Question: How is bigeminy diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will want to find out if another health issue is causing your bigeminy. She may order tests that check your electrolyte levels and how well your thyroid is working. You may also be asked to have a Holter monitor test or echocardiogram (your doctor might call this an echo). Both of these tests are used to gather more information about how your heart is acting. Your doctor may also want you to take an exercise stress test. This will help her see if physical activity makes your bigeminy worse.


Question: How is bigeminy treated?

Answer: Lifestyle changes can also keep this abnormal heart rhythm from getting worse. Your doctor will address any issue, such as an electrolyte imbalance or overactive thyroid, that could be causing the bigeminy. But if you don't have any symptoms and your heart is working as it should, you may not need treatment. You'll also want to avoid caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and recreational drugs, since these can all make PVCs more severe. If your bigeminy is having a severe effect on your heart, you could need cardiac ablation.


Question: How do hormones help with endometriosis?

Answer: Hormonal therapy is used to minimize the amount of estrogen your body creates, and to prevent your menstrual period. This helps lesions bleed less, which decreases inflammation, scarring, and cyst formation. Common hormones prescribed include: Birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( Gn- RH) agonists and antagonists (elagolix sodium/ Orilissa, leuprolide/ Lupron and Synarel) Progestin-only contraceptives.


Question: What are symptoms of endometriosis?

Answer: Many times, endometriosis has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include: Abdominal cramps or back pain during menstruation Severe menstrual cramps Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation Abnormal or heavy bleeding during periods Painful sex Difficulty becoming pregnant Doctors don't know exactly what causes endometriosis.


Question: How do you treat endometriosis?

Answer: There are several things she can do to determine if you have endometriosis, including: Pelvic exam and history Ultrasound exam MRI Laparoscopy Biopsy There is no known cure for endometriosis. Treatments usually include surgery or medication to manage symptoms.


Question: How do you diagnose endometriosis?

Answer: If you have any symptoms of endometriosis or are having difficulty becoming pregnant, contact your gynecologist. There are several things she can do to determine if you have endometriosis, including: Pelvic exam and history Ultrasound exam MRI Laparoscopy Biopsy There is no known cure for endometriosis.


Question: What causes endometriosis?

Answer: When symptoms are present, they may include: Abdominal cramps or back pain during menstruation Severe menstrual cramps Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation Abnormal or heavy bleeding during periods Painful sex Difficulty becoming pregnant Doctors don't know exactly what causes endometriosis. Some experts think that menstrual blood with endometrial cells travels back through the fallopian tubes and passes out into the pelvic cavity where the cells stick to the organs. This is known as retrograde menstruation. Genetics may also play a role in whether you get endometriosis. If your mom or sister have it, you're more likely to get it, also. And research shows that when there is a hereditary link, the disease seems to be worse in the next generation. Some women with endometriosis also have immune system disorders. But doctors aren't sure whether this is a cause or an effect of the endometriosis.


Question: What surgery do you get for endometriosis?

Answer: Pain medication. For some cases, surgery to remove as much of your endometriosis as possible may be necessary. Your doctor can perform surgery laparoscopically, which is less invasive, or through standard abdominal procedures, so be sure to discuss all of your options. In the most severe cases of endometriosis, a hysterectomy to remove the ovaries, uterus, and cervix may be the best option available. This is usually considered the last option, especially if you still want to have children.


Question: What is endometriosis?

Answer: If you have endometriosis, you know it causes pain and cramping, which can sometimes be severe, especially during your period. It can even create problems when you want to have a baby. Endometriosis occurs when tissue that should line the inside of your uterus, the endometrium, grows outside of it instead. Even though the tissue is outside of your uterus, it still acts like it should during your menstrual cycles. However, the blood from this tissue has no place to go.


Question: What do I do if medication is causing dry mouth?

Answer: Generally, treatment of a dry mouth focuses on three areas: Managing underlying medical conditions causing the dry mouth Preventing tooth decay Increasing the flow of saliva, if possible If dry mouth is caused by something like medication -- it is a common side effect of drugs used to treat depression, anxiety, pain, allergies (antihistamines and decongestants), diarrhea, urinary incontinence, and Parkinson's disease -- your dentist or doctor will consider making a change. That may mean trying a different medication or adjusting the dosage.


Question: What are artificial saliva products?

Answer: Learn more about tooth decay If you have dry mouth, your dentist or doctor may recommend the use of artificial saliva products. These products are available over-the-counter in a rinse or spray. Toothpastes, mouthwashes, and moisturizing gels that are specially formulated for dry mouth are also available; ask your dentist or doctor about these products.


Question: How can you minimize dry mouth?

Answer: To minimize dry mouth: Drink water frequently to keep your mouth moist and loosen mucus. Carry water with you to sip throughout the day and keep water by your bed at night. Suck on sugar-free hard candies, ice chips, or sugar-free popsicles. Moisten foods with broths, soups, sauces, gravy, creams, and butter or margarine. Eat soft, moist foods that are cool or at room temperature. Avoid commercial mouth rinses or mouthwashes that contain alcohol or peroxide. Avoid drinks containing alcohol or caffeine (for example, coffees, teas, some colas, chocolate-containing drinks). Also avoid acidic beverages, such as any fruit juices (orange, apple, grape, grapefruit) and tomato juice. Other tips to reduce irritation associated with dry mouth include: Minimize your intake of spicy or salty foods as these may cause pain in a dry mouth.


Question: What are rashes caused by HIV opportunistic infections?

Answer: These can include: Molluscum contagiosum: This viral skin infection causes small, flesh-colored bumps that can appear anywhere on your body, though usually not on your hands or the soles of your feet.


Question: What does a rash caused by HIV infection look like?

Answer: Usually, it's: On the trunk or face, and sometimes on the hands and feet Red on people with light skin or more purple on people with dark skin The rash appears when your body tries to fight off the virus. Other symptoms of early HIV infection include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, and diarrhea. These typically last about 2 weeks.


Question: What can you do about an HIV-related rash?

Answer: If you're not sure what's causing your rash, see your doctor. Talk with your doctor about over-the-counter medication, such as antihistamine or hydrocortisone, to help with itching. Don't take hot showers or baths. Stay out of direct sunlight.


Question: How do you treat an HIV infection rash?

Answer: Because these symptoms look and feel like other common ailments (such as the flu or an allergic reaction) and disappear quickly, many people don't realize they can be signs of an HIV infection. A blood test can easily tell if you have the virus. Once these early symptoms go away, you may not notice any others until much later. Medication can help control the virus, but an HIV infection can develop into AIDS if it's not treated. It's best to see a doctor quickly if you think you have shingles.


Question: What should I do if my Crohn's disease doctor isn't right for me?

Answer: If your doctor doesn't hit the mark in all areas, these tips may help you: Bring questions. Come to your doctor visit with a list of things that are on your mind. Bring up the most pressing ones first. Your doctor or a staff member might also answer questions by email. Let you doctor know if you don't understand something or need something repeated. Ask anything -- no question is too basic. Be honest. Keep notes of your symptoms and the treatments you've tried, including over-the-counter drugs and nutrition supplements. Tell your doctor how you feel. And if you miss a dose of a prescribed drug, be sure to mention that. If you don't think your doctor is right for you, you can look for another one. Your insurance provider, regular doctor, friends, or the American College of Gastroenterology may be able to help you find one who specializes in treating Crohn's.


Question: What kind of doctor should I look for if I have Crohn's disease?

Answer: Or it may be severe and require complex treatment. In that case, the number one thing to look for is the right kind of gastroenterologist. A gastroenterologist is a doctor who specializes in digestion and problems in the gut. If you have severe Crohn's, find a gastroenterologist who specializes in inflammatory bowel disease. You can find one at most medical centers and teaching hospitals or through the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America. If you can't see a specialist, your primary care doctor may need to consult with one to plan your care.


Question: How can I avoid health problems caused by Crohn's disease?

Answer: Willing to treat Crohn's aggressively if necessary. The better your treatment is at keeping your gut from becoming inflamed, the more likely you are to avoid scarring and other health problems that Crohn's can cause. This helps you avoid hospital stays and surgeries and keep up with your job, family, and the things you enjoy.


Question: How helpful should my Crohn's disease doctor be?

Answer: You want a doctor who can explain your disease or answer your questions fully and clearly. If your doctor doesn't have enough time to answer your questions, make sure a nurse or other person in the office can.


Question: What should my Crohn's disease doctor discuss with me?

Answer: Looks beyond drug treatment. Your doctor should also talk to you about more than medications. You also need to discuss food and nutrition, helpful lifestyle habits like exercise and not smoking, and surgery if it could help you.


Question: How should the doctor treating my Crohn's disease help me?

Answer: Your Crohn's doctor should be willing to work with your primary care doctor, who is your partner for treating any other medical problems you may have. Your Crohn's doctor should also be able to refer you to people who will help you make other health changes such as quit smoking, get more exercise, or improve your diet.


Question: If I donât think my Crohn's doctor is right for me what should I do?

Answer: If you don't think your doctor is right for you, you can look for another one. Your insurance provider, regular doctor, friends, or the American College of Gastroenterology may be able to help you find one who specializes in treating Crohn's.


Question: What characteristics should I look for in my Crohn's doctor?

Answer: A good office staff. Does the staff answer your calls or return them right away? Are they polite and helpful? Insurance . Is the doctor on your insurance plan? Easy access. If your symptoms get worse, can you get in to see the doctor quickly? Does the doctor respond to your calls or emails. Come to your doctor visit with a list of things that are on your mind.


Question: What should I look for in a doctor to treat my Crohn's disease?

Answer: Background in treating Crohn's disease . Wants to work with your other doctors. Your Crohn's doctor should be willing to work with your primary care doctor, who is your partner for treating any other medical problems you may have. Someone you can talk to. A treatment style that works for you. A good office staff. Is the doctor on your insurance plan?


Question: How does abstinence work as birth control?

Answer: Not having sex, also called abstinence, is the only surefire way to avoid a pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, like HPV.


Question: How well do shots work as birth control for teens?

Answer: The shot is a drug called medroxyprogesterone ( Depo- Provera). It has a long-acting form of the hormone progestin that lasts about 3 months. If your teen chooses this option, she'll need to visit the doctor every 11-13 weeks for an injection. Girls who use this type of birth control might have lighter periods. But they could also gain weight and lose bone density. Only about 6 in every 100 females who choose this method get pregnant in the first year. That's a better success rate than birth control pills.


Question: What should I know about intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants as birth control?

Answer: Here are the basics: An IUD is a small, T-shaped device placed into the womb. It can stay there for 3-10 years, depending on the type. Some IUDs release hormones to provide more protection against pregnancy and to ease menstrual cramps. The implant is a plastic rod about the size of a match. It goes under the skin on your upper arm. It prevents pregnancies for up to 3 years. Each must be inserted by a health care provider. Neither will protect you against sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs). Male condoms are best for that.


Question: How can you choose the right birth control for your teen?

Answer: Some things to consider: Her overall health Cultural and religious preferences How well the method prevents pregnancy Whether it prevents STDs Ease of use Cost It can be hard to talk to your teen about sex and birth control. Her pediatrician or family doctor can help get the conversation started and either prescribe what she needs or refer you to a specialist. As of March 2016, teens in 21 states and the District of Columbia are able to decide for themselves if they want birth control. They don't need a parent's consent. While most birth control methods require the girl to take action, boys should take responsibility, too. They should wear a condom during sex to prevent pregnancy and the spread of STDs.


Question: How well do intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants work as a birth control?

Answer: Doctors often prescribe them first. You don't have to think about them in the heat of the moment or remember to take a pill every day. And they work extremely well at preventing pregnancies. Less than 1 in every 100 females with an IUD or birth control implant will get pregnant during a year. It has a long-acting form of the hormone progestin that lasts about 3 months.


Question: How well do patches work as birth control for teens?

Answer: You don't have to think about them in the heat of the moment or remember to take a pill every day. Your teen needs to stick it onto her body, usually the upper arm or her backside. She'll wear it for 3 weeks, then take a week off. That's when she should get her period. It doesn't prevent pregnancy as well as other methods. About 9 in every 100 users will get pregnant during the first year. Still, it's easier to use than birth control pills.


Question: What should you consider in choosing the right birth control?

Answer: If your teen chooses this option, she'll need to visit the doctor every 11-13 weeks for an injection. Some things to consider: Her overall health Cultural and religious preferences How well the method prevents pregnancy Whether it prevents STDs Ease of use Cost It can be hard to talk to your teen about sex and birth control.


Question: What is cardiac catheterization?

Answer: Cardiac catheterization (also called cardiac cath or coronary angiogram) is an invasive imaging procedure that allows your doctor to "see" how well your heart is supplied by blood vessels.


Question: What are the risks of cardiac cath?

Answer: Risks of a cardiac cath are uncommon but can include: Bleeding around the point of puncture Abnormal heart rhythms Blood clots Infection Allergic reaction to the dye Stroke Heart attack Perforation of a blood vessel Air embolism (introduction of air into a blood vessel, which can be life-threatening) Death Be sure to ask your doctor any questions you may have before undergoing the procedure.


Question: How long does a cardiac cath last?

Answer: A cardiac cath procedure usually takes about 30 minutes (and longer if you undergo an intervention), but the preparation and recovery time add several hours. Plan on being at the hospital all day for the procedure.


Question: Why do I need a cardiac cath?

Answer: Your doctor uses cardiac cath to: Evaluate or confirm the presence of heart disease (such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, or disease of the aorta) Evaluate heart muscle function Determine the need for further treatment (such as an interventional procedure or bypass surgery) At most medical centers, interventional procedures to open blocked arteries are performed after the diagnostic part of the cardiac cath is complete.


Question: How should I prepare for a cardiac cath?

Answer: For a cardiac cath, most people will need to have blood tests and an electrocardiogram. Your doctor or nurse will give you specific instructions about what you can and cannot eat or drink before the procedure. Tell your doctor all of the medications you are currently taking, including herbal products and dietary supplements. Ask your doctor what drugs should be taken on the day of your cardiac cath. You may be told to stop taking certain medications, such as Coumadin (a blood thinner), for a few days before the procedure. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how to adjust your diabetes drugs the day of your test. Tell your doctor and/or nurses if you are allergic to anything, especially iodine, shellfish, X-ray dye, latex, or rubber products (such as rubber gloves or balloons) or penicillin-type medications.


Question: What illnesses happen with depression?

Answer: It's common for people to have other medical or mental health problems along with depression, such as anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, phobias, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. If you or a loved one has symptoms of depression or another mental illness, talk to your doctor. Treatments can help.


Question: Is childhood depression common?

Answer: Childhood depression is different from the normal "blues" and everyday emotions most kids feel. If your child is sad, it doesn't necessarily mean he has depression. It's when the sadness stays with him day after day that depression may be an issue. Or, if your child has disruptive behavior that interferes with normal social activities, interests, schoolwork, or family life, that may also be signs of a problem.


Question: How do you know if you have depression?

Answer: According to the DSM-5, a manual doctors use to diagnose mental disorders, you have depression when you have five or more of these symptoms for at least 2 weeks: A depressed mood during most of the day, especially in the morning You feel tired or have a lack of energy almost every day. You feel worthless or guilty almost every day. You have a hard time focusing, remembering details, and making decisions. You can't sleep or you sleep too much almost every day. You have almost no interest or pleasure in many activities nearly every day. You think often about death or suicide (not just a fear of death). You feel restless or slowed down. You've lost or gained weight. You may also: Feel irritable and restless Lose pleasure in life Overeat or stop feeling hungry Have aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that don't go away or get better with treatment Have sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings While these symptoms are common, not everyone with depression will have the same ones.


Question: Are there different types of depression?

Answer: There are a few types of depressive disorders that doctors can diagnose, including: Unipolar major depression Persistent depressive disorder, also called dysthymia, when depression lasts for at least 2 years Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, when children and teens get extremely irritable, angry, and often have intense outbursts that are more severe than a child's typical reaction Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, when a woman has severe mood problems before her period, more intense than typical premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Substance-induced mood disorder ( SIMD), when symptoms happen while you're taking a drug or drinking alcohol or after you stop Depressive disorder due to another medical condition Other depressive disorders, such as minor depression Your depression may have other specific features, such as: Anxious distress.


Question: What is depression?

Answer: It's a normal reaction to loss or life's struggles. But when intense sadness -- including feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless -- lasts for many days to weeks and keeps you from living your life, it may be something more than sadness. You could have clinical depression -- a treatable medical condition. According to the DSM-5, a manual doctors use to diagnose mental disorders, you have depression when you have five or more of these symptoms for at least 2 weeks: A depressed mood during most of the day, especially in the morning You feel tired or have a lack of energy almost every day.


Question: Do symptoms of depression vary?

Answer: You may also: Feel irritable and restless Lose pleasure in life Overeat or stop feeling hungry Have aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that don't go away or get better with treatment Have sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings While these symptoms are common, not everyone with depression will have the same ones. How severe they are, how often they happen, and how long they last can vary. Your symptoms may also happen in patterns. For example, depression may come with a change in seasons (a condition formerly called seasonal affective disorder).


Question: What are the warning signs of suicide from depression?

Answer: Anybody who thinks or talks about harming themselves should be taken very seriously. Do not hesitate to call your local suicide hotline right away. Call 800- SUICIDE (800-784-2433); 800-273- TALK (800-273-8255); or, for the hotline for the hearing impaired, call 800-799-4889. Or contact a mental health professional ASAP. If you intend or have a plan to commit suicide, go to the emergency room right away. Warning signs include: Thoughts or talk of death or suicide Thoughts or talk of self-harm or harm to others Aggressive behavior or impulsiveness Watch for these signs if your child or teen starts taking antidepressants. In some cases, people under 25 may have more suicidal thoughts in the first weeks of taking these medicines or when they take a different dose.


Question: Where can I get help for depression?

Answer: If you or someone you know has symptoms of the condition, talk to your doctor. He can evaluate you and offer you treatment or refer you to a mental health professional.


Question: What is depression in teens like?

Answer: However, when the sadness lasts for more than 2 weeks and a teen has other symptoms of depression, then he may have a problem. Talk to your doctor and find out if your teen may be depressed. There is effective treatment that can help teens move beyond depression as they grow older. You can feel good after happy events, but you also feel hungrier, need to sleep a lot, and are sensitive to rejection.


Question: What tests might you get to help diagnose vasculitis?

Answer: These abnormalities include: Anemia A high white blood cell count A high platelet count Signs of kidney or liver problems Signs of an allergic reaction Inflammation Blood tests also can identify immune complexes or antibodies (ways the body fights off what it thinks is a threat) that cause vasculitis. Additional tests may include X-rays, tissue biopsies, blood vessel, and heart scans.


Question: How is vasculitis treated?

Answer: Vasculitis is a general term that refers to inflammation of blood vessels. When blood vessels become inflamed, they may become weakened, leak, stretch, and either increase in size or become narrow -- even to the point of closing entirely. Treatment for vasculitis depends entirely upon diagnosis and the affected organs. In other instances, when critical organs such as the lungs, brain, or kidneys are involved, aggressive and timely treatment is necessary. Treatment generally consists of corticosteroid medications (steroids).


Question: What causes vasculitis?

Answer: Vasculitis is a general term that refers to inflammation of blood vessels. When blood vessels become inflamed, they may become weakened, leak, stretch, and either increase in size or become narrow -- even to the point of closing entirely. Vasculitis can affect people of all ages, but there are types of vasculitis that occur in certain age groups more often than others. In a few cases, however, the origins may be traced to recent or ongoing infections, such as those caused by certain viruses. Occasionally, an allergic reaction to a medication may trigger vasculitis. For example, it could be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or SjÃ¶gren's syndrome. This medicine may be used along with steroids The outlook for someone with vasculitis varies, depending on the type of vasculitis the person has.


Question: Can ice or heat help treat pain or stiffness from rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They're classic remedies, and a lot of people swear by them. Put a cold compress or ice pack (wrapped in a towel) on your painful and swollen joint. Use the ice packs for 15 minutes at a time with 30-minute breaks in between. Moist heat can help relax muscles and ease aches, pain, and stiffness. Wrap a warm towel or pad around the area that hurts. Or try a warm bath or shower.


Question: Should I get more sleep if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you don't get enough shut-eye, you not only feel tired, but your joints will hurt too. To get a better night's sleep, go to bed and get up at the same time each day. Try to get some exercise every day. Avoid nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol. And don't forget to "unplug" your bedroom: Turn off TVs, computers, and phones. If you still need more help, talk to your doctor.


Question: Should I consider electrical stimulation if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: TENS is a small device that sends electrical signals into your body through electrodes placed on your skin near the area that hurts. It's not clear exactly how it works, but it gives some people relief. One theory is that it interrupts pain signals in your nerves. Another idea is that it triggers the release of endorphins -- chemicals that are your body's natural painkillers. A TENS unit in your home may get you through a flare-up. Most people hurt less while the device is on, but after they turn it off, the pain usually comes back.


Question: Should I try creams with capsaicin if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It's an ingredient in hot peppers. Studies show it can ease pain when you rub your joints with cream that's got some in it. One thing to keep in mind, though: At first you may feel more pain, but then it usually eases up.


Question: Should I get joint injections if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Steroid shots calm inflammation and pain quickly. Injections directly into your joint cause fewer side effects than corticosteroid pills. The downside? You can't get steroid shots more than once every 3 or 4 months, because they can weaken your bones and tissue. They're not a cure for RA, but they can help you get through a rough patch.


Question: What are treatment ideas to deal with pain or stiffness from rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Moist heat can help relax muscles and ease aches, pain, and stiffness. Talk to your doctor about how to be prepared.


Question: What are mental symptoms of Down syndrome?

Answer: While Down syndrome affects people both physically and mentally, it's very different for each person. The effects range from mild to moderate. Children with Down syndrome often take longer to reach important goals like crawling, walking, and talking. As they get older, it may take more time before they get dressed and use the toilet on their own. And in school, they may need extra help with things like learning to read and write. Some also have problems with behavior â they may not pay attention well, or they can be obsessive about some things. That's because it's harder for them to control their impulses, relate to others, and manage their feelings when they get frustrated. As adults, people with Down syndrome may learn to decide many things on their own, but will likely need help with more complex issues like birth control or managing money. Some may go to college, while others will need more day-to-day care.


Question: What are points to consider in treating pain in the elderly?

Answer: If you are an older person experiencing pain, keep in mind that you run a higher-than-average risk of side effects from all drugs, including analgesics like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). NSAIDs also are not recommended for people with kidney, liver, or heart issues and definitely should not be taken without first discussing it with your doctor.


Question: Why are some cases of pain in the elderly left untreated?

Answer: Many older adults feel pain is just a natural part of aging and don't tell their doctors about their problem. If you or someone you love is in pain, talk to a doctor. Although there are a number of pain relievers that are safe for older people, doctors must take special precautions when prescribing pain medication; older patients handle pain medication differently than younger patients. You may be a candidate for any of the pain-relieving therapies available.


Question: How does L-carnitine interact with other medicines?

Answer: If you take any medicines regularly, you must talk to your doctor before you start using L-carnitine supplements. They could interact with many drugs such as antibiotics for infections.


Question: What foods have carnitine in them?

Answer: A 4-ounce beef steak has an estimated 56 mg to 162 mg of carnitine. Carnitine is also found in smaller amounts in chicken, milk and dairy products, fish, beans, and avocado. Vegans tend to get less carnitine from foods, but their bodies usually produce enough anyway.


Question: What are side effects of taking L-carnitine?

Answer: Carnitine helps make energy in your body. However, studies have not found that it helps improve sports performance, muscle adaptions, or endurance. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, doctors don't recommend L-carnitine for pregnant women. If you take any medicines regularly, you must talk to your doctor before you start using L-carnitine supplements.


Question: Does L-carnitine help athletes?

Answer: However, studies have not found that it helps improve sports performance, muscle adaptions, or endurance. Carnitine is in many animal products.


Question: What is carnitine?

Answer: Most carnitine comes from the liver and kidneys, but you also get some from food. Most supplements contain one type of carnitine called L-carnitine. It's the same type that's in food. Carnitine is in many animal products.


Question: What can help with symptoms of surfer's eye?

Answer: You make take steroid eyedrops for several weeks or months. They'll ease inflammation and make it less likely for a new lesion to form. It may seem icky to graft tissue into your eye, but it can lower the chances that a growth will return.


Question: When will my doctor suggest surgery if I have surfer's eye?

Answer: These include: Return of a more aggressive growth Scars Most of the time, doctors only suggest surgery if: Other treatments have failed Your eyesight is at risk The look of it bothers you One type of surgery uses your tissue from your conjunctiva or a placenta to fill the empty space after the lesion is gone.


Question: Who is likely to get surfer's eye?

Answer: The things that make you most likely to get it include: Lots of exposure to ultraviolet light (like from the sun) Dry eyes Irritants like dust and wind You're most likely to get it if you live near the equator and you're a man between 20 and 40. But it can affect anyone who lives in a sunny place. You get a pinguecula the same way -- lots of time in the sun without eye protection such as sunglasses (wraparound sunglasses are the best protection). Your eye's tears may not evenly cover a pinguecula which can cause your eyes to feel dry and gritty, so it might feel like you have something stuck in it. It may become red.


Question: How is surfer's eye treated?

Answer: If the condition causes temporary redness or irritation, your doctor will treat it with: Over-the-counter eye ointments or wetting drops Eyedrops that clear up redness and irritation Prescription steroid eyedrops to ease redness, itching, swelling, and pain If the growth causes discomfort, interferes with your vision, or is not cosmetically acceptable to you, your doctor can remove it during an outpatient procedure.


Question: When do you need surgery for surfer's eye?

Answer: If the condition causes temporary redness or irritation, your doctor will treat it with: Over-the-counter eye ointments or wetting drops Eyedrops that clear up redness and irritation Prescription steroid eyedrops to ease redness, itching, swelling, and pain If the growth causes discomfort, interferes with your vision, or is not cosmetically acceptable to you, your doctor can remove it during an outpatient procedure.


Question: When is surgery recommended for surfer's eye?

Answer: These include: Return of a more aggressive growth Scars Most of the time, doctors only suggest surgery if: Other treatments have failed Your eyesight is at risk The look of it bothers you One type of surgery uses your tissue from your conjunctiva or a placenta to fill the empty space after the lesion is gone.


Question: Who can get surfer's eye?

Answer: Though it's named for a certain type of athlete, this common complaint can affect anyone who spends a lot of time outdoors.


Question: How do you recover from surgery for surgery for surfer's eye?

Answer: If you do have the operation, pay careful attention to your eye for the next year. Most growths that come back will return within the first 12 months after surgery. After surgery it is prudent to always wear wraparound frame sunglasses outdoors.


Question: What is it like to have surfer's eye?

Answer: Though it isn't usually a serious condition, it can cause annoying symptoms. You might feel like you have something in your eye. Or it may get red and irritated and require medical or surgical treatment.


Question: How is surfer's eye diagnosed?

Answer: See an eye doctor if you have any symptoms. She can diagnose the condition by looking at the front part of your eye with a special microscope called a slit lamp.


Question: Can I prevent surfer's eye?

Answer: Wear sunglasses every day. That includes overcast days -- clouds don't stop ultraviolet ( UV) light. Choose shades that block 99%-100% of both ultraviolet A ( UVA) and ultraviolet B ( UVB) radiation. Wraparound styles provide the best shield against ultraviolet light, dust, and wind. Wear them when you're in the car, too. Unlike the windshield, your car's side windows don't protect you from UV rays. You can also apply a protective film to your side windows to help protect you when you're driving. Experts say to choose a hat with a brim to protect your eyes from UV light. And use artificial tears to keep your eyes moist in dry climates.


Question: What surgery is done to treat surfer's eye?

Answer: These include: Return of a more aggressive growth Scars Most of the time, doctors only suggest surgery if: Other treatments have failed Your eyesight is at risk The look of it bothers you One type of surgery uses your tissue from your conjunctiva or a placenta to fill the empty space after the lesion is gone. The growth is removed and the filler is glued or stitched onto the affected area. You can return to work or normal activities in a few days. Wear sunglasses every day.


Question: Can you prevent surfer's eye?

Answer: You'll probably wear an eye patch for a day or two. Choose shades that block 99%-100% of both ultraviolet A ( UVA) and ultraviolet B ( UVB) radiation. Wraparound styles provide the best shield against ultraviolet light, dust, and wind. Wear them when you're in the car, too. Unlike the windshield, your car's side windows don't protect you from UV rays. You can also apply a protective film to your side windows to help protect you when you're driving. Experts say to choose a hat with a brim to protect your eyes from UV light. And use artificial tears to keep your eyes moist in dry climates.


Question: What are the symptoms of surfer's eye?

Answer: You might feel like you have something in your eye. Sometimes, there are none -- it just shows up. When there are symptoms, your eye might: Burn Feel gritty Itch Feel like you have something in it Look red If the growth gets onto your cornea (the pupil area of your eye), it could change its shape and cause blurry vision or double vision. Before it appears, you might notice a related condition called a pinguecula (pin- GWEK-yoo-la). This is a yellowish patch or bump on the conjunctiva and can get red if irritated.


Question: What is surfer's eye?

Answer: The growth might spread slowly during your life or stop after a certain point. In extreme cases, it can cover your pupil and cause vision problems. The growth could show up in one eye or both. When it affects both, it's known as a bilateral pterygium. Though it isn't usually a serious condition, it can cause annoying symptoms. You might feel like you have something in your eye. Or it may get red and irritated and require medical or surgical treatment. These include: Return of a more aggressive growth Scars Most of the time, doctors only suggest surgery if: Other treatments have failed Your eyesight is at risk The look of it bothers you One type of surgery uses your tissue from your conjunctiva or a placenta to fill the empty space after the lesion is gone. The growth is removed and the filler is glued or stitched onto the affected area.


Question: What could happen after surgery for surfer's eye?

Answer: See an eye doctor if you have any symptoms. These include: Return of a more aggressive growth Scars Most of the time, doctors only suggest surgery if: Other treatments have failed Your eyesight is at risk The look of it bothers you One type of surgery uses your tissue from your conjunctiva or a placenta to fill the empty space after the lesion is gone. If you do have the operation, pay careful attention to your eye for the next year. Most growths that come back will return within the first 12 months after surgery. After surgery it is prudent to always wear wraparound frame sunglasses outdoors.


Question: What happens during surgery for surfer's eye?

Answer: The growth is removed and the filler is glued or stitched onto the affected area. You can return to work or normal activities in a few days. You make take steroid eyedrops for several weeks or months. They'll ease inflammation and make it less likely for a new lesion to form. It may seem icky to graft tissue into your eye, but it can lower the chances that a growth will return. Wear sunglasses every day.


Question: Should I keep a diary if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: One of the best resources is other people who live with MS. Support groups give you a place to learn new ways to handle your condition and a chance to share how you're feeling with others who understand what it's like. Not only will this be valuable info to share with your doctor, but it will also help you learn to express yourself.


Question: How can I take control if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You'll feel safer discussing sensitive or private feelings about MS and its impact on your life and relationships. MS comes with a lot of uncertainty, so it may help to take charge of the things in your life that you can control. Also keep in mind some of your life-planning issues, such as finances, work, and adapting your home.


Question: Can multiple sclerosis affect my mood and lifestyle?

Answer: It can affect your life in many ways. It doesn't have to keep you from being happy, though. A positive attitude can be one of the best ways to handle the changes MS can bring. The condition shouldn't define who you are. You just have an extra challenge in your day-to-day life. You'll feel safer discussing sensitive or private feelings about MS and its impact on your life and relationships.


Question: What should I expect when changing chemotherapy drugs?

Answer: After a change, you may notice a difference in your energy levels, appetite, pain, or overall health. Talk to your doctor about how you feel -- he can help you manage your symptoms in the safest way possible.


Question: What if my cancer is spreading during chemotherapy?

Answer: If you take certain chemotherapy, but your cancer still gets to a more advanced stage, your doctor may switch to another treatment. This can keep your cancer from spreading further.


Question: What if my chemotherapy treatment is too expensive?

Answer: If you get bills that you can't afford, you might be able to switch to a less expensive treatment.


Question: Can a bad reaction to chemotherapy cause a change in treatment?

Answer: Chemo can cause side effects -- vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and more -- that can be hard to handle. If the treatment is your best chance at a cure, your doctor will probably strongly recommend you stick with it, even if it's hard on you. Sometimes, though, side effects can become too dangerous to keep up the treatment. Some chemo can cause very low levels of blood cells and raise your chance of having an infection. You could also have an allergic reaction to a specific drug. In these cases, your doctor might suggest spacing out your sessions or trying a different medication.


Question: Will changing my chemotherapy drugs cause new side effects?

Answer: Different treatments can have different side effects, so a new treatment plan can often help you feel better. Of course, it may also have side effects of its own, which you should discuss with your doctor. For example, nausea and vomiting are more common with some drugs than others. If you're switching to a drug that's known for this, you might get more medications to keep you from feeling sick.


Question: Is it okay to switch chemo drugs in the plan for chemotherapy?

Answer: Your doctor planned the switch ahead of time. Sometimes your plan includes two different chemo drugs, one after the other. Your doctor will tell you about this early on so you'll know when to expect it.


Question: What if my chemotherapy treatment isn't the best kind for me?

Answer: In these cases, your doctor might suggest spacing out your sessions or trying a different medication. This can keep your cancer from spreading further.


Question: Is it okay if chemotherapy changes during treatment?

Answer: Still, you or your doctor might decide to change the drugs you're taking or how you take them once your chemo is under way. It's important you understand why you're making the change. Depending on the cancer you have and how severe it is, you might be able to plan sessions around things in your life, like holidays or special occasions.


Question: What is a callus?

Answer: Calluses are thickenings of the outermost layer of the skin and are painless. They can develop on hands, feet, or anywhere there is repeated friction -- even on a violinist's chin. Like corns, calluses have several variants. The common callus usually occurs when there's been a lot of rubbing against the hands or feet. A plantar callus is found on the bottom of the foot.


Question: What is a urine phosphate test?

Answer: A urine phosphate test measures how much phosphate is in your pee over a 24-hour period. Your doctor might also call it a phosphorous test.


Question: How do I prepare for a urine phosphate test?

Answer: Results are typically ready within a day, but it could take longer, depending on the lab your doctor uses. In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year. And different labs have different ways of doing the test. It's best to talk to your doctor about exactly what your results mean.


Question: What can affect the level of phosphate in your body?

Answer: In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year.


Question: How is a urine phosphate test done?

Answer: Your doctor gives you a container to collect your urine over a 24-hour period. It may have a substance in it that helps keep the urine stable until it's tested. Your doctor may ask you to keep the container in the refrigerator when you're not using it.


Question: Who needs to get a urine phosphate test?

Answer: Your doctor might recommend a urine phosphate test if she thinks you might have an issue with your kidneys or you get kidney stones often. In some cases, the test can offer some clues about why they keep coming back. Calcium and phosphate levels are closely tied, so you may also have this test if other tests show your calcium levels aren't quite right.


Question: How can I prevent ringworm?

Answer: Still, here are some things you can do to lower your chances of getting ringworm or stop it from spreading: Keep your skin clean and dry. Wear flip-flops in locker rooms and public showers. Change your socks and underwear at least once each day. Don't share clothes or towels with someone who has ringworm. If you play sports, keep your gear and uniform clean -- and don't share them with other players. Wash your hands with soap and water after playing with pets.


Question: When might you need prescription medication to treat ringworm?

Answer: If you have ringworm on your scalp or in many different places on your body, OTC treatments probably won't be enough. Your doctor will have to write you a prescription. Keep an eye out for symptoms that get worse or don't clear up after 2 weeks. If they don't, call your doctor.


Question: How do you catch ringworm?

Answer: You can catch it in any of the following ways: From another person. Ringworm often spreads by skin-to-skin contact. From your pets. The fungus that causes ringworm can linger on surfaces, clothes, towels, and in combs and brushes. How the infection is treated depends on where it is and how bad it is.


Question: What is stage IV breast cancer?

Answer: Breast cancer cells have spread far away from the breast and lymph nodes right around it. The most common sites are the bones, lungs, liver, and brain. This stage is described as âmetastatic,â meaning it has spread beyond the region of the body where it was first found.


Question: What is stage II breast cancer?

Answer: The cancer has grown, spread, or both. IIA means the tumor in the breast is still small, if there's one at all. There may be no cancer in the lymph nodes, or it may have spread to as many as three. A stage IIB breast tumor is bigger -- it may be the size of a walnut or as big as a lime. It may or may not be in any lymph nodes.


Question: What is stage I breast cancer?

Answer: Starting at this level, breast cancer is called invasive, meaning it has broken free to attack healthy tissue. Stage 1 A means the cancer has spread into the fatty breast tissue. The tumor itself is no larger than a shelled peanut, or there may be no tumor Stage IB means some cancer cells, but just tiny amounts, have been found in a few lymph nodes.


Question: What is the TNM system for breast cancer?

Answer: Breast cancer cells have spread far away from the breast and lymph nodes right around it. Doctors also group cancers by the letters T, N, or M. Each of those letters tells you something about your cancer. The higher the number assigned after it, the bigger or wider the mass. These small filters are found throughout the body, and they're especially dense in and around the breast. They're meant to catch cancer cells before they travel to other parts of the body. Here, too, a number (0- III) tells you whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes near the breast and, if so, how many.


Question: What is stage III breast cancer?

Answer: The tumor itself is no larger than a shelled peanut, or there may be no tumor Stage IB means some cancer cells, but just tiny amounts, have been found in a few lymph nodes. The cancer has not spread to bones or organs, but it's considered advanced, and it's harder to fight. IIIA means the cancer has been found in up to nine of the lymph nodes that form a chain from your underarm to your collarbone. IIIB means the tumor has grown into the chest wall or skin around your breast, even if it hasn't spread to the lymph nodes. IIIC means cancer has been found in 10 or more lymph nodes, or has spread above or below your collarbone. It's also IIIC if fewer lymph nodes outside the breast are affected but those inside it are enlarged or cancerous.


Question: What is a Holter monitor?

Answer: If your heart seems to skip a beat, race, or work a bit too slow, you could have a condition known as arrhythmia. Your doctor might suggest you wear a device called a Holter monitor. This simple at-home tool helps track your heart's rhythm around the clock for a few days while you work, sleep, play, and do everyday tasks. Your doctor may refer to the device as an "ambulatory electrocardiogram," or ECG. That sounds a little scary, but ambulatory just means walking or moving around. It applies to the monitor, which you can wear or carry with you.


Question: Why might your doctor recommend a Holter monitor?

Answer: It continuously records your heart's electrical activity for at least 24 to 48 hours. Reasons your doctor might recommend a Holter monitor include: You have a fast, pounding, or fluttering heartbeat. Your heartbeat is too slow, too fast, or otherwise irregular. You're tired, short of breath, dizzy or feeling faint. You have chest pain that isn't caused by an exercise test. There's a need to know how well your heart medication or pacemaker is working. The doctor needs to determine if you are at risk for future heart problems after a heart attack or because of another genetic or pre-existing condition. You have a pacemaker and feel dizzy.


Question: What is a Holter monitor electrocardiography (ECG)?

Answer: Your doctor might suggest you wear a device called a Holter monitor. Your doctor may refer to the device as an "ambulatory electrocardiogram," or ECG. These signals tell your heart to contract (squeeze) and pump blood. Sometimes they aren't working right, and the irregular rhythm that results can lead to heart attack or stroke.


Question: What would I feel if I have angina?

Answer: Angina isn't a condition or disease. It's a symptom, and sometimes it can signal a heart attack. The sensations may occur with normal activities but then go away with rest or when you take nitroglycerin. You may feel: Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts for more than 5 minutes, or doesn't improve after you've taken nitroglycerin.


Question: When should I get medical attention for my angina?

Answer: You may feel: Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts for more than 5 minutes, or doesn't improve after you've taken nitroglycerin. Doctors call that âunstableâ angina,â and it's an emergency that could be related to a heart attack. If you instead have âstableâ angina, which is the most common kind, your symptoms usually happen with predictable triggers (such as a strong emotion, physical activity, extreme hot and cold temperatures, or even a heavy meal). The symptoms go away if you rest or take nitroglycerin that your doctor has prescribed. If not, call 911.


Question: What are common symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: They can include these sudden problems: Severe headache with no known cause Confusion -- trouble speaking or understanding Numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body Trouble seeing in one or both eyes; double vision Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination Call 911 right away and get to an emergency room. Every second counts. The sooner treatment starts, the better.


Question: What are common symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: You may feel uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing, or pain in the center or left side of your chest. Discomfort in other parts of your body, such as the neck, arms, jaw, or back or a burning sensation in the stomach. It's a symptom, and sometimes it can signal a heart attack. You may feel: Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts for more than 5 minutes, or doesn't improve after you've taken nitroglycerin.


Question: What are common symptoms of a heart attack in women?

Answer: Shortness of breath. Discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or upper back Call 911 right away. It's a symptom, and sometimes it can signal a heart attack.


Question: What should I do if I think I'm having a heart attack?

Answer: Discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or upper back Call 911 right away. If you can't call 911, have someone else drive you to the emergency room. Don't drive yourself. Until the ambulance comes: Stop all activity and try to remain calm. If your doctor has told you before to take an aspirin if you think you're having a heart attack, do so. If not, ask the 911 operator. If you're with someone who might be having a heart attack and becomes unconscious, start CPR. If you don't know how, the 911 dispatcher can talk you through the steps until help arrives.


Question: Are there different treatment options for breast cancer?

Answer: Others target the specific glitch in your cells that allows the cancer to survive or grow. But no matter which one you and your doctor choose, the goal is the same: get rid of the cancer so it doesn't come back. To start, you and your doctor will want to know: The type of breast cancer you have The size of your tumor and how far the cancer has spread in your body, called the stage of your disease How fast it will grow How likely the cancer is to spread or come back after treatment How well certain therapies will work for you Your age and how healthy you are The option you'd prefer These details will help your doctor recommend some treatments that could work well for you. The most common treatments for breast cancer are: Surgery.


Question: What are targeted treatments for breast cancer?

Answer: These fight the changes in cells that lead to cancer. For instance, some cells have too much of a type of protein, which makes them grow too much. Drugs can block how these proteins work. Targeted treatments often have fewer side effects than those that affect the whole body, like chemo.


Question: How do I choose the right treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: To start, you and your doctor will want to know: The type of breast cancer you have The size of your tumor and how far the cancer has spread in your body, called the stage of your disease How fast it will grow How likely the cancer is to spread or come back after treatment How well certain therapies will work for you Your age and how healthy you are The option you'd prefer These details will help your doctor recommend some treatments that could work well for you.


Question: What happens during chemotherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: During chemo, you take drugs as pills or through an IV to treat the disease throughout your body. Most people get it after surgery to kill any cancer cells left behind. Doctors also prescribe it before surgery to make tumors smaller. Chemo works well against cancer, but it also can harm healthy cells. This can cause side effects such as hair loss, mouth sores, and nausea.


Question: What happens during breast cancer surgery?

Answer: For most people, the first step is to take out the tumor. An operation called lumpectomy removes only the part of your breast that has cancer. Sometimes it's called breast-conserving surgery. In a mastectomy, doctors remove the whole breast. Be sure to discuss the pros and cons of both types of surgery with your doctor. Often, removal of your whole breast does not work better or help you live longer.


Question: What are the side effects of breast cancer treatments?

Answer: Targeted therapy. But some may show up later. They're called late effects, and they include: Symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes Trouble getting pregnant Depression Trouble sleeping Changes in the way your breast looks Trouble thinking clearly ("chemo brain") You and your doctor will decide on your treatment together. Side effects.


Question: What happens during radiation for breast cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses high-energy waves to kill cancer cells. Or you can get tiny seeds that give off radiation placed inside your breast where the tumor was. In the past, people had radiation every day for many weeks. These fight the changes in cells that lead to cancer.


Question: What is hormone therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Others target the specific glitch in your cells that allows the cancer to survive or grow. Hormone therapy.


Question: How common are brain tumors relative to brain cancer?

Answer: In the U. S., brain or nervous system tumors affect about 6 of every 1,000 people.


Question: What are malignant tumors relative to brain cancer?

Answer: Malignant tumors can grow and spread aggressively, overpowering healthy cells by taking their space, blood, and nutrients. They can also spread to distant parts of the body. Like all cells of the body, tumor cells need blood and nutrients to survive.


Question: What is brain cancer?

Answer: Although such growths are popularly called brain tumors, not all brain tumors are cancer. Cancer is a term reserved for malignant tumors.


Question: What is metastatic brain cancer?

Answer: Brain tumors are abnormal growths of cells in the brain. The cells spread to the brain from another tumor in a process called metastasis. This is the most common type of brain tumor.


Question: What are benign tumors relative to brain cancer?

Answer: Although such growths are popularly called brain tumors, not all brain tumors are cancer. But a benign tumor can still cause many problems in the brain by pressing on nearby tissue. This is the most common type of brain tumor.


Question: How do primary brain tumors develop?

Answer: Some brain cancers occur when one type of cell transforms from its normal characteristics. Once transformed, the cells grow and multiply in abnormal ways. As these abnormal cells grow, they become a mass, or tumor. The brain tumors that result are called primary brain tumors because they originate in the brain. Metastatic brain tumors are made of cancerous cells from a tumor elsewhere in the body.


Question: Are all brain tumors cancerous?

Answer: Although such growths are popularly called brain tumors, not all brain tumors are cancer. Malignant tumors can grow and spread aggressively, overpowering healthy cells by taking their space, blood, and nutrients. They can also spread to distant parts of the body. Like all cells of the body, tumor cells need blood and nutrients to survive. Tumors that do not invade nearby tissue or spread to distant areas are called benign. But a benign tumor can still cause many problems in the brain by pressing on nearby tissue. In the U. S., brain or nervous system tumors affect about 6 of every 1,000 people.


Question: What is metastatic brain cancer made of?

Answer: Brain tumors are abnormal growths of cells in the brain. The cells spread to the brain from another tumor in a process called metastasis. This is the most common type of brain tumor.


Question: Who commonly gets prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer affects mainly older men. Six out of ten cases are diagnosed in men over 65, but less than 1% in men under 50. Though uncommon, prostate cancer can be seen in men even in their 30's and 40's. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are more likely to develop prostate cancer than the general population.


Question: What is associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: The following are also associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer: Height, high body mass index, low physical activity, smoking, low tomato sauce consumption, high calcium intake, high linoleic acid intake, African- American race, and a positive family history. No proven link exists between prostate cancer and an active sex life, vasectomy, masturbation, use of alcohol or tobacco, circumcision, infertility, infection of the prostate, or a common noncancerous condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH). Most, if not all, men will experience an enlarged prostate as they age.


Question: What contributes to prostate cancer?

Answer: Men who consume large amounts of fat -- particularly from red meat and other sources of animal fat cooked at high heat -- may be more likely to develop advanced prostate cancer. The disease is much more common in countries where meat and dairy products are dietary staples than in countries where the basic diet consists of rice, soybean products, and vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cole slaw, or sauerkraut.


Question: How do hormones play a role in the development of prostate cancer?

Answer: Men who consume large amounts of fat -- particularly from red meat and other sources of animal fat cooked at high heat -- may be more likely to develop advanced prostate cancer. High testosterone levels may stimulate dormant prostate cancer cells into activity. Some findings suggest that high testosterone levels also influence the initial onset of prostate cancer.


Question: Does endometrial cancer have symptoms?

Answer: Some women with endometrial cancer have no symptoms until the disease has spread to other organs. But endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed by the appearance of symptoms -- like vaginal bleeding -- as the cancer begins to grow.


Question: When should you call your doctor about endometrial cancer?

Answer: Abnormal bleeding, though sometimes a symptom of perimenopause (pre-menopause), should be brought to your doctor's attention immediately. Endometrial cancer usually doesn't occur before menopause, but it can appear around the time menopause begins and during the menopausal transition.


Question: What are the most likely symptoms of endometrial cancer?

Answer: The most likely symptoms are: Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, which occurs in nine out of 10 women with endometrial cancer. Before menopause, this means unusually heavy irregular menstrual periods or bleeding between periods. After a woman enters menopause, this means any vaginal bleeding, unless she is on hormone replacement therapy ( HRT). Even though HRT may cause vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women, the first episodes of any such bleeding should be checked by a doctor to make sure that it is not due to endometrial cancer. Difficult or painful urination. An enlarged uterus, detectable during a pelvic exam. Pain during intercourse. Unexpected weight loss. Weakness and pain in the lower abdomen, back, or legs. This happens when the cancer has spread to other organs.


Question: What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer?

Answer: Some women with endometrial cancer have no symptoms until the disease has spread to other organs. But endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed by the appearance of symptoms -- like vaginal bleeding -- as the cancer begins to grow. Vaginal discharge that may range from pink and watery to thick, brown, and foul smelling.


Question: How does using unscented soap help dry skin?

Answer: Deodorant bath soaps can leave you smelling great, but their ingredients actually strip moisture from your skin. That can trigger your urge to itch. It's best to limit using such soaps to body areas prone to odor, such as the armpits, feet, and groin area. For other parts of your body, choose a mild cleanser.


Question: How does moisturizing help dry skin?

Answer: If you have dry skin, you should moisturize daily. Do it right after you shower, bathe, or wash your hands, while your skin is still damp. If you can tolerate the greasy feeling, choose a moisturizer that is thick, heavy, and gooey. Skin care experts say ointments (called emollients), such as petroleum jelly, are best. They help seal the skin and prevent water loss. But their greasy feel may be a turn-off for some people. Creams are the next best bet. Lotions are not quite as effective but often feel far better than creams and ointments on your skin. These products are mainly water-based, and the water quickly evaporates when applied to the skin. The moisturizer should be free of dyes, fragrances, and other possible irritants. Make sure the label says the product is hypoallergenic. This means the moisturizer is less likely to cause an allergic reaction, which can make you itch more. If a skin cream or ointment isn't handy, check your kitchen cupboard for a quick fix. Cooking oils and shortening can work just as well as commercial moisturizers and are likely to be less expensive. Fragrant soaps and body washes can also lead to dry skin and itchiness.


Question: What do lacto-vegetarians eat?

Answer: There are also pescatarians, who eat fish and seafood; and lacto-vegetarians, who eat dairy products but not eggs.


Question: What is a vegetarian?

Answer: The simplest definition of vegetarianism is a diet free of meat, fish, and fowl flesh. But eating habits of vegetarians cover a wide spectrum. At one end are lacto-ovo vegetarians, who avoid animal flesh but eat eggs and milk products. At the other end are vegans, who forgo eating (and often wearing) all animal-based products, including honey.


Question: If you eat a vegetarian or vegan diet, might you need certain vitamins?

Answer: A meatless diet can be healthy, but vegetarians -- especially vegans -- need to make sure they're getting enough vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and zinc. Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products. Similarly, children under age 5 who are reared on vegetarian and vegan diets can suffer impaired growth.


Question: Can drug-free treatments help you manage the side effects of cancer treatment?

Answer: Drug-free therapies like yoga, massage, meditation, and hypnosis can help you live better during your cancer treatment. Some relieve stress and help your mood. Others make the side effects caused by chemotherapy or radiation a bit easier to take.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help you prevent cancer?

Answer: Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice that uses thin needles placed under your skin, can relieve symptoms like: Night sweats Nausea Fatigue Hot flashes Depression Pain You know you should cut down on fatty foods, be more active, and limit the alcohol you drink. These everyday tips are also good ways you can stave off cancer. Working out can drop your risk of 13 different cancers. You don't need to run marathons to reap the benefits, either. Walking just 30 minutes each day during your lunch break will help.


Question: What do new personalized cancer medicines do?

Answer: It used to be that most people with a certain type and stage of cancer got the same treatment. Now, doctors know that a solution that helps one person may not work well for someone else. Your genes can now give doctors a better idea which treatments will help you the most. Some drugs are more targeted, too. Instead of wiping out all cells, even healthy ones, some can focus just on deadly cancer cells. For instance, a drug being tested may be able to help people with stage IV pancreatic cancer. If their cancer cells have a high level of a sugar called hyaluronic acid, the drug, called PEGPH20, can break it down. This would let immune cells and medicines get inside tumors and fight back.


Question: What can cryoablation combined with imaging do for cancer?

Answer: For instance, doctors can use a technique called cryoablation (freezing) to treat them. This means they wouldn't have to remove all or part of a lung.


Question: What can multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) do for cancer?

Answer: Multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp- MRI), for instance, can uncover the jumble of blood vessels in a new prostate tumor. That close-up view can help doctors decide the best treatment.


Question: How can acupuncture help people with cancer?

Answer: Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice that uses thin needles placed under your skin, can relieve symptoms like: Night sweats Nausea Fatigue Hot flashes Depression Pain You know you should cut down on fatty foods, be more active, and limit the alcohol you drink.


Question: How can MRI-guided focal laser ablation be used to treat cancer?

Answer: Advances in imaging may make it easier for doctors to learn about the cancer they're up against. Multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp- MRI), for instance, can uncover the jumble of blood vessels in a new prostate tumor.


Question: What should you avoid doing until a root canal procedure is completely done?

Answer: Root canal therapy should relieve the pain you feel. Until your root canal procedure is completely finished -- that is, the permanent filling is in place and a crown, if needed, is in place -- it's wise to minimize chewing on the tooth under repair. This step will help avoid recontaminating the tooth's interior and also may prevent a fragile tooth from breaking before the tooth can be fully restored.


Question: How should you return to oral care after a root canal?

Answer: Because a tooth that needs root canal therapy often is one that has a large filling or extensive decay or other weakness, a crown, crown and post, or other restoration often needs to be placed on the tooth to protect it, prevent it from breaking, and restore it to full function.


Question: How does the dentist keep your mouth dry during a root canal?

Answer: Next, to keep the area dry and free of saliva during treatment, your dentist will place a rubber dam (a sheet of rubber) around the tooth.


Question: How is the pulp removed from the tooth during a root canal?

Answer: A hole can occur through the side of the tooth, with drainage into the gums or through the cheek into the skin. The pulp, along with bacteria and related debris, is removed from the tooth. The cleaning-out process is accomplished using root canal files. A series of these files of increasing diameter are each subsequently placed into the access hole and worked down the full length of the tooth to scrape and scrub the sides of the root canals. Water or sodium hypochlorite is used periodically to flush away the debris.


Question: What are the signs that a root canal therapy is needed?

Answer: Signs you may need root canal therapy include: Severe toothache pain upon chewing or application of pressure Prolonged sensitivity (pain) to hot or cold temperatures (after the heat or cold has been removed) Discoloration (darkening) of the tooth Swelling and tenderness in nearby gums A persistent or recurring pimple on the gums Sometimes no symptoms are present. Root canal therapy should relieve the pain you feel.


Question: Why does dental pulp need to be removed?

Answer: The pulp or pulp chamber is the soft area within the center of the tooth and contains the nerve, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The bacteria and other dying pulp remnants can cause an infection or abscessed tooth. An abscess is a pus-filled pocket that forms at the end of a tooth's root.


Question: What are ways to prevent the need for a root canal?

Answer: A tooth's pulp can become irritated, inflamed, and infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on a tooth, large fillings, a crack or chip in the tooth, or trauma to the face. Trauma resulting from a sports-related injury can be reduced by wearing a mouth guard.


Question: Is there an alternative to root canal procedure?

Answer: The tooth's nerve is in the "root" or "legs" of the tooth. The tooth would then be replaced with a bridge, implant, or removable partial denture to restore chewing function and prevent adjacent teeth from shifting. These alternatives not only are more expensive than a root canal procedure but require more treatment time and additional procedures to adjacent teeth and supporting tissues.


Question: What is the first step in the procedure for a root canal?

Answer: In addition to an abscess, an infection in the root canal of a tooth can cause: Swelling that may spread to other areas of the face, neck, or head Bone loss around the tip of the root Drainage problems extending outward from the root. Your dentist or endodontist will then use local anesthesia to numb the area near the tooth. Actually, anesthesia may not be necessary, since the nerve is dead, but most dentists still anesthetize the area to make the patient more relaxed and at ease.


Question: What is dental pulp?

Answer: Root canal therapy is performed when the pulp which is composed of nerves and blood vessels in the tooth becomes infected or damaged. The tooth's nerve is in the "root" or "legs" of the tooth. The root canals travel from the tip of the tooth's root into the pulp chamber.


Question: How successful is root canal treatment?

Answer: Root canal therapy is the treatment of choice. These alternatives not only are more expensive than a root canal procedure but require more treatment time and additional procedures to adjacent teeth and supporting tissues.


Question: What causes infection after a root canal?

Answer: Your dentist will discuss who might be best suited to perform the work in your particular case. Among the likely reasons for this include: More than the normally anticipated number of root canals in a tooth (leaving one of them uncleaned) An undetected crack in the root of a tooth A defective or inadequate dental restoration that has allowed bacteria to get past the restoration into the inner aspects of the tooth and recontaminate the area A breakdown of the inner sealing material over time, allowing bacteria to recontaminate the inner aspects of the tooth Sometimes re-treatment can be successful.


Question: Can I wear sunscreen if I have acne?

Answer: And while red, sunburned skin might temporarily hide your pimples, getting burned too many times can also leave you with premature lines and wrinkles, and increase your risk for skin cancer. You want to protect your skin when you're outside in the sun without slathering on gobs of greasy sunscreen.


Question: Should I use scrubs and masks for acne?

Answer: There's no need to slather your face in day-glo green or mud and scare off all the neighborhood kids. Experts say masks and scrubs do little, if anything, to improve acne. A gentle, non-abrasive cleanser that's formulated for your skin type (oily, dry, or combination) will do a lot more to keep your face pimple-free.


Question: What kind of moisturizer should I use if I have acne prone skin?

Answer: What to look for: Choose a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer labeled "non-comedogenic" -- which is just a fancy way of saying that it won't clog your pores. Also look for ingredients like glycerin and hyaluronic acid, which hold moisture in the skin. What to avoid? Heavy, greasy products that contain pimple-producing ingredients such as cocoa butter, mineral oil, or cold cream.


Question: What kind of sunscreen should I use if I have acne?

Answer: What to look for: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 and a physical blocker like zinc oxide of at least 6% too protect against both UVA and UVB light. A water-based or light liquid-based gel or spray-on sunscreen is best for people who tend to get breakouts. You can also look for light lotions and powder sunscreens. Look for ânoncomedogenicâ on the label, which means it should not clog your skin's pores. Watch out for chemicals such as PABA and benzophenone, which can irritate sensitive skin.


Question: Can I wear makeup when you have acne?

Answer: Today, we use makeup to camouflage our pimples, but applying layer after layer of cover-up when you have acne isn't necessarily the best approach. Makeup can be very good at hiding pimples, but it can also accentuate zits if you use the wrong kind of concealer or slather it on too thickly. The redness and peeling many acne treatments leave behind can look even worse when smeared with thick makeup.


Question: Can I use moisterizers if I have acne?

Answer: In reality, moisturizers are an essential part of the acne skin care routine. The acne treatment your dermatologist prescribed or recommended may contain drying ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, which can suck the moisture out of your skin and leave it looking red and irritated. A good moisturizer will keep the water in your skin and help avoid unsightly drying and peeling.


Question: What kind of makeup should I use if I have acne?

Answer: What to look for: All of your makeup, from blush to eye shadow, should be non-greasy, non-comedogenic (or non-acnegenic), hypoallergenic, non-irritating, and oil-free. Read the ingredients -- the very first one should be water. Mineral-based cosmetics contain added ingredients like silica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide, which both absorb oil and hide redness without irritating skin and causing pimples. Another ingredient to look for is dimethicone, which also conceals redness while smoothing out uneven skin.


Question: Are there acne-friendly aftershave lotions?

Answer: Men with acne need to pay attention to their skin care regimen, too. Shaving can be both a plus and minus for a man's skin. The plus is that shaving each day acts as a natural exfoliant, opening your pores so the excess oil can drain out. But if you shave the wrong way or use the wrong products, you could wind up with more acne. Or, you could get razor bumps, which aren't acne but look a lot like them. Razor bumps pop up when newly cut, sharp-ended hairs turn back into the skin and make the skin swell up.


Question: What should I look for in acne-friendly aftershave lotions?

Answer: What to look for: Use a non-irritating, lubricating shaving gel, or a prescription shaving foam containing benzoyl peroxide or a topical antibiotic that's designed for men with acne. After shaving, skip the splash of cologne or alcohol-based aftershave, which can irritate your skin -- not to mention leave you in agony if you have any open cuts or recently popped pimples. Use an oil-free moisturizer or a prescription topical antibiotic lotion or gel instead.


Question: What sleep problems can be caused by cirrhosis?

Answer: This type of liver damage can cause sleep problems like: Daytime fatigue Need for frequent naps Waking up at night Depression Restless legs syndrome Sleep apnea Lifestyle changes might help: Only use your bed for sleep and sex.


Question: What are the side effects of astragalus?

Answer: But as with heart benefits, more medical research is needed to understand if astragalus can help with these other health problems. Astragalus is usually taken in combination with other herbal supplements. When used appropriately, astragalus appears to be very safe and to have few side effects. Very high doses may suppress the immune system.


Question: What are heart benefits of astragalus?

Answer: More research is needed before experts can make any firm recommendations about using astragalus for its heart benefits.


Question: What is astragalus used for?

Answer: They claim it may protect against heart disease. It's also used to help improve overall weakness. Proponents also say astragalus stimulates the spleen, liver, lungs, circulatory, and urinary system. It's also used to treat osteoarthritis, asthma, and nervous conditions as well as to lower blood sugar and blood pressure.


Question: What is astragalus?

Answer: It comes from a type of bean or legume. While there are multiple species of astragalus, most astragalus supplements contain Astragalus membranaceus. The herb is said to offer multiple health benefits for multiple conditions, including heart benefits.


Question: What are the benefits of astragalus?

Answer: Astragalus is often promoted for its effects on the immune system, liver, and cardiovascular system. There is, though, little research to suggest that astragalus can help protect the heart in humans.


Question: What is pica?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pica is the persistent eating of substances such as dirt or paint that have no nutritional value.


Question: How is pica diagnosed?

Answer: If symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to check for anemia and look for toxins and other substances in the blood, and to check for blockages in the intestinal tract. The doctor also may test for possible infections caused by eating items contaminated with bacteria or other organisms. A review of the person's eating habits also may be conducted. Before making a diagnosis of pica, the doctor will evaluate the presence of other disorders -- such as intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities, or obsessive-compulsive disorder -- as the cause of the odd eating behavior. This pattern of behavior must last at least one month for a diagnosis of pica to be made.


Question: Can pica be prevented?

Answer: However, it is likely to be more difficult to manage in children who are developmentally disabled.


Question: How common is pica?

Answer: The Handbook of Clinical Child Psychologycurrently estimates that prevalence rates of pica range from 4%-26% among institutionalized populations. Research among non-institutionalized populations takes the form of individual case studies, making prevalence rates difficult to estimate.


Question: What are complications associated with pica?

Answer: Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. This is the most concerning and potentially lethal side effect of pica Eating non-food objects can interfere with eating healthy food, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Eating objects that cannot be digested, such as stones, can cause constipation or blockages in the digestive tract, including the intestines and bowels. Also, hard or sharp objects (such as paperclips or metal scraps) can cause tears in the lining of the esophagus or intestines. Bacteria or parasites from dirt or other objects can cause serious infections. Some infections can damage the kidneys or liver. Co-existing developmental disabilities can make treatment difficult.


Question: How is pica treated?

Answer: The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to check for anemia and look for toxins and other substances in the blood, and to check for blockages in the intestinal tract. Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. There are many potential complications of pica, such as: Certain items, such as paint chips, may contain lead or other toxic substances and eating them can lead to poisoning, increasing the child's risk of complications including learning disabilities and brain damage.


Question: What is the outlook for people with pica?

Answer: The doctor may use certain tests -- such as X-rays and blood tests -- to check for anemia and look for toxins and other substances in the blood, and to check for blockages in the intestinal tract. However, it is likely to be more difficult to manage in children who are developmentally disabled.


Question: How is radiation and chemotherapy beneficial for people with Pancoast tumors?

Answer: The purpose of the chemotherapy and radiation is to shrink the tumor and to block the cancer from spreading through lymph nodes.


Question: What is a Pancoast tumor?

Answer: Because of their location, they frequently invade adjoining tissue. Pancoast tumors form an abnormal patch of tissue over the lung apex and principally involve the chest wall structures rather than the underlying lung tissue. They may invade areas such as lymph nodes, nerves, ribs, and spine. The risk factors for almost all lung cancers are similar.


Question: When is surgery a treatment option for Pancoast tumors?

Answer: If the cancer has not spread to distant areas of the body, surgery will likely be offered. People with Pancoast tumors that are directly invading the covering of the lung and chest wall should generally undergo surgery, if: The cancer has not spread to distant parts of the body. The patient's heart and lungs are healthy enough to allow surgery. There is no evidence of extensive enlargement of the lymph nodes. Occasionally, people with severe pain who have tumors that can't be removed may be selectively considered for palliative surgery to reduce pain.


Question: What is the outlook for people with Pancoast tumors?

Answer: An MRI can also better assess the tumor's invasion of nearby areas. However, recent studies have shown that, in some people, the tumor completely stops growing and the pain is gone. In addition, survival rates have improved.


Question: What are movement symptoms of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: The exact symptoms depend on which part of your brain is affected. Movement symptoms: Clumsiness Walking unsteadily Talking more slowly than usual, or slurring your words Difficulty swallowing Involuntary movement of arms or legs Cramped muscles Stiff arms and legs (called spasticity) Tremors, muscle stiffness, lack of facial expression Psychiatric symptoms: Poor concentration Lapses in memory Mood changes Psychosis, or being out of touch with reality Dementia Other symptoms: â¢ Tiredness â¢ Migraines â¢ Seizures â¢ Vertigo, or dizziness â¢ Not being able to control when you urinate (called urinary incontinence) â¢ Impotence There is no one test for the condition.


Question: What are treatments for basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: There is no cure, but there is treatment for the symptoms. For example, if you have seizures, certain anti-epileptic medicines can help. Or if you have migraines, you can take medicine to both prevent and treat them.


Question: What are psychiatric symptoms of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: The exact symptoms depend on which part of your brain is affected. Movement symptoms: Clumsiness Walking unsteadily Talking more slowly than usual, or slurring your words Difficulty swallowing Involuntary movement of arms or legs Cramped muscles Stiff arms and legs (called spasticity) Tremors, muscle stiffness, lack of facial expression Psychiatric symptoms: Poor concentration Lapses in memory Mood changes Psychosis, or being out of touch with reality Dementia Other symptoms: â¢ Tiredness â¢ Migraines â¢ Seizures â¢ Vertigo, or dizziness â¢ Not being able to control when you urinate (called urinary incontinence) â¢ Impotence There is no one test for the condition.


Question: How can genetic testing help in the diagnosis of basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: If one of your parents has it, you have a 50% chance of having it as well. If the condition runs in your family, you can get your genes tested whether you have symptoms or not. Consider genetic counseling from a professional before you have any genetic test. Counselors can also help you decide whether to have testing during your pregnancy, or prenatal testing, if you want to start a family.


Question: What causes basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: Basal ganglia calcification sometimes happens when you age, but many times comes from genes passed to you by your parents. You only need one faulty gene from one parent to get the illness. Your parents may have symptoms of it, but sometimes they don't. Calcium build-up in your basal ganglia can also happen because of infection, problems with your parathyroid gland, and for other reasons.


Question: What is basal ganglia calcification?

Answer: Most people who develop it are in good health before they find out they have it. When it happens this way, it is also known as basal ganglia calcification, but is different from the genetic form of the disease. If one of your brothers and sisters or a parent has it, it's more likely that your symptoms (if you have any) are part of the same syndrome. If one of your parents has it, you have a 50% chance of having it as well.


Question: How is basal ganglia calcification diagnosed?

Answer: Instead, doctors use several methods to see if you have it. They usually start with symptoms and family history. If one of your brothers and sisters or a parent has it, it's more likely that your symptoms (if you have any) are part of the same syndrome. There is no cure, but there is treatment for the symptoms.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD do better in school?

Answer: You can do this by making sure your child is: Seated in a quiet area without clutter or distractions Given clear, concise instructions Encouraged to write each assignment in a notebook as it is given by the teacher Responsible for his or her own assignments; you should not do for your child what your child can do for himself. Well-hydrated and fed; a snack break can do wonders for helping to sustain attention. Try to choose healthy snacks which incorporate protein.


Question: Does driving pose more of a risk to teens with ADHD?

Answer: The following behaviors associated with ADHD impose serious driving hazards: Inattention Impulsivity Risk-taking Immature judgment Need for stimulation Discuss driving privileges with your teen in relation to the overall ADHD treatment plan.


Question: What are the risks of driving in teens with ADHD?

Answer: The following behaviors associated with ADHD impose serious driving hazards: Inattention Impulsivity Risk-taking Immature judgment Need for stimulation Discuss driving privileges with your teen in relation to the overall ADHD treatment plan. It is your responsibility to establish rules and expectations for safe driving behaviors. Be sure to include a discussion about the risks of texting and talking on the phone while driving.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD develop better relationship skills?

Answer: Children with ADHD need to know exactly what others expect from them. Set up social behavior goals with your child and implement a reward program Encourage social interactions if your child is withdrawn or excessively shy Schedule play activities with only one other child at a time Supervise play activities as your child practices social skills.


Question: What is the best way to parent a child with ADHD?

Answer: Ways to do this include: Providing clear, consistent expectations, directions, and limits. Children with ADHD need to know exactly what others expect from them. Setting up an effective discipline system. That means learning discipline methods that reward appropriate behavior and respond to misbehavior with alternatives such as time out or loss of privileges. Creating a behavior modification plan to change the most problematic behaviors. Behavior charts that track your child's chores or responsibilities and that offer potential rewards for positive behaviors can be helpful tools. These charts, as well as other behavior modification techniques, will help parents address problems in systematic, effective ways. It is helpful for you to: Recognize the importance of healthy peer relationships for children Involve your child in activities with his or her peers; choosing an activity your child is particularly good at or enjoys will help them to have the confidence needed to focus on engaging more with peers.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD achieve academic success?

Answer: You can do this by making sure your child is: Seated in a quiet area without clutter or distractions Given clear, concise instructions Encouraged to write each assignment in a notebook as it is given by the teacher Responsible for his or her own assignments; you should not do for your child what your child can do for himself. Well-hydrated and fed; a snack break can do wonders for helping to sustain attention. Try to choose healthy snacks which incorporate protein. Avoid sugary snacks or snacks lacking nutrients. Also, see if your child does better with a short break after school. Some kids have a hard time going straight from school into homework. Other kids, though, get too distracted by breaks and have a hard time refocusing. And make sure your child is getting plenty of exercise. Sometimes a little added activity can do wonders for focus. If your child does, however, you can take steps to help improve his or her social skills and relationships.


Question: When should you call 911 about stress?

Answer: Some of the signs it's time to get help: Your work or school performance is suffering You're using alcohol, drugs, or tobacco to deal with your stress Your eating or sleeping habits change significantly You're behaving in ways that are dangerous to yourself, including self-mutilation You have irrational fears and anxiety You have trouble getting through your daily responsibilities You're withdrawing from friends and family You think about suicide or hurting other people If your stress has gotten to the point that you're thinking of hurting yourself or someone else, go to the nearest emergency room or call 911. You can also call one of the free suicide prevention helplines, including the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. You don't need to give your name.


Question: Can digestive problems be a sign of stress?

Answer: These can include diarrhea and constipation, or nausea and vomiting. Stress can affect how quickly food moves through your system and the way your intestines absorb nutrients.


Question: What are psychological and emotional signs of stress?

Answer: Some of the psychological and emotional signs that you're stressed out include: Depression or anxiety Anger, irritability, or restlessness Feeling overwhelmed, unmotivated, or unfocused Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much Racing thoughts or constant worry Problems with your memory or concentration Making bad decisions If you're struggling with stress and don't know how to cope, you may want to seek help from a specialist.


Question: What are mental and emotional signs of stress?

Answer: Stress can also affect how you think and feel, making it tough to get through your normal responsibilities and make rational decisions. In some cases, this kind of stress can impact behavior in other ways, and some people turn to drugs, alcohol, tobacco, or other harmful substances to cope with their feelings. Excessive stress may also affect your appetite, causing you to eat more or less than usual, and it may affect or eliminate your motivation to exercise and stay fit. Additionally, the feelings you get when you're stressed may make you feel like withdrawing from friends and family and isolating yourself.


Question: Can pain be a sign of stress?

Answer: Some of the physical signs that your stress levels are too high include: Pain or tension in your head, chest, stomach, or muscles. Your muscles tend to tense up when you're stressed, and over time this can cause headaches, migraines, or musculoskeletal problems.


Question: What are signs it is time to get help with stress?

Answer: Some of the signs it's time to get help: Your work or school performance is suffering You're using alcohol, drugs, or tobacco to deal with your stress Your eating or sleeping habits change significantly You're behaving in ways that are dangerous to yourself, including self-mutilation You have irrational fears and anxiety You have trouble getting through your daily responsibilities You're withdrawing from friends and family You think about suicide or hurting other people If your stress has gotten to the point that you're thinking of hurting yourself or someone else, go to the nearest emergency room or call 911.


Question: Can stress lead to reproductive problems?

Answer: Knowing how to spot the signs and symptoms that you're under too much stress can help you stay aware and address the issues before they harm your health. But the truth is, stress itself can cause problems in your organs, tissues, and just about every system in your body.


Question: Where should deep brain stimulation be performed?

Answer: This means neurologists and neurosurgeons who have extensive experience and specialized training in doing these types of surgeries. Always ask a doctor how many of a specific procedure he or she has performed.


Question: Can deep brain stimulation cure multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Electrical stimulation does not cure multiple sclerosis nor prevent the disease from getting worse.


Question: What happens to the electrode for deep brain stimulation?

Answer: The electrode for deep brain stimulation is left in the brain. It is connected by a wire to a pacemaker-like device that is implanted under the skin over the chest. The device generates electrical shocks.