Question: How effective is ginseng?

Answer: Some studies have found that ginseng may boost the immune system. There is some evidence that one particular type of American ginseng extract might decrease the number and severity of colds in adults. Several studies in people have also shown that ginseng may lower blood sugar levels. There is some early evidence that ginseng might temporarily -- and modestly -- improve concentration and learning. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo. While these studies are intriguing, many experts feel that we need more evidence. Ginseng has also been studied as a way to improve mood and boost endurance as well as treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, and other conditions. While some of these uses are promising, the evidence isn't conclusive.


Question: How common is ginseng?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Different varieties of ginseng root have been used as treatments in Asia and North America for centuries. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world.


Question: How can I take ginseng safely without side effects?

Answer: Side effects from ginseng are generally mild. After a break -- or âholidayâ -- your doctor might recommend that you begin taking it again for another few weeks or months.


Question: How much ginseng should I take?

Answer: Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Always buy ginseng from a well-respected company. Because it's an expensive root, there is a risk that disreputable manufacturers might sell adulterated ginseng or include less than advertised on the bottle. There have also been some reports of allergic reactions to ginseng.


Question: What are the side effects of taking ginseng?

Answer: Ginseng has also been studied as a way to improve mood and boost endurance as well as treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, and other conditions. Standard doses of ginseng have not been established for any condition. Since ginseng can act as a stimulant in some people. To avoid side effects from ginseng, some experts suggest that ginseng shouldn't be used for more than three months -- or sometimes just a few weeks -- at a time. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, ginseng is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: Can ginseng cause adverse drug interactions?

Answer: Several studies in people have also shown that ginseng may lower blood sugar levels. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo. Do not take ginseng without consulting your doctor if you take any medications. Caffeine may amplify ginseng's stimulant effects.


Question: What is ginseng?

Answer: However, its benefits for most of them haven't been seriously researched. There are two main types of ginseng: Asian or Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng) and American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius). Studies have found that the different types have different benefits. In traditional Chinese medicine, American ginseng is considered less stimulating than the Asian variety. Although many other herbs are called ginseng -- like eleuthero, or Siberian ginseng -- they do not contain the active ingredient of ginsenosides. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo.


Question: What are the disadvantages of deep brain stimulation (DBS)?

Answer: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation.


Question: How effective is deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment for essential tremor?

Answer: Deep brain stimulation provides moderate relief for approximately 90% of patients with essential tremor.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation (DBS) work for treating essential tremor?

Answer: To treat essential tremor with deep brain stimulation, electrodes are placed in the thalamus during surgery. The electrodes are connected by wires to a type of pacemaker device (called an impulse generator, or IPG) implanted under the skin of the chest, below the collarbone. Once activated, the device sends continuous (painless) electrical pulses to the thalamus, blocking the impulses that cause tremors.


Question: How should I care for the surgical area of deep brain stimulation (DBS) once I get home?

Answer: Your stitches or staples will be removed seven to 10 days after surgery. Each of the four pin sites should be kept covered with band-aids until they are dry. These should be changed every day as necessary. You will be able to wash your head with a damp cloth, avoiding the surgical area. You may shampoo your hair the day after your stitches or staples are removed, but only very gently. You should not scratch or irritate the wound areas.


Question: When will I be able to go home after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?

Answer: The average hospital stay for deep brain stimulation surgery is two to three days.


Question: Why will you need to stay awake during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?

Answer: You will remain awake but in a type of "twilight" zone during most of deep brain stimulation surgery. This allows the surgical team to interact with you when testing the effects of the stimulation. Small amounts of local anesthetic (pain-relieving medication) are given in sensitive areas. The vast majority of people experience minimal discomfort during the procedure.


Question: What should you do before you consider deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor?

Answer: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation. These issues should be discussed with a movement disorders expert or a specially trained neurologist. Before considering DBS, you should exhaust all medication options. Surgery is not recommended if medications can adequately control the disease.


Question: What is deep brain stimulation (DBS)?

Answer: Deep brain stimulation ( DBS) is used to treat a number of movement disorders, including Essential Tremor. DBS is a way to inactivate the thalamus, a structure deep in the brain that coordinates and controls muscle activity. The true cause of essential tremor is still not understood, but it is thought that the abnormal brain activity that causes tremor is processed through the thalamus.


Question: What activities are restricted after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?

Answer: You should not engage in light activities for two weeks after deep brain stimulation surgery. This includes housework and sexual activity. You should not engage in heavy activities for four to six weeks after surgery. This includes jogging, swimming, or any other aerobic activity. You should not lift more than five pounds for at least two weeks. Depending on the type of work you do, you may return to work within four to six weeks.


Question: What are the risks of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?

Answer: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation. Be sure to discuss these with your doctor and ask questions before surgery.


Question: What causes gastroenteritis?

Answer: There are many ways gastroenteritis can be spread: Contact with someone who has the virus Contaminated food or water Unwashed hands after going to the bathroom or changing a diaper The most common cause of gastroenteritis is a virus. Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. The main types are rotavirus and norovirus.


Question: What are symptoms of gastroenteritis?

Answer: You might also have stomach pain, cramping, fever, nausea, and a headache. Because of diarrhea and vomiting, you also can become dehydrated. Watch for signs of dehydration, such as dry skin and a dry mouth, feeling lightheaded, and being really thirsty. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices.


Question: Can bacteria cause the stomach flu?

Answer: Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices. Salmonella can also be spread through pet reptiles or live poultry. Another bacteria, shigella, is often passed around in day care centers. It typically is spread from person to person, and common sources of infection are contaminated food and drinking water.


Question: How long does chemotherapy drug treatment for rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases last?

Answer: Although there are some differences among the drugs and how they are used to treat certain rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases, these drugs usually produce benefits gradually, requiring weeks to months for full effectiveness. Generally, if there is no benefit within four months, it is unlikely that continuing the chemotherapy drug at the same dose will be helpful. Methotrexate and Imuran can be used for prolonged periods (many years) if necessary, as long as they do not cause serious side effects. Cytoxan is generally used for more limited periods because of its greater side effects. However, in certain cases more prolonged use may be necessary.


Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat arthritis different from chemotherapy used to treat cancer?

Answer: In cancer treatment, chemotherapy refers to particular class of drugs used to kill or slow the reproduction of rapidly multiplying cells. In rheumatology, chemotherapy is designed to decrease the abnormal behavior of cells, rather than kill cells. The doses of medication used for rheumatic or autoimmune conditions are generally lower than the doses used for cancer treatment.


Question: How can I cut the chance of having side effects from chemotherapy drugs used to treat my arthritis?

Answer: The occurrence of side effects depends on the dose, type of drug, and length of treatment. It is very important to have the appropriate follow-up exams and lab testing while taking chemotherapy drugs.


Question: How does chemotherapy treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases?

Answer: In many rheumatic diseases, inflammation causes damage to parts of the body; for example - causing painful joints as in rheumatoid arthritis. In many cases, inflammation results from autoimmunity, a malfunction of the immune system where one's own tissues or organs are not recognized as such and are attacked by the body's immune system. Chemotherapy helps people with certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases because it slows cell reproduction and decreases certain products made by these cells that cause an inflammatory response to occur.


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat rheumatic diseases?

Answer: These include: Methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall). Methotrexate is the chemotherapeutic drug most widely used by rheumatologists because it is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and certain other rheumatic diseases (such as certain forms of vasculitis, or inflammation of blood vessels), and it is relatively safe. Usually taken in a single or twice daily dose by mouth, Imuran also is used to suppress the abnormal immune response in some patients with vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), and rheumatoid arthritis. Cytoxan is a more powerful drug and has more side effects than methotrexate and Imuran. It is usually given intravenously to treat the most aggressive and dangerous rheumatic diseases and their complications, such as severe lupus and some forms of vasculitis.


Question: How common is it for children with ADHD to also have a mood disorder, such as depression?

Answer: Up to 30% of children who have ADHD also have a serious mood disorder like depression. And some experts say that more than half of people who have the condition will get treatment for depression at some point in their lives.


Question: How can psychotherapy help to treat ADHD and depression?

Answer: Psychotherapy can offer ways to manage your symptoms and live a healthy life. A therapist can give you strategies to deal with everyday challenges, such as issues with friends, family, work, or school.


Question: How is epididymitis treated?

Answer: Treatment for epididymitis includes antibiotics (drugs that kill the bacteria causing the infection), bed rest, ice to reduce swelling, the use of a scrotal supporter, and anti-inflammatory medicines ( NSAIDS such as ibuprofen). Partners will need to be treated if the epididymitis is due to a sexually transmitted infection to prevent re-infection.


Question: What is epididymitis?

Answer: Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is the coiled tube that lies on and around each testicle. It functions in the transport, storage, and maturation of sperm cells that are produced in the testicles. The epididymis connects the testicles with the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm).


Question: What problems are associated with hypogonadism?

Answer: When it occurs in adult men, hypogonadism may cause the following problems: Erectile dysfunction (the inability to achieve or maintain an erection) Infertility Decreased sex drive Decrease in beard and growth of body hair Decrease in size or firmness of the testicles Decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat Lose of bone mass (osteoporosis) Enlarged male breast tissue Mental and emotional symptoms similar to those of menopause in women (hot flashes, mood swings, irritability, depression, fatigue) There are various causes of hypogonadism, including: Klinefelter's syndrome.


Question: How successful is testicular cancer treatment?

Answer: The success of testicular cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease when it is first detected and treated. If the cancer is found and treated before it spreads to the lymph nodes, the cure rate is very high, greater than 98%. Even after testicular cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, treatment is highly effective, with a cure rate greater than 90%.


Question: What treatments are available for testicular cancer?

Answer: Surgery is the most common treatment for testicular cancer. Surgical treatment involves removing one or both testicles through an incision in the groin. In some cases, the doctor also may remove some of the lymph nodes in the abdomen. Radiation, which uses high-energy rays to attack cancer, and chemotherapy, which uses drugs to kill cancer, are other treatment options. Removing the one testicle should not lead to problems with having sex or children. The remaining testicle will continue making sperm and the male hormone testosterone. To re-establish a normal appearance, a man may be able to have a testicular prosthesis surgically implanted in the scrotum which looks and feels like a normal testicle.


Question: What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?

Answer: Symptoms of testicular cancer include a lump, irregularity or enlargement in either testicle; a pulling sensation or feeling of unusual heaviness in the scrotum; a dull ache in the groin or lower abdomen; and pain or discomfort (which may come and go) in a testicle or the scrotum.


Question: What is testicular trauma?

Answer: Because the testicles are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. This makes it easier for the testicles to be struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, which occurs most often during contact sports. Males can protect their testicles by wearing athletic cups during sports. Trauma to the testicles can cause severe pain, bruising, and/or swelling. In most cases, the testes -- which are made of a spongy material -- can absorb the shock of an injury without serious damage. A rare type of testicular trauma, called testicular rupture, occurs when the testicle receives a direct blow or is squeezed against the hard bones of the pelvis. This injury can cause blood to leak into the scrotum. In severe cases, surgery to repair the rupture -- and thus save the testicle -- may be necessary.


Question: What is testicular cancer?

Answer: Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the testicles divide and grow uncontrolled. In some cases, certain benign (non-cancerous) tumors may progress and become cancer. Testicular cancer can develop in one or both testicles in men or young boys.


Question: What disorders affect the testicles?

Answer: Some of the more common conditions that affect the testicles include testicular trauma, testicular torsion, testicular cancer, epididymitis, and hypogonadism.


Question: What is hypogonadism?

Answer: Hypogonadism in men is a condition that occurs when the testicles (also called gonads) do not produce enough testosterone. Primary hypogonadism occurs when there is a problem or abnormality in the testicles themselves. Secondary hypogonadism occurs when there is a problem with the pituitary gland in the brain, which sends chemical messages to the testicles to produce testosterone. Hypogonadism can occur during fetal development, at puberty, or in adult men.


Question: What is testicular torsion?

Answer: Because the testicles are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. Sometimes, this cord gets twisted around a testicle, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden and severe pain, enlargement of the affected testicle, tenderness, and swelling. This condition, which occurs most often in men under the age of 25, can result from an injury to the testicles or from strenuous activity. It also can occur for no apparent reason.


Question: What causes testicular cancer?

Answer: The risk factors for cancer of the testicles include: Age. Testicular cancer can occur at any age, but most often occurs in men between the ages of 15 and 40. Undescended testicle. Family history. Race and ethnicity. The risk for testicular cancer in white men is more than five times that of black men and more than double that of Asian- American men.


Question: How do people get vitamin D?

Answer: Unlike calcium, which you only get through food, your body makes vitamin D when sunlight hits your skin. Active people who live in sunny regions can get at least some of what they need from spending time outdoors every day. But in less temperate areas such as Minnesota, Michigan, and New York, the skin makes less vitamin D in the winter months, especially for older adults. If you're not getting enough from sunlight and food, you may need to take a supplement. You can get vitamin D in multivitamins and also in combination with a calcium supplement, as well as on its own.


Question: How can you ease geographic tongue symptoms?

Answer: These are examples of what your doctor or dentist may prescribe: Over-the-counter pain relievers Anti-inflammatories Mouth rinses with anesthetic Corticosteroids applied directly on the tongue Zinc supplements If you're wondering about steps you can take to hasten the relief of symptoms, try limiting these substances or avoid them altogether: Tobacco Hot, spicy, or acidic foods or dried, salty nuts Toothpaste with additives, whitening agents, or heavy flavoring (toothpaste for sensitive teeth is a better choice)


Question: What is geographic tongue?

Answer: Two other names for geographic tongue are benign migratory glossitis and erythema migrans. Affecting about 1% to 3% of people, geographic tongue can show up at any age. However, it tends to affect middle-aged or older adults more often. It appears to be more common in women than in men. In fissured tongue, cracks and grooves appear on the tops and sides of the tongue.


Question: Can geographic tongue make your tongue sensitive?

Answer: This is often from sensitivity to substances such as: Hot, spicy, or acidic foods Cigarette smoke Toothpaste Geographic tongue occurs when parts of the tongue are missing layers of small bumps called papillae. Geographic tongue has also been seen more frequently in people with psoriasis and in those with fissured tongue.


Question: What happens before heartburn surgery?

Answer: Surgery may also be an option when you have: Severe inflammation of your esophagus, the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach A narrowing of your esophagus that's not caused by cancer Barrett's esophagus, a change in the cells because of acid reflux Before surgery, you'll probably get tests to check how well the muscles in your esophagus work, including esophageal manometry and esophageal motility studies. Because you're taking a risk with any operation, you should consider surgery for acid reflux or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) only after other treatments don't work, and when there's a good chance the operation will turn out well.


Question: What should you know about heartburn surgery?

Answer: Surgery may also be an option when you have: Severe inflammation of your esophagus, the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach A narrowing of your esophagus that's not caused by cancer Barrett's esophagus, a change in the cells because of acid reflux Before surgery, you'll probably get tests to check how well the muscles in your esophagus work, including esophageal manometry and esophageal motility studies. Because you're taking a risk with any operation, you should consider surgery for acid reflux or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) only after other treatments don't work, and when there's a good chance the operation will turn out well. The main surgery for stubborn heartburn is called fundoplication.


Question: How is heartburn surgery done?

Answer: The main surgery for stubborn heartburn is called fundoplication. The surgeon can either directly touch the parts of your body they're working on (open fundoplication), or they can use special tools, including a thin tube with a light and camera called a laparoscope, to operate on you from the outside. With the LINX procedure, your doctor uses a laparoscope to put a ring of titanium beads around the outside of your lower esophagus. This strengthens the valve between the esophagus and stomach. Food and liquids can still pass through. With a set of small tools at the tip of an endoscope, he can tightly bind the end of the esophagus to the top of the stomach.


Question: What should you expect after heartburn surgery?

Answer: The most common reason for surgery is heartburn that doesn't go away with medications and lifestyle changes. But surgery won't get rid of all your symptoms. You may need to keep taking medication. About 1 in 10 people will need to have surgery again. You might: Have a hard time swallowing after the surgery Feel bloated often, called gas bloat syndrome Get an infection where you were cut You should talk to your doctor about the pros and cons in your situation to decide whether surgery is a good choice for you.


Question: How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Monoclonal antibodies: Made in a lab, these molecules target specific signs, called antigens, that are found on tumors. Examples used to treat lung cancer are bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza).


Question: How does image-guided radiation therapy help with lung cancer detection?

Answer: Machines with built-in imaging scanners make it possible for your doctor to give radiation more precisely. He can take pictures of your lung and then adjust his aim right before giving you the radiation. It's a way to zero in on your cancer. It may also bring fewer side effects.


Question: How effective is low-dose computed tomography scan in preventing lung cancer deaths?

Answer: Research shows that people who got LDCT had their risk of dying from the disease drop by 16% against those who got chest X-rays. The test is recommended for 55 to 74 year olds who've smoked one or more packs of cigarettes a day for at least 30 years and are still smoking or have quite in the past 15 years.


Question: What are targeted treatments for lung cancer?

Answer: Scientists have learned that people with specific genetic combinations may benefit from targeted therapies like EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) blockers. afatinib ( Gilotrif), erlotinib ( Tarceva), gefitinib ( Iressa), necitumumab ( Portrazza) and Osimertinib ( Tagrisso) block a signal that tells cells to grow. The drugs alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), certinib ( Zykadia), and crizotinib ( Xalkori) have been found to help treat certain cancers with a change in the ALK gene. Some of these drugs are also used to treat tumors with an ROS1 gene change. Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) and Trametinib ( Mekinist) target certain proteins in tumors that have changes in the BRAF gene.


Question: How much time and radiation is involved in a low-dose computed tomography scan?

Answer: It takes about 15 minutes and gives you about the same amount of radiation as a mammogram.


Question: How are checkpoint inhibitors used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: There are a couple of different types: Checkpoint inhibitors: Part of your immune system's job is to not attack normal cells in the body. To do this it uses so-called âcheckpoints,â molecules that must be turned on or off to trigger an immune response. Cancer cells sometimes use these checkpoints to avoid being targeted by your immune system. But four new drugs -- atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) -- target these checkpoints and basically take the brakes off your immune system so that it can mount a better attack.


Question: Is there a way to screen people at high risk for lung cancer?

Answer: There are surgical advances, improvements in radiation, and new drugs that target specific traits of the cancer and stimulate your immune system to fight the disease. One of the things that makes lung cancer dangerous is the fact that symptoms don't usually appear until the disease is at a late stage. Doctors can now check for lung cancer in people at high risk for it using what's known as a low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT) scan.


Question: How does video-assisted thoracic surgery help with lung cancer detection?

Answer: Doctors can treat some small lung tumors using this operation. Your surgeon removes parts of your lung through smaller incisions. This makes the procedure less painful. It also can make your recovery faster. A newer approach to VATS is known as ârobotic-assisted surgery.â Your surgeon sits at a control panel inside the operating room to maneuver long surgical instruments using robotic arms.


Question: Are there any new treatments for lung cancer?

Answer: There are surgical advances, improvements in radiation, and new drugs that target specific traits of the cancer and stimulate your immune system to fight the disease.


Question: What happens after surgery for thyroid cancer?

Answer: Thyroid surgery usually takes place without problems. You will have pain in the neck area, but medicine will help. You may also have a hoarse voice or sore throat for a few days. There may be a drain from the site of the incision. It helps with healing and will later be removed. You'll either stay overnight at the hospital, or go home the day of the surgery. Again, it depends on what type of operation you have and well you do. You'll get instructions about how to take care of yourself after the operation, and when to see your doctor for follow-up. Other cancer treatments may begin soon after the operation.


Question: What happens before surgery for thyroid cancer?

Answer: Before surgery, you'll have lab and imaging tests. They help the doctor know as much as possible about the cancer. You may have other exams or tests to check your overall health. You'll be given instructions about what to eat and drink, and what medicines to take the day before your operation.


Question: What happens during surgery for thyroid cancer?

Answer: You'll probably have general anesthesia during your surgery. This means you will sleep through the whole thing. The doctor may make one or more incisions (cuts) in your neck, but that will depend on which type of surgery you have.


Question: What kind of surgeries are there for thyroid cancer?

Answer: A thyroidectomy is when all or part of the thyroid gland is removed. A lobectomy is when one of the two lobes of your thyroid is removed. If the cancer has spread, lymph nodes in the neck area may be taken out, as well. Tissue around the thyroid gland may also be removed, depending on the size and location of the tumor.


Question: How can cutting back on caffeine improve your mood?

Answer: It's a stimulant, which means it can make you anxious and keep you up at night. So limit how much soda, coffee, tea, and chocolate you have.


Question: How can avoiding alcohol and illegal drugs improve your mood?

Answer: They can cause depression and affect how well antidepressants or other medicines for mood work. Also, many people who are depressed battle substance abuse, too. If you think you have a problem, you need to get help. Addiction can keep you from recovering from your depression.


Question: How can foods with omega-3 fatty acids improve your mood?

Answer: Some research has shown that these fats can help with mood, but experts need to do more studies to know for sure. Some fish, walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and other foods have omega-3s, as do some supplements. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about how much of them you should get every day.


Question: Does depression affect your appetite?

Answer: Depression or its treatment can sometimes affect how hungry you feel. That can mean weight gain or loss. If you've noticed a change in your appetite, your doctor can help you get back on track.


Question: What is the outlook for cystic fibrosis?

Answer: Although CF is a severe condition that needs daily care, there are many ways to treat it, and there's been a great improvement in those treatments over the years. People who have CF now can expect to live a much longer life than those who had it in the past.


Question: Which parts of the body does cystic fibrosis affect?

Answer: The lungs aren't the only part of your body CF damages. Cystic fibrosis also affects the following organs: Pancreas. This stops proteins that break down your food, called digestive enzymes, from reaching your intestine. As a result, your body has a hard time getting the nutrients it needs. Over time, this can also lead to diabetes. Liver. Because it can be hard to break down high-acid foods that come from your stomach, the lining of the small intestine can wear away. Large intestine. This can lead to blockages. In some cases, your intestine may also start to fold in on itself like an accordion, a condition called intussusception. Bladder. This means that you leak a little pee when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or lift something. Though it's more common in women, men can have it, too. Kidneys. These small, hard globs of minerals can cause nausea, vomiting, and pain. If you don't treat them, you could get a kidney infection. Reproductive organs. Women with CF have very thick cervical mucus, which can make it harder for a sperm to fertilize an egg. Other parts of the body. Because it upsets the balance of minerals in your blood, it can also cause low blood pressure, fatigue, a fast heart rate, and a general feeling of weakness.


Question: What are some tips for healthy eating if you have ulcerative colitis and are pregnant?

Answer: Pregnant or not, it makes sense when you have ulcerative colitis to avoid greasy, fried, high-sugar, and spicy foods. Stay away from nuts, popcorn, and corn, because they can make swelling worse. Make sure you drink plenty of water, since diarrhea can cause dehydration. Sometimes, five or six small meals a day are easier to handle than three big ones. This habit also helps when you get nausea and heartburn because of your pregnancy.


Question: What are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids to eat when pregnant with ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: If you need to be lactose-free, try: Lactose-free milk or calcium-fortified soy milk Lactase pills or drops, which help you digest lactose Fish is a great way to get omega-3 fatty acids, which help build your baby's brain and eyes. They may also cut down on UC symptoms and prevent flares. Some seafood is high in mercury. But when you're pregnant, you can eat other fish by following these guidelines: Have up to 12 ounces a week of low-mercury fish such as shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, and catfish. Don't eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish. They tend to be higher in mercury. Limit albacore tuna to 6 ounces a week.


Question: How much weight should you gain during pregnancy if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: If you're at a healthy weight, you should have put on 25 to 35 pounds by the end of your pregnancy. If you're underweight to start, you should aim to gain 28 to 40 pounds.


Question: What foods are good calcium sources if you're pregnant and have ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Some options include: Yogurt or hard cheeses, which might be easier to digest Juices and other drinks, cereals, and breads with added calcium Tofu, soybeans, black-eyed peas, or canned fish with bones you can eat (such as sardines or salmon) Drinking milk with a meal, or adding it to cereal to make it easier on your system.


Question: Can you have lactose intolerance and ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Look for one who specializes in working with people who have long-term illnesses. Some people can't digest lactose, which is the sugar in milk. If you need to be lactose-free, try: Lactose-free milk or calcium-fortified soy milk Lactase pills or drops, which help you digest lactose Fish is a great way to get omega-3 fatty acids, which help build your baby's brain and eyes. If you're underweight to start, you should aim to gain 28 to 40 pounds.


Question: Who should you talk to for help about eating right for a healthy pregnancy if you have ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Look for one who specializes in working with people who have long-term illnesses. If you need help, talk to a dietitian about healthy food choices.


Question: How can traditional Chinese medicine help treat shingles?

Answer: They generally try to restore balance in your body. Some of these techniques include: Moxibustion: It's a type of heat therapy often done along with acupuncture. It uses moxa, which is typically made from the dried leaves of an herb called Chinese mugwort. During treatment, a practitioner burns the herb close to your skin. It is supposed to open up your pores to flush out toxins. During a session, a therapist heats air inside a cup made from glass, bamboo, or horn. Some research shows that cupping, especially along with other treatments such as acupuncture and light therapy, can ease shingles pain. Acupuncture: This ancient practice uses very thin needles to balance your qi. People get it to ease or stop pain from any number of causes, and it may help with shingles.


Question: What type of doctor may I need to see to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Its symptoms can seem vague, and they're also signs of many other problems that aren't as serious. Your doctor will most likely try to rule out other causes of your symptoms first. You may need to see a heart specialist, called a cardiologist, or a lung specialist, called a pulmonologist. Or your doctor may send you to a center that specializes in diagnosing and treating PAH. An open-lung biopsy is a type of surgery in which a small sample of tissue is removed from your lungs under general anesthesia to check for a possible secondary cause of pulmonary hypertension.


Question: How do young children get the flu shot?

Answer: The first time a child younger than 9 gets a flu vaccine, she'll need two doses at least a month apart. Kids usually get the shot in the leg or arm.


Question: What other problems can the flu cause in children?

Answer: In children, these include: Congestion Sore throat Cough Fever -- as high as 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit Chills Headache Muscle and body aches Vomiting and nausea The flu itself isn't the only problem. If it weakens your child's immune system, she also could get a bacterial infection on top of it. Young children are at higher risk of problems from the flu, which include: Pneumonia Bronchitis Sinusitis Ear infection A flu shot is the best way to protect kids from the flu and problems that come along with it.


Question: Can the flu shot cause the flu in children?

Answer: The vaccine your child gets in a shot is made from dead influenza virus, whereas the spray is made from a live strain. Neither cause the flu.


Question: What are serious side effects or signs of an allergic reaction to the flu shot in children?

Answer: More serious side effects are rare, but your child could be allergic to the shot. Signs of allergic reaction to a flu vaccine include: Trouble breathing Hives Paleness Weakness Fast heartbeat Dizziness Vomiting If you see any of these signs, get emergency help.


Question: Is it safe for my child to get a flu vaccine?

Answer: Flu vaccines for children may not be safe for everyone. You may not like the idea of your child getting yet another shot, but you have to weigh the very small chance of a side effect with the much more serious risks of actually getting the flu. It's always better to prevent an illness than to treat it.


Question: Does the flu shot cause side effects in children?

Answer: They include: Redness or soreness in the body part that got the shot Low-grade fever Aches The vaccine can't give your child the flu. They exist, but supplies are limited. If your child is older than 2, she can get the nasal spray vaccine, which doesn't have it.


Question: What are symptoms of the flu in children?

Answer: Symptoms are pretty much the same no matter what the flu type. In children, these include: Congestion Sore throat Cough Fever -- as high as 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit Chills Headache Muscle and body aches Vomiting and nausea The flu itself isn't the only problem. Neither cause the flu. Each year, the illness shifts a little bit, so a new vaccine has to be prepared that contains the most common strains for that particular year.


Question: How does the flu shot work in children?

Answer: If it weakens your child's immune system, she also could get a bacterial infection on top of it. If she gets infected with the real flu later, her body will be ready to defend itself. If all goes well, her system will fight off the virus and future flus may not be as severe or last as long.


Question: How long does the flu vaccine work for children?

Answer: There are two types of vaccines: one is given as a shot and the other as a spray that your child breathes in. Vaccines don't always prevent the flu. Each year, the illness shifts a little bit, so a new vaccine has to be prepared that contains the most common strains for that particular year.


Question: What is gastric "sleeve" surgery?

Answer: Gastric â Sleeveâ Surgery In this operation, your surgeon will take out most of your stomach and shape your remaining stomach into a tube, or âsleeveâ shape. It will remain attached to your small intestine. After the surgery, your stomach will be able to hold only about 2-3 ounces of food. You'll feel full sooner because your stomach is smaller. You also won't be as hungry because most of the tissue that makes the "hunger hormone," called ghrelin, will be gone. This procedure is permanent. You cannot get it reversed.


Question: What can cause high iron levels?

Answer: A high iron level can be caused by: Taking too many iron supplements Hemochromatosis -- a condition that makes it harder for your body to remove excess iron Blood transfusions Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your test results. Find out what steps to take to treat your condition.


Question: What is an iron blood test?

Answer: It can check for conditions like anemia, or iron overload (excess iron). Your doctor might order a test if you have symptoms of either condition. The lab results will show whether iron levels in your blood are too high or too low.


Question: What are the types of iron blood tests?

Answer: Serum iron. This test measures the amount of iron in your blood. Serum ferritin. This test measures how much iron is stored in your body. Unsaturated iron-binding capacity ( UIBC). This test measures how much transferrin isn't attached to iron. Transferrin saturation. This test measures the percentage of transferrin that is attached to iron. If your iron level is too low, you could have anemia.


Question: How can styling yourself help with psoriasis?

Answer: And there are steps you can take to mask problem areas.


Question: Which makeup can you use if you have psoriasis?

Answer: There are makeups made to hide skin issues like psoriasis. Talk to your doctor about a good product for you. You'll want to consider thickness. You'll need a thicker makeup for larger patches that are harder to hide. Look for a color that closely matches the skin tone of the skin surrounding your psoriasis. Gently blend a small amount of the makeup over the area you want to cover. Follow with a dusting of loose powder to make it last longer. You can even use hairspray to help make it set.


Question: How should you remove your makeup if you have psoriasis?

Answer: You don't want to irritate your sensitive skin. You'll need a gentle makeup remover. Something with a petroleum base works well. And make sure to moisturize when you're done.


Question: How can priming help with psoriasis?

Answer: These products help prepare your face for the makeup to follow. They don't sink into your skin but stay on top of it, creating an extra layer. That gives you a smooth surface for your makeup. Don't put on too much primer. You just want a light layer. Wait again. Let the primer set on your skin. It should only take a few minutes.


Question: How can scalp oil help with psoriasis?

Answer: Massage a small amount into your scalp, then wrap your head in a towel and wait 30-60 minutes. Wash with your usual shampoo, then use a comb to gently loosen and remove the scales. Choose an ointment, oil, or thick cream.


Question: Which shampoos should you use if you have psoriasis?

Answer: These shampoos can help loosen rough scales on your scalp, but they won't always do a good job of cleaning your hair. After using one, follow with a regular shampoo. This will make sure you get rid of any odd âmedicineâ smell and make your hair easier to style. Talk to your doctor about a good product for you.


Question: How should you wash up if you have psoriasis?

Answer: That can make you feel better about how you look and get your day off to a good start. This will give your skin a smoother look. Flakes can make your skin appear bumpy and uneven, even when you're wearing makeup. That gives you a smooth surface for your makeup.


Question: How can shaving wet help with managing psoriasis?

Answer: Shaving wet instead of using an electric razor on dry skin is gentler on patches. Afterward, make sure to moisturize. You may find that skipping a day between shaves is easier on your skin. Look for a color that closely matches the skin tone of the skin surrounding your psoriasis.


Question: How do you treat a lipoma?

Answer: Since lipomas aren't harmful, doctors often leave them alone. You may need to keep an eye on it between visits. If one hurts or you don't like the way it looks, you might want to have it removed.


Question: On which part of your body does a lipoma usually form?

Answer: You most often find them in your upper body, arms, or thighs.


Question: Does a lipoma come back after it's been removed?

Answer: Lipomas rarely come back once removed.


Question: What are "giant lipomas"?

Answer: Lipomas bigger than 2 inches are sometimes called giant lipomas.


Question: What can help with suicidal patients with schizophrenia?

Answer: If you know someone who is thinking or talking about suicide, get them help. You can call 911 or a crisis line, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. If someone has schizophrenia and is not suicidal now, they need: Treatment for any depression symptoms Improvement in how well they follow their schizophrenia treatment People who can closely watch them, especially if they've had significant losses A safety plan that prepares for any failure to develope effective means of coping or a worsening of symptoms


Question: Which patients with schizophrenia are more likely to attempt suicide?

Answer: The classic person with schizophrenia who attempts suicide may: Be a male under age 30 Have a higher IQ Have been a high achiever as a teen and young adult Be painfully aware of schizophrenia's effect on him Suicide is also more likely in someone who is: Hopeless Socially isolated Living in a hospital In worsening health Suffering from a recent loss or rejection Lacking support from other people Having family stress or instability Fearing that their mental condition could worsen Too dependent on treatment or has lost faith in it Suicide among people with schizophrenia is also linked to: Long-term illness Family history of suicide Past or present history of depression Drug abuse Being very upset and impulsive Suicidal thoughts Greater number of prescriptions for schizophrenia medications and antidepressants Negative attitudes toward medication and not following their treatment plan Not being able to work and being dependent on others In general, the core symptoms of psychosis -- hallucinations and delusions -- seem to have a weaker link to suicide than symptoms such as: Hopelessness Negative outlook on life Sense of worthlessness Awareness that schizophrenia is negatively affecting how the person thinks Keep an eye out for signs that the person feels hopeless or that they have suffered a loss.


Question: How can relaxation techniques be an itch buster for eczema irritation?

Answer: Relaxation techniques: There's a strong link between stress and your skin. Plus, you're prone to scratch more when your emotions are running high. Self-hypnosis, meditation, and biofeedback therapy have all been shown to ease eczema symptoms. You may also want to see a therapist. Doing so can ease stress. It can also help you change habits or negative thought patterns that may be adding to your skin problems.


Question: Which foods can help prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Caution: Too much dairy foods and animal protein can up your chances of less common types of kidney stones: Grapes, melon, bananas Cucumbers, cauliflower, cabbage, peas Cheese, milk, butter Beef, bacon, chicken, ham Eat citrus fruits.


Question: Which conditions can lead to kidney stones?

Answer: Other conditions that make kidney stones more likely include: Obesity .


Question: How can oxalates lead to kidney stones?

Answer: These are organic compounds found in a number of foods, including healthy ones such as spinach and sweet potatoes. But oxalates also bind easily to certain minerals, including calcium, which then help form kidney stones.


Question: Which citrus fruits can help prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Lemons and limes are high in citrate, which helps prevent kidney stones.


Question: How can colas lead to kidney stones?

Answer: These beverages are high in fructose and phosphates, which may lead to kidney stones.


Question: Which foods should you avoid to prevent kidney stones?

Answer: But if you have calcium oxalate stones, which are the most common type, your doctor may tell you to avoid limit foods high in oxalates: Nuts, including almonds, cashews, pistachios, and peanuts Soy products, including soy burger, soy milk, and soy cheese Chocolate Oat and oat bran Red kidney beans, navy beans, fava beans Beets, spinach, kale, tomato These foods are low in oxalates.


Question: How can animal protein lead to kidney stones?

Answer: Too many steaks, chicken, eggs, and seafood can build up calcium and uric acid in your body.


Question: How can salt lead to kidney stones?

Answer: Salt (specifically, sodium). Lots of sodium, which you get mainly through salt, means more calcium in your pee. That ups you odds for kidney stones.


Question: Who's likely to get kidney stones?

Answer: Forty percent of the people who get kidney stones have relatives who have them, too. Their bodies may get rid of too much calcium or too little citrate (a chemical found in citrus fruits) in their pee, for instance. If you've had them once, you're likely to get them again, unless you take steps.


Question: What can you do to prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Lots of sodium, which you get mainly through salt, means more calcium in your pee. Stay hydrated, especially when you exercise. Avoid or eat less of foods with high amounts of ingredients like sodium chloride, monosodium glutamate ( MSG), and sodium nitrate. Usually it's good to get more spinach and nuts in your diet.


Question: Can your diet affect your chances of kidney stones?

Answer: One top reason is you may not be drinking enough water. That means you'll make too little pee, which gives the stones more chances to form. Too little calcium in your diet may lead to kidney stones in certain people.


Question: What are the long term risks associated with celiac disease?

Answer: Long-term risks: Over time, celiac disease can damage the lining of your intestines, and your body may not be able to take in enough nutrients. You also may become lactose-intolerant and get painful gas from dairy products. If you don't get enough calcium and vitamin D from food, your bones can become weak or soft. Kids with celiac disease may not get enough food or nutrients to develop strong muscles or bones. They can lag behind other children in height and weight. About 20% of people with celiac disease who cut out gluten still have symptoms. Some of those people may also have IBS.


Question: What do celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have in common?

Answer: Symptoms: With celiac disease, you may have diarrhea, stomach cramps, gas and bloating, or weight loss.


Question: What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

Answer: Symptoms: With celiac disease, you may have diarrhea, stomach cramps, gas and bloating, or weight loss. Some people also have anemia, which means your body doesn't make enough red blood cells, and feel weak or tired. You also may have acid reflux or heartburn, itchy skin rashes or blisters, numb or tingly feet or hands, joint pain, headaches, mouth sores, or damage to the enamel on your teeth. Kids with celiac disease may be more likely to vomit and have diarrhea or not be very hungry. They can get a potbelly or swollen gut, and they may have foul-smelling stool.


Question: What are the long-term risks associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Long-term risks: IBS shouldn't cause any long-term health problems. It can, though, affect your quality of life. Symptoms may come and go.


Question: How common is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder that affects your large intestine (colon). About 10% to 15% of people have IBS. Most of them have either mild or moderate symptoms.


Question: What is the treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you have IBS: Figure out which foods are problems for you. You may try to follow a diet called Low FODMAP for a few weeks. This involves cutting out certain carbohydrates and then slowly adding them back to find out what bothers you. You can use laxatives or add fiber to your diet to treat constipation, and you can get loperamide ( Imodium) at your local drug store to treat diarrhea. If you need them, your doctor can prescribe drugs to treat stomach spasms or pain. Certain antidepressants also may help with the symptoms of IBS.


Question: What can you do to treat celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Whether you have celiac or IBS, diet and lifestyle changes can help. Stay away from foods that may trigger flares, and exercise to keep your muscles and bones strong. That also can ease stress.


Question: What causes celiac disease?

Answer: Causes: It's not completely clear what causes celiac disease. Certain genes may make you more likely to have it. Some people only get it after pregnancy or severe stress. An infection can also trigger the disease.


Question: What is the treatment for celiac disease?

Answer: When you have celiac disease, your immune system reacts to foods with gluten, a protein found in grains like wheat, barley, or rye. Long-term risks: Over time, celiac disease can damage the lining of your intestines, and your body may not be able to take in enough nutrients. If you don't get enough calcium and vitamin D from food, your bones can become weak or soft. If you have celiac: Completely cut out foods with gluten. That can include things with wheat, barley, rye, spelt, malt, or triticale, and don't drink beer or ale. Grains like rice, oats, and corn or starches like potatoes should be fine.


Question: What should you know about celiac disease?

Answer: If you have it and eat cereal, bread, or other foods that contain gluten, you can get very sick. Both kids and adults can have the disease. About 1% of people have it. Some people who don't eat gluten may be sensitive to it, but they don't have celiac disease. If you have celiac: Completely cut out foods with gluten.


Question: What tests do doctors use to determine if you have celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Some people also have anemia, which means your body doesn't make enough red blood cells, and feel weak or tired. If you have severe stomach pain, diarrhea, or gas right after you eat certain foods, see your doctor. Tell her when your symptoms started and what seems to trigger them. She'll probably want to do a few tests to find out what the problem is. He also might take a sample of tissue (called a biopsy) to test for signs of celiac. Bone density test: This is a low-dose X-ray that shows how much mineral is in your bones. It can predict how strong your bones are and how likely they are to break. There is no test for IBS. Your doctor will go over your symptoms to rule out other causes like celiac, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis. If you don't have any of those, you probably have IBS.


Question: Is acupuncture safe?

Answer: The FDA regulates the equipment and requires that practitioners use each needle only once. You should be able to see your acupuncturist take each individual needle out of a sterile packet. Clean needles make sure that more serious side effects like infection with HIV or hepatitis B won't happen.


Question: How many needles do acupuncture treatments use?

Answer: Most acupuncture treatments use between five and 15 needles. They're hollow and so slender that you may not even feel them when the practitioner puts them into your skin.


Question: Can acupuncture help my fibromyalgia?

Answer: If you're looking for another way to manage your fibromyalgia pain, you may be able to get some relief from acupuncture. And keep in mind that acupuncture probably works best when you combine it with other treatments. Not all studies show that acupuncture helps fibromyalgia, but there is some research that suggests it may be able to ease pain, stiffness, and anxiety and also help you sleep better.


Question: What should I look out for when buying whole grains?

Answer: Some foods that appear to contain whole grains really don't. You need to look carefully at food labels. Don't be fooled by: Terms like "enriched." Enriched wheat contains only part of the grain. Foods labeled "containing whole grain," "made from whole grain," or "multigrain." They may not be 100% whole grains. Look for "whole grain" as the first ingredient listed. The food's color. For example, bread may be brown only because it contains added ingredients, like molasses.


Question: What is one whole-grain food serving for people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Examples of one whole-grain food serving: 1/2 cup of cooked brown rice 1/2 cup of cooked oatmeal 1 slice of whole-grain bread 1/2 cup of whole wheat pasta Ask your doctor or a dietitian about how to fit whole grains into your diet. Together you can design a plan that fits your tastes, and helps you gain better control over your blood sugar.


Question: Should I start taking fiber supplements if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Although it's best to get fiber from food sources such as whole grains, fiber supplements can also help you increase your fiber intake. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose. Be sure to increase your fiber intake slowly to help prevent gas and cramping.


Question: How much whole grain should I be eating if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Even though whole grains are healthy, you don't want to eat unlimited amounts. How much of these grains you can eat depends on how well you're managing your blood sugar. A good guide is to eat about three servings of whole grains each day.


Question: Why are whole grains good better for people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The reason whole wheat bread and brown rice are better for you than white bread and white rice is in the way the grains are processed.


Question: What are grains made up of?

Answer: It contains the fiber, antioxidants, B vitamins, and minerals. It contains mostly carbohydrates, but also small amounts of protein, B vitamins, and minerals. Whole-grain foods are made with all three parts of the grain, so they've got vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Refined grains have only the starchy endosperm layer, so they have less fiber and fewer nutrients.


Question: Can I still eat grains if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Fiber slows digestion and the absorption of carbohydrates and may not raise your blood sugar as quickly as refined grains. Examples of one whole-grain food serving: 1/2 cup of cooked brown rice 1/2 cup of cooked oatmeal 1 slice of whole-grain bread 1/2 cup of whole wheat pasta Ask your doctor or a dietitian about how to fit whole grains into your diet.


Question: How can I eat more whole grains if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Also, try these tips: Add grains like barley and bulgur wheat to soups, stews, salads, and casseroles to add texture. When you bake breads or muffins, instead of white flour use half whole wheat flour and half oat, amaranth, or buckwheat flour. You can also use these whole-grain flours in pancakes and waffles. The reason whole wheat bread and brown rice are better for you than white bread and white rice is in the way the grains are processed.


Question: How can you keep skin healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: Hot water dries skin out, so take warm baths and showers. Wear sunscreen and protective clothing when you're outdoors. Check your skin often and tell your doctor if you notice changes, such as moles. If you smoke, this is another good reason to try to stop. It can cause wrinkles.


Question: How can you keep your eyes and ears healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: Get your vision and hearing checked regularly. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes outdoors. Wear earplugs to protect against or block loud noises.


Question: How can you keep your bones healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: Make sure you get enough calcium and vitamin D. Good sources of calcium in your diet include dairy products, almonds, and vegetables such as broccoli and kale. Your doctor may also recommend calcium supplements. Vitamin D is vital to bone health because it helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone strength.. Some people are able to get enough of this nutrient by spending time in sunlight. You can also get it from tuna, sardines, egg yolks, and fortified foods such as milk and many cereals. Ask your doctor whether you need a supplement.


Question: How can you keep your bladder healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: If you get the urge to âgoâ a lot, see your doctor. In most cases, symptoms can be controlled or even cured. Try to avoid caffeine, alcohol, sodas, and foods high in acid. These can make the condition worse. Kegel exercises can tighten your pelvic floor muscles and may help with bladder control. Squeeze as if you're holding your pee. Wait five seconds, then relax for five seconds. Do this four or five times in a row several times a day. To avoid constipation, eat plenty of high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Drink lots of water. Try to exercise every day. It can help get your bowels moving.


Question: How does aging affect your eyes and ears?

Answer: You may find it hard to focus on objects up close. You might need reading glasses for the first time. Perhaps you see more glare or find it hard to adapt to abrupt changes of light. When it comes to your hearing, you could have a hard time following conversations in a crowded room or hearing at high frequencies.


Question: How can you keep your gums healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: Each day, brush twice and floss once to get rid of food and plaque between your teeth. It's the best way to help prevent gum disease and tooth loss. Also, see your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.


Question: How can you keep your muscles healthy as you age?

Answer: Try this: Get some moderate exercise every day, such as a brisk walk or lifting light weights. It will help with muscle strength and function. Check with your doctor to see how much activity is right for you. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins such as fish and chicken. Stay away from sugar and foods that are high in saturated fat. And eat smaller portions. You probably don't need as many calories as you once did.


Question: How does aging affect your bladder?

Answer: This is called âurinary incontinence.â It happens to an estimated 10% of people 65 or older. Many of these people get a little leakage when they cough or sneeze, but some lose a large amount of pee before they can get to the bathroom. For women, menopause can be a factor. For men, an enlarged prostate might be the issue. You might also notice that you're not as regular as you used to be. Some conditions, such as diabetes, can slow down your bowels. Some medicines might make you constipated. These include medicines that treat blood pressure, seizures, Parkinson disease, and depression. Iron supplements and narcotic pain medicines can also lead to constipation. As men age, they may find it harder to get or keep an erection.


Question: How does aging affect your gums?

Answer: Some medicines make your mouth feel drier. Dry mouth might put you at higher risk for tooth decay and infections. You might even notice you seem to be shorter.


Question: What are tips for rehydrating when the air is dry?

Answer: Here are a few tips to help you combat dry indoor air, preserve the moisture in your skin and nasal passages, and avoid feline-induced static shocks this winter. When you turn up the thermostat in your home, your heating system kicks up clouds of dust, pollen, and other allergens that can inflame your sinuses. Hydrate often. Keep your skin and mouth moist by drinking water throughout the day. Shorten your showers.


Question: What are symptoms of mild altitude sickness or acute mountain sickness?

Answer: Mild altitude sickness or acute mountain sickness: Symptoms may include: Fatigue Headache Loss of appetite Nausea Sleep problems Swelling of arms and legs Vomiting Weakness Severe altitude sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema ( HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema ( HACE): Symptoms may also include: Shortness of breath at rest, fast heart beat, dry cough, pink frothy phlegm or sputum, or crackling sound in lungs ( HAPE) Severe headache, altered vision, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, and coma ( HACE) For mild acute mountain sickness, the person may be able to stay at current altitude to see if his or her body adjusts.


Question: How can I treat mountain sickness?

Answer: If symptoms don't get better in 24 to 48 hours or if they get worse, the person should go down to a lower altitude and seek immediate medical care. For severe symptoms, the person should immediately be taken down 1,500 to 2,000 feet with as little exertion as possible. Keep going down until symptoms go away. Get medical help right away as waiting could cause serious problems or even death. Even if symptoms are mild, the person should not go any higher in altitude until symptoms are completely gone.


Question: When should I see a health care provider about altitude or mountain sickness?

Answer: If mild symptoms persist after descent, call a health care provider. For severe symptoms, the person should see a doctor as soon as possible, even if symptoms go away after descent.


Question: How can I treat the symptoms of altitude or mountain sickness?

Answer: Give oxygen, if available. Keep the person warm and have him or her rest. Give plenty of liquids. Give acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for headache. Avoid alcohol and sleeping medications.


Question: What cholesterol levels help lower your risk of heart disease?

Answer: You're more likely to get heart disease if you have: Total cholesterol level over 200 HDL ("good") cholesterol level under 40 LDL ("bad") cholesterol level over 160 Triglycerides over 150 Cholesterol isn't the only thing that matters. Your doctor will consider the big picture, including all your potential risks. To help lower cholesterol levels, eat a diet low in cholesterol, saturated fat, and refined sugars and high in fiber.


Question: What can you do to lower your odds of heart disease?

Answer: To help lower cholesterol levels, eat a diet low in cholesterol, saturated fat, and refined sugars and high in fiber. Exercise and healthy eating as well as avoiding salt help. If you have it, treating it also will help control high blood pressure. Get to a healthy weight. Losing extra weight is good for your heart. Control diabetes. Manage stress and anger.


Question: Can I give my children nose drops?

Answer: Nose drops such as Afrin are approved by the FDA for children ages 6 and older. Neo- Synephrine is FDA-approved for kids ages 12 and older.


Question: What should I give my child to drink if he/she has a cold?

Answer: When your child drinks extra fluids, it thins his mucus, which helps it to drain. Drinking can also ease his sore throat. Try a variety of fluids, such as warm water or tea with lemon and honey (for children over age 1), ice pops, or chicken soup.


Question: Is there anything I can do if my child has a cold?

Answer: There isn't a cure, but there's still a lot you can do to make your child feel better when he's in the grips of a sneezy, drippy, all-round miserable cold.


Question: What medicine should I give my child for fever and aches?

Answer: Painkillers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen can reduce a fever and relieve aches. Ask your doctor which type is right for your child. Make sure you don't give him aspirin, which can sometimes lead to a serious condition called Reye's syndrome.


Question: Can I give my child over-the-counter cold medicines?

Answer: Many over-the-counter ( OTC) cold medicines have more than one ingredient, including some that your child may not need. And some may include a pain reliever, too. If you don't read labels carefully, you may give your child too much medicine. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about cold medicine for your child. Read the packaging label carefully before giving your child OTC medicine, especially if your child already takes medications.


Question: How do I know the correct dose of cold medicine to give a child?

Answer: Follow dosing recommendations closely, especially with infants. Talk to your pediatrician before you give any over-the-counter medicine to a child under age 4.


Question: How can I help my child blow their nose?

Answer: There's no better way to get rid of mucus. Nasal aspirators can help if your younger child can't blow his nose. Ask your pharmacist where to find them in the store. Choose one with a plastic tip and rubber bulb. These tend to have better suction and are less irritating than the larger, all-rubber style. Use the aspirator to suction each nostril eight to 10 times in a row. The mucus may come out like a string. If your child is stuffy and nothing is coming out, try three to four drops or sprays of salt water in each nostril. Wait 2 minutes, and then suction again.


Question: Can I give my children decongestant medicine?

Answer: Decongestants that your child takes by mouth include drugs such as pseudoephedrine. He may have side effects such as being hyper or trouble falling asleep, so don't give them at bedtime. Unfortunately, these medications rarely work for more than an hour or two.


Question: Can I give my children salt-water nose drops and sprays?

Answer: Saltwater nose drops, gels, and sprays, which you can buy at a drugstore or supermarket, are just as effective as chemical decongestants. They can be used with a bulb suction in little ones to clear the nostrils, they don't have any side effects, and you can give them to young children. They can improve your child's stuffy nose. But don't use them for more than 2 to 3 days. If you do, it can make your child more congested.


Question: What can I give my child to help with mucus in a cough?

Answer: Make sure he rests and gets plenty to drink. There is little scientific evidence that guaifenesin or any chemical expectorant actually works. Warm tea or water with lemon and honey -- a proven expectorant -- can soothe your child's inflamed throat. Warm liquids can also ease the feeling of a "tickle in the throat" and a dry cough. Breathing in steam, along with drinking plenty of fluids, can also help loosen up mucus. Be careful not to burn your child with the hot steam. Ask your pharmacist for specific directions and advice. Avoid combination products such as expectorant/antihistamine or cough expectorant/cough suppressant.


Question: What combination cold medicines should be avoided in children?

Answer: An expectorant like guaifenesin ( Mucinex) may help thin mucus, which lets your child cough it up more easily. These may work against each other. Some ingredients, such as antihistamines, may not work at all for a virus -- they can't help unless some of the symptoms are actually from an allergy. Read labels carefully. Many cold medicines contain a fever and pain reliever such as acetaminophen. You don't need to give a separate dose to relieve aches and fever. If you do, you may be "double dosing." This can be dangerous for your child. If your child has a stuffy or runny nose but no aches, avoid painkillers.


Question: How can radionuclide ventriculography test for heart failure?

Answer: Radioactive materials go into your bloodstream. Then a device called a gamma camera takes pictures of your heart to show how well it's working. The radioactive material is safe for most folks. Your kidneys will take care of it. However, if you're pregnant or nursing, you shouldn't have this test.


Question: What is left-sided heart failure?

Answer: It's usually broken down into several types: Left-sided heart failure: The left ventricle is larger and pumps more of the heart's blood. This type of heart failure is broken down into two categories: Systolic failure, where the left ventricle is too weak to push enough blood Diastolic failure, where the left ventricle is too stiff, can't relax, and can't fill with blood normally Right-sided heart failure: This usually happens after the left side fails.


Question: What is right-sided heart failure?

Answer: This type of heart failure is broken down into two categories: Systolic failure, where the left ventricle is too weak to push enough blood Diastolic failure, where the left ventricle is too stiff, can't relax, and can't fill with blood normally Right-sided heart failure: This usually happens after the left side fails. More fluid pressure through the lungs damages the right side of your heart.


Question: When should you have exercise ankle-brachial index test?

Answer: You might need the ankle-brachial index test for a few reasons: 1. If you took an exercise ankle-brachial index test, the range of results may be a little different.


Question: What do the results of an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test mean?

Answer: Your doctor uses the blood pressure results to come up with a number called the ankle-brachial index. Here's what the numbers mean: 0.9 or less. You have PAD. The lower the number, the more blockage you have. Over 1.4. The test isn't helpful to you. This result means you have stiff arteries, and you can't get useful blood pressure numbers with the cuff. Your doctor will turn to a different test.


Question: Other than preventing the flu, what are other health benefits of exercise?

Answer: There are other benefits to being more active, like less stress and better sleep. Stress is bad for your body and mind. You can ease it with regular exercise. Get 7 to 8 hours sleep a night, too, because that also helps keep your body's defenses in good shape.


Question: Can exercise help prevent the flu?

Answer: Experts say you should get at least 30 minutes of moderate cardio like walking, swimming, biking, or running each day. Extreme workouts can slash the number of white blood cells you have and boost the level of stress hormones in your bloodstream. Your immune system works best when it isn't in overdrive.


Question: How is biology related to depression?

Answer: Researchers have noted differences in the brains of people who have a clinical depression as compared to those who do not. For instance, the hippocampus, a small part of the brain that is vital to the storage of memories, appears to be smaller in some people with a history of depression than in those who've never been depressed.


Question: Is depression linked to chronic pain?

Answer: Hypothyroidism may also lead to depressed feelings. Researchers believe that treating the depression may sometimes also help the co-existing medical illness improve. When pain lingers for weeks to months, it's referred to as being "chronic." Not only does chronic pain hurt, it also disturbs your sleep, your ability to exercise and be active, your relationships, and your productivity at work.


Question: What is the link between depression and chronic illness?

Answer: In some people, a chronic illness causes depression. A chronic illness is an illness that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely. However, chronic illnesses can often be controlled through diet, exercise, lifestyle habits, and certain medications. Some examples of chronic illnesses that may cause depression are diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, kidney disease, HIV/ AIDS, lupus, and multiple sclerosis ( MS). Hypothyroidism may also lead to depressed feelings. Researchers believe that treating the depression may sometimes also help the co-existing medical illness improve.


Question: Can major events cause depression?

Answer: So can moving, losing a job or income, getting divorced, or retiring. However, the syndrome of clinical depression is never just a "normal" response to stressful life events.


Question: What causes depression?

Answer: No one knows exactly what causes it, but it can occur for a variety of reasons. Some people experience depression during a serious medical illness. Others may have depression with life changes such as a move or the death of a loved one. Still others have a family history of depression. Those who do may experience depression and feel overwhelmed with sadness and loneliness for no known reason. A chronic illness is an illness that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely.


Question: How do cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation treat liver cancer?

Answer: Cryotherapy, or freezing the tumor, and radiofrequency ablation ( RFA), using radio waves to destroy the tumor, may be used to treat some cases of liver cancer.


Question: Should I be screened routinely for liver cancer?

Answer: However, studies haven't determined if screening is beneficial for people who are not at increased risk. To diagnose liver cancer, a doctor must rule out other causes of liver dysfunction. Patients at high risk include patients with a condition called hemochromatosis, chronic hepatitis, and alcoholics.


Question: How is radiation therapy used for liver cancer?

Answer: Radiation therapy can be given in various ways, but has its limitations due to the liver's low tolerance to radiation. When used, the role of radiation is to alleviate symptoms outside of the liver or to relieve pain within the liver by shrinking the tumor. Radioembolization therapy uses substances to cut off the blood supply to the tumor.


Question: How is advanced liver cancer treated?

Answer: Chemotherapy and low-dose radiation may control the cancer's spread and ease pain, however these are of modest benefit in this type of cancer. Most patients receive painkilling medication along with drugs to relieve nausea, improve appetite, and reduce abdominal or lower body swelling. The drug sorafenib ( Nexavar) is the first drug to significantly improve the overall survival with advanced liver cancer and is considered the drug of choice for such patients. People with advanced liver cancer may choose to join clinical trials testing new approaches to treatment.


Question: What is laparoscopy in liver cancer diagnosis?

Answer: Laparoscopy, using tools and cameras through small incisions, is useful for detecting small tumors, determining the extent of cirrhosis, or obtaining a biopsy, and confirm previous tests, among other things.


Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose liver cancer?

Answer: Additional tests include: Blood tests that measure tumor markers -- the levels of these substances rise in the blood if someone has a particular cancer -- can aid diagnosis. Liver cancers secrete a substance called alpha fetoprotein ( AFP) that is normally present in fetuses but goes away at birth. An elevated AFP in adults may indicate liver cancer as it is produced in 70% of liver cancers. Elevated levels of iron may also be a tumor marker.


Question: Is liver cancer curable?

Answer: Any liver cancer is difficult to cure. Primary liver cancer is rarely detectable early, when it is most treatable. Secondary or metastatic liver cancer is hard to treat because it has already spread. The liver's complex network of blood vessels and bile ducts makes surgery difficult. Most treatment concentrates on making patients feel better and perhaps live longer.


Question: How is liver cancer treated at different stages?

Answer: This may also be done without chemotherapy (bland emoblization) in some cases, using ethanol instead. Radiation therapy can be given in various ways, but has its limitations due to the liver's low tolerance to radiation. When used, the role of radiation is to alleviate symptoms outside of the liver or to relieve pain within the liver by shrinking the tumor. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival. Chemotherapy and low-dose radiation may control the cancer's spread and ease pain, however these are of modest benefit in this type of cancer.


Question: Is a liver transplant an option for liver cancer?

Answer: Screening for early detection of primary liver cancer is not performed routinely, but it may be considered for people at high risk for the disease. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival.


Question: What is golfer's elbow?

Answer: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. The pain centers on the bony bump on the inside of your elbow and may radiate into the forearm. It can usually be treated effectively with rest.


Question: What causes golfer's elbow?

Answer: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. Golfer's elbow is usually caused by overusing the muscles in the forearm that allow you to grip, rotate your arm, and flex your wrist. Repetitive flexing, gripping, or swinging can cause pulls or tiny tears in the tendons. Despite the name, this condition doesn't just affect golfers. Risky sports include tennis, bowling, and baseball -- in fact, it's sometimes called pitcher's elbow.


Question: If Iâm taking pioglitazone (Actos) for my type 2 diabetes, what side effects should I call a doctor about?

Answer: If you take pioglitazone ( Actos) or a combination drug with pioglitazone in it ( Actoplus Met, Duetact), call your doctor if you have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Severe swelling Dark pee It's rare, but metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis.


Question: What kind of medication changes can happen as I treat my diabetes?

Answer: It's important to keep your blood sugar within a healthy range. This lowers your chances of diabetes complications. If your readings are too high on your current medication, your doctor might want to change the dose or try another. This can happen even if your medication worked very well at first. Sometimes it just doesn't do the trick by itself anymore. If one drug doesn't manage your blood sugar well enough, your doctor might add a second. If two don't work, she could add a third.


Question: Iâve made some changes to my lifestyle. How will I know if I need to change my type 2 diabetes medication?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you are on the drug or a combination that contains it, and if you have any of the following symptoms: Loss of appetite Abdominal discomfort or diarrhea Muscle cramping Fast, shallow breathing Weakness or unusual tiredness If you've made lifestyle changes like weight loss and regular exercise, you might need a lower dose. Your doctor will review your treatment plan and make any needed changes. Talk to your doctor before you change or stop any medication. Do not quit taking any mediation without her OK.


Question: What do my endometrial biopsy results mean?

Answer: You should get the lab results back in about a week. The possible causes of your abnormal bleeding could be: Polyps or fibroids (small or large growths in your uterus) An infection of your uterus, like endometritis Endometrial cancer A thyroid problem Your doctor will go over the results with you. Based on what they reveal, she'll also explain if any treatment is needed.


Question: Who gets tested for endometrial biopsy?

Answer: Your doctor may do this type of biopsy if your Pap test shows that you have âprecancerousâ cells in your uterus. She could also suggest one if you have any of these symptoms: Heavy or long periods Periods that don't come at the same time every month No periods Bleeding after menopause Bleeding after taking a breast cancer drug called tamoxifen A thickened uterine lining An endometrial biopsy can't fix or stop any of these symptoms. But it can help your doctor learn what may be wrong.


Question: What happens after an endometrial biopsy?

Answer: It's common to have some light spotting after this type of biopsy. You may also have some cramping. If so, ask your doctor which over-the-counter pain relievers are safe for you to take. Some, like aspirin, could make you bleed more. You can return to your normal routine as soon as you feel able, but skip sex until all your bleeding has stopped.


Question: What are the risks of endometrial biopsy?

Answer: An endometrial biopsy is a way for your doctor to check for problems in your uterus. The wall of your uterus could also get nicked by the tools used during the biopsy, but this is very rare. If you think you may be pregnant, make sure to tell your doctor ahead of time. The biopsy could cause you to miscarry.


Question: What is endometrial biopsy?

Answer: It's very safe. The procedure usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. This holds it open during the procedure. While an endometrial biopsy is safe, there is a chance of bleeding and infection.


Question: What can trigger my herpes symptoms?

Answer: Remember that triggers may not be the same for everyone, and doctors are not certain how much lifestyle affects herpes symptoms. If you think one triggers your symptoms, ask your doctor what you should do about it.


Question: What is pseudotumor cerebri?

Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands.


Question: What are symptomatic relief medications?

Answer: Stress: your reaction to any change that requires you to adjust or respond Symptomatic relief medications: drugs used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including the pain of a headache or the nausea and vomiting associated with migraine; these may include simple analgesics, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antiemetics, or sedatives.


Question: What is Raynaud's phenomena?

Answer: Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands. This condition may be associated with migraines.


Question: What is the nervous system?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. It also receives information, much of which is sent to the brain. This information is analyzed and coordinated by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain.


Question: What are tension-type headaches?

Answer: Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.


Question: What is photophobia?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.


Question: What is the definition of acute headaches?

Answer: Acute: sudden; occurs quickly and generally, without warning Acute headaches: headaches that occur suddenly for the first time with symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time; they are usually due to an illness, infection, cold, or fever.


Question: What is the definition of photophobia?

Answer: Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc.


Question: What is the definition of acupuncture?

Answer: Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used. Acupuncture stimulates the body's ability to resist or overcome illnesses and conditions by correcting energy imbalances. Acupuncture also prompts the body to produce chemicals that decrease or eliminate painful sensations.


Question: What is the definition of episodic?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches.


Question: What is the definition of biofeedback?

Answer: Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain.


Question: What is the definition of basilar artery migraine?

Answer: Basilar artery migraine: a migraine that is preceded by symptoms of dizziness, pain at the base of the skull with numbness, confusion, or loss of balance; these symptoms usually occur suddenly and can be associated with vision changes, the inability to speak properly, ringing in the ears, and vomiting. This type of migraine is strongly related to hormonal changes and primarily affects young adult women.


Question: What is the definition of decongestant medications?

Answer: Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain.


Question: What is the definition of adrenaline (epinephrine)?

Answer: Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain.


Question: What is the definition of narcotics?

Answer: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot.


Question: What is the definition of hemiplegic migraine?

Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.


Question: What is the definition of hydrocephalus?

Answer: Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory.


Question: What is the definition of anticonvulsant?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is the definition of massage?

Answer: Massage: a type of headache treatment that involves rubbing, pinching, kneading, or otherwise manipulating the body to relieve muscular tension; massage can be helpful in promoting relaxation.


Question: What is the definition of ophthalmology?

Answer: Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis.


Question: What are endorphins?

Answer: Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches.


Question: What is ataxia?

Answer: Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches.


Question: What is a headache?

Answer: Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches.


Question: What is a headache history?

Answer: Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes.


Question: What are food additives?

Answer: Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. MSG, nitrates, or phenylethalamine are examples of food additives.


Question: What is an anticonvulsant?

Answer: Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures.


Question: What is an ophthalmologic migraine?

Answer: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: Pain around the eye, including paralysis in the muscles surrounding the eye; this is an emergency medical condition, as the symptoms can be caused by pressure on the nerves behind the eye. Other symptoms of recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy include a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, or other vision changes.


Question: What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer: Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. People taking MAO inhibitors must be careful not to eat foods containing tyramine, as this can cause increased blood pressure.


Question: What is a transformed migraine?

Answer: Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns.