Question: How is chronic insomnia treated?

Answer: Primary insomnia: Primary insomnia means that a person is having sleep problems that are not directly associated with any other health condition or problem. If insomnia continues, your health care provider may suggest behavioral therapy. Behavioral approaches help you to change behaviors that may worsen insomnia and to learn new behaviors to promote sleep. Techniques such as relaxation exercises, sleep restriction therapy, and reconditioning may be useful.


Question: Can ADHD symptoms be caused by anything else going on in my child's life?

Answer: The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her. Did the behaviors you're concerned about just pop up recently? Your child could just be shaken up because of a big life change, like a divorce, job loss, or death in the family. Medical problems, like serious ear infections, depression, or anxiety can cause ADHD-like symptoms, too.


Question: How can I find out for sure if my child has ADHD?

Answer: There's no single test for ADHD. Your child's pediatrician will want to know her symptoms and when they started. He may also want to do some tests to rule out other health problems that could change the way your child acts. He might also want to send your child to a children's mental health specialist, like a child psychologist or psychiatrist, for a more detailed checkup. These doctors may ask to speak to other adults in your child's life, like coaches or teachers. Only then -- if your child meets the criteria for ADHD -- will she be officially diagnosed.


Question: Can unresponsiveness be a sign that my child has ADHD?

Answer: If your child doesn't respond when you talk to her or even seem to notice you're there, you might wonder if she's hard of hearing. Or if she's simply ignoring you. The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her.


Question: Can daydreaming be a sign that my child has ADHD?

Answer: Only your doctor can say for sure whether your child has it. It's hard to know if your child is more distracted, wiggly, or forgetful than other kids (they're all a little like that once in a while!). But if she has the âinattentiveâ type of ADHD, she'll daydream a lot, may be too wrapped up in her own thoughts to hear you, and often seem like she can't focus. Symptoms of ADHD usually show up when kids are young -- around age 12 on average.


Question: What causes antidepressant discontinuation syndrome?

Answer: Your doctor may diagnose you with antidepressant discontinuation symptoms if: You suddenly develop symptoms days after stopping an antidepressant Symptoms rapidly go away when you start taking the antidepressant again There's no way to predict if you will have discontinuation symptoms after quitting an antidepressant. Scientists are not exactly sure why some people develop antidepressant discontinuation syndrome while others do not. Antidepressants help restore the normal function of naturally occurring, mood-regulating substances in the brain, called neurotransmitters, including serotonin and norepinephrine. Some mental health experts theorize that abruptly stopping an antidepressant simply does not give your brain time to adjust to the rapid changes.


Question: How are antidepressant discontinuation symptoms diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may diagnose you with antidepressant discontinuation symptoms if: You suddenly develop symptoms days after stopping an antidepressant Symptoms rapidly go away when you start taking the antidepressant again There's no way to predict if you will have discontinuation symptoms after quitting an antidepressant.


Question: How can I safely stop using antidepressants?

Answer: If you are thinking about stopping your antidepressant therapy, talk to your doctor to discuss the risks and benefits of discontinuing treatment. Never stop "cold turkey." In many cases, the best way to stop taking most antidepressants is to slowly cut back your dose under the guidance of your doctor. This is called tapering. Tapering helps your brain adjust to the chemical changes and can help prevent discontinuation symptoms. Your doctor will tell you how to lower your dose over a couple of days. Never try to do this on your own. Sometimes, doctors can prescribe medicines to help with discontinuation symptoms such as nausea or insomnia. They also may advise switching from a short- to a long-acting antidepressant to ease the transition off of a medicine for depression. Discontinuation symptoms usually go away within a few weeks.


Question: Which long-acting antidepressants can lead to discontinuation symptoms?

Answer: Other short-acting medications that affect mainly serotonin include: Celexa (citalopram) Lexapro (escitalopram) Paxil (paroxetine) Zoloft (sertraline) Withdrawal is less common with medications that take longer for the body to clear, such as Prozac (fluoxetine) or Trintellix (vortioxetine). However, longer-acting antidepressants can still sometimes cause discontinuation symptoms. Discontinuation symptoms have also been reported in people who stop taking older types of antidepressant medications, including tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs).


Question: What are the symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation?

Answer: Symptoms of antidepressant withdrawal depend on the specific medication you have been taking. Symptoms most often occur within three days of stopping the antidepressant. They are usually mild and go away within about two weeks. Symptoms can include: Anxiety Depression and mood swings Dizziness and balance problems, possibly vertigo Electric shock sensations Fatigue Flu-like symptoms Headache Loss of coordination Muscle spasms Nausea Nightmares Tremors Trouble sleeping Vomiting In rare cases, antidepressant withdrawal may cause mania. Certain, older types of antidepressants called MAOIs can lead to confusion and psychotic symptoms.


Question: What should you know about antidepressant discontinuation?

Answer: These symptoms are not technically the same thing as physical "withdrawal" from a drug. Physiological withdrawal happens when someone is taking a drug that can be addictive. This leads to craving and drug-seeking behavior. Antidepressants are not addictive or habit-forming. Unlike drug withdrawal, antidepressant discontinuation effects are not related to addiction but can reflect physiological consequences of stopping a drug, just as when someone with diabetes stops insulin. About one in five people who take an antidepressant for six or more weeks may experience discontinuation symptoms if they suddenly stop taking the medicine. Tapering down your medication gradually under the supervision of your health care provider can help avoid or minimize symptoms. However, it is still possible in those who decrease their dose too rapidly or sometimes even slowly quit the medicine. However, discontinuation symptoms are more likely with antidepressants that stay in your body for a shorter period of time, especially those that affect both serotonin and norepinephrine, such as Effexor (venlafaxine) and Cymbalta (duloxetine).


Question: What are tips to make my hair look fuller?

Answer: Find a great barber or stylist. If you've always worn your hair parted on the left, try shifting it to the right or center. It's key to have a plan for upkeep, since hair color can make hair loss stand out if your roots are too noticeable. If you have mild to moderate hair loss, fiber hair cosmetics can be a quick fix for adding volume. These products use statically charged fibers that you sprinkle over your hair to make it look thicker.


Question: What are the signs that an anal fissure has become chronic?

Answer: You may also notice: A visible tear in the anus Pain during bowel movements Blood on used toilet paper or wipes Blood on the surface of stools Bleeding that discolors toilet water Bad-smelling discharge Signs that a fissure has become chronic can include: Painful bowel movements without bleeding Itch and irritation of the skin around the anus A skin tag at the end of a fissure Acute anal fissures can also happen in babies.


Question: What are the signs of anal fissures in babies?

Answer: They're thought to be the most common cause of rectal bleeding for very young children. Signs that your child may have an anal fissure include: Crying during bowel movements Blood on the surface of stools or in soiled diapers A visible tear in the anal area


Question: What are anal fissures?

Answer: You may even try to avoid the bathroom to prevent the pain. An anal fissure is usually a short-term (or acute) problem, with symptoms that last 6 weeks or less. It's considered chronic when symptoms last for more than 6 weeks. Chronic anal fissures may be harder to treat and may be a symptom of another condition, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Signs that your child may have an anal fissure include: Crying during bowel movements Blood on the surface of stools or in soiled diapers A visible tear in the anal area


Question: Can excessive worry and anxiety cause a stress response?

Answer: Stress comes from the demands and pressures we experience each day. Long lines at the grocery store, rush hour traffic, a phone ringing nonstop, or a chronic illness are all examples of things that can cause stress on a daily basis. When worries and anxiety become excessive, chances are you'll trigger the stress response. There are two elements to the stress response. The first is the perception of the challenge. The second is an automatic physiological reaction called the "fight or flight" response that brings on a surge of adrenaline and sets your body on red alert. There was a time when the "fight or flight" response protected our ancestors from such dangers as wild animals that could easily make a meal out of them. Although today we don't ordinarily encounter wild animals, dangers still exist. They're there in the form of a demanding coworker, a colicky baby, or a dispute with a loved one.


Question: How can a social network help with worrying?

Answer: When worrying becomes excessive, it can lead to feelings of high anxiety and even cause you to be physically ill. People with high anxiety have difficulty shaking their worries.


Question: How should caregivers help people with Parkinson's disease with their bathing?

Answer: For safety and comfort, use the shower, if possible. Tub baths can be a falling hazard. While he's bathing, have him sit on a shower stool, use a hand-held showerhead, and hold a grab bar. Sometimes Parkinson's causes dandruff. If it does, use a little shampoo with mild coal tar or salicylic acid. Then rinse his hair well. Wrap him up in an absorbent terry cloth robe after bathing. Skip pantyhose and clothes that pull on over the head.


Question: How can I help someone with Parkinson's disease keep doing the activities that they love?

Answer: Don't let his symptoms discourage participating in activities. Specially adapted tools are available to help with things like holding a paintbrush. Try relaxing activities to reduce stress, which can make symptoms worse. Listening to music and relaxation guided imagery may help ease tremors. Besides the daily exercise that his doctor probably suggests, urge him to exercise his face muscles, jaw, and mouth. Sing or read out loud (using big lip movements) or make faces.


Question: What should you do if you suspect that your child has whooping cough?

Answer: In severe cases, they may need to go to an ER. If you think your child might have it, see your doctor right away.


Question: What is whooping cough?

Answer: For older children and adults, the outlook is usually very good. If doctors diagnose whooping cough early on, antibiotics can help cut down coughing and other symptoms. They can also help prevent the infection from spreading to others.


Question: What is the outlook of whooping cough for children and adults?

Answer: For older children and adults, the outlook is usually very good.


Question: What are the initial symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } At first, whooping cough has the same symptoms as the average cold: Mild coughing Sneezing Runny nose Low fever (below 102 F) You may also have diarrhea early on.


Question: What are the symptoms of whooping cough after 7-10 days?

Answer: After about 7-10 days, the cough turns into âcoughing spellsâ that end with a whooping sound as the person tries to breathe in air.


Question: Who can get whooping cough and how long does it last?

Answer: Children under the age of 18 months with whooping cough should be watched at all times, because the coughing spells can make them stop breathing. It may last 3 to 6 weeks. You can get sick from it even if you've already been vaccinated, but that's not likely.


Question: Do over-the-counter cough medicines work to treat whooping cough?

Answer: Because the cough is dry and doesn't produce mucus, these spells can last up to 1 minute. Most people are diagnosed too late for antibiotics to work well, though.


Question: How is whooping cough spread?

Answer: After about 7-10 days, the cough turns into âcoughing spellsâ that end with a whooping sound as the person tries to breathe in air. You can get sick from it even if you've already been vaccinated, but that's not likely.


Question: How long do whooping cough spells last?

Answer: Don't use over-the-counter cough medicines, cough suppressants, or expectorants (medicines that make you cough up mucus) to treat whooping cough. Whooping cough can cause anyone at any age to get sick.


Question: What are the risks of dehydrations from whooping cough?

Answer: Call your doctor right away. You can get sick from it even if you've already been vaccinated, but that's not likely.


Question: Are there side effects of brodalumab (Siliq) used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Some people who take it may have a greater risk of thoughts and actions of suicide. So the FDA recommends that doctors weigh the risks and benefits of the medicine before suggesting it for people who have had depression or suicidal thoughts in the past.


Question: What are the side effects of adalimumab (Humira) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects include serious infections (like tuberculosis), higher chances of certain types of cancer (like lymphoma), and autoimmune disorders, such as a lupus-like syndrome.


Question: Can ustekinumab (Stelara) raise your chances of certain conditions?

Answer: But it also can make you more likely to have certain kinds of cancer or a rare condition called reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, a serious illness that affects your brain.


Question: How do I take brodalumab (Siliq) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: You get some biologics as shots under the skin. With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home.


Question: What are the side effects of etancercept (Enbrel) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects include skin irritation and rashes. You shouldn't take it if you have multiple sclerosis, a weak immune system, hepatitis B, or heart failure.


Question: What are common side effects of secukinumab (Cosentyx) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: The most common side effects are: Symptoms of a cold Upper respiratory infection Diarrhea Your doctor will check to make sure you don't have TB before you start treatment and will watch you closely for signs of the disease while you're on it.


Question: What are some side effects of these biologic drugs?

Answer: While that helps with inflammation and other issues, it also lowers your body's defenses. It could also make a condition your body has under control, such as tuberculosis ( TB), flare up again. Let your doctor know if you have signs of an infection like cough, fever, or red and painful skin. Some of the most common side effects are: Upper respiratory infections Nausea Fungal infections Your doctor will check you for TB before prescribing this medication and watch you for signs of the disease while you use it. Biologics suppress your immune system. Also, because biologics suppress the immune system, they could make serious infections more likely.


Question: What is certolizumab (Cimzia)?

Answer: A weaker immune system could make you more vulnerable to infections or diseases. With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. Then you take one every other week after that. What it treats: Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis How you take it: This is another shot you give yourself -- twice a week for 3 months. Like other biologics, this makes you more likely to get an infection. You get biologics by a shot or by IV infusion.


Question: How do I take certolizumab (Cimzia) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. Then you take one every other week after that. Like other biologics, this makes you more likely to get an infection. You may also want to take a biologic drug if you have mild psoriasis but it really bothers you. You get biologics by a shot or by IV infusion.


Question: What are the side effects of apremilast (Otezla) when it's used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. So the FDA recommends that doctors weigh the risks and benefits of the medicine before suggesting it for people who have had depression or suicidal thoughts in the past. Side effects can include: Headaches Diarrhea or other stomach issues Pain or swelling in your joints Upper respiratory infections What it treats: Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis How you take it: You get this through an IV, and each session lasts 2 to 3 hours. Some of the most common side effects are: Upper respiratory infections Nausea Fungal infections Your doctor will check you for TB before prescribing this medication and watch you for signs of the disease while you use it.


Question: How do I take secukinumab (Cosentyx) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. What it treats: Plaque psoriasis How you take it: This comes in a prefilled syringe or a pen.


Question: How does ustekinumab (Stelara) treat psoriasis?

Answer: After your first shot, you'll get another 4 weeks later, then one every 8 weeks. It makes your psoriasis patches thinner and eases scaling and redness. You get biologics by a shot or by IV infusion.


Question: How do I take golimumab (Simponi) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: You give yourself one dose a week for 5 weeks, then once a month after that. That means they can make you more likely to get an infection.


Question: How do I take etanercept (Enbrel) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: You get some biologics as shots under the skin. What it treats: Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis How you take it: This is another shot you give yourself -- twice a week for 3 months. After that, it's one shot a week.


Question: Can biologics I take for psoriasis make me more likely to get infections?

Answer: A weaker immune system could make you more vulnerable to infections or diseases. It could also make a condition your body has under control, such as tuberculosis ( TB), flare up again. Biologics suppress your immune system.


Question: What is the link between biologics and infections?

Answer: A weaker immune system could make you more vulnerable to infections or diseases. Biologics suppress your immune system.


Question: What is brodalumab (Siliq)?

Answer: That's done in your doctor's office. What it treats: Plaque psoriasis How you take it: This medicine comes in a prefilled syringe, and you get one shot a week for 3 weeks. Some people who take it may have a greater risk of thoughts and actions of suicide. So the FDA recommends that doctors weigh the risks and benefits of the medicine before suggesting it for people who have had depression or suicidal thoughts in the past. What it treats: Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis How you take it: This is another shot you give yourself -- twice a week for 3 months.


Question: What is apremilast (Otezla)?

Answer: With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. What it treats: Psoriatic arthritis How you take it: You can get it in a prefilled pen or autoinjector and give yourself a shot once a week. So the FDA recommends that doctors weigh the risks and benefits of the medicine before suggesting it for people who have had depression or suicidal thoughts in the past. Side effects can include: Headaches Diarrhea or other stomach issues Pain or swelling in your joints Upper respiratory infections What it treats: Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis How you take it: You get this through an IV, and each session lasts 2 to 3 hours. Some of the most common side effects are: Upper respiratory infections Nausea Fungal infections Your doctor will check you for TB before prescribing this medication and watch you for signs of the disease while you use it. It makes your psoriasis patches thinner and eases scaling and redness. Biologics suppress your immune system.


Question: Is there a chance of infection when I take secukinumab (Cosentyx) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: The most common side effects are: Symptoms of a cold Upper respiratory infection Diarrhea Your doctor will check to make sure you don't have TB before you start treatment and will watch you closely for signs of the disease while you're on it. Also, because biologics suppress the immune system, they could make serious infections more likely.


Question: How does apremilast (Otezla) treat psoriasis?

Answer: What it treats: Psoriatic arthritis How you take it: You can get it in a prefilled pen or autoinjector and give yourself a shot once a week. It makes your psoriasis patches thinner and eases scaling and redness. Biologics suppress your immune system.


Question: How is Ixekizumab (Taltz) used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home. After that, it's one shot a week.


Question: Can guggulipid help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Guggulipid: Guggulipid is the gum resin of the mukul myrrh tree. It has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, which originated in India more than 2,000 years ago. In clinical studies done in India, guggulipid significantly reduced blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. But most of these studies do not meet the criteria for scientific validity. In addition, the enthusiasm for using guggulipid as a cholesterol-lowering herbal agent diminished after the publication of negative results from a clinical trial in the U. S. Further research is necessary to determine the safety and effectiveness of this herb.


Question: Does combining dietary approaches help lower cholesterol more?

Answer: You can replace foods high in saturated fats with nuts and they are a good source of fiber. Soybeans: Substituting soybeans or soy protein for other proteins have been shown to prevent coronary heart disease by lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.


Question: Can soybeans help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Soybeans: Substituting soybeans or soy protein for other proteins have been shown to prevent coronary heart disease by lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Soy protein is present in tofu, tempeh, soy milk, soy yogurt, edamame, soy nuts, and many other food products made from soybeans.


Question: Are there dietary approaches to lowering cholesterol?

Answer: Increased consumption of dietary fiber, soy foods, omega-3 fatty acids, and plant compounds similar to cholesterol (plant stanols and sterols) can significantly reduce LDL cholesterol, or bad cholesterol.


Question: Should I avoid trans fats to lower cholesterol?

Answer: Avoid Trans Fats Avoid partially hydrogenated and hydrogenated vegetable oils. These man-made oils are sources of trans fatty acids known to increase LDL cholesterol. They lower heart-protecting HDL (good) cholesterol and increase the inflammatory response in the body. You can now find trans fats listed on the Nutrition Facts panel of packaged foods. Minimize consumption of trans fatty acid-containing food.


Question: Can phytosterols help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Phytosterols: Phytosterols (plant sterol and stanol esters) are compounds found in small amounts in foods such as whole grains as well as in many vegetables, fruits, and vegetable oils. They decrease LDL cholesterol, mostly by interfering with the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Phytosterols can be found in spreads (like the cholesterol-lowering margarines Benecol, Promise, Smart Balance, and Take Control), dressings for salads, and dietary supplements. Additional phytosterol-fortified foods include Minute Maid Heart Wise orange juice, Nature Valley Healthy Heart chewy granola bars, Coco Via chocolates, Rice Dream Heartwise rice drink, and Lifetime low-fat cheese.


Question: Can nuts help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Nuts: Many nuts such as almonds, walnuts, pecans, and pistachios can reduce cholesterol. According to the FDA, eating a handful (1.5 ounces ) of walnuts daily can reduce the risk of heart disease. You can replace foods high in saturated fats with nuts and they are a good source of fiber.


Question: Can garlic help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Some of the herbal and nutritional supplements that may help lower cholesterol include: Garlic: According to some studies, garlic may decrease blood levels of total cholesterol by a few percentage points, but only in the short term. Other studies, however, suggest that it may not be as beneficial as once thought. Garlic may prolong bleeding and blood clotting time, so garlic and garlic supplements should not be taken prior to surgery or with blood-thinning drugs such as Coumadin.


Question: Can dietary fiber help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Fiber: Only plant foods (vegetables, fruits, legumes, unrefined grains) contain dietary fiber. The soluble fiber found in foods such as oat bran, barley, psyllium seeds, flax seed meal, apples, citrus fruits, lentils and beans are particularly effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol.


Question: Can policosanol help lower cholesterol?

Answer: Policosanol: Produced from sugar cane, policosanol was found to be effective in lowering LDL cholesterol in several studies. Most policosanol supplements found in the U. S., including the reformulated Cholestin, contain policosanol extracted from beeswax and not the sugar cane policosanol. There is no evidence that policosanol extracted from beeswax can lower cholesterol. Additional studies on sugar cane policosanol are needed to determine its effectiveness and safety in lowering cholesterol.


Question: How can you treat a first-degree burn?

Answer: Treat Pain Give over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), or naproxen ( Aleve).


Question: How can you protect a second-degree burn?

Answer: Protect Burn Cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage and secure in place with gauze or tape.


Question: How can you cool a first-degree burn?

Answer: Cool Burn Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immerse in cool water until pain subsides. Use compresses if running water isn't available.


Question: How can a doctor help with treating a second-degree burn?

Answer: See a Doctor The doctor can test burn severity, prescribe antibiotics and pain medications, and administer a tetanus shot, if needed.


Question: What should you do to treat a third-degree burn?

Answer: Call 911 2. Protect Burn Area Cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage or, for large areas, a sheet or other material that that won't leave lint in wound. Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile dressings. Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter, which can cause infection.


Question: When should you see a doctor for a first-degree burn?

Answer: When to See a Doctor Seek medical help if: You see signs of infection, like increased pain, redness, swelling, fever, or oozing.


Question: How can you prevent shock from second-degree burn?

Answer: Prevent Shock Unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury, or it would cause discomfort: Lay the person flat. Elevate feet about 12 inches. Elevate burn area above heart level, if possible. Cover the person with coat or blanket.


Question: When should you call 911 for a thermal burn?

Answer: The skin is leathery or charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches.


Question: How can you prevent shock from a third-degree burn?

Answer: The person is an infant or a senior. Prevent Shock Unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury, or it would cause discomfort: Lay the person flat. Elevate feet about 12 inches. Elevate burn area above heart level, if possible. Cover the person with coat or blanket. For an airway burn, do not place pillow under the person's head when the person is lying down. Have a person with a facial burn sit up. Check pulse and breathing to monitor for shock until emergency help arrives.


Question: How can you protect a first-degree burn?

Answer: Protect Burn Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth. Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter, which can cause infection.


Question: How much chamomile should you take?

Answer: Chamomile has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years to calm anxiety and settle stomachs. Studies have used between 220 milligrams to 1,600 milligrams daily in capsule form. The most common form is a tea, and some people drink one to four cups daily.


Question: Why do people take chamomile?

Answer: Chamomile has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years to calm anxiety and settle stomachs. One product with chamomile and other herbal medicines has been shown to ease upset stomach, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. A mouth rinse with chamomile might relieve mouth sores caused by cancer treatments. Some research suggests that chamomile could help with other conditions, like diarrhea in children, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and insomnia. When used on the skin, chamomile might help with skin irritation and wound healing. Some research has documented that it may be as effective as hydrocortisone cream for eczema.


Question: What medications are suggested to prevent gout flare-ups?

Answer: Your doctor may have also suggested: Allopurinol ( Aloprim, Lopurin, Zyloprim) Canakinumab ( Ilaris Ilaris Ilaris) Lesinurad ( Zurampic) Pegloticase ( Krystexxa) Probenecid ( Probalan) Rasburicase ( Elitek) If you can't take allopurinol or it is not effective, your doctor may prescribe febuxostat ( Uloric). It should be used with caution, however, because it has been linked to increased risk of death from heart disease and from other causes.


Question: How can you get pain relief from gout flare-ups without medication?

Answer: Use cold. If your pain isn't too bad, try cold packs or compresses on the joint to lower inflammation and soothe the ache. Wrap ice in a thin towel and apply it to the joint for up to 20 minutes several times a day. Do not apply ice to your hands or feet if you have nerve problems from diabetes or other causes. Rest the joint. It's a good idea to rest it until the pain eases up. You probably won't want to move it much anyway. If you can, raise the joint on a pillow or other soft object. Drink water. When your body doesn't have enough water, your uric acid levels rise even higher. Stay hydrated to help keep those levels normal. Watch what you eat and drink. Foods that are high in substances called purines, such as some seafood, organ meats like liver, and fatty foods, can raise the uric acid in your blood even more. So can fructose-sweetened drinks and alcohol -- especially beer.


Question: What are the warning signs of a gout flare-up?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Some people with gout, also known as gouty arthritis, say an attack begins with a burning, itching, or tingling feeling in a joint maybe an hour or two before the flare-up starts. The joint may feel a little stiff or a bit sore. Not long after, the telltale signs of gout begin. If you get repeated attacks, you'll learn your body's signals that one is about to begin. Sometimes, people with gout have no early signs that a flare is about to start. They may just wake up in the middle of the night with a very painful joint.


Question: When should you get help for a gout flare-up?

Answer: Your doctor will likely have given you something to take if this happens, too. It's a good idea to rest it until the pain eases up. Call your doctor if: This is your first flare-up. There are several other conditions, such as a joint infection, that have some of the same symptoms as gout attacks. You have a high fever and chills . Gout attack symptoms may include a mild fever, but a higher temperature may be a sign of an infection. Your symptoms don't get any better after 48 hours or don't end after about a week. If you don't start to feel somewhat better after a few days, call your doctor. She may suggest a different treatment. Most gout attacks will go away by themselves in several weeks, even without treatment.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis affect your knees or other joints?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) can affect your knees and any other joint in your body.


Question: Will I need knee surgery if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Knee replacement surgery is usually a last resort when damage to the knee is severe and irrepairable. Some people get surgery to remove the inflamed joint lining. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: How does a doctor diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You may also get blood tests to help see if you have RA. Those check for: Anemia (low red blood cell count) Rheumatoid factor ( RF), found in about 70% to 80% of people with RA â Sedâ rate (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). High levels are a sign of inflammation. Antibodies to a chemical called CCP High levels of CRP ( C-reactive protein) You may also get an X-ray or, less frequently, an MRI to check on possible joint damage. And your doctor may take a sample of your synovial fluid, which comes from your joints.


Question: When would someone need surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend physical therapy and occupational therapy, too. Your doctor will recommend other treatments first. Knee replacement surgery is usually a last resort when damage to the knee is severe and irrepairable. Some people get surgery to remove the inflamed joint lining. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: How do doctors treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are different kinds of RA medications. Some ease pain. Others curb inflammation or stop the disease from getting worse. You may need to take more than one -- for instance, a pain medication and another to stop the disease's progress. It's best to start early, to help protect your joints.


Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis an immune system disorder?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly what causes it. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: Is regular exercise used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor will recommend other treatments first. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: How does exercise affect blood sugar related to type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Remember how much exercise does for you, including: Helps your body use insulin, which controls your blood sugar Burns extra body fat Strengthens muscles and bones Lowers blood pressure Cuts LDL (âbadâ) cholesterol Raises HDL (âgoodâ) cholesterol Improves blood flow Makes heart disease and stroke less likely Boosts energy and mood Tames stress When you exercise, your body needs extra energy from blood sugar, also called glucose. When you do something quickly, like a sprint to catch the bus, your muscles and liver release glucose for fuel. The big payoff comes when you do moderate exercise for a longer time, like a hike. Your muscles take up much more glucose when you do that. This helps lower your blood sugar levels. If you're doing intense exercise, your blood sugar levels may rise, temporarily, after you stop.


Question: Where should I exercise if I have diabetes?

Answer: You can lift weights or work with resistance bands. Make it a habit. Work out with someone who knows you have diabetes and knows what to do if your blood sugar gets too low. It's more fun, too. Also wear a medical identification tag, or carry a card that says you have diabetes, just in case.


Question: How can I be proactive about kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, get your urine tested every year to look for kidney disease. Your doctor should do a creatinine blood test to check how these organs are working. He'll also check your blood pressure regularly. It's key to slowing this disease. Your reading should be less than 130/80.


Question: How can you prevent skin problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: Many people with diabetes will have a skin condition related to it at some time in their lives. The sugar in your blood provides a perfect breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. It also lowers your body's ability to heal itself. Fortunately, most of these problems can be prevented and treated if caught early on. If you have type 2 diabetes and don't take care of yourself, a minor scratch could turn into a serious infection.


Question: How can I be proactive about heart disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: This is one of the most common diabetes complications. In office visits, your doctor may do tests that screen for heart disease to help you prevent serious problems. At every visit, he'll check your blood pressure. He'll probably test your blood for cholesterol level and triglycerides at your first visit. And he should do an EKG as part of a complete medical record. Learn more about your risks for heart disease. Does it run in your family? Do you smoke? Make a prevention plan that includes weight loss, regular exercise, and stress management, as well as keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides at normal levels.


Question: How can I be proactive about nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy) if I have diabetes?

Answer: Over time, diabetes can cause nerve damage. You might feel numbness, burning, or pain in your hands, feet, or legs. If your skin loses feeling, you may not notice small wounds that could grow to become bigger ones. Check these parts of your body daily for redness, calluses, cracks, or other damage. If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your doctor right away.


Question: Does diabetes cause dental problems?

Answer: The less controlled your blood sugar is, the more likely you'll have problems in your mouth. This is one of the reasons that the disease harms white blood cells, which are your body's main defense against oral infections. Brush, floss and rinse with antiseptic mouthwash each day.


Question: How can I be proactive about diabetes-related erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Sometimes all you need to do is adopt a healthier lifestyle, quit smoking, exercise regularly, and reduce stress. It's important to talk to your doctor about these problems. He can suggest medications or remedies like a vacuum constriction device and other products. For more detail, see Erectile Dysfunction & Diabetes.


Question: How can you prevent kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, get your urine tested every year to look for kidney disease. Your doctor should do a creatinine blood test to check how these organs are working. He'll also check your blood pressure regularly. It's key to slowing this disease. Your reading should be less than 130/80.


Question: How can you prevent erectile dysfunction if you have diabetes?

Answer: Sometimes all you need to do is adopt a healthier lifestyle, quit smoking, exercise regularly, and reduce stress. It's important to talk to your doctor about these problems. He can suggest medications or remedies like a vacuum constriction device and other products. For more detail, see Erectile Dysfunction & Diabetes.


Question: How can you prevent nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy) if you have diabetes?

Answer: Over time, diabetes can cause nerve damage. You might feel numbness, burning, or pain in your hands, feet, or legs. If your skin loses feeling, you may not notice small wounds that could grow to become bigger ones. Check these parts of your body daily for redness, calluses, cracks, or other damage. If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your doctor right away.


Question: How can you prevent eye damage (diabetic retinopathy) if you have diabetes?

Answer: To protect your vision, see an eye doctor at least once a year. He might dilate your pupils while you're there. People with type 1 diabetes who are older than 10 should start these visits within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis. If you have type 2 diabetes, make an appointment as soon as you're diagnosed. If you have problems, you'll need to go more often. If you get pregnant, schedule a comprehensive exam during the first trimester and a follow-up later in your pregnancy.


Question: Can diabetes cause complications?

Answer: Learn what you can do to prevent these problems. Over time, diabetes can cause nerve damage. If you have problems, you'll need to go more often.


Question: Does diabetes cause infections?

Answer: It also lowers your body's ability to heal itself. High sugar levels in your body's tissues means bacteria grow more easily and infections set in more quickly. Common sites for them are your bladder, kidneys, vagina, gums, feet, and skin. Early treatment can prevent serious complications.


Question: How can you prevent heart disease from diabetes?

Answer: In office visits, your doctor may do tests that screen for heart disease to help you prevent serious problems. At every visit, he'll check your blood pressure. He'll probably test your blood for cholesterol level and triglycerides at your first visit. And he should do an EKG as part of a complete medical record. Learn more about your risks for heart disease. Does it run in your family? Do you smoke? Make a prevention plan that includes weight loss, regular exercise, and stress management, as well as keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides at normal levels. This is one of the reasons that the disease harms white blood cells, which are your body's main defense against oral infections.


Question: What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: He may refer you to a neurologist or other stroke specialist. If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your doctor right away.


Question: Which conditions can cause spotting between periods?

Answer: A number of things can cause it to happen. These are the most common: Hormone-based birth control. Other health conditions, like hypothyroidism, liver disease, or chronic kidney disease. Fibroids or polyps.


Question: Can you prevent separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent separation anxiety disorder, but recognizing and acting on symptoms when they appear can minimize distress and prevent problems associated with not going to school. In addition, reinforcing a child's independence and self-esteem through support and approval may help prevent future episodes of anxiety.


Question: How common is separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: Separation anxiety affects approximately 4%-5% of children in the U. S. ages 7 to 11 years. It is less common in teenagers, affecting about 1.3% of American teens. It affects boys and girls equally.


Question: Can separation anxiety disorder be cured?

Answer: Most children with separation anxiety disorder get better, although their symptoms may recur for many years, particularly when stressful events or situations occur. When treatment is started early and involves the family as well as the child, the child's chance of recovery improves.


Question: What causes separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: Following are some of the most common symptoms of separation anxiety disorder: An unrealistic and lasting worry that something bad will happen to the parent or caregiver if the child leaves An unrealistic and lasting worry that something bad will happen to the child if he or she leaves the caregiver Refusal to go to school in order to stay with the caregiver Refusal to go to sleep without the caregiver being nearby or to sleep away from home Fear of being alone Nightmares about being separated Bed wetting Complaints of physical symptoms, such as headaches and stomachaches, on school days Repeated temper tantrums or pleading Separation anxiety often develops after a significant stressful or traumatic event in the child's life, such as a stay in the hospital, the death of a loved one or pet, or a change in environment (such as moving to another house or a change of schools). Children whose parents are over-protective may be more prone to separation anxiety. In fact, it may not necessarily be a disease of the child but a manifestation of parental separation anxiety as well -- parent and child can feed the other's anxiety.


Question: What are symptoms of separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: Following are some of the most common symptoms of separation anxiety disorder: An unrealistic and lasting worry that something bad will happen to the parent or caregiver if the child leaves An unrealistic and lasting worry that something bad will happen to the child if he or she leaves the caregiver Refusal to go to school in order to stay with the caregiver Refusal to go to sleep without the caregiver being nearby or to sleep away from home Fear of being alone Nightmares about being separated Bed wetting Complaints of physical symptoms, such as headaches and stomachaches, on school days Repeated temper tantrums or pleading Separation anxiety often develops after a significant stressful or traumatic event in the child's life, such as a stay in the hospital, the death of a loved one or pet, or a change in environment (such as moving to another house or a change of schools).


Question: How do you diagnose separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: If symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. Although there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose separation anxiety disorder, the doctor may use various tests -- such as blood tests and other laboratory measures -- to rule out physical illness or medication side effects as the cause of the symptoms. If no physical illness is found, the child may be referred to a child and adolescent psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illness in children and teens. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a child for a mental illness. The doctor bases his or her diagnosis on reports of the child's symptoms and his or her observation of the child's attitude and behavior.


Question: What is the treatment for separation anxiety disorder?

Answer: Most mild cases of separation anxiety disorder do not need medical treatment. In more severe cases, or when the child refuses to go to school, treatment may be needed. Medication: Antidepressant or other anti-anxiety medications may be used to treat severe cases of separation anxiety disorder.


Question: How is biopsy used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: The doctor removes a sample of bile duct cells or tissue and checks them under a microscope to confirm your diagnosis. You may not always get one before surgery. If other tests suggest a bile duct tumor, you may go straight to surgery.


Question: Why is a physical exam needed to make a bile duct cancer diagnosis?

Answer: Symptoms may differ according to the location, but they usually include: Jaundice Pain in your belly or sides Nausea and vomiting Fever Loss of appetite/weight loss Weakness Itching Light-colored stools Dark urine Your doctor will use several methods to figure out if you have bile duct cancer. Physical exam . He'll do a complete medical checkup and ask about your general health, family history of cancer and liver disease, lifestyle, and habits, including drinking alcohol and smoking. He'll also look for symptoms of bile duct cancer, like jaundice, which can appear as a yellowish tint to your skin and eyes.


Question: How are liver transplants used to treat bile duct cancer?

Answer: This is a rare treatment option. It may be hard to get a new liver, but it can cure the cancer. You might benefit from other treatments, too. Ask your doctor about your options.


Question: What are my surgical treatment options for bile duct cancer?

Answer: Bile duct cancer treatment may include a combination of these: Surgery. There are two types. Curative means the surgeon can get all the cancer out. Palliative means the disease is too widespread to be completely removed, but the operation will relieve symptoms or treat complications. The recovery time can last several weeks.


Question: Should I expect treatment of bile duct cancer to be successful?

Answer: The chances of successfully treating this type of cancer depend on its location and how far along it is when you're diagnosed. The bile duct is deep within your body, so unlike other cancers you won't see or feel problems in the early stages. There are no good screening tests, so most cases aren't found until after the tumors are big enough to cause symptoms. Only a small number of bile duct cancers are found early enough to be completely removed by surgery. People with cancers outside the liver fare better than those whose are inside the organ. But if the cancer has spread to other organs, the outcome is about the same. For information and support, visit the American Cancer Society at www.cancer.org.


Question: How is surgery used to treat bile duct cancer?

Answer: There are two types. Curative means the surgeon can get all the cancer out. Palliative means the disease is too widespread to be completely removed, but the operation will relieve symptoms or treat complications. The recovery time can last several weeks.


Question: How is a physical exam used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: He'll do a complete medical checkup and ask about your general health, family history of cancer and liver disease, lifestyle, and habits, including drinking alcohol and smoking. He'll also look for symptoms of bile duct cancer, like jaundice, which can appear as a yellowish tint to your skin and eyes. He'll check for masses, tenderness, or fluid buildup in your belly.


Question: When is chemotherapy used to treat bile duct cancer?

Answer: This treatment is mostly used before surgery to shrink the tumor and raise the chances that the operation will be successful. It may be used afterward to lower odds that the cancer will return. You can take chemo by mouth or an injection into a vein.


Question: What conditions can increase risk for bile duct cancer?

Answer: A long-term inflammation makes you more likely to get this cancer. Some conditions that can bring this on include: Primary sclerosing cholangitis: This inflammation of the bile duct leads to scarring.


Question: Why are blood tests needed to make a bile duct cancer diagnosis?

Answer: Some make sure your liver is working like it should. Others look for signs of tumors, called markers, that show up when you have bile duct cancer. Your doctor may also check levels of bilirubin, the substance in your blood that causes jaundice.


Question: How is cholangioscopy used in the diagnosis of bile duct cancer?

Answer: These imaging tests check your bile ducts for problems. In ERCP, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, the doctor can look for tumors there. You'll be lightly sedated.


Question: Why is an abdominal ultrasound used in the diagnosis of bile duct cancer?

Answer: Abdominal ultrasound .


Question: Who does bile duct cancer affect most often?

Answer: Bile duct cancer, also called cholangiocarcinoma, affects men slightly more than women. It tends to develop in people who are between 50 and 70.


Question: What are symptoms of bile duct cancer?

Answer: Some other conditions that can make you more likely to get bile duct cancer include: Inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) Obesity Diabetes Viral hepatitis Drinking alcohol Cancer can grow in any part of the bile duct. There are three types: intrahepatic (inside the liver), perihilar (where the ducts leave the liver), and distal (closer to the intestine). Symptoms may differ according to the location, but they usually include: Jaundice Pain in your belly or sides Nausea and vomiting Fever Loss of appetite/weight loss Weakness Itching Light-colored stools Dark urine Your doctor will use several methods to figure out if you have bile duct cancer.


Question: How is a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: A CT scan is a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures inside your body. An MRI uses high-powered magnets to make images of organs and structures inside your body. These show the tumor and pinpoint its size and location in your liver. They also help gauge how healthy the organ is. Your doctor will decide whether you need one or both.


Question: What is bile duct cancer?

Answer: This is a thin tube about 4 to 5 inches long that moves a fluid called bile from your liver and gallbladder to your small intestine. When it gets there, it helps digest fat in the food you eat.


Question: How is endoscopy used in the diagnosis of bile duct cancer?

Answer: It lets your doctor see inside your body without surgery. He can examine your esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the lower intestine.


Question: How is radiation used to treat bile duct cancer?

Answer: This method uses high-energy rays or particles to kill cancer cells. Your doctor may use it before surgery to shrink the tumor and make the operation easier. After surgery it can kill any cancer cells that remain. If the cancer can't be surgically removed but hasn't spread throughout your body, radiation can help keep the disease under control.


Question: How is an ultrasound used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: You'll be asleep when the doctor does this test because it requires an incision in your belly.


Question: How is stent placement used to treat bile duct cancer?

Answer: A tube called a stent can go into a blocked duct. It allows bile to drain more easily from the liver to your intestine.


Question: What other conditions can make you more likely to get bile duct cancer?

Answer: Some other conditions that can make you more likely to get bile duct cancer include: Inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) Obesity Diabetes Viral hepatitis Drinking alcohol Cancer can grow in any part of the bile duct.


Question: Where can you get support if you have bile duct cancer?

Answer: For some people, treatment can destroy the cancer.


Question: What are the symptoms of bile duct cancer?

Answer: Some other conditions that can make you more likely to get bile duct cancer include: Inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) Obesity Diabetes Viral hepatitis Drinking alcohol Cancer can grow in any part of the bile duct. There are three types: intrahepatic (inside the liver), perihilar (where the ducts leave the liver), and distal (closer to the intestine). Symptoms may differ according to the location, but they usually include: Jaundice Pain in your belly or sides Nausea and vomiting Fever Loss of appetite/weight loss Weakness Itching Light-colored stools Dark urine Your doctor will use several methods to figure out if you have bile duct cancer.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about bile duct cancer?

Answer: Where is my cancer? Has it spread beyond the bile duct? What stage is it? Do you think you'll be able to remove it completely through surgery? What are my treatment choices? What do you recommend and why? How much experience do you have treating this cancer? Should I get a second opinion? What's the goal of my treatment plan? What are the risks and side effects of the treatment? How will treatment affect my daily life? What are the chances my cancer will return after treatment? If it recurs or if treatment doesn't work, what else can we do? What type of follow-up care will I need?


Question: How is an endoscopy used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: This tool is sort of like a camera on the end of a cable. It lets your doctor see inside your body without surgery. He can examine your esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the lower intestine.


Question: What should you expect if you have bile duct cancer?

Answer: The chances of successfully treating this type of cancer depend on its location and how far along it is when you're diagnosed. The bile duct is deep within your body, so unlike other cancers you won't see or feel problems in the early stages. There are no good screening tests, so most cases aren't found until after the tumors are big enough to cause symptoms. Only a small number of bile duct cancers are found early enough to be completely removed by surgery.


Question: How is laparoscopy used in the diagnosis of bile duct cancer?

Answer: You'll be asleep when the doctor does this test because it requires an incision in your belly. He'll insert a thin tube with a light and small video camera. Biopsy. But if the cancer has spread to other organs, the outcome is about the same.


Question: What is the treatment for bile duct cancer?

Answer: In others, it may never go away entirely. While this is hard to hear, you can live with it. You may need regular doses of chemotherapy, radiation, or other treatments to keep it in check. Though it's a challenge to manage the stress, worry, and concerns about the future that come along with a cancer diagnosis, it's important to learn about your illness and to gather support from your medical team, family, and friends. What are the chances my cancer will return after treatment?


Question: What can I do to help manage my bile duct cancer symptoms?

Answer: He'll do a complete medical checkup and ask about your general health, family history of cancer and liver disease, lifestyle, and habits, including drinking alcohol and smoking. He'll also look for symptoms of bile duct cancer, like jaundice, which can appear as a yellowish tint to your skin and eyes. Fatigue or extreme tiredness -- the kind that doesn't get better with rest -- can happen when you have cancer. You might be so tired that it's hard to work out or do other things you want to do. While you do need to get enough rest, following an exercise program that's tailored to you can help reduce fatigue. When you find out you have cancer, it's only normal to think about your future and your own mortality. This can be a distressing time, so seek support everywhere you can. Whether it's a family member or friend, a counselor, or a religious leader, talk to someone you trust.


Question: Is there a cure for bile duct cancer?

Answer: In others, it may never go away entirely. You may need regular doses of chemotherapy, radiation, or other treatments to keep it in check. What are the chances my cancer will return after treatment?


Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: Others look for signs of tumors, called markers, that show up when you have bile duct cancer. Your doctor may also check levels of bilirubin, the substance in your blood that causes jaundice. Should I get a second opinion?


Question: How is a laparoscopy used to diagnose bile duct cancer?

Answer: This imaging test helps your doctor see the tumor. He'll insert a thin tube with a light and small video camera. It lets him look at your bile duct, gallbladder, liver, and other organs and tissues. When he knows if -- and how far -- the cancer has spread, he can plan your surgery and treatments.


Question: How can calcium help with parathyroid and osteoporosis?

Answer: Calcium helps you move muscles, clot blood, and send messages through nerves. It also builds and strengthens bone. Your body can't make its own calcium -- it has to get it from the food you eat or from supplements. When you aren't getting enough calcium, your body takes it from your bones. Over time, your bones get weak and brittle -- you get osteoporosis. But even a high-calcium diet can't get your body the calcium it needs if your parathyroids aren't working correctly.


Question: What do you need to know about parathyroid and osteoporosis?

Answer: Your parathyroids control how much calcium is in your bones and blood. When they aren't working the way they should, calcium levels can get out of whack. Since calcium is key to good bone health, this puts you at a higher risk of getting osteoporosis.


Question: What are parathyroid glands?

Answer: Since calcium is key to good bone health, this puts you at a higher risk of getting osteoporosis. But even a high-calcium diet can't get your body the calcium it needs if your parathyroids aren't working correctly. These four tiny glands just behind your thyroid work like a thermostat. Your body reacts by absorbing more calcium from food and keeping it from leaving through your urine.


Question: What is hyperparathyroid disease or hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: You may know that low levels of calcium in your bones can cause osteoporosis. When your body needs calcium, parathyroids make a hormone called parathyroid hormone ( PTH). This can happen for several reasons, including: â¢ A non-cancerous growth on one of the glands â¢ Two or more glands get too big â¢ A cancerous tumor (this is rare) You also can get hyperparathyroidism if something else is keeping your calcium levels low.


Question: What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: When your body needs calcium, parathyroids make a hormone called parathyroid hormone ( PTH). The parathyroid can cause osteoporosis by making too much PTH, which eventually makes your body take calcium from your bones. Your parathyroids will work overtime making PTH if you have: â¢ Not enough vitamin D â¢ Kidney failure â¢ Problems absorbing calcium When you have hyperparathyroidism, you might have symptoms like: â¢ Body aches and pains â¢ Bone and joint pain â¢ Confusion and memory loss â¢ Frequent urges to go the bathroom â¢ Heartburn â¢ High blood pressure â¢ Kidney stones â¢ Nausea or vomiting â¢ No appetite â¢ Stomach pain â¢ Tiredness You also may break bones easily -- a sign of bone weakness and osteoporosis.


Question: How is hyperparathyroid disease treated?

Answer: The parathyroid can cause osteoporosis by making too much PTH, which eventually makes your body take calcium from your bones. If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may decide to wait and see if they get worse. Or you may take medications like estrogen and bisphosphonates to get your body to make less PTH so your bones can rebuild. However, the medication won't cure your hyperparathyroidism. If you have a growth on your parathyroid glands and have symptoms, your doctor probably will recommend surgery to remove it. Your symptoms should stop within a month of having it taken off. The growth usually doesn't come back.


Question: How is diabetes related to kidney failure?

Answer: Diabetes is the No. 1 cause of kidney failure (and the leading cause of microalbumin in the urine) in the United States. When you have diabetes, the level of sugar (or âglucoseâ) in your blood is too high. Over time, that extra sugar damages the small blood vessels in your kidneys. It becomes harder for them to clean your blood. Diabetes can also harm your nerves, which may lead to kidney injury.


Question: What can affect the results of my albumin test?

Answer: Random Test Normal: less than 30 micrograms (mcg) per milligram (mg) of creatinine Microalbuminuria: 300 mcg per mg of creatinine Clinical albuminuria: More than 300 mcg/mg creatinine Timed Test Normal: Less than 20 mcg/minute Microalbuminuria: 20-200 mcg/minute Clinical albuminuria: More than 200 mcg/minute 24- Hour Test Normal: Less than 30 mg Microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg Clinical albuminuria: More than 300 mg If there is albumin in your pee, the amount likely varies during the day. That makes it a little harder to get an accurate measure. Plus, any of these could give you a result that's higher than normal: Blood in your urine Fever Lots of exercise right before the test Other kidney diseases Some medicines Urinary tract infection If your results show a high level, your doctor will probably want to repeat the test.


Question: How does diabetes and kidney disease relate?

Answer: Diabetes is the No. 1 cause of kidney failure (and the leading cause of microalbumin in the urine) in the United States. When you have diabetes, the level of sugar (or âglucoseâ) in your blood is too high. Over time, that extra sugar damages the small blood vessels in your kidneys. It becomes harder for them to clean your blood. Diabetes can also harm your nerves, which may lead to kidney injury.


Question: Why are microalbumin urine tests important for people with diabetes or high blood pressure?

Answer: When you find out about a health issue early on, you can often take steps to protect yourself and keep your body strong. If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, one of the things to look out for is kidney disease. A microalbumin urine test helps because it can find kidney problems before they get too far.


Question: When should I get tested for kidney disease?

Answer: Your doctor will suggest one when you have: Type 1 diabetes. You'll get the test once a year starting 5 years from when you got the condition. Type 2 diabetes. You'll get the test once a year starting as soon as you find out you have it. High blood pressure Your doctor will talk to you about how often to get tested. You may also need to get tested if you: Are 65 or older with risk factors for heart or kidney disease Belong to an ethnic group more likely to get kidney disease, including African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and American Indians Have any family members who have or had kidney disease In these cases, talk to your doctor about when to start testing and how often you'll need it.


Question: What is a random albumin test?

Answer: They'll send you to a restroom and give you directions to pee into a cup. Your doctor will most likely ask the lab to check for creatinine as well as albumin. Creatinine is a normal waste product in your urine. When you measure both numbers, you get a clearer picture of what's happening.


Question: When should I start testing for kidney disease?

Answer: You may also need to get tested if you: Are 65 or older with risk factors for heart or kidney disease Belong to an ethnic group more likely to get kidney disease, including African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and American Indians Have any family members who have or had kidney disease In these cases, talk to your doctor about when to start testing and how often you'll need it.


Question: What does a microalbumin urine test look for?

Answer: A microalbumin urine test checks for small (or "micro") amounts of albumin in your urine -- at levels so small a regular urine test might not find them. It can be a sign of kidney disease. Your doctor can help you understand what they mean.


Question: What does a microalbumin urine test check?

Answer: A microalbumin urine test checks for small (or "micro") amounts of albumin in your urine -- at levels so small a regular urine test might not find them. It can be a sign of kidney disease. Your doctor can help you understand what they mean.


Question: What happens during a timed microalbumin urine test?

Answer: High blood pressure Your doctor will talk to you about how often to get tested. Your doctor will most likely ask the lab to check for creatinine as well as albumin. Timed test. You'll pee into it over 24 hours and take it back.


Question: What is a microalbumin test?

Answer: But if your kidneys aren't working quite right, albumin starts to leak into your urine. A microalbumin urine test helps because it can find kidney problems before they get too far. Your kidneys filter your blood. They keep the good stuff your body needs and send the waste out through your pee.


Question: What do the results of a random microalbumin urine test mean?

Answer: Creatinine is a normal waste product in your urine. For a short test, 2 hours, you'll probably stay at the doctor's office or lab. Random Test Normal: less than 30 micrograms (mcg) per milligram (mg) of creatinine Microalbuminuria: 300 mcg per mg of creatinine Clinical albuminuria: More than 300 mcg/mg creatinine Timed Test Normal: Less than 20 mcg/minute Microalbuminuria: 20-200 mcg/minute Clinical albuminuria: More than 200 mcg/minute 24- Hour Test Normal: Less than 30 mg Microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg Clinical albuminuria: More than 300 mg If there is albumin in your pee, the amount likely varies during the day. If the results are much higher than normal, it could be a sign of more advanced problems. Your doctor will help you figure out what the results mean and what steps you can take.


Question: Are there different types of spinal cord injury?

Answer: In a complete injury, a person loses all ability to feel and voluntarily move below the level of the injury. In an incomplete injury, there is some functioning or feeling below the level of the injury.


Question: How is spinal cord injury different from back injury?

Answer: Spinal cord injury is not the same as back injury.


Question: What happens when the spinal cord is injured?

Answer: Spinal cord injury can be caused by direct trauma to the spinal cord or the result of compression, damage from inflammation, infections, bleeds or clots, neoplasms, or spinal arthritis. Spinal cord damage results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. In most people who have acute, traumatic spinal cord injury, the spinal cord is not fully severed but is bruised or torn.


Question: What is the spinal cord?

Answer: The spinal cord is the major bundle of nerves carrying nerve impulses to and from the brain to the rest of the body. These bones constitute the spinal column or back bones. In a complete injury, a person loses all ability to feel and voluntarily move below the level of the injury.


Question: What is the treatment for itching as a result of polycythemia vera?

Answer: If you have itching that doesn't go away, your doctor may prescribe antihistamines.


Question: What questions might your doctor ask about polycythemia vera?

Answer: Your doctor may ask you questions like: Do you get a lot of headaches? Have you lost weight lately? Do you sometimes feel dizzy or weak? Have you had shortness of breath? Do you sweat a lot at night?


Question: How is polycythemia vera treated?

Answer: The treatment you get depends on your age and your situation. If you don't have a lot of symptoms, your doctor may just want to check you every now and then without treatment.


Question: What can happen if you don't treat polycythemia vera?

Answer: Without treatment, the extra red blood cells in your veins can cause clots that slow your blood flow. This makes you more likely to have a stroke or heart attack. It can also cause pain called angina in your chest.


Question: How is an EPO level used to diagnose polycythemia vera?

Answer: This test measures how much of the hormone EPO you have in your blood. EPO tells your bone marrow to make blood cells. People who have polycythemia vera have very low amounts of it.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about polycythemia vera?

Answer: Before your appointment, it's a good idea to make a list of things to ask your doctor, such as: Which treatment do you recommend? What are the side effects? How can I prevent complications? Since I have polycythemia vera, am I more likely to have a stroke or heart attack? How can I ease my symptoms?


Question: When are antihistamines used for treating polycythemia vera?

Answer: If you have itching that doesn't go away, your doctor may prescribe antihistamines.


Question: What are signs of polycythemia vera?

Answer: You might have warning signs like dizziness or feeling tired and weak, but lots of things can cause those symptoms. If you have polycythemia vera, the first sign may be when a routine blood test shows that you have a high number of blood cells.


Question: What medicine to lower blood cells is used to treat polycythemia vera?

Answer: If you need more than phlebotomy and aspirin, your doctor may prescribe hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea), a pill that lowers your red blood count and eases symptoms.


Question: What drugs are used to treat polycythemia vera?

Answer: Another drug, interferon alfa ( Intron A), helps the immune system cut back on making blood cells. The drug ruxolitinib ( Jakafi) is approved for use in people who aren't helped by hydroxyurea or can't handle its side effects.


Question: What is the first sign of polycythemia vera?

Answer: You might have warning signs like dizziness or feeling tired and weak, but lots of things can cause those symptoms. If you have polycythemia vera, the first sign may be when a routine blood test shows that you have a high number of blood cells.


Question: What effect do the extra red blood cells have on the body?

Answer: Without treatment, the extra red blood cells in your veins can cause clots that slow your blood flow. This makes you more likely to have a stroke or heart attack. It can also cause pain called angina in your chest.


Question: How is EPO level used to diagnose polycythemia vera?

Answer: This test measures how much of the hormone EPO you have in your blood. EPO tells your bone marrow to make blood cells. People who have polycythemia vera have very low amounts of it.


Question: What should you expect if you have polycythemia vera?

Answer: Although there's no cure, the right treatment can help you manage this disease for many years. Remember that everyone's case is different. With good care, you can still have an active lifestyle. It's rare, but your condition could lead to acute leukemia or myelofibrosis, which are also blood diseases but are more serious than polycythemia vera. Acute leukemia is a blood cancer that gets worse quickly. Myelofibrosis is a condition in which your bone marrow gets filled with scar tissue.


Question: Are there groups that provide polycythemia vera support?

Answer: The MPN Research Foundation has more information about polycythemia vera. It can also help you find support groups.


Question: How is a phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia vera?

Answer: This is often the first treatment people with polycythemia vera get. Your doctor removes blood from your vein. It's a lot like donating blood. The goal is to lower your number of blood cells. After it's done, your blood will be thinner and it'll flow more easily. You'll usually feel better, too. Some symptoms will ease, like headaches or dizziness. Your doctor will decide how often you need phlebotomy. For some people, it's the only treatment they need for many years.


Question: Where can you get support for polycythemia vera?

Answer: Talk to your friends and family about how to keep a positive attitude. You may also want to join a support group for people with your condition. The MPN Research Foundation has more information about polycythemia vera. It can also help you find support groups.


Question: Does polycythemia vera lead to leukemia or myelofibrosis?

Answer: It's rare, but your condition could lead to acute leukemia or myelofibrosis, which are also blood diseases but are more serious than polycythemia vera. Acute leukemia is a blood cancer that gets worse quickly. Myelofibrosis is a condition in which your bone marrow gets filled with scar tissue.


Question: How is a blood smear used to diagnose polycythemia vera?

Answer: In this test, your doctor will look at a sample of your blood through a microscope. It's a way to check for other diseases that are sometimes linked to polycythemia vera.


Question: What are the treatment options for polycythemia vera?

Answer: Polycythemia vera is different for each person who has it. If you don't have many symptoms, you might not need treatment right away. Your doctor will keep a close watch on you. If you do need treatment, its goal is to lower the amount of red blood cells your body makes and prevent blood clots and other complications. Your options include: Phlebotomy.


Question: When do most people find out about polycythemia vera?

Answer: If you have polycythemia vera, you'd usually find out about it when you're 60 or older. But it can happen at any age. It's more common among men than women.


Question: What is the genetic cause of polycythemia vera?

Answer: Your bone marrow makes three types of blood cells: Red White Platelets Red blood cells carry oxygen, white fight infections, and platelets clot your blood to stop bleeding. Most people with polycythemia vera have too many red blood cells. But the disease can also cause you to have too many white blood cells and platelets. Most likely, the problem in your JAK2 or TET2 gene happened over the course of your life. It's rare, but parents can pass these broken genes to children.


Question: What is a complete blood count and how is it used to diagnose polycythemia vera?

Answer: Your doctor takes a sample of your blood and sends it to a lab, where a machine counts the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets you have. An unusually high number of any of these could be a sign of polycythemia vera.


Question: How long does it take for polycythemia vera to develop?

Answer: This disease gets worse very slowly, usually over many years. Although it can be life-threatening if you don't get treatment, most people have a good chance of living a long life when they get the right care.


Question: How is medicine used to lower blood cells in order to treat polycythemia vera?

Answer: If you need more than phlebotomy and aspirin, your doctor may prescribe hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea), a pill that lowers your red blood count and eases symptoms. Another drug, interferon alfa ( Intron A), helps the immune system cut back on making blood cells. The drug ruxolitinib ( Jakafi) is approved for use in people who aren't helped by hydroxyurea or can't handle its side effects.


Question: What are questions to ask my doctor about polycythemia vera?

Answer: Before your appointment, it's a good idea to make a list of things to ask your doctor, such as: Which treatment do you recommend? What are the side effects? How can I prevent complications? Since I have polycythemia vera, am I more likely to have a stroke or heart attack? How can I ease my symptoms?


Question: What can I do to keep myself healthy if I have polycythemia vera?

Answer: Most people with polycythemia vera take low-dose aspirin. There are a lot of ways you can keep yourself comfortable and as healthy as possible: Don't smoke or chew tobacco. Tobacco makes blood vessels narrow, which can make blood clots more likely. Get some light exercise, such as walking, to help your circulation and keep your heart healthy. Do leg and ankle exercises to stop clots from forming in the veins of your legs. Your doctor or a physical therapist can show you how. Bathe or shower in cool water if warm water makes you itch. Keep your skin moist with lotion, and try not to scratch.


Question: What can you do to manage polycythemia vera?

Answer: Most people with polycythemia vera take low-dose aspirin. There are a lot of ways you can keep yourself comfortable and as healthy as possible: Don't smoke or chew tobacco. Tobacco makes blood vessels narrow, which can make blood clots more likely. Get some light exercise, such as walking, to help your circulation and keep your heart healthy. Do leg and ankle exercises to stop clots from forming in the veins of your legs. Your doctor or a physical therapist can show you how. Bathe or shower in cool water if warm water makes you itch. Keep your skin moist with lotion, and try not to scratch.


Question: How will the doctor diagnose polycythemia vera?

Answer: They'll also see if your face is unusually red. Your doctor may ask you questions like: Do you get a lot of headaches? Have you lost weight lately? Do you sometimes feel dizzy or weak? Have you had shortness of breath? Do you sweat a lot at night? Your doctor or a physical therapist can show you how.


Question: What is a lesionectomy?

Answer: A lesionectomy is an operation to remove a lesion -- a damaged or abnormally functioning area -- in the brain. Brain lesions include tumors, scars from a head injury or infection, abnormal blood vessels, and hematomas (a swollen area filled with blood).


Question: What are the side effects of a lesionectomy?

Answer: Side effects of a lesionectomy vary depending on the location and extent of the lesion and the tissue removed. The following side effects may occur after surgery, although they generally go away on their own: Scalp numbness Nausea Feeling tired or depressed Headaches Difficulty speaking, remembering, or finding words Weakness, paralysis Change in personality, memory loss The risks associated with lesionectomy include: Risks associated with surgery, including infection, bleeding, and an allergic reaction to anesthesia Failure to relieve seizures Swelling in the brain Damage to healthy brain tissue


Question: How can lesionectomy help with treating epilepsy?

Answer: A lesion seems to cause seizures in about 20% to 30% of people with epilepsy who do not improve after taking medication; it is not known for certain if the lesion itself triggers the seizures, or if the seizures result from irritation to the brain tissue surrounding the lesion. For this reason, surgery may also include the removal of a small rim of brain tissue around the lesion, called lesionectomy plus corticectomy.


Question: How effective is a lesionectomy?

Answer: Lesionectomy results are excellent in patients whose seizures are clearly associated with a defined lesion.


Question: What happens after a lesionectomy?

Answer: After a lesionectomy, the patient generally stays in an intensive care unit for 24 to 48 hours after surgery and then stays in a regular hospital room for three to four days. Most people who have a lesionectomy will be able to return to their normal activities, including work or school, in six to eight weeks after surgery. Most patients will need to continue taking antiseizure medications. Once seizure control is established, medications may be reduced or eliminated.


Question: Who is a candidate for lesionectomy?

Answer: In addition, it must be possible to remove the lesion and surrounding brain tissue without causing damage to areas of the brain responsible for vital functions, such as movement, sensation, language, and memory. There also must be a reasonable chance that the person will benefit from surgery. Lesionectomy results are excellent in patients whose seizures are clearly associated with a defined lesion.


Question: Can herbal remedies treat pain?

Answer: If you decide to use herbal preparations to better manage your pain, it is of critical importance to share this information with your doctor. Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health.


Question: Can chiropractic treatment and massage treat pain?

Answer: Acupuncture also may be an acceptable alternative to or may be included as part of a comprehensive pain management program. Chiropractic treatment is the most common non-surgical treatment for back pain. Massage is being increasingly used by people suffering from pain, mostly to manage chronic back and neck problems. Massage can reduce stress and relieve tension by enhancing blood flow. This treatment also can reduce the presence of substances that may generate and sustain pain.


Question: Can acupuncture treat pain?

Answer: Although the World Health Organization currently recognizes more than 30 diseases or conditions that can be helped by acupuncture treatment, one of the main uses of acupuncture is for pain relief. Acupuncture is also thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of chemicals that block pain, called endorphins. Acupuncture may be useful as an accompanying treatment for many pain-related conditions, including: headache, low back pain, menstrual cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis and myofascial pain.


Question: What are danger signs of asthma in children?

Answer: Increasing shortness of breath with decreased wheezing is especially dangerous because it means less air is moving in and out of the lungs. If any of these are present go to the emergency department or call 911.


Question: How do I know if my child's asthma is well controlled?

Answer: You know your child's asthma is well controlled if, with medication, your child: Lives an active, normal life Has few troublesome symptoms Attends school every day Performs daily activities without difficulty Has few urgent visits to the doctor, emergency room, or hospital for asthma Has few asthma drug side effects By learning about asthma and how it can be controlled, you take an important step toward managing your child's disease.


Question: What should you do if your child is showing symptoms of an asthma attack?

Answer: If your child is showing symptoms of an asthma attack: Give your child his/her reliever (bronchodilator) medicine according to the asthma action plan. Wait five to fifteen minutes. If the symptoms disappear, your child should be able to resume whatever activity he/she was doing. If symptoms persist, follow your child's asthma action plan for further therapy. If your child fails to improve or you are not sure what action to take, call your child's doctor.


Question: What is sciatica?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Sciatica is a common type of pain affecting the sciatic nerve, a large nerve extending from the lower back down the back of each leg.


Question: What causes sciatica?

Answer: Sciatica is caused by irritation of the root(s) of the lower lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Additional common causes of sciatica include: Lumbar spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back) Degenerative disc disease (breakdown of discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae) Spondylolisthesis (a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another one) Pregnancy Muscle spasm in the back or buttocks Other things that may make your back pain worse include being overweight, not exercising regularly, wearing high heels, or sleeping on a mattress that is too hard or too soft.


Question: What worsens sciatica pain?

Answer: Additional common causes of sciatica include: Lumbar spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back) Degenerative disc disease (breakdown of discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae) Spondylolisthesis (a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another one) Pregnancy Muscle spasm in the back or buttocks Other things that may make your back pain worse include being overweight, not exercising regularly, wearing high heels, or sleeping on a mattress that is too hard or too soft.


Question: What can cause dandruff?

Answer: Several things can cause dandruff: Seborrheic dermatitis: This is oily, itchy, irritated skin that flakes off on your scalp. It also can happen with your eyebrows, groin, or chest hair. Contact dermatitis: Hair care products like shampoo, gel, or dye can irritate your scalp and cause redness, itchiness, and flakes. Fungus called malassezia is a yeast that thrives on the oil on your scalp. If you don't shampoo your hair often enough, oily skin can flake off. Dry skin can lead to small flakes on your scalp. You'll probably have dry skin all over your body. Male hormones: Men are more likely to get dandruff than women. People whose immune systems can't fight off diseases, for instance people who have HIV, may be more likely to get dandruff.


Question: How is scalp psoriasis diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may figure out the reason your scalp flakes or itches just from your symptoms. To be sure, she may look at a small piece of skin from your scalp under a microscope or send it to a lab.


Question: How is scalp psoriasis treated?

Answer: Coal tar and salicylic acid shampoos or scalp treatments may also help with mild scalp psoriasis. Topical creams, ointments, and foams like the following can slow psoriasis skin buildup and ease red, scaly patches on your scalp. They may have vitamins or steroids to calm the inflammation: Anthralin ( Zithranol- RR) Calcipotriene ( Dovonex) Calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate ( Taclonex) Calcitriol ( Vectical) Tazarotene ( Tazorac) Your doctor can also put steroids (strong anti-inflammatory drugs) into the patches on your scalp if your psoriasis is milder or just in a few spots. If you have severe psoriasis, you may need stronger drugs. These include methotrexate, which affects how certain cells grow; cyclosporine, which slows down your immune system; biologics, which target specific areas of your immune system; or oral retinoids, which are high doses of vitamin A. You can also try ultraviolet or UV light treatments to control your psoriasis patches. You can part your hair in rows so UV light from a special lamp can reach your scalp or use a handheld UV comb that beams the light directly to your scalp.


Question: Is dandruff a serious condition?

Answer: You can't catch it from anyone else or pass it on. It can be uncomfortable or embarrassing, though. More serious outbreaks can be red and painful.


Question: How is scalp psoriasis different from dandruff?

Answer: Once you have the right diagnosis, you can treat the cause and get some relief. Psoriasis can affect your scalp, and the red, scaly patches it causes can flake off like dandruff does.


Question: How should I tell my kids about my bipolar disorder?

Answer: If you have kids, find a way to tell them what's happening. They probably sense that something is wrong anyway. If you keep them in the dark, it might just make it scarier. Explain bipolar disorder in a way that they can understand. Say that it's a disease that affects your mood, but that you're getting treatment for it.


Question: Should I be around people when I have bipolar disorder?

Answer: Bipolar disorder can make relationships hard. When you're depressed, you may want to retreat from the world. If you've just come out of a manic phase, you may not want to face people you treated badly. Either way, it's easy to let some friendships slip away. Don't let it happen. Force yourself to get together with other people, even if it may be hard at first. The worst thing you can do is to push people away.


Question: How can I help my bipolar disorder through my relationships?

Answer: Obviously, you don't need to tell everyone you know about your condition. But you also shouldn't rely on only one person. It's much better to have a number of people you can turn to in a crisis or when you need help (such as a ride or child care while you go to a doctor's appointment). Decide how often friends and family should check in and what to do if things are getting out of control. If you become manic, you might agree that your loved ones should take away your car keys or credit cards so you don't do anything reckless. If you start thinking about harming yourself, they certainly need to know how to get emergency help. During a manic or depressive phase, you may have upset people you care about.


Question: What should I do if family or friends have been hurt by my bipolar disorder?

Answer: During a manic or depressive phase, you may have upset people you care about. So try to hear them out and see things from their point of view. If you've hurt people, apologize. Let them know that you didn't mean to act the way you did, and reassure them that you're getting treatment. If you've just come out of a manic phase, you may not want to face people you treated badly. The worst thing you can do is to push people away.


Question: How is bipolar disorder different in children?

Answer: Young children in a manic phase might be more irritable than adults; they may be more likely to have psychotic symptoms, hearing and seeing things that aren't real. During a depressive episode, they might be more likely to complain of physical symptoms, like aches and pains. One of the most notable differences is that bipolar disorder in children cycles much more quickly. While manic and depressive periods may be separated by weeks, months, or years in adults, they can happen within a single day in children.


Question: What can you do to prevent genital warts?

Answer: To prevent genital warts, some of the steps you can take include: Abstaining from sexual contact Using condoms during sexual activity Having sex only with a partner who is not having sex with other people Avoiding sex with anyone who has visible symptoms of genital warts


Question: How are warts prevented?

Answer: If you already have warts, you can prevent them from spreading by not picking at them. Consider covering warts with bandages. In addition, keep hands as dry as possible -- warts are harder to control in moist environments. You should never brush, comb, or shave areas where warts are present as this can cause the virus to spread. Wash hands thoroughly after touching any warts.


Question: What should you know about skin conditions and warts?

Answer: There are more than 60 kinds of HPV, some of which tend to cause warts on the skin. HPV stimulates quick growth of cells on the skin's outer layer. In most cases, common warts appear on the fingers, near the fingernails, or on the hands. Certain types of HPV can also cause warts to appear in the genital area. Warts are caused through direct contact with HPV, which is contagious.


Question: How does depression look different in men and women?

Answer: It is common for men to have them also, but the signs of depression in men may be different. Instead of appearing sad, men often can become irritable or aggressive, drink too much, or act recklessly. Men often don't recognize or admit they're depressed, and they are less likely than women to seek help for depression. Also, because the signs of depression in men can look different than they do in women, doctors may not diagnosis it as often. For these reasons, depression in men may often go unidentified and untreated.


Question: What are some old ideas about depression in men that need to end?

Answer: It's hard to shake the old ideas about depression in men: " Real men don't cry," and "men sure as hell have to always be in control of their feelings." But it's time to add this new idea to the list: Depression is a medical illness that's biologically different from everyday sadness, and it can afflict both men and women. You wouldn't ignore pneumonia or heart disease or diabetes. If you think you might have a clinical depression, be a real man and take care of yourself. Ask for help, and get treated.


Question: What is depression, and who gets it?

Answer: Depression is a serious but treatable medical condition -- a brain disease -- that can strike anyone. In America, more than 6 million men have depression each year. If left untreated, it can result in personal, family, and financial problems. The most serious consequence of depression in men is suicide. Men are four times more likely than women to commit suicide.


Question: What are several recognized forms of depression?

Answer: There are several recognized forms of depression: Major depression . Symptoms are serious and last for weeks or months. Psychotic depression. Suicide risk is especially high in this form of depression. Persistent depressive disorder. With bipolar disorder, episodes of depression alternate with mania, an excessively "high" mood with excessive energy and sleeplessness and the potential for serious problems.


Question: Are there any adults who should not receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?

Answer: Certain people should not get the HPV vaccine or should wait before getting it: Anyone who has had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of the HPV vaccine Anyone who has had a previous life-threatening allergic reaction to an ingredient in the HPV vaccine Pregnant women Anyone with a moderate or severe illness; people who feel mildly ill may still receive the HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine is not known to be harmful to pregnant women or their babies. However, until more information is known, pregnant women are advised not to receive the HPV vaccine. Women who are breastfeeding can safely receive the HPV vaccine.


Question: What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: The HPV vaccine effectively prevents infection with the HPV types responsible for most cervical cancers and can also prevent genital warts. HPV vaccination is most effective during childhood or adolescence, but adults can also benefit from the HPV vaccine. HPV infection is extremely common; most sexually active people will be infected with HPV at some point in life. HPV infection usually causes no symptoms, but can cause genital warts and anal cancer in both women and men.