Question: What is a night guard in relation to dental health?

Answer: night guard: a removable appliance that fits over the upper or lower teeth used to prevent wear and temporomandibular damage caused by grinding or gnashing of the teeth during sleep.


Question: What is an unerupted tooth?

Answer: unerupted tooth: a tooth that has not pushed through the gum and assumed its correct position in the dental arch.


Question: What is cementum in relation to dental health?

Answer: cementum: hard tissue that covers the roots of teeth.


Question: What is an abutment in relation to dental health?

Answer: abutment: tooth or teeth on either side of a missing tooth that support a fixed bridge or removable partial; also refers to a piece of metal or porcelain that is screwed on to an implant to allow a crown to be glued on.


Question: What is an arch in relation to dental health?

Answer: arch: a description of the alignment of the upper or lower teeth.


Question: What is tooth whitening?

Answer: tooth whitening: a chemical or laser process to lighten the color of teeth.


Question: What is a clasp in relation to dental health?

Answer: clasp: device that holds a removable partial denture to stationary teeth.


Question: What is a dental adjustment?

Answer: adjustment: a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after it has been completed and inserted into the mouth.


Question: What is bite in relation to dental health?

Answer: bite: relationship of the upper and lower teeth upon closure (occlusion).


Question: What is temporomandibular disorder (TMD)/temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in relation to dental health?

Answer: temporomandibular disorder ( TMD)/temporomandibular joint ( TMJ): the term given to a problem that concerns the muscles and joint that connect the lower jaw with the skull. The condition is characterized by facial pain and restricted ability to open or move the jaw. It is often accompanied by a clicking or popping sound when the jaw is opened or closed.


Question: What is tartar in relation to dental health?

Answer: tartar: common term for dental calculus, a hard deposit that adheres to teeth; produces rough surface that attracts plaque.


Question: What is a bicuspid in relation to dental health?

Answer: bicuspid: the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth to the back of the mouth; these are the back teeth that are used for chewing and have only have two points (cusps). Adults have eight bicuspids (also called premolars), two in front of each group of molars.


Question: What are the benefits of progressive lenses?

Answer: With progressive lenses, you won't need to have more than one pair of glasses with you. You don't need to swap between your reading and regular glasses. Vision with progressives can seem natural. If you switch from viewing something up close to something far away, you won't get a "jump" like you would with bifocals or trifocals. So if you're driving, you can look at your dashboard, at the road, or at a sign in the distance with a smooth transition. They look like regular glasses. In one study, people who wore traditional bifocals were given progressive lenses to try. The study's author said most made the switch for good.


Question: What are the drawbacks of progressive lenses?

Answer: It takes time to adjust to progressives. You need to train yourself to look out of the lower part of the lens when you're reading, to look straight ahead for distance, and to look somewhere between the two spots for middle distance or computer work. Some people never adjust, but most do. During the learning period, you may feel dizzy and nauseas from looking through the wrong section of lens. There may also be some distortion of your peripheral vision (what you see on the edges when looking straight ahead). Another thing to consider is the cost.


Question: What are some tips to adjusting to progressive lenses?

Answer: If you decide to try them, use these tips: Choose a quality optical shop that can guide you through the process, help you pick a good frame, and make sure the lenses are perfectly centered over your eyes. Poorly fitted progressives are a common reason why people can't adapt to them. Give yourself one or two weeks to adjust to them. Some people may need as long as a month. Make sure you understand your eye doctor's instructions on how to use them. Wear your new lenses as often as possible and stop wearing your other glasses. It will make the adjustment quicker.


Question: What are progressive lenses?

Answer: Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. That allows you to do close-up work (like reading a book), middle-distance work (like checking out a website on a computer), or distance viewing (like driving) without needing to change your glasses. They're sometimes called multifocal lenses.


Question: Who wears progressive lenses?

Answer: Almost anyone with a vision problem can wear these lenses, but they're only needed for people ages 40 and older whose vision blurs when they're doing close-up work like reading or sewing. This condition is called presbyopia. It's a natural part of getting older. Even people who are nearsighted and over 40 may find that their near vision blurs when they wear glasses for distances. Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you.


Question: What do progressive lenses look like?

Answer: Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. Progressives have a seamless look. Sometimes they're called "no-line bifocals," but that's not quite right. It would be more accurate to call progressive lenses "no-line trifocals." Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you.


Question: When do you need antibiotics for sinusitis?

Answer: If a secondary bacterial infection has developed in your sinuses, you'll need antibiotics. Your health care provider will probably prescribe them for about 10 to 14 days. Just remember that antibiotics will only work in cases of bacterial infection. They will not help with viruses. Also, you need to follow your health care provider's instructions and take all your antibiotic medicine, even if you start feeling better after a few days.


Question: What is the connection between sinusitis and asthma?

Answer: Many studies have shown a connection between sinus infections and asthma. One study showed that, when compared with those who only have asthma, people who have both sinusitis and asthma: Tend to have more severe asthma symptoms May have more severe asthma flares Are more likely to have disturbed sleep The risks of developing sinusitis may not be the same for everyone with asthma.


Question: How are sinusitis and asthma treated?

Answer: Treatment is important in preventing sinusitis from worsening. Again, since the conditions are linked, treating sinusitis may have the added benefit of improving your asthma symptoms. If you have sinusitis and asthma, your health care provider might recommend that you use: Steroid nasal sprays to reduce the swelling; easing the inflammation might allow the sinuses to drain normally. Decongestant or antihistamine medicines Always ask your health care provider before using nasal spray decongestants.


Question: How can you prevent sinusitis?

Answer: There's no sure-fire way of preventing sinusitis. But there are some things you can do to lower your risk: Use regular steroid sprays to prevent sinus inflammation. This is particularly important if you've had recurrent or chronic sinusitis. Avoid allergens and irritants, if you have allergies. Take your asthma medication as recommended. Keeping your asthma symptoms under control can reduce your risks of developing serious sinusitis.


Question: What triggers sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. Just like the lining of your nose, the sinuses can become irritated and swollen by allergens, viruses, or bacterial infection. Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus.


Question: What is sinusitis?

Answer: While there are many sinuses in the body, the term is often used to refer to the paranasal sinuses. These are a group of four hollow cavities in your face, near the cheeks and eyes. They're connected to the nasal passageways and help warm up, moisten and filter the air you breathe in. Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses.


Question: Do allergies affect asthma and sinus infections?

Answer: For people with allergies, controlling exposure to allergens is key. Not only will it reduce your asthma symptoms, but it will also reduce your risk of sinus infections. Avoid any allergic triggers and irritants, like cigarette smoke. You can also ask your health care provider if allergy shots might be helpful.


Question: What is postnasal drip?

Answer: Postnasal drip is a lay term that refers to the sensation of nasal mucus that builds up or drains into the back of the throat. Your glands in the nose and throat produce mucus continuously (1 to 2 pints per day), that helps to cleanse the nasal membranes, helps warm the air you breathe, and traps inhaled foreign matter. Mucus also helps to fight infection.


Question: How can mucus lead to sinus pressure?

Answer: Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus. If enough mucus and trapped air builds up, you feel painful pressure in the sinuses. These are the familiar signs of a sinus headache.


Question: When would surgery be needed for sinus problems?

Answer: Physical problems in the nasal passages can lead to chronic sinusitis. These include narrow nasal passages, a deviated septum, or polyps -- small lumps in the nose. Surgically correcting these problems -- or opening up chronically swollen, inflamed sinuses -- can sometimes resolve the problem.


Question: What causes sinus infections?

Answer: But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus. But if the sinuses have been blocked for too long, bacteria can invade, causing a secondary infection. Having multiple sinus infections can lead to chronic (long-term) sinusitis.


Question: What are common symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer: Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus.


Question: Are asthma and sinusitis linked?

Answer: According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, as many as half of all people with moderate to severe asthma also have chronic sinusitis. There are lots of treatments available for both sinus infections and asthma.


Question: Are there treatments for sinus infections and asthma?

Answer: For lots of people, sinus infections -- or sinusitis -- and asthma go together. And studies show that treating one condition often helps relieve the symptoms of the other. The key is to treat both conditions aggressively.


Question: What combination medicines are used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Side effects of this kind of drug include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Combination Medicines Several diabetes pills combine two medications into one tablet. They include: Alogliptin and metformin ( Kazano) Alogliptin plus pioglitazone ( Oseni) Dapagliflozin and metformin ( Xigduo XR) Empagliflozin and linaglipton ( Glyxambi) Empagliflozin and metformin ( Synjardy) Glipizide and metformin Glyburide and metformin ( Glucovance) Linagliptin and metformin ( Jentadueto) Pioglitazone and glimepiride ( Duetact) Repaglinide and metformin ( Prandi Met) Rosiglitazone and glimepiride ( Avandaryl) Rosiglitazone and metformin ( Avandamet) Saxagliptin and metformin ( Kombiglyze XR) Sitagliptin and metformin ( Janumet, Janumet XR)


Question: How does pioglitazone (Actos) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a âmeglitinide.â Side effects of meglitinides include: Low blood sugar Stomach upset Pioglitazone ( Actos) How it works: Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat. It lowers the amount of sugar the liver releases and makes fat cells more sensitive to insulin's effects. It may take a few weeks for these drugs to lower blood sugar. Your doctor should talk with you about heart risks with this type of drug, which he may call âthiazolidinediones.â Side effects from this type of drug are rare but may include: Higher than normal levels of liver enzymes Liver failure Respiratory infection Headache Fluid retention Repaglinide ( Prandin) How it works: Makes the pancreas release more insulin, but only if your blood sugar levels are too high.


Question: How do I know which diabetes medicines are best for me?

Answer: But there are others that you take as a pill or that you inhale. Your doctor will consider exactly what you need, which may include more than one type of diabetes medicine. The goal is to get your best blood sugar control, and the oral drugs do that in several ways.


Question: How can I use green tea to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Soak your feet in lukewarm green tea and you may notice less symptoms like peeling and redness. That's because nutrients in green tea called polyphenols have antifungal powers. But this method won't work quickly. You may have to soak your feet every day for 3 months. And more studies are needed to prove that green tea can get rid of the fungus, not just make your feet feel and look better.


Question: How can I use sunflower oil to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Made from the pressed seeds of sunflowers, this oil has long been said to fight germs. A brand called Oleozon which contains ozone (another germ-killer) has been shown to get rid of athlete's foot as well as being an antifungal medicine. You apply the oil to your feet instead of taking it by mouth. It's unclear whether all brands of sunflower oil work as well as Oleozon, but it may be worth trying.


Question: How can I use tea tree oil to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. When rubbed into the skin twice a day, tea tree oil can reduce the itching, scaling, swelling, and burning of athlete's foot. But it may take up to a month to see progress and it doesn't work for everyone. Tea tree oil can cause a skin rash or trigger allergies. So talk with your doctor before you try it. She can suggest a tea tree product for you to try, or explain how to dilute the oil to avoid side effects. Never take tea tree oil by mouth since it can be toxic.


Question: How can I use ajoene from garlic to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot. You can take it by mouth as an antifungal pill. You can also find it in a gel form. In one study, people who applied it to their feet once a day saw their symptoms go away after one week. This method could also help keep your athlete's foot from coming back.


Question: How can I use bitter orange to treat athlete's foot at home?

Answer: This oil comes from the leaves of a tree that grows in Australia. Because it can kill some types of bacteria and fungus, people have used it as a home remedy for many years. One study found that when people applied a watered down form of bitter orange oil to their feet three times each day, the fungus cleared up after a week or two. Bitter orange can inflame your skin if you use it in its pure form. It can also make you more likely to get a sunburn, so be sure to protect your skin from the sun if you use it. Ajoene is a natural chemical found in garlic. It may ease the symptoms of athlete's foot.


Question: Does vinegar treat athlete's foot?

Answer: And more studies are needed to prove that green tea can get rid of the fungus, not just make your feet feel and look better. While a vinegar soak won't do your feet any harm, there's not enough research to prove that it will do much good either.


Question: What are symptoms of spinal stenosis?

Answer: More specific symptoms include: Sciatica. These shooting pains down your leg start as an ache in the lower back or buttocks. Foot drop. A hard time standing or walking. Loss of bladder or bowel control. Some things you can do to help ease symptoms of spinal stenosis include: Exercise.


Question: Is there a cure for spinal stenosis?

Answer: For most people, the stenosis results from changes because of arthritis. When you are heavier, there will be more pressure on your back.


Question: Is there medication for spinal stenosis?

Answer: These might include: Medication: Common pain remedies such as aspirin, acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen can offer short-term relief. Other medications, including muscle relaxants and anti-seizure medications, treat aspects of spinal stenosis, such as muscle spasms and damaged nerves. Corticosteroid injections: Your doctor will inject a steroid such as prednisone into your back or neck. Anesthetics: Used with precision, an injection of a ânerve blockâ can stop pain for a time.


Question: How is spinal stenosis diagnosed?

Answer: When you visit your doctor, she's likely to ask you questions about your medical history. After that, she might order at least one of the following tests to figure out whether you have the condition: X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). It can show tumors, growths, and even damage to discs and ligaments. Computerized tomography ( CT scan). With the help of a dye injected into your body, it can show damage to soft tissue as well as issues with your bones.


Question: What should you eat and drink when you have the flu?

Answer: It's very important to drink a lot of fluids to keep the body hydrated. This helps loosen mucus. Limit drinks like coffee, tea, and colas with caffeine. They rob your system of fluids. As for eating, follow your appetite. If you're not really hungry, try eating simple foods like white rice or broth.


Question: Should I get antibiotics for the flu?

Answer: Antibiotics will not help treat the flu or a cold. Antibiotics kill bacteria, but they do not kill any viruses, including viruses that cause the flu or colds. However, the flu can weaken the immune system and open the door for bacterial infections. If your flu starts to get better and then gets worse, you may have a bacterial infection. See a doctor right away. Antibiotic treatment may be necessary.


Question: Which over-the-counter  medicines can help with the flu?

Answer: Decongestants can help you breathe by shrinking swollen mucous membranes in the nose. But talk to your doctor first if you have high blood pressure or heart disease. Saline nasal sprays can also help open breathing passages. Cough preparations, along with water and fruit juices, can help soothe a cough. If you use a multi-symptom cold medicine, choose the drug that matches your symptoms. And don't take two cold medicines with the same ingredients.


Question: When should I see my doctor if I have the flu?

Answer: If your symptoms are severe or aren't getting better after a week or if you are over 65 or have fever for more than 3 days, see a doctor. Also call a doctor right away if you have any chronic medical conditions and are exposed to the flu or develop any of the symptoms. Moreover, if an infant or young child has a fever or develops symptoms of the flu, get medical help. These symptoms are signs that flu may have developed into something serious like pneumonia. See a doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Persistent fever Vomiting or inability to keep fluids down Painful swallowing Persistent coughing Persistent congestion Persistent headache Because the flu virus can infect the lungs and it can cause a serious infection like pneumonia.


Question: How long should you stay home for the flu?

Answer: Stay at home while you have the flu, and for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone without the use of fever-reducing medicine. Once your fever is gone for a day, you're no longer contagious and can return to work or school. Also, you will recover more quickly if you get some rest.


Question: What's the best treatment for the flu?

Answer: There's no single "best" treatment for flu, but there are many ways you can ease symptoms. Prescription flu drugs can shorten the time you feel sick if taken when symptoms first appear. They work best when taken within 48 hours of symptoms, but they may also prevent severe disease if taken more than 48 hours after the first symptoms. Over-the-counter cold and flu drugs can offer some relief from fever, aches, stuffy nose, and cough. They don't "cure" the flu, but may help keep you more comfortable.


Question: How do prescription medications for the flu work?

Answer: The prescription drugs baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), zanamivir ( Relenza), and peramivir ( Rapivab) were developed to cut short a bout with flu. They help shorten recovery time by one or two days. The drugs work best when taken within 48 hours of the first symptoms. However, clinical studies show the drugs still offer benefits when treatment starts more than 48 hours after symptoms begin. Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) and zanamivir ( Relenza) can also be taken to help prevent the flu if you're been exposed to the virus.


Question: Why are people so concerned about the flu?

Answer: See a doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Persistent fever Vomiting or inability to keep fluids down Painful swallowing Persistent coughing Persistent congestion Persistent headache Because the flu virus can infect the lungs and it can cause a serious infection like pneumonia. And that's what worries people. If the flu develops into pneumonia, it may require hospitalization and can even lead to death. People with weak immune systems -- the elderly, pregnant women, infants, and people with chronic health problems -- are at highest risk of flu complications such as pneumonia. Others at high risk for complications include Native American and Alaskan Natives.


Question: How do cold symptoms typically progress?

Answer: Primary symptoms of flu are fever, fatigue, body aches, chills, headache, sore throat, and cough. The cough is a bronchial tube irritation and is usually not productive -- you're not coughing up gunk. The flu is usually at its worst for three to four days. The cough may linger longer. Recovery may take seven to 10 days. You may have lingering fatigue for several weeks.


Question: Does exercising prevent sickness?

Answer: Get regular exercise. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they often have less severe symptoms and may recover more quickly. They may also recover more quickly than people who do not exercise regularly. Check with your doctor before beginning a new exercise program.


Question: Can flu shots cause the flu?

Answer: People with weak immune systems -- the elderly, pregnant women, infants, and people with chronic health problems -- are at highest risk of flu complications such as pneumonia. The flu shot is made from dead viruses and cannot "give" you the flu. The nasal flu vaccine, Flu Mist, is made with a weakened live flu virus. It also cannot give you the flu, but is more likely to cause symptoms such as achy muscles or a low fever. But people with asthma are more likely to have complications, such as pneumonia, when they do get the flu.


Question: Can children use over-the-counter cough and cold medicines?

Answer: Over-the-counter cold and flu drugs can offer some relief from fever, aches, stuffy nose, and cough. If your child is between 4 and 6, ask your doctor before giving any medicine. It's safe to use these drugs to help relieve symptoms in kids 6 and older. Never give medicines with aspirin to chilodrenunder the age of 19 due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.


Question: What can I do to prevent the flu?

Answer: Yet you may not have symptoms, so you don't know you're sick. If they cough or sneeze into their hands (without a tissue), their hands then carry droplets to surfaces they touch. To help protect yourself and prevent spread of cold and flu viruses: Wash hands frequently. Wash your hands afterward. When you cough, turn your head away from others. Don't touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. This prevents germs from entering your body. Wash and disinfect any shared surfaces (like phones and keyboards) frequently. Viruses can live on surfaces for up to 24 hours. Stay away from crowds during cold and flu season. Get a flu vaccine every year. Vaccines don't give you 100% protection from the flu, but they're the best way to help prevent it. Eat healthy foods to nourish your immune system, such as dark green, red, and yellow vegetables and fruits. Get regular exercise. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they often have less severe symptoms and may recover more quickly.


Question: What can help my child eat healthier?

Answer: It is important that you do not place your overweight child(ren) on a restrictive diet. Serve water with meals. Involve your children in food shopping and preparing meals. Plan for snacks. Eating in front of the TV may make it difficult to pay attention to feelings of fullness, and may lead to overeating. Encourage your children to drink more water.


Question: How can I prevent throwing my back out?

Answer: You can lower your chances of throwing your back out by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. You can also protect your back by not lifting heavy objects. If you can't avoid it, be sure lift the right way: Bend your knees and keep your back straight. It will keep you from pulling something or hurting your back. But if you use a heating pad, be careful.


Question: What are the side effects of using corticosteroid eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: When you use corticosteroid eyedrops, you should have regular checkups with an eye specialist to check on your eye health. These eyedrops can make you more likely to get: Cataracts Eye infection Glaucoma Increased pressure in the eye These eyedrops can quickly brighten the whites of your eyes and reduce eye redness for a short time.


Question: What multiple-action allergy eye drops are used for eye allergies?

Answer: Examples include: Antazoline phosphate/naphazoline HCL ( Vasocon- A) Pheniramine maleate/naphazoline HCL ( Opcon- A and Naphcon- A) Antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer combination eyedrops treat and prevent: Eye itching Redness Tearing Burning These newer eyedrops are especially helpful for people with a condition called allergic conjunctivitis.


Question: What are the mast cell stabilizer allergy eye drops used for eye allergies?

Answer: Over-the-counter mast cell stabilizer drops include: Ketotifen fumarate ( Claritin Eye, Refresh Eye Itch Relief) Prescription mast cell stabilizer eyedrops include: Cromolyn ( Crolom) Lodoxamide ( Alomide) Nedocromil sodium ( Alocril) Pemirolast potassium ( Alamast) Some eyedrops contain more than one type of medicine.


Question: How can you get decongestant eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: You can get these eyedrops without a prescription. But doctors don't recommend them to treat eye allergies. Examples of over-the-counter decongestant eyedrops are: Naphazoline HCL ( Clear Eyes) Phenylephrine HCL ( Refresh) Oxymetazoline HCL ( Visine), Tetrahydrozoline HCL There are some risks.


Question: How effective are decongestant eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: These eyedrops can make you more likely to get: Cataracts Eye infection Glaucoma Increased pressure in the eye These eyedrops can quickly brighten the whites of your eyes and reduce eye redness for a short time. They narrow blood vessels in the eye area. This relieves the red, bloodshot appearance of the eyes but carries longterm risk of ârebound redness,â which is making your eyes permanently bloodshot. As a result, they are not recommended for longterm use.


Question: What are multiple-action allergy eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: Over-the-counter mast cell stabilizer drops include: Ketotifen fumarate ( Claritin Eye, Refresh Eye Itch Relief) Prescription mast cell stabilizer eyedrops include: Cromolyn ( Crolom) Lodoxamide ( Alomide) Nedocromil sodium ( Alocril) Pemirolast potassium ( Alamast) Some eyedrops contain more than one type of medicine. These are called dual-action or multiple-action eyedrops. Antihistamine/decongestant combination eyedrops reduce eye itching, watery eyes, and redness.


Question: When should you use antihistamine allergy eye drops for your eye allergies?

Answer: The types of allergy eyedrops include: Antihistamine Anti-inflammatory Decongestant Mast cell stabilizers Multiple action Doctors usually recommend these as the first treatment for eye allergies if you can't get enough relief without drugs. If you have itchy, watery eyes, antihistamine eyedrops may make you feel better. These medicines block histamine in the body. Histamine is a chemical that your immune system makes when you come in contact with an allergy trigger. It causes many of your allergy symptoms. Antihistamine eyedrops can quickly ease your symptoms. But relief may only last for a few hours. You may need to use the drops several times a day.


Question: When are multiple-action eye drops most useful for eye allergies?

Answer: Examples include: Antazoline phosphate/naphazoline HCL ( Vasocon- A) Pheniramine maleate/naphazoline HCL ( Opcon- A and Naphcon- A) Antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer combination eyedrops treat and prevent: Eye itching Redness Tearing Burning These newer eyedrops are especially helpful for people with a condition called allergic conjunctivitis. Examples include: Epinastine ( Elestat) Ketotifen ( Alaway, Zaditor) Olopatadine hydrochloride ( Pataday, Patanol) As with any medicine, you should always follow the recommended instructions on the label.


Question: What are allergy eye drops used for?

Answer: Allergy eyedrops are liquid medicines used to treat symptoms of eye allergies.


Question: Are there any side effects for mast cell stabilizer eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: You may be able to use these drops for many months without any side effects. If you wear contacts, mast cell stabilizers may let you wear them longer.


Question: What are anti-inflammatory allergy eye drops used for eye allergies?

Answer: Prescription antihistamine eyedrops include: Azelastine hydrochloride ( Optivar) Emedastine difumarate ( Emadine) Levocabastine ( Livostin) These eyedrops fall into two groups: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Corticosteroids NSAID eyedrops affect certain nerve endings. They change the way your body makes you feel itchy.


Question: What are the types of allergy eye drops used for eye allergies?

Answer: The types of allergy eyedrops include: Antihistamine Anti-inflammatory Decongestant Mast cell stabilizers Multiple action Doctors usually recommend these as the first treatment for eye allergies if you can't get enough relief without drugs.


Question: How are mast cell stabilizer eye drops used for eye allergies?

Answer: These are among the newest types of eyedrops. They help prevent the release of histamine and other chemicals made by your body during an allergic reaction. Mast cell stabilizers are made to prevent your symptoms.


Question: What nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug eye drops are used for eye allergies?

Answer: Prescription antihistamine eyedrops include: Azelastine hydrochloride ( Optivar) Emedastine difumarate ( Emadine) Levocabastine ( Livostin) These eyedrops fall into two groups: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Corticosteroids NSAID eyedrops affect certain nerve endings. They change the way your body makes you feel itchy. Ketorolac ( Acular, Acuvail) is the only NSAID approved for the treatment of itchy eyes. Itching usually starts to go away about 1 hour after using the eyedrops. These eyedrops often cause stinging or burning when first placed in the eyes.


Question: What are prescription antihistamine eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: Prescription antihistamine eyedrops include: Azelastine hydrochloride ( Optivar) Emedastine difumarate ( Emadine) Levocabastine ( Livostin) These eyedrops fall into two groups: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Corticosteroids NSAID eyedrops affect certain nerve endings.


Question: How do you know if you have eye allergy symptoms?

Answer: Eye allergy symptoms include: A burning feeling in your eye Feeling like something is in the eye Itchy eyes Red (bloodshot) eyes Swollen eyelid Tearing An eye allergy can be triggered by the same things that cause hay fever, such as: Pollen Dust Pet dander Certain medications or contact lenses can also be triggers.


Question: What are the risks of decongestant eye drops for eye allergies?

Answer: Examples of over-the-counter decongestant eyedrops are: Naphazoline HCL ( Clear Eyes) Phenylephrine HCL ( Refresh) Oxymetazoline HCL ( Visine), Tetrahydrozoline HCL There are some risks. If you use them for too long, it can make your eye problem worse, with ârebound redness.â Redness and eye swelling can continue even when you stop using the drops. If you have glaucoma you should never use decongestant eyedrops.


Question: How are corticosteroid eye drops used to treat eye allergies?

Answer: Corticosteroid eyedrops are used to treat severe, long-term eye allergy symptoms. Prescription steroid eyedrops include loteprednol ( Alrex, Lotemax). Doctors generally don't recommend corticosteroid drops for long-term use, unless your case is really severe, due to possible side effects such as increased eye pressure and cataracts.


Question: Which type of allergy eye drop should you use for your eye allergies?

Answer: Which type of allergy eyedrop you use depends on: The cause of your allergy Your symptoms How much the symptoms affect your daily activities There are many types of allergy eyedrops. Not all treat all allergy symptoms. For example, one that relieves red eyes may not stop the itching. Some are sold over the counter. For others you need a prescription from a doctor. Some relieve symptoms quickly. Others provide long-term relief.


Question: What can trigger an eye allergy?

Answer: Eye allergy symptoms include: A burning feeling in your eye Feeling like something is in the eye Itchy eyes Red (bloodshot) eyes Swollen eyelid Tearing An eye allergy can be triggered by the same things that cause hay fever, such as: Pollen Dust Pet dander Certain medications or contact lenses can also be triggers.


Question: What can you do to treat eye allergies?

Answer: Your doctor may first suggest you take these steps: Use artificial tears.


Question: How does intermediate-acting insulin work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Intermediate-acting insulin: It takes longer for your body to absorb than the fast-acting kind, but it lasts longer. It's good at controlling your blood sugar overnight and between meals.


Question: How does amylin analog treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Amylin analog: This type slows your digestion. That keeps your glucose level down and helps your liver leave the numbers low. You inject these before meals.


Question: Where can someone use a syringe on their body to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You may put them in your: Belly Thigh Buttocks Upper arm Pen: These have a needle at the tip.


Question: How can surgery treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Talk to your doctor to figure out which type is best for you. But if your doctor says your body mass index ( BMI) is higher than 35, you may want to consider this weight loss surgery. It's important to note that long-term effects from it on type 2 diabetes are unknown. Talk to your doctor if you're considering it. Researchers are still studying the effects, but some people who had the surgery lost a significant amount of weight and saw their blood sugar get back to normal.


Question: How do pills help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: There are several classes of non-insulin medicines to choose from that hit type 2 diabetes in different ways. Because these drugs can work together, your doctor may prescribe you more than one. You might also take one pill that mixes two types of medicine.


Question: What is the best insulin combination to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: That's known as combination therapy. There's also "rapid-acting" insulin that starts to work in about half the time, but doesn't work as long. Talk to your doctor to figure out which type is best for you. You and your doctor also need to choose which way to get insulin may work best for you. Your insurance coverage might play a role, too.


Question: What makes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol so good?

Answer: Good cholesterol, bad cholesterol: what's the difference? Is there a "naughty and nice" list for cholesterol? HDL is short for high-density lipoprotein. The HDL cholesterol particle is dense compared to other types of cholesterol particles, so it's called high-density. It provides stability in every cell of your body. Each lipoprotein has its own preferences for cholesterol, and each acts differently with the cholesterol it carries.


Question: How does high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol reduce the risk for heart disease?

Answer: As it does, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn't belong. High HDL levels reduce the risk for heart disease -- but low levels increase the risk. HDL cholesterol acts as a maintenance crew for the inner walls (endothelium) of blood vessels. Damage to the inner walls is the first step in the process of atherosclerosis, which causes heart attacks and strokes. HDL scrubs the wall clean and keeps it healthy A cholesterol test or lipid panel tells the level of HDL cholesterol.


Question: How does cholesterol travel through the bloodstream?

Answer: Each bit of HDL cholesterol is a microscopic blob that consists of a rim of lipoprotein surrounding a cholesterol center. HDL reduces, reuses, and recycles LDL cholesterol by transporting it to the liver where it can be reprocessed.


Question: Is cholesterol the only thing that leads to heart disease?

Answer: Remember that multiple factors besides cholesterol contribute to heart disease. People with normal HDL cholesterol can have heart disease. Overall, though, people who have low HDL cholesterol will have greater risk of developing heart disease than people with high HDL levels.


Question: What are good levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol?

Answer: HDL scrubs the wall clean and keeps it healthy A cholesterol test or lipid panel tells the level of HDL cholesterol. What do the numbers mean? HDL cholesterol levels less than 40 mg/d L are low. That's not so good. In general, people with high HDL are at lower risk for heart disease. People with low HDL are at higher risk.


Question: Will my doctor suggest medications to improve my high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level?

Answer: If your HDL is low, you can take several steps to boost your HDL level and reduce your heart disease risk: Exercise . Diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and genetics are all important as well. Because so many factors contribute to heart disease, cholesterol isn't everything.


Question: What can cause hypothyroidism?

Answer: Hypothyroidism may be caused by: thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid gland that can affect the level of thyroid hormone production Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a painless and hereditary immune system disease post-partum thyroiditis, which occurs in five to nine percent of women who have given birth and is usually temporary Hypothyroidism can also be a side effect of certain drugs, such as lithium and amiodarone, and by iodine deficiency.


Question: Can high blood pressure raise your odds of getting heart failure?

Answer: Hypertension raises the force of blood pushing against narrowed artery walls. This can weaken and even tear the vessels. Your heart may fail as it tries to keep up with the workload.


Question: What is coronary artery disease, and how is it sometimes linked to heart failure?

Answer: This is at the root of many types of heart disease, including heart failure. When you have it, your arteries are clogged with cholesterol and other types of fats. That forces the heart to work harder to push blood through narrowed blood vessels. Coronary artery disease can also lead to high blood pressure. This also can cause heart failure.


Question: What is marfan syndrome, and can it raise your chances of getting heart failure?

Answer: This inherited disorder affects the heart, along with many other areas of the body. A faulty gene often causes people with Marfan to grow very tall. That can weaken the connective tissues inside your body. This can hurt your arteries and also affect your heart valves, which regulate the flow of blood, and cause blood to back up. That forces the heart to work harder until it becomes enlarged and less able to pump blood.


Question: Can congenital heart disease raise your chances of getting heart failure?

Answer: If you were born with congenital heart disease, you are more likely to have heart failure. Congenital problems usually affect the heart's structure, such as the arteries or the valves. The core issue is that the heart must work overtime to keep things running smoothly.


Question: What is cardiomyopathy, and how can it lead to heart failure?

Answer: This is a problem with the heart muscle. Usually it gets too thick or enlarged. The heart has four valves that direct the flow of blood. A problem with any valve forces the heart to pump harder, decreasing its ability to function properly. That decrease can lead to heart failure. A heart attack can bring on cardiomyopathy. So can something unrelated to the heart, such as a viral infection or alcohol overuse. Cardiomyopathy can also lead to arrhythmias.


Question: What is pericardial disease, and why is it sometimes linked to heart failure?

Answer: This is a problem with the heart muscle. It can fill with fluid as a result of chest injury, infection, heart attack,an endocrine issue (such as a thyroid issue), or autoimmune problems, as a result of cancer,. If it does, it taxes the heart and raises the odds of heart failure.


Question: What are side effects of a thigh lift?

Answer: You will have bruising, swelling, and numbness after surgery. That usually disappears within several weeks to months. In rare cases, infection, bleeding, fluid build-up, and open wounds can occur.


Question: Are there side effects if you get a buttock lift?

Answer: That usually disappears within several weeks to months. In rare cases, infection, bleeding, fluid build-up, and open wounds can occur.


Question: How does a thigh lift work?

Answer: During a thigh lift, a surgeon makes a cut on the upper and inner thigh and removes excess fat and skin. The surgeon also often does liposuction before, during, or after the procedure. People usually get a thigh lift on an outpatient basis, meaning they don't need to stay overnight. But ask your doctor ahead of time. Some doctors prefer their patients to stay in the hospital overnight. The surgery takes up to four hours.


Question: What are side effects of an upper arm lift?

Answer: For the first 10 to 14 days after an arm lift, your arms will be quite swollen. There will be some temporary bruising, swelling, and numbness, but this usually disappears in time. The large arm scars will fade over time with the help of scar creams, massage, and silicone tape, but they will never completely go away. For some people, the scars can be noticeable. In rare cases, bleeding, infection, fluid build-up, permanent numbness of the inner arm, and asymmetry of the arms can occur.


Question: How does an upper arm lift work?

Answer: Each procedure is major surgery requiring extensive recovery. For the first 10 to 14 days after an arm lift, your arms will be quite swollen. You will need to wear supportive wraps for up to six weeks while the swelling improves. The surgical site can take up to one year to fully heal. During the procedure, the surgeon makes cuts underneath the buttock area, where the surgical scar won't be noticeable. Then, the surgeon removes excess skin and fat. All this is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning no overnight stay.


Question: How does a buttock lift work?

Answer: Each procedure is major surgery requiring extensive recovery. During the procedure, the surgeon makes cuts underneath the buttock area, where the surgical scar won't be noticeable. Then, the surgeon removes excess skin and fat. To improve the buttocks' overall look, the surgeon may also do liposuction. All this is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning no overnight stay. But gradually, as the surgical cuts heal, you can get back to normal activity, including sitting down.


Question: What can I do for my child when he wets the bed so he doesn't feel guilty ?

Answer: What you can do: Don't complain about wet sheets in front of your child, since this may make him feel guilty. And don't punish him, since it's not his fault.


Question: How can you choose the best type of estrogen replacement therapy?

Answer: When deciding what type of estrogen therapy to get, work closely with your doctor. While oral estrogen has been around for a long time and is well studied, some of these newer ways of getting hormone therapy are not. They may have lower risks or different risks that we don't know about yet. Your doctor should be up to date on the latest research. Right now, the full risks of hormone therapy are unclear. So if you do decide to get ERT, experts generally recommend that you get it at the lowest dose for the shortest time possible. Talk to your doctor about how long you should expect to take ERT and how you can limit your risks.


Question: What are the pros to using estrogen replacement therapy topical creams, gels, and sprays?

Answer: As with patches, this type of estrogen treatment is absorbed through the skin directly into the bloodstream.


Question: What are the pros to using estrogen replacement therapy pills?

Answer: Like other types of estrogen therapy, estrogen pills can reduce or resolve troublesome symptoms of menopause. They can also lower the risk of osteoporosis. While there are newer ways of getting ERT, oral estrogen medicines are the best-studied type of estrogen therapy.


Question: Which type of estrogen hormone therapy is right for you?

Answer: There are many types of estrogen therapy in many different forms -- pills, patches, suppositories, and more. The best type of hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) depends on your health, your symptoms, personal preference, and what you need to get out of treatment. For example, if you still have your uterus, then estrogen will be given in combination with the hormone progestin.


Question: What are estrogen replacement therapy pills?

Answer: Oral medication is the most common form of ERT. Examples are conjugated Estrogens ( Premarin), estradiol ( Estrace), and Estratab. Follow your doctor's instructions for dosing. Most estrogen pills are taken once a day without food. Some have more complicated dosing schedules.


Question: What should you know about using estrogen replacement therapy topical creams, gels, and sprays?

Answer: Because the estrogen is absorbed right through the skin, don't let other people in your family touch these creams or gels. If they do, they could get dosed with estrogen themselves. For the same reason, make sure your hands are clean and dry after applying the medication.


Question: What are the cons to using estrogen replacement therapy topical creams, gels, and sprays?

Answer: Estrogen gels, creams, and sprays have not been well-studied. While they could be safer than oral estrogen, experts aren't sure. So assume that they pose the same slight risk of serious conditions, like cancer and stroke. One potential problem with using this type of estrogen treatment is that the gel, cream or spray can rub or wash off before it's been fully absorbed. Make sure you let the topical dry before you put on clothes. Always apply it after you bathe or shower.


Question: What are the cons to using estrogen replacement therapy pills?

Answer: On its own, estrogen causes a slight increase in the risk of strokes, blood clots, and other problems. When combined with the hormone progestin, the risks of breast cancer and heart attack may rise as well. Oral estrogen -- like any estrogen therapy -- can also cause side effects. These include painful and swollen breasts, vaginal discharge, headache, and nausea. Because oral estrogen can be hard on the liver, people with liver damage should not take it. Instead, they should choose a different way of getting estrogen. Estrogen is also sometimes not well absorbed, especially if you take certain medicines or have stomach problems. It may also increase your cholesterol, because it is metabolized in the liver. Estrogen gels, creams, and sprays have not been well-studied.


Question: What are the pros to using estrogen replacement therapy patches?

Answer: While estrogen pills can be dangerous for people with liver problems, patches are OK, because the estrogen bypasses the liver and goes directly into the blood. A 2007 study also showed that the patch does not pose a risk of blood clots in postmenopausal women like oral estrogen does, though more studies are needed before making definitive conclusions on whether patches are safer than pills. Right now, all estrogens carry the same black-box warning with respect to clot formation. As with patches, this type of estrogen treatment is absorbed through the skin directly into the bloodstream. Estrogel is applied on one arm, from the wrist to the shoulder. Like patches, some of these treatments might be more convenient than taking a pill each day.


Question: What are the cons to using estrogen replacement therapy patches?

Answer: Because oral estrogen can be hard on the liver, people with liver damage should not take it. While some experts believe that estrogen patches may be safer than oral estrogen in other ways, it's too early to know. So, for now, assume that estrogen patches pose most of the same risks -- a very small increase in the risk of serious problems, like cancer and stroke. They also have many similar -- although perhaps milder -- side effects. These include painful and swollen breasts, vaginal discharge, headache, and nausea. So don't use tanning beds or saunas while you're wearing an estrogen patch.


Question: What surgeries are used for treating keratoacanthoma?

Answer: There are a few different surgeries your doctor may use. He can: Scrape off the tumor and seal up the wound. Apply liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy the tumor. This is called cryosurgery. Cut the tumor out and use stitches to close the area. Remove one layer of tissue at a time and examine each one under a microscope to make sure all abnormal cells are gone. This is called Mohs surgery. It's the most precise way to get rid of keratoacanthoma but also the most expensive.


Question: What makes you more like to get keratoacanthoma?

Answer: Doctors don't know what causes keratoacanthoma, but some things make you more likely to get it: Sun exposure HPV infection Some cancer-causing chemicals Your genes A weak immune system Your doctor will probably take a biopsy, or a piece of the tumor, to send to an expert called a pathologist, who will examine the sample under a microscope.


Question: What is the outlook for keratoacanthoma?

Answer: But it may leave a worse scar than one from surgery. It could also come back, so it's best to get it removed. If you don't treat it, keratoacanthoma can spread throughout your body.


Question: What is keratoacanthoma?

Answer: Once you spot it, it's important to talk to your doctor. It sometimes happens to people before they get squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common type of skin cancer. If you catch the problem early, treatment usually works well. You might think you have a pimple or boil at first, but keratoacanthoma can grow fast and get as big as a quarter in a couple of months. It looks like a small, red or skin-colored volcano -- there's a distinctive crater at the top of the lump that often has keratin, or dead skin cells, inside.


Question: What are some other treatments used to keratoacanthomas?

Answer: If you can't have surgery, or if you have multiple keratoacanthomas, you can try other treatments: The chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil. You can get it as a cream to rub on your skin or as a shot. Injections of the chemotherapy drugs bleomycin or methotrexate Radiation Drugs like retinoids that you take by mouth It's not unusual for a single keratoacanthoma to shrink and disappear on its own after several months.


Question: What are the treatments for keratoacanthoma?

Answer: Your doctor will have to remove a large-enough piece so the pathologist can see the shape of the tumor with its distinctive crater. It's the most common type of multiple keratoacanthoma.


Question: What conditions are related to keratoacanthoma?

Answer: The most common treatment is surgery to remove the keratoacanthoma. There can be so many that doctors can't remove them all with surgery. Ferguson- Smith. This can cause as many as 100 keratoacanthomas at one time. It's a condition you can get through your genes and may start as early as age 8. You may take retinoid medicine to try to reduce the number of additional tumors. Grzybowski syndrome is even more rare. It causes tumors that are smaller but itch intensely. They may even show up in the mouth.


Question: What conditions are obese children at risk for?

Answer: Obese children are at risk for a number of conditions, including: High cholesterol High blood pressure Early heart disease Diabetes Bone problems Skin conditions such as heat rash, fungal infections, and acne The best person to determine whether or not your child is overweight is your child's doctor.


Question: How do I know if my child is overweight or obese?

Answer: Obese children are at risk for a number of conditions, including: High cholesterol High blood pressure Early heart disease Diabetes Bone problems Skin conditions such as heat rash, fungal infections, and acne The best person to determine whether or not your child is overweight is your child's doctor. In determining whether or not your child is overweight, the doctor will measure your child's weight and height and compute his '' BMI,'' or body mass index, to compare this value to standard values. The doctor will also consider your child's age and growth patterns.


Question: How can spironolactone (Aldactone) help with treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Answer: If birth control doesn't stop hair growth after 6 months, your doctor may prescribe spironolactone ( Aldactone). It lowers the level of a type of sex hormone called androgens. But you shouldn't take it if you're pregnant or plan to become pregnant, because it can cause birth defects.


Question: How can birth control help with treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Answer: Hormonal birth control -- pills, a skin patch, vaginal ring, shots, or a hormonal IUD (intrauterine device) -- can help restore regular periods. The hormones also treat acne and unwanted hair growth. These birth control methods may also lower your chance of having endometrial cancer, in the inner lining of the uterus.


Question: How can you help with reading if your child has dyslexia?

Answer: There are all kinds of ways to support your child's reading. Try some of these ideas: Listen to audio books and have your child read along with them. Make sure he spends some time reading alone, both quietly and aloud. Re-read his favorite books. It may be a little boring for you, but it helps him learn. Take turns reading books aloud together. Talk about the stories you read together and ask questions like, â What do you think happens next?â Use schoolbooks, but you can also branch out into graphic novels and comic books, too. And don't forget that you need to read on your own, too. A lot of times, close enough is a huge success.


Question: How can you help your child at school if they have dyslexia?

Answer: Next, you'll want to work closely with your child's school to make sure all the right services and resources are in place. There should be a support team helping to create an Individualized Education Plan ( IEP) for your child. This will provide classroom accommodations and extra support to facilitate learning. You could ask about the qualifications of the teachers to support your child's learning and you may want to research schools designed for dyslexic students. The earlier you start, the better it will be for your child. You need to be firm about schoolwork and routine, but make sure to show constant love, support, and patience.


Question: How can you successfully set a bedtime routine for helping a baby sleep through the night?

Answer: Some parents start their baby's bedtime routine as early as 6 to 8 weeks old. Your baby's routine can be any combination of regular bedtime activities. The keys to success: Play active games during the day and quiet games in the evening. This keeps your baby from getting too excited right before bedtime but gets her tired from the day's activities. Keep activities the same and in the same order, night after night. Make every activity calm and peaceful, especially toward the end of the routine. Many babies enjoy bathing right before bedtime, which calms them down.


Question: How can I understand my baby's sleep needs?

Answer: Your baby may sleep from 10 to 18 hours a day, sometimes for 3 to 4 hours at a time. But babies don't know the difference between day and night. So they sleep with no regard for what time it is. That means your baby's wide-awake time may be from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. By 3 to 6 months, many babies are able to sleep for a stretch of 6 hours. But just as you think your baby is getting into a nice routine -- usually between 6 and 9 months -- normal developmental stages can throw things off. For instance, when your baby begins to associate bedtime with being left alone, she may start crying just to keep you around.


Question: When should you put your baby to bed?

Answer: Starting when your baby is 6 to 12 weeks old, soothe her until she is drowsy. When she's on the verge of sleep, put her down and let her drift off on her own. Don't wait until she's fully asleep in your arms; this could be a behavior that may become a struggle to get rid of later in her life. This routine will teach your baby to soothe herself to sleep, and you won't need to rock or cuddle her to sleep every time she wakes up during the night.


Question: What is the Ferber Method of sleep training?

Answer: One crying-it-out type of sleep training is the well-known Ferber Method, also known as " Progressive Watching" or " Graduated Extinction." The goal is to teach your baby how to sleep on her own and put herself back to sleep if she wakes up during the night. Richard Ferber, MD, director of the Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders at Children's Hospital Boston, developed this method. He advises parents not to start this training until their baby is at least 5 or 6 months old. Here's an overview of how it's done: Put your baby in her crib -- drowsy, but awake. Once you've finished her bedtime routine, leave the room. If your baby cries, wait a few minutes before you check on her. The amount of time you wait depends on you and your baby. You might start waiting somewhere between 1 and 5 minutes. When you re-enter your baby's room, try to console her. But do not pick her up and do not stay for more than 2 or 3 minutes, even if she's still crying when you leave. Seeing your face will be enough to assure your baby that you are close by so she can eventually fall asleep on her own. If she continues crying, gradually increase the amount of time you wait before going in to check on her again. For instance, if you wait 3 minutes the first time, wait 5 minutes the second time, and 10 minutes each time after that. The next night, wait 5 minutes the first time, 10 minutes the second time, and 12 minutes each time after that. Adopting this method might be difficult during the first few nights. But you'll likely see improvement in your baby's sleep pattern by day 3 or 4. Most parents see an improvement within a week.


Question: What should I know before trying the Ferber Method of sleep training my baby?

Answer: Tip: If you want to try the Ferber Method, make sure you're well rested before the first night of sleep training. For the first nights especially, you'll spend a lot of time listening for your baby's cries, checking your watch, and entering and exiting her room.


Question: Does the Ferber Method work for most parents in terms of getting their baby to sleep through the night?

Answer: Adopting this method might be difficult during the first few nights. Studies show that, even if parents make it through the first night or two, they usually find that enforcing sleep this way is too stressful. Many parents were not able to ignore their babies long enough or consistently enough for them to stop crying and eventually fall asleep on their own.


Question: Does sugar or TV cause ADHD?

Answer: Although it's been debated, research does not show that ADHD is linked to eating too much sugar or watching a lot of TV.


Question: Can problems during pregnancy increase risk of ADHD?

Answer: The same is true for children with head injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain, the area that controls impulses and emotions. Studies show that pregnant women who smoke or drink alcohol may have a higher risk of having a child with ADHD.


Question: What happens chemically in the brain of someone with ADHD?

Answer: Studies show that brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, don't work the same in children and adults with ADHD. There also tend to be differences in the way nerve pathways work. Certain parts of the brain may be less active or smaller in children with ADHD than those without the disorder. The brain chemical dopamine may also play a role.


Question: Can exposure to toxins or other substances during pregnancy cause ADHD?

Answer: Studies show that pregnant women who smoke or drink alcohol may have a higher risk of having a child with ADHD. Exposure to lead, PCBs, or pesticides may also have a role. Researchers believe that some toxins may interfere with brain development.


Question: Does risk of ADHD increase if a parent or sibling has it?

Answer: There are genetic characteristics that seem to be passed down. If a parent has ADHD, a child has more than a 50% chance of having it. If an older sibling has it, a child has more than a 30% chance. Certain parts of the brain may be less active or smaller in children with ADHD than those without the disorder.


Question: When should I call my doctor about impetigo?

Answer: Call Your Doctor About Impetigo if: You have sores or a rash that worsens or becomes more uncomfortable. An impetigo infection needs prompt medical attention. Small, pus-filled sores form, with a dark brown crust. This indicates ecthyma, a deeper form of skin infection that penetrates into the skin. If left untreated, it may cause scarring and permanent changes in skin pigmentation.


Question: Does impetigo look like herpes?

Answer: NOTE: Sores associated with impetigo may be mistaken for herpes, a viral infection. Impetigo spreads faster and never develops inside the mouth. If in doubt, see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.


Question: What does impetigo look like?

Answer: The infection may continue to spread at the edges of the infected area or affect other areas of skin. This indicates ecthyma, a deeper form of skin infection that penetrates into the skin.


Question: What blood pressure reading means you have hypertension?

Answer: A blood pressure of 130/80 or higher is considered high. This is called hypertension A blood pressure between 120 and 129 and less than 80 is considered elevated. This means that you do not have hypertension, but you are likely to develop it in the future unless you adopt lifestyle changes to keep your blood pressure under control.


Question: What are tips to help food taste better with less salt?

Answer: You can teach your taste buds to enjoy less salty foods. Here are a few tips: Check food labels for the amount of salt in foods. Cook rice, pasta and hot cereals without salt. Cut back on instant or flavored rice, pasta, and cereal mixes, because they usually have added salt. A research study called the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH) showed that you can reduce your blood pressure by eating foods rich in grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products.


Question: What are tips to help me lose weight and prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you lose weight and get on the road to healthy eating: Choose foods high in fiber. In general, you should choose whole-grain instead of processed starches. Limit serving size. Keep a food diary. Exercise can also lower blood pressure.


Question: How does the chronic pain from fibromyalgia affect your life?

Answer: Fibromyalgia's chronic pain seems unending. The ongoing headaches, neck pain, aching joints, and painful tender points prevent sleep, causing you to awaken frequently at night. While you want to exercise and be active, you may suffer with foot pain, hip pain, knee pain, or other painful joints. For women with fibromyalgia who must take care of family members and work full-time, coping with pain is a challenge. If there is undiagnosed pain and no effective treatment or medication for the fibromyalgia, the overwhelming feelings can lead to irritability, exhaustion, anxiety, social isolation, and depression.


Question: What are symptoms of a bee sting?

Answer: If you're allergic, you may have a more serious reaction. Some people get severe swelling at the site of the sting. A few have life-threatening symptoms, even if they've never before had an allergic reaction to a bee sting.


Question: How do you treat a bee sting if you aren't severely allergic?

Answer: If you've never had a severe reaction to a sting before, and you just have itching, redness, and swelling right around the sting site, but are otherwise OK: Cool the hurt area with ice off and on (10 minutes on, 10 minutes off). Use a towel. Don't put ice directly on your skin and don't use heat. Raise the area of the sting to reduce swelling. Take an antihistamine and use a hydrocortisone cream to ease swelling and itching.


Question: What should you ask your doctor about bee stings?

Answer: If you're allergic, you may have a more serious reaction. If you're allergic to bee stings, ask your doctor if you should carry epinephrine shots with you. It's a way to very slowly get your body used to an allergen, so you won't have as bad a reaction if you're stung again.


Question: How do You prevent bee stings?

Answer: The riskiest symptoms to watch for are: Itching, hives, or swelling over a large part of your body -- not just where you got stung Face, throat or tongue starts to swell Trouble breathing Dizziness Stomach cramps Nausea or diarrhea If you have these symptoms, use an epinephrine shot ( Auvi- Q or Epi- Pen) if you carry them with you -- always have two on hand. Don't swat at or run from bees. Don't drink from open soda or cans. They attract bees. Cover outdoor garbage cans with tightly fitting lids. Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes and colognes and brightly colored clothing, which attract insects. Be careful when you do yard work. Wear socks, shoes, and gloves. Use screens on doors and windows. Keep car windows closed. Wear long pants and long sleeves outdoors.


Question: Does choline raise your risk of colorectal cancer?

Answer: One study found that people who got very high amounts of choline in their diets had a higher risk of colorectal cancer. But the connection isn't clear.


Question: How much choline do you need?

Answer: The Institute of Medicine says that adult women need 425 mg of choline a day in their diets for good health, and more if they're pregnant (450 mg) or breastfeeding (550 mg.) Adult men need 550 mg a day. As a supplement, there's no standard dose for choline. Ask your health care provider for advice.


Question: How does choline interact with other medicines?

Answer: So far, studies have not found that choline helps with other conditions. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: What is choline and what does it do?

Answer: Choline is an essential nutrient. Getting very low levels of choline can cause liver damage. But most people get enough choline in their diets. Although the scientific evidence is scanty, choline supplementation is used for liver disease, neurological diseases including depression, bodybuilding, and as a supplement in infant formula. Choline is found in many foods, including meat, liver, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, peas, spinach, and others. But the connection isn't clear.


Question: What are side effects of taking choline?

Answer: Side effects. These may include sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Choline may also make you smell "fishy." If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using choline supplements.


Question: How can you get choline?

Answer: Getting very low levels of choline can cause liver damage. Although the scientific evidence is scanty, choline supplementation is used for liver disease, neurological diseases including depression, bodybuilding, and as a supplement in infant formula.


Question: What are some precautions about taking choline?

Answer: Choline is an essential nutrient. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. These may include sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Choline may also make you smell "fishy."


Question: Should I get mold in my house tested?

Answer: That's up to you, but the CDC doesn't recommend it. Mold is everywhere, and there aren't guidelines for safe levels of it. If you have mold, it's best to get rid of it no matter what kind it is. It can make you sick and damage your home.


Question: Can mold make you sick?

Answer: Allergies are the most common health problem that mold causes. You may get symptoms like: Coughing Itchy, irritated eyes Sneezing Stuffy or runny nose Wheezing Mold can also trigger an asthma attack.


Question: What is toxic mold?

Answer: But if you have a long-term lung condition or a weak immune system, it can lead to more serious issues, such as: Aspergillosis, an infection that causes chest pain and trouble breathing Pneumonia, where you get swelling in the air sacs of your lungs Pneumonitis, where your immune system attacks your lung cells and causes swelling Some molds do make toxins, but scientists don't actually call them âtoxicâ molds. That name came more from the news than science. Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus.


Question: Is there any link between mold and lung cancer?

Answer: The only possible link is this: Mold can cause pulmonary fibrosis ( PF), which is scarring in your lungs. If you have PF for a long time, it can make you more likely to get lung cancer. But most of the time, people don't know how they got PF, and mold isn't a leading cause. So even this possibility isn't strong.


Question: What can mold lead to?

Answer: But if you have a long-term lung condition or a weak immune system, it can lead to more serious issues, such as: Aspergillosis, an infection that causes chest pain and trouble breathing Pneumonia, where you get swelling in the air sacs of your lungs Pneumonitis, where your immune system attacks your lung cells and causes swelling Some molds do make toxins, but scientists don't actually call them âtoxicâ molds.


Question: What is stachybotrys?

Answer: Better known as black mold, this one gets a lot of press. Black mold isn't rare, but it's also not very common. And it needs a lot of moisture to grow. So even if you have black-colored mold in your bathroom, it's not likely this one.


Question: Does mold cause lung cancer?

Answer: In fact, it's a pretty far stretch to find any connection at all. If you have PF for a long time, it can make you more likely to get lung cancer. Allergies are the most common health problem that mold causes. But there's no research that shows a definite link between its toxins and serious illness.


Question: What is aspergillus?

Answer: Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus. That doesn't mean it's not a concern, but it's often blamed without real proof. It can make you sick and damage your home.


Question: What is mold?

Answer: They thrive in warm, damp, humid places, indoors and out. They spread by making tiny spores, smaller than breadcrumbs, which float through the air to find new homes. Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus.


Question: Can mold cause asthma?

Answer: Mold can cause health problems, especially allergies and asthma. Or chronic sinusitis, where your sinuses swell up and won't settle down.


Question: How are breast lifts done?

Answer: There are several surgical techniques used including: Wise pattern. The incision, in the shape of an anchor, goes around the chest and below the breast. Le Jeour. The incision goes around the areola and down. Donut or peri-areolar. The incision goes around the areola only. This surgery involves some degree of permanent scarring, but products are available that may help to minimize the appearance of scars.


Question: When should you test for ketones if you have diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours.


Question: How does a urine ketone test work?

Answer: You can buy this kind of test at your local drugstore and do it at home. Also, you can have one done while you're at the doctor's office. To take it, pee into a clean container to get a sample and then do the following: Put the strip from your test into the sample (or you can hold the test strip under your urine stream). Shake the strip gently. The strip will change color; the directions will tell you how long that takes. Check the strip color against the chart that came with your test kit. This will show you the ketone level.


Question: Who needs ketone tests?

Answer: You might need one if you have type 1 diabetes. In this type, your immune system attacks and destroys cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Without it, your blood sugar rises. People with type 2 diabetes can also get high ketones, but it isn't as common as it is with type 1. Tests can show you when your level gets high so you can treat it before you get sick.


Question: How does a blood ketone test work?

Answer: You can also take this test at home or at your doctor's office. To take the blood sample, the doctor will put a thin needle into a vein in your arm to pull out blood or prick a finger. You can also use a home meter and blood test strips. Some blood glucose meters test for ketones, too. To take this kind of test at home: Insert one of the blood ketone test strips into the meter until it stops Wash your hand with soap and water, and then dry it Stick your finger using the lancing device Place a drop of blood into the hole on the strip Check the result, which will display on the meter A urine test will show that you have: No ketones Trace amounts of ketones Moderate levels of ketones Large amounts of ketones Blood test results: Less than 0.6 = normal 0.6 - 1.0 = slightly high 1.0 - 3.0 = moderately high Higher than 3.0 = very high Write down your results on a chart or in a journal.


Question: What signs of DKA should cause you to take a ketone test?

Answer: Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours.


Question: What does a ketone test use to test?

Answer: A ketone test uses a sample of either your pee or blood. Talk to your doctor about which is best for you.


Question: What are ketones?

Answer: Everyone has them, whether you have diabetes or not. Ketones are chemicals made in your liver. You produce them when you don't have enough of the hormone insulin in your body to turn sugar (or âglucoseâ) into energy. You need another source, so your body uses fat instead. Your liver turns this fat into ketones, a type of acid, and sends them into your bloodstream. Your muscles and other tissues can then use them for fuel. For a person without diabetes, this process doesn't become an issue. But when you have diabetes, things can run out of control and you build up too many ketones in your blood.


Question: When should I test my ketones regularly?

Answer: Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours. During pregnancy, test them every morning before you eat breakfast.


Question: What does a ketone test indicate?

Answer: But when you have diabetes, things can run out of control and you build up too many ketones in your blood. Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours. A ketone test uses a sample of either your pee or blood. You can also take this test at home or at your doctor's office. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones


Question: How can I bring down my ketone levels?

Answer: Call your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if they are very high. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones


Question: If I haven't qualified for Medicaid in the past due to cancer, could I qualify now?

Answer: You might qualify for Medicaid, even if you haven't qualified in the past. Some states have expanded Medicaid to cover more people. Check with your state's Marketplace to find out if your state is one of those.


Question: Are mental health benefits on health plans allowed to be more limited than other health care benefits?

Answer: In addition, mental health services must be provided under the same terms and conditions as other health care services. Health plans can no longer provide more limited mental health benefits than they do for other health care benefits. How much you pay for your care will depend on the plan you enroll in. You can also get these services through Medicare and Medicaid.


Question: What are the rules for cancer medical cost limits under the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Annual and lifetime limits have gone away. If you are sick, you cannot be charged more for health insurance. Your out-of-pocket costs will be limited. There's a maximum amount, or cap, on how much you'll have to spend on copays, coinsurance, and deductibles.


Question: Can I get government financial help for medical costs if I have cancer?

Answer: Health plans* have to help pay for your cancer treatment. Both tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies are available to people with qualifying incomes. Check on healthcare.gov to find out.


Question: What health benefits for cancer must be covered in my health plan?

Answer: Health plans sold on state Marketplaces, through the individual market, and through small employers must cover mental health services. You may need some of these services as a cancer patient, including such services as: Chronic disease care Emergency care Hospital care Lab services Mental health services Outpatient treatment Prescription drug coverage Rehabilitation services Be aware that each state determines exactly what must be covered under these categories. Individual health plans may add to those minimum requirements. It's important to read the plan's summary of benefits to see what your costs will be before you enroll.


Question: What rights are given to people with cancer under the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: You have rights as a cancer patient under the Affordable Care Act: Your insurance cannot be canceled because you have cancer. You cannot be denied insurance if you have cancer. Children with cancer cannot be turned down for coverage. If you qualify and want to take part in a clinical trial, your health plan must help pay for routine costs associated with approved clinical trials. A trial may help you get new cancer treatments. You might be able to get financial help to pay for some costs if you're buying insurance through your state's Marketplace. * Grandfathered health plans, those that existed before the Affordable Care Act was passed and have not significantly changed, are not required to offer some of these protections, such as bans on pre-existing conditions or annual limits on benefits. Check with your insurance company or HR department to find out if you're in a grandfathered plan. In addition, short-term health plans do not have to offer these benefits or protections. Short-term health policies are those in effect for less than 12 months, although they can be renewed for up to 3 years.


Question: Are the Affordable Care Act limits on how much you have to pay for medical care effective for cancer patients?

Answer: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, that made you pay the full cost of meds once you reached the annual drug-spending limit.


Question: How can you set your baby's day-night cycle?

Answer: Starting when your baby is 2 weeks old, try to teach her that ânighttime is when we sleep, and daytime is when we have fun.â During daylight hours, keep things stimulating and active for your baby. Play with her a lot. Try to keep her awake after she feeds, although don't worry if she conks out for a nap. When it's dark, become a more low-key parent for your baby. Feed her in a semi-darkened room. Cut down on all stimulation. For instance, keep lights low and noise soft.


Question: When do babies develop regular sleep patterns?

Answer: The good news is that by 3 to 6 months babies typically develop regular sleep patterns and can slumber until dawn. As your baby's brain matures over these first few months, you'll probably see a sleep pattern start to emerge -- though it may not be the pattern you want.


Question: When should I stop waking my baby at night for feedings?

Answer: If your baby is gaining weight properly, you don't have to wake her at night for feedings. Your baby needs to find her own sleep schedule. Once she's eating more in the daytime, she doesn't need to wake and eat at night.


Question: How can you separate your baby's eating time from sleeping time?

Answer: After the first month, you don't want to let your baby fall asleep while you're feeding or rocking her, because you want her to figure out how to put herself to sleep. If she goes to sleep and keeps sleeping when you're feeding her, stop and put her to bed. Some parents try to push more formula, breast milk, or baby food to try to make a baby sleep on schedule or sleep longer. This isn't good for your baby. Note: Never prop a baby bottle in your infant's mouth when you put her to bed.


Question: How can you get retinopathy if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: People with type 2 diabetes may already have abnormalities in the eyes related to the development of diabetes. Over time more and more people who initially do not have eye problems related to the disease will develop some form of eye problem. It is important to control not only sugars but blood pressure and cholesterol to prevent progression of eye disease. Fortunately, the vision loss isn't significant in most.


Question: Who gets type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Anyone can get type 2 diabetes. However, those at highest risk for the disease are those who are obese or overweight, people with family members who have type 2 diabetes and people who have metabolic syndrome (a cluster of problems that include high cholesterol, high triglycerides, low good ' HDL' cholesterol and a high bad ' LDL' cholesterol, and high blood pressure). In addition, older people are more susceptible to developing the disease since aging makes the body less tolerant of sugars.


Question: What is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes produce insulin; however, the insulin their pancreas secretes is either not enough or the body is unable to recognize the insulin and use it properly. This is called insulin resistance. When there isn't enough insulin or the insulin is not used as it should be, sugar (glucose) can't get into the body's cells to be used for fuel. When sugar builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body's cells are not able to function properly.


Question: How is poor blood circulation and nerve damage related to type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Poor blood circulation and nerve damage. Damage to nerves and hardening of the arteries leads to decreased sensation and poor blood circulation in the feet. This can lead to increased infections and an increased risk of ulcers which heal poorly and can in turn significantly raises the risk of amputation. Damage to nerves may also lead to digestive problems, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.


Question: How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?

Answer: If your health care provider suspects type 2 diabetes, he or she will first check for abnormalities in your blood (high blood sugar levels). In addition, he or she may look for sugar or ketone bodies in your urine. Tests used to diagnose type 2 diabetes include a fasting plasma glucose test or a casual plasma glucose test.


Question: What problems are associated with the build up of sugar in blood?

Answer: Other problems associated with the build up of sugar in the blood include: Dehydration. The build up of sugar in the blood can cause an increase in urination (to try to clear the sugar from the body). When the kidneys lose the sugar through the urine, a large amount of water is also lost, causing dehydration. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma . When a person with type 2 diabetes becomes severely dehydrated and is not able to drink enough fluids to make up for the fluid losses, they may develop this life-threatening complication. Damage to the body. Over time, high sugar levels in the blood may damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys, and heart and predispose a person to atherosclerosis (hardening) of the large arteries that can cause heart attack and stroke.


Question: How is kidney damage related to type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The risk of kidney disease increases over time, meaning the longer you have diabetes the greater your risk. This complication carries significant risk of serious illness -- such as kidney failure and heart disease.


Question: What helps treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: What helps: You need medicine to control the symptoms and also to know what your triggers are, including which foods are irritating, so that you can avoid them. You'll want to work with your doctor, and write down your symptoms and what was going on right before they struck (including food and stress). A nutritionist who specializes in these conditions can also be a good resource.


Question: What is gastroparesis in diabetes?

Answer: What happens: Over time, uncontrolled diabetes harms your nerves. If it damages your vagus nerve, which stimulates muscles that move food through your digestive system, digestion can slow down or stop. That can lead to heartburn, nausea, bloating, and feeling too full after you've eaten. Doctors call this gastroparesis. The most common cause is diabetes, but it sometimes also affects people with nervous system disorders, like Parkinson's disease (see below) and multiple sclerosis.


Question: How can heart failure affect my nutrition?

Answer: What happens: People with chronic heart failure can lose muscle mass, as well as fat and bone, leaving them frail. Causes include swelling of the bowel wall, which prevents the absorption of nutrients, and liver or kidney disease that can result from heart failure. They may lead to nausea. Once the wasting process starts, poor nutrition can make it worse.


Question: How can chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect the way I eat?

Answer: What happens: This lung disease gradually makes it harder to breathe. People who have it often find that their appetite isn't what it used to be. People with severe COPD can get very thin because they burn so many calories with the work of breathing. What helps: Since the disease causes your body to use up lots of energy during breathing, it's important to make sure you get enough calories.


Question: How can hepatitis affect the way I eat, and what are steps to control it?

Answer: What happens: This infectious disease commonly causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, weight loss, fatigue, and stomach discomfort. What helps: Avoid alcohol, try eating smaller, more frequent meals, and ask your doctor about medicine to fight nausea. There is a cure for hepatitis C, and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the treatment is weight loss.


Question: How do hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect my appetite and weight?

Answer: What happens: Your thyroid doesn't make enough hormones to keep your body running properly. You might not have any appetite, yet still unexpectedly gain weight. It can also cause uncomfortable constipation. ( Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, can trigger the opposite symptoms: extreme hunger and thirst, diarrhea, and weight loss.)


Question: How can anxiety and depression affect the way I eat?

Answer: What happens: Anxiety can upset your stomach. If you're depressed, that can lead to eating too little or too much. What helps: Food, on its own, isn't a cure. But a balanced diet may help you feel better, and stomach symptoms often gradually fade as you start to benefit from psychological treatment in the form of therapy, lifestyle changes (like exercise), and medication, if needed.


Question: Do I need to change my diet if I have kidney disease?

Answer: What helps: Your doctor will tell you how to change your diet. If you're in the earlier stages of kidney disease, you may need to focus on sodium. If your disease is more advanced, you may also have limits on how much potassium or protein you can get. If you have kidney stones, you may need to make other changes to your eating habits.


Question: How might cancer affect my appetite?

Answer: What happens: Cancer comes in many forms. Both the disease and its treatments can affect your nutrition. Many types dim your appetite, cause stomach pain, or make it tough to absorb the nutrients in food. Other kinds -- such as cancers of the head, neck, and esophagus -- can make it hard to chew and swallow. Then there's nausea from the treatments themselves.


Question: How can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the way I eat?

Answer: What happens: The virus can cause painful sores or infections inside your mouth or in your esophagus, making it difficult to swallow. Medications may also cause nausea and diarrhea, leaving you with little interest in eating.


Question: How can Parkinson's disease affect the way I eat?

Answer: What happens: The symptoms of Parkinson's, which affects your body's nervous system, often get worse gradually, and can include constipation, feeling overly full after eating, and trouble swallowing. It can also affect the nerves that control your digestive system, causing a condition called gastroparesis (see above in " Diabetes").


Question: What helps if someone with Alzheimer's forgets to eat?

Answer: What happens: As dementia sets in, people with Alzheimer's may forget to eat, become overwhelmed by choosing and cooking food, or have trouble using utensils. What helps: Offer lots of easy-to-eat foods, like smoothies and soups, so that the person you're caring for gets enough calories and stays hydrated. Try to limit distractions, and serve only one or two foods at a time. Remind the person that there's food in front of him or her.


Question: What is dysphagia after stroke?

Answer: Or you could have trouble digesting or absorbing the nutrients in food, and then have side effects from poor nutrition. What happens: The effects of a stroke depend on what part of the brain it affects. Many people who've had one find it hard to swallow, a condition called âdysphagia.â As a result, they may not get enough nutrients. What helps: Part of the recovery from a stroke could include learning to swallow again. Small pieces of foods, or small sips of liquid, may help. Some people may need to be fed through a tube.


Question: What can you do to check the effectiveness of drugs for inflammatory diseases?

Answer: When you are prescribed any drug, it is important to meet with your doctor regularly so he or she can check its effectiveness and detect the development of any side effects.


Question: How are inflammatory joint diseases treated?

Answer: There are a number of treatment options for inflammatory joint diseases including medications, rest, exercise, and surgery to correct joint damage. The type of treatment prescribed will depend on several factors including the type of disease, the person's age, type of medications he or she is taking, overall health, medical history, and severity of symptoms.


Question: What diseases are associated with inflammation?

Answer: Some, but not all types of arthritis, are the result of misdirected inflammation. Arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation in joints. Some types of arthritis associated with inflammation include: Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Gouty arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus The most common form of arthritis called osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative arthritis) is a bit of a misnomer.


Question: What are the  tests used to diagnose gallbladder problems?

Answer: A check of the blood's amylase or lipase levels to look for inflammation of the pancreas. A HIDA scan. In this test, a radioactive material called hydroxy iminodiacetic acid ( HIDA) is injected into the patient. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP), which uses magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to produce detailed pictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP), a procedure in which a tube is placed down the patient's throat, into the stomach, then into the small intestine. Dye is injected and the ducts of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas can be seen on X-ray.


Question: When should my baby visit the dentist for the first time?

Answer: Even if there isn't a problem, your child should go for his or her first dentist visit by age 1. The dentist can give you advice about: baby tooth care teething fluoride thumb sucking It can take two years before all of the infant teeth have made their way through your baby's gums.


Question: How should I take care of my baby's teeth?

Answer: But at first, the care won't involve a toothbrush and toothpaste. Instead, take these steps: Get a soft, moistened washcloth or piece of gauze. Gently wipe down your baby's gums at least twice a day. Especially wipe your baby's gums after feedings and before bedtime. This will wash off bacteria and prevent them from clinging to gums. Bacteria can leave behind a sticky plaque that damages infant teeth as they come in.


Question: How should I brush my baby's teeth?

Answer: Choose one with a: soft brush small head large handle At first, just wet the toothbrush. As soon as teeth erupt, you can start using toothpaste in the amount of a grain of rice. You can increase this to a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste when your child is age 3. Brush gently all around your child's baby teeth -- front and back.


Question: When do I let my baby brush their own teeth?

Answer: You should brush your baby's teeth until he or she is old enough to hold the brush. Continue to supervise the process until your child can rinse and spit without assistance. That usually happens at around age 6.