system tell if other cells are a normal part of your body and should be left alone or invaders that should be attacked. Cancer cells can trick your immune system by binding to the cells that are supposed to fight it. When that happens, the checkpoint signals your body not to attack. A checkpoint inhibitor stops these cells from binding. That way, your immune system recognizes and targets the cancer.


Question: How can immunotherapy drugs treat metastatic bladder cancer?

Answer: Your immune system is designed to fight infection and diseases, including cancer. But cancer cells can grow unchecked because they avoid your body's defenses. Immunotherapy drugs work by making cancer cells easier targets or by boosting the immune system to make it more effective against the disease.


Question: What checkpoint inhibitor drugs treat metastatic bladder cancer?

Answer: There are now several immunotherapy drugs used to treat metastatic bladder cancer. These drugs are called checkpoint inhibitors. The FDA has approved several checkpoint inhibitor drugs for advanced bladder cancer that has gotten worse during of after chemotherapy. These include: Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) Avelumab ( Bavencio) Durvalumab ( Imfinzi) Nivolumab ( Opdivo) Pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) These drugs are given every 2-3 weeks by infusion, which means through a tube (an IV) that goes into a vein.


Question: What prescription treatments are available for hot flashes?

Answer: Prescription treatments include: Low-dose depression drugs like fluoxetine ( Prozac, Rapiflux), paroxetine ( Paxil, Pexeva), or venlafaxine ( Effexor) Clonidine, a blood pressure medication Gabapentin, an anti-seizure drug Brisdelle, a paroxetine formula specifically for hot flashes Duavee, a conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene formula designed to treat hot flashes B complex vitamins, vitamin E, and ibuprofen may help, too.


Question: How can I treat hot flashes without a prescription?

Answer: Prescription treatments include: Low-dose depression drugs like fluoxetine ( Prozac, Rapiflux), paroxetine ( Paxil, Pexeva), or venlafaxine ( Effexor) Clonidine, a blood pressure medication Gabapentin, an anti-seizure drug Brisdelle, a paroxetine formula specifically for hot flashes Duavee, a conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene formula designed to treat hot flashes B complex vitamins, vitamin E, and ibuprofen may help, too.


Question: How can I manage my hot flashes?

Answer: Wear lightweight, looser-fitting clothes made with natural fibers such as cotton. Try deep, slow abdominal breathing (6 to 8 breaths per minute). Practice deep breathing for 15 minutes in the morning, 15 minutes in the evening, and when a hot flash starts. Exercise daily. Walking, swimming, bicycling, and dancing are all good choices. Plant estrogens, found in soy products, may have weak estrogen-like effects that could cut hot flashes. Doctors recommend you get your soy from foods like tofu and edamame rather than supplements. Some studies suggest black cohosh may be helpful for 6 months or less. Botanicals and herbs may have side effects or change how other medications work, so ask your doctor first. Some women can wait out hot flashes with no treatment. If HRT isn't right for you, other treatments may offer relief.


Question: What are eye-related symptoms of Graves' disease?

Answer: Graves' ophthalmopathy can cause a wide range of issues with your eyes. Some people might have a little redness and minor pain, while others have strong swelling, dryness, and more severe pain. It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. In rare cases, you can have double vision or other problems with your sight.


Question: How are eye problems related to Graves' disease diagnosed?

Answer: If you know you have Graves', your doctor should be able to find out if you have the eye problem with a standard eye exam. In some cases, you may need blood tests, or imaging tests like a computerized tomography ( CT) scan or a magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan. With a CT scan, X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to make a more complete picture. And an MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make detailed images. If you haven't been diagnosed with Graves' disease, step one probably will be to get your thyroid hormone levels checked with a simple blood test.


Question: Why do people with Graves' disease have eye issues?

Answer: About half of people with Graves' disease notice some eye issues, and some have severe vision problems. Experts think this happens because the tissues in your eyes have proteins like ones in your thyroid gland. The problem is known as Graves' eye disease or Graves' ophthalmopathy. Doctors don't think it can be prevented, but you're more likely to get it -- and have a worse case of it -- if you smoke.


Question: What are the symptoms of eye problems related to Graves' disease?

Answer: Graves' ophthalmopathy can cause a wide range of issues with your eyes. Some people might have a little redness and minor pain, while others have strong swelling, dryness, and more severe pain. It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. In rare cases, you can have double vision or other problems with your sight. Most people with the condition notice eye symptoms within 6 months (before or after) of being diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. People who have severe hyperthyroidism aren't necessarily more likely to have eye trouble than those who have milder cases.


Question: If I think I'm getting Graves' disease and it's affecting my eyes, what kind of doctor do I need to see?

Answer: If you think you may be developing Graves' ophthalmopathy, you may need to see both an endocrinologist (a doctor who specializes in problems with hormones) and an ophthalmologist (eye doctor). If you know you have Graves', your doctor should be able to find out if you have the eye problem with a standard eye exam.


Question: How are eye problems related to Graves' disease treated?

Answer: A number of things can help: Artificial tears, gels, and ointments can go a long way toward easing dryness. If you have a lot of swelling -- especially if it leads to double vision or loss of vision -- you might need to take a steroid called prednisone for a few weeks to bring the swelling down. In the rare cases when these don't work, your doctor might recommend surgery to remove some tissue from your eye socket or radiation therapy, where high-energy X-rays are aimed at the eye muscle. Graves' ophthalmopathy tends to get better after a few years, but you may have eye problems that need to be corrected with surgery. For example, you might need surgery to ease pain and pressure on your optic nerve, fix the alignment of your eye muscles, or make sure your eyelids cover and protect your eyes.


Question: When do you need surgery for eye problems caused by Graves' disease?

Answer: It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. If you think you may be developing Graves' ophthalmopathy, you may need to see both an endocrinologist (a doctor who specializes in problems with hormones) and an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).


Question: What eye problems does Graves' disease cause?

Answer: About half of people with Graves' disease notice some eye issues, and some have severe vision problems. Experts think this happens because the tissues in your eyes have proteins like ones in your thyroid gland. The problem is known as Graves' eye disease or Graves' ophthalmopathy. Doctors don't think it can be prevented, but you're more likely to get it -- and have a worse case of it -- if you smoke. It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. In the rare cases when these don't work, your doctor might recommend surgery to remove some tissue from your eye socket or radiation therapy, where high-energy X-rays are aimed at the eye muscle.


Question: How do azathioprine and mercaptopurine work for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Some common ones are: Azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran) Mercaptopurine ( Purinethol, Purixan) Methotrexate ( Trexall) Azathioprine and mercaptopurine can help keep flare-ups at bay. But they may take months to work. You might a need a faster-acting drug like a steroid until they do.


Question: When are drugs that target your immune system and steroids combined to treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: Its side effects include: Nausea and diarrhea Fatigue Scarring of the liver if used long-term Your doctor may use these drugs aggressively to treat your symptoms.


Question: What are biologics for Crohn's disease?

Answer: These drugs also affect your immune system. But they focus just on parts of your immune system in your gut. Doctors use biologics if you have moderate to severe Crohn's that hasn't responded well to other medications. They also use them to treat open, draining fistulas in combination with antibiotics and other treatments.


Question: What are immunomodulators for Crohn's disease and what are common types?

Answer: These affect your entire body, not just your gut. Some common ones are: Azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran) Mercaptopurine ( Purinethol, Purixan) Methotrexate ( Trexall) Azathioprine and mercaptopurine can help keep flare-ups at bay.


Question: Do biologics for Crohn's disease have risks?

Answer: Some examples of biologics are: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), also a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), also a biosimilar to Remicade Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ustekinumab ( Stelara) Vedolizumab ( Entyvio) In most cases, biologics cause fewer problems than other drugs used for Crohn's disease. In some instances, there can be serious side effects. Also, there is a risk for serious infections and certain types of cancer in people who take these drugs. Talk with your doctor about which medicine is right for you. No matter which one your doctor prescribes, he'll watch you carefully. Before you take one of these drugs, let your doctor know if you have a heart condition or a disease that affects your nervous system.


Question: How might your doctor use immunomodulators to treat symptoms of Crohn's disease?

Answer: Its side effects include: Nausea and diarrhea Fatigue Scarring of the liver if used long-term Your doctor may use these drugs aggressively to treat your symptoms. Then, he may switch you to other drugs for long-term treatment. You and your doctor can talk about which approach makes sense for you.


Question: What are side effects of biologics?

Answer: Its side effects include: Nausea and diarrhea Fatigue Scarring of the liver if used long-term Your doctor may use these drugs aggressively to treat your symptoms.


Question: When are drugs that target your immune system used to treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: There are several reasons your doctor might want you to try immune system drugs to treat your Crohn's: Because other drugs don't work. Or your doctor may not want you to become too dependent on steroids to lower inflammation. To keep flares away. Immune system drugs can help keep your Crohn's symptoms from coming back. It may take up to 3 months before they take effect. To treat a fistula. This type of abnormal connection can go from one part of your intestine to another. It can also go from your digestive system to places like your bladder, vagina, anus, or skin.


Question: How do drugs that target your immune system help with Crohn's disease?

Answer: The goal is to ease inflammation in your gut. Inflammation is part of a complicated process that helps cause your Crohn's. Drugs that affect your immune system, and treatments like steroids and antibiotics, can treat that process.


Question: Can drugs that target your immune system help treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: Besides that, they can help prevent flare-ups. Drugs that affect your immune system, and treatments like steroids and antibiotics, can treat that process.


Question: How does methotrexate work for Crohn's disease and what are its side effects?

Answer: There are several reasons your doctor might want you to try immune system drugs to treat your Crohn's: Because other drugs don't work. Its side effects include: Nausea and diarrhea Fatigue Scarring of the liver if used long-term Your doctor may use these drugs aggressively to treat your symptoms.


Question: What symptoms are caused by an allergy to pollen from grass?

Answer: It brings on symptoms like a runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and a cough.


Question: How does an unmowed lawn make grass pollen allergies worse?

Answer: Most types of grass release pollen only when they grow tall. The pollen comes from a feathery flower that grows at the top. If you keep your lawn mowed, it's less likely to release pollen. But Bermuda grass and some other types can still release the sneezy stuff even if you keep it short.


Question: How do I avoid triggers of grass pollen allergies?

Answer: Close windows on windy, summer days. Wear a mask when you garden.


Question: What types of lawn grasses are less likely to trigger allergies?

Answer: These types don't flower and release pollen until they're 12 inches or taller. Other allergy-safe options for your yard include ivy (be careful, though, because it spreads) and Irish moss. Or you could landscape with other types of plants that will do well with the sun, soil, and water you usually get.


Question: How do certain foods make grass pollen allergies worse?

Answer: If you're allergic to grasses, your symptoms are more likely to be triggered by particular fruits and vegetables that have proteins like those in pollen. Fresh celery, melons, peaches, oranges, and tomatoes may give you an itchy feeling in your mouth.


Question: How do I know if I have an allergy to grass pollen?

Answer: Get tested. It's the only way to know if you really are allergic to grasses, or if something else causes your symptoms.


Question: When do grass pollen allergies strike?

Answer: In the late spring and early summer, they release pollen into the air. The wind can carry it for miles. Grass pollen is microscopic. You may not see it in the air. But if you're allergic, your body may react even to small amounts.


Question: What kinds of grasses cause pollen allergies?

Answer: The kinds that often trigger allergies include: Bermuda Johnson Kentucky Orchard Redtop Rye Sweet vernal Timothy You may be allergic to only one type of grass or to many.


Question: Can sexual intercourse be a trigger for genital herpes?

Answer: Other triggers of genital herpes may include: Sexual intercourse. Some people find that the friction of sexual intercourse irritates the skin and brings on symptoms. Using a water-based lubricant can help reduce irritation. Don't use one that contains the spermicide nonoxynol-9, however. Nonoxynol-9 can irritate mucous membranes, such as the lining of the vagina. Oil-based lubricants are a no-no, too. They weaken latex, making condoms more likely to break. Even if the friction of intercourse seems to be a trigger for symptoms, it probably won't cause a flare-up every time you have sex.


Question: Can colds and sunlight be triggers for genital herpes?

Answer: The common cold and sunlight seem to trigger outbreaks of oral herpes (cold sores), but no proof exists that they trigger genital herpes outbreaks.


Question: How do doctors choose breast cancer treatments?

Answer: Your doctor will think about many things before she recommends treatments for you, including: The type of breast cancer you have How fast it's growing Your age and how healthy you are If you've had breast cancer before If your tumor has female hormones or other genetic factors, such as the HER2 oncogene, that make it grow faster.


Question: What does the doctor consider for treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: It doesn't tell the whole story, though. Your doctor will think about many things before she recommends treatments for you, including: The type of breast cancer you have How fast it's growing Your age and how healthy you are If you've had breast cancer before If your tumor has female hormones or other genetic factors, such as the HER2 oncogene, that make it grow faster.


Question: What is stage 2 breast cancer?

Answer: Stage 1 Breast Cancer Treatment Options In stage 2 breast cancer, the cancer is in the breast and may also be in nearby lymph nodes.


Question: What is stage 4 breast cancer?

Answer: Stage 3 Breast Cancer Treatment Options Stage 4 breast cancer has spread beyond the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other parts of the body.


Question: What is stage 1 breast cancer?

Answer: Stage 0 Breast Cancer Treatment Options In Stage 1 breast cancer, the cancer is still considered in an early stage.


Question: What is stage 3 breast cancer?

Answer: Stage 3 Breast Cancer Treatment Options Stage 4 breast cancer has spread beyond the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other parts of the body.


Question: What are the five basic stages of breast cancer?

Answer: Before you start a treatment, your doctor will want to know the size of the tumor and how far it has spread in your body, called the stage of the cancer. There are five basic stages, 0 through IV, and a number of sub-stages. Stage 0 breast cancer is early stage cancer.