Question: How safe is aromatherapy?

Answer: It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe. Essential oils can cause side effects, though. Some can irritate your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes in your nose. They can also cause mild allergic reactions. If you drink some essential oils they can hurt your kidneys or liver. It's rare that people take essential oils by mouth, and you shouldn't do it unless your doctor says it's OK. If you're new to aromatherapy, work with an aromatherapist or your doctor.


Question: What is dehydration?

Answer: Usually you replace the lost liquid by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water. If you lose too much water or don't drink and eat enough, you can get dehydrated.


Question: What does urinalysis indicate in regard to dehydration?

Answer: Signs of mild or moderate dehydration include: Thirst Dry or sticky mouth Not peeing very much Dark yellow pee Dry, cool skin Headache Muscle cramps Signs of severe dehydration include: Not peeing or having very dark yellow pee Very dry skin Feeling dizzy Rapid heartbeat Rapid breathing Sunken eyes Sleepiness, lack of energy, confusion or irritability Fainting Symptoms for babies and young children can be different than for adults: Dry mouth and tongue No tears when crying Dry diapers for 3 hours Sunken eyes, cheeks, soft spot on the top of the skull Sleepiness, lack of energy, or irritability Severe dehydration is a medical emergency and needs to be treated immediately. Anyone can get dehydrated, but the odds are higher for some people: Babies and young children are the most likely to have severe diarrhea and vomiting, and they lose the most water from a high fever. The youngest can't tell you they're thirsty or get their own drink.


Question: When should you call a doctor about symptoms of dehydration?

Answer: You can lose more water than usual with: A fever Diarrhea Vomiting Excessive sweating Peeing a lot ( Diabetes and some medications like water pills -- also called diuretics -- can make you pee more often.)


Question: If I have psoriasis, how often should I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?

Answer: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.


Question: How often should you apply moisturizer if you have psoriasis?

Answer: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.


Question: How can I soften my skin when I have psoriasis?

Answer: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: If I have psoriasis, how can I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?

Answer: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: If I have psoriasis, should I moisturize my skin at night to avoid cuts?

Answer: At bedtime, slather on some moisturizing ointment, like petroleum jelly. Other options include: Vitamin E Olive oil Shortening Then cover the area to lock in the moisture overnight. You can use plastic. Wear cotton gloves and socks to protect your hands and feet.


Question: How can I seal a cut caused by my psoriasis?

Answer: Closing those gaps helps them heal faster. It also protects the wound by keeping out dirt, debris, and germs. Ways you can do it include: Liquid bandage: This over-the-counter product creates a thin plastic coating on the skin. It's waterproof and flexible. To apply it: Gently bring the edges of the crack or cut together. Spray, brush, or dab the liquid on top of the skin. It dries in less than a minute and lasts for up to a week. Because some of these products are made with alcohol, this might sting. Don't put it inside a wound, around the eyes, or on large areas of skin. Super glue: This household staple can fix psoriasis fissures, too. That's because its main ingredient is the same one found in many liquid bandages. It works in the same way: Carefully bring the edges of the cut or crack together, and dab it to the skin on top to create a seal. Adhesive bandage or tape: Watertight medical tape can seal cracks. It also keeps the wound moist, which helps it heal. For small cuts, you can also use the sticky part of a bandage. Put them across the wound. They can act as a bridge to hold the skin together.


Question: How can ADHD affect your emotions?

Answer: You may get stressed if your loved ones say you don't listen and you feel you've let them down in some way. You have the same emotions as everyone else. But because of ADHD, you may feel them more strongly or for a longer time. The right treatment and therapy can help you manage your ADHD symptoms and emotions.


Question: How can ADHD affect you at work?

Answer: ADHD can create challenges at work. You may tend to put off tasks or have a hard time organizing them. You may get distracted easily, have trouble finishing projects, or interrupt others during meetings.


Question: What can I do if my diuretic makes me thirsty?

Answer: Thirst: Try sucking on sugarless hard candy. Contact your doctor or nurse if you have extreme thirst. It could be a sign of dehydration.


Question: Can children take diuretics?

Answer: The side effects are similar to those in adults. Children will take smaller doses. Talk with your doctor.


Question: Can breastfeeding women take diuretics?

Answer: Most diuretics are fine, with some precautions. Talk with your doctor.


Question: What medications should my doctor know about before taking diuretics for heart disease?

Answer: Before a diuretic is prescribed, tell your doctor if you are taking: Medication for high blood pressure Digoxin Indomethacin Probenecid Corticosteroids Some diuretics may require you to avoid or eat certain foods.


Question: What foods or drugs interact with diuretics?

Answer: To avoid a potential problem, tell your doctor and pharmacist all the medicines you are taking, including: Herbal preparations Over-the-counter drugs Vitamins Nutrition supplements Diuretics are often prescribed with other drugs. If you have more side effects when you take them together, contact your doctor. You may need to change the times you take each one.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating edema?

Answer: Edema: Diuretics lessen swelling that usually occurs in the legs.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating liver problems?

Answer: Liver problems: If you have cirrhosis, a diuretic will ease the fluid buildup you'll get with it.


Question: Can pregnant women take diuretics?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend a diuretic if you have.


Question: Can diuretics lead to frequent peeing?

Answer: They can include: Frequent peeing: This may last for up to 4 hours after each dose. If you are taking two doses each day, take the second dose no later than late afternoon so you can sleep through the night without waking up to urinate.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating glaucoma?

Answer: Glaucoma: They'll reduce the pressure in your eye.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure: Diuretics ease swelling and congestion in the lungs. Normally, you'll get a loop diuretic for heart failure.


Question: What are signs of dehydration caused by diuretics?

Answer: Dehydration : Signs include: Dizziness Extreme thirst Excessive dry mouth Less urine output Dark-colored urine Constipation If you have any of these, don't assume you need more fluids -- call your doctor or nurse.


Question: What are examples of diuretics?

Answer: Examples of diuretics include: Lasix (furosemide) Bumex (bumetanide) Demadex (torsemide) Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide) Zaroxolyn (metolazone) Aldactone (spironolactone) Diuretics are categorized as: Thiazide-like: These get rid of a moderate amount of water.


Question: How are diuretics categorized?

Answer: Examples of diuretics include: Lasix (furosemide) Bumex (bumetanide) Demadex (torsemide) Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide) Zaroxolyn (metolazone) Aldactone (spironolactone) Diuretics are categorized as: Thiazide-like: These get rid of a moderate amount of water. They can be used for a long time. Loop: They're more powerful and are very useful in emergencies. Potassium-sparing: They help you keep potassium as you're getting rid of water and salt. You'll sometimes take these with one of the other two types mentioned above.


Question: What can I do to help my child with acid reflux?

Answer: You can try a few lifestyle changes to help a child with acid reflux: For infants: Raise the head of the baby's crib or bassinet Hold him upright for 30 minutes after a feeding Thicken his bottle feedings with cereal (ask your doctor before you try this) Change his feeding schedule Try giving him solid food (with your doctor's OK) For an older child: Raise the head of his bed Keep him upright for at least 2 hours after he eats Serve him several small meals throughout the day rather than three large ones Limit any foods and drinks that seem to make his reflux worse Encourage him to get regular exercise If the reflux is severe or doesn't get better, your doctor may recommend medication to treat it.


Question: Which medicines are used to help kids with severe GERD or acid reflux?

Answer: You can try a few lifestyle changes to help a child with acid reflux: For infants: Raise the head of the baby's crib or bassinet Hold him upright for 30 minutes after a feeding Thicken his bottle feedings with cereal (ask your doctor before you try this) Change his feeding schedule Try giving him solid food (with your doctor's OK) For an older child: Raise the head of his bed Keep him upright for at least 2 hours after he eats Serve him several small meals throughout the day rather than three large ones Limit any foods and drinks that seem to make his reflux worse Encourage him to get regular exercise If the reflux is severe or doesn't get better, your doctor may recommend medication to treat it. Medicines to help with gas include: Simethicone Calcium carbonate antacid He might also prescribe a medicine to help your child's stomach make less acid. But researchers aren't sure whether these drugs ease reflux in infants.


Question: What are the symptoms of GERD in infants?

Answer: The most common symptoms in kids are: Vomiting often A cough that won't go away Refusing to eat or trouble eating (a child may choke or gag) Crying during or after a feeding Heartburn, gas, or belly pain Acid reflux happens when food and acid in the stomach move back up into the tube that goes to the mouth, called the esophagus.


Question: What can cause GERD or acid reflux in older children?

Answer: In older children, the causes of GERD are different than for infants and adults. In many cases, it happens when the muscular valve between the stomach and esophagus relaxes or when pressure builds up below that valve.


Question: What can cause GERD or acid reflux in infants?

Answer: They usually grow out of GERD by the time they are 1 year old.


Question: How does GERD happen?

Answer: The most common symptoms in kids are: Vomiting often A cough that won't go away Refusing to eat or trouble eating (a child may choke or gag) Crying during or after a feeding Heartburn, gas, or belly pain Acid reflux happens when food and acid in the stomach move back up into the tube that goes to the mouth, called the esophagus. Sometimes it moves into or out of the mouth.


Question: What is carb counting for diabetes?

Answer: When you watch your diet because you have diabetes, you'll want to pay special attention to carbohydrates, because they can affect your blood sugar level faster than protein or fat. You get carbs from sweets, fruit, milk, yogurt, bread, cereal, rice, pasta, potatoes, and other vegetables. It can help to count your carbs from things you eat or drink, and split them evenly between meals so that it's in line with how much insulin is available from your body or from medicine. If you get more than your insulin supply can handle, your blood sugar level goes up. If you eat too few carbohydrates, your blood sugar level may fall too low. With carbohydrate counting, you can pick almost any food product off the shelf, read the label, and use the information about grams of carbohydrates to fit the food into your meal plan.


Question: What diabetic people is carb counting most useful for?

Answer: Counting carbs is most useful for people who use insulin several times a day or wear an insulin pump, or want more flexibility and variety in their food choices. The amount and type of insulin you are prescribed may affect the flexibility of your meal plan. You don't have to count carbs. You could use diabetes food exchange lists instead. Ask your doctor or a registered dietitian for their advice on that.


Question: How does carb counting help someone with diabetes?

Answer: With carbohydrate counting, you can pick almost any food product off the shelf, read the label, and use the information about grams of carbohydrates to fit the food into your meal plan.


Question: What are some good food-based sources of fiber for diabetics?

Answer: Fiber helps control blood sugar. It also helps you lower your âbadâ ( LDL) cholesterol. Most Americans need more fiber in their diets. The average American only gets about half the fiber needed on a daily basis. You get fiber from plant foods, so plan to eat more of these foods: Fresh fruits and vegetables Cooked dried beans and peas Whole-grain breads, cereals, and crackers Brown rice Bran products Nuts and seeds Although it's best to get fiber from food sources, fiber supplements can also help you get the daily fiber you need.


Question: How does someone with diabetes raise his or her blood sugar level?

Answer: It can help to count your carbs from things you eat or drink, and split them evenly between meals so that it's in line with how much insulin is available from your body or from medicine. If you get more than your insulin supply can handle, your blood sugar level goes up. If you eat too few carbohydrates, your blood sugar level may fall too low.


Question: What are some fiber supplements that diabetics can use?

Answer: You get fiber from plant foods, so plan to eat more of these foods: Fresh fruits and vegetables Cooked dried beans and peas Whole-grain breads, cereals, and crackers Brown rice Bran products Nuts and seeds Although it's best to get fiber from food sources, fiber supplements can also help you get the daily fiber you need. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose. Increase your fiber intake slowly to help prevent gas and cramping. It's also important to also increase the amount of liquids that you drink.


Question: When do signs of a concussion start?

Answer: Concussions can be tricky to diagnose. Though you may have a visible cut or bruise on your head, you can't actually see a concussion. Signs may not appear for days or weeks after the injury. Some symptoms last for just seconds; others may linger.


Question: What is grade 3 of a concussion like?

Answer: Some symptoms last for just seconds; others may linger.


Question: What happens to your brain after a concussion?

Answer: Your brain doesn't function normally. If you've suffered a concussion, vision may be disturbed, you may lose equilibrium, or you may fall unconscious. In short, the brain is confused.


Question: How can you guard yourself against repeat concussions?

Answer: Guard against repeat concussions. Repeat concussions cause cumulative effects on the brain. Successive concussions can have devastating consequences, including brain swelling, permanent brain damage, long-term disabilities, or even death. Don't return to normal activities if you still have symptoms. Get a doctor's clearance so you can return to work or play with confidence.


Question: How can you prevent a concussion by wearing a protective equipment?

Answer: By its very nature, a concussion is unexpected, so it is tough to prevent. But there are several common-sense precautions you can take to lessen the possibility of traumatic brain injury. Wear protective equipment. Participation in high-contact, high-risk sports such as football, hockey, boxing, and soccer can increase the likelihood of a concussion. Skateboarding, snowboarding, horseback riding, and roller blading are also a threat to your brain's health. Wearing headgear, padding, and mouth and eye guards can help safeguard against traumatic head injuries. Wearing a bike helmet can lower the risk of traumatic head injury by 85%. Ensure that the equipment is properly fitted, well maintained, and worn consistently.


Question: What is grade 2 of a concussion like?

Answer: There is no loss of consciousness.


Question: What are the 3 grades of a concussion?

Answer: Any of these could be a sign of traumatic brain injury: confusion or feeling dazed clumsiness slurred speech nausea or vomiting headache balance problems or dizziness blurred vision sensitivity to light sensitivity to noise sluggishness ringing in ears behavior or personality changes concentration difficulties memory loss Concussions are graded as mild (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), or severe (grade 3), depending on such factors as loss of consciousness, amnesia, and loss of equilibrium.


Question: How often do people get concussions?

Answer: Concussions are fairly common. Some estimates say a mild brain trauma is sustained every 21 seconds in the U. S. But it's important to recognize the signs of a concussion so you can take the proper steps to treat the injury.


Question: What is grade 1 of a concussion like?

Answer: There is no loss of consciousness. With a grade 2 concussion, there is no loss of consciousness but symptoms last longer than 15 minutes.


Question: How common are concussions?

Answer: According to the CDC, between 2001 and 2009, an estimated 173,285 people under age 19 were treated in hospital emergency rooms for concussions related to sports and recreation activities. Other causes include car and bicycle accidents, work-related injuries, falls, and fighting. How can you tell if you have had a concussion? Is it always serious? And what should you do if you have a concussion? Here are answers to some important questions about concussions.


Question: What are symptoms of a concussion?

Answer: There are some common physical, mental, and emotional symptoms a person may display following a concussion. Any of these could be a sign of traumatic brain injury: confusion or feeling dazed clumsiness slurred speech nausea or vomiting headache balance problems or dizziness blurred vision sensitivity to light sensitivity to noise sluggishness ringing in ears behavior or personality changes concentration difficulties memory loss Concussions are graded as mild (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), or severe (grade 3), depending on such factors as loss of consciousness, amnesia, and loss of equilibrium.


Question: How can someone avoid dehydration with cancer treatments?

Answer: When you're being treated for cancer, you have a chance for developing an infection that can cause a fever Make sure you drink enough water before, during, and after your treatment: Sip all day. It isn't enough to drink water when you're parched. You can get dehydrated and never feel thirsty. Some health experts suggest at least 8 glasses of liquid a day, even more if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Ask your doctor how much sounds right for you. Try other liquids. If water doesn't do it for you, try something else. Milk, juice, sports drinks, and decaf coffee or tea all count as fluids. Sometimes, drinks with ice are easier to swallow.


Question: What are moderate allergic reactions?

Answer: Moderate allergic reactions can include symptoms that spread to other parts of the body, including: Widespread itching Difficulty breathing Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening emergency in which the response to the allergen is sudden and affects the whole body.


Question: What are symptoms of mild allergy?

Answer: Mild allergy symptoms can include: Rash Localized itching Congestion Mild allergic reactions do not spread to other parts of the body. Moderate allergic reactions can include symptoms that spread to other parts of the body, including: Widespread itching Difficulty breathing Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening emergency in which the response to the allergen is sudden and affects the whole body.


Question: What are symptoms of severe allergy?

Answer: Moderate allergic reactions can include symptoms that spread to other parts of the body, including: Widespread itching Difficulty breathing Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening emergency in which the response to the allergen is sudden and affects the whole body. Allergy symptoms may within minutes progress to more serious symptoms, including: Itching of eyes or face Varying degrees of swelling of the mouth, throat, and tongue that can make breathing and swallowing difficult Hives Abdominal pain Cramps Vomiting Diarrhea Mental confusion or dizziness


Question: What are the most common medications for ADHD?

Answer: The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants. These include: Amphetamine ( Adzenys XR- ODT) Amphetamine/ Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine or Dextrostat) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) Some of these drugs may be available in longer-acting formulations.


Question: How do dosages differ in children who receive multimodal treatment of ADHD?

Answer: Children who receive multimodal treatment may need lower doses of medications compared to children only receiving medication.


Question: What combination of drugs in multimodal treatment of ADHD is most effective?

Answer: A multimodal plan is effective for most children. The particular therapy and medication, however, will vary depending on the individual child. Doctors, parents, and teachers need to work together to develop and administer the best treatment for each child and family.


Question: What is multimodal treatment of ADHD?

Answer: Multimodal treatment involves multiple methods of treatment that work together to help a child with ADHD. The main components of this approach are medications, behavioral therapy, and education.


Question: How is ADHD treated?

Answer: But research suggests that for many children, the best way to manage the symptoms is a multimodal approach.


Question: How many children have ADHD?

Answer: It affects an estimated 5.2 million school-age children in the U. S. Everyone, especially younger children, may have symptoms of ADHD from time to time.


Question: What are characteristics of ADHD?

Answer: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and the inability to control impulses.


Question: How do I know if my child has ADHD?

Answer: Or it could help a child complete homework.


Question: Why is a medical history and exam necessary for ADHD treatment?

Answer: A higher risk of strokes, heart attacks, and sudden death among patients with existing heart conditions has been linked to use of ADHD medications. An increased risk of psychiatric problems has also been linked to ADHD medications.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD medicine?

Answer: Side effects of ADHD medicines can include: Anxiety Decreased appetite Fatigue Irritability Sleeping difficulties Skin discoloration (with patches) Upset stomach Most side effects are minor and improve with time. In some cases, doctors may lower a medication dosage to relieve side effects.


Question: How does multimodal treatment benefit children with ADHD?

Answer: It also was effective for those with anxiety and depression in addition to ADHD. Children who receive multimodal treatment may need lower doses of medications compared to children only receiving medication. A multimodal plan is effective for most children.


Question: What does education for parents of children with ADHD involve?

Answer: Educating parents about the disorder and its management is another important part of ADHD treatment. For parents, this may include learning parenting skills to help the child manage his or her behavior. That would involve skills such as giving positive feedback for desirable behaviors, ignoring undesirable behaviors, and giving time-outs when the child's behavior is out of control. In some cases, the child's entire family may be involved in this part of the treatment.


Question: What is the preferred treatment for ADHD in children?

Answer: Treatment guidelines call for behavior therapy as the preferred treatment for preschool children with ADHD. Medicine may be prescribed if further treatment is needed. For older children with ADHD, age 6 and older, an approach that includes both behavior therapy and medication is preferred.


Question: Will I have to try several medications before my child's ADHD symptoms disappear?

Answer: Non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD, include: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ER ( Intuniv) ADHD medications are used to improve children's ability to concentrate and work. Sometimes, a doctor must prescribe different medications or different dosages before finding the best treatment for a child. Doctors and parents need to carefully monitor children taking medications for ADHD.


Question: How is anaphylaxis treated?

Answer: Inhalers and antihistamines won't work. Epinephrine reverses the more serious problems with breathing (wheezing and shortness of breath and the dangerous drop in blood pressure seen in anaphylaxis). The faster it is given, the better. If you're allergic to insect stings or any of the foods that cause anaphylaxis, or if you ever have had an anaphylactic reaction, ask your doctor to prescribe an epinephrine injection kit. Carry two injections at all times, and know how to use them. Make sure your family members, friends, and colleagues know the signs of anaphylaxis and can give you an injection if they need to. Don't hesitate to use it if you start to show any symptoms of anaphylaxis. It won't hurt you to take the shot as a precaution.


Question: What foods can trigger heartburn?

Answer: For example: Onions Peppermint Chocolate Beverages with caffeine Citrus fruits or juices Tomatoes High-fat and spicy foods A heartburn diary is a good way for you to figure out which foods cause your symptoms.


Question: What should you do if your heartburn gets worse after exercise?

Answer: Wait at least 2 hours after a meal to exercise. If you work out any sooner, you may get heartburn. Drink more water. Have plenty before and during exercise.


Question: What should you do if your heartburn is worse when lying down?

Answer: Raise the head of your bed so that your head and chest are higher than your feet. Put 6-inch blocks under the bedposts at the head of your bed. Don't use piles of pillows. You'll put your head at an angle that can put more pressure on your stomach and make your heartburn worse. Eat earlier. Try not to eat for at least 3 hours before you go to sleep.


Question: Is there treatment for an ocular migraine headache?

Answer: Since it is brief, the vision loss of migraine with aura is not usually treated. But you may need relief for the headache that accompanies or follows it.


Question: What drugs can cause schizophrenia?

Answer: Studies show that taking certain mind-altering drugs called psychoactive or psychotropic drugs, such as methamphetamine or LSD, can make you more likely to get schizophrenia. Some research has shown that marijuana use has a similar risk. The younger you start and the more often you use these drugs, the more likely you are to have symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotions, and trouble thinking clearly.


Question: How do genetics cause schizophrenia?

Answer: Think of your genes as a blueprint for your body. If there's a change to these instructions, it can sometimes increase your odds for developing diseases like schizophrenia. Doctors don't think there's just one âschizophrenia gene.â Instead, they think it takes many genetic changes, or mutations, to raise your chances of having the mental illness.


Question: How can the environment cause schizophrenia?

Answer: If you were exposed to certain viral infections before you were born, research suggests that your chances may go up. This could also be true if you didn't get proper nutrition while your mother was pregnant with you, especially during her first 6 months of pregnancy.


Question: What foods with protein can you eat when you're pregnant with type 1 or 2 diabetes?

Answer: Protein can include: Eggs Lean meat or fish Cheese Beans Tofu Nuts or nut butter Carbs can include: Starches, like bread, cooked or dry cereal, rice, pasta, popcorn, or pretzels.


Question: Can alcohol abuse lead to memory loss?

Answer: In large amounts, alcohol makes it harder to form new memories or store information you've learned. If you binge drink -- have many drinks in a short time -- you may sometimes âblack out.â You can forget entire chunks of time. If you keep drinking too much, memory loss can become permanent.


Question: Can depression lead to memory loss?

Answer: Your memory and emotions are closely connected. Depression, stress, or anxiety can affect your focus. When you can't focus, you can't remember very well. If you feel sad or have lost interest in things you once enjoyed, see a mental health professional to get treated. Antidepressants and talk therapy can help with depression.


Question: Can a vitamin B12 deficiency lead to memory loss?

Answer: Too little vitamin B12 in your diet can also affect your memory. This nutrient helps your body use energy from food, and it protects nerve cells so you can think clearly. Your body doesn't make vitamin B12. You get it from foods such as meat, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs. Some vegans might not get enough vitamin B12 from diet alone. If you're low in this vitamin, ask your doctor about taking a supplement.


Question: Can brain tumors cause memory loss?

Answer: Damage to the brain from a tumor or its treatments can affect memory. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation can affect your ability to think clearly. Cancer can also make you so tired that you can't think straight. Take care of yourself while you're being treated for cancer. Eat well and get plenty of rest to save energy and keep your memory.


Question: Can strokes lead to memory loss?

Answer: Without oxygen-rich blood, brain cells start to die. A stroke can cause short-term or long-term memory loss. You might forget things you've learned or get easily confused.


Question: Can head injuries lead to memory loss?

Answer: A fall, car accident, or other hard knock to the head can leave you unable to remember people or events. Even if the injury doesn't knock you unconscious, it can lead to memory loss. Depending on how severe the hit to your head was, the memory issues might go away or be permanent.


Question: What should you do if you have memory loss?

Answer: If you're worried about memory loss, see your doctor. She will ask questions about your symptoms and do tests to find out what's behind the problem. Many causes of memory loss can be treated.


Question: When should I call my doctor about impetigo?

Answer: Call Your Doctor About Impetigo if: You have sores or a rash that worsens or becomes more uncomfortable. An impetigo infection needs prompt medical attention. Small, pus-filled sores form, with a dark brown crust. This indicates ecthyma, a deeper form of skin infection that penetrates into the skin. If left untreated, it may cause scarring and permanent changes in skin pigmentation.


Question: Does impetigo look like herpes?

Answer: NOTE: Sores associated with impetigo may be mistaken for herpes, a viral infection. Impetigo spreads faster and never develops inside the mouth. If in doubt, see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.


Question: Will hearing improve after a child receives ear tubes?

Answer: If your child has hearing loss from fluid build-up, it goes away as soon as the tubes are in. For delays in development, you'll likely see improvement in the weeks and months ahead.


Question: Why do kids get so many ear infections?

Answer: They happen when viruses or bacteria collect in the middle ear, the space right behind the eardrum. Children get more ear infections than adults because their bodies are still developing. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground. That means they don't drain as well even when a young one is healthy. When the Eustachian tubes swell or fill with mucus, perhaps during a cold, it's even worse. It creates just the right conditions for bacteria to thrive, which can lead to infection. And for some kids, it just happens more often.


Question: When should ear tubes be considered for a child's ear infections?

Answer: Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped. The other main reason is if your child has fluid build-up that causes hearing loss, even if there's no infection.


Question: How are ear infections in children treated?

Answer: It also explains the following signs and symptoms: Fluid coming from the ear Hard time sleeping More fussiness or crying than normal, especially when lying down Seeming clumsy or having trouble with balance Tugging at an ear Your doctor might take a wait-and-see approach. Often, a typical infection goes away on its own, especially if it's from a virus. Sometimes your child needs antibiotics to kill infections caused by bacteria.


Question: When is treatment needed for ear infections?

Answer: It also explains the following signs and symptoms: Fluid coming from the ear Hard time sleeping More fussiness or crying than normal, especially when lying down Seeming clumsy or having trouble with balance Tugging at an ear Your doctor might take a wait-and-see approach. Often, a typical infection goes away on its own, especially if it's from a virus. Sometimes your child needs antibiotics to kill infections caused by bacteria. But some kids just get a lot of ear infections and sometimes they don't clear up very easily. Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections.


Question: What are ear tubes for ear infections?

Answer: Ear tubes are like a section of a really tiny drinking straw. They're round, hollow, and usually made of metal or plastic. Your doctor makes a small opening in the eardrum and puts in the tube to let air into the middle ear.


Question: Can ear infections cause long-term problems?

Answer: Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections.


Question: How do ear tubes help for ear infections?

Answer: They help air flow into the ear, which keeps pressure even and helps the ear drain better. With better airflow, fluid won't build up and bacteria won't have such a friendly home. If your child has hearing loss from fluid build-up, it goes away as soon as the tubes are in. For delays in development, you'll likely see improvement in the weeks and months ahead. Some ear tubes are for the short-term.


Question: Why are ear tubes used to treat ear infections?

Answer: Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections. Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped. The other main reason is if your child has fluid build-up that causes hearing loss, even if there's no infection.


Question: What is inattentive type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, predominantly inattentive type: People with this type have inattention but not hyperactive or impulsive behavior. This type of ADHD was formerly known as attention deficit disorder ( ADD).


Question: What is combined type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, combined type: The most common type of the disorder. People with this type of ADHD have inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.


Question: What is hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type: With this type, people have both hyperactive and impulsive behavior, but they may not show enough symptoms of inattention to fall into the combined type.


Question: What is executive function deficit?

Answer: Executive function deficit: Executive function is a set of mental skills that make sure things get done. Someone with an executive function deficit has a hard time planning or starting tasks and seeing them through. People with ADHD often have this deficit.


Question: What are non-stimulants?

Answer: Nonstimulants: This type of medication is sometimes used to treat symptoms of ADHD. They work by decreasing impulsive behavior or improving attention span.


Question: What does the term "neural" mean ?

Answer: Neural: Related to the nervous system.


Question: What are psychostimulants or stimulants?

Answer: Psychostimulants or Stimulants: These medicines are often prescribed for people with ADHD. They affect dopamine activity in the brain and can help them focus their thoughts and ignore distractions.


Question: What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer: Neurotransmitter: A chemical in the brain that acts as a messenger to help transmit nerve impulses between brain cells.


Question: Who can get macular dystrophy?

Answer: There are two types of macular retinal dystrophy. A form called Best disease usually appears in childhood and causes different amounts of vision loss. The second usually affects you in mid-adulthood. It causes vision loss that slowly gets worse. People with Best disease usually have a parent who has it. Parents pass the gene on to their children. It's less clear how adult-onset macular retinal dystrophy is passed from parent to child. You may not have any other family members with the condition.


Question: What you need to know about macular dystrophy?

Answer: Macular retinal dystrophy is a rare genetic eye disorder that causes vision loss. Macular retinal dystrophy affects the back of your eye, or retina. It leads to cell damage in an area called the macula, which controls how you see what's out in front of you. When it happens, you have trouble seeing straight ahead. This makes it tough to read, drive, or do other daily activities that require you to look straight ahead. It's caused by a pigment that builds up in the macula's cells. Over time, this substance can damage cells that play a key role in clear central vision. Your sight gets blurry or warped. But your side, or peripheral, vision isn't harmed.


Question: Who gets macular dystrophy?

Answer: People with Best disease usually have a parent who has it. Parents pass the gene on to their children. It's less clear how adult-onset macular retinal dystrophy is passed from parent to child. You may not have any other family members with the condition.


Question: How do long-lasting schizophrenia drugs work?

Answer: Long-lasting drugs, which your doctor may call long-acting injectables, improve symptoms the same way as pills called antipsychotics. They change how some of your brain chemicals act.


Question: What are the advantages of taking long-acting injectable drugs to treat schizophrenia?

Answer: Anyone who has to take a daily pill knows that it can be tough to stay on schedule. But people with schizophrenia and other serious forms of mental illness have extra challenges. They sometimes don't think they are sick, especially in the early stages of their disease. They may hear voices that persuade them not to take medication. If they do take it, they might stop as soon as their symptoms go away. In several studies, only 40% to 60% of people with schizophrenia stay on track with their daily meds.


Question: What is the right medicine for someone with schizophrenia?

Answer: You may also have to continue taking your daily pill for the first few weeks after getting your first long-acting shot, since it will take some time for enough of the drug to get released into your body. Your doctor can help you decide what type of medicine is best. You may have to try several to find the right one for you. Whether you end up using a daily pill or a long-lasting drug, chances are there's one that can help you manage your schizophrenia or bipolar symptoms.


Question: How do the side effects of daily pills differ from those associated with long-acting injectable drugs for schizophrenia?

Answer: Antipsychotic medicines can also make you sleepy or dizzy, and they can cause skin rashes, rapid heartbeat, blurred vision, and muscle shakiness or stiffness. Some can also make you gain weight and put you at risk for diabetes or high cholesterol. These side effects can happen whether you take the daily pill or the shot. The difference is that the long-acting type takes more time to leave your body. Your doctor can stop or change the dosage of daily medicine that's causing a bad reaction, but you'll have to wait weeks for a long-lasting drug to run its course.


Question: How often does someone with schizophrenia take paliperidone?

Answer: These antipsychotic drugs come in a long-lasting form: Aripiprazole ( Abilify Maintena) Aripiprazole lauroxil ( Aristada) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Olanzapine pamoate ( Zyprexa Relprevv) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Risperidone ( Risperdal Consta) Paliperidone also comes in a newer formula, marketed as Invega Trinza, that you take just four times a year. To get a prescription for this medicine, you first need to use Invega Sustenna, which you take monthly, for at least 4 months.


Question: Which schizophrenia drugs come in a long-lasting form?

Answer: These antipsychotic drugs come in a long-lasting form: Aripiprazole ( Abilify Maintena) Aripiprazole lauroxil ( Aristada) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Olanzapine pamoate ( Zyprexa Relprevv) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Risperidone ( Risperdal Consta) Paliperidone also comes in a newer formula, marketed as Invega Trinza, that you take just four times a year.


Question: How does someone inject long-acting drugs into themselves?

Answer: You don't inject long-acting drugs yourself. You need to go to a doctor or a nurse, who uses a needle to put the medicine into your upper arm or buttocks. Once the medicine gets into your muscle, it's slowly released into your body over days, weeks, or months.


Question: Who are long-lasting drugs for schizophrenia recommended for?

Answer: And because a health care professional has to give you the shot, it's easier for your doctor to know whether you're keeping up with your treatment. Generally, long-lasting drugs are recommended for people whose symptoms get better with pills or liquid meds, but who have trouble taking them every day. So they're often not prescribed until someone has had schizophrenia for several years.


Question: What are the symptoms of anthrax on your skin?

Answer: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.


Question: What are the symptoms of eating anthrax?

Answer: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.


Question: How is meningitis caused by anthrax diagnosed?

Answer: If you might have meningitis caused by anthrax, you may need to get a spinal tap, in which your doctor takes a bit of your spinal fluid to test.


Question: How is anthrax diagnosed in the skin?

Answer: If you have skin symptoms, your doctor may take a small sample of the affected skin to test in a lab. You might get an X-ray of your chest or CT scan if your doctor thinks you might have inhalation anthrax. And a stool test can look for signs of anthrax bacteria in order to diagnose gastrointestinal anthrax.


Question: How can you be exposed to anthrax?

Answer: Inject tainted heroin (known as âinjection anthrax,â it has happened only in northern Europe so far) Most people who get anthrax work with infected animals, or with animal products like wool or hide. If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.


Question: What are symptoms of breathing in anthrax spores?

Answer: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation. You could have: Flulike symptoms including fever, fatigue, body aches, and sore throat. These can last a few hours or days. Shortness of breath Nausea Coughing up blood Pain when you swallow An uncomfortable feeling in your chest Dizziness or confusion Sweating If it worsens, you could also have other symptoms like shock or trouble breathing, or develop a condition called meningitis, which means there is inflammation in the membraines surrounding your brain and spinal cord. This can be life-threatening.


Question: How is anthrax diagnosed in the blood?

Answer: You might also get other tests, depending on the part of your body that's affected. If you have skin symptoms, your doctor may take a small sample of the affected skin to test in a lab. You might get an X-ray of your chest or CT scan if your doctor thinks you might have inhalation anthrax.


Question: What causes anthrax?

Answer: Anthrax is caused by a type of bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Again, it's rare in the United States, but it can live in the soil. The bacteria make spores, which are a form of the bacteria that live in a protective shell. These spores can survive for a long time, even years, in soil. You can get anthrax if spores get into your body, break open and release the bacteria, which make toxins (poison) that harm you.


Question: What are the symptoms of anthrax from illegal drugs?

Answer: If you get anthrax by injecting illegal drugs like heroin, you might have: A group of small blisters or bumps that may be itchy, or redness and swelling where you injected the drug Fever and chills A painless ulcer that replaces the bumps or blisters and has a black center Pockets of pus around the injection site, either under the skin or in your muscle If the disease gets worse, you could go into shock, develop meningitis, or your organs could stop working.


Question: How can you become infected with anthrax?

Answer: It usually only affects farm animals like cows and sheep. But it's possible to become infected if you're in contact with infected animals or products that come from them. Anthrax has also been found in people who have injected heroin. Others at risk for anthrax include people who work with anthrax in a lab or those exposed to it because of bioterroism. Anthrax isn't contagious, so you can't spread it to other people. You should see a doctor right away if you think you might have been exposed to it.


Question: Can pregnant women take ACE inhibitors?

Answer: ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure and cause kidney failure or high potassium levels in the blood of the mother. They can cause death or deformity in the newborn. It is recommended that babies not be breast fed if the mother is taking an ACE inhibitor, because the medicine can pass through breast milk.


Question: What are ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors are high blood pressure drugs that widen or dilate the blood vessels to improve the amount of blood the heart pumps and to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors also increase blood flow, which helps to decrease the amount of work your heart has to do and can help protect your kidneys from the effects of hypertension and diabetes. ACE inhibitors are used to treat a number of heart-related conditions, including high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack, and preventing kidney damage associated with high blood pressure and diabetes.


Question: What is peppermint oil vapor used for?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs. Also, some doctors add peppermint oil to a barium solution to relax the colon during barium enemas.


Question: What conditions can skin preparations containing peppermint oil help with?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs.


Question: Is peppermint oil safe to use?

Answer: In most adults, the small doses of peppermint oil contained in dietary supplements and skin preparations appear to be safe.


Question: Where is peppermint oil derived from?

Answer: Peppermint oil is commonly used as flavoring in foods and beverages and as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics.


Question: What are possible side effects of using peppermint oil?

Answer: Possible side effects of peppermint oil include: Heartburn Allergic reactions such as flushing, headache, and mouth sores Anal burning during bouts of diarrhea Although enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules may reduce the risk of heartburn, their protective coating can break down more quickly and increase the risk of heartburn when taken at the same time as prescription and over-the-counter medications that decrease stomach acid and which are often used for heartburn or acid reflux.


Question: What are ointments containing peppermint oil used for?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs.


Question: What are the benefits of peppermint oil?

Answer: Several studies suggest that enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules -- which allow the oil to pass through the stomach so it can dissolve in the intestines -- may help relieve common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as abdominal pain, bloating, and gas. Non-enteric coated forms of peppermint oil, however, actually may cause or worsen heartburn and nausea. Preliminary studies also suggest that dietary supplements containing a combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil may help relieve indigestion.


Question: What can peppermint oil treat?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs. Also, some doctors add peppermint oil to a barium solution to relax the colon during barium enemas.


Question: What are the medicinal benefits of peppermint oil?

Answer: Several studies suggest that enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules -- which allow the oil to pass through the stomach so it can dissolve in the intestines -- may help relieve common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as abdominal pain, bloating, and gas. Non-enteric coated forms of peppermint oil, however, actually may cause or worsen heartburn and nausea. Preliminary studies also suggest that dietary supplements containing a combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil may help relieve indigestion.


Question: What medical conditions is peppermint oil used for?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs.


Question: What are the side effects of using peppermint oil?

Answer: Peppermint oil may cause side effects such as heartburn and it may interact with certain medications. Talk to your health care provider before using peppermint oil.


Question: What conditions can peppermint oil help with?

Answer: In dietary supplements, peppermint oil has been tried for a variety of digestive problems including: Irritable bowel syndrome Indigestion Heartburn Dietary supplements containing peppermint oil are also used by some people for the following conditions, although there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Nausea Vomiting Morning sickness Cramps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts Diarrhea Gas Colds Coughs Inflammation of the mouth and throat Sinus and respiratory infections Menstrual problems Skin preparations containing peppermint oil are used by some people for the following conditions, although, again, there is no clear evidence that they are helpful: Headache Muscle pain Nerve pain Toothache Inflammation of the mouth Joint conditions Itchiness Allergic rash Repelling mosquitoes In addition, peppermint oil vapor is sometimes inhaled to treat symptoms of colds and coughs.


Question: What is peppermint oil and how is it used?

Answer: Peppermint oil is commonly used as flavoring in foods and beverages and as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics. Peppermint oil also is used for a variety of health conditions and can be taken orally in dietary supplements or topically as a skin cream or ointment.


Question: How should you take peppermint oil capsules to avoid side effects?

Answer: Possible side effects of peppermint oil include: Heartburn Allergic reactions such as flushing, headache, and mouth sores Anal burning during bouts of diarrhea Although enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules may reduce the risk of heartburn, their protective coating can break down more quickly and increase the risk of heartburn when taken at the same time as prescription and over-the-counter medications that decrease stomach acid and which are often used for heartburn or acid reflux. It's best to take such drugs at least two hours after taking enteric-coated peppermint oil products. A stomach condition called achlorhydria, in which the stomach doesn't produce hydrochloric acid, also may hasten the coating's breakdown. So people with the condition are advised against using peppermint oil.


Question: What are signs of sleep problems in children?

Answer: A lack of sleep may cause: Accidents and injuries Behavior problems Mood problems Memory, concentration, and learning problems Performance problems Slower reaction times Overeating Talk to your pediatrician if your child exhibits any of the following signs of a sleep problem: Snoring Breathing pauses during sleep Difficulty falling asleep Problems with sleeping through the night Difficulty staying awake during the day Unexplained decrease in daytime performance Unusual events during sleep such as sleepwalking or nightmares Establish a regular time for bed each night and do not vary from it.


Question: What problems can happen when children don't get enough sleep?

Answer: A lack of sleep may cause: Accidents and injuries Behavior problems Mood problems Memory, concentration, and learning problems Performance problems Slower reaction times Overeating Talk to your pediatrician if your child exhibits any of the following signs of a sleep problem: Snoring Breathing pauses during sleep Difficulty falling asleep Problems with sleeping through the night Difficulty staying awake during the day Unexplained decrease in daytime performance Unusual events during sleep such as sleepwalking or nightmares Establish a regular time for bed each night and do not vary from it.


Question: What are other problems in children with ADHD?

Answer: For children with ADHD, academic difficulties are common. Other problems among children include: Learning disabilities; data from the 1997-98 National Health Interview Survey suggests roughly half of children ages 6-11 may also have a learning disorder. Conduct and oppositional defiant disorder which manifest as disruptive or even criminal behavior Depression and anxiety Relationship problems with peers; estimates are as high as 21% of the number of children with ADHD (versus 2% of children without ADHD) whose behavior interferes with friendships.


Question: What should you know about conditions similar to ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD.


Question: What medical conditions can occur with ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD. In fact, it has been estimated that nearly 75% of adults with ADHD have another condition that complicates the diagnosis and management of the ADHD. For example, some studies have shown: Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, exist in 19% to 37% of adults with ADHD. Anxiety problems exist in 25% to 50% of adults with ADHD. Alcohol abuse exists in 32% to 53% of adults with ADHD. Other types of substance abuse, including marijuana and cocaine use, occur in 8% to 32% of adults with ADHD. Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia.


Question: What other conditions can cause problems similar to ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD.


Question: What medical conditions often occur along with ADHD?

Answer: Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia.


Question: How does light therapy work in treating seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder)?

Answer: A full-spectrum bright light shines indirectly into your eyes. You sit about 2 feet away from a bright light -- about 20 times brighter than normal room lighting. The therapy starts with one 10- to 15-minute session per day. Then the times increase to 30 to 45 minutes a day, depending on your response. Don't look directly at the light source of any light box for long times to avoid possible damage to your eyes.


Question: Is melatonin linked to seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder, or SAD)?

Answer: Some researchers link seasonal depression to the natural hormone melatonin, which causes drowsiness. Light affects the biological clock in our brains that regulates circadian rhythms -- a physiological function that may include mood changes when less sunlight is available in winter . Natural or "full spectrum" light can have an antidepressant effect.


Question: Do antidepressants treat seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder, or SAD)?

Answer: There are different treatments, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Also, if you have another type of depression or bipolar disorder, the treatment may be different. Traditional antidepressants are often used to treat seasonal depression. Bupropion XL is currently the only medication that is FDA-approved specifically to prevent major depressive episodes in people with SAD.


Question: How can hormonal changes cause seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder)?

Answer: While we don't know the exact causes of SAD, some scientists think that certain hormones made deep in the brain trigger attitude-related changes at certain times of year. Experts believe that SAD may be related to these hormonal changes. One theory is that less sunlight during fall and winter leads to the brain making less serotonin, a chemical linked to brain pathways that regulate mood. When nerve cell pathways in the brain that regulate mood don't function normally, the result can be feelings of depression, along with symptoms of fatigue and weight gain.


Question: What can you do to treat seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder, or SAD) if you can't go outside early in the morning?

Answer: Many doctors recommend that people with SAD get outside early in the morning to get more natural light. If this is impossible because of the dark winter months, antidepressant medications or light therapy (phototherapy) may help.


Question: How can you prevent seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder)?

Answer: Spend some time outside every day, even when it's cloudy. The effects of daylight still help. Begin using a 10,000 lux light box when fall starts, even before you feel the effects of winter SAD. Eat a well-balanced diet. This will help you have more energy, even if you're craving starchy and sweet foods. Exercise for 30 minutes a day, five times a week. Stay involved with your social circle and regular activities. Social support is very important.


Question: When should I call my doctor about seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder)?

Answer: If you feel depressed, fatigued, and irritable the same time each year, and these feelings seem to be seasonal in nature, you may have a form of SAD. Talk openly with your doctor about your feelings.


Question: What are the winter symptoms of seasonal depression (seasonal affective disorder, or SAD)?

Answer: People with SAD have many of the normal warning signs of depression, including: Less energy Trouble concentrating Fatigue Greater appetite Increased desire to be alone Greater need for sleep Weight gain Less appetite Trouble sleeping Weight loss If you've been feeling depressed and have some of the above symptoms, see your doctor for an assessment.


Question: What is degenerative disk disease?

Answer: Change in the condition of the disk is a natural result of aging. This is part of our gradual loss of flexibility as we grow older. But disk degeneration is far more serious in some people than in others. Severe cases may be the result of a deficiency in collagen, the material that makes up cartilage. Poor muscle tone, poor posture, and obesity also put excessive strain on the spine and the ligaments that hold the disks in place.


Question: What is a herniated disk?

Answer: Under stress, a disk's inner material may swell, pushing through its tough outer membrane. The entire disk can become distorted or bulge in spots. With an injury, all or part of the core material may protrude through the outer casing at a weak spot, pressing against surrounding nerves. If further activity or injury causes the membrane to rupture or tear, the disk material may further extrude, causing pressure on the spinal cord or the nerves that radiate from it. This may result in extreme pain. In the beginning, there may be spasms in the back or neck which will greatly limit your movement. If nerves are affected, you may develop pain that moves into a leg or an arm. The vast majority of disk injuries occur in the lumbar region of the lower back. Only 10% of these injuries affect the upper spine. Not all herniated disks press on nerves, however, and it is entirely possible to have deformed disks without any pain or discomfort.


Question: When should I call 911 about a muscle strain?

Answer: There's significant swelling, pain, fever, bleeding, or open cuts. The person heard a âpoppingâ sound or can't walk, and there is no other way that they can safely and quickly be transported to a medical facility.


Question: How can I manage pain and inflammation from muscle strain?

Answer: Take an over-the-counter pain medication like aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin). Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 18.


Question: When should I call a doctor about muscle strain?

Answer: Call a health care provider if: After a day or two the person can't move or put weight on the affected area. The injured area is cool, pale, or changes color. There is tingling or numbness. There is new or severe pain. The person needs advice on how (and how soon) to resume normal exercise and activity.


Question: What if over-the-counter sleeping pills don't work for chronic fatigue syndrome sleeping problems?

Answer: If over-the-counter sleeping pills don't do the trick, your doctor might try you on a prescription sleeping pill. The goal with these drugs is to get your sleep on track at the lowest possible dose in the shortest amount of time. You aren't supposed to take them long term.


Question: What might your doctor suggest as a sleep aid for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: If this doesn't improve your sleep, she might suggest an over-the-counter sleep aid, such as an over-the-counter antihistamine. While these can help you sleep soundly through the night, the downside is that the effects can last more than 8 hours. This means you could feel drowsy throughout the day, which is exactly what you're trying to avoid. But not all sleep aids affect everyone in the same way. Talk to your doctor about which type would be best for you and how to take it.


Question: How will your doctor check to see if you have good sleep habits if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Many people with ME/ CFS have some kind of sleep disorder. Getting a good (or at least better) night's sleep could help you feel less tired during the day. First, your doctor will probably make sure you have good sleep habits. These include sticking to a regular bedtime and wake time and keeping your bedroom quiet, dark, and cool.


Question: What are side effects of prescription sleep medications that your doctor may prescribe for chronic fatigue syndrome sleeping problems?

Answer: For example: Trazodone ( Desyrel) Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Muscle relaxants All prescription sleep medications cause side effects. But some of them -- daytime sleepiness, dizziness, unsteadiness, and memory lapse -- are also symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. You and your doctor should weigh the pros and cons. The beneficial effects of many of these medicines wear off in a few weeks, so they are not useful for long-term treatment.


Question: What do you do if chronic fatigue syndrome causes muscle and joint pain?

Answer: If ME/ CFS gives you muscle and joint pain, your doctor might suggest over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen. If these don't help, your doctor might prescribe stronger pain medications or refer you to a pain specialist.


Question: Are there medicines that can ease dizziness from chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome feel dizzy or light-headed whenever they stand or sit upright. If that sounds like you, prescription drugs that might help.


Question: What should you do if you have chronic fatigue syndrome and get depressed?

Answer: These include: Fludrocortisone ( Florinef) Midodrine ( Pro Amatine) Propranolol XL ( Inderal) About half of people with chronic fatigue syndrome develop depression at some point. If you and your doctor decide that an antidepressant is right for you, your doctor will choose one that's least likely to cause side effects that could worsen your chronic fatigue syndrome. She may also recommend that you go to a counselor for talk therapy.


Question: Can stimulant medications ease chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some people are prescribed stimulants, like the ones used to treat ADHD. These medicines help ease fatigue and problems with memory and concentration. But they are tricky for chronic fatigue syndrome. They may give you energy and focus, which could cause you to get stuck in a cycle of overdoing it and then âcrashing.â That would make your condition worse. Since people with ME/ CFS are very sensitive to any medicines that affect the brain, some people experience irritation and agitation taking stimulants, in conventional doses. They should be prescribed in low doses, by doctors who frequently prescribe them and know how to handle the side effects. If you and your doctor decide to try a stimulant, there are a lot to choose from. She will help you pick the best one for you.


Question: What are different types of medication that can tame heartburn?

Answer: Antacids: Many of these products combine aluminum, magnesium, or calcium with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions to stop stomach acid. Histamine 2 blockers (also called H2 blockers) target a substance called histamine. The result is that your stomach makes less acid, which cuts down on heartburn.


Question: What are some lifestyle changes that can help ease heartburn?

Answer: Simple daily changes might be all you need, such as: Stop smoking. Lose weight, if needed. Eat small meals, more often. Avoid tight clothing. Don't lie down for 3 hours after eating. Raise the head of your bed by 6-8 inches. Avoid food or beverages that might make symptoms worse. If you're thinking of trying medicine, talk it over with your doctor, even if you can buy it âover the counter,â which means you don't need a prescription.


Question: What are commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that can treat heartburn?

Answer: Commonly used H2 blockers are: Famotidine ( Pepcid as a prescription, Pepcid- AC as an OTC medication) Cimetidine ( Tagamet and Tagamet- HB) Nizatidine ( Axid and Axid AR) Ranitidine ( Zantac and Zantac 75) Proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) block the enzyme in the stomach wall that makes acid. Commonly used PPIs are: Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Esomeprazole ( Nexium and Nexium 24 HR) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Rabeprazole ( Acip Hex) Omeprazole (several names, including Zegerid and Prilosec, which is available in both prescription and nonprescription strengths)


Question: When should you call your doctor about using blood thinners?

Answer: Let your doctor know right away if you notice any signs of unusual bleeding, like: Heavier-than-normal menstrual periods Blood in your urine or stool Bleeding from your gums or nose Vomiting or coughing up blood Dizziness Weaknesses A severe headache or stomach ache If you take an anticoagulant like warfarin, you'll need regular blood tests so your doctor can adjust your levels if needed. Ask him about other steps you should take to stay safe while you're on this medication. Be careful with activities that can lead to head injuries.


Question: Can your diet affect blood thinners?

Answer: Don't start any new medicines without their OK. And remember that your diet is also very important. Some foods -- like green, leafy vegetables -- contain vitamin K. This can counteract the blood thinners. Talk to your doctor about your diet.


Question: Why do people use blood thinners?

Answer: If you have atrial fibrillation, blood thinners can help keep you from having a stroke. That's one of the most common reasons doctors prescribe it.


Question: What are antiplatelets?

Answer: These target tiny particles in the blood called platelets. They come in pill form, and include: Aspirin Clopidogrel ( Plavix) Dipyridamole ( Persantine) Prasugrel ( Effient) Ticagrelor ( Brilinta) Vorapaxar ( Zontivity) How They Work Blood thinners don't actually make your blood thinner.


Question: Who needs to use blood thinners?

Answer: About 2 million to 3 million people take blood thinners every year. You may need them if you've already had a heart attack or a stroke, since they can lower your risk of having a second one. You may also need this type of medicine if you have a heart or blood vessel disease, an irregular heart rhythm, lupus, or deep vein thrombosis. ( DVT is a dangerous type of blood clot that often forms in the leg.) You also have a greater risk for blood clots if you're overweight, recently had surgery, or have an artificial heart valve.


Question: What are the risks associated with using blood thinners?

Answer: Risks Clotting isn't always a bad thing: When you cut yourself, it's what seals your wound and keeps you from losing too much blood. Blood thinners prevent clotting. So, even tiny cuts or bruises will bleed a lot more if you take these drugs.


Question: What are anticoagulants?

Answer: These keep your blood from clotting, or turning into solid clumps of cells that stick together. Most come in pill form. Some popular ones in this category include: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Fondaparinux ( Arixtra) Heparin ( Fragmin, Innohep, and Lovenox) Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven) Other, more powerful types of this blood thinner are given as a shot or through an IV, either in the hospital or at home. Some of the more well-known ones are heparin and fondaparinux.


Question: How do blood thinners work?

Answer: Nor can they break up clots. But they do keep blood from forming new clots. They can also slow the growth of existing ones. Some anticoagulants do this by competing with vitamin K from the liver. Your body needs this to make proteins called clotting factors. These help blood cells and platelets (tiny pieces of blood cells) bind together. Antiplatelets keep platelets from sticking to each other and to the walls of blood vessels. These drugs are weaker than anticoagulants. They're often prescribed to people at risk for future blood clots, rather than to treat existing ones.


Question: Are blood thinners dangerous?

Answer: The lifesaving benefits of these drugs often outweigh the potential dangers. Still, it's important to learn about both before you start taking them.


Question: How can you calm down your baby with colic?

Answer: Your baby may calm down if you: Lay him on his back in a dark, quiet room. Swaddle him snugly in a blanket. Lay him across your lap and gently rub his back. Try infant massage. Put a warm water bottle on your baby's belly. Have him suck on a pacifier. Soak him in a warm bath.


Question: When should you call the doctor about your baby's colic?

Answer: Also call your doctor if your baby: Has diarrhea, especially if you notice blood in it Doesn't eat or gain weight Has a fever of 100.4 F or more Vomits Might be sick or injured Seems less alert or more sleepy than usual


Question: How can taking a break help with your baby's colic?

Answer: Colic isn't just hard on your baby. It can wear you out, too. When the pressure of trying to calm your crying baby gets to be too much, leave him with a sitter, family member, or trusted friend and get out of the house. Even if you just go for a walk or grab lunch, take a break to relieve some stress. When no one is around to help, it's OK to leave your baby in the crib or playpen and go into another room briefly until you regroup.


Question: Does niacin treat cholesterol?

Answer: Doctors may prescribe this to help raise HDL ("good") cholesterol. To be effective, it must be taken in large doses. Unfortunately, in these amounts it often causes skin flushing and upset stomach. Newer versions of niacin made to minimize these side effects may be easier to take. Despite its effects on cholesterol levels, an important scientific study recently found that adding niacin to statin therapy did not lower the risk of future heart problems.


Question: When should you start getting your cholesterol checked?

Answer: It's a simple blood test. Your doctor may ask you to not eat or drink overnight before the test, so they can check your total cholesterol, your HDL (âgoodâ) cholesterol, and your LDL ("badâ) cholesterol.


Question: What are fibric acid derivatives for cholesterol?

Answer: Doctors occasionally prescribe these to raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels. They also mildly lower LDL.


Question: Does changing your habits help to lower cholesterol?

Answer: Near optimal/ Above optimal: 100-129 Borderline high: Between 130 and 159 High: Above 160 tp 189 Very high: 190 and above If you have high cholesterol or want to prevent it, most doctors and dietitians agree that changing your habits is your first line of defense. That means eating a diet low in saturated fat and simple carbohydrates, avoiding trans fats, getting more fiber, keeping your weight healthy, exercising regularly, and not smoking.


Question: What are statins for cholesterol?

Answer: These are among the most widely used drugs to lower total and LDL cholesterol. Statins available in the U. S. are atorvastatin ( Lipitor). fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastate in (altoprev, Mevacor), pitavastatin ( Livalo), pravastatin ( Flolipid, Pravachol), rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor), or simvastatin ( Zocor). These drugs block the liver's ability to make cholesterol.


Question: What are bile acid binders for cholesterol?

Answer: Also known as cholestyramine and colestipol, these may lower total and LDL cholesterol in some people. Side effects include bloating, gas, and constipation. If your cholesterol level can't be controlled by using medication, your doctor may try to combine a bile acid binder and a statin.


Question: What is proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors for cholesterol?

Answer: Proprotein convertase substilisin kexin type 9 ( PCSK9) inhibitors. This is a new class of cholesterol lowering drugs which is used in patients who cannot control their cholesterol through diet and statin treatments in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.


Question: What are guidelines for HDL ("Good") cholesterol levels?

Answer: But here are the general guidelines: Total Cholesterol Levels Desirable: Below 200 Borderline high: Between 200 and 239 High: 240 or more HDL (â Good') Cholesterol Levels Excellent: 60 and above Normal: 40 to 59 Too low: Below 40 LDL (â Bad') Cholesterol Levels Optimal: Less than 100.


Question: What is  ezetimibe (zetia) for cholesterol?

Answer: This drug limits the amount of cholesterol the small intestine can absorb. People who take it also usually take a statin, which can result reduce cholesterol another 25%. Zetia is controversial, however, because of less evidence that it lowers the risk of heart attack or death from heart disease.


Question: What should you eat to help treat psoriasis?

Answer: There's no solid evidence that any one food makes psoriasis better or worse. At the same time, many say their sores got better after they cut back on foods like sugar, white flour, or caffeine. It won't hurt to try, especially if you cut out not so healthy foods.


Question: How can quitting smoking help treat your psoriasis?

Answer: You can add psoriasis to the long list of health problems this habit makes worse. In one study, people who smoked more than a pack a day were twice as likely to have a serious case as those who smoked half a pack or less. The effects were even stronger in women who already had psoriasis. Kicking the habit is one of the best things you can do to care for your condition.


Question: Can smoking make psoriasis worse?

Answer: You can add psoriasis to the long list of health problems this habit makes worse. In one study, people who smoked more than a pack a day were twice as likely to have a serious case as those who smoked half a pack or less. The effects were even stronger in women who already had psoriasis. Kicking the habit is one of the best things you can do to care for your condition.


Question: How should I bathe if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Baths and showers can dry your skin. To keep that from happening: Make sure the water's not too hot. Lukewarm is best. Add non-fragrance salts or oil or finely ground oatmeal to bathwater after you've soaked for a minute. Plain water can suck moisture out. Take fewer showers and baths. They can strip your skin of natural oils. Bathe every other day or every third day, especially in the winter.


Question: How can I keep psoriasis from affecting my emotional health?

Answer: Don't let your condition affect your self-esteem. Ask for help if you find it's taking a toll on you. Talk to a therapist such as a psychologist or social worker or join a support group. Time with other people who understand what you're going through can help.


Question: How should you tend to your mental health to help with psoriasis?

Answer: Don't let your condition affect your self-esteem. Ask for help if you find it's taking a toll on you. Talk to a therapist such as a psychologist or social worker or join a support group. Time with other people who understand what you're going through can help.


Question: Is there a link between poorly managed diabetes and erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Poorly managed diabetes : Diabetes can affect blood flow to your penis. Maintain a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and take your medicine as prescribed.


Question: Can an active lifestyle lower your risk for erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Inactive lifestyle: If you want to reduce your chance of getting ED, get off the couch. Regular exercise can help to make sure that when the time comes, you're ready.


Question: How can being overweight raise your odds of getting erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Being overweight : Carrying extra pounds increases your risk of blood vessel disease, a cause of ED.


Question: How can smoking raise your chances of getting erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Smoking : It increases your risk of hardening of the arteries. This reduces blood flow to the penis. It's that blood flow that helps you get an erection.


Question: Is alcohol linked to erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Alcohol: If you have more than two drinks a day, you could be hurting your ability to get an erection. Alcohol restricts blood flow to the penis and can hinder production of testosterone. Low testosterone can affect not only your performance, but your desire, too.


Question: How do you diagnose persistent depressive disorder?

Answer: It is marked by a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. In children and teens, moods can be irritable for at least 1 year to be called Persistent Depressive Disorder.


Question: What are your chances of getting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) if one parent has the disease?

Answer: That's why this kind of PKD is called âautosomal dominant,â meaning only one parent has to pass on a broken gene. If one parent has the disease, each child has a 50-50 chance of getting it. You can get ADPKD even if neither of your parents had the disease. This happens when one of your PKD genes gets a defect on its own. But it's rare for someone to get it this way.


Question: What happens if your cysts from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) grow big enough to damage your kidneys?

Answer: Other signs that you have ADPKD include: Pain in your back or sides, often because of a burst cyst, a kidney stone, or a urinary tract infection Blood in your pee Swelling in your belly as the cysts grow Over time, cysts may grow big enough to damage your kidneys, and for some people, can cause them to fail. If that happens, you may have: Fatigue The need to pee often Irregular periods Nausea Shortness of breath Swollen ankles, hands, and feet Erectile dysfunction If your doctor thinks there's a problem with your kidneys, she may want you see a nephrologist, a specialist who treats kidney diseases.


Question: What are other ways to combat fatigue from prostate cancer?

Answer: Other ways to combat fatigue include: Maintaining good nutrition; extra B vitamins seem to help lessen fatigue during radiation treatments.


Question: What factors contribute to fatigue related to prostate cancer?

Answer: More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue. Several other factors could contribute to fatigue, including: Tumor cells compete for nutrients, often at the expense of the normal cells' growth. Decreased nutrition from the side effects of treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, taste changes, heartburn, or diarrhea) can also cause fatigue. Cancer treatments, specifically chemotherapy, can cause reduced blood counts, which may lead to anemia, a blood disorder that occurs when the blood cannot adequately transport oxygen through the body. When tissues don't get enough oxygen, fatigue can result. Medicines used to treat side effects such as nausea, pain, depression, anxiety, and seizures can also cause fatigue. Research shows that chronic, severe pain increases fatigue. Stress can worsen feelings of fatigue. Stress can result from dealing with the disease and the "unknowns," as well as from worrying about daily tasks or trying to meet others' needs. Fatigue may result when you try to maintain your normal daily routines and activities during treatments. Modifying your schedule and activities can help conserve energy. Depression and fatigue often go hand-in-hand. It may not be clear which started first. One way to sort this out is to try to understand your depressed feelings and how they affect your life. If you are depressed all the time, were depressed before your cancer diagnosis, or are preoccupied with feeling worthless and useless, you may need treatment for depression.


Question: What does liraglutide (Victoza) do?

Answer: What it does: Like the other GLP-1 drugs, liraglutide cues your pancreas to release insulin. This moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows digestion.


Question: What does albiglutide (Tanzeum) do?

Answer: What it does: After you eat, albiglutide helps your pancreas release insulin, which moves blood sugar (glucose) into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows down digestion.


Question: What does exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta) do?

Answer: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, exenatide tells your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much glucagon your body makes. This hormone prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.


Question: What is pramlintide (Symlin)?

Answer: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called amylin, which your pancreas makes along with insulin when your blood sugar levels rise.


Question: What does dulaglutide (Trulicity) do?

Answer: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, dulaglutide prompts your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes, since glucagon normally spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.


Question: Who can take albiglutide (Tanzeum)?

Answer: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes and haven't had success with other treatment. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor, since researchers haven't studied albiglutide in pregnant women.


Question: What are side effects of liraglutide (Victoza)?

Answer: Side effects: The most common ones include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), which may be severe, is another side effect. All GLP-1 drugs, including liraglutide, have a boxed warning noting that in animal studies, this type of drug has been linked to thyroid cancer in some rats and mice. Experts don't know whether it has the same effect in people. It's possible to have an allergic reaction to liraglutide, or to get low blood sugar while you're taking it. If you get dehydrated from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, that could lead to kidney failure.


Question: What is liraglutide (Victoza)?

Answer: It helps your body release more insulin. This helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells.


Question: What is albiglutide (Tanzeum)?

Answer: Other drugs include: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). Your intestines normally release this substance when you eat. It helps control your blood sugar.


Question: What is dulaglutide (Trulicity)?

Answer: It helps your body release more insulin and move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells.


Question: Who can take liraglutide (Victoza)?

Answer: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes but haven't had results with other treatment. You take it in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea drug. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor. Liraglutide hasn't been studied in pregnant women.


Question: What are the side effects of pramlintide (Symlin)?

Answer: Side effects: Nausea is the most common one. Starting this drug at a low dose and increasing it slowly can help fight the nausea. Other side effects include less appetite, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, dizziness, or indigestion. The drug can also cause low blood sugar if you don't adjust the amount of insulin you're taking.


Question: Who can take exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)?

Answer: Who can take it: Adults with type 2 diabetes for whom other treatment hasn't worked. If you think you might get pregnant, talk to your doctor. Researchers haven't studied this drug in pregnant women.


Question: What does pramlintide (Symlin) do?

Answer: What it does: You take pramlintide with insulin before a meal. The two drugs work together to lower your blood sugar. Pramlintide also helps you digest food more slowly. This puts less sugar into your bloodstream. In addition to controlling your A1 C levels, pramlintide helps lessen your appetite, so you eat less.


Question: How does liraglutide (Victoza)  treat my diabetes?

Answer: What it does: Like the other GLP-1 drugs, liraglutide cues your pancreas to release insulin. This moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows digestion.


Question: How does pramlintide (Symlin) treat my diabetes?

Answer: What it does: You take pramlintide with insulin before a meal. The two drugs work together to lower your blood sugar. Pramlintide also helps you digest food more slowly. This puts less sugar into your bloodstream. In addition to controlling your A1 C levels, pramlintide helps lessen your appetite, so you eat less.


Question: Is exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta) medication for diabetes?

Answer: What it is: Exenatide was the first GLP-1 drug approved by the FDA. Byetta came first. You take it as a shot twice daily. Bydureon is the newer, extended-release version, which you inject once a week. You can't take both drugs.


Question: Can I take liraglutide (Victoza)  to treat my diabetes?

Answer: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes but haven't had results with other treatment. You take it in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea drug. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor. Liraglutide hasn't been studied in pregnant women.


Question: Is pramlintide (Symlin) medication to treat my diabetes?

Answer: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called amylin, which your pancreas makes along with insulin when your blood sugar levels rise.


Question: How does dulaglutide (Trulicity) treat my diabetes?

Answer: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, dulaglutide prompts your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes, since glucagon normally spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.