Question: How can eye drops help?

Answer: Don't use them longer than 2 to 3 days. Lazy eye (amblyopia).


Question: How are eye drops used for an infected cornea (keratitis)?

Answer: Others don't replace the lenses, solutions, and cases as prescribed. It can also happen if you leave them in while you swim. You'll probably get antibacterial eye drops for a minor problem. For a more severe infection, you might need fortified antibiotic drops or more extensive treatments -- maybe even surgery. Take your contacts out right away and call the eye doctor if you think your eyes are infected. Some eye drops have both antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers for quick and long-lived relief. They can cause "rebound" swelling and redness, which may lead to chronic eye redness.


Question: What should I do if I lose consciousness while hypoglycemic?

Answer: It's important that not only you, but your family and others around you, learn to recognize the signs of hypoglycemia and know what to do about them. If you lose consciousness, you will need immediate medical attention. It's important that you educate the people in your family and the people you work with about insulin shock and about what to do if it happens. Someone should call 911 or arrange to get you to an emergency room if that's not possible.


Question: Can I drive a car if my blood sugar is out of the normal range?

Answer: Several things can cause hypoglycemia. If it is, you should treat it quickly or seek emergency care. If you can't check your blood sugar level for some reason, you should go ahead and treat yourself for low blood sugar if you notice symptoms or seek emergency care. Repeat the process until your blood sugar level is in its normal target range.


Question: How can my meal plan prevent diabetic shock?

Answer: Ordinarily, the production of insulin is regulated inside your body so that you naturally have the amount of insulin you need to help control the level of sugar. It also depends on your level of physical activity since the cells in your body use more sugar when you are active. Your blood sugar level could be low if you: Become more physically active than usual Miss a meal Change when or how much you normally eat Take your insulin or medication in a different amount or at a different time than usual Drink alcohol excessively without eating The symptoms of hypoglycemia can be classified as mild or early, moderate, and severe. Symptoms may include: Crying out in your sleep Nightmares Damp pajamas or sheets resulting from perspiration Waking tired, irritable, or confused If you experience any possible signs of mild hypoglycemia, it's important to check your blood sugar if you can to make sure it isn't low. Other snacks you can use to raise your sugar level include: One-half cup of regular soda -- not diet Cup of milk 1 tablespoon of sugar 1 tablespoon of honey One-quarter cup raisins 2 large or 6 small sugar cubes dissolved in water You can also ask your doctor or dietitian for recommendations for other snack items that can help raise your blood sugar level when you need to.


Question: What happens if diabetic shock goes untreated?

Answer: The symptoms of insulin shock may seem mild at first. But they should not be ignored. If it isn't treated quickly, hypoglycemia can become a very serious condition that causes you to faint, requiring immediate medical attention. It's important that not only you, but your family and others around you, learn to recognize the signs of hypoglycemia and know what to do about them. It could save your life. Levels that are too high can cause severe dehydration, which can be life-threatening.


Question: What can you do to reduce the risk of diabetic shock or hypoglycemia?

Answer: Ordinarily, the production of insulin is regulated inside your body so that you naturally have the amount of insulin you need to help control the level of sugar. So if you need to medicate with insulin, it becomes your responsibility to see that you have the amount of insulin you need when you need it. When to take insulin or another medication and how much to use depends on when, what, and how much food you eat. Several things can cause hypoglycemia.


Question: What is the best way to lower the risk of hypoglycemia?

Answer: Severe hypoglycemia, or insulin shock, is a serious health risk for anyone with diabetes. If you are unconscious, someone injecting you with glucagon even before emergency help arrives can prevent further complications and help you recover.


Question: How can following your meal plan reduce the risk of diabetic shock or hypoglycemia?

Answer: It's important to maintain the proper level of sugar in your blood. It also depends on your level of physical activity since the cells in your body use more sugar when you are active. Your blood sugar level could be low if you: Become more physically active than usual Miss a meal Change when or how much you normally eat Take your insulin or medication in a different amount or at a different time than usual Drink alcohol excessively without eating The symptoms of hypoglycemia can be classified as mild or early, moderate, and severe. Symptoms may include: Crying out in your sleep Nightmares Damp pajamas or sheets resulting from perspiration Waking tired, irritable, or confused If you experience any possible signs of mild hypoglycemia, it's important to check your blood sugar if you can to make sure it isn't low. Other snacks you can use to raise your sugar level include: One-half cup of regular soda -- not diet Cup of milk 1 tablespoon of sugar 1 tablespoon of honey One-quarter cup raisins 2 large or 6 small sugar cubes dissolved in water You can also ask your doctor or dietitian for recommendations for other snack items that can help raise your blood sugar level when you need to.


Question: What is a glucagon rescue kit for diabetic shock?

Answer: When to take insulin or another medication and how much to use depends on when, what, and how much food you eat. Glucagon is a natural hormone that rapidly causes the level of sugar in your blood to rise. If you are unconscious, someone injecting you with glucagon even before emergency help arrives can prevent further complications and help you recover.


Question: How can I get support to help manage stress?

Answer: Get enough rest and sleep. Seek treatment with a psychologist or other mental health professional trained in stress management or biofeedback techniques to learn healthy ways of dealing with the stress in your life.


Question: What are third-line treatments for interstitial cystitis?

Answer: Bladder stretching. If second-line treatments don't work, your doctor will likely turn to the third-line treatments. They require cytoscopy, a special scope used to look at the bladder, often in an operating room under anesthesia. Bladder stretching. If it's helpful, the effect usually lasts less than 6 months. Repeat treatment may help. Steroids. If you have ulcers called Hunner's lesions on your bladder, a doctor may remove them, burn them, or inject them with steroids. Dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO). For people who haven't found relief through other drugs, this drug is placed in the bladder with a catheter. It's believed to work by fighting inflammation and blocking pain. Doctors don't often recommend it because it may temporarily worsen symptoms and takes multiple doctor visits.


Question: What should you know about interstitial cystitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Because IC has such a wide range of symptoms and severity, most experts think it might be several diseases. If you have urinary pain that lasts for more than 6 weeks and is not caused by other conditions like infection or kidney stones, you may have IC. No matter what it's called, interstitial cystitis symptoms bring a lot of challenges. The disease can affect your social life, exercise, sleep, and even your ability to work. Interstitial cystitis causes urgent, often painful bathroom trips. There's no test for interstitial cystitis.


Question: What is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: It's usually permanent. A hearing aid or cochlear implant may make things better. This may lead to inner ear nerve damage.


Question: How does sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) happen?

Answer: The loud music of your youth or simply aging may be to blame. Other causes of sensorineural hearing loss include: Diseases of the central nervous system Ear structure problems The growth of bone in your middle ear, called otosclerosis Most of the time, this type happens slowly. Hearing loss typically affects one ear. If yours comes on suddenly, it's a medical emergency. Medicine may be able to treat it.


Question: What things are stuck in the ear canal that can cause conductive hearing loss?

Answer: Water causes this infection of the outer ear canal. Doctors often see this in children. If a bug is stuck in your ear (uncommon, but it does happen), you may have a hard time hearing and your ear may be very itchy.


Question: What can you do if you have trouble hearing?

Answer: You may get one if your eardrum collapses. This is the most common form of permanent hearing loss. It can also be a side effect of some medications.


Question: How can exercise help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: If you want to have a baby, don't let multiple sclerosis stand in your way. It can help with symptoms, improve strength and balance, and lower your chances of other health problems. Check with your doctor before you start exercising. Pushing yourself too hard can trigger fatigue, and getting overheated while you work out may make your symptoms worse. Talk to a physical therapist to come up with a safe routine.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis (MS) affect walking?

Answer: Disease-modifying drugs can cut the number of attacks you get and make them less severe. Experts think that hormones may play a role. Look at it this way: Out of 100 kids born to parents with MS, only about three will ever get it. If your symptoms make work hard right now, remember that they may change or go away with time.


Question: When should people with multiple sclerosis (MS) get treatment?

Answer: Disease-modifying drugs can cut the number of attacks you get and make them less severe. They may also slow down the disease. In many cases, the sooner you start them, the better you'll manage MS in the long run. If your symptoms make work hard right now, remember that they may change or go away with time.


Question: What should you do if your child has a fever?

Answer: Your child's body is raising its temperature to kill the germs. If he's younger, ask your doctor how much to give him. Another option is ibuprofen if your child is at least 6 months old. There's a lot you can do to make him feel better. Put a cool compress on his head and keep his room at a moderate temperature -- not too hot and not too cold. Dress him in one layer of light clothing and offer a light blanket. You can also cool him off with a lukewarm sponge bath. And don't forget -- make sure he drinks a lot of fluids. If the doctor says it's OK to use a cough or cold medicine, then read the label before you buy and pick the one that most closely matches your child's symptoms.


Question: What is laminectomy?

Answer: In this procedure, a surgeon removes parts of the bone, bone spurs, or ligaments in your back. This relieves pressure on spinal nerves and can ease pain or weakness, but the procedure can make your spine less stable. If that happens, you'll probably need a spinal fusion as well. Doctors sometimes do the two procedures together. Like a laminectomy, this procedure can also make your spine less stable.


Question: What is disk replacement surgery?

Answer: In a diskectomy, the surgeon removes all or part of the disk. Unlike fusion, this lets you continue to move your spine. Recovery time may be shorter than for a spinal fusion, too. But there is a slight chance the new disk could slip or fall out of place and require repair.


Question: What is spinal fusion?

Answer: The doctor will join spinal bones, called vertebrae, together. This limits the motion between them and how far your nerves can stretch. But it probably won't limit your activity. It's rare, but the bones don't always fuse completely. If it happens, you may need another operation to fix it. This is the most common surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.


Question: What are some possible complications of cirrhosis from hepatitis C?

Answer: Enlarged blood vessels in your esophagus or stomach, which can burst and cause serious internal bleeding. Two other serious complications of cirrhosis are liver cancer and a buildup of toxins in your brain. The latter can interfere with your thinking, and can lead to coma. You'll need to see your doctor more often to manage these complications.


Question: How do you develop cirrhosis from hepatitis C?

Answer: But with time, more cells die, and pressure builds up in the vein leaving the liver. Your doctor will help you manage specific symptoms like itchy skin or pain. Pressure in a portal vein leaving your liver: You'll probably take beta-blockers, which may help reduce blood pressure in this vein and elsewhere in the body.


Question: What is an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: You can feel it -- a springy band of tissue at the back of your ankle and above your heel. It lets you point your toes toward the floor and raise up on your tiptoes. It's common for this tendon to get injured. It can be mild or moderate and feel like a burning pain or stiffness in that part of your leg. If the pain is severe, your Achilles tendon may be partly torn or completely ruptured. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe.


Question: Can I prevent an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. Wear shoes with good support that fit well. Stop exercising if you feel pain or tightness in the back of your calf or heel.


Question: When will I feel better from an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Check with your doctor first if you have any allergies, medical problems or take any other medication. It may take months, but it depends on how serious your injury is. Different conditions heal at different rates. You can still be active while your injury heals. Ask your doctor what's OK to do. But don't rush things. Don't try to return to your old level of physical activity until: You can move your leg as easily and freely as your uninjured leg. Your leg feels as strong as your uninjured leg.


Question: What should I let my doctor know about while taking beta-blockers to help high blood pressure?

Answer: Or they could change how another medicine works. To avoid problems, let your doctor know about any medications -- prescription or over-the-counter -- or supplements that you're taking, especially: Other blood pressure and heart medicines Allergy shots Antidepressants Diabetes medicines and insulin Street drugs, such as cocaine Avoid products with caffeine and alcohol. Tell your doctor right away if you get pregnant while you're taking a beta-blocker.


Question: What are beta-blockers and how can they help with high blood pressure?

Answer: This slows your heart rate and eases up on the force your heart squeezes with. Your blood pressure goes down because your heart isn't working so hard. These medicines can also relax blood vessels so the blood flows better. If you're going to have surgery of any kind (including dental procedures), make sure the doctor knows you're taking a beta-blocker.


Question: How can you treat blisters?

Answer: A single blister like that is usually easy to treat at home, but if you see signs of infection, it's time to call your doctor. Some steps you can take to help the healing process: Put on a loose bandage. It protects your blister while it heals. Keep it padded. If your blister rubs up against your shoe, you can stop it from getting worse by using padding underneath the bandage. Usually, there's no need to drain your blister, but you may want to if it's large and hurts a lot. If you decide to do it, use a small needle that you've sterilized with rubbing alcohol. Then pierce the edge of the blister. Afterward, wash the spot with soap and water and cover with petroleum jelly.


Question: How can extreme cold cause blisters?

Answer: A severe sunburn can also cause blisters. And call your doctor if you get a blister after taking a medication.


Question: How can irritants or allergy triggers cause blisters?

Answer: You may hear your doctor call this problem irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. If you leave your blister alone, it often gets better in 1 or 2 weeks.


Question: Can blisters get better on their own?

Answer: While it's healing, stay away from the activity that brought on the blister. Call your doctor if it gets more painful or you notice: Pus leaking out Swelling Redness


Question: How can I avoid the foods I'm allergic to?

Answer: Once you and your doctor have found which foods cause your allergies, stay away from them. You should also be aware of the ingredients in processed foods. Learn to read labels, and read them every time to know what you are about to eat.


Question: What  medical conditions that need to be determined before taking Cymbalta to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant used for the treatment of fibromyalgia. If the medicine upsets your stomach, you can try taking it with a meal or some crackers. The drug should be prescribed with caution in those who have: A history of seizures or mania Conditions that slow gastric emptying (sometimes occurs in those with diabetes) Diabetes ( Cymbalta may effect blood sugar levels) High blood pressure or heart disease Liver disease Kidney disease You should not take Cymbalta if you: Are taking a medication called thioridazine Are taking a medicine called MAOI or have used one in the last 14 days Have uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma In animal studies Cymbalta has demonstrated adverse effects on a developing fetus.


Question: What are the risks of using Cymbalta and other antidepressants for treating fibromyalgia?

Answer: Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant used for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Cymbalta and other antidepressants may increase the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in people under age 24. After you are prescribed Cymbalta, your doctor will monitor you closely for unusual behavior changes, new or worsening signs of depression, or suicidal thoughts.


Question: What are the most common side effects of Cymbalta for the treatment of fibromyalgia?

Answer: Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant used for the treatment of fibromyalgia. In clinical trials, Cymbalta significantly and quickly improved pain. The most common side effects for Cymbalta are: Constipation Dry mouth Nausea Other side effects that may occur include: Decreased appetite (may include anorexia) Decreased sex drive Drowsiness or sleepiness Increased sweating Jitters, nervousness, or restlessness (agitation) Urinary hesitation You may feel dizzy upon standing when you first start taking Cymbalta or when your dose is increased.


Question: How does Cymbalta help with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder that causes widespread muscle pain and tenderness, trouble sleeping, and overwhelming tiredness. Researchers think that Cymbalta helps calm down these pain signals by increasing the level of two naturally occurring substances called serotonin and norepinephrine. These substances, which are found in the brain and other parts of the nervous system, can affect mood and are believed to help control and suppress feelings of pain.


Question: What are the different drugs that may interact with Cymbalta and cause serotonin syndrome while treating fibromyalgia?

Answer: Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant used for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Serotonin syndrome most often results when someone takes two or more medications that increase the body's serotonin levels at the same time. Serotonin syndrome can lead to rapid changes in blood pressure, muscle rigidity, seizures, and even death. Drugs that may interact with Cymbalta and cause serotonin syndrome include: Cough medicines that contain dextromethorphan Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) Nausea and heartburn medications such as metoclopramide ( Reglan) and ondansetron ( Zofran) Pain medications, including meperidine ( Demerol, a painkiller) and tramadol ( Ultram) St. John's wort Triptans, used to treat migraine headaches Other drugs may also interact with Cymbalta, including: Blood thinners, including warfarin, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs).


Question: What should I do if Cymbalta upsets my stomach while I take it for fibromyalgia?

Answer: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder that causes widespread muscle pain and tenderness, trouble sleeping, and overwhelming tiredness. If the medicine upsets your stomach, you can try taking it with a meal or some crackers. You should not drink alcohol when taking Cymbalta. Doing so can increase your risk of liver damage.


Question: What is a serotonin syndrome, and how does it affect me when I'm taking Cymbalta for treatment of fibromyalgia?

Answer: Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant used for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Serotonin syndrome most often results when someone takes two or more medications that increase the body's serotonin levels at the same time. You need serotonin for your brain and nerve cells to function, but too much of it can be dangerous. Serotonin syndrome can lead to rapid changes in blood pressure, muscle rigidity, seizures, and even death.


Question: What is DVT and how dangerous is it?

Answer: The biggest danger is that part of the clot could break off and travel to your lungs. It could cause a blockage known as a pulmonary embolism, or PE. Your doctor will talk to you about how likely that is to happen with your clot. People with a deep-vein clot in their leg usually have swelling, pain, tenderness, or redness in one leg, but sometimes both.


Question: What exercises can I do if I have deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: How is it diagnosed? You can still move around and walk after you've been diagnosed, but you should take it easy. Talk to your doctor about what exercise you like to do and whether it's safe.


Question: What are risks of taking passionflower?

Answer: Passionflower oils and extracts are sometimes applied to the body to try to treat hemorrhoids and burns. However, no studies have examined its effectiveness for such uses. Passionflower may also interact with: Other sleep aids Anticoagulant drugs Passionflower should not be taken by pregnant women. That's because passionflower may interact with anesthesia and other medication during and after surgery. The FDA does not regulate supplements.


Question: What are some precautions about using passionflower?

Answer: In the U. S. passionflower is available in a variety of forms, including: Capsule Extract Dried Oil Passionflower has been used by some people to try to treat insomnia. But there is little evidence that it works. Today, supplements containing passionflower are often marketed as relaxation aids. Several side effects have been reported, including: Dizziness Sedation Loss of coordination Allergic reaction Confusion Passionflower may interact with certain medications. For example, it may increase the effects of pentobarbital and benzodiazepine drugs.


Question: What is mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: When you head out to sea on a cruise ship, your brain and body have to get used to the constant motion. When you get back on shore, you need time to get your land legs back. Mainly, you feel like you're rocking, swaying, or bobbing when there's no reason for it. It's a rare condition, so it may take a few visits to figure it out. If you've had mal de debarquement syndrome before, it's probably best to stay away from the type of motion that brought it on.


Question: What are some treatments for mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: This uses electrical signals to change how your brain works. There's no drug made just for mal de debarquement syndrome, but certain medications used to treat things like depression, anxiety, or insomnia may help some people. Drugs used for motion sickness won't help. Vestibular rehabilitation. Your doctor can show you special exercises to help you with steadiness and balance. Exercise, managing stress, and getting rest may give you some relief. If you can't do that, check with your doctor to see if a medication might work for you.


Question: What's the treatment for testicular torsion?

Answer: Newborn babies or middle-aged men can sometimes get it, too. But in most cases, you'll need surgery to fix testicular torsion.


Question: What do bilirubin levels mean?

Answer: Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment that occurs normally when part of your red blood cells break down. Another option is that there's a problem somewhere along the pathway that gets the bilirubin out of your liver and into your stool.


Question: What happens during a bilirubin test?

Answer: With newborns, blood is usually drawn by using a needle to break the skin of the heel. Your doctor will send the blood to a lab for analysis. Before the test, tell your doctor about how active you've been and what food and medicines you've taken. Certain medications may alter your results. After the test, you'll be able to continue with your normal activities right away. It travels in the blood to the liver.


Question: What are the different types of bilirubin?

Answer: A bilirubin test measures the amount of bilirubin in your blood. The blood is collected in a tube. It can also give levels of two different types of bilirubin: unconjugated and conjugated. Unconjugated (âindirectâ) bilirubin. This is the bilirubin once it reaches the liver and undergoes a chemical change. It moves to the intestines before being removed through your stool.


Question: What is social anxiety disorder?

Answer: Maybe you've clammed up when meeting someone new or gotten sweaty palms before making a big presentation. Public speaking or walking into a roomful of strangers isn't exactly thrilling for everybody, but most people can get through it. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you have social anxiety disorder, though, the stress of these situations is too much to handle. You might avoid all social contact because things that other people consider ânormalâ -- like making small talk and eye contact -- make you so uncomfortable. All aspects of your life, not just the social, could start to fall apart. Social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) is one of the most common mental disorders, so if you have it, there's hope. The tough part is being able to ask for help. Here's how to know if your social silence has gone beyond shyness to a point where you need to see a doctor. But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it.


Question: What causes social anxiety disorder?

Answer: Social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) is one of the most common mental disorders, so if you have it, there's hope. Genetics likely has something to do with it: If you have a family member with social phobia, you're more at risk of having it, too. It could also be linked to having an overactive amygdala -- the part of the brain that controls your fear response. Social anxiety disorder usually comes on at around 13 years of age. It can be linked to a history of abuse, bullying, or teasing. Shy kids are also more likely to become socially anxious adults, as are children with overbearing or controlling parents. If you develop a health condition that draws attention to your appearance or voice, that could trigger social anxiety, too.


Question: What are the risks of having a surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Learn the benefits -- and risks -- of surgery so you can decide if it's right for you. If you're having a kidney removed, it's possible that you'll have problems such as: Infection Bleeding Pneumonia A reaction to the anesthesia drugs Damage to organs and blood vessels Your other kidney fails Before your procedure, ask your surgeon about the chances you could have these problems.


Question: What is arterial embolization for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: It can also relieve symptoms like pain and bleeding. During this procedure, the surgeon places small pieces of a special gelatin sponge or other material into the main blood vessel that goes to your kidney. These pieces block blood flow to the organ. Without enough blood, the cancer will shrink. Your doctor may want to do an arterial embolization before you have a radical nephrectomy. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery.


Question: What do you need to know about surgery for kidney cancer?

Answer: The surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma is called a radical nephrectomy. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. If you're not healthy enough for surgery, you have another option. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery. Your doctor might recommend changes to your diet or exercise routine to help keep your kidney healthy.


Question: How long will it take to heal from radical nephrectomy?

Answer: This medicine will make you sleep and keep you from feeling pain during the surgery. About 2 weeks later, you'll see your surgeon to check on your progress. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. Your doctor might give you targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These treatments kill cancer cells all over your body.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby developing baby who creeps or crawls on their tummy?

Answer: During this time, she may start crawling, creeping on her tummy, or scooting on her bottom. Don't worry about her style. As long as she uses arms and legs on both sides of her body to move, it's OK. Encourage motoring by putting an interesting toy just beyond her reach. Ask relatives to let baby make the first move.


Question: Can an 8- to 12-month-old baby get into a sitting position without help?

Answer: Help him develop skills like clapping with patty-cake and other hand games. Around new people or in new places, hold him and give him time to adjust.


Question: In general, when do babies start to stand on their own?

Answer: When she can sit well without support (usually about 7 months), your baby will learn to lean over onto all fours. Rolling over, sitting up on her own, and crawling has boosted her confidence. Make sure toxic products and medicines are locked away and safety gates are up.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby walk safely while holding onto furniture?

Answer: Hold your baby's hands while he walks to help him practice. Or let him push a sturdy walking toy with supervision. His first steps alone are just around the corner. Make sure toxic products and medicines are locked away and safety gates are up.


Question: Why do babies shake, bang, and throw things?

Answer: Your baby's hands are busy, putting objects in and out of containers and banging them together. Play together with texture books, balls, and squeeze toys. Add a twist to peek-a-boo: Throw a blanket over your head and let her pull it off to find you.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby crawl?

Answer: Soon, she'll push off with her knees to crawl. As she becomes agile, set out pillows, cushions, and boxes for her to crawl over and around. Always supervise this activity, and make sure your home is baby-proof! At around 8-12 months, your baby's torso and leg muscles are strong enough for her to stand without assistance.


Question: How can I help a developing baby who is shy or anxious with strangers?

Answer: Your baby is on the move! Stranger anxiety is one of baby's first emotional milestones. Around new people or in new places, hold him and give him time to adjust. Ask relatives to let baby make the first move.


Question: How common is panic disorder?

Answer: The fear and terror that a person experiences during a panic attack are not in proportion to the true situation and may be unrelated to what is happening around them. Panic disorder is fairly common and affects about 6 million adults in the U. S. Women are twice as likely as men to develop the condition, and its symptoms usually begin in early adulthood.


Question: What are symptoms of vision problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs. As you rest and cool down, these symptoms are likely to go away.


Question: How do vision problems  from multiple sclerosis happen?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. The most common symptoms in CIS are: Optic neuritis: This condition damages the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It usually affects just one eye, but in rare cases, it involves both.


Question: What tests might my doctor suggest to deal with the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you have another CIS or other MS symptoms later, your doctor will do a test called an MRI that takes a picture of your brain to look for them. The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause fatigue?

Answer: Heat-related problems: You might notice them as you warm up during exercise. They're an early symptom for almost half the people with MS. If you have trouble walking and are often fatigued, you're likely to become less active.


Question: What vision problems are caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. The most common symptoms in CIS are: Optic neuritis: This condition damages the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It usually affects just one eye, but in rare cases, it involves both. You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs.


Question: What should you do if your ruptured eardrum takes long to heal?

Answer: It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. If the ruptured eardrum is causing you pain, the doctor may recommend using an over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. The surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis. During the procedure, which usually takes a couple of hours, the doctor will attach a piece of your own tissue to the eardrum to rebuild the eardrum. Surgery is most commonly used for large perforations, for perforations that involve the edges of the eardrum, or for ruptured eardrums caused by an ear infection.


Question: What is a ruptured eardrum?

Answer: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. That membrane, known as the tympanic membrane, is made of tissue that resembles skin.


Question: What is a barotrauma?

Answer: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. The change in pressure is also a common problem for scuba divers.


Question: What are the symptoms of bladder infections?

Answer: The most common sign of cystitis (the medical term for a bladder infection) is a burning feeling when you pee. Peeing only in small amounts at a time Cloudy or bloody urine Urine that smells worse than it should Pain around your pelvis Fever (a sign that the infection might have spread to your kidneys) In older people, prolonged tiredness (fatigue) or mental confusion might be signs of a more serious urinary tract infection. If you help take care of a child, you may want to watch for accidental daytime wetting that wasn't happing before. Other signs include a drop in appetite and vomiting.


Question: How can I avoid smoking when I drink?

Answer: The idea is to shake up your habits so they won't trigger you into smoking again. I Smoke When I Drink. Booze is a common trigger for smoking, so drinking makes you less likely to stick to your new, smoke-free life.


Question: How can bowel resection with colostomy help treat diverticulitis?

Answer: Other tests might include: Blood and urine tests, which can point to an infection Liver tests A pregnancy test A stool test, if your diarrhea is one of your symptoms If you have a mild case and see your doctor right away, it's pretty easy to treat. Your doctor will create an opening in your abdomenal wall so waste can flow into a bag. Surgeons can often reconnect the bowel after the inflammation has passed.


Question: How can you prevent diverticulitis?

Answer: Your doctor may also suggest that you take a mild pain reliever like acetaminophen. This reduces pressure in your digestive tract. It may lower your chances of diverticula forming and becoming inflamed.


Question: How is brain swelling diagnosed?

Answer: It depends on the cause. Common exams and tests used in the diagnosis include: Head and neck exam Neurologic exam CT scan of the head to identify the extent and location of the swelling MRI of the head to identify the extent and location of the swelling Blood tests to check for causes of the swelling Minor cases of brain swelling due to causes such as moderate altitude sickness or a slight concussion often resolve within a few days.


Question: What are the long-term effects of brain swelling?

Answer: It depends on the cause. Symptoms may be noticed with any of the following: Sleeping Thinking and attention skills Headaches Depression Communication skills Movement Your health care team is available to help you deal with these challenges. While some problems may continue to diminish over time, others may require ongoing treatment.


Question: What is brain swelling?

Answer: Your brain can also swell as a result of injury, illness, or other reasons. The body's response to the injury may also increase swelling.


Question: What are some side effects of potassium and magnesium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. If you take controlled-release tablets or capsules and have severe vomiting, vomit blood, or have abdominal pain or swelling, stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. If you have them, call your doctor right away.


Question: Why are potassium and magnesium prescribed to heart patients?

Answer: They replace the electrolytes you lose because of the water pills. You are using ACE inhibitors or certain diuretics.


Question: When should someone call their doctor when experiencing side effects of potassium and magnesium supplements?

Answer: If you take controlled-release tablets or capsules and have severe vomiting, vomit blood, or have abdominal pain or swelling, stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. Black, tarry, or bloody stools. You should also call your doctor if you have: Confusion Irregular or slow heartbeat Numbness Tingling in hands, feet, or lips Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Anxiety Unusual tiredness or weakness If you are taking magnesium or potassium supplements, let your doctor know if: You are using a salt substitute (many salt substitutes contain potassium).


Question: What are treatments for diarrhea?

Answer: Do you have a fever? Some other good choices include: Potatoes Smooth peanut butter Skinless chicken or turkey Yogurt Avoid foods that can make diarrhea or gas worse, like: Fatty or fried foods Raw fruits and vegetables Spicy foods Caffeinated drinks, such as coffee and soda Beans Cabbage Most of the time diarrhea doesn't need to be treated. But some over-the-counter medicines can help you feel better. Two types of meds relieve diarrhea in different ways: Loperamide ( Imodium) slows the movement of food through your intestines, which lets your body absorb more liquid. Bismuth subsalicylate ( Kaopectate, Pepto- Bismol) balances out how fluid moves through your digestive tract.


Question: Why is a colonoscopy used to see what is causing diarrhea?

Answer: The best way for your doctor to figure out what's causing your diarrhea is to get some information from you. If your doctor thinks a specific food is causing your problem, he may ask you to stay away from that item for a while to see if it helps.


Question: How is intertrigo treated?

Answer: Intertrigo can occur: Between toes and fingers In armpits In the inner thighs In the groin and at the scrotum On the underside of your breasts or belly In the crease of your neck Between the buttocks If you have any symptoms of intertrigo, be sure to see your doctor. A barrier cream may be recommended to help protect skin from irritants. To treat intertrigo, your doctor may recommend short-term use of a topical steroid to reduce inflammation in the area. If the area is also infected, your doctor may prescribe an antifungal or antibiotic cream or ointment. Keep your skin as dry and cool as you can.


Question: What are some lifestyle changes for chronic back pain and sleep problems?

Answer: Here are some tips for getting a good night's sleep with chronic back pain: Minimize stress. Limit or eliminate caffeine. Avoid eating heavily before bedtime. Don't self-medicate with alcohol. Do some soothing exercises. Choose a comfortable mattress and pillow. Sleep in a comfortable position, although try not to sleep on your stomach. Establish a bedtime routine.


Question: How can I prevent mallet finger?

Answer: Take care not to injure the finger even more. If a cut has been repaired, you may need to go back to the doctor in 10 days to have the sutures removed. To help prevent injuries from happening again to the same finger, leave the splint on for the entire time the doctor has recommended.


Question: What is mallet finger?

Answer: Basketball and baseball players routinely experience jammed fingers, but the injury can occur because of a crushing accident on the job or even because of a cut finger while working in the kitchen. With mallet finger, the tendon on the back of the finger (not the palm side) is separated from the muscles it connects. With a splint, the outermost joint on the injured finger is not bendable, but the rest of your finger is.


Question: How do exams and tests help doctors in diagnosing mallet finger?

Answer: Imaging studies may also help the doctor see any foreign debris in the cut. If your finger is not broken or cut, or if only a small fracture is present, the doctor will apply a splint to the end of the finger so it remains extended.


Question: Do hot temperatures affect multiple sclerosis symptoms?

Answer: Doctors believe that this occurs because heat causes nerves (whose myelin covering has been destroyed from MS) to conduct electrical signals even less efficiently. Most people with MS avoid hot baths, hot showers, and heated swimming pools. Extreme temperatures may worsen your symptoms of multiple sclerosis.


Question: Is it important to diagnose glaucoma early?

Answer: That is why it's so important to have your eye doctor test you regularly for glaucoma. Once diagnosed, glaucoma is usually controlled with eye drops that reduce eye pressure. Glaucoma is a life-long condition and needs continual follow-up with your eye doctor. If the high pressure in the eye is not relieved quickly, blindness can occur.


Question: What is the appropriate treatment for glaucoma?

Answer: Treatment of open-angle glaucoma -- the most common form of the disease -- requires lowering the eye's pressure by increasing the drainage of aqueous humor fluid or decreasing the production of that fluid. On the other hand, treatments for acute angle-closure glaucoma -- usually laser treatment -- are permanent and do not require long-term therapy. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new channel for fluid outflow in cases in which the intraocular pressure is high and the optic nerve damage progresses.


Question: Will I need surgery if I have glaucoma?

Answer: Be candid and tell the doctor if you cannot follow the medication schedule or if the eye drops cause unwanted side effects. This relatively brief procedure can often be done in an ophthalmologist's clinic. Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new channel for fluid outflow in cases in which the intraocular pressure is high and the optic nerve damage progresses. Long-term results vary, but generally, the success rate is good. Surgical implants that shunt fluid out of the eye may also be used to decrease pressure in the eye.


Question: Should I try natural remedies with my cancer treatment?

Answer: If you're sick of -- and from -- taking medicine, you might look to natural remedies to ease your symptoms. The best way to know if a natural remedy is smart and safe for you is to talk to your health care team. If you plan to do research first, keep these things in mind: Unlike medicines, supplements don't have to be tested to prove they're safe or they work. Know that ânaturalâ doesn't mean safe.


Question: How can I treat my headache without drugs?

Answer: The good news is there are several simple things you can do to ease the pain without a trip to the doctor or drugstore. Keep the compress on your head for 15 minutes, then take a break for 15 minutes. If you have a tension headache, place a heating pad on your neck or the back of your head. If you have a sinus headache, hold a warm cloth to the area that hurts. A warm shower might also do the trick. You might even talk to your doctor about physical therapy if you have muscle spasms in your neck. Take painkillers as soon as you feel pain. And be sure to talk to your doctor about what headache symptoms you should not try to treat at home.


Question: How is psoriasis treated when you have other conditions?

Answer: If you have psoriasis, you may have other health problems, too. The itchy skin rash is caused by an issue with your immune system. Your doctor should know about any other health problems you have and any medicines you take. Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: People who have psoriasis seem likely to have other conditions linked to inflammation like heart disease, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. One study found that one in 10 women with psoriasis also have a form of inflammatory bowel disease. Two of the biologic drugs used to treat psoriasis can cause these illnesses or make them worse. If you're affected by this, talk with your doctor before you try brodalumab ( Siliq), ixekizumab ( Taltz), or secukinumab ( Cosentyx).


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you are pregnant?

Answer: That can let it build up to dangerous levels. Steroid creams also appear to be safe. But you should avoid tazarotene, a topical retinoid made from vitamin A. Retinoids in pill form are extremely dangerous if you're pregnant. Acitretin can cause serious birth defects. Because it stays in your system a while, you shouldn't try to get pregnant for at least 3 years after you take it. Methotrexate can also cause a miscarriage or birth defects. Men should wait at least 3 months and women 4 months after stopping it before they try to have a baby. Biologic drugs haven't been studied in pregnant women, so talk with your doctor about them. You can pass some medicines to your baby through breast milk. Don't take apremilast, cyclosporine, or methotrexate while you're nursing, and don't use steroid creams on your breasts. Light therapy that uses UVB rays is safe when you're pregnant, but the method called PUVA can cause birth defects. It combines medicine called psoralen with exposure to UVA rays. Women and men shouldn't use this if they're trying to conceive, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding shouldn't, either. Treating your psoriasis can improve your mood. But some psoriasis medications, like apremilast and brodalumab, may make depression worse.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have cancer?

Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. So you shouldn't take systemic psoriasis drugs if you're getting cancer treatment. People with skin cancer also should avoid light therapy, which exposes your skin to ultraviolet rays. Psoriasis may make you more likely to have certain kinds of cancer, like lymphoma and skin cancer. Systemic drugs also appear to raise your risk of these.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have a weak immune system?

Answer: Radiation and chemotherapy weaken your immune system. When you take a drug that slows down your immune system, like cyclosporine, methotrexate, or biologic drugs, your body can't fight off infection like it normally would.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have kidney disease?

Answer: Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious. If you have severe kidney problems, you shouldn't take acitretin, cyclosporine, or methotrexate, and you should take a smaller-than-normal dose of apremilast ( Otezla).


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have an infection?

Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. If you have an active serious infection, you shouldn't take these. You should also be tested to see if you've been exposed to tuberculosis or are carrying hepatitis B. Many antibiotics that treat infections shouldn't be taken with systemic drugs. Some change how well your body absorbs the psoriasis drug. Others keep your kidneys from flushing the medicine from your system. That can let it build up to dangerous levels.


Question: What are the symptoms of a brain tumor in adults?

Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. Because different areas of the brain control different functions of the body, where the tumor lies affects the way symptoms are manifested. Some tumors have no symptoms until they are quite large and then cause a serious, rapid decline in health. Other tumors may have symptoms that develop slowly. A common initial symptom of a brain tumor is headaches. Often, they don't respond to the usual headache remedies. Keep in mind that most headaches are unrelated to brain tumors.


Question: How do primary brain tumors happen?

Answer: A primary brain tumor is one that originates in the brain, and most primary brain tumors are benign. The most common types of adult brain tumors are gliomas as in astrocytic tumors. These tumors form from astrocytes and other types of glial cells, which are cells that help keep nerves healthy.


Question: What is a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)?

Answer: Generally, a pulmonary nodule must grow to at least 1 cm in diameter before it can be seen on a chest X-ray. An SPN is surrounded by normal lung tissue and is not associated with any other abnormality in the lung or nearby lymph nodes (small, bean-shaped structures found throughout the body). However, the accuracy decreases (60%-80%) in nodules that are smaller than 2 cm in diameter.


Question: How is hormone therapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: The goal is to cut the supply of hormones that fuel your prostate cancer. Hormone therapy shuts down this process. It will: Dramatically lower your testosterone levels Prevent prostate cancer cells from using low levels of androgens Most doctors think it makes sense to start this type of treatment as soon as prostate cancer becomes advanced.


Question: What are newer types of hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Newer types of hormone therapy include: Abiraterone acetate ( Zytiga). It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies. Enzalutamide ( Xtandi): It's a pill that blocks cells from receiving androgens. It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies.


Question: How do you take hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: There are several hormone therapy drugs. Doctors implant others under your skin. Your doctor will set your drug schedule based on your particular needs and how your cancer responds. If you become resistant to hormone therapy or have problems with side effects, your doctor may try "intermittent therapy." This means you'll take the drugs for a while, then stop, then start again. This can improve your quality of life and make the hormone therapy work better.


Question: How is immunotherapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: It uses your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- to attack the cancer cells. Sipuleucel- T ( Provenge) is used to treat advanced prostate cancer. To make it, the doctor removes white blood cells from your blood. These go to a lab, where experts genetically engineer them to fight your prostate cancer. You then get these cancer-killing cells by IV injection in three separate treatments. If other treatments stop working and your cancer grows, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy.


Question: Are there in-home tests I can take to figure out if I have HIV?

Answer: A rapid antibody/antigen test can give you results in 20 minutes. One option is to prick your finger to get a small blood sample that you send to a lab. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). Maybe 1 in 12 people who are infected get a false negative from this test. You should get a lab test of your blood if it's positive. And in fact, the CDC recommends that all persons in the United States between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once.


Question: How do  antibody/antigen combination tests help diagnose HIV?

Answer: The CDC recommends these blood tests. They can detect HIV earlier than antibody screening tests. They check for HIV antigen, a protein called p24 that's part of the virus that shows up 2-4 weeks after infection. They also check for HIV antibodies. You get a result in 20 minutes.


Question: How do I know if I have HIV?

Answer: Most can't detect HIV right away, because it takes time for your body to make antibodies or for enough virus to grow inside you. It may be up to 6 months before you'll see a positive result, which means an early test could be negative even though you're infected. If you do have the virus, finding out quickly means you can start treatment to help you live a long and full life. You can also take precautions so that you don't pass HIV to other people. Some immunoassay tests check urine or fluids from your mouth (not saliva), but there aren't as many antibodies in these, so you may not get a positive result even if you're infected. If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure.


Question: How does an RNA test help diagnose HIV?

Answer: Usually, a technician will take a small blood sample and send it to a lab for testing. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure.


Question: What are the benefits of kicking the tobacco habit?

Answer: Regardless of how long you have used tobacco products, quitting now can greatly reduce serious risks to your health. Eleven years after quitting, former smokers' likelihood of having periodontal (gum) disease was not significantly different from people who never smoked. They state that: About 90% of people with cancer of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat use tobacco, and the risk of developing these cancers increases with the amount smoked or chewed and the duration of the habit. Smokers are six times more likely than nonsmokers to develop these cancers. About 37% of patients who persist in smoking after apparent cure of their cancer will develop second cancers of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, compared with only 6% of those who stop smoking.


Question: Are smokeless tobacco products less likely to harm your dental health than cigarettes?

Answer: Like cigars and cigarettes, smokeless tobacco products (for example, snuff and chewing tobacco) contain at least 28 chemicals that have been shown to increase the risk of oral cancer and cancer of the throat and esophagus. In fact, chewing tobacco contains higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes, making it harder to quit than cigarettes. Exposed roots are also more sensitive to hot and cold or other irritants, making eating and drinking uncomfortable. In addition, sugars, which are often added to enhance the flavor of smokeless tobacco, can increase your risk for tooth decay.


Question: How do you know if you have heart failure or a heart attack?

Answer: A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs. Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.


Question: What does heart failure feel like?

Answer: When they do appear, they can include things like: Shortness of breath Persistent cough or wheeze Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or belly Weight gain Fatigue Lack of appetite or nausea Faster heart rate Any one of these on their own may not signal heart failure, but talk to your doctor if you have more than one symptom. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis.


Question: What is osteopenia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Think of it as a midpoint between having healthy bones and having osteoporosis. Osteopenia is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis. Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. Osteopenia -- or seeing it turn into osteoporosis for that matter -- is not inevitable. This condition happens when your body gets rid of more bone than it is creating. Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition.


Question: What can you do to slow osteopenia?

Answer: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement. Weight lifting: You can do regular, weight-bearing exercises to prevent or slow osteopenia. Lifestyle changes: If you smoke, try to quit. Cut down on carbonated drinks and alcohol.


Question: Can you prevent osteopenia?

Answer: Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition. Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that's right for you.


Question: Who gets osteopenia?

Answer: Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. The exact age depends how strong your bones are when you're young. You're also more likely to get it if you're a woman. Calcium is the key to keeping bones healthy. Hormone changes that happen at menopause increase the chance for osteopenia for women, and men with lower testosterone levels have higher odds of getting it. People with this condition can damage their small intestine by eating foods with gluten in them.


Question: What should you do if you're claustrophobic and is about to take the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?

Answer: It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. You may still be able to get the test. But keep these concerns in mind: Claustrophobia: Tell your doctor if you have fear of tight spaces. You may need to take medicine before the test to calm your anxiety. The MRI technologist does not provide this medicine, so you'll need to mention it to your doctor beforehand.


Question: What should you do if you have allergic reaction and is about to take the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?

Answer: It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. It's called a contrast agent, and it helps make the images of your knee even clearer. Allergic reaction: If you get the contrast dye before the exam, there is a small risk you could have an allergic reaction. Your medical team can treat it quickly with medications, so be sure to tell the doctor or MRI technologist if you have any allergic symptoms, such as itching, a skin rash, trouble breathing, or a change in your heartbeat.


Question: How is arachnoiditis diagnosed?

Answer: Infection from bacteria or viruses: Infections such as viral and fungal meningitis or tuberculosis can affect the spine. A test called an electromyogram ( EMG) can assess the severity of the ongoing damage to affected nerve roots by using electrical impulses to check nerve function. Note: Myelograms with the radiographic contrast currently in use, combined with CAT scanning, are not considered to be responsible for causing arachnoiditis or causing it to worsen.


Question: What is arachnoiditis?

Answer: It is characterized by severe stinging, burning pain, and neurological problems. Inflammation of the arachnoid can lead to the formation of scar tissue and can cause the spinal nerves to stick together and malfunction.


Question: What is porphyria?

Answer: If your doctor tells you that you have porphyria, it means you have one of a group of disorders that can cause nerve or skin problems. There's no cure, but you can get treatments that will help you manage your symptoms. If you have porphyria that affects your skin, you'll hear your doctor call it a "cutaneous porphyria." When the condition causes a problem with your nervous system, it's called "acute porphyria." One common type of cutaneous porphyria, known as porphyria cutanea tarda, is sometimes passed through genes but can also be what doctors call an "acquired disease." It also offers support for caregivers.


Question: What causes porphyria cutanea tarda?

Answer: Most types of porphyria are inherited. That means one or both of your parents passes a mutated gene to you that leads to the disease. These triggers can be things like: Drinking alcohol Estrogen use by women Hepatitis C HIV Smoking Episodes of acute porphyria, which rarely happen before puberty, can be set off by taking some kinds of drugs, including: Barbiturates Sulfa antibiotics Birth control pills Seizure medicines Other things that might trigger acute porphyria are: Fasting Smoking Drinking alcohol Infections Menstrual hormones Stress Being in the sun The symptoms of acute porphyria can develop quickly and last for days or weeks.


Question: What causes porphyria?

Answer: No matter what kind of porphyria you have, it has the same root cause: a problem with how your body makes a substance called heme. Heme is part of the "hemoglobin" in your blood -- proteins that carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body. Heme has iron and gives blood its red color. It's made in your liver and bone marrow -- the spongy center of your bones. This shortage leads to a buildup of certain chemicals, called porphyrins, that help make heme. The type of porphyria you have is linked to the specific enzyme that your body lacks. Most types of porphyria are inherited.


Question: How common is male sexual dysfunction?

Answer: Problems with sexual functioning are common, affecting more than half of all couples at some time. If your sexual problem only occurs under a particular set of circumstances, or only with certain sexual partners, then your condition is considered to be "situational" rather than "generalized" (occurring regardless of the circumstances or partner).


Question: How common is diabetes and how often does diabetes cause complications?

Answer: Having the disease makes you more likely to get some serious complications. The combination of the two can even make some health problems worse. Doctors still have a lot to learn about the connection, but the best way to reduce your odds of getting it is to keep your diabetes under control.


Question: Can diabetes put me at risk for having the flu?

Answer: That's because both diabetes and age weaken your immune system, making you less able to fight infections. If you come down with the flu, call the doctor.


Question: What is macular degeneration?

Answer: More than 2 million adult Americans suffer from glaucoma, making it one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Because the symptoms usually do not appear in people under 55 years of age, the disorder is more accurately referred to as age-related macular degeneration ( AMD). Since the macula is the central part of the retina, AMD affects central vision, the detailed vision you need for driving, reading, and close work like sewing. If you were looking at a photograph, you would not be able to see the middle of the picture but could still see the edges (preserved peripheral vision). The disorder occurs in two forms, dry and wet. The less common wet form of AMD requires immediate medical attention. Any delay in treatment may result in loss of your central vision.


Question: What are the different types of glaucoma?

Answer: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have to do with the way the eye brings images into focus on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of delicate nerve tissue make up the retina. More than 2 million adult Americans suffer from glaucoma, making it one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Types of glaucoma include the following: Chronic open-angle glaucoma ( COAG), which accounts for 90% of all cases in the U. S., usually appears in middle age and seems to have a genetic component. Closed-angle glaucoma can be either chronic and acute. Chronic is a slow progression of the disease, but it can turn into a sudden emergency. With acute, there is sudden pain and blurred vision, and you need immediate medical attention. Secondary glaucoma is associated with other eye diseases or medical conditions, trauma to the eye, or the use of steroid drugs. Regular eye checkups usually include measuring eye pressure and other tests in order to identify glaucoma. Unfortunately, half of all Americans with high eye pressure are unaware of the problem.


Question: What are the risk factors for retinal detachment?

Answer: If the retina is not reattached to the eye wall promptly, retinal cells starve and permanent blindness can result. Risk factors for retinal detachment include the following: Moderate or extreme nearsightedness Previous eye surgery or injury Previous retinal detachment Inherited thinness of retinal tissue Color blindness is most commonly a disorder of the retina's light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, which respond to different colored light rays. Although infectious conjunctivitis can be highly contagious, it is rarely serious and will not usually harm vision permanently if detected and treated promptly.


Question: What is nearsightedness and farsightedness like?

Answer: The further away images focus from the retina, the blurrier they appear. Damage to the delicate nerve layers of the retina are caused by elevated pressure inside the eye.


Question: What are the symptoms of an acute closed-angle glaucoma?

Answer: Closed-angle glaucoma can be either chronic and acute. If you have sudden, severe pain in your eyes, blurred vision, or rainbow halos -- along with headache, nausea, or vomiting.


Question: What other eye conditions can lead to vision problems?

Answer: Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are disorders of the functional eye and its processing units. There are other eye conditions that respond in varying degrees to medical and surgical treatment. The most common of these eye problems include: Cataracts Conjunctivitis, or pink eye Glaucoma Crossed or out-turned eyes (strabismus) Lazy eye (amblyopia) Macular degeneration The lens of the human eye focuses light so that you can see objects clearly at various distances. Not every case of strabismus develops amblyopia, and not all cases of amblyopia are due to strabismus.


Question: What are vision problems?

Answer: The most common forms of vision impairment are errors of refraction -- the way light rays are focused inside the eye so images can be transmitted to the brain. Nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are examples of refractive disorders and often occur when the eyes are otherwise healthy. Refractive errors are correctable usually with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, such as LASIK. Other vision problems may be related to eye disease. Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are disorders of the functional eye and its processing units. These problems can lead to blurry or defective vision. The goals of treatment depend on the eye disease and may include restoring vision, halting vision loss, and preserving remaining eyesight. Any problems that are identified need to be addressed in order to preserve good eyesight in both eyes.


Question: What causes amblyopia (lazy eye)?

Answer: Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7. As long as the underlying eye problem remains untreated, the vision in the weaker eye does not develop fully. Lazy eye can also result from other eye problems, such as: Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid). A significant refractive error in one eye.


Question: How do I know if I have acute closed-angle glaucoma?

Answer: Closed-angle glaucoma can be either chronic and acute. If you have sudden, severe pain in your eyes, blurred vision, or rainbow halos -- along with headache, nausea, or vomiting.


Question: What is chronic open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have to do with the way the eye brings images into focus on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of delicate nerve tissue make up the retina. Types of glaucoma include the following: Chronic open-angle glaucoma ( COAG), which accounts for 90% of all cases in the U. S., usually appears in middle age and seems to have a genetic component. Most COAG patients have no symptoms whatsoever and can experience profound loss of visual function before it is identified. Regular eye checkups usually include measuring eye pressure and other tests in order to identify glaucoma. Unfortunately, half of all Americans with high eye pressure are unaware of the problem.


Question: Who can get macular degeneration?

Answer: More than 2 million adult Americans suffer from glaucoma, making it one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Because the symptoms usually do not appear in people under 55 years of age, the disorder is more accurately referred to as age-related macular degeneration ( AMD).


Question: What could happen if the retina is detached?

Answer: If the retina is not reattached to the eye wall promptly, retinal cells starve and permanent blindness can result. Risk factors for retinal detachment include the following: Moderate or extreme nearsightedness Previous eye surgery or injury Previous retinal detachment Inherited thinness of retinal tissue Color blindness is most commonly a disorder of the retina's light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, which respond to different colored light rays. Although infectious conjunctivitis can be highly contagious, it is rarely serious and will not usually harm vision permanently if detected and treated promptly.


Question: What is opthalmia neonatorum?

Answer: It must be treated immediately by a doctor to prevent permanent eye damage or blindness. These infants may have infections elsewhere, such as in the lungs. Congenital glaucoma is a rare problem in babies and requires surgery to preserve eyesight.


Question: What happens if amblyopia is not treated?

Answer: Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7. As long as the underlying eye problem remains untreated, the vision in the weaker eye does not develop fully.


Question: What is retinal detachment?

Answer: Nearsightedness and farsightedness have to do with the way the eye brings images into focus on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of delicate nerve tissue make up the retina. Unlike wallpaper, however, there is no glue. Small holes can develop in areas where the retina is exceptionally thin or damaged. If that happens, the clear liquid vitreous that fills the eye can seep behind the retina and cause the wallpaper to come off. This is retinal detachment. Color vision works much the same way because visible light is a mixture of different light rays (wavelengths).


Question: How can estrogen pills, gel, or patch prevent menstrual migraine attacks?

Answer: A menstrual migraine can strike around the start of your period. You can prevent them by taking a steady dose of estrogen throughout your menstrual cycle. If you have migraine with aura, talk to your doctor before you start taking estrogen -- it may raise your odds for a stroke.


Question: How can magnesium help with menstrual migraines?

Answer: Some of the medicines that relieve the pain of regular migraine symptoms don't work on menstrual migraine. You can prevent them by taking a steady dose of estrogen throughout your menstrual cycle. You start them 2 days before you usually get a migraine and keep taking them for 6 to 7 days total.


Question: How can you prevent migraines during your period?

Answer: Some of the medicines that relieve the pain of regular migraine symptoms don't work on menstrual migraine. You can try a few different approaches to preventing your menstrual migraine. Work with your doctor to figure out which one is best for you. Talk to your doctor about whether these medications might help you stop your headaches before they start. You typically take them twice a day starting 2 to 3 days before your period begins, and then for another 3 to 5 days after it arrives. Your doctor can prescribe these drugs to treat a migraine once it's started, but they also prevent menstrual migraine headaches. Some research has linked the onset of a migraine to low levels of this mineral.


Question: What medications can you use to prevent menstrual migraines?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about whether these medications might help you stop your headaches before they start. Triptans.


Question: What drugs can prevent menstrual migraine headaches?

Answer: Take estrogen during the days when you'd normally skip pills or take inactive ones. If your periods don't come on schedule or you also get migraine headaches at other times in your menstrual cycle, you can take preventive medicine every day. Drugs that prevent migraine headaches include: Some types of antidepressants Some types of antiseizure medicines Blood pressure medicines such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers CGRP inhibitors, these are a new class of preventive medicine Devices which may be used for treatment or prevention include:.


Question: What are indoor cycling classes?

Answer: Many gyms offer indoor cycling classes. Or you can join one of the popular cycling boutiques, like Flywheel, which combines indoor cycling with a weighted workout for your arms, or Soul Cycle, which adds mind-body exercise to its bike routine. By the end of the workout, you may feel like you've been through a real adventure. Legs: Yes. All that pedaling will boost your muscle strength and endurance.


Question: How can I get the most out of an indoor cycling class?

Answer: Plan to do 3-5 classes a week for best results. Sometimes you'll get off the saddle and pedal in a standing position. There's a bike for each person in the class. They usually face the same direction, either toward the instructor or a mirror. Your heart rate will soar and stay elevated for 45-60 minutes. There will be brief moments of slower pedaling, but most of the class will be steady work. Cost: Plan to pay for a gym membership or class fees.


Question: What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer: This group of rare diseases affects adult men and women. The disease progresses slowly and causes less severe muscle weakness than some other forms of muscular dystrophy.


Question: What is oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy?

Answer: This form of muscular dystrophy appears in the teens to early adulthood and affects males and females. Oculopharyngeal. Weakness in pelvic and shoulder muscles may occur later. Choking and recurrent pneumonia may occur.


Question: Who is most likely to have muscular dystrophy?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are nine major forms of muscular dystrophy: Myotonic Duchenne Becker Limb-girdle Facioscapulohumeral Congenital Oculopharyngeal Distal Emery- Dreifuss Muscular dystrophy can appear in infancy up to middle age or later, and its form and severity are determined in part by the age at which it occurs. Some types of muscular dystrophy affect only males; some people with MD enjoy a normal life span with mild symptoms that progress very slowly; others experience swift and severe muscle weakness and wasting, dying in their late teens to early 20s. The various types of MD affect more than 50,000 Americans. Through advances in medical care, children with muscular dystrophy are living longer than ever before. Those with Duchenne MD usually die in their late teens or early 20s.


Question: How does clostridium perfringens cause food poisoning?

Answer: Foods made in bulk are problematic, too. You may have cramps and diarrhea but no other symptoms. You get sick within 6-24 hours and are usually feeling better in a couple of days. You can get this from undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, sprouts, or any food or liquid that has had contact with animal feces or sewage.


Question: How do I keep track of how much medication is in my hydrofluoroalkane inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Check the side of the canister for the number of puffs it contains. Then keep track of how many times you use it each day. This way, you can estimate when your HFA is likely to run out. Put that date right on the canister. Some HFAs contain a color-coded side window that indicates when the medication is running out. If so, ask your doctor about HFAs that count the puffs each time you press the inhaler. Or ask about getting two inhalers at a time. When one runs out, get a refill so you always have an inhaler handy. Throw away the HFA when it is empty, even if it continues to spray.


Question: What is a dry powder inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: A hydrofluoroalkane inhaler is a handheld device that delivers a specific amount of medication in aerosol form, rather than as a pill or capsule. A DPI delivers medication to the lungs as you inhale through it. It doesn't contain propellants or other ingredients -- just your medication.


Question: What are the risk factors for chronic pancreatitis?

Answer: Another top cause is drinking lots of alcohol for a long period of time. People with chronic pancreatitis are usually men between ages 30 and 40.


Question: What causes pancreatitis?

Answer: Diarrhea and weight loss because your pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to break down food Upset stomach and vomiting Acute pancreatitis causes include: Autoimmune diseases Drinking lots of alcohol Infections Gallstones Medications Metabolic disorders Surgery Trauma In up to 15% of people with acute pancreatitis, the cause is unknown. Chronic pancreatitis causes include: Cystic fibrosis Family history of pancreas disorders Gallstones High triglycerides Longtime alcohol use Medications In about 20% to 30% of cases, the cause of chronic pancreatitis is unknown. Pain medicine If your case is more severe, your treatment might include: ERCP to take out gallstones if they're blocking your bile or pancreatic ducts Gallbladder surgery if gallstones caused your pancreatitis Pancreas surgery to clean out fluid or dead or diseased tissue Treatment for chronic pancreatitis If you have chronic pancreatitis, you might need more treatments, including: Insulin to treat diabetes Pain medicine Pancreatic enzymes to help your body get enough nutrients from your food Surgery or procedures to relieve pain, help with drainage, or treat blockages Because many cases of pancreatitis are caused by alcohol abuse, prevention often focuses on limiting how much you drink or not drinking at all.


Question: How is chronic pancreatitis treated?

Answer: It releases insulin and glucagon into your bloodstream. Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis are similar to those of acute pancreatitis. Treatment for acute pancreatitis You'll probably need to stay in the hospital, where your treatment may include: Antibiotics if your pancreas is infected Intravenous ( IV) fluids, given through a needle Low-fat diet or fasting. Pain medicine If your case is more severe, your treatment might include: ERCP to take out gallstones if they're blocking your bile or pancreatic ducts Gallbladder surgery if gallstones caused your pancreatitis Pancreas surgery to clean out fluid or dead or diseased tissue Treatment for chronic pancreatitis If you have chronic pancreatitis, you might need more treatments, including: Insulin to treat diabetes Pain medicine Pancreatic enzymes to help your body get enough nutrients from your food Surgery or procedures to relieve pain, help with drainage, or treat blockages Because many cases of pancreatitis are caused by alcohol abuse, prevention often focuses on limiting how much you drink or not drinking at all. Stop smoking, follow your doctor's and dietitian's advice about your diet, and take your medications so you'll have fewer and milder attacks of pancreatitis.


Question: Are biologics effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The goal is to control inflammation to ease joint pain and other symptoms, and to slow down or stop joint damage. Though it may take some time to find the one that works best for you, most people eventually have some improvement in their RA symptoms. Studies show that these improvements usually last, and that they can help you move better and handle your daily activities.


Question: How is jumper's knee treated?

Answer: Certain "loading" exercises may be prescribed. Stretching: Stretch (1) flexors of the hip and knee (hamstrings, gastrocnemius, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, adductors), (2) extensors of the hip and knee (quadriceps, gluteals), (3) the iliotibial band (a large tendon on the outside of the hip and upper leg), and (4) the surrounding tissues and structures of the kneecap. Some athletes will not be able to continue to participate in activities that worsen or prevent recovery from the problem.


Question: What is the relationship between Ashkenazi Jews and colorectal cancer?

Answer: These patients are also at increased risk of bowel cancer. This is thought to be due to a variant of the APC gene that is found in 6% of this population. Ashkenazi Jews make up the majority of the Jewish population in the U. S. If you suspect that you are at risk for an inherited form of colorectal cancer, talk to your doctor. There may be a genetic test that can be performed to confirm your suspicions.


Question: What are other forms of inherited colorectal cancer?

Answer: The two most common inherited colorectal cancer syndromes are hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ( HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP). Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of more than hundreds or even thousands of benign polyps, or growths in the large intestine and upper respiratory tract. Families in which this gene mutation occurs may or may not have one or more family members with colorectal cancer or polyps. Presence of polyps, or growths that can become cancer. Patients with PJS typically develop dozens to thousands of benign polyps, or growths, in the stomach and intestines, primarily in the small intestine. Jewish people who are Ashkenazi, or of Eastern European descent, are at increased risk for colorectal cancer.


Question: When should you see a doctor about a herniated disk or degenerative disk disease?

Answer: If the pain gets worse, or you have numbness or weakness that goes into your shoulders, arm, or hand, see a doctor immediately. The doctor will ask you about your medical history to find out how long you've had the pain and what activities help or worsen the pain. You may need tests such as an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan to see what the problem is and exactly where it's located. You might be a good candidate for surgery if your neck pain is severe and hasn't gotten better after a few months of treatment, or if you have pain, numbness, or weakness in your shoulders, arms, or hands.


Question: What causes Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

Answer: In some cases, it could be caused by: Lack of oxygen during birth Severe brain injuries linked with pregnancy or birth, such as low birth weight or premature birth Brain infections (such as encephalitis, meningitis, or rubella) Seizures that start in infancy, called infantile spasms or West's syndrome A brain problem called cortical dysplasia, where some nerve fibers in the brain don't line up right during development in the womb Tuberous sclerosis, where non-cancerous tumors form in many places throughout the body, including the brain Genetics Children with LGS have frequent and severe seizures. Do you know if your child has any brain injuries?


Question: Can diet help Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

Answer: Diets A special high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, called the ketogenic diet, helps some people with epilepsy, including some children with LGS. It's a high-fat, low-protein, low-carb diet. It has to be started in a specific way and followed very strictly, so you need a doctor's supervision. Doctors aren't sure why the ketogenic diet works, but some studies show that children with epilepsy who stay on the diet have a better chance of reducing their seizures or their medications. For some kids, a modified Atkins diet may work, too. You don't have to restrict calories, protein, or fluids. Also, you don't weigh or measure foods. Instead, you monitor carbohydrates. People with seizures that are hard to treat have also tried a low glycemic index diet. This diet focuses on the type of carbs, as well as the amount, that someone eats.


Question: What are symptoms of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

Answer: Tonic seizures. In some children, the first sign of LGS is an ongoing seizure that lasts 30 minutes, or continuous seizures without full recovery between them. This is called status epilepticus, and it is a medical emergency. People with LGS may also have slower reaction time. Some have problems learning and processing information. They may have behavioral problems, too.


Question: What types of surgery treat Lennox-Gastatut syndrome?

Answer: Surgery If medications and other treatments aren't reducing the number of seizures, your doctor may suggest surgery. The vagus nerve stimulator is a small device placed in the arm or near the chest. It sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, which runs from the abdomen to the brain. Corpus callosotomy divides the left and right hemispheres of the brain. That keeps seizures that start in one part of the brain from spreading to the opposite side.


Question: What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

Answer: Children with LGS have learning difficulties and developmental delays (like sitting, crawling, walking) that can be moderate to severe. They can also have behavioral problems. Each child develops differently, and it's impossible to predict how a child with LGS will do. While most children have ongoing seizures and some form of learning disability, some may respond well to treatment and have fewer seizures. And they often have different kinds of seizures, including: Atonic seizures. That keeps seizures that start in one part of the brain from spreading to the opposite side. To learn more about Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, you can visit the web site of the LGS Foundation.


Question: Can I exercise if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: Being active is a good way to help manage your blood sugar. Staying fit during pregnancy is also good for your posture and can curb some common problems, like backaches and fatigue. So when you work out, always have a form of quick sugar with you, such as glucose tablets or hard candy.


Question: What conditions raise the chances for broken heart syndrome?

Answer: Folks with certain other conditions may have a greater risk of it. They include: A head injury or seizure disorder like epilepsy A psychiatric disorder like anxiety or depression You're not more likely to get broken heart syndrome if you have a history of heart disease. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome. It can also help to see if lung problems are the cause of your symptoms.


Question: What are symptoms of broken heart syndrome?

Answer: You've heard people talking about having a broken heart. This can cause chest pain. You may feel like you are having a heart attack. You may also have: Dizziness or fainting Low blood pressure Nausea An irregular heartbeat Usually symptoms start anywhere up to a few hours after you've had stress or shock. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome.


Question: Who gets broken heart syndrome?

Answer: Women are much more likely to have broken heart syndrome than men, especially women who are over 50. This could be a result of lower estrogen levels, but doctors aren't sure. Experts also believe that genetics may make some people more likely to get broken heart syndrome. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome.


Question: How soon can you recover from broken heart syndrome?

Answer: Other things that can trigger it include: Surgery Serious illness Money problems Car accidents Emotional memories It can even happen after a good shock, like winning the lottery or a surprise party. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome. Still, people who survive the initial stun to the heart typically get better within 4-8 weeks.


Question: What medicines can help with treating broken heart syndrome?

Answer: That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome. It can also help to see if lung problems are the cause of your symptoms. Broken heart syndrome is treatable. Your doctor will prescribe medicines used to treat things like heart failure. For example: ACE inhibitors Beta-blockers Diuretics (water pills) These drugs can help your heart while it recovers.


Question: What tests can diagnose broken heart syndrome?

Answer: Your doctor will do one of these to look for any problems with your heart's rhythm and structure. The results will let them know if your symptoms are from a heart attack. Blood tests. Many of them can show damage to the heart. Coronary angiogram. This test looks at coronary artery disease. Folks with broken heart symptoms typically don't. Echocardiogram. This ultrasound shows your doctor if you have an enlarged heart or if your heart has an abnormal shape while it pumps. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome. Radionuclide perfusion imaging. A similar test to an echocardiogram, this helps show which areas of the heart muscles get blood normally through the coronary arteries. It also lets your doctor know where you could have heart damage. Chest X-ray. This can show if you have an enlarged heart or if it has an abnormal shape. It can also help to see if lung problems are the cause of your symptoms.


Question: What happens when you have broken heart syndrome?

Answer: This can cause chest pain. The momentary "freezing" or "stunning" of your heart can bring circulation problems. If broken heart syndrome is not treated, it can be as deadly as a heart attack. Experts also believe that genetics may make some people more likely to get broken heart syndrome. That last one can be a sign of broken heart syndrome.


Question: What is broken heart syndrome?

Answer: It's triggered by very stressful situations, like the death of someone you love. Your doctor may call this stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Other things that can trigger it include: Surgery Serious illness Money problems Car accidents Emotional memories It can even happen after a good shock, like winning the lottery or a surprise party. Broken heart syndrome is treatable.


Question: What causes mononucleosis?

Answer: In general, the Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) is what causes mono. It's a common virus that many people are exposed to as kids. In the U. S., about 85% to 90% of adults are infected with the virus by the time they're age 40. Usually, the infection happens before a child becomes a teen. EBV is the most common cause of mono, but other viruses can cause it, too. Others have no symptoms at all. EBV can stay in your saliva for months after you're infected, so even if you don't have symptoms or feel sick, you may be able to spread it.


Question: How does smoking raise my odds of having a stroke?

Answer: If you have high blood pressure, work with your doctor to keep your pressure in the healthy range. It can boost your chances a stroke by keeping you from getting enough oxygen and raising your blood pressure.


Question: Does snoring raise your chances of a stroke?

Answer: High blood sugar can make you 2-4 times more likely to have a stroke. It can boost your chances a stroke by keeping you from getting enough oxygen and raising your blood pressure.


Question: How are alcohol use and stroke related?

Answer: Drinking too much can cause AFib, too -- binge drinking (downing 4-5 drinks within 2 hours) can trigger an irregular heartbeat. Too much of this can clog your arteries and lead to heart attack and stroke.


Question: How does physical therapy help people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: These health care professionals teach people with fibromyalgia how to build strength and improve their range of motion. And they can help people with fibromyalgia learn how to make sensible decisions about daily activities that will help prevent painful flare-ups. With these tools, physical therapists can help people with fibromyalgia use their muscles, stretch for flexibility, and move their joints through range-of-motion exercises. Moist heat may give relief to fibromyalgia's chronic muscle pain or trigger point pain.


Question: How can a physical therapist help my fibromyalgia?

Answer: If you have fibromyalgia, this allows the therapist to develop specific stretching and strengthening programs to meet your individual needs. It is also helpful to find a therapist who has experience in dealing with fibromyalgia.