Question: What is rhabdomyolysis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Rhabdomyolysis is a serious syndrome due to a direct or indirect muscle injury. It results from the death of muscle fibers and release of their contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to serious complications such as renal (kidney) failure.


Question: How can rhabdomyolysis be diagnosed?

Answer: Keep in mind that half of people with the condition may have no muscle-related symptoms. Other common signs of rhabdomyolysis include: Abdominal pain Nausea or vomiting Fever, rapid heart rate Confusion, dehydration, fever, or lack of consciousness Blood tests for creatine kinase, a product of muscle breakdown, and urine tests for myoglobin, a relative of hemoglobin that is released from damaged muscles, can help diagnose rhabdomyolysis (although in half of people with the condition, the myoglobin test may come up negative).


Question: What does the Atkins 40 involve?

Answer: A newer version of Atkins, called Atkins 40, has more relaxed rules and allows you to start with 40 grams of carbs in the daily diet. It doesn't exclude any food groups at first, as Atkins 20 does. There are limits to the amount of butter or fats that you should eat, but no strict guidelines for meats or other proteins.


Question: How compatible is the Atkins diet with a gluten-free diet?

Answer: Vegetarians get protein from: Eggs Cheese Soy Nuts Seeds Legumes High-protein grains like quinoa Vegans get protein from: Legumes Soy Nuts Seeds High-protein grains like quinoa Gluten-free diet: It's easy to stick to that eating plan when you're on Atkins. Foods with gluten are high in carbs. People on Atkins eat less gluten than people who eat the standard American diet.


Question: How compatible is the Atkins diet with a low-salt diet?

Answer: Low-salt diet: There's no need to add salt to any recipes for Atkins. Stay away from canned and packaged foods as much as you can, because they often have added sugars and other carbs, bad-for-you fats â¦ and salt.


Question: How compatible is the Atkins diet for vegetarians and vegans?

Answer: Vegetarians and vegans: Atkins doesn't require you to eat meat. Also, you'll have to skip the first phase of Atkins 20, which limits carbs too much.


Question: Where can you get support for the Atkins diet?

Answer: Support: You can follow Atkins by reading a book, but if you want extra support, the Atkins website has support groups and chat rooms, where you can talk to others who are losing weight the same way you are. There are also free recipes, meal trackers, and apps to make it simple to count carbs, plan meals, and shop.


Question: Which foods can vegans get protein from in the Atkins diet?

Answer: Vegetarians get protein from: Eggs Cheese Soy Nuts Seeds Legumes High-protein grains like quinoa Vegans get protein from: Legumes Soy Nuts Seeds High-protein grains like quinoa Gluten-free diet: It's easy to stick to that eating plan when you're on Atkins.


Question: What are oral problems in dogs?

Answer: Just as with humans, dogs can suffer from oral problems like: Bad breath Build-up of saliva, bacteria, and food on teeth (plaque) A hard yellow or brown residue on teeth (tartar) Swollen, bleeding, or irritated gums Pain Improving teeth and gum health.


Question: What can cause allergies in the workplace?

Answer: Dust mites, pollen, and mold are common and invisible allergy triggers in the workplace. These allergens can get trapped in tightly insulated and poorly ventilated office buildings. For some jobs, there can also be environmental triggers such as fumes that cause dizziness and make it hard to breathe. Look for allergy triggers that may affect you. Common allergens include: Aerosols Chemical fumes Cigarette smoke Cockroaches Cold air Dust Fresh paint Humid air Mold and mildew Perfume and scented products Pet dander Pollen Tobacco smoke and wood smoke Weather fronts Wind Make sure your work area is well-ventilated and has proper humidity to minimize molds.


Question: What is the link between ADHD and marijuana use?

Answer: Researchers have also found links between ADHD and the use of marijuana and other recreational drugs, particularly in people who also have other psychological disorders (such as obsessive-compulsive disorder). What's more, people with ADHD typically start having problems with drugs and alcohol at an earlier age than people without the condition.


Question: What kind of problems can ADHD turn into?

Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.


Question: What do long-term studies suggest about substance abuse in boys with ADHD?

Answer: One of the longest-term studies, which followed 100 boys with ADHD for 10 years, showed no greater risk for substance abuse in boys who took stimulant drugs compared to those who didn't take the drugs. An earlier study by the same authors even suggested that stimulant use might protect against later drug abuse and alcoholism in children with ADHD by relieving the ADHD symptoms that often lead to substance abuse problems. The earlier the stimulants are started, the lower the potential for substance abuse down the road.


Question: When is it more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol?

Answer: It is also more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol during their teenage years. In one study, 14% of children ages 15-17 with ADHD had problems with alcohol abuse or dependence as adults, compared to peers without ADHD. Another study found that at a mean age of 14.9 years, 40% of children with ADHD began using alcohol, compared to 22% of children without an ADHD diagnosis -- a strong predictor of alcohol and substance abuse in adulthood. Young adults (mean age of 25), on the other hand, were just as likely to use alcohol whether or not they had an ADHD diagnosis, but those with ADHD were likelier to use alcohol excessively .


Question: Why are people with ADHD more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol?

Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say. Also, both ADHD and alcoholism tend to run in families. A child with ADHD who has a parent with alcoholism is more likely to also develop an alcohol abuse problem. Researchers have pointed to common genes shared between ADHD and alcoholism.


Question: Why do parents worry about treating their children for ADHD?

Answer: Parents sometimes worry whether the stimulant drugs their children are taking to treat ADHD (such as Ritalin and Adderall) are themselves addictive.


Question: Why are people with ADHD more likely to have problems with drugs or alcohol?

Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.


Question: Is ADHD more common in people with alcohol or substance abuse problems?

Answer: Several studies have shown a strong connection between ADHD, drug abuse, and alcoholism. ADHD is five to 10 times more common among adult alcoholics than it is in people without the condition. Among adults being treated for alcohol and substance abuse, the rate of ADHD is about 25%.


Question: Are Ritalin or other stimulants effective in someone with both ADHD and substance abuse problems?

Answer: Whether Ritalin and other stimulants are effective treatments for ADHD patients with substance abuse problems is less clear. These drugs may be useful when prescribed in a long-acting form and in a controlled way to minimize the risk for becoming physically dependent on or misusing them.


Question: What treatment is available to someone with ADHD who develops an alcohol or substance abuse problem?

Answer: It's important to remember that not everyone with ADHD will develop an alcohol or substance abuse problem. In adults who do develop a problem, doctors suggest treatment with nonstimulant medications, including guanfacine ( Tenex, Intuniv), Clonidine ( Kapvay), or atomoxetine ( Strattera), and sometimes certain antidepressants such as Desipramine ( Norpramin) and Bupropion ( Wellbutrin).


Question: How do stimulant medications work to treat ADHD?

Answer: Stimulant medications work by raising levels of a chemical messenger called dopamine in the brain, which helps improve focus and attention -- skills that people with ADHD often find difficult to master.


Question: Is it more common for children with ADHD to abuse alcohol as teenagers?

Answer: It is also more common for children with ADHD to start abusing alcohol during their teenage years. In one study, 14% of children ages 15-17 with ADHD had problems with alcohol abuse or dependence as adults, compared to peers without ADHD.


Question: How are ADHD medications abused?

Answer: There have been reports of people using ADHD stimulants that weren't prescribed for them. People have crushed and snorted Ritalin tablets or dissolved the drug in water and taken it intravenously. Studies show that abusing Ritalin can lead to dependence on the drug. When carefully taken as prescribed, though, Ritalin is less likely to be addictive in children or adults.


Question: Do ADHD and alcoholism run in families?

Answer: Also, both ADHD and alcoholism tend to run in families. A child with ADHD who has a parent with alcoholism is more likely to also develop an alcohol abuse problem. Researchers have pointed to common genes shared between ADHD and alcoholism.


Question: What kind of substance abuse programs are available for people with ADHD?

Answer: Individual or group therapy, as well as 12-step support groups, can also be an important part of the substance abuse program for people with ADHD.


Question: Are children with ADHD more at risk for substance abuse problems as adults?

Answer: People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and likely to have behavior problems, both of which can contribute to drug and alcohol abuse, researchers say.


Question: What happens if someone develops a tolerance to ADHD medication?

Answer: Long-term use of all stimulants can sometimes lead to a phenomenon called tolerance -- that is, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect of a controlled substance. If and when this happens, a doctor may then be more likely to consider using nonstimulant medicines to treat ADHD.


Question: What are home remedies for heat cramps?

Answer: Heat cramps usually go away on their own, but you can try one of these home remedies: Rest in a cool place and drink a sports drink, which has electrolytes and salt, or drink cool water. Make your own salt solution by mixing 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon table salt dissolved in a quart of water.


Question: When should you call your doctor about heat cramps?

Answer: Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful. Consider seeking medical attention if the symptoms do not go away with rest and after restoring fluid and electrolytes. Call your doctor if these conditions develop: If you are unable to drink sufficient fluids because you have nausea or are vomiting, you may need IV rehydration with normal saline. Heat cramps may accompany heat exhaustion. If you have more severe symptoms of heat illness, including dizziness, fatigue, vomiting, headache, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, or a high temperature (greater than 104 degrees), get immediate medical care.


Question: What are symptoms of heat cramps?

Answer: Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.


Question: How can you prevent heat cramps?

Answer: If you work in a hot environment, you may experience heat cramps during the first few days on the job. Once you get used to the environment, and make sure you have adequate fluid replacement, you are less likely to have problems.


Question: How are heat cramps treated?

Answer: The doctor will check you for more severe heat illness and possibly provide you with IV fluid rehydration.


Question: Why should you eat prunes?

Answer: Prunes ( Dried Plums) Prunes, which are dried plums, do much more than keep your digestion regular. They're also high in antioxidants and fiber. A quarter-cup has 104 calories and 12% of the fiber you need in a day. You can eat them as-is, chop them up and add them to muffins or other baked goods, or include them in smoothies, cereals, sauces, or stews.


Question: Why should you eat cauliflower?

Answer: Cauliflower Broccoli is the relative that gets all the attention, but its paler cousin is no wallflower. Like other cruciferous veggies, cauliflower is a good source of vitamin C and fiber. Like broccoli, it also has a natural plant chemical called sulforaphane that may hold promise against cancer, according to early lab tests done in animals. Many other things also affect your cancer risk, but diet is one of the easiest to control.


Question: Why should you eat beets?

Answer: Beets These brightly colored root vegetables look rough on the outside, but they're softer and sweeter once you cook them. Beets are high in antioxidants, which may help protect against cancer and other chronic diseases. Plus, their juice, which is rich in nitrates,has been found to lower blood pressure and increase blood flow to the brain. If you're an athlete, snacking on beets might even help improve your performance.


Question: Why should you eat artichokes?

Answer: Artichokes You can grill it, bake it, and eat the leaves or the heart. Finish off the whole artichoke, and you'll only get about 60 calories and almost no fat, not counting any dip or sauce you ate it with. High in fiber, it will fill you up so you won't splurge on higher-fat foods.


Question: Why should you eat kefir?

Answer: Kefir This bubbly form of fermented milk has been a dietary staple in the Caucasus Mountains of Eastern Europe for many years. Recently, it's started to catch on in the U. S. Kefir is high in "good" bacteria called probiotics. It's also being studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.


Question: How should I treat symptoms of insect bites and stings in children?

Answer: Remove any tight jewelry from the area of the bite or sting. It could be hard to get off once the area swells. Ice the area for 10 minutes and then remove the ice for 10 minutes. Then repeat. If the sting was on an arm or leg, elevate the area. Pain relievers that are formulated for babies or children, such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) can help. Be sure to follow the dosing instructions on the bottle. If your child is under the recommended age, call a pediatrician.


Question: What are signs of insect bites and stings in children that need immediate medical attention?

Answer: Has been bitten or stung and has sudden hives, swelling in the face, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or fainting Had a serious allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting before Insect stings and bites in young children may be painful, frightening, or irritating, but they're rarely a cause for concern unless your child has an allergic reaction.


Question: What do I need to know about insect bites and stings in children?

Answer: Has been bitten or stung and has sudden hives, swelling in the face, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or fainting Had a serious allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting before Insect stings and bites in young children may be painful, frightening, or irritating, but they're rarely a cause for concern unless your child has an allergic reaction.


Question: How should I remove the stinger for honeybee stings in children?

Answer: Honeybees and yellow jackets are the only insects that leave a stinger in the skin. Scrape the area with a fingernail or credit card to remove it. Don't pinch the stinger with your fingers or tweezers -- that can inject more venom.


Question: What is the risk factors for nerve pain after shingles?

Answer: Researchers have long known that older people are more likely to get PHN, the nerve pain after shingles, but recent studies have found other factors that increase risks. In one study published in the journal Neurology, researchers -- including Dworkin -- looked at data from 965 people with shingles. The researchers identified five risk factors for developing PHN in people who had been recently diagnosed with shingles: Older Female Presence of symptoms before the rash appeared, like numbness, tingling, itching, or pain Severe pain during the illness's initial stages Severe rash Importantly, the researchers found the more risk factors you have, the greater the risk of developing PHN.


Question: How does shingles cause long-term pain?

Answer: Shingles, a viral infection of the nerve roots, affects 1 million people in the U. S each year. Most people recover from their bout, but for as many as 50% of those over age 60 who have not been treated, the pain doesn't go away. It can last for months, years, or even the rest of their lives. These people have what's called postherpetic neuralgia ( PHN), the result of the shingles virus damaging the nerves of the skin. In some cases, the pain is mild. In others, even the slightest touch -- from clothing or even a breeze -- can be excruciating. "


Question: What is the main cause of shingles?

Answer: Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the virus that also causes chickenpox. In a person who has been exposed to chickenpox -- or its vaccine -- the virus never really goes away. It can lie dormant in the body's nerves.


Question: How long do shingles last?

Answer: For reasons that experts don't really understand, the pain of shingles lingers for some. If the pain lasts for at least 3 months after the shingles rash has healed, a person is diagnosed with PHN. In some people, the pain will subside. In others, it won't. "


Question: What are plantar warts and palmer warts?

Answer: Plantar warts and palmar warts are noncancerous skin growths, caused by a viral infection in the top layer of the skin. The culprit is a strain of virus called human papillomavirus or HPV. Many strains of the virus exist, and those that cause common warts on the hands and feet are not the same strains of HPV that cause genital warts.


Question: What do plantar warts and palmer warts look like?

Answer: On average plantar warts and palmar warts are small, about the size of a pencil eraser. But some warts grow bigger. Sometimes plantar warts can grow in clusters; those are called mosaic warts. Sometimes corns or calluses are mistaken for a palmar or plantar wart. In some warts, little black dots appear, leading people to call them "seed" warts. Actually the black dots are little blood vessels that have grown up into the wart. Warts don't really have âseeds.â Plantar warts usually don't stick up above the skin as much as warts on the hand, partly because of the pressure of walking and its flattening effect.


Question: How do you get a plantar wart or palmer wart?

Answer: The transmission can be indirect. For instance, a child with a wart on his hand may touch a playground surface that is then touched by another child and the wart spreads. Or a person with a plantar wart uses a shower without wearing shower shoes and another person then uses it and develops a wart. The risk of getting a hand or foot wart from another person is small. A person's risk of getting a wart varies. Those with a weakened immune system are more susceptible. But those with healthy immune systems can also develop warts.


Question: What medical and insurance information should you gather before your knee replacement surgery?

Answer: Chances are, you'll be asked for the same medical and insurance information over and again in the coming weeks. Carry a handy list of: All your medication and supplements Any health conditions you have Your insurance policy and membership numbers Your doctors' names and phone numbers Persons to contact in an emergency Line up help.


Question: What help might you need after your knee replacement surgery?

Answer: You're going to need it while you recover. If you live on your own, recruit a relative or close friend to stay with you for a while. Ask a neighbor to take out the garbage or bring in the mail. Freeze extra meals or stock up your pantry before you head to the hospital.


Question: Why do I need insoluble fiber in my diet if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Insoluble fiber is what your grandmother would call "roughage." It doesn't dissolve. ( If you drop a chunk of celery in water, it just sits there.) It helps to keep things moving through -- and out of -- your system and to balance the chemistry in your intestines.


Question: What foods should I avoid if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Foods with little fiber can cause or make constipation (and therefore hemorrhoids) worse, so it's best to limit how much you eat of them. White bread and bagels Milk, cheese, and other dairy Meat Processed foods such as frozen meals and fast food Watch the amount of salt you eat.


Question: Should I take iron supplements if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Iron supplements can cause constipation and other digestive problems, so talk to your doctor before you take them.


Question: How should I get more fiber in my diet if have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Too much fiber too fast can cause gas and bloating, so add a little bit to your diet at a time if you're not used to it. You'll also need to drink more fluids to help your body use that fiber: 8-10 large glasses (at least a half-gallon) of water every day.


Question: What are the symptoms of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: The symptoms of GIST can have a large impact on your life because they affect your GI tract. You may have severe pain in your abdomen. Eating may become difficult due to nausea, stomach pain, and a feeling of fullness. You may feel fatigue, which may affect your activities of daily living.


Question: How can exercise help with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: Exercise Fatigue may occur, either from the cancer, or from treatment or both. If fatigue is present, exercise is helpful to maintain physical and emotional fitness. Prior to exercising, get medical clearance, a proper exercise program, and exercise limitations.


Question: Are there side effects to treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: GIST treatment may have side effects as well. Talk to your doctor if symptoms or treatment side effects persist or become severe or when symptoms interfere with your life. Talk to your health care provider about any treatment side effects so that your doctor can prescribe supportive medication to help relieve treatment-related symptoms.


Question: What should I eat if I have a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: Diet Eating the right foods is very important when you have GIST. Here are some tips for eating with GIST: The surgery used to treat GIST can cause food to move through the GI tract too quickly. This is known as "dumping syndrome." As a result, you may find it is difficult to eat three large meals a day. If digestion is a problem, try to eat smaller mini-meals or portions every two to three hours. After surgery, vitamin and mineral deficiencies may develop due to a lack of absorption. Therefore, supplements may be helpful. Talk to your doctor about which supplements may be helpful for you. Limit sugary foods and excess fluids, as these can worsen symptoms. Adding more complex carbohydrates and protein to the diet may help you feel better. See a dietitian if possible. A dietitian can help you plan a menu of foods that are more agreeable to the GI tract.


Question: How much sleep do I need if I have a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)?

Answer: Rest To deal with the exhaustion from GIST, get enough rest every day. Sleep for at least 8 hours each night and take short naps during the day if needed. Schedule activities so as to do only as much as can be handled. Choose the time of day when you feel the most energetic. Ask friends and family for help.


Question: What is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and is it curable?

Answer: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a type of cancer known as a soft tissue sarcoma that affects the GI tract. However, GIST has become a treatable disease over time. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following doctor's orders will help improve your treatment experience.


Question: What are the symptoms of vulvodynia?

Answer: These are the most common symptoms of vulvodynia: Burning, stinging, or rawness Aching, soreness, or throbbing Itching You may feel symptoms of vulvodynia: All the time or just once in a while During activities such as exercise, intercourse, or walking -- or even while at rest While bicycling, inserting tampons, or even sitting In one specific area or throughout your entire vulva A burning pain is the single most common symptom of vulvodynia.


Question: What are home remedies for vulvodynia pain?

Answer: These steps may help relieve vulvar pain: Soak in lukewarm or cool sitz baths. After intercourse, apply ice or a frozen gel pack wrapped inside a hand towel. Alternatively, topical heat applied with a heating pad can reduce pain in some women with vulvodynia. Try relaxation techniques.


Question: Can surgery help vulvodynia?

Answer: Physical therapy, which involves exercise to strengthen pelvic muscles and lessen muscle spasms Biofeedback, which helps you learn to relax vaginal muscles to lessen pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, a newer treatment for vulvodynia, has been used to improve pain in other chronic pain conditions If you have a type of localized vulvodynia called provoked vestibulodynia, your doctor may suggest surgery to remove painful tissue, especially if other options have not brought relief. If your doctor does not have experience with surgery for provoked vestibulodynia, consider seeing a gynecologist with a special interest in this condition. Ask your doctor for a referral.


Question: What medications treat vulvodynia?

Answer: Medications may be administered orally, topically or by injection and can include: Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine Topical estrogen creams Tricyclic antidepressants Anticonvulsants Nerve blocks Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Neurostimulation and spinal infusion pump Medications with anti-inflammatory effects such as steroids or mast cell inhibitors Botox In addition, the doctor may recommend complementary or alternative medicine.


Question: How can you help ease pressure of vulvodynia?

Answer: Certain activities put pressure on the vulva. To ease the pressure: Use a water-soluble lubricant during sex. Avoid activities that put direct pressure on the vulva. This includes bicycling and horseback riding. Sit on a foam rubber doughnut.


Question: Are all ADHD treatments for children the same?

Answer: That's because treatment for ADHD is personalized. Kids have different symptoms, and treatment depends on what a child needs.


Question: What stimulant medications do doctors use to begin treatment for children with ADHD?

Answer: Often, treatment starts with a drug such as: Amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR, Adzenys XR- ODT) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Jornay, or Ritalin) These medications come in different forms: Short-acting (immediate-release).


Question: What medication do doctors typically try first for ADHD in children?

Answer: They're often helpful for children and teens who have a hard time at school, work, or home.


Question: What form and dosage of stimulant medication should my child take for ADHD?

Answer: Kids have different symptoms, and treatment depends on what a child needs.


Question: Do ADHD medications cause side effects?

Answer: Many medications that treat ADHD have side effects. Make sure you know what to expect and what to look for before your child starts a medicine. Watch for unusual behavior changes while your child is on any medicine, and report them to your doctor. Also let him know if a medicine isn't working or if it's causing side effects.


Question: How is atomoxetine (Strattera) used to treat ADHD?

Answer: ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA. It's for kids ages 6 and older. It works by increasing the amount of the chemical norepinephrine in the brain. This helps lessen ADHD symptoms such as hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.


Question: Does venlafaxine (Effexor) help children with ADHD?

Answer: In its extended-release form, this drug can be used for children with ADHD and mood or anxiety issues.


Question: What are the treatment options for children with ADHD?

Answer: The options include: A single medicine A combination of different types of medicine (adjunctive therapy) Medicine plus behavioral therapy Your doctor might try different treatments to find what works best for your child.


Question: If my child already takes a MAO inhibitor antidepressant, can they still add antidepressant medication for treatment of ADHD?

Answer: Children who already take a MAO inhibitor antidepressant shouldn't take these medications.


Question: What nonstimulant drugs are approved to treat ADHD in children?

Answer: ( All three can be used as adjunctive therapy, along with a stimulant. ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA.


Question: Do imipramine (tofranil) and nortriptyline (pamelor) help children with ADHD?

Answer: Imipramine ( Tofranil)and nortriptyline ( Pamelor) are two others. These are called tricyclic antidepressants, and they affect the neurotransmitters in your brain. They've been around for a while but are used less often due to their side effects.


Question: How are clonidine and guanfacine used to treat ADHD?

Answer: Clonidine and guanfacine were originally made to treat high blood pressure. But they affect certain chemical receptors in the brain and can help improve: Memory Attention Impulse control Hyperactivity Agitation Aggression They're long-acting extended-release drugs and can last for 12 to 24 hours.


Question: What are the serious side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The longer you take a steroid, the more likely you'll get one or more of these: High blood pressure High blood sugar Osteoporosis, or weak bones that break easily Cataracts Glaucoma Steroids slow your immune system.


Question: What types of steroids treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: The ones most often used for Crohn's include: Prednisone ( Prednicot, Rayos, Sterapred) Methylprednisolone ( Medrol, Depo- Medrol) Hydrocortisone Budesonide ( Entocort EC, Uceris ) Budesonide is a newer kind of steroid that can have fewer side effects. But it's not right for everyone. It's used only for people with mild to moderate Crohn's in certain parts of your bowel.


Question: What are common side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The longer you take a steroid, the more likely you'll get one or more of these: High blood pressure High blood sugar Osteoporosis, or weak bones that break easily Cataracts Glaucoma Steroids slow your immune system. That can make it harder for your body to fight off infections. While you take them, you're more likely to have: Genital yeast infection Mouth yeast infection, or thrush Urinary tract infection ( UTI) Most people with Crohn's take steroids for only a few weeks or months at a time.


Question: What do I do if I have side effects from taking steroids for my Crohn's disease?

Answer: While you take them, you're more likely to have: Genital yeast infection Mouth yeast infection, or thrush Urinary tract infection ( UTI) Most people with Crohn's take steroids for only a few weeks or months at a time. You'll cut back on your dosage, and as you lower the amount, most side effects should ease up and go away on their own. It's important that you don't just stop your medicine. If you have trouble with side effects, call your doctor. He can lower your dosage or have you take your steroids every other day.


Question: How do you take steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: You'll probably start with the pill form of the drug. It goes into your bloodstream and spreads throughout your body. But you may need the steroids to help only in a small area. This can help with side effects because the medication goes only where you have inflammation. These options include: Suppositories that go into your rectum and dissolve Enemas Rectal foams Ask your doctor if one of these could work for you.


Question: Can moisturizer help venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: A moisturizer can help with dry skin and keep the area soft. Choose one that has no fragrance, dyes, or perfumes so it doesn't irritate your skin. Petroleum jelly and thick creams can be good options.


Question: What are ways to get fluid moving in your legs?

Answer: Because circulation is the main issue, your doctor may suggest surgery to repair your veins. Whether or not that is an option, there are other ways to get the fluid moving in your legs: Wear compression stockings. They ease swelling and improve blood flow. Keep your feet elevated above your heart. When you can, do it for 15 minutes every 2 hours and while you sleep. Don't stand still for too long. Walk around often.


Question: What are other symptoms of venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: The skin around or above your ankles looks reddish, yellowish, or a brown color Varicose veins, which look twisted, bulging, and dark purple or blue Itching Pain Sores that ooze, crust, or look scaly Thickened skin around your ankles or shins Hair loss on ankles or shins The condition often affects people who have circulation problems.


Question: What are some conditions that make you more likely to get venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: Some conditions that make you more likely to get venous stasis dermatitis include: High blood pressure Varicose veins Being very overweight Heart conditions such as congestive heart failure Kidney failure A blood clot, especially in your leg Many pregnancies Past surgery or injury in the area You also may be more likely to have it if you usually stand or sit for long periods of time or you don't get much exercise.


Question: How can you treat pain, redness, or swelling from venous stasis dermatitis?

Answer: To treat pain, redness, or swelling, your doctor may give you a steroid or other medicine to rub on your ankles and legs. An antihistamine pill or cream might help if your legs are itchy. You might need to wrap the area with a medicated dressing to help it heal. If you have an infection, your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic pill or cream.


Question: What happens during and after a parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test?

Answer: Blood is taken from a vein in your arm. The person drawing blood may tie a rubber band around your upper arm first. This, along with making a fist, can help make the veins more visible near the surface of the skin. The needle that enters the vein is attached to a small test tube. Only a little blood is needed for a PTH test. Once enough blood has been drawn, the technician will remove the needle and put a bandage on you. The blood sample is then sent to a lab where it will be measured for PTH, calcium, and possibly hormones, minerals, or other substances.


Question: What supplements are risky for your liver if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Some common natural products that can be risky for your liver are: Chaparral Jin Bu Huan Germander Comfrey, mate, and Gordolobo yerba teas Mistletoe Skullcap Pennyroyal (squaw mint oil) Margosa oil Kava Yohimbe Weight loss products can also harm your liver. So can large doses of vitamin and mineral supplements, including: Iron Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K In general, good nutrition may help your liver form new cells.


Question: What should you avoid if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Don't drink any alcohol unless your doctor says it's OK. It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Recreational drugs in general are no good for your liver. For example, marijuana may lead to faster liver scarring. And using a needle to inject substances can raise your odds of getting reinfected with hep C. If you're a smoker, you need to quit. It can make you more likely to get liver cancer. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: What should you know about taking supplements for hepatitis C?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking any of these if you have hepatitis C. Some of them may cause severe liver injury. It's also important to keep in mind that supplements and herbs aren't regulated by the FDA the way medications are. They don't go through the same tough testing to see if they're safe and effective.


Question: What natural products should I avoid if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: Some common natural products that can be risky for your liver are: Chaparral Jin Bu Huan Germander Comfrey, mate, and Gordolobo yerba teas Mistletoe Skullcap Pennyroyal (squaw mint oil) Margosa oil Kava Yohimbe Weight loss products can also harm your liver.


Question: Why should I avoid alcohol, illegal drugs, and cigarettes if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: It can speed up damage to your liver cells. Recreational drugs in general are no good for your liver. For example, marijuana may lead to faster liver scarring. And using a needle to inject substances can raise your odds of getting reinfected with hep C. If you're a smoker, you need to quit. It can make you more likely to get liver cancer. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: How does bipolar disorder affect PMS?

Answer: These studies suggest that women with mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, experience more severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ( PMS). Other research has shown that women whose disorders are treated appropriately actually have less fluctuation in mood over the course of the menstrual cycle.


Question: What's the link between valproic acid and PCOS?

Answer: Girls and young women who are taking valproic acid should see their doctors regularly for monitoring. That's because the drug may rarely increase levels of the male hormone testosterone and lead to polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). PCOS is a condition that affects the ovaries and leads to obesity, excess body hair, and irregular menstrual cycles.


Question: How does bipolar disorder differ between women and men?

Answer: But there are some differences between the sexes in the way the condition is experienced. For example, a woman is likely to have more symptoms of depression than mania. And female hormones and reproductive factors may influence the condition and its treatment.


Question: What are the side effects of lithium in women with bipolar disorder?

Answer: The use of lithium may lead to low levels of thyroid hormone in some people, which can affect symptoms of bipolar disorder. If thyroid hormone is low, thyroid hormone medication is needed. Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies.


Question: When do doctors consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for pregnant women with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies. During ECT, doctors monitor the baby's heart rate and oxygen levels for potential problems, which can be treated if necessary.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: You may have no symptoms for a while. Over time, you may have: Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, stomach, or groin. Lymph nodes are pea-sized glands in these and other areas of your body. Shortness of breath Pain or fullness in your stomach, which may be because the disease has made your spleen bigger Fatigue Night sweats Fever and infections Loss of appetite and weight If you have one or more swollen lymph nodes, your doctor may ask: Have you had any recent infections?


Question: What are considerations about treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: If yours is in the early stages or it's not causing any problems, you probably don't need treatment. Studies show that it doesn't help. Even so, you should keep up with all your doctor visits. Your doctor will closely check to make sure your condition hasn't changed. You may start treatment if your doctor notices a change, like the number of lymphocytes in your blood goes up quickly, there's a drop in the number of your red blood cells, or a lymph node is getting bigger.


Question: What are some questions for your doctor about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: What's the stage of my leukemia? Do I need treatment now? If not, how will we know when I need treatment? Will I need other tests before we decide? Should I get a second opinion? What are the side effects of treatment? How will it affect my daily life? What will we do if the leukemia returns?


Question: How should you take care of yourself if you have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: CLL treatment can cause side effects such as nausea and fatigue in some people. If it happens to you, let your doctor know, so you can manage the problems. Ask your doctor about anti-nausea drugs. Therapeutic massage and acupuncture may also help control nausea and vomiting. Try walking, restorative yoga, breathing exercises, and meditation to curb fatigue and boost energy. On days when your energy and mood are low, set one small goal for the day. Take a walk, talk with a friend, or take a relaxing shower.


Question: What causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: In most cases, doctors don't know what causes CLL. You're more likely to get it if: You have a parent, sibling, or child who has CLL. You're middle-aged or older. You're a white man. You have relatives who are either Eastern European or Russian Jews.


Question: What does sexual orientation mean?

Answer: Sexual orientation is usually divided into three categories: Heterosexual: attracted to individuals of the opposite sex Bisexual: attracted to members of either sex Homosexual: attracted to individuals of one's own sex Sexual orientation involves a person's feelings and sense of identity; it may or may not be evident in the person's appearance or behavior. People may have attractions to people of the same or opposite sex, but may elect not to act on these feelings.


Question: How can a person's sexual orientation be changed?

Answer: Most experts agree that sexual orientation is not a choice and, therefore, cannot be changed. Some people who are homosexual or bisexual may hide their sexual orientation and live as heterosexuals to avoid prejudice against people who are homosexual and bisexual.


Question: What are the categories of sexual orientation?

Answer: Sexual orientation is usually divided into three categories: Heterosexual: attracted to individuals of the opposite sex Bisexual: attracted to members of either sex Homosexual: attracted to individuals of one's own sex Sexual orientation involves a person's feelings and sense of identity; it may or may not be evident in the person's appearance or behavior.


Question: Why are some people homosexual or bisexual?

Answer: Most scientists today agree that sexual orientation (including homosexuality and bisexuality) is the result of a combination of environmental, emotional, hormonal, and biological factors. In other words, there are many factors that contribute to a person's sexual orientation, and the factors may be different for different people. However, homosexuality and bisexuality are not caused by the way a child was reared by his or her parents, or by having a sexual experience with someone of the same sex when the person was young. Also, being homosexual or bisexual does not mean the person is mentally ill or abnormal in some way, although there may be social problems that result from prejudicial attitudes or misinformation.


Question: Can a cold increase the chances of laryngospasm?

Answer: Coughs from a cold can push more acid into the larynx, so a recent or current upper respiratory infection may increase the likelihood of developing laryngospasm.


Question: Is laryngospasm related to GERD?

Answer: Regular exposure to stomach acids can damage and inflame the delicate lining of the esophagus. This damage can lead to momentary spasms of the vocal cords, which close the airway and prevent air and oxygen from getting into the lungs. When stomach acids reach the larynx, the condition is called laryngopharyngeal reflux or LPR. The tissues of the larynx are even more delicate and prone to injury than the esophagus.


Question: Is laryngospasm related to SIDS?

Answer: In addition to experiencing laryngospasm episodes, people with this condition will typically have symptoms of GERD, which include: Chest pain Coughing Difficulty swallowing Heartburn Hoarseness Nausea Sore throat or need to clear the throat Experts say that in infants with GERD, laryngospasm might be involved in sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS).


Question: What are symptoms of laryngospasm?

Answer: When laryngospasm occurs, people describe the sensation of choking and are unable to breathe or speak. Sometimes, the episodes occur in the middle of the night. A person may suddenly awaken feeling as though he or she is suffocating. This condition is called sleep-related laryngospasm. It also is often related to GERD. Some people will actually lose consciousness during these episodes. As the airways slowly open, the person will make a high-pitched breathing sound (called stridor). The entire episode lasts only a minute or two before breathing returns to normal. But the experience can be terrifying.


Question: How you treat laryngospasm caused by anesthesia?

Answer: In children who develop laryngospasm as a complication of anesthesia during surgery, treatment usually involves moving the head and neck to open the airway. It also involves using a machine (continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP) to deliver air directly into the airway. Some children need to have a tube placed into the throat to assist with breathing.


Question: How can you prevent laryngospasm?

Answer: You can also relieve GERD and LPR, and help prevent laryngospasm, by following these lifestyle tips: Avoid common heartburn triggers, such as fruit and fruit juices, caffeine, fatty foods, and peppermint. Eat smaller meals, and stop eating two to three hours before bedtime. If you smoke, quit. Also, limit alcohol consumption. Raise the head of your bed a few inches by putting wood blocks under the bedpost. Avoid allergies triggers. Breathing techniques including slow breathing and staying calm also may help.


Question: How effective are bedwetting alarms?

Answer: Bedwetting Alarms Bedwetting alarms have become the mainstay of treatment. Up to 70%-90% of children stop bedwetting after using these alarms for 4-6 months.


Question: How common is epilepsy?

Answer: About 30% occur in children. Children and elderly adults are the ones most often affected. There is a clear cause for epilepsy in only a minority of the cases.


Question: What causes seizures in people with epilepsy?

Answer: Although the underlying causes of epilepsy are usually not known, certain factors are known to provoke seizures in people with epilepsy. Avoiding these triggers can help you avoid seizures and live better with epilepsy: Missing medication doses Heavy alcohol use Cocaine or other drug, such as ecstasy, use Lack of sleep Other drugs that interfere with seizure medications For about one out of every two women with epilepsy, seizures tend to occur more around the time of menstrual periods. Changing or adding certain drugs before menstrual periods can help.


Question: What causes epilepsy?

Answer: There is a clear cause for epilepsy in only a minority of the cases. Typically, the known causes of seizure involve some injury to the brain. Some of the main causes of epilepsy include: Low oxygen during birth Head injuries that occur during birth or from accidents during youth or adulthood Brain tumors Genetic conditions that result in brain injury, such as tuberous sclerosis Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis Stroke or any other type of damage to the brain Abnormal levels of substances such as sodium or blood sugar In up to 70% of all case of epilepsy in adults and children, no cause can be discovered.


Question: What are seizures?

Answer: A seizure occurs when a burst of electrical impulses in the brain escape their normal limits. They spread to neighboring areas and create an uncontrolled storm of electrical activity. The electrical impulses can be transmitted to the muscles, causing twitches or convulsions.


Question: When do you need a feeding tube?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you have trouble swallowing or can't eat or drink enough through your mouth, you may need a feeding tube. You may get one through your nose or mouth for a few days or weeks while you recover from an illness. But if you have long-term or serious reasons why you're unable to eat, such as dementia or terminal cancer, you may have a fairly simple surgery called a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG).


Question: How is widow maker heart attack treated?

Answer: You're more likely to have heart attacks if you: Smoke Are obese Eat a lot of unhealthy foods Are over 45 (men) or 55 (women) Don't exercise Have high blood pressure Have uncontrolled diabetes Have a family history of heart disease You may survive a widow maker if the emergency room doctors can treat you quickly. The ER team races against time to unblock your left main or LAD artery within 90 minutes of your heart attack. Restoring the blood flow can prevent scars on your heart that can do permanent damage. Usually, you won't need surgery. Instead, your doctors most likely will need to place one or more stents.


Question: Who is more likely to have a widow maker heart attack?

Answer: You're more likely to have heart attacks if you: Smoke Are obese Eat a lot of unhealthy foods Are over 45 (men) or 55 (women) Don't exercise Have high blood pressure Have uncontrolled diabetes Have a family history of heart disease You may survive a widow maker if the emergency room doctors can treat you quickly.


Question: What are signs of dehydration in children?

Answer: What signs of dehydration should we watch for?


Question: Are some children more prone to dehydration or heat illness than others?

Answer: One of the biggest risk factors: a previous episode of dehydration or heat illness. Other factors that can put your child at greater risk for heat illness include obesity, recent illness (especially if the child has been vomiting or has had diarrhea), and use of antihistamines or diuretics. Lack of acclimatization to hot weather and exercising beyond their level of fitness can also lead to heat illness in young athletes. "


Question: What drugs can lower stomach acid?

Answer: Drugs to decrease stomach acid include: Antacids such as Mylanta and Maalox Histamine-2 ( H2) blockers such as Axid, Pepcid, Tagamet, or Zantac Proton-pump inhibitors such as Nexium, Prilosec, Prevacid, Aciphex, Zegerid, and Protonix Researchers aren't sure whether decreasing stomach acid lessens reflux in infants.


Question: What are the most common symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children?

Answer: The most common symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children are: Frequent or recurrent vomiting Frequent or persistent cough or wheezing Refusing to eat or difficulty eating (choking or gagging with feeding) Heartburn, gas, abdominal pain, or colicky behavior (frequent crying and fussiness) associated with feeding or immediately after Regurgitation and re-swallowing Complaining of a sour taste in their mouth, especially in the morning Many other symptoms are sometimes blamed on GERD, but much of the time, we really aren't sure whether reflux actually causes them.


Question: What are treatments for acid reflux in older children?

Answer: For older children: Elevate the head of the child's bed. Keep the child upright for at least two hours after eating. Serve several small meals throughout the day, rather than three large meals. Make sure your child is not overeating. Limit foods and beverages that seem to worsen your child's reflux such as high fat, fried or spicy foods, carbonation, and caffeine. Encourage your child to get regular exercise. If the reflux is severe or doesn't get better, your doctor may recommend medication.


Question: What are treatments for acid reflux in babies?

Answer: There are a variety of lifestyle measures you can try for acid reflux in babies and older children: For babies: Elevate the head of the baby's crib or bassinet. Hold the baby upright for 30 minutes after a feeding. Thicken bottle feedings with cereal (do not do this without your doctor's approval). Feed your baby smaller amounts of food more often. Try solid food (with your doctor's approval).


Question: How safe are drugs that neutralize or reduce stomach acid for children?

Answer: For the most part, drugs that decrease intestinal gas or neutralize stomach acid (antacids) are very safe. At high doses, antacids can cause some side effects, such as diarrhea. Chronic use of very high doses of Maalox or Mylanta may be associated with an increased risk of rickets (thinning of the bones). Side effects from medications that inhibit the production of stomach acid are uncommon. A small number of children may develop some sleepiness when they take Zantac, Pepcid, Axid, or Tagamet.


Question: What should I do if there's a strange particle in my eye?

Answer: For a Foreign Particle in Eye Don't rub the eye. Pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If rinsing doesn't help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.


Question: When should I call 911 for an eye injury?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal is sticking out of the eye.


Question: What should do if my eye is exposed to chemicals?

Answer: Immediately wash out the eye with lots of water. Use whatever is closest -- water fountain, shower, garden hose. Get medical help while you are doing this, or after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous flushing Don't bandage the eye. 2. For a Blow to the Eye Apply a cold compress, but don't put pressure on the eye.


Question: What should I do if I get hit in the eye?

Answer: For a Blow to the Eye Apply a cold compress, but don't put pressure on the eye. Take over-the-counter acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain. If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away.


Question: What is the treatment for an eye injury from a blow to the eye?

Answer: If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away. 3. For a Foreign Particle in Eye Don't rub the eye.


Question: What is the treatment for an eye injury from a foreign particle in the eye?

Answer: For a Foreign Particle in Eye Don't rub the eye. Pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If rinsing doesn't help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.


Question: When should you call 911 for eye injuries?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal is sticking out of the eye.


Question: What are potential side effects of Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Potential side effects of levonorgestrel include: nausea abdominal pain fatigue headache menstrual changes dizziness breast tenderness vomiting If you vomit within two hours after taking the drug, call a healthcare professional to find out if you should repeat the dose.


Question: Does Plan B One-Step cause a miscarriage or abortion?

Answer: Levonorgestrel is not the same as RU-486, which is an abortion pill. It does not cause a miscarriage or abortion. In other words, it does not stop development of a fetus once the fertilized egg implants in the uterus. So it will not work if you are already pregnant when you take it.


Question: How safe is Plan B One-Step?

Answer: But it's a good idea to ask your doctor about possible interactions with other medications. Levonorgestrel is considered safe for most women. You should not take it if you are pregnant because it will not end the pregnancy.


Question: When shouldn't you take Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Do not take levonorgestrel if: You know you are pregnant or suspect you might be. You have a history of allergy or hypersensitivity to its ingredients. You have a history of recent abnormal vaginal bleeding that your doctor has not yet evaluated.


Question: Who can take Plan B One-Step?

Answer: You can take levonorgestrel if: You didn't use any birth control. The condom came off or broke. The diaphragm slipped out of place. You missed at least two or three active birth control pills in a row. You forgot to insert your ring or apply your patch. Your partner didn't pull out in time. You have another reason to think your birth control might not have worked. You were forced to have sex. Remember: levonorgestrel will not protect you from getting pregnant if you have sex after taking the pills. Instead, you need to take it right after you have unprotected sex.


Question: How effective is Plan B One-Step?

Answer: If you take it within 72 hours after you've had unprotected sex, levonorgestrel can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89%. If you take Plan B One- Step within 24 hours, it is about 95% effective. But you should know that Plan B One- Step is not as effective as regular contraception. So don't take it as your main form of birth control. And, it does not protect you against sexually transmitted diseases. Think of it as a backup -- not for routine use. That's why it's called Plan B. Levonorgestrel can be purchased over the counter at drugstores without a prescription or proof of age.


Question: When should you call a doctor about Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Potential side effects of levonorgestrel include: nausea abdominal pain fatigue headache menstrual changes dizziness breast tenderness vomiting If you vomit within two hours after taking the drug, call a healthcare professional to find out if you should repeat the dose.


Question: How does Plan B One-Step work?

Answer: Depending upon where you are in your cycle, levonorgestrel may work in one of these ways: It may prevent or delay ovulation. It may interfere with fertilization of an egg. It is also possible that this type of emergency birth control prevents implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus by altering its lining.


Question: How can exercise help to manage borderline cholesterol levels?

Answer: Exercise helps you get your cholesterol down from the borderline range. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day. Taking a brisk walk, riding your bike, playing a team sport, or taking a group fitness class will increase your heart rate while raising HDL ("good") cholesterol.


Question: Can vitamins help treat epilepsy?

Answer: Vitamins Although vitamins are necessary for good health, large doses of vitamins do not improve the symptoms of epilepsy and may even be harmful. You should get most of your vitamins from food by eating a balanced diet. If necessary, vitamin supplements such as folic acid can help deal with vitamin loss caused by medication. People with epilepsy taking seizure medications do appear to have an increased need for calcium and vitamin D to help keep their bones healthy. However, you should first check with your doctor before taking vitamins or supplements. Pregnant women also need sufficient folic acid to help prevent birth defects.


Question: How does kidney exchange work?

Answer: Another possibility is called paired kidney exchange in which recipients who have donors that are not compatible can enter programs where they are able to "swap" donors. Those who need a transplant often ask if they can buy an organ.


Question: What is organ transplantation?

Answer: Organ transplantation -- the surgical removal of a healthy organ from one person and its transplantation into another person whose organ has failed or was injured -- is often lifesaving and gives the recipient a wonderful new lease on life. But organ transplantation is also a major surgery that carries potential risks and drawbacks, such as the chance of organ rejection.


Question: What are the worst choices of drink if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices Unflavored water or flavored sparkling water Unsweetened tea with or without a slice of lemon Light beer, small amounts of wine, or non-fruity mixed drinks Coffee, black or with added low-fat milk and sugar substitute Worst Choices Regular sodas Regular beer, fruity mixed drinks, dessert wines Sweetened tea Coffee with sugar and cream Flavored coffees and chocolate drinks Energy drinks


Question: What are the best dairy choices if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices 1% or skim milk Low-fat yogurt Low-fat cottage cheese Low-fat or nonfat sour cream Worst Choices Whole milk Regular yogurt Regular cottage cheese Regular sour cream Regular ice cream Regular half-and-half They're tough to resist.


Question: Which vegetables are the best if you have diabetes?

Answer: Low sodium or unsalted canned vegetables Go for a variety of colors: dark greens, red or orange (think of carrots or red peppers), whites (onions) and even purple (eggplants). The 2015 U. S. guidelines recommend 2.5 cups of veggies per day.


Question: What should you check for in drinks if you have diabetes?

Answer: You'll get fiber and very little fat or salt (unless you add them).


Question: Which proteins are the worst if you have diabetes?

Answer: Worst Choices Fried meats Higher-fat cuts of meat, such as ribs Pork bacon Regular cheeses Poultry with skin Deep-fried fish Deep-fried tofu Beans prepared with lard Keep it low in fat.


Question: Which drinks are the worst if you have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices Unflavored water or flavored sparkling water Unsweetened tea with or without a slice of lemon Light beer, small amounts of wine, or non-fruity mixed drinks Coffee, black or with added low-fat milk and sugar substitute Worst Choices Regular sodas Regular beer, fruity mixed drinks, dessert wines Sweetened tea Coffee with sugar and cream Flavored coffees and chocolate drinks Energy drinks


Question: Which dairy products are the worst if you have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices 1% or skim milk Low-fat yogurt Low-fat cottage cheese Low-fat or nonfat sour cream Worst Choices Whole milk Regular yogurt Regular cottage cheese Regular sour cream Regular ice cream Regular half-and-half They're tough to resist.


Question: How do fats, oils, and sweets affect you if you have diabetes?

Answer: But it's easy to get too much and gain weight, which makes it harder to manage your diabetes.


Question: How much vegetables should you eat if you have diabetes?

Answer: You'll get fiber and very little fat or salt (unless you add them). Remember, potatoes and corn count as carbs.


Question: Which starches are the best if you have diabetes?

Answer: Your body needs carbs. But you want to choose wisely. Use this list as a guide. Best Choices Whole grains, such as brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa, millet, or amaranth Baked sweet potato Items made with whole grains and no (or very little) added sugar Worst Choices Processed grains, such as white rice or white flour Cereals with little whole grains and lots of sugar White bread French fries Fried white-flour tortillas Load up!


Question: Which vegetables are the worst if you have diabetes?

Answer: Worst Choices Canned vegetables with lots of added sodium Veggies cooked with lots of added butter, cheese, or sauce Pickles, if you need to limit sodium.


Question: What are the worst dairy choices if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices 1% or skim milk Low-fat yogurt Low-fat cottage cheese Low-fat or nonfat sour cream Worst Choices Whole milk Regular yogurt Regular cottage cheese Regular sour cream Regular ice cream Regular half-and-half They're tough to resist.


Question: What are the best carbs to eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Your body needs carbs. But you want to choose wisely. Use this list as a guide. Best Choices Whole grains, such as brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa, millet, or amaranth Baked sweet potato Items made with whole grains and no (or very little) added sugar Worst Choices Processed grains, such as white rice or white flour Cereals with little whole grains and lots of sugar White bread French fries Fried white-flour tortillas Load up!


Question: What fats, oils, and sweets can I have if I have diabetes?

Answer: But it's easy to get too much and gain weight, which makes it harder to manage your diabetes. Best Choices Natural sources of vegetable fats, such as nuts, seeds, or avocados (high in calories, so keep portions small) Foods that give you omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, or mackerel Plant-based oils, such as canola, grapeseed, or olive oils Worst Choices Anything with trans fat in it.


Question: Which fats, oils, and sweets are the best if you have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices Natural sources of vegetable fats, such as nuts, seeds, or avocados (high in calories, so keep portions small) Foods that give you omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, or mackerel Plant-based oils, such as canola, grapeseed, or olive oils Worst Choices Anything with trans fat in it.


Question: How are fruits good for you if you have diabetes?

Answer: They give you carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Most are naturally low in fat and sodium.


Question: What are the best protein choices if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices The American Diabetes Association lists these as the top options: Plant-based proteins such as beans, nuts, seeds, or tofu Fish and seafood Chicken and other poultry ( Choose the breast meat if possible.) Eggs and low-fat dairy If you eat meat, keep it low in fat. Trim the skin off of poultry.


Question: Should I eat fruit if I have diabetes?

Answer: They give you carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Most are naturally low in fat and sodium.


Question: Where can I find plant-based protein?

Answer: Try to include some plant-based protein from beans, nuts, or tofu, even if you're not a vegetarian or vegan. You'll get nutrients and fiber that aren't in animal products.


Question: What protein can I eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Best Choices Fresh fruit Plain frozen fruit or fruit canned without added sugar Sugar-free or low-sugar jam or preserves No-sugar-added applesauce Worst Choices Canned fruit with heavy sugar syrup Chewy fruit rolls Regular jam, jelly, and preserves (unless you have a very small portion) Sweetened applesauce Fruit punch, fruit drinks, fruit juice drinks You have lots of choices, including beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, seafood, beans, cheese, eggs, nuts, and tofu.


Question: Is blood in the urine a sign of cancer?

Answer: When it shows up in your pee, blood could be a warning sign of a problem in your urinary tract. Kidney or bladder cancer can cause this symptom, but it could also be due to an infection, kidney stones, or kidney disease.


Question: Could bleeding between periods or after menopause be a sign of cancer?

Answer: When it happens after menopause or outside of normal periods, cervical or endometrial cancer is a possibility. Call your doctor if you have any bleeding that's unusual for you.


Question: Could a fever that doesn't go away be a sign of cancer?

Answer: When your temperature goes up, it's usually a sign you've caught an infection. But some cancers, including lymphoma, leukemia, and kidney and liver cancers, can also make that happen. Cancer fevers often rise and fall during the day, and sometimes they peak at the same time. See your doctor if you have a temperature of over 100.5 degrees F that lasts for more than a few days.


Question: Could weight loss be a sign of cancer?

Answer: As many as 2 of 5 people who are diagnosed with cancer have lost weight. There's no obvious cause. Get any unexplained weight loss checked out.


Question: Could swollen lymph nodes be a sign of cancer?

Answer: Lumps in the side of your neck are most likely from strep throat or another infection. Less often, cancers like lymphoma or leukemia can make the lymph nodes swell up. Breast cancer that has spread can cause swelling in lymph nodes under the arms. If the swelling doesn't go away in a week or so, have your doctor take a look.


Question: Could a lump in the testicle be a sign of cancer?

Answer: A painless one is a possible warning sign of testicular cancer. Yet the bump could also be from an injury, fluid buildup, or a hernia. It's hard to tell the cause from your symptoms alone, so go to your doctor for an exam.


Question: Could a cough that doesn't go away be a sign of cancer?

Answer: A cold or the flu can make you hack away, but it's also a potential symptom of lung cancer, along with red flags like chest pain, weight loss, hoarseness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. See your doctor if you can't seem to shake it, especially if you're a smoker.


Question: Could blood in the urine or semen be a sign of cancer?

Answer: A pink, brown, or red tinge to your pee or semen is usually nothing to panic over. Infections, kidney stones, injuries, and noncancerous prostate growth can all cause bleeding. Less often, bladder or prostate cancer might be to blame. Your doctor can do urine tests and other exams to find the source of the blood.


Question: Could extreme fatigue be a sign of cancer?

Answer: It's one of the most common cancer symptoms. We're not talking about a normal type of tiredness here -- it's exhaustion that doesn't go away. If changing your activity level or getting more sleep doesn't make you perk up, see your doctor.


Question: Could night sweats be a sign of cancer?

Answer: In middle-aged women, it can be a symptom of menopause, but it's also a symptom of cancer or an infection.


Question: Could a lump in the neck be a sign of cancer?

Answer: It could be an infection, but it's also an early warning of mouth, throat, thyroid, and voice box (larynx) cancers. Cancer lumps usually don't hurt. If you have one that doesn't go away or grows, see your doctor.


Question: Could a breast lump or change be a sign of cancer?

Answer: Although it's a hallmark symptom of breast cancer, most lumps aren't cancer. They're often fluid-filled cysts or noncancerous tumors. Still, see your doctor right away if you find any new or changing growths in your breasts, just to make sure. Also get these changes checked out: Redness or scaling of the skin over the breast Breast pain Nipple changes Lump under your arm Fluid that isn't breast milk leaking from the nipple Bleeding between periods or after menopause.


Question: How are night sweats a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: In middle-aged women, it can be a symptom of menopause, but it's also a symptom of cancer or an infection.


Question: How are breast lumps a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: Although it's a hallmark symptom of breast cancer, most lumps aren't cancer. They're often fluid-filled cysts or noncancerous tumors. Still, see your doctor right away if you find any new or changing growths in your breasts, just to make sure.


Question: How is losing weight a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: As many as 2 of 5 people who are diagnosed with cancer have lost weight. There's no obvious cause. Get any unexplained weight loss checked out.


Question: How are lumps in the testicles a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: A painless one is a possible warning sign of testicular cancer. Yet the bump could also be from an injury, fluid buildup, or a hernia. It's hard to tell the cause from your symptoms alone, so go to your doctor for an exam.


Question: How is coughing a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: A cold or the flu can make you hack away, but it's also a potential symptom of lung cancer, along with red flags like chest pain, weight loss, hoarseness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. See your doctor if you can't seem to shake it, especially if you're a smoker.


Question: What should someone do if they think they have symptoms of cancer?

Answer: Play it smart when you notice anything that could be a serious health problem, like cancer. Talk to your doctor and get it checked out. In general, disease is easier to treat when you spot it early.


Question: How is blood in urine or semen a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: A pink, brown, or red tinge to your pee or semen is usually nothing to panic over. Infections, kidney stones, injuries, and noncancerous prostate growth can all cause bleeding. Less often, bladder or prostate cancer might be to blame. Your doctor can do urine tests and other exams to find the source of the blood.


Question: How are fevers a warning sign of cancer?

Answer: When your temperature goes up, it's usually a sign you've caught an infection. But some cancers, including lymphoma, leukemia, and kidney and liver cancers, can also make that happen. Cancer fevers often rise and fall during the day, and sometimes they peak at the same time. See your doctor if you have a temperature of over 100.5 degrees F that lasts for more than a few days.


Question: What are common names for seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer: These medical conditions can also raise your risk: Acne AIDS Alcoholism Depression Eating disorders Epilepsy Heart attack or stroke recovery Parkinson's disease Psoriasis Rosacea Dandruff and cradle cap are common names for seborrheic dermatitis. Babies 3 months and younger often get cradle cap: crusty yellow or brown scales on their scalp. It usually goes away before they're a year old, although it can come back when they reach puberty.


Question: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in adults?

Answer: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo.


Question: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in babies?

Answer: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo. If that doesn't help, talk to your pediatrician about medicated shampoos before you try one. A dandruff shampoo could irritate your baby's scalp. To soften thick patches first, rub mineral oil onto the area and brush gently with a baby hairbrush to help peel the scales off.


Question: How can magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?

Answer: Magnetic resonance arteriography ( MRA): This test provides images of blood vessels to show where they may be blocked. In general, this is used to look at larger arteries (those of the neck or other parts of the body) rather than the small arteries supplying blood to the heart.


Question: What high blood pressure drugs can help with treating atherosclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe drugs to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of atherosclerosis. High blood pressure drugs include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and/or alpha blockers.


Question: What is the treatment for atherosclerosis?

Answer: In general, the treatment for atherosclerosis includes making changes to diet, increasing exercise, and often using medications to reduce blood cholesterol levels. Other treatments may include angioplasty and stenting for severe blockages. In some cases, open heart (bypass) surgery may even be required.


Question: How can carotid ultrasound help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?

Answer: Carotid ultrasound: This test uses ultrasound waves to provide pictures of blood flow in the arteries of the neck. Because atherosclerosis affects arteries in general, detecting blockages in the neck arteries suggests that it is highly likely that blockages are present in other parts of the circulatory system (including the coronary arteries).


Question: How can cardiac catheterization help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?

Answer: Cardiac catheterization: During this procedure, a catheter -- a small flexible tube -- is inserted into an artery and guided up to the coronary arteries, at which point dye is injected through the tube and observed as it flows inside those arteries. This allows the doctor an opportunity to directly locate and measure any blockages in the coronary arteries. During a cardiac catheterization, a cardiologist may also be able to open up any clogged arteries detected with a procedure called an angioplasty.


Question: How can computed tomography (CT) scan help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?

Answer: Computed tomography ( CT) scan: An X-ray and a computer are used to construct a cross-sectional image of the heart. This can provide information about the presence of calcium in heart arteries (an indication of underlying atherosclerosis). Some CT scanners are also able to provide much more detailed pictures of the heart arteries, yielding information similar to that obtained from a coronary angiogram.


Question: Can surgery treat hemorrhoids?

Answer: For large internal hemorrhoids or extremely uncomfortable external hemorrhoids, your doctor may want to do a traditional hemorrhoidectomy to remove them, or newer techniques using staples or a Doppler sensor to identify and cut off the blood supply.


Question: How can coagulation or cauterization be used to treat hemorrhoids?

Answer: With an electric probe, a laser beam, or an infrared light, your doctor will make a tiny burn to remove tissue and painlessly seal the end of the hemorrhoid, causing it to close off and shrink. This works best for prolapsed hemorrhoids.


Question: Can "sitz baths" help with hemorrhoids?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Warm (but not hot) "sitz baths" are a time-honored therapy: Sit in about 3 inches of warm water for 15 minutes or so, several times a day. This helps reduce swelling in the area and relaxes your clenching sphincter muscle. It's especially good after pooping.


Question: How can I protect myself from pneumonia?

Answer: Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are similar to the flu, and include: Fever Dry cough Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Muscle pain Added symptoms that may occur about a day later include: High fever Cough with mucus Shortness of breath Additional symptoms of severe cases can include: Extreme breathlessness Blue tint on lips or under the nails Get a viral influenza (flu) vaccine (shot) each year. Flu vaccines are prepared annually in anticipation of that year's virus strain. Influenza can make pneumonia infection more likely. Get the pneumonia vaccine to protect yourself against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Get treated for any other infections in the respiratory system, especially those in the lungs. Wash your hands before eating, before preparing food, and after going outside. Try to avoid people who have colds or the flu. Ask them to visit you when they are feeling better. Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and get plenty of rest. Contact your doctor if you think you have symptoms. Don't wait for symptoms to worsen, as you may develop an emergency condition. Don't smoke. Don't use alcohol heavily.


Question: How do I treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: But the pressure generated by pooled blood under the nail can be extremely painful. To relieve the pain, your doctor may perform decompression, also called trephination, which allows the underlying blood to drain, relieving pressure and pain to the area.


Question: What should I know about bleeding under a nail?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your doctor may call it a âsubungual hematomaâ if you have bleeding under a fingernail or toenail. It usually happens if the nail gets crushed in an injury. It can cause symptoms such as intense pain and throbbing as blood collects under the nail. Unless you also have broken bones or damage to the nail bed and/or surrounding tissues, this injury usually isn't worrisome.


Question: What are complications associated with using needles to treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: The main complication associated with decompression is a small risk of infection in the residual hematoma. If you have bleeding under a large area of the nail surface, the nail bed may be injured. In this case, your doctor may need to remove the entire nail and use stitches to repair the nail bed.


Question: How is cautery used to treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: The doctor uses a heated wire (electrocautery device) or carbon laser to burn a hole or holes. The heated tip of the wire is cooled by contact with the hematoma, which prevents injury to the nail bed. This is a quick and painless procedure.


Question: What are the symptoms of bleeding under the nail?

Answer: The most common symptom is severe, throbbing pain. It happens because of the pressure of blood collecting between the nail and the nail bed. You may also have: A dark-colored discoloration (red, maroon, or purple-black) under all or part of the affected nail Tenderness and swelling of the tip of the affected finger or toe If you had a severe blow to a finger or toe, either seek immediate medical attention from your doctor or go to an emergency room.


Question: What causes a nail to bleed underneath?

Answer: These injuries can happen easily. You might: Slam your finger in a car door or house door Hit your finger with a heavy object such as a hammer Drop a heavy object such as a dumbbell on your toe Stub your toe on a hard surface If you have a darkened area under a nail and haven't had an injury, see your doctor to rule out other possible causes.


Question: How is bleeding under a nail diagnosed?

Answer: You may also have: A dark-colored discoloration (red, maroon, or purple-black) under all or part of the affected nail Tenderness and swelling of the tip of the affected finger or toe If you had a severe blow to a finger or toe, either seek immediate medical attention from your doctor or go to an emergency room. You should do this in case you have broken bones or serious damage to the nail bed and/or surrounding tissues. Your doctor will examine your nail. You'll probably also have an X-ray taken to see if you have a bone fracture or other injury.


Question: Do home remedies for warts work?

Answer: People try countless home remedies for warts, but most do not help.


Question: Are over-the-counter wart removers safe?

Answer: Most dermatologists say it's safe to try drugstore wart removers -- as long as you've confirmed that it's really a wart. Sometimes calluses or corns are mistaken for warts. If in doubt, ask your doctor.


Question: What drugs can lower the risk of prostate cancer?

Answer: Adding certain foods in your diet may also help reduce the risk, including tomato sauce and vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.


Question: Is there a cure for prostate cancer?

Answer: Cancer that has spread beyond the prostate (such as to the bones, lymph nodes, and lungs) is not curable, but it may be controlled for many years. Because of the many advances in available treatments, most men whose prostate cancer becomes widespread can expect to live five years or more. Some men with advanced prostate cancer live a normal life and die of another cause, such as heart disease.


Question: How does prostate cancer develop?

Answer: Most men with prostate cancer die of other causes, and many never know that they have the disease. But once prostate cancer begins to grow quickly or spreads outside the prostate, it is dangerous. Prostate cancer in its early stages (when it's only found in the prostate gland) can be treated with very good chances for survival. Fortunately, about 85% of American men with prostate cancer are diagnosed in an early stage of the disease.


Question: Who is mainly affected by prostate cancer?

Answer: About 80% of cases are in men over 65, and less than 1% of cases are in men under 50. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are more likely to get it.


Question: What is prostate cancer?

Answer: The walnut-sized gland is located beneath the bladder and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. Prostate cancer is a major health concern for American men. The disease is less common before age 50, and experts believe that most elderly men have traces of it.


Question: What causes prostate cancer?

Answer: Doctors don't know what causes prostate cancer, but diet contributes to the risk. Men who eat lots of fat from red meat are most likely to have prostate cancer. Eating meat may be risky for other reasons: Meat cooked at high temperatures produces cancer-causing substances that affect the prostate. The disease is much more common in countries where meat and dairy products are common than in countries where the diet consists of rice, soybean products, and vegetables. Hormones also play a role. Eating fats raises the amount of testosterone in the body, and testosterone speeds the growth of prostate cancer. A few job hazards have been found. Welders, battery manufacturers, rubber workers, and workers frequently exposed to the metal cadmium seem to be more likely to get prostate cancer. Not exercising also makes prostate cancer more likely.


Question: When should I have surgery for pancreatitis?

Answer: If your pancreatitis is caused by gallstones or an obstructed bile or pancreatic duct, you may need surgery or have an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) done once your symptoms have subsided. An ERCP is a procedure that involves the insertion of a tube down your throat into the stomach and upper intestines to the place where the bile duct and pancreatic duct drain. A small incision is made to remove stones in the bile duct or a plastic tube called a stent is inserted into the ducts to relieve the obstruction.


Question: How is pancreatitis treated?

Answer: Initial treatment of acute pancreatitis includes pain control, hydration, and nutritional support. If you have an attack of acute pancreatitis, you may receive strong drugs for pain. You may have to have your stomach drained with a tube placed through the nose. If the attack is prolonged, you may be fed and hydrated intravenously.


Question: When should I take my child to the hospital about flu?

Answer: Get emergency care if your child: Has blue skin or lips Has serious or constant throwing up or stomach pain Has trouble breathing or is breathing fast Isn't drinking enough Is very irritable Is very sleepy, not waking, or not interacting with you Has symptoms that improve and then get worse


Question: What's the cure for flu?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest antiviral drugs to help your child feel better quicker.


Question: How does flu spread among children?

Answer: The flu spreads quickly in tight quarters, so schools and nurseries tend to be breeding grounds for these viruses. Your child may catch one if he gets close to a sick person who is coughing or sneezing. Or he might handle infected items like doorknobs, pens, pencils, or toys, and then touch his eyes, nose, or mouth. Children have a higher chance of getting a flu virus, because their immune systems aren't as developed as adults'.


Question: Is herpetic eye disease painful?

Answer: Unfortunately, herpetic eye disease can be painful even after several days of treatment and even when the eye is starting to look better. This can be discouraging, but it does not mean that the treatment is a failure. The medications are working, and the pain will go away eventually.


Question: When might eye drops be recommended for herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer: If the infection is affecting the cornea, eye drops called corticosteroids might also be recommended. Corticosteroids will help control the disease, but they can also raise the pressure in the eyes of some people. If corticosteroids are being used, it is important for the patient to come back to the doctor's office so the pressure can be checked. Another type of eye drop might also be prescribed to keep the pupil dilated. This will help the eye's natural fluids flow, which prevents the pressure from increasing.


Question: What are symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer: The problem is likely to be herpes zoster ophthalmicus if your doctor finds some or all of these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye Headache and fever Redness, rash, or sores on the eyelids and around the eyes, especially on the forehead A rash on the tip of the nose Redness of the eye Blurry vision Swelling and cloudiness of the cornea The problem is likely to be herpes simplex keratitis if your doctor sees these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye Redness of the eye Feeling of dirt or "grit" in the eye Overflowing tears Pain when looking at bright light Swelling or cloudiness of the cornea Your doctor might want to use special tests if it looks like herpetic eye disease might be present.


Question: How is herpes simplex keratitis treated?

Answer: Because herpes is a virus, antibiotics such as penicillin are not an effective treatment. The only drugs that will work against herpes infections are antiviral medications. Your doctor will likely recommend antiviral pills to quicken healing and decrease the severity of the condition. It is important to keep using the medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Even though the eye might start to look or feel better, the infection could come back if you stop taking your medicine too soon.


Question: What are examples of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Answer: Examples of ARBs include: Irbesartan ( Avapro) Losartan ( Cozaar) Telmisartan ( Micardis) Valsartan ( Diovan) This type of heart disease medicine can help in these ways: Makes your heart beat more slowly Makes the heart beat with less force Lowers your blood pressure Helps prevent future heart attacks if you have already had one Relieves chest pain Helps your heart beat more steadily How do beta-blockers accomplish all this?


Question: How do diuretics work in treating heart disease?

Answer: Diuretics can help your heart in these ways: Lower blood pressure Reduce swelling from extra fluid buildup throughout your body Relieve the heart's workload Here's how they work: Diuretics help your kidneys remove sodium and water from the body. One of the results is that you have less blood volume circulating in your blood vessels. Less blood volume in the vessels leads to lower blood pressure.


Question: What factors can help determine which medications for heart disease may be best for you?

Answer: That depends on factors such as these: The causes of your heart disease How your body responds to different drugs Any other health problems you might have Other medications you are taking It may take some trial-and-error testing to find the combination of heart disease medicine that works best for you. Many people need more than one type of drug in order to get the best results. Some of these medications are combined into one pill.


Question: What are examples of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors that can help with treating heart disease?

Answer: Examples of ACE inhibitors include: Benazapril ( Lotensin) Captopril Enalapril ( Vasotec) Lisinopril ( Prinivil, Zestril) Ramipril ( Altace) This type of heart disease medicine can have these effects: Lower your blood pressure Ease the work of your heart ARBs block the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that makes blood vessels tighten.


Question: What are effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on heart disease?

Answer: CCBs can have these effects: Lower your blood pressure Reduce chest pain (angina) Help lower heart rate How do calcium channel blockers accomplish this?


Question: How can digitalis drugs help with treating heart disease?

Answer: This type of heart disease medicine can be helpful in these cases: If you have heart failure If you have an irregular heartbeat, especially atrial fibrillation Digitalis drugs work by making your heart beat stronger and can help slow down heart rate. Digoxin ( Lanoxin) is one example of a digitalis drug.


Question: How can combined alpha- and beta-blockers help with treating heart disease?

Answer: This type of heart disease medication helps lower blood pressure. It does this by slowing your heart rate and reducing nerve impulses that tell vessels to tighten. Examples of combined alpha- and beta-blockers include carvedilol ( Coreg) and labetolol.


Question: What are side effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) in treating heart disease?

Answer: This medication helps in these ways: Allows your heart to pump blood more efficiently Helps your heart beat more steadily Makes heart beat more slowly Lowers blood pressure Relieves chest pain Reduces stress on the heart Side effects for this drug includes: Low blood pressure High blood potassium levels Kidney impairment Cholesterol-lowering drugs can: Lower LDL bad cholesterol Raise HDL good cholesterol Lower triglyceride levels (a fat in your blood) Cholesterol-lowering drugs work in a variety of ways to improve heart health.


Question: How can calcium channel blockers (CCBs) help with treating heart disease?

Answer: CCBs prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells in your heart and blood vessels. This keeps blood vessels from tightening so much and causes the heart to pump with less strength. Your heart rate slows and blood can flow more easily through the vessels. This lowers blood pressure.


Question: What are central acting agents and how do they lower blood pressure?

Answer: Central acting agents keep your brain and central nervous system from sending too many nerve impulses that tell the vessels to tighten. As a result, blood vessels remain wider. This helps lower your blood pressure. They can also be called "central adrenergic inhibitors." Clonidine ( Catapres) is an example of a central agonist.


Question: Which vasodilators can help with treating heart disease?

Answer: Examples of vasodilators include: Hydralazine Isosorbide dinitrate ( Isordil) Isosorbide mononitrate ( Imdur) Minoxidil Nitroglycerin ( Minitran, Nitro-bid, Nitro-dur, Nitrolingual, Nitromist, Nitrostat) Which medications may be best for you?


Question: Which diuretics can help with treating heart disease?

Answer: Diuretics are sometimes the first type of medicine that your doctor will try if you have high blood pressure. Examples of diuretics include: Bumetanide Furosemide ( Lasix) Hydrochlorothiazide or HCTZ Potassium-sparing diuretics: amiloride ( Midamor), eplerenone ( Inspra), spironolactone ( Aldactone) and triamterene ( Dyrenium), Torsemide ( Demadex) Some diuretics are combined in one pill with other heart medications.


Question: Which beta blockers can help with treating heart disease?

Answer: Examples of beta-blockers include: Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Nebivolol ( Bystolic) This type of heart disease drug is also called a calcium antagonist.


Question: How do vasodilators work in treating heart disease?

Answer: Vasodilator heart disease medicine has two effects: Lowers blood pressure Eases chest pain (angina) Vasodilators relax the muscles in the blood vessel walls. The vessels widen and blood flows through more easily. Your blood pressure lowers. Your heart receives more blood and oxygen, so it doesn't have to work so hard to pump.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating heart disease?

Answer: Diuretics are often called "water pills." Diuretics can help your heart in these ways: Lower blood pressure Reduce swelling from extra fluid buildup throughout your body Relieve the heart's workload Here's how they work: Diuretics help your kidneys remove sodium and water from the body.


Question: How can selective sinus node inhibitors help with treating heart disease?

Answer: This new class of drug targets a specific area of the heart, the sinoatrial pacemaker, which affects heart failure. These drugs: Regulate the pacemaker cells of the heart Lower the heart rate Ivabradine ( Corlanor) is used in patients whose heart muscle is not contracting well.


Question: What should I do before taking calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Examples of calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc (amlodipine) Plendil (felodipine) Dyna Circ (isradipine) Cardene (nicardipine) Procardia XL, Adalat (nifedipine) Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, Diltia XL (diltiazem) Sular ( Nisoldipine) Isoptin, Calan, Verelan, Covera- HS (verapamil) Potential side effects from taking a calcium channel blocker include: Dizziness or lightheadedness Low blood pressure Heart rhythm problems Dry mouth Edema (swelling of ankles, feet, or lower legs) Headache Nausea Fatigue Skin rash Constipation or diarrhea Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Before taking a calcium channel blocker, tell your doctor: About any medical conditions you have, including any heart or blood vessel disorders, kidney or liver disease About every medication you are taking, including any over-the-counter or herbal medications; certain drugs may interact with calcium channel blockers.