Question: How do probiotics work?

Answer: Some of the ways they may keep you healthy: When you lose "good" bacteria in your body, for example after you take antibiotics, probiotics can help replace them. They can help balance your "good" and "bad" bacteria to keep your body working the way it should. Researchers are still trying to figure out which are best for certain health problems.


Question: What are the different types of probiotics?

Answer: You can find probiotics in supplements and some foods, like yogurt. Doctors often suggest them to help with digestive problems. Many types of bacteria are classified as probiotics. They all have different benefits, but most come from two groups. Ask your doctor about which might best help you. Lactobacillus. You can find it in some dairy products. It may help ease the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and some other conditions. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast found in probiotics. It appears to help fight diarrhea and other digestive problems.


Question: What are symptoms of bipolar mania?

Answer: Symptoms of bipolar disorder can fall between two extreme mood states: Bipolar depression, which includes feelings of being sad, hopeless, helpless, and worthless Bipolar mania, which includes feelings of elation and exuberance coupled with increased energy and activity and little need for sleep In addition, people with bipolar disorder can have manic episodes that occur simultaneously with depressive symptoms, or vice versa. When a manic or depressive episode simultaneously includes symptoms of the opposite pole, that episode is said to have "mixed features." Symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder may consist of the following: Depressed mood and low self-esteem Excessive crying spells Low energy levels and an apathetic view of life Sadness, loneliness, helplessness, feelings of guilt Slow speech, fatigue, and poor coordination and concentration Insomnia or oversleeping Thoughts of suicide or dying Changes in appetite (overeating/not eating) Unexplainable body aches and pains Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities Euphoria or irritability Excessive talking; racing thoughts Inflated self-esteem Unusual energy; less need for sleep Impulsiveness, a reckless pursuit of gratification -- shopping sprees, impetuous travel, more and sometimes promiscuous sex, high-risk business investments, fast driving Hallucinations and or delusions (psychotic features such as these may be involved in about one out of every two of cases of bipolar mania) Bipolar disorder is treated with medications to stabilize mood.


Question: What are symptoms of bipolar depression?

Answer: Symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder may consist of the following: Depressed mood and low self-esteem Excessive crying spells Low energy levels and an apathetic view of life Sadness, loneliness, helplessness, feelings of guilt Slow speech, fatigue, and poor coordination and concentration Insomnia or oversleeping Thoughts of suicide or dying Changes in appetite (overeating/not eating) Unexplainable body aches and pains Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities Euphoria or irritability Excessive talking; racing thoughts Inflated self-esteem Unusual energy; less need for sleep Impulsiveness, a reckless pursuit of gratification -- shopping sprees, impetuous travel, more and sometimes promiscuous sex, high-risk business investments, fast driving Hallucinations and or delusions (psychotic features such as these may be involved in about one out of every two of cases of bipolar mania) Bipolar disorder is treated with medications to stabilize mood.


Question: How does family counseling work in the treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Family counseling: Bipolar disorder extends beyond the patient and can affect the entire family. Families are frequently involved in outpatient therapy as they receive education about bipolar disorder and work with the therapist and patient to learn how to recognize early warnings of an impending manic or depressive episode.


Question: Why is it important to be aware of early warning signs of bipolar disorder?

Answer: While bipolar disorder cannot be prevented, it's important to be aware of early warning signs of an impending episode of bipolar depression or bipolar mania. Early recognition of bipolar warning signs and seeing your doctor regularly can allow you to monitor your mood and medications and keep illness from escalating. In fact, although treating bipolar disorder moods is critical, there is a convincing case supported by scientific studies that the prevention of further mood episodes should be the greatest goal.


Question: What are symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Answer: Symptoms of bipolar disorder can fall between two extreme mood states: Bipolar depression, which includes feelings of being sad, hopeless, helpless, and worthless Bipolar mania, which includes feelings of elation and exuberance coupled with increased energy and activity and little need for sleep In addition, people with bipolar disorder can have manic episodes that occur simultaneously with depressive symptoms, or vice versa. When a manic or depressive episode simultaneously includes symptoms of the opposite pole, that episode is said to have "mixed features."


Question: How does group counseling work in the treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Different types of talk therapy options are available to help those with bipolar disorder prevent or cope with a mood episode: Individual counseling: This is a one-on-one session with a professional therapist with experience in bipolar disorders in which the patient's problem areas are addressed. Group counseling: Group sessions allow for the sharing of feelings and the development of effective coping strategies. The give-and-take at group sessions can be the most productive way to change the way you think about bipolar disorder and improve coping skills as you face life's challenges.


Question: What might cause sleepwalking?

Answer: You might also have the disorder if you're: Sleep deprived On a chaotic sleep schedule Stressed Drunk Taking drugs such as sedative-hypnotics (which promote relaxation or sleep), neuroleptics (used to treat psychosis), stimulants (which boost activity), and antihistamines (used to treat symptoms of allergy) Medical conditions that have been linked to sleepwalking include: Heart rhythm problems Fever Heartburn Nighttime asthma Nighttime seizures Obstructive sleep apnea (a condition in which you briefly stop breathing during sleep) Restless leg syndrome Psychiatric disorders, for example, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, or dissociative states, such as multiple personality disorder


Question: What is sleepwalking and when does it happen?

Answer: The sleepwalker can't respond during the event and usually doesn't remember it. In some cases, he may talk and not make sense. Sleepwalking mostly happens in childhood, typically between the ages of 4 and 8. But adults can do it, too. When someone sleepwalks, they might quietly walk around their room.


Question: Is sleepwalking genetic?

Answer: The sleepwalker can't respond during the event and usually doesn't remember it. You might also have the disorder if you're: Sleep deprived On a chaotic sleep schedule Stressed Drunk Taking drugs such as sedative-hypnotics (which promote relaxation or sleep), neuroleptics (used to treat psychosis), stimulants (which boost activity), and antihistamines (used to treat symptoms of allergy) Medical conditions that have been linked to sleepwalking include: Heart rhythm problems Fever Heartburn Nighttime asthma Nighttime seizures Obstructive sleep apnea (a condition in which you briefly stop breathing during sleep) Restless leg syndrome Psychiatric disorders, for example, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, or dissociative states, such as multiple personality disorder


Question: What is included in the diverticulitis diet?

Answer: If you're experiencing severe symptoms from diverticulitis, your doctor may recommend a liquid diverticulitis diet as part of your treatment, which can include: Water Fruit juices Broth Ice pops Gradually you can ease back into a regular diet. Your doctor may advise you to start with low-fiber foods (white bread, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products) before introducing high-fiber foods.


Question: Where can you get fiber to help with diverticulitis?

Answer: Here are a few fiber-rich foods to include in meals: Whole-grain breads, pastas, and cereals Beans (kidney beans and black beans, for example) Fresh fruits (apples, pears, prunes) Vegetables (squash, potatoes, peas, spinach) If you're having difficulty structuring a diet on your own, consult your doctor or a dietitian.


Question: How is diverticulitis treated?

Answer: This may be why people in Asia and Africa, where the diet tends to be higher in fiber, have a very low incidence of the condition.


Question: How do people develop diverticulitis?

Answer: When the pouches become inflamed or infected, it leads to a sometimes very painful condition called diverticulitis. In addition to having abdominal pain, people with diverticulitis may experience nausea, vomiting, bloating, fever, constipation, or diarrhea.


Question: What should you do if you're having trouble structuring a diet for diverticulitis?

Answer: Here are a few fiber-rich foods to include in meals: Whole-grain breads, pastas, and cereals Beans (kidney beans and black beans, for example) Fresh fruits (apples, pears, prunes) Vegetables (squash, potatoes, peas, spinach) If you're having difficulty structuring a diet on your own, consult your doctor or a dietitian. They can set up a meal plan that works for you. Your doctor may also recommend a fiber supplement, such as psyllium ( Metamucil) or methylcellulose ( Citrucel) one to three times a day. Drinking enough water and other fluids throughout the day will also help prevent constipation.


Question: How does fiber help with diverticulitis?

Answer: Many studies show that eating fiber-rich foods can help control diverticular symptoms. Women younger than 51 should aim for 25 grams of fiber daily. Men younger than 51 should aim for 38 grams of fiber daily. Women 51 and older should get 21 grams daily. Men 51 and older should get 30 grams daily.


Question: What does diverticulosis cause?

Answer: Diverticulosis usually causes no or few symptoms; leaving many people unaware that they even have diverticula present.


Question: What can lead to diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Answer: Diverticulitis may need to be treated with antibiotics or, in severe cases, surgery. In the past, doctors had recommended that people with diverticular disease (diverticulosis or diverticulitis) avoid hard-to-digest foods such as nuts, corn, popcorn, and seeds, for fear that these foods would get stuck in the diverticula and lead to inflammation.


Question: How do people develop diverticulosis?

Answer: This may be why people in Asia and Africa, where the diet tends to be higher in fiber, have a very low incidence of the condition. In the past, doctors had recommended that people with diverticular disease (diverticulosis or diverticulitis) avoid hard-to-digest foods such as nuts, corn, popcorn, and seeds, for fear that these foods would get stuck in the diverticula and lead to inflammation.


Question: What causes subconjunctival hemorrhages?

Answer: Most subconjunctival hemorrhages are spontaneous without an obvious cause. Often, a person may discover a subconjunctival hemorrhage on awakening and looking in the mirror. Most spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhages are first noticed by another person seeing a red spot on your eye.


Question: What is the conjunctiva in subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: The conjunctiva is the thin, moist, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye (called the sclera) and the inside of the eyelids. The conjunctiva is the outermost protective coating of the eyeball. The conjunctiva contains nerves and many small blood vessels. These blood vessels are usually barely visible but become larger and more visible if the eye is inflamed. These blood vessels are somewhat fragile, and their walls may break easily, resulting in a subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding under the conjunctiva). A subconjunctival hemorrhage appears as a bright red or dark red patch on the sclera.


Question: When should you seek medical care for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: If you have a hemorrhage in both eyes at the same time or if the subconjunctival hemorrhage coincides with other symptoms of bleeding, including easy bruising, bleeding gums, or both, contact your health care provider or eye care provider.


Question: What does subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) look like?

Answer: The hemorrhage itself is an obvious, sharply outlined bright red area overlying the sclera. The entire white part of the eye may occasionally be covered by blood.


Question: How can you take care of yourself at home if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding. Usually, no treatment is required.


Question: Is subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) painful?

Answer: When the bleeding first occurs, you may experience a sense of fullness in the eye or under the lid. As the hemorrhage resolves, some people may experience very mild irritation of the eye or merely a sense of awareness of the eye.


Question: What is the medical treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: Usually, no treatment is required. Your health care provider or eye care provider may prescribe artificial tears to ease any irritation that may be present. If the injury is related to trauma, your health care provider or eye care provider may need to examine your eye to rule out the possibility of damage to other parts of the eye.


Question: What is the outlook for a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: This condition clears by itself within one to two weeks. Usually, recovery is complete, without any long-term problems, similar to a mild bruise under the skin. Like a bruise, a subconjunctival hemorrhage changes colors (often red to orange to yellow) as it heals.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: Go to your health care provider, eye care provider, or emergency department immediately if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage and you have any of the following: Pain associated with the hemorrhage Changes in vision (for example, blurry vision, double vision, difficulty seeing) History of a bleeding disorder History of high blood pressure Injury from trauma to the eye Is there any sign of damage to the eye? Will I develop any scarring or permanent vision loss from this subconjunctival hemorrhage? What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage? How can I prevent a subconjunctival hemorrhage?


Question: What will happen if you have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: In a spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage, no blood will exit from the eye.


Question: What medical treatment can you use for a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: Usually, no treatment is needed. Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding.


Question: What is the outlook if you have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: This condition clears by itself within one to two weeks. Usually, recovery is complete, without any long-term problems, similar to a mild bruise under the skin. Like a bruise, a subconjunctival hemorrhage changes colors (often red to orange to yellow) as it heals. A skin bruise changes to various shades of green, black and blue as it heals, because the blood is being seen though skin. Because the conjunctiva is transparent, a subconjunctival hemorrhage never has these color characteristics.


Question: Will blood come out of my eye if I have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: In a spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage, no blood will exit from the eye. If you blot the eye with a tissue, there should be no blood on the tissue.


Question: What exams and test are used for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: Your health care provider or eye care provider will take a concise history of the events prior to the subconjunctival hemorrhage and perform an examination. Your blood pressure may also be checked. If you've been evaluated by your primary health care provider initially, you may be referred to an eye care specialist. If trauma was the cause, a more thorough examination using a slit lamp (a special microscope for examining the eye) will usually be performed.


Question: When do you need immediate attention for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: Go to your health care provider, eye care provider, or emergency department immediately if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage and you have any of the following: Pain associated with the hemorrhage Changes in vision (for example, blurry vision, double vision, difficulty seeing) History of a bleeding disorder History of high blood pressure Injury from trauma to the eye Is there any sign of damage to the eye?


Question: How can you take care of subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) at home?

Answer: Usually, no treatment is needed. Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding.


Question: What are the symptoms of subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: Most of the time, no symptoms are associated with a subconjunctival hemorrhage other than seeing blood over the white part of the eye.


Question: Where can you go for more information about subconjunctival hemorrhages?

Answer: American Academy of Ophthalmology 655 Beach Street Box 7424 San Francisco, CA 94120 (415) 561-8500 Media file 1: Subconjunctival hemorrhage.


Question: What exams and tests do you need if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: You may need to have blood tests. Your blood pressure may also be checked. If you've been evaluated by your primary health care provider initially, you may be referred to an eye care specialist. If trauma was the cause, a more thorough examination using a slit lamp (a special microscope for examining the eye) will usually be performed.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?

Answer: Will I develop any scarring or permanent vision loss from this subconjunctival hemorrhage? What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage? How can I prevent a subconjunctival hemorrhage? If the injury is related to trauma, your health care provider or eye care provider may need to examine your eye to rule out the possibility of damage to other parts of the eye.


Question: When should I tell people after being diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: If you tell people about your cancer, you give them a chance to help and share their support. Only you know who you feel comfortable telling and when is the right time. Some people may seem uneasy and won't know what to say.


Question: How can you create a support system after being diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: You may feel better talking to other people who have cancer. They're going through the same things you are and share the same feelings. Ask your doctor or search online to find a breast cancer support group. Or you may prefer talking to a close friend or family member, a counselor, or a member of your religious group. Choose someone you know is a good listener.


Question: Should I get a second opinion after being diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: You might feel like you need to hurry and get treatment right away. But it's often a good idea to make sure your diagnosis is right and your treatment plan is on track. Ask your doctor -- or another doctor you trust -- to refer you to a breast cancer specialist. Bring all your medical records so she can get a complete picture of your health. Call your insurance provider.


Question: How can you get educated about breast cancer after your diagnosis?

Answer: The more information you have about what to expect, the more prepared and hopefully less stressed you'll be. Talk to your health care team about the type and stage of breast cancer you have. Ask about possible side effects. Message boards and support groups are filled with people trying to be helpful. Ask if they will pay for the second office visit.


Question: How should you check your feet to check to prevent complications for diabetes?

Answer: Check your feet every day. Look for any cuts, sores, scrapes, blisters, ingrown toenails, redness, or swelling. Wash and dry your feet carefully each day. Use lotion to avoid dry skin or cracked heels. Wear shoes on hot pavement or on the beach, and socks and shoes in cold weather. Test bathwater before you get in to avoid burns on your feet. Keep your toenails trimmed and filed straight across.


Question: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the kidneys?

Answer: Kidneys. Diabetes can affect blood vessels in your kidneys, too, so they may not work as well. After many years of trouble, they might stop working.


Question: How can you prevent eye complications of diabetes?

Answer: Protect your eyes. Get a yearly eye exam. Your doctor can look for damage or diseases.


Question: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the skin?

Answer: Diabetes may make you more likely to have yeast infections, itching, or brown or scaly patches.


Question: How can you take care your skin to prevent complications from diabetes?

Answer: Take care of your skin. Keep it clean and dry. Use talcum powder in places where skin may rub together, like your armpits. Don't take very hot showers or baths, or use drying soaps or bath gels. Moisturize your skin with body and hand lotion. Stay warm in cold winter months. Use a humidifier in your bedroom if it feels too dry.


Question: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect nerves?

Answer: If high blood sugar damages your nerves, called diabetic neuropathy, you might feel pain, tingling, or numbness, especially in your feet.


Question: How often should you get a checkup to prevent diabetes?

Answer: Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups. Your doctor can check your blood, urine, and do other tests to spot any problems. These visits are especially important, since many diabetes complications don't have clear warning signs.


Question: How can diabetes affect your heart?

Answer: Years of high blood sugar may harm your body's blood vessels. That raises your chance of having heart disease, which can cause heart attacks or strokes later on. High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely.


Question: How often should you get an eye exam to prevent diabetes?

Answer: Protect your eyes. Get a yearly eye exam. Your doctor can look for damage or diseases.


Question: Can diabetes cause erection problems?

Answer: High blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves, and that may cause cuts, scrapes, or sores to heal slowly.


Question: How can smoking affect your risk for diabetes?

Answer: High blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves, and that may cause cuts, scrapes, or sores to heal slowly. You may lose some feeling in your feet, which keeps you from noticing injuries that can get infected. If an infection gets serious, it might mean you need to have a foot removed.


Question: What levels are blood sugar are least likely to cause health problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: Make these tips part of your regular health routine: Keep tight control of your blood sugar. It's the best way to avoid diabetes complications. Your levels should stay in these healthy ranges as much as possible: Between 70 and 130 mg/d L before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after you start a meal Glycated hemoglobin or A1 C level around 7% Watch your blood pressure and cholesterol.


Question: Can you prevent health problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: Good habits go a long way toward preventing the other health problems that diabetes can cause.


Question: How does getting regular checkups help avoid health complications of diabetes?

Answer: Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups. Your doctor can check your blood, urine, and do other tests to spot any problems. These visits are especially important, since many diabetes complications don't have clear warning signs.


Question: How can diabetes affect your skin?

Answer: Diabetes may make you more likely to have yeast infections, itching, or brown or scaly patches.


Question: If I have diabetes, will I have the associated complications?

Answer: Too much sugar in your blood can damage nerves and blood vessels, which can lead to many different types of problems. But those complications aren't set in stone for everyone with diabetes -- there's a lot you can do to avoid them. Along with treatment, good health habits can help you keep your disease under control and keep other troubles at bay. Take care of your skin.


Question: How can you watch your blood pressure and cholesterol to prevent diabetes?

Answer: High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely. If they're too high, you're more likely to get other health problems, like heart disease. Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups.


Question: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the feet?

Answer: Men with diabetes may be at risk for sexual problems, because high blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves that the body needs to get and keep an erection. If you need help to quit, your doctor can recommend treatments that might work for you. Test bathwater before you get in to avoid burns on your feet.


Question: What blood pressure and cholesterol levels are least likely to cause health problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely. If they're too high, you're more likely to get other health problems, like heart disease. Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups.


Question: What complications can occur from diabetes?

Answer: Too much sugar in your blood can damage nerves and blood vessels, which can lead to many different types of problems. But those complications aren't set in stone for everyone with diabetes -- there's a lot you can do to avoid them. Along with treatment, good health habits can help you keep your disease under control and keep other troubles at bay. Take care of your skin.


Question: When can I join hospice care?

Answer: You may enter a program if your doctor states that you have a terminal illness and that death can be expected in 6 months or less. You can stay in hospice beyond that time if your doctor and the team decide you still have only a short time to live. Hospice isn't always a permanent choice. For example, if your kidneys are failing, you might choose the hospice program rather than continuing with dialysis. But you can still change your mind, stop hospice care, and start back on treatments. Other people may get better unexpectedly and quit the service with the option of returning later.


Question: What do I need to know about hospice care?

Answer: Some people might think using hospice means they're giving up. Others may worry that they won't get the medical care they need. But the service simply focuses on the quality of your life instead of trying to cure a disease. Your team may include a doctor, nurse, social worker, counselor, chaplain (if you're religious), home health aide, and trained volunteers. They work together to meet your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Hospice is for family members, too. It offers counseling and help with practical things such as cleaning house and shopping.


Question: How do I find a program for hospice care?

Answer: Other services that are available include: Chaplain and spiritual services for you and your loved ones Social work and counseling Medicine to ease pain Medical equipment and supplies Advice on eating Physical and speech therapy Counseling for your loved ones Start by asking doctors, nurses, social workers, and friends for ideas. On the Internet, you can go to the website of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. You can call the NHPCO at 800-658-8898. For languages other than English, call 877-658-8896. You'll want to ask the hospice what's the role of your own doctor once care begins and whether the same nurse will visit during the week.


Question: What levels of care does hospice offer?

Answer: The four levels are: Routine Home Care. The most common level of hospice care, this includes nursing and home health aide services. Continuous Home Care. This is when a patient needs continuous nursing care during a time of crisis. General Inpatient Care. Short-term care during times when pain and symptoms can't be managed without a hospital setting. Respite Care. Short-term care in a facility during times when the patient's caregiver needs a break in caregiving. You might decide you or your loved one wishes to stay where friends and family can visit freely. In fact, most people choose this option. A relative or friend usually serves as the primary caregiver.


Question: What happens once you're in hospice?

Answer: You want relief from pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms so that you can focus on the people and things you care about the most. A doctor -- either your own or one connected with a program -- will give medical care. Nurses will also check on you. Aides will assist with things such as bathing, dressing, cleaning, and cooking. Other services that are available include: Chaplain and spiritual services for you and your loved ones Social work and counseling Medicine to ease pain Medical equipment and supplies Advice on eating Physical and speech therapy Counseling for your loved ones Start by asking doctors, nurses, social workers, and friends for ideas.


Question: Is withdrawal a good method of birth control?

Answer: The pull out method, also called the withdrawal method, is not a reliable way to prevent pregnancy. In addition to not preventing pregnancy all that well, this isn't a good method of birth control because: It does nothing to protect you from sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs). So it can't help if there's any chance you could get something from your partner. But for couples who wouldn't mind a surprise pregnancy, the withdrawal method has benefits. It's free and convenient. It has no side effects, and you don't need to see a doctor or get a prescription.


Question: When should I get cataract surgery?

Answer: But as cataracts grow, they can cause more symptoms. You could have dim or blurred vision. You may also have double vision when you look at things through the eye with the cataract. These problems can make it hard to read, work on a computer, and do anything else that calls for clear eyesight. You may have poor night vision and find it harder to drive when it's dark. You may be sensitive to glare from headlights. This can keep you from being outdoors as much as you'd like. It also makes it harder to play some sports, such as skiing or golf. If you have any of these symptoms, surgery could help. Your surgeon will make a tiny cut in the front of your eye, sometimes with the help of a laser. During this time, you may also have some tearing and find it hard to see well in bright light.


Question: What should I do if my child breaks a finger?

Answer: Do not try to straighten the finger. If the bone has broken through the skin, do not touch it. Drape gauze or a clean diaper over the injury, control the bleeding, and get emergency help. Go to the pediatrician's office or the emergency room.


Question: How do I reduce swelling in my child's broken finger?

Answer: You think your child has broken a finger. If possible, keep your child's hand elevated.


Question: Where can I get help for my child's broken finger?

Answer: Do not try to straighten the finger. Go to the pediatrician's office or the emergency room.


Question: Can the drugs that are used to treat bipolar disorder be dangerous?

Answer: Preliminary studies also suggest that the atypical antipsychotic cariprazine ( Vraylar) also may have value for treating bipolar depression Some of these drugs can potentially become toxic if doses get too high. Therefore, they need to be monitored periodically with blood tests and clinical assessments by the prescriber. Because it is often difficult to predict which patient will react to what drug or what the dosage should ultimately be, the psychiatrist will often need to experiment with several different medications when beginning treatment.


Question: When is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer: Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is sometimes used for severely manic or depressed patients and for those who don't respond to medication or for those women who, while pregnant, experience symptoms. Because it can act quickly, it may be especially helpful for severely ill patients who are at high risk for attempting suicide. ECT fell out of favor in the 1960s partly due to distorted, negative portrayals of its use in the media. But modern procedures have been shown to be both safe and highly effective. The patient is first anesthetized and a muscle relaxant is given. Then, while the patient is asleep, a small electric current is passed through electrodes placed on the scalp to produce a grand mal seizure of short duration -- less than one minute. A course of treatment usually involves 6-12 treatments, typically administered three times per week. During the course of ECT treatments -- usually two to four weeks -- lithium and other mood stabilizers are sometimes discontinued to minimize side effects. They are then resumed after completion of the treatment.


Question: What is important when helping and supporting someone with bipolar disorder?

Answer: In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, patients may engage in risky activities, such as fast driving or certain risky sports. They should be monitored and prevented from taking chances, especially in a car. Drinks and foods containing caffeine -- tea, coffee, and cola-- should be allowed in moderation. Avoid alcohol at all times. It is very important for a patient experiencing manic symptoms to receive prompt psychiatric assessment. Family members may need to contact the doctor, because oftentimes patients in a manic or hypomanic episode have little insight into their illness and may refuse treatment. But prompt intervention, including possible medication adjustments at an early point in an episode, may prevent further problems and the need for hospitalization.


Question: If I have bipolar disorder, is it important to have support from family?

Answer: The family or spouse of a patient should be involved with any treatment. Having full information about the disease and its manifestations is important for both the patient and loved ones.


Question: What are some of the drugs that help treat bipolar disorder?

Answer: Valproic acid ( Depakote) is a mood stabilizer that is helpful in treating the manic or mixed phases of bipolar disorder, along with carbamazepine ( Equetro), another antiepileptic drug. These drugs may be used alone or in combination with lithium to control symptoms. In addition, newer drugs are coming into the picture when traditional medications are insufficient. Lamotrigine( Lamictal), another antiepileptic drug, has been shown to have value for preventing depression and, to a lesser degree, manias or hypomanias. Other antiepileptic drugs, such as gabapentin( Neurontin), oxcarbazepine ( Trileptal), or topiramate ( Topamax), are regarded as experimental treatments that sometimes have value for symptoms of bipolar disorder or other conditions that often occur with it. Haloperidol ( Haldol Decanoate) or other newer antipsychotic medications, such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), asenapine ( Saphris), olanzapine ( Zyprexa, Zyprexa Relprevv, and Zyprexa Zydis) or risperidone( Risperdal), are often given to patients as an alternative to lithium or divalproex. They also may be given to treat acute symptoms of mania -- particularly psychosis -- before lithium or divalproex ( Depakote) can take full effect, which may be from one to several weeks. Another antipsychotic, lurasidone ( Latuda), is approved for use in bipolar I depression as is the combination of olanzapine plus fluoxetine (called Symbyax). The antipsychotic quetiapine ( Seroquel) is approved to treat bipolar I or II depression. Preliminary studies also suggest that the atypical antipsychotic cariprazine ( Vraylar) also may have value for treating bipolar depression Some of these drugs can potentially become toxic if doses get too high.


Question: What is the most typical treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Typically, treatment entails a combination of at least one mood-stabilizing drug and/or atypical antipsychotic, plus psychotherapy. The most widely used drugs for the treatment of bipolar disorder include lithium carbonate and valproic acid (also known as Depakote or generically as divalproex). Lithium carbonate can be remarkably effective in reducing mania, although doctors still do not know precisely how it works. Lithium may also prevent recurrence of depression, but its value seems greater against mania than depression; therefore, it is often given in conjunction with other medicines known to have greater value for depression symptoms, sometimes including antidepressants.


Question: What should a home environment be like for someone with bipolar disorder?

Answer: If someone you live with has bipolar disorder, maintain a calm environment, particularly when that person is in a manic phase. Keep to regular routines for daily activities -- sleeping, eating, and exercise. Adequate sleep is very important in preventing the onset of episodes. Avoid excessive stimulation. Parties, animated conversation, and long periods of watching television or videos can exacerbate manic symptoms. Alcohol or illicit drug use can cause or worsen mood symptoms and make prescription medicines work less effectively.


Question: What three classes of medication is bipolar disorder treated with?

Answer: Bipolar disorder is treated with three main classes of medication: mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and, while their safety and effectiveness for the condition are sometimes controversial,antidepressants.


Question: What are the newer types of nonpharmocological treatments for depression and bipolar disorder?

Answer: The newer types of nonpharmocological treatments of depression are: VNS ( Vagus or Vagal Nerve Stimulation) involves implantation of a device that sends electrical signals to the vagus nerve in order to treat depression. TMS ( Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a procedure which involves the use of an electromagnetic coil to create electrical currents and stimulate nerve cells in the mood centers of the brain as a treatment for depression. Light therapy has proved effective as an additional treatment when bipolar disorder has a connection to seasonal affective disorder. For those people who usually become depressed in winter, sitting for 20 minutes to 30 minutes a day in front of a special light box with a full-spectrum light can help treat depression.


Question: What are nondrug treatments for depression and bipolar disorder?

Answer: While medications are usually the cornerstone of treatment for bipolar disorder, ongoing psychotherapy is important to help patients understand and accept the personal and social disruptions of past episodes and better cope with future ones. Several specific forms of psychotherapy have been shown to help speed recovery and improve functioning in bipolar disorder, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal/social rhythm therapy, family therapy, and group therapy. In addition, because denial is often a problem -- sticking with medications can be especially tricky in adolescence -- routine psychotherapy helps patients stay on their medications.


Question: What are some concerns when using antidepressants as a form of treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Lithium may also prevent recurrence of depression, but its value seems greater against mania than depression; therefore, it is often given in conjunction with other medicines known to have greater value for depression symptoms, sometimes including antidepressants. In general, your doctor may try to keep the use of antidepressants limited and brief. Long-term treatment with antidepressants in bipolar disorder tends to be recommended only when the initial response is clear-cut and there are no current or emerging signs of mania or hypomania. Some antidepressants -- given alone or in combination with other drugs -- may trigger a manic episode or cause cycles between depression and mania to be more rapid. If an antidepressant is not clearly having a beneficial effect for bipolar depression, there is usually little reason to continue it.


Question: If you have depression, should you keep a diary of your moods?

Answer: In each entry, include: How you're feeling that day Your current symptoms Any events that might have affected your mood How much sleep you got the night before The exact doses of any medicines you took Bring your journal to your first appointment. Show it to your doctor and therapist. If you keep a journal for a few weeks or months, you may start to see patterns to your mood changes that you never noticed before.


Question: What are some questions to ask your therapist when you start therapy for depression?

Answer: You could ask your therapist: What kind of approach do you use? What will our goals be? What will you expect of me? Will you give me specific assignments to do between sessions? How often will we meet? How do we decide whether therapy will be short-term or long-term? How much does each session cost, and what is your policy for cancellations or missed appointments?


Question: How do I find a therapist or a psychiatrist for depression?

Answer: Ask your regular doctor for a recommendation. You can also get in touch with organizations such as NAMI, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, which can suggest experts in your area. Keep in mind that anyone can call himself or herself a "therapist." Your therapist should be a licensed psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, psychiatric nurse, or counselor.


Question: Can physical problems be signs of depression?

Answer: Make sure to tell your doctor or therapist about pain, stomach problems, sleep problems, or any other physical symptoms. In some cases, you may need treatment for these symptoms. Ask them about changes they've noticed in your behavior. They may have seen symptoms that you missed. And if you're nervous about your first appointment, ask for a friend or family member to come along.


Question: How does mitral valve regurgitation happen?

Answer: The mitral valve is supposed to be a one-way passage. It has flaps that should close behind the surge of blood it sends to the left ventricle. But sometimes the valve doesn't seal properly. That allows blood to flow backward through it, returning to the left atrium. When this happens, you have mitral valve regurgitation. You might hear a doctor sometimes call it âmitral valve insufficiency.â The most common reason this happens is because the mitral valve is damaged.


Question: What are symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer: But if the condition worsens, you might have: Heart palpitations, which happen when your heart skips a beat. They produce feelings in your chest that can range from fluttering to pounding. They may be more likely to happen when you're lying on your left side. Coughing Fatigue Shortness of breath Rapid breathing Chest pain Doctors usually find a problem with your heart valve by sound.


Question: What are complications of mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer: Other possible causes: A buildup of calcium can keep it from working as it should Rheumatic fever, which can develop as a result of strep throat, can damage your mitral valve A type of bacterial infection called âinfective endocarditis,â which attacks the lining of your heart's chambers and valves, might also cause it Severe regurgitation can cause blood clots, gel-like clumps that can create serious problems if they get to the lungs or brain. The condition can also cause fluid to build up in the lungs, straining the right side of the heart. If you have regurgitation, less blood is going to your body. Your heart works harder to make up for the shortfall. If this goes on long enough, your heart could enlarge, making it harder to pump blood and raising the risk of heart failure. It also can lead to an irregular, or uneven, heartbeat or a stroke.


Question: How can surgery help with treating mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer: Medications can't actually fix a valve problem, but they can target other things that make regurgitation worse. If it has to be replaced, she can implant either a man-made device or one taken from a cow, a pig, or a person who died and donated the organ. People who have had valve surgery are often asked to take antibiotics before they have dental work or other surgery to prevent endocarditis, or inflammation of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart. You should ask your doctor whether you'll need to take them.


Question: What are treatments for mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer: A doctor can figure out whether you have a mild case and might not even need treatment, or a more serious situation that will need medication or surgery. Your doctor might also want to get a CT or MRI scan of your chest to help figure out what's going on. Blood thinners can help prevent clots. You can take something if you have high blood pressure, which makes regurgitation worse. In tougher cases, you might need an operation. Sometimes, a surgeon can fix your valve.


Question: Do antibiotics work on ringworm?

Answer: Myth 10: Ringworm is treated with antibiotics Antibiotics kill bacteria. They won't work on ringworm, which is caused by a fungus.


Question: Who's more likely to get ringworms?

Answer: Myth 4: Only children get ringworm Children are more likely to get certain types of ringworm, but you can get infected with the fungus at any age.


Question: How long does it take ringworm to show up?

Answer: The red rash can actually take a few days to appear on your skin. If you have ringworm of the scalp, you may not see any signs for a full two weeks after you were exposed.


Question: Can ringworm spread between humans and animals?

Answer: Myth 7: You can't catch ringworm from your pet Humans and their pets can share a number of diseases, including ringworm. Not only can you catch ringworm from your cat, dog, rabbit, or bird, but you can give it to your pet, too. That's why it's important to take your pet to the vet if you suspect ringworm. Keep infected pets away from your family -- as well as from other pets. And wash your hands with soap and warm water every time you touch your pet until the infection clears.


Question: Where does ringworm usually appear?

Answer: Myth 2: Ringworm only affects the skin Although ringworm often does appear on the skin, including the scalp, it can also show up on the fingernails or toenails. Ringworm of the nails doesn't create a ring-like pattern. Instead, it turns the nails thick, yellow, and brittle.


Question: What should I do if a member of the household has ringworm?

Answer: Myth 9: Only the infected person needs to be treated for ringworm Because ringworm is so contagious, other people in the household may also need to be treated -- even if they don't have any symptoms. If there's a chance they may have picked up ringworm of the scalp, they may need to use a special shampoo or even pills and be examined to determine if there is an infection.


Question: What are signs that I have ringworm?

Answer: Myth 3: Everyone with ringworm develops red rings on their skin Some people who are infected do develop the scaly red ring that gives the condition its name -- but not everyone. If you get ringworm infection, you will probably see bumpy red patches around your skin, but they won't necessarily take the shape of rings. On your scalp, ringworm may look more like a flaky red pimple than a ring.


Question: What causes a ringworm?

Answer: Myth 1: Ringworm is caused by a worm Probably the most pervasive ringworm myth, this one stems from the condition's name. Ringworm of the nails doesn't create a ring-like pattern. The red rash can actually take a few days to appear on your skin.


Question: What are the symptoms of depression?

Answer: They can include: Trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions Fatigue Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness Pessimism and hopelessness Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or sleeping too much Irritability Restlessness Loss of interest in things once pleasurable, including sex Overeating, or appetite loss Aches, pains, headaches, or cramps that won't go away Digestive problems that don't get better, even with treatment Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings Suicidal thoughts or attempts There isn't a "depression test" a doctor can use to see if you have it, so figuring that out often starts with a thorough history and physical exam.


Question: How is depression diagnosed?

Answer: They can include: Trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions Fatigue Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness Pessimism and hopelessness Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or sleeping too much Irritability Restlessness Loss of interest in things once pleasurable, including sex Overeating, or appetite loss Aches, pains, headaches, or cramps that won't go away Digestive problems that don't get better, even with treatment Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings Suicidal thoughts or attempts There isn't a "depression test" a doctor can use to see if you have it, so figuring that out often starts with a thorough history and physical exam. Your doctor will want to know: When your symptoms started How long they've lasted How severe they are If depression or other mental illnesses run in your family If you have a history of drug or alcohol abuse You'll also be asked if you've had similar symptoms of depression before, and if so, how it was treated.


Question: Does electroconvulsive therapy treat symptoms of depression?

Answer: Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is a treatment option for people whose symptoms don't get better with medicine or who have severe depression and need treatment immediately.


Question: How is depression treated?

Answer: If your doctor rules out a physical cause for your symptoms, he may start you on a treatment or refer you to a mental health professional. This specialist will figure out the best course of treatment. That may include medicines (such as antidepressants), a type of therapy called psychotherapy, or both.


Question: Are there warning signs of suicide with depression?

Answer: Warning signs include: A sudden switch from sadness to extreme calmness, or appearing to be happy Always talking or thinking about death Clinical depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Taking risks that could lead to death, such as driving through red lights Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Putting affairs in order, like tying up loose ends or changing a will Saying things like " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Talking about suicide Visiting or calling close friends and loved ones If you or someone you know shows any of the above warning signs, call your local suicide hotline, contact a mental health professional right away, or go to the emergency room.


Question: Where can you get help for depression?

Answer: They can test you for depression and help manage your symptoms. If your depression goes untreated, it may get worse and last for months, even years. It can cause pain and possibly lead to suicide, as it does for about 1 of every 10 people with depression. Recognizing the symptoms is key. If your doctor rules out a physical cause for your symptoms, he may start you on a treatment or refer you to a mental health professional.


Question: When should you seek help for depression?

Answer: It's a normal reaction to loss, life's struggles, or injured self-esteem. But when these feelings become overwhelming, cause physical symptoms, and last for long periods of time, they can keep you from leading a normal, active life. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } That's when it's time to seek medical help.


Question: When should I seek help for depression?

Answer: Your doctor will want to know: When your symptoms started How long they've lasted How severe they are If depression or other mental illnesses run in your family If you have a history of drug or alcohol abuse You'll also be asked if you've had similar symptoms of depression before, and if so, how it was treated. If your doctor rules out a physical cause for your symptoms, he may start you on a treatment or refer you to a mental health professional. It's important to understand that feeling depressed doesn't mean you have depression. That condition involves not only changes in mood, but also changes in sleep, energy, appetite, concentration, and motivation. If you have physical symptoms like these and find yourself feeling depressed much of the time for days or weeks, see your doctor.


Question: What are the different forms of arnica?

Answer: Arnica can come in tablets, tinctures, ointments, gels, and mouth rinses. Like any supplement, keep arnica in a cool, dry place, away from humidity and direct sunlight.


Question: What is arnica?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Arnica is an herb that grows in Europe and the U. S. It's often used as a skin treatment for bruises, aches, and pains.


Question: Is arnica safe?

Answer: Because of the risks of pure arnica, the FDA classifies it as an unsafe herb. Doctors who practice complementary medicine generally advise against using arnica in any form other than in a highly diluted homeopathic form.


Question: What are food sources of arnica?

Answer: There are no natural food sources of arnica besides the plant itself. Arnica is used as a flavoring in some food products.


Question: How is golfer's elbow diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will need to do a thorough medical exam to diagnose golfer's elbow. He or she may want to do a bone scan or an MRI to rule out other conditions.


Question: What are symptoms of golfer's elbow?

Answer: The primary symptom of golfer's elbow is pain that is centered near the bony knob on the inside of the elbow. Sometimes, it extends all along the inner forearm. You're likely to feel it when you bend your arm inward or flex your wrist toward the body. In most cases, the pain worsens gradually.


Question: What can cause itchy skin?

Answer: Many things can make you want to scratch: Eczema Dry skin Dermatitis Psoriasis Poison ivy Insect bites Hives Shingles Chickenpox Sunburn The kind you put in your bath water isn't the same type that you eat for breakfast.


Question: What ingredients are needed in an oatmeal bath for itchy skin?

Answer: Start with uncooked, whole oats. You can get them from the grocery or health food store. Use a clean food processer or blender to grind them into a fine, even powder. To test the results, add some ground oats to a glass of water. They should quickly turn the liquid milky white. If you're using a store-bought product, follow the directions on the package.


Question: What are possible risks of having oatmeal bath for itchy skin?

Answer: Colloidal oatmeal binds to your skin and forms a protective barrier. If that isn't enough, it cleans your skin, too. People have used it for centuries to ease irritated skin. But you might get a skin rash from it. Your doctor will call this contact dermatitis. If your skin is red and itchy after an oatmeal bath, don't try it again. Topical steroid creams or antihistamine pills can help. See your doctor if the rash doesn't clear up.


Question: What does an eosinophil count do?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Eosinophils are a kind of white blood cell that helps fight disease. The exact role of eosinophils in your body isn't clear, but they're usually linked with allergic diseases and certain infections. They're made in your bone marrow and then travel to different tissues. Eosinophils do two important things in your immune system: curb infections and boost inflammation, which can help you fight off a disease. But if you have too many eosinophils in your body for a long time, doctors call this eosinophilia. It can cause chronic inflammation, which could damage tissues. Conditions where too many eosinophils are in the body include eosinophilic esophagitis (a disorder in your esophagus) and eosinophilic colitis (in your large intestine). Eosinophilic disorders also can happen in your stomach, small intestine, blood, or other organs. Sometimes, a biopsy will show that you have a high amount of eosinophils in your tissues, but you might not have a high amount in your blood. The absolute count is the percentage of eosinophils multiplied by your white blood cell count.


Question: What foods are most likely to cause gas?

Answer: You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated.


Question: Does everyone get gas from the same foods?

Answer: Not everyone will get gas from the same foods.


Question: What can I do to swallow less air and reduce gas?

Answer: To swallow less air, you can try: Cutting out gum or hard candy Eating more slowly Making sure any dentures you wear fit properly Not drinking through straws


Question: Are there prescription drugs to treat gas?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system. Medicines that do that may also move gas through quicker.


Question: How are gas problems treated?

Answer: Gas problems are treated by changing your diet and by training yourself to swallow less air. There are also prescription and over-the-counter medications that can help. Changing your diet will mean getting rid of the foods that cause gas. Unfortunately, this may also result in you having fewer nutritious foods. Ask your doctor to help you build a diet that's healthy but doesn't cause much gas.


Question: How do you make gas?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You make gas in two ways: when you swallow air, and when the bacteria in your large intestine help digest your food. Undigested food moves from the small intestine to the large intestine. Once it gets there, the bacteria go to work, making hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane, which then leave your body.


Question: What are over-the-counter medications for gas?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system.


Question: What are symptoms of gas?

Answer: You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated. You could also have pain in your belly or sides. That pain could be mistaken for something else, like a heart attack or appendicitis.


Question: What will your doctor do if you have chronic belching?

Answer: Chronic belching may be a sign of trouble in your upper digestive tract, like ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease. If you have chronic belching, your doctor will look for signs that you swallow a lot of air. If he thinks you do, he'll look for a cause.


Question: Do you get gas from eating and drinking?

Answer: You usually release swallowed air by burping it. Whatever isn't released by burping goes into the small or large intestine, where it's released as flatulence. You may hear this called GERD. He may ask you to keep a record of what you eat and drink to help him identify foods that cause you trouble.


Question: Could gas be a sign of a medical problem?

Answer: You may hear this called GERD. Many things cause bloating, including: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) Colon cancer Crohn's disease A hernia Since diet is the main cause of gas, your doctor will want to know about the foods you eat and your symptoms. He may get an X-ray of your esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine â he may call it your GI tract -- to rule out disease.


Question: What is gas?

Answer: As your digestive system does its thing, it makes gas. Usually, you get rid of gas through your mouth (burping) or through your anus (flatulence). People gas about 20 times a day. It's an ordinary occurrence, but it can be painful and embarrassing. Many things cause bloating, including: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) Colon cancer Crohn's disease A hernia Since diet is the main cause of gas, your doctor will want to know about the foods you eat and your symptoms.


Question: Should I get tested for HPV?

Answer: If you're healthy, doctors don't routinely test for HPV. For women, the Pap test doesn't check for HPV. It looks for changes in cells in your cervix. If you have certain changes in those cells, your doctor may ask the lab to check for the virus. If you're over age 30 and your pap is normal, your doctor may still test you for HPV. This is called âco-testing.â If you have HPV and abnormal cervical cells, your doctor might order more tests right away. If you have HPV but your Pap results are normal, you may also need to get checked again in a year.


Question: How do I know if I have HPV?

Answer: If you have genital warts, that's a sign of HPV. If you get infected with one of these virus types, it's possible that you could have precancerous changes in cells in the tissue without any symptoms.


Question: What causes a black eye?

Answer: Most black eyes are the result of blunt trauma that causes bleeding beneath the thin eyelid skin, producing the characteristic black and blue discoloration. A fracture deep inside the skull can also blacken both eyes, even though the eye area itself was not injured. People with sinusitis from allergies sometimes get "allergic shiners" -- darkening under the eyes caused by inflamed and engorged blood vessels -- but this is not the same thing as a black eye, which is caused by an injury.


Question: What is a black eye?

Answer: Like many bruises, a "shiner" is usually nothing to worry about and will disappear in 1-2 weeks. In some cases, however, a black eye is a warning sign of more serious injury to the eye or to the skull. Any damage to the eyeball that causes it to become red and swollen must be promptly evaluated by a doctor or an eye specialist. Blunt force eye injuries, as happens in fighting, competitive sports, and ordinary accidents, could involve an unsuspected detached retina, internal bleeding, or other serious problems. An orbital fracture involving one of the five delicate bones around the eye may trap an eye muscle or soft tissues. A fracture could also damage the optic nerve and permanently damage eyesight. If so, emergency surgery may be required to correct the condition. Most black eyes are the result of blunt trauma that causes bleeding beneath the thin eyelid skin, producing the characteristic black and blue discoloration.


Question: How do you diagnose nerve pain?

Answer: Because so many conditions can trigger nerve pain, your doctor might need to run a number of lab tests. You'll also need a thorough neurological exam, and possibly other tests -- like CT scans, MRIs, and nerve conduction studies and electromyographies.


Question: What are symptoms of nerve pain?

Answer: Symptoms of nerve damage can vary from person to person. Sometimes, the nerves become hypersensitive. Something that normally feels painless -- a breeze on your arm, the sensation of a bed sheet on your body -- becomes painful. Damage to the sensory nerves doesn't only cause pain.


Question: How does electrical stimulation treat nerve pain?

Answer: A number of treatments use electrical impulses to block the pain messages sent by damaged nerves. These include TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r TMS.) Both are noninvasive and painless. Some other electrical stimulation approaches are more complex and require surgery.


Question: What is nerve pain?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Nerve pain can be a symptom of many different conditions, including cancer, HIV, diabetes, and shingles. For some, nerve pain is frustrating; for others, nerve pain is devastating and life-changing. Whether it feels like burning, pinpricks, or sudden shocks of electricity, nerve pain can disrupt your life at home and at work.


Question: What can happen with extreme nerve pain?

Answer: It can also result in: Numbness Tingling Pricking Loss of reflexes In extreme cases, nerve damage can cause paralysis and affect things like digestion and breathing.


Question: How can painkillers treat nerve pain?

Answer: However, some studies have indicated that while tricyclic antidepressants may help with diabetic nerve pain, they might not help with nerve pain caused by HIV or cancer chemotherapy. However, for other kinds of nerve pain, doctors generally try anti-inflammatories or pain relievers, or antidepressants and/or anticonvulsants first.


Question: What are some surprising spots for skin cancer?

Answer: The next time you grab your sunscreen, don't forget these spots. They're also important places to look when you search your body for signs of sun damage: Scalp: The top of your head is a common place for skin cancer.


Question: How can you spot skin cancer?

Answer: Check your body often for new growths or any changes in ones you already have. Use hand mirrors to get a closer view: Chest and back Each side Underarms Hands, palms and fingernails Fronts and backs of your arms and legs Tops and soles of your feet Spaces between your toes and toenails Scalp -- part your hair to get a closer look Behind and inside your ears Face and neck Backside and genitals


Question: What causes  hair loss?

Answer: People lose hair for various reasons. Illness and medication (like chemotherapy to treat cancer) can cause hair loss. Hair loss can also be inherited from a parent. Often, hair thins because it is fine-textured -- or because too many harsh chemicals have been used on it -- so it breaks easily.


Question: How can gloves help soothe my dry, itchy skin?

Answer: This means protecting them from harsh household cleaners and dish detergents, which are proven skin irritants. To keep your dry skin soft and supple, cover them with non-latex rubber gloves when it's time to scrub. Or better yet, create a double barrier of protection: Wear a pair of rubber gloves overtop a layer of thin, soft cotton ones before you touch a bucket or sponge.


Question: How do fish and flaxseed oil help soothe my dry, itchy skin?

Answer: But did you know that coconut oil - which contains EFAs -- essential fatty acids -- can help keep your skin hydrated by protecting it from the damaging effects of the environment? Ask your health care provider about adding coconut oil to your diet to help keep your skin moisturized. It also can be applied directly to you skin as a great moisturizer.


Question: How can I soothe a mite-related dry, itchy skin?

Answer: As gross as it may sound, one common household skin irritant lives and breathes in most homes. A study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology reported that exposure to microscopic dust mites promotes inflamed, irritated skin. To prevent mite-related itch, regularly vacuum floors and carpets and wash your bedding in water that is 130 degrees F or hotter at least once a week.


Question: How do I soothe my dry, itchy skin using oats?

Answer: To maximize the grain's itch-fighting power, take an oatmeal bath. Grind either quick or old-fashioned oatmeal in a blender or food processor and slowly sprinkle it into the tub as the water runs. Then soak for at least 15 minutes.


Question: How do hydrating hand sanitizers soothe a dry, itchy skin?

Answer: You can't check out at a convenience store or walk into a doctor's office without seeing a dispenser of hand sanitizer these days. What's not so good is the drying effect these alcohol-based sanitizers have on your hands. To keep your hands smooth, look for hydrating versions that are dermatologist-recommended.


Question: Who can get allergies?

Answer: Allergies run in families. If your parents have allergies, you probably will, too. If one parent is allergic, your odds go up. If both are, your chances more than double. If neither parent is allergic, there's still a small chance you'll get them. Your parents can pass on the tendency to get allergies, but you may never actually have symptoms. Or you may wind up with allergies, but not the same ones as your folks. The more intense the exposure is, the more often you come into contact with the allergen, and the earlier in life this happens, the more likely you'll be allergic.


Question: How much insulin would I get from an insulin pump?

Answer: The insulin pump is designed to deliver a continuous amount of insulin, 24 hours a day according to a programmed plan unique to each pump wearer. The user can change the amount of insulin delivered.


Question: How do I know how much insulin to get from an insulin pump for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: When using an insulin pump, you must monitor your blood glucose level at least four times a day. You set the doses of your insulin and make adjustments to the dose depending on your food intake and exercise program.


Question: How can talking to your doctor help you sleep?

Answer: Let your doctor know that you have trouble sleeping. Find out your options, perhaps including medication, that can help you get a good night's rest.


Question: Why should you avoid bright lights when trying to sleep?

Answer: Light makes you feel alert, which isn't what you want when you need to sleep. If you get up to go to the bathroom, get a drink, or have a snack, keep the lighting dim. If you read, don't use backlit screens such as computers, cell phones, or tablets. They can keep you awake.


Question: How can getting out of bed help you get back to sleep?

Answer: It may not sound like the obvious thing to do, but if can't get back to sleep within 20 minutes or so, go to another room. Do something quiet and unexciting, like listening to soothing music or reading something you've read before. When you feel sleepy again, go back to bed.


Question: How can keeping a sleep diary help you sleep?

Answer: But during the daytime, keep a record of your sleep patterns and other habits. For instance, write down how often you woke up during the night, what disturbed your sleep, and how much caffeine or alcohol you had during the day. Then take the diary to your doctor. It will help the two of you plan a strategy to get more shut-eye.


Question: How can you relax enough to fall asleep?

Answer: You can quiet your mind if yourepeat a phrase while you do some rhythmic breathing. Visualization. It's a type of meditation that helps you distance yourself from stress by imagining the sights, sounds, and scents of a peaceful place. Progressive muscle relaxation. First tense your muscles, then relax them. Do this over and over throughout your body, starting with your feet and working your way up.


Question: How can biofeedback help you sleep?

Answer: Put your mind and body at ease with these techniques: Deep breathing . It can help you learn ways to control your tension levels. Once you master it, biofeedback can help you get back to sleep.


Question: Why shouldn't you stare at the clock if you're trying to get back to sleep?

Answer: Turn the clock away so it's out of your sight line. Do this over and over throughout your body, starting with your feet and working your way up.


Question: What is the difference between pediatric psoriasis and a diaper rash?

Answer: Children under 2 can get psoriatic diaper rash. It happens on the skin that's covered up by the diaper. It may show up like plaque psoriasis, or it may cause a bright red, weeping rash. You can tell the difference between psoriatic diaper rash and regular diaper rash because psoriatic diaper rash doesn't get better with regular diaper rash treatment.


Question: What are options for the treatment of pediatric psoriasis?

Answer: Other options may include: Topical treatments: Most children have mild psoriasis you can treat with cream, lotion, or ointment that's spread onto the skin. These include: Corticosteroids Coal tar Anthralin Calcipotriene (a form of vitamin D) Light therapy: Your child's doctor might choose this option if plaques are on most of your child's body. Types include artificial light ( UV light) and laser therapy. But these treatments are known as second line, meaning your doctor will likely try a topical treatment before light therapy. Oral medications: Your child's doctor will probably recommend medicine to take by mouth or by shot only if the psoriasis is severe. Many of the ones doctors use for adults are not as safe in children and have serious side effects.


Question: What is pediatric psoriasis?

Answer: The two types children are most likely to get are: Plaque psoriasis. It causes red, dry patches called plaques. They're itchy, red, and sometimes painful. Other options may include: Topical treatments: Most children have mild psoriasis you can treat with cream, lotion, or ointment that's spread onto the skin.


Question: How do antidepressants help treat nerve pain?

Answer: There are several types of medication that help with nerve pain. Nerve pain specialists often recommend two major types. While they're not used as often today to treat depression, they can play an important role in controlling nerve pain symptoms. In general, these drugs have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Using antidepressants for nerve pain can have an added benefit, considering that chronic pain often coincides with depression.


Question: What do I need to know about the medications and treatments for nerve pain?

Answer: The good news is that doctors have a lot of effective ways to treat it. These include medicines, like prescription pain relievers or anticonvulsants and antidepressants, as well as electrical stimulation and other techniques. So if you have nerve pain, whether it's caused by cancer, HIV, shingles, or another condition, take hope. Here's a rundown of the prescription treatments that your doctor might recommend. Nerve pain can be hard to control.


Question: What are the tips on taking medications for nerve pain?

Answer: Before you start taking a new medicine, make sure your doctor knows about every other prescription drug, OTC medicine, supplement, and vitamin you use. Always follow your doctor's instructions for taking a new medicine. Never stop using a prescription medicine without talking to your doctor first. Don't ignore side effects. Some treatments for nerve pain work by sending out their own electrical impulses. Or they might be getting the right drugs at the wrong dose.


Question: When should mountain climbers be concerned about pulmonary edema?

Answer: Other causes include: A condition called ARDS, or acute respiratory distress syndrome Blood clots Exposure to ammonia, chlorine, or other toxins Inhaling smoke that contains certain chemicals Injury or trauma to the brain or nervous system Lung injury after removal of blood clots Near-drowning incidents Reaction to some drugs Viral infections Pulmonary edema also can be brought on from being in high altitudes, usually above 8,000 feet. Mountain climbers should get to lower ground and seek medical attention if they have: Chest discomfort Cough Cough with frothy spit that may have some blood in it Fast, irregular heartbeat Fever Headache Shortness of breath when they're active that gets worse over time Trouble walking uphill that leads to trouble walking on a flat surface To help the doctor find out what's going on, you may need to: Answer questions about your medical history Have a physical exam Get a chest X-ray so the doctor can study your heart and lungs Have heart tests to measure how well your heart beats Have a blood test to find out how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood If you're having trouble breathing, you'll get oxygen right away if your oxygen level is low.


Question: How is pulmonary edema treated?

Answer: Mountain climbers should get to lower ground and seek medical attention if they have: Chest discomfort Cough Cough with frothy spit that may have some blood in it Fast, irregular heartbeat Fever Headache Shortness of breath when they're active that gets worse over time Trouble walking uphill that leads to trouble walking on a flat surface To help the doctor find out what's going on, you may need to: Answer questions about your medical history Have a physical exam Get a chest X-ray so the doctor can study your heart and lungs Have heart tests to measure how well your heart beats Have a blood test to find out how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood If you're having trouble breathing, you'll get oxygen right away if your oxygen level is low. You may get it through a facemask, or with tubes put inside your nostrils. Your treatment will depend on what's causing your pulmonary edema. Whether it's your heart, medication, or an illness, your doctor will try to deal with the problem that brought it on. The doctor may prescribe medicine such as a diuretic to lower the pressure on your heart and lungs.


Question: What causes pulmonary edema?

Answer: You may: Be tired Gain weight rapidly (this may be a sign of fluid buildup and congestive heart failure) Have more breathing problems than usual during physical activity Have swollen legs and feet Have trouble breathing when lying down Wake up at night with a breathless feeling that gets better if you sit up Wheeze Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a problem with the heart. This is called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. In many cases, the left ventricle (one of the chambers of the heart) isn't able to pump out blood that enters through blood vessels coming from the lung. The poor pumping creates a buildup of pressure and fluid. Narrow arteries, heart muscle damage, heart valve problems, and high blood pressure are among the conditions that can weaken the left ventricle. Pulmonary edema isn't always related to heart problems.


Question: What are other causes of pulmonary edema?

Answer: Other causes include: A condition called ARDS, or acute respiratory distress syndrome Blood clots Exposure to ammonia, chlorine, or other toxins Inhaling smoke that contains certain chemicals Injury or trauma to the brain or nervous system Lung injury after removal of blood clots Near-drowning incidents Reaction to some drugs Viral infections Pulmonary edema also can be brought on from being in high altitudes, usually above 8,000 feet.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic pulmonary edema?

Answer: When the problem happens over time, it's called chronic pulmonary edema. You may: Be tired Gain weight rapidly (this may be a sign of fluid buildup and congestive heart failure) Have more breathing problems than usual during physical activity Have swollen legs and feet Have trouble breathing when lying down Wake up at night with a breathless feeling that gets better if you sit up Wheeze Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a problem with the heart.


Question: How is pulmonary edema diagnosed?

Answer: Mountain climbers should get to lower ground and seek medical attention if they have: Chest discomfort Cough Cough with frothy spit that may have some blood in it Fast, irregular heartbeat Fever Headache Shortness of breath when they're active that gets worse over time Trouble walking uphill that leads to trouble walking on a flat surface To help the doctor find out what's going on, you may need to: Answer questions about your medical history Have a physical exam Get a chest X-ray so the doctor can study your heart and lungs Have heart tests to measure how well your heart beats Have a blood test to find out how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood If you're having trouble breathing, you'll get oxygen right away if your oxygen level is low.


Question: What lifestyle changes can treat pulmonary edema?

Answer: He or she also may recommend some lifestyle changes to help keep the pulmonary edema in check, including: Eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains Eating less salt Getting regular exercise Quitting smoking if you smoke Losing weight if you have extra pounds


Question: What does it mean if you have pulmonary edema?

Answer: Normally when you take a breath, your lungs fill with air. If you have pulmonary edema, they fill with fluid instead. When that happens, oxygen from the air can't get from the lungs into the blood where it's needed. When it comes on suddenly it's called acute pulmonary edema, and can it be life threatening.


Question: When should you call 911 about pulmonary edema?

Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 right away: Sudden shortness of breath Trouble breathing with a lot of sweating Breathing that sounds bubbly or like wheezing or gasping Coughing up pink, frothy spit Skin that looks blue or gray Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, weak, or sweaty, which can signal a drop in blood pressure Don't delay. You need immediate medical care. When the problem happens over time, it's called chronic pulmonary edema.


Question: How do bones and teeth use calcium?

Answer: Calcium is probably best known for strengthening bones and teeth. In fact, most of the calcium in our bodies is stored in the bones and teeth. As bones undergo their regular process of breakdown and remodeling, calcium helps build new bone, especially during growth and development.


Question: What is the recommended daily dietary allowances for calcium in different age groups?

Answer: How much calcium you need depends on your age and gender. The recommended daily dietary allowances for calcium are: Age Male Female 1-3 years 700 mg 700 mg 4-8 years 1,000 mg 1,000 mg 9-13 years 1,300 mg 1,300 mg 14-18 years 1,300 mg 1,300 mg 19-50 years 1,000 mg 1,000 mg 51-70 years 1,000 mg 1,200 mg 71+ years 1,200 mg 1,200 mg Getting much more than the recommended amount of calcium from food and supplements increases the risk of side effects, so it's best to avoid taking too much.


Question: What do you need to avoid when you take calcium supplements?

Answer: Avoid eating these foods when you take your supplement, because they can interfere with calcium absorption: Caffeinated coffee and soda High-salt foods Before taking calcium supplements, you need to be aware of the side effects of high calcium intake, which include: Constipation Gas or bloating Risk of kidney stones Calcium can also decrease absorption of some medications, including osteoporosis medicines, thyroid medicines, and some antibiotics.


Question: How do steroid nasal sprays help relieve allergy?

Answer: With allergies, your nasal passages and sinuses get inflamed when you come in contact with things like pollen, animal dander, or dust mites. These sprays can make you start to feel better and are often the first treatment recommended by doctors. Nasal steroid sprays start working within a few hours but may take several days or weeks to take full effect. Make sure you use it every day.


Question: What are the odds of passing allergy to your child?

Answer: It's more likely. If one parent has allergies, the child has a 50% chance of having them. If both parents have allergies, the odds are higher.


Question: What will my doctor do to relieve my allergy?

Answer: First she'll figure out what you're allergic to. She'll examine you and ask for your medical history and your family's allergy history. Then she may do a series of skin or blood tests to see what you have a reaction to. That'll help decide which treatment you should take. Or she may suggest a medicine that can help no matter what you're allergic to. They can often help with reactions to pollen, dust, perfumes, plants, or animal dander.


Question: What can your prostate-specific antigen levels show?

Answer: If you choose a watchful waiting approach to treatment, your PSA level can tell your doctor if the disease is progressing. If so, you'll need to think about active treatment. During hormone therapy, the PSA level can show how well the treatment is working and when it's time to try another treatment.


Question: What is a urine PCA3 test?

Answer: This urine test looks for a mix of genes that shows up in 50% of PSA-tested men with prostate cancer. It's another tool to decide if you need a biopsy.


Question: Are there alternatives to prostate-specific antigen testing?

Answer: Newer PSA tests may help the doctor decide if you need a biopsy. But know that doctors don't always agree on how to use or understand the results of these tests.


Question: What can affect your prostate-specific antigen levels?

Answer: Other things can affect your PSA level: Age. Your PSA will normally go up slowly as you get older, even if you have no prostate problems. Medications . Some drugs may affect blood PSA levels. Tell your doctor if you're taking dutasteride ( Avodart) or finasteride ( Propecia or Proscar). These drugs may falsely lower PSA levels by half of what they should be.


Question: What is a prostate-specific antigen velocity test?

Answer: The PSA velocity isn't a separate test. Instead, it's a measure of the change in your PSA levels over time. Even when the total PSA value isn't higher than 4, a high PSA velocity (a rise of more than 0.75 ng/m L in 1 year) means you might have cancer and should consider a biopsy.


Question: When should you have your prostate-specific antigen levels tested?

Answer: Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) is something made by the prostate gland. The first thing to do is talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening before you decide whether to be tested. The American Cancer Society says to get tested at age: 40 or 45 if you're at high risk 50 if you're at average risk The American Urological Association suggests: Under 40: No screening 40 to 54: No screening if you're at average risk. 55 to 69: Screening if your doctor suggests Over 70 or less than a 10-15 year life expectancy: No screening The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force says: 55 to 69: Men with prostate cancer risks may need testing.


Question: What should you know about the prostate-specific antigen blood test?

Answer: There's no such thing as a normal PSA for any man at any given age, but most men with prostate cancer have a higher than normal level. If your PSA level is high, your doctor may suggest that you get a prostate biopsy to test for cancer. The amount of free PSA is lower in men with prostate cancer. Instead, it's a measure of the change in your PSA levels over time. There are reasons doctors don't agree on whether you need this test: Finding prostate cancer early doesn't always protect you.


Question: What prostate-specific antigen level is a concern for prostate cancer?

Answer: There's no such thing as a normal PSA for any man at any given age, but most men with prostate cancer have a higher than normal level. In general: Safe: 0 to 2.5 ng/m L Safe for most: 2.6 to 4 ng/m L. Talk with your doctor about other risk factors Suspicious: 4 to 10 ng/m L. There's a 25% chance you have prostate cancer. There's a 50% chance you have prostate cancer. If your PSA results are in the borderline range (4 to 10), a low percent-free PSA (less than 10%) means there's about a 50% chance you have prostate cancer.


Question: When should you go to your doctor about vision problems?

Answer: A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes


Question: When should you call your doctor about vision problems?

Answer: Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency.


Question: What are the symptoms of strabismus?

Answer: Symptoms include: Hazy vision that might be worse in bright light Weaker vision at night, particularly when driving; trouble seeing movement, details, or objects (especially street signs) Blinding or uncomfortable glare from automobile headlights or bright sunlight A need for brighter light for reading Colors look faded or yellow Double or triple vision (images overlap) in one eye only A normally dark pupil looks milky white or opaque (advanced cases) Painful inflammation and pressure within the eye (very advanced case) Strabismus: Your eyes don't move together as they should. Both eyes or just one could be crossed inward or outward. A child who has it may rub one or both eyes often. She could also squint, tilt her head, or close one eye to see things better.


Question: What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?

Answer: Macular degeneration : Dim or wavy vision, especially when you read. Straight lines often look crooked. Gradual, painless loss of precise central vision. Blank spots in your central field of vision.


Question: What are the symptoms of acute glaucoma?

Answer: Acute glaucoma: A sudden onset of severe throbbing eye pain, headaches, blurred vision, rainbow halos around lights, red eyes, nausea, and vomiting. It's a medical emergency.


Question: When should I go to the doctor for vision problems?

Answer: A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes


Question: What are the symptoms of night blindness?

Answer: Night blindness : It's hard to see objects in dim light.


Question: When should I call the doctor about vision problems?

Answer: Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency.


Question: What are the symptoms of color blindness?

Answer: Color blindness : You have trouble with shades or intensity of colors. Because it's all about perception, you may not know there's a problem until the doctor finds it. This genetic condition mainly affects men.


Question: What is the first symptom of cataracts?

Answer: Cataracts : Because they develop slowly, your first symptom may be trouble with the vision test for your driver's license renewal. Or your doctor could spot it during a routine eye exam.


Question: What are the symptoms of farsightedness?

Answer: Farsightedness : Blurry vision when you look at close up objects. Near and far objects may both look fuzzy. The doctor will say you have hyperopia.


Question: What are the symptoms of congenital glaucoma?

Answer: Congenital glaucoma: This type affects infants. You'll notice teary or cloudy eyes, unusual sensitivity to light, and enlarged corneas. It can affect one or both eyes.


Question: What can make acne worse?

Answer: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids.


Question: What are the forms of acne?

Answer: Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), for example, Differin, Retin- A, Tazorac, treat blackheads and whiteheads, the first lesions of acne.


Question: How can acne be prevented?

Answer: To prevent acne and reduce its damage to your skin, follow these tips. Choose a cleanser specially formulated for acne. These products often contain salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide, which help to clear acne sores. Clean your face gently, as trauma to the acne breakouts may worsen the acne or cause scarring. When washing your face, use your hands or cotton pads, as any terrycloth or other scrubbing material may cause acne sores to rupture. If you need to use a moisturizer, use only light, noncomedogenic moisturizers, which do not aggravate acne. If you are a woman, use an oil-free foundation. Heavy makeup or other cosmetic products that block pores may cause a flare-up of acne.


Question: Can antibiotics help acne?

Answer: Antibiotics , either topically applied to the skin (clindamycin, erythromycin), or taken orally (tetracycline and its derivatives, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) control surface bacteria and reduce inflammation in the skin. Antibiotics are more effective when combined with benzoyl peroxide or retinoids.


Question: Are there drugs that can help acne?

Answer: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids. Most people require at least one or two agents, depending on the severity of their acne.


Question: What is benzoyl peroxide?

Answer: Irritation (dryness) is a common side effect. While most are prescription only, there is an over-the-counter version of Differin now available.


Question: What are retinoids?

Answer: Acne lesions include whiteheads, blackheads, small bumps, and nodules and cysts. The most common side effect is irritation. While most are prescription only, there is an over-the-counter version of Differin now available.


Question: What is acne and how severe can it be?

Answer: Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Acne lesions include whiteheads, blackheads, small bumps, and nodules and cysts. The most common side effect is irritation.


Question: Can hormone therapy help acne?

Answer: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids. The hormone therapy consists of low-dose estrogen and progesterone (birth control pills) or anti-androgen medications (spironolactone).