Question: Why do I need an endoscopy?

Answer: Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing Digestive tract bleeding Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation or diarrhea) Polyps or growths in the colon In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal of tissue) to look for the presence of disease. Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Also, using ERCP, gallstones that have passed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can often be removed.


Question: What is an endoscopy?

Answer: Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.


Question: What does a liver scan indicate?

Answer: Liver scans can do several important jobs: Check for liver cancer, hepatitis and cirrhosis Make tumors, abscesses, or cysts of the liver or spleen visible Help doctors see whether and how liver disease is advancing Watch the progress of treatment Look at damage to the liver or spleen from an accident Scan for any unexplained pain There are few risks for most people when having a liver scan.


Question: What should I keep in mind after a liver scan?

Answer: Like any medical test or procedure, you will have to prepare for your liver scan: Tell the radiologist if you're allergic to any medications, dyes, latex, or iodine Remove your jewelry Be ready to lie still on your back for at least 30 minutes When the scan is over, drink plenty of fluids afterward and go to the bathroom as often as possible to help flush out any remaining radionuclide. You can get back to your normal activities, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. If you notice swelling or redness around the IV site, call your doctor.


Question: Are there risks to getting a liver scan?

Answer: Liver scans can do several important jobs: Check for liver cancer, hepatitis and cirrhosis Make tumors, abscesses, or cysts of the liver or spleen visible Help doctors see whether and how liver disease is advancing Watch the progress of treatment Look at damage to the liver or spleen from an accident Scan for any unexplained pain There are few risks for most people when having a liver scan. Although the injection might cause a bit of discomfort, the amount of radioactive material you receive is tiny. Your liver and spleen, or your bone marrow, will absorb it. A patient might be allergic to the tracers, but this is very rare. You need to tell your doctor if you're pregnant, suspect you're pregnant, or if you're breastfeeding.


Question: How can I prepare for a liver scan?

Answer: Like any medical test or procedure, you will have to prepare for your liver scan: Tell the radiologist if you're allergic to any medications, dyes, latex, or iodine Remove your jewelry Be ready to lie still on your back for at least 30 minutes When the scan is over, drink plenty of fluids afterward and go to the bathroom as often as possible to help flush out any remaining radionuclide.


Question: What are mind-body healing treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Your doctor or health care provider might recommend that you try acupuncture, gentle massage, deep breathing, relaxation therapy, yoga or tai chi. The goal is to boost your energy, curb pain, or ease some of your other symptoms.


Question: What is "mindfulness-based" stress reduction?

Answer: Some studies show that acupuncture could reduce both mental and physical fatigue and depression in people who have ME/ CFS.


Question: Does acupuncture help with chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some studies show that acupuncture could reduce both mental and physical fatigue and depression in people who have ME/ CFS. Researchers have done some experiments where researchers compare one treatment to another or to no treatment at all. They found that certain types of massage, including tui na (a type of Chinese massage) might help with some symptoms like depression, fatigue, pain, and insomnia. "


Question: What is talk therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Several studies have found that a particular kind of talk therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) might reduce your symptoms. It can also help with the depression, stress, and anxiety that often go along with chronic fatigue syndrome. However, the largest studyâone that appeared to show a benefitâhas recently come under serious criticism. So the jury is still out: CBT may help some people with chronic fatigue syndrome, but that has been proven.


Question: Are there alternative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: There are lots of alternative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome â also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis ( ME/ CFS) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease ( SEID). These range from acupuncture to nutritional supplements, and people get different degrees of relief from them. There's much less research about the risks and benefits from alternative treatments. That doesn't necessarily mean that these approaches don't work. It just means that there isn't a lot of evidence one way or the other. But they help some people and are generally safe to try. Just like with any other type of treatment, it's best to talk with your doctor first, so he knows all the strategies you're trying. He can help you research what could work and watch out for any side effects.


Question: Does physical therapy help with chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some research has shown that graded exercise therapy can help reduce symptoms of ME/ CFE and improve stamina. This is a form of physical therapy that starts out with very little exercise and slowly adds more over time. The goal is to stop before you get tired, then go a little longer each time. Again, however, the largest study finding a benefit from graded exercise therapy has come under serious criticism. And some people with chronic fatigue syndrome feel much worse following exercise (the âpost-exertional malaiseâ that is a part of the illness. So the role of exercise in this illness is uncertain.


Question: Why do some scars look sunken or pitted?

Answer: Some scars can have a sunken or pitted appearance. This kind of scarring occurs when underlying structures supporting the skin (for example, fat or muscle) are lost. Some surgical scars have this appearance, as do some scars from acne.


Question: How can surgery help with scars on your skin?

Answer: Although it will not remove a scar, surgery can be used to alter a scar's shape or make it less noticeable. Surgery is not recommended in cases of hypertrophic or keloid scarring (raised scars) because there is a risk of recurring scars as well as more severe scarring that results from the treatment.


Question: How can antihistamines help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure?

Answer: You may also find antihistamines in some multi-symptom cold medicines which can help a runny nose and sneezing.


Question: When should you see your doctor about nasal congestion and sinus pressure?

Answer: Check in with her if you have nasal congestion and sinus pressure for more than 7 days. Make the call sooner if your symptoms are severe.


Question: How can you treat nasal congestion and sinus pressure at home?

Answer: When you're stuffed up, focus on keeping your nasal passages and sinuses moist. Although people sometimes think that dry air might help clear up a runny nose, it actually has the opposite effect. Drying out the membranes will irritate them further.


Question: How can decongestants help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure?

Answer: These medicines help reduce the swelling in your nasal passages and ease the stuffiness and sinus pressure.


Question: What can you do to treat nasal congestion and sinus pressure at home?

Answer: To keep your nasal passages moist, you can: Use a humidifier or vaporizer. Take long showers or breathe in steam from a pot of warm (but not too hot) water. Drink lots of fluids. This will thin out your mucus, which could help prevent blocked sinuses. Use a nasal saline spray. It's salt water, and it will help keep your nasal passages from drying out. Try a Neti pot, nasal irrigator, or bulb syringe. Use distilled, sterile water or H2 O that's been boiled and cooled to make up the irrigation solution. Rinse the irrigation device after each use and let it air dry. Place a warm, wet towel on your face. It may relieve discomfort and open your nasal passages. Prop yourself up. At night, lie on a couple of pillows. Keeping your head elevated may make breathing more comfortable. Avoid chlorinated pools. They can irritate your nasal passages.


Question: How can pain relievers help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure?

Answer: Although they won't clear up congestion, pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen can ease the pain caused by sinus pressure.


Question: What might you do if you need to lose weight quickly if you are obese?

Answer: If you need to lose weight quickly to protect your health, you may consider going on a very low-calorie diet if your doctor decides it's safe for you. People aren't supposed to stay on this diet for a long time because it lacks some of the nutrients the body needs. Such diets should be done only with careful medical supervision.


Question: What does an optician do?

Answer: They also: Check lens prescriptions Provide, adjust, and repair glasses, frames, and contact lenses Take facial measurements Help decide which type of lenses and frames will work best Order and check products, including contacts and eyeglass lenses One type isn't automatically better than the other.


Question: What are treatments for pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

Answer: Pregnant women with APS get injections of blood thinners and low doses of aspirin for the entire pregnancy, up until just before delivery. Then they continue treatment after the baby is born.


Question: If you have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) antibodies, what can make you more likely to have blood clot symptoms?

Answer: No one is certain why some people develop APS antibodies, but doctors do know that your chances are higher if you: Have an infection like HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C, or Lyme disease Are taking amoxicillin or certain blood pressure, heart-rhythm, and seizure medications Have lupus (about half of people with lupus also have APS) Have relatives with APS Again, if you have the APS antibodies you might never show signs of APS. But you're more likely to have symptoms of a blood clot if you: Get pregnant Have surgery Are obese Sit for a long time (like on bed rest or a long flight) Smoke Take birth control pills Have high cholesterol or high blood pressure Blood clots are the most common symptom of APS.


Question: What are things I can do to help with the treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

Answer: It's also important to treat any other conditions that put you at risk for blood clots, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and other autoimmune disorders. You also need to stop smoking and stop estrogen therapy (either for menopause or birth control) if you have APS.


Question: What is antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

Answer: Antiphospholipid syndrome ( APS) is one of those, but plenty of people with APS never have symptoms, and there are very good treatments for those who do. APS is a disorder that affects how your blood clots, which can cause lots of issues in your body. It mostly affects young women, and sometimes the reason why you develop is unclear. But doctors do know a lot about how APS works and how to treat it.


Question: What are follow-up treatments for toxic shock syndrome?

Answer: Go to a hospital emergency room or see a doctor for these symptoms, especially if the person has been using tampons, a diaphragm, or contraceptive sponge or has a skin wound or infection: High fever that appears suddenly Faintness Headache Muscle aches Vomiting Diarrhea Sunburn-like rash Confusion The doctor will do an exam and blood tests. If toxic shock syndrome is diagnosed, the person will likely be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics.


Question: What should you do about toxic shock syndrome?

Answer: The person shows signs of shock. See Shock Treatment. Go to a hospital emergency room or see a doctor for these symptoms, especially if the person has been using tampons, a diaphragm, or contraceptive sponge or has a skin wound or infection: High fever that appears suddenly Faintness Headache Muscle aches Vomiting Diarrhea Sunburn-like rash Confusion The doctor will do an exam and blood tests.


Question: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in children?

Answer: The most common form shows up around puberty. Children lose body fat from their arms, legs, and trunk while they gain fat in their face, chin, and neck. They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. They could have insulin resistance and an enlarged liver, too.


Question: How can I help my child manage their inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Because this condition affects how someone looks, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and giving her a meaningful, rewarding life. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying or offending or embarrassing you. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. Help her practice how she can respond with role-play and humor. Think about getting professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease.


Question: If my child has congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), how can a doctor help with reshaping his facial features?

Answer: As your child with CGL gets older, he may be able to get plastic surgery for his face with skin grafts from his thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features.


Question: What tests are used during the diagnosis of inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: After talking to you and doing a full exam, the doctor may want to do some tests to learn more about what type of lipodystrophy your child has. Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid Checking your child's blood for leptin won't diagnose lipodystrophy, but it can help your doctor decide how to treat it. Urine tests check for kidney problems. X-rays use radiation in low doses to make images of structures inside his body. These can show bone problems that some people with lipodystrophy have. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Genetic testing may find the specific problem genes to pinpoint what type of lipodystrophy he has.


Question: I have fat deposits caused by familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), how can I treat this?

Answer: People with FPL who have extra fat deposits can have liposuction to get rid of some areas, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for his appearance makes sense and when.


Question: What are my treatment options for congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL)?

Answer: People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too.


Question: I have familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), will I pass this onto my children?

Answer: Someone with FPL has a 50/50 chance of passing the faulty gene to their child.


Question: What can I expect with inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: How long and how well someone with inherited lipodystrophy lives depends on how well they can manage the complications. Heart, blood vessel, liver, and kidney problems are common, and sometimes they're life-threatening. Diabetes is often hard to control. Some people have bone, immune system, or hormone-related troubles.


Question: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in adults?

Answer: Adults with CGL have large hands and feet and a strong, square jawbone because their hormone balance is off and they keep growing. They could have larger than usual sex organs (clitoris, or penis and testicles). A woman might have irregular periods or no periods. She could have polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). She'll probably have extra hair on her upper lip and chin.


Question: How can I manage my familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL)?

Answer: Exercise, especially if you have FPL, will help you stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up where it shouldn't.


Question: How can I prevent serious complications of inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.


Question: What other problems can inherited lipodystrophy cause?

Answer: This condition causes other problems, too, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and fatty liver disease.


Question: What causes inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy. That's why there are different subtypes. Sometimes, just one bad gene from one parent can cause it; sometimes, you must get a gene from each parent. It's also possible to have a bad gene but not get the disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in babies?

Answer: Babies look very muscular because they have almost no body fat. Most have a large belly button or a hernia, or bulging, around it. They grow fast and are very hungry. Their skin may be dark, thick, and velvety in places, especially at the neck, armpits, and where their legs meet the trunk of their body. Infants usually develop an enlarged liver. Young kids have problems controlling their blood sugar and triglyceride levels. Some children will have trouble thinking and learning.


Question: What questions will my doctor ask me once I'm diagnosed with inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how your child looks only in certain areas, or all over? Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Has he had bad belly aches or oily poop? What other health problems does he have? Are his parents related by blood? Does anyone else in the family have problems with body fat?


Question: If my child has inherited lipodystrophy, what medications should they take?

Answer: If your child has diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar.


Question: Is family history important when diagnosis inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Since lipodystrophy is passed on by genes, your family history is very important.


Question: Is inherited lipodystrophy related to other illnesses?

Answer: Inherited lipodystrophy is actually a group of related illnesses. The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy.


Question: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in women?

Answer: It's easier to recognize FPL in women, since men tend to look muscular even without the disease. About one-quarter of women get more body hair. They can also have problems with their periods and may get PCOS. These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed?


Question: What can be used to diagnose sinus problems?

Answer: Symptoms include: Nasal congestion Pain or discomfort around the eyes, forehead or cheeks Cough Headache Thick nasal or post-nasal drainage Sometimes other tests such as computed tomography ( CT) scan or cultures are used to help make the diagnosis. Despite the recommendations that antibiotic use be judicious, they are still overused for sinusitis, according to many physicians who specialize in treating sinus problems. Some physicians say they give patients with sinusitis a prescription for antibiotics, and recommend they wait three to five days before filling it, and only fill it if symptoms are not better by then. A decongestant can be used to help relieve your symptoms and promote drainage. The longer symptoms last, the more likely a sinus problem is to be a bacterial infection, some experts say.


Question: When should antibiotics be used to treat sinus problems?

Answer: Antibiotics may be more appropriate to give to certain patients who are less able to fight off infection, such as those with diabetes, or serious heart or lung disease. And antibiotics should be considered in patients with severe sinusitis symptoms, according to the practice guidelines from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. If antibiotics are given, a 10- to 14-day course is recommended, according to the practice guidelines. Amoxicillin is typically the first choice for people who are not allergic to penicillin.


Question: Is an upper endoscopy safe?

Answer: If you have severe abdominal pain, a continuous cough or fever, chills, chest pain, nausea, or vomiting within 72 hours after an upper endoscopy, call your doctor's office right away or go to the emergency room. Serious risks with an endoscopy are rare.


Question: What is an upper endoscopy?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Upper endoscopy, also known as EGD, is a procedure in which a thin scope with a light and camera at its tip is used to look inside the upper digestive tract -- the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Usually performed as an outpatient procedure, upper endoscopy sometimes must be performed in the hospital or emergency room to both identify and treat conditions such as upper digestive system bleeding. The procedure is commonly used to help identify the causes of: Abdominal or chest pain Nausea and vomiting Heartburn Bleeding Swallowing problems Endoscopy can also help identify inflammation, ulcers, and tumors.


Question: Who should not have nonsurgical spinal decompression?

Answer: Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression. It is best not to try it if you are pregnant. People with any of these conditions should also not have nonsurgical spinal decompression: Fracture Tumor Abdominal aortic aneurysm Advanced osteoporosis Metal implants in the spine Surgical spinal decompression is another option for treating certain types of back pain.


Question: How is nonsurgical spinal decompression done?

Answer: These include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Physical therapy Exercise Limited rest Steroid injections Bracing Chiropractic Acupuncture You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy. The doctor fits you with a harness around your pelvis and another around your trunk. You either lie face down or face up on a computer-controlled table. A doctor operates the computer, customizing treatment to your specific needs. Treatment may last 30 to 45 minutes and you may require 20 to 28 treatments over five to seven weeks. Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression.


Question: What is spinal decompression therapy used for?

Answer: Doctors have used nonsurgical spinal decompression in an attempt to treat: Back or neck pain or sciatica, which is pain, weakness, or tingling that extends down the leg Bulging or herniated disks or degenerative disk disease Worn spinal joints (called posterior facet syndrome) Injured or diseased spinal nerve roots More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression.


Question: What are the risks of spinal decompression surgery?

Answer: As with any surgery, there are risks. These are some of the more common risks associated with spinal decompression surgery: Infection Bleeding Blood clots Allergic reaction to anesthesia Nerve or tissue damage Another risk of surgery is that it may not improve back pain much. It can be difficult to determine who will benefit from spinal decompression surgery.


Question: What should you know about spinal decompression therapy?

Answer: You may be unable to think of little else except finding relief. Some people turn to spinal decompression therapy -- either surgical or nonsurgical. Here's what you need to know to help decide whether it might be right for you.


Question: How effective is spinal decompression therapy?

Answer: Doctors have used nonsurgical spinal decompression in an attempt to treat: Back or neck pain or sciatica, which is pain, weakness, or tingling that extends down the leg Bulging or herniated disks or degenerative disk disease Worn spinal joints (called posterior facet syndrome) Injured or diseased spinal nerve roots More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression. To know how effective it really is, researchers need to compare spinal decompression with other alternatives to surgery. These include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Physical therapy Exercise Limited rest Steroid injections Bracing Chiropractic Acupuncture You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy.


Question: When should you seek medical care for macular degeneration?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Dark, blurry areas or whiteout that appears in the center of your vision In rare cases, you may have a change in your perception of color For age-related macular degeneration, you should see a doctor called an ophthalmologist. They specialize in eye care and surgery. In general, if you're older than 45 you should get a complete eye exam and then follow-up exams every 2 to 4 years. If you have age-related macular degeneration, check your vision every day and let your doctor know if you notice any changes. Keep in mind that vision problems could also be signs of another condition besides macular degeneration. Work with your doctor to get the right treatment for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: This may gradually turn into a dramatic loss of your central vision. Other symptoms include: Dark, blurry areas or whiteout that appears in the center of your vision In rare cases, you may have a change in your perception of color For age-related macular degeneration, you should see a doctor called an ophthalmologist.


Question: When should I see a doctor about age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: In general, if you're older than 45 you should get a complete eye exam and then follow-up exams every 2 to 4 years. If you have age-related macular degeneration, check your vision every day and let your doctor know if you notice any changes. Keep in mind that vision problems could also be signs of another condition besides macular degeneration.


Question: How does autologous (AUTO) stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?

Answer: In an autologous ( AUTO) transplant, doctors take healthy stem cells from your bone marrow or blood. They're frozen and carefully stored. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. After your treatment ends, your thawed stem cells are returned to your bloodstream through an IV. They'll find their way back to your bone marrow. Once there, they help your body make healthy blood cells again.


Question: How can stem cell treatments for cancer be harder for older patients?

Answer: Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects. Also, it's more likely you'll have another health condition like high blood pressure or diabetes. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant.


Question: What are stem cells?

Answer: They grow inside your marrow, the soft tissue of your bones. They're also in your blood, as well as blood from umbilical cords. As they mature, blood stem cells change into three types of cells your body needs: Platelets that help your blood clot Red blood cells that give your body oxygen White blood cells that fight off illness There are two types of transplants.


Question: How will my cancer treatment change before I get stem cell treatment?

Answer: You'll start out with a lower dose of chemo and radiation before you get the stem cells. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.


Question: What if my doctor can't find a donor for allogeneic transplant?

Answer: If your doctor can't find a donor, he may use cells from donated umbilical cord blood. After a baby is born, blood rich in stem cells remains in the discarded cord and placenta. It can be frozen and stored in a cord blood bank until its stem cells are needed. Cord blood is tested before it's banked. This lets doctors quickly check to see if there's a match for you.


Question: What are cancer stem cells?

Answer: They're cells that advance cancer. Experts used to think all cancer cells were the same. Now, there's reason to believe that special, fast-growing cancer stem cells keep your disease alive by reproducing. If that's true, in the next few years, the focus of treatments could shift from trying to shrink tumors to trying to kill this type of cell.


Question: What are some medication tips for vaginal yeast infections?

Answer: Use all the pills or creams, even if your symptoms go away before you run out of the medicine. Keep in mind that vaginal creams, vaginal tablets, and suppositories may be made with oil, which can damage condoms and diaphragms. So you'll need to use another birth control method or not have sex during treatment if you don't want to get pregnant. Never take any medication --- or even use a nonprescription vaginal cream --- while you're pregnant unless you've to your doctor first.


Question: How are antifungal vaginal creams used for vaginal yeast infections?

Answer: For severe yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe an antifungal vaginal cream. These usually come packaged with an applicator that helps you measure the right dose. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You can get a range of similar yeast infection medications without a prescription, too. Some are creams you apply inside the vagina. Others are suppositories or vaginal tablets you place in your vagina and let dissolve.


Question: What is a rebound headache?

Answer: If you take headache medicine too often, it can backfire. Your pain can come on stronger and more often. Doctors call this a "rebound" or "medication overuse" headache.


Question: What are the side effects of a migraine, aside from head pain?

Answer: Migraine can have many triggers, including: Stress Foods such as alcohol, aged cheese, and processed meats Caffeine (either from too much or from withdrawal) Menstruation Tension or fatigue Skipped meals Changes in your sleep patterns Besides head pain, migraine can make you sensitive to light, noise, and smells. You may have "auras," which means you have blurred vision or see spots, dots, or wavy lines. You may also have nausea and fatigue.


Question: What is the treatment for a rebound headache?

Answer: You'll need to work with your doctor to find the right treatment. Often, you just have to cut back on the medicine you take.


Question: What are the triggers of a migraine headache?

Answer: Migraine can have many triggers, including: Stress Foods such as alcohol, aged cheese, and processed meats Caffeine (either from too much or from withdrawal) Menstruation Tension or fatigue Skipped meals Changes in your sleep patterns Besides head pain, migraine can make you sensitive to light, noise, and smells.


Question: What are the triggers of a tension headache?

Answer: Triggers can include: Stress Trouble sleeping Neck pain Hunger Alcohol Caffeine Jaw or dental problems These headaches aren't typically made worse by physical activity, light, smells, or sounds. And they usually don't come with nausea and vomiting.


Question: What should someone do if they want to stop their headache pain?

Answer: To find the fix that works for you, you first need to know what type of headache you have.


Question: What are rebound or medication overuse headaches?

Answer: If you take headache medicine too often, it can backfire. Your pain can come on stronger and more often. Doctors call this a "rebound" or "medication overuse" headache. You'll need to work with your doctor to find the right treatment. Often, you just have to cut back on the medicine you take.


Question: How often does someone get tension headaches?

Answer: Triggers can include: Stress Trouble sleeping Neck pain Hunger Alcohol Caffeine Jaw or dental problems These headaches aren't typically made worse by physical activity, light, smells, or sounds. And they usually don't come with nausea and vomiting. Yours are "episodic" if you get them fewer than 15 days a month. They're "chronic" if you get them more often than that.


Question: What triggers migraines?

Answer: Migraine can have many triggers, including: Stress Foods such as alcohol, aged cheese, and processed meats Caffeine (either from too much or from withdrawal) Menstruation Tension or fatigue Skipped meals Changes in your sleep patterns Besides head pain, migraine can make you sensitive to light, noise, and smells. You may have "auras," which means you have blurred vision or see spots, dots, or wavy lines. You may also have nausea and fatigue.


Question: What causes a sinus headache?

Answer: These result from sinus congestion and inflammation, typically from a cold, the flu, or allergies such as hay fever.


Question: What equipment is put on the body during a sleep study or polysomnogram (PSG), and what do they do?

Answer: Sticky surface electrodes will be put on your face, scalp, chest and limbs. They'll send electrical signals, which are generated by your brain and muscle activity, to the measuring equipment. While you sleep these signals are recorded digitally. These sensors record your brain activity, heart rate, heart rhythm and blood pressure.


Question: As far as a sleep study, what happens in 2-night evaluation polysomnogram (PSG) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration?

Answer: On the first night, you'll have general monitoring and diagnostic evaluation. If sleep apnea is discovered, you'll come back for a second night to determine the right air pressure for CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) treatment. It delivers air into your airways through a specially designed nasal mask.


Question: What can you expect during a sleep study or polysomnogram (PSG)?

Answer: On the night of your sleep study, you'll be assigned to a private bedroom in a sleep center or hospital. Near the bedroom will be a central monitoring area, where technicians watch and check on you while you sleep. You'll be hooked up to equipment that may look uncomfortable. However, most people fall asleep with little difficulty.


Question: What kind of a sleep study is a diagnostic overnight polysomnogram (PSG)?

Answer: Diagnostic overnight PSG is general monitoring of sleep and a variety of body functions during sleep, including breathing patterns, oxygen levels in the blood, heart rhythms, and limb movements Diagnostic daytime multiple sleep latency test ( MSLT) is used to diagnose narcolepsy and to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness.


Question: How can radionuclide scanning help diagnose diseases of the digestive system?

Answer: In addition to showing the structure of an organ, radionuclide scanning allows the doctor to see how the organ is functioning. A diseased or poorly working organ will appear differently on the scan than will a healthy organ. The information from this test is valuable in diagnosing many diseases, including cancer. Because this test shows internal areas that are not visible on standard X-rays, radionuclide scanning can also help identify problems very early in the progression of a disease.


Question: What do upper GI tests diagnose?

Answer: This upper GI test is used to diagnose: Hiatal hernias Ulcers Tumors Esophageal varices Obstruction or narrowing of the upper GI tract Lower GI tests or barium enemas are used to examine the large intestine and the rectum.


Question: What does an upper GI test do, and how does it work?

Answer: Upper and Lower GI Tests Upper GI tests use X-rays to examine the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). For these tests, you need to drink a chalky liquid called barium. As the barium passes through the digestive tract, it fills and coats the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine making them more visible with X-ray. Then a fluoroscope machine is held over the part of the body being examined and transmits continuous images to a video monitor.


Question: How safe is radionuclide scanning?

Answer: Although radiation is used in this scanning technique, the test is very safe. The actual dose of radiation you receive is quite low and stays in your body only for a short time. Drinking plenty of fluids after your scan will help to eliminate any radioactive material from your system.


Question: How can a virtual colonoscopy diagnose diseases of the digestive system?

Answer: New technology has made it possible for a computer to take CT images of the colon and reconstruct a three-dimensional model of your colon -- called a virtual colonoscopy. The inside of this model can be inspected, obviously without causing any pain to you, while searching for abnormalities. However, if an abnormality is found, a scoping test, either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, will be needed to get a tissue sample.


Question: What does an abdominal ultrasound machine do, and how does it work?

Answer: The lower GI test is used to detect: Colon polyps Tumors Diverticular disease Gastroenteritis Strictures or sites of narrowing and obstruction Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Other causes of abdominal pain or blood, mucus, or pus in the stool Abdominal ultrasound The ultrasound machine sends out high-frequency sound waves that reflect off body structures, sending them to a computer that creates a picture of organs and structures in the abdomen. This is done with a handheld probe, called a transducer, which is moved over the abdomen. There is no exposure to radiation with this test.


Question: What does a lower GI test do, and how does it work?

Answer: This upper GI test is used to diagnose: Hiatal hernias Ulcers Tumors Esophageal varices Obstruction or narrowing of the upper GI tract Lower GI tests or barium enemas are used to examine the large intestine and the rectum. For this test, barium or an iodine-containing liquid is introduced gradually into the colon through a tube inserted into the rectum. As the barium passes through the lower intestines, it fills the colon, allowing the radiologist to see growths or polyps and areas that are narrowed. The fluoroscope machine is held over the part of the body being examined and transmits continuous images to the video monitor.


Question: What is radionuclide scanning?

Answer: Also called nuclear scanning, radionuclide scanning is a test in which the patient either swallows, inhales, or is injected with a small amount of radioactive material. A special camera is used to detect the radioactivity, producing images of organs and areas of the body that can't be seen well with standard X-rays. Many abnormal tissue growths, or tumors, are particularly visible using radionuclide scanning.


Question: How can magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnose diseases of the digestive system?

Answer: MRI produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce these images. The MRI examination poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed.


Question: What can upper GI tests find?

Answer: The lower GI test is used to detect: Colon polyps Tumors Diverticular disease Gastroenteritis Strictures or sites of narrowing and obstruction Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Other causes of abdominal pain or blood, mucus, or pus in the stool Abdominal ultrasound The ultrasound machine sends out high-frequency sound waves that reflect off body structures, sending them to a computer that creates a picture of organs and structures in the abdomen.


Question: How does an abdominal X-ray work?

Answer: Abdominal X-ray A small amount of radiation is used to take a picture that is recorded on film or a computer.


Question: Where can I find an endocrinologist?

Answer: An endocrinologist can work in: A medical practice with other endocrinologists A group with different kinds of doctors Hospitals You can search for one on the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists website.


Question: How often should I see my endocrinologist if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you take insulin, you should probably see your diabetes doctor every 3 or 4 months. Otherwise, you can go a little longer between visits, every 4 to 6 months. You may have to go more often when your diabetes isn't under control, you have complications, or you have new symptoms or they get worse.


Question: What do endocrinologists do?

Answer: They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.


Question: What is a pediatric endocrinologist?

Answer: They may work with adults or kids. When they specialize in treating children, they're called pediatric endocrinologists.


Question: When should someone see an endocrinologist for diabetes?

Answer: You take a lot of shots or use an insulin pump. Your diabetes has gotten tough to manage, or your treatment isn't working. You have complications from diabetes. You can always ask to go to an endocrinologist, too, even though your doctor doesn't suggest it first. When you see one, you'll still need to visit your primary doctor as well. They'll work together. Your endocrinologist will ask you about how you feel, what you're doing to manage your diabetes, and any trouble you're having.


Question: What will the endocrinologist want to know about a diabetes patient?

Answer: Symptoms Eating differently Working out more or less Been sick lately Started taking any medicines, vitamins, or supplements Chances are they'll want to check your blood pressure and your feet and test your blood glucose, urine, and cholesterol.


Question: How can laser ablation help with treating cervical cancer?

Answer: In this procedure, a laser beam is applied to either specific areas of cervical tissue or a whole layer of tissue at the surface of the cervix. The laser destroys these cells, leaving healthy cells in their place.


Question: What are cervical cancer exams and tests?

Answer: As with all cancers, an early diagnosis of cervical cancer is key to successful treatment and cure. Treating precancerous changes that affect only the surface of a small part of the cervix is much more likely to be successful than treating invasive cancer that affects a large portion of the cervix and has spread to other tissues. The most important progress that has been made in early detection of cervical cancer is widespread use of the Papanicolaou test ( Pap smear) and high-risk HPV testing. A Pap smear is done as part of a regular exam. During the procedure, cells from the surface of the cervix are collected and examined for abnormalities. Diagnosis of cervical cancer requires that a sample of cervical tissue (called a biopsy) be taken and analyzed under a microscope.


Question: Can cervical cancer be cured?

Answer: Health care providers who treat cancer often use the term "remission" rather than "cure." Although many women with cervical cancer recover completely, medical professionals sometimes avoid the word "cure," because the disease can recur.


Question: What is the survival rate for cervical cancer?

Answer: The prognosis for invasive cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer when it is found.


Question: How can loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) help in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?

Answer: The loop electrosurgical excision procedure ( LEEP) technique uses an electrified loop of wire to take a sample of tissue from the cervix. This procedure can often be performed in your gynecologist's office.


Question: How is cervical cancer staged?

Answer: By finding out how far it has spread, your health care providers can make a reasonable guess about your prognosis and the kind of treatment you will need. Cervical cancer is staged from stage 0 (least severe) to stage IV (metastatic disease, the most severe). Staging is based on size and depth of the cancerous lesion, as well as degree of spread.


Question: How can human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cervical cancer?

Answer: Forms of HPV, a virus whose different types cause skin warts, genital warts, and other abnormal skin disorders, have been shown to lead to many of the changes in cervical cells that may eventually lead to cancer. Certain types of HPV have also been linked to cancers involving the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, tongue, and tonsils. Genetic material that comes from certain forms of HPV (high-risk subtypes) has been found in cervical tissues that show cancerous or precancerous changes.


Question: What vaccines are approved to protect women from cervical cancer?

Answer: It protects against two strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that account for the development of 70% of cervical cancers and over 50% of precancerous lesions of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. Gardasil protects against the types of HPV (6 and 11) which are associated with over 90% of the cases of genital warts. Gardasil 9 can also be used in males and females ages 9 to-26. It prevents infection by the same HPV types as Gardasil plus HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58. Collectively, these types are implicated in 90% of cervical cancers.


Question: What is high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) in the cervix?

Answer: High-grade SIL ( HGSIL): A large number of precancerous cells, which look very different from normal cells, constitute a high-grade lesion. Like low-grade SIL, these precancerous changes involve only cells on the surface of the cervix. These lesions are also called moderate or severe dysplasia, CIN 2 or 3, or carcinoma in situ. They develop most often in women ages 30 to 40 years, but can occur at any age. Precancerous cells, even high-grade lesions, usually do not become cancerous and invade deeper layers of the cervix for many months, perhaps years.


Question: How can cryocautery help with treating cervical cancer?

Answer: In this procedure, a steel instrument is cooled to subzero temperatures by immersion in liquid nitrogen or a similar liquid. This ultracooled instrument is then applied to the surface of the cervix, freezing cells. They eventually die and are sloughed off, to be replaced by new cervical cells.


Question: How can chemotherapy treat cervical cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy is the use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. In cervical cancer, it is used most often when the cancer is locally advanced or has spread to other parts of the body. Just one drug or a combination of drugs may be given. Anticancer drugs used to treat cervical cancer may be given via an IV line or by mouth. Either way, chemotherapy is systemic treatment, meaning that the drugs flow through the body in the bloodstream. They can kill cancer cells anywhere in the body.


Question: How can maintaining good nutrition help with treating cervical cancer?

Answer: Maintaining good nutrition is one of the best things you can do. You may lose your appetite during treatment for cervical cancer. Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, and sores inside the mouth. However, if you take in enough calories and protein, you will maintain your strength and energy and better tolerate the side effects of treatment. Your cancer specialist (oncologist) or gynecologist may be able to recommend a nutritionist who can provide suggestions for keeping up your calorie and protein intake.


Question: What are stages of cervical cancer?

Answer: The stage of a cancer is a measure of how far it has progressed, namely, what other organs or tissues have been invaded. For the earliest stage of cervical cancerâstage 0 â more than 90% of women survive at least five years after diagnosis Stage I cervical cancer patients have a five-year survival rate of 80 â 93%. Women with stage II cervical cancer have a five-year survival rate of 58 â 63%. The survival rate for women with stage III cervical cancer is anywhere from 32 â 35% Sixteen percent or fewer women with stage IV cervical cancer survive five years.


Question: When should I get chemotherapy as a treatment for cervical cancer?

Answer: Chemotherapy is given in cycles: each cycle comprises a period of intensive treatment followed by a recovery period. Treatment usually consists of several cycles. Most patients have chemotherapy as an outpatient (in an outpatient clinic at the hospital, at the doctor's office, or at home). Depending on which drugs are given and your general health, however, you may need to stay in the hospital during treatment.


Question: When do I need to get surgery for cervical cancer?

Answer: If a biopsy shows that cancerous cells have invaded through a layer called the basement membrane, which separates the surface layers of the cervix from other underlying layers, surgery is usually required. The extent of the surgery varies, depending on the stage of the cancer. In cervical cancer, surgery removes cancerous tissue in or near the cervix.


Question: What can your prostate-specific antigen levels show?

Answer: If you choose a watchful waiting approach to treatment, your PSA level can tell your doctor if the disease is progressing. If so, you'll need to think about active treatment. During hormone therapy, the PSA level can show how well the treatment is working and when it's time to try another treatment.


Question: What is a urine PCA3 test?

Answer: This urine test looks for a mix of genes that shows up in 50% of PSA-tested men with prostate cancer. It's another tool to decide if you need a biopsy.


Question: Are there alternatives to prostate-specific antigen testing?

Answer: Newer PSA tests may help the doctor decide if you need a biopsy. But know that doctors don't always agree on how to use or understand the results of these tests.


Question: What can affect your prostate-specific antigen levels?

Answer: Other things can affect your PSA level: Age. Your PSA will normally go up slowly as you get older, even if you have no prostate problems. Medications . Some drugs may affect blood PSA levels. Tell your doctor if you're taking dutasteride ( Avodart) or finasteride ( Propecia or Proscar). These drugs may falsely lower PSA levels by half of what they should be.


Question: What is a prostate-specific antigen velocity test?

Answer: The PSA velocity isn't a separate test. Instead, it's a measure of the change in your PSA levels over time. Even when the total PSA value isn't higher than 4, a high PSA velocity (a rise of more than 0.75 ng/m L in 1 year) means you might have cancer and should consider a biopsy.


Question: What is flesh-eating bacteria?

Answer: Necrotizing fasciitis is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus ( GAS) bacteria. That's the same type of bacteria that causes strep throat. However, several types of bacteria, such as staphylococcus and others, have also been associated with the disease. Necrotizing fasciitis occurs when such bacteria infect the superficial fascia, a layer of connective tissue below the skin.


Question: How can getting vaccinated help prevent autism?

Answer: Make sure you get the German measles (rubella) vaccine before you get pregnant.


Question: Iâm a senior on a fixed income and can't afford regular dental care. Can I get financial aid?

Answer: If you are a senior on a limited or fixed income and can't afford regular dental care, many dentists offer their services at reduced fees through dental society-sponsored assistance programs. Since aid varies from one community to another, call your local dental society for information about where you can find the nearest assistance programs and low-cost care locations (such as public health clinics and dental school clinics). Also, check your local phone book, the internet, or your local dental society.


Question: What things will a dentist check during a dental exam for a senior?

Answer: Questions asked during a dental history should include: The approximate date of your last dental visit and reason for the visit If you have noticed any recent changes in your mouth If you have noticed any loose or sensitive teeth If you have noticed any difficulty tasting, chewing, or swallowing If you have any pain, discomfort, sores, or bleeding in your mouth If you have noticed any lumps, bumps, or swellings in your mouth During an oral exam, your dentist will check the following: your face and neck (for skin discoloration, moles, sores); your bite (for any problems in how the teeth come together while opening and closing your mouth); your jaw (for signs of clicking and popping in the temporomandibular joint); your lymph nodes and salivary glands (for any sign of swelling or lumps); your inner cheeks (for infections, ulcers, traumatic injuries); your tongue and other interior surfaces -- floor of the mouth, soft and hard palate, gum tissue (for signs of infection or oral cancer); and your teeth (for decay, condition of fillings, and cracks).


Question: Besides age, what things can affect seniorsâ dental health?

Answer: However, certain medical conditions, such as arthritis in the hands and fingers, may make brushing or flossing teeth difficult to impossible to perform. Drugs can also affect oral health and may make a change in your dental treatment necessary.


Question: What things will a dentist ask seniors during a dental exam?

Answer: If you're a senior headed for a check up, your dentist should conduct a thorough history and dental exam. Questions asked during a dental history should include: The approximate date of your last dental visit and reason for the visit If you have noticed any recent changes in your mouth If you have noticed any loose or sensitive teeth If you have noticed any difficulty tasting, chewing, or swallowing If you have any pain, discomfort, sores, or bleeding in your mouth If you have noticed any lumps, bumps, or swellings in your mouth During an oral exam, your dentist will check the following: your face and neck (for skin discoloration, moles, sores); your bite (for any problems in how the teeth come together while opening and closing your mouth); your jaw (for signs of clicking and popping in the temporomandibular joint); your lymph nodes and salivary glands (for any sign of swelling or lumps); your inner cheeks (for infections, ulcers, traumatic injuries); your tongue and other interior surfaces -- floor of the mouth, soft and hard palate, gum tissue (for signs of infection or oral cancer); and your teeth (for decay, condition of fillings, and cracks). If you wear dentures or other appliances, your dentist will ask a few questions about when you wear your dentures and when you take them out (if removable).


Question: How can bullectomy surgery help with treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: If other treatments don't work and your COPD is severe, you might need one of these surgeries to treat it: Bullectomy. Air sacs are the tiny pouches in your lungs where oxygen travels into your blood vessels. COPD destroys the walls of these air sacs. When the walls come down, they create large spaces in your lungs, called bullae. These bullae make it hard to breathe. Bullectomy is surgery to remove the air spaces and improve the flow of air in your lungs.


Question: How can a dietitian help with treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: See what he says about your eating plan. You might need to eat smaller meals more often or take supplements to get the nutrients you need.


Question: What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Cigarette smoke is the leading cause of COPD, and it can make the disease worse. It may not be easy for you to quit, but there are many ways to get help. Ask your doctor about nicotine replacement, medicine, and counseling.


Question: What will a pulmonary rehab program teach you about managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: During this program, you'll learn how to: Keep your lungs healthy.


Question: What are examples of inhaled steroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Examples of inhaled steroids are: Budesonide ( Entocort, Pulmicort, Uceris) Fluticasone ( Cutivate, Flovent HFA) Some medicines combine a bronchodilator and inhaled steroid.


Question: What is the basis for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your diagnosis is based on the symptoms you have, how and when they flare up or improve, which of your body's functions give you trouble, and your test results. There's no way to predict how your condition will change throughout your life. It may take time, but as your doctor gets more clues about the type of MS you have, you can have a clearer idea of how it will affect you in the coming years.


Question: What is a plaque in the brain and how is it involved in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: A plaque in the brain or spinal cord changes the electrical signals that zip up and down nerves. They can get slower, distorted, or stop altogether. Those signal changes cause the symptoms of MS. One example of an MS flare is optic neuritis, inflammation of the nerve that connects the eye and the brain, which makes it harder to see. Flares can be mild and not cause major problems, or they can severely affect your day-to-day life. They usually last from a few days to several weeks, though some can stick around for months.


Question: What causes a multiple sclerosis relapse?

Answer: An MS relapse starts when nerves in the brain and spinal cord get inflamed (swollen or irritated). Then, those nerves lose the coating, called myelin, that surrounds and protects them. A plaque forms around them instead.


Question: What causes the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: A plaque in the brain or spinal cord changes the electrical signals that zip up and down nerves. They can get slower, distorted, or stop altogether. Those signal changes cause the symptoms of MS. One example of an MS flare is optic neuritis, inflammation of the nerve that connects the eye and the brain, which makes it harder to see.


Question: What are the three different types of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery. These flares seem to change over several days to weeks. Recovery from an attack takes weeks, sometimes months, but symptoms don't get worse during this time. Most people have this type when they're first diagnosed with MS. Secondary-progressive MS: People who get this type usually start with relapsing-remitting MS. Over time, symptoms stop coming and going and begin getting steadily worse. The change may happen shortly after MS symptoms appear, or it may take years or decades. Primary-progressive MS: In this type, symptoms gradually get worse without any obvious relapses or remissions. About 15% of all people with MS have this form, but it's most common type for people diagnosed after age 40.


Question: Can my multiple sclerosis affect my day-to-day life?

Answer: Flares can be mild and not cause major problems, or they can severely affect your day-to-day life.


Question: What is a pseudo-relapse in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sometimes a symptom flare has nothing to do with the course of your disease, but happens because something has aggravated your condition, like a fever, infection, or hot weather. It's called a pseudo-relapse or a pseudoexacerbation. For example, some people's symptoms get worse during or after times of intense stress.


Question: What is primary-progressive multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Primary-progressive MS: In this type, symptoms gradually get worse without any obvious relapses or remissions. About 15% of all people with MS have this form, but it's most common type for people diagnosed after age 40.


Question: How can my multiple sclerosis change throughout my life?

Answer: There's no way to predict how your condition will change throughout your life. It may take time, but as your doctor gets more clues about the type of MS you have, you can have a clearer idea of how it will affect you in the coming years.


Question: How do you remove a tick?

Answer: If the tick is attached to the person's skin, remove it immediately: Wearing gloves, grasp the tick with clean tweezers as close to the skin as possible to remove the head and mouthparts. If some mouthparts remain, do not try to remove them, as your body will expel them naturally. Pull the tick straight out gently and steadily. Do not twist. Do not try to remove tick with a hot match or petroleum jelly. This could cause the tick to regurgitate infected fluids into the wound. Save the tick in a container of alcohol to show the doctor.


Question: What is nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD)?

Answer: This disorder is sometimes marked by seizure-like episodes during non- REM sleep. Most evidence points to NPD being a form of epilepsy.


Question: What is rhythmic movement disorder?

Answer: A child may lie flat, lift the head or upper body, and then forcefully hit his or her head on the pillow. Rhythmic movement disorder, which also has been called "head banging," also can involve movements such as rocking on hands and knees.


Question: Is sleepwalking dangerous?

Answer: The sleepwalker simply may be confused or disoriented for a short time upon awakening. Although waking a sleepwalker is not dangerous, sleepwalking itself can be dangerous, because the person is unaware of his or her surroundings and can bump into objects or fall down.


Question: What is parasomnia?

Answer: Parasomnias are disruptive sleep disorders that can occur during arousals from REM sleep or partial arousals from non- REM sleep. Parasomnias include nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, confusional arousals, and many others.


Question: Which drugs can help treat sleep-related painful erections?

Answer: The treatment of sleep-related painful erections may involve drugs that suppress REM sleep (some antidepressants, for example).


Question: What are nocturnal leg cramps?

Answer: Nocturnal leg cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions most commonly of the calf muscles during the night or periods of rest. The cramping sensation may last from a few seconds to 10 minutes, but the pain from the cramps may linger for a longer period.


Question: When should you get medical help for a black eye?

Answer: Call a health care provider immediately if: The person's vision is blurred, double, or lost in either eye. The person is in severe pain. You suspect a serious eye injury. There is drainage or bleeding on the white part of the eye or drainage from the eye. The eyeball or pupil looks abnormal. Skin around the eye is split or there is a cut on the eyelid.


Question: What is the follow-up for a black eye?

Answer: Continue icing the area several times a day for 1 or 2 days. After 1 or 2 days, apply warm compresses to the bruised area instead. Depending on the injury, the provider may prescribe eye drops and recommend follow up with an eye doctor.


Question: How should I treat my black eye?

Answer: Don't press on the eye. For pain, give acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Don't give aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), because they can increase bleeding.


Question: What should you eat to help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Get it from sources like fish, poultry, eggs, beans, peas, soy, and lean red meat. Carbohydrates for energy. Complex carbohydrates -- such as whole grains, vegetables, and beans -- are the healthiest sources. â Goodâ fats to help you use energy and to carry certain vitamins around your body. Good sources include vegetable oil (olive, canola, safflower, sunflower) and avocadoes.


Question: Should you ask for a therapist or counselor if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: If your cancer and its treatment feel overwhelming, get help. Ask your doctor to recommend a therapist or counselor who can talk you through the issues you're having.


Question: How can staying active help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: But staying as active as possible will give you more energy and fight fatigue. Ask your doctor how to exercise safely with AML. A physical therapist can help you design a fitness program that matches your strength and energy levels. Start slowly. At first, you might only be able to walk for a few minutes at a time. Gradually increase the length and intensity of your workouts once you feel ready. Your goal is to do 30 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise on most days of the week.


Question: How can you manage stress if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Read a book, take a warm bath, plant flowers in your garden, or watch a funny movie. Socialize. Go out for dinner or to a movie with friends. Get plenty of rest. Do something creative to express your emotions. Paint or write in a journal. Try a relaxation technique such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.


Question: What are some side effects of acute myeloid leukemia treatments?

Answer: Even if you eat a well-rounded diet, it can be harder to get the nutrients you need because of treatment side effects like these: Loss of appetite Nausea Changes in tastes Mouth sores Diarrhea or constipation If you can't eat large amounts of food at once, have a few small meals during the day instead of three big ones.


Question: How can the people around you help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Everyone is different, but you might have times when you feel scared, stressed, angry, anxious, or a combination of these feelings. Remember that you don't have to go through this process alone. Lean on the people around you -- your friends, family members, co-workers, or members of your community. Or join a support group of people with AML.


Question: What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } All the blood in the body flows through the kidneys hundreds of times each day. The kidneys push the liquid part of blood through tiny filters (called nephrons), then reabsorb most of the fluid back into the blood. The fluid and waste products that the kidneys don't reabsorb are excreted as urine. The rate of blood flow through the kidneys is the glomerular filtration rate, or GFR. ( The glomeruli are microscopic bundles of blood vessels inside nephrons, and are crucial parts of the filtering system.) The glomerular filtration rate can't be measured directly -- that's where measuring creatinine and creatinine clearance comes in.


Question: What is often used to measure creatinine clearance?

Answer: For practical reasons, the blood test estimation method for GFR is used far more often than the 24-hour urine collection test for creatinine clearance. However, the use of 24-hour collections for creatinine clearance may still be useful in patients who have large muscle mass or a marked decrease in muscle mass.


Question: How can I manage kidney disease?

Answer: The main causes of chronic kidney disease are high blood pressure and diabetes. If you have these conditions, the first step is to get them under control with improved diet, exercise, and medications. If these conditions are not present, further testing may be needed to identify the cause of kidney disease.


Question: What are some simple things you can do to manage and ease stress?

Answer: Do things that are pleasurable, like reading or gardening. Take 15-20 minutes every day to sit quietly and reflect. Learn and practice relaxation techniques like yoga or deep breathing.


Question: How can you manage stress through acceptance and keeping a positive attitude?

Answer: Here are some stress-management tips that may help you feel better - and less stressed - every day: Accept that there are events that you cannot control. Keep a positive attitude; rather than defaulting to negatives ('' Nothing goes right for me,'' or '' Bad things always happen to me''), give yourself positive messages ('' I'm doing my best,'' or '' I'll ask for help'').


Question: Can exercise help reduce stress?

Answer: Take 15-20 minutes every day to sit quietly and reflect. Learn and practice relaxation techniques like yoga or deep breathing. Exercise regularly by bicycling, walking, hiking, jogging, or working out at the gym. Your body can fight stress better when it is fit.


Question: Can getting sleep help reduce stress?

Answer: Get enough rest and sleep. Your body needs time to recover from stressful events.


Question: Can eating healthy help reduce stress?

Answer: Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.


Question: How can talking with teachers help with my child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Meet to talk about your child's needs and goals, and see what they can do to help him in class. This might include letting him sit in the front row and away from doors and windows. That can help him avoid distractions and stay focused. The teacher also can better see if he needs a little help. It's also a good idea for your child to have a schedule for the day, and a written behavior plan -- which encourages positive actions -- posted on a nearby wall, or on his desk.


Question: How can I help my child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) get support at school?

Answer: The policies and support available at your child's school : Make a written request to your child's principal for an evaluation for services. On its website, an organization called Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) offers an example of a letter you might send. Many public schools also offer social skills groups. These are small gatherings -- usually between two and eight kids -- that are led by a school psychologist or speech therapist. They can help kids learn how to connect with their peers and handle certain social situations.


Question: What is an individualized education program (IEP) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Individualized Education Program ( IEP): If your child needs different expectations of what he learns, or different ways for him to learn it, he should have an IEP. It will: Detail those needs Explain the services the school will give him Note how his progress will be measured 504 Plan: If your child doesn't need an IEP and will be in class with other students on his grade level, this document outlines other ways the school will support him.


Question: What are some tips to support your child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: A good way to support your child is to create a routine for when they're home: Have him do his homework as close to the same time every day as possible. Set up a special place to do it, too. Let him take breaks every 10 to 20 minutes so he can move around. Make sure these breaks don't involve screens like those on a TV or phone. Make a calendar to keep track of assignments. Set up a way for him to know which ones are most important. For example, you might color-code things to show priorities. Your kid can even use an app to help organize tasks and manage time. Your child is also likely to focus better at school and at home if he has times -- before and after school -- when he can be active. This can also help him get better sleep, which can help with focus and behavior.


Question: What are side effects of palbociclib and ribociclib in treating breast cancer?

Answer: Common side effects include: Pain where you get the shot Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Weakness and fatigue Hot flashes Cough Muscle, joint, and bone pain Constipation Shortness of breath


Question: What are side effects of tamoxifen?

Answer: For women, the side effects of tamoxifen are similar to some of the symptoms of menopause. Two of the most common ones are hot flashes and vaginal discharge. Other problems for women may include: Vaginal dryness or itching Irregular periods Headache Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Fatigue Water retention and weight gain The side effects may be similar to menopause, but tamoxifen doesn't trigger menopause.


Question: Does tamoxifen raise the risk of cataracts?

Answer: Tamoxifen seems to give some women a higher chance of having this condition, which clouds the lens inside the eye. People have also reported eye problems such as corneal scarring or retinal changes.


Question: Can tamoxifen prevent breast cancer?

Answer: A large study by the National Cancer Institute looked at whether tamoxifen lowered cases of breast cancer in healthy women who were known to be likely to get the disease. The results of the trial showed a 50% reduction in breast cancer in the women who took the drug. Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).


Question: What are goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprorelin (Lupron) used for in breast cancer patients?

Answer: There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause.


Question: What are the side effects of palbociclib to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Common side effects include: Pain where you get the shot Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Weakness and fatigue Hot flashes Cough Muscle, joint, and bone pain Constipation Shortness of breath


Question: How does tamoxifen treat breast cancer?

Answer: Common hormone therapy drugs for breast cancer treatment include: Anastrozole ( Arimidex) Exemestane ( Aromasin) Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) Goserelin ( Zoladex) Letrozole ( Femara) Leuprorelin, leuprolide acetate ( Lupron) Megestrol ( Megace) Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex, Soltamox) Toremifene ( Fareston) Tamoxifen is a pill that doctors have prescribed for more than 30 years to treat breast cancer. It works by keeping estrogen from attaching to the cancer cells.


Question: Does tamoxifen produce side effects in men?

Answer: For men, tamoxifen can cause: Headache Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction or a lower sex drive Yes.


Question: What are the side effects of goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprorelin (Lupron) for breast cancer?

Answer: Common side effects include: Pain where you get the shot Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Weakness and fatigue Hot flashes Cough Muscle, joint, and bone pain Constipation Shortness of breath


Question: Which hormones fuel some types of breast cancer?

Answer: Hormones that every woman has in her body -- estrogen and progesterone -- can be fuel for some types of breast cancer. They help the cells grow and spread. Hormone therapy, also called endocrine therapy, adds, blocks, or removes those chemicals to treat the disease.


Question: What are aromatase inhibitors?

Answer: Aromatase inhibitors: This type of hormone therapy drug keeps your body from breaking down testosterone into estrogen. They include: Anastrozole ( Arimidex) Exemestane ( Aromasin) Letrozole ( Femara) Aromatase inhibitors keep breast cancer from getting worse for longer than tamoxifen in women who have the advanced disease whose tumors rely on estrogen to grow.


Question: What are the side effects of tamoxifen as a treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: For women, the side effects of tamoxifen are similar to some of the symptoms of menopause. Two of the most common ones are hot flashes and vaginal discharge. Other problems for women may include: Vaginal dryness or itching Irregular periods Headache Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Fatigue Water retention and weight gain The side effects may be similar to menopause, but tamoxifen doesn't trigger menopause.


Question: How can tamoxifen cause high risk of blood clots?

Answer: Women who take tamoxifen may have a slightly higher risk of blood clots in their lungs or large veins. It's an even bigger risk for smokers.


Question: Does tamoxifen help if you had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?

Answer: Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).


Question: What are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause.


Question: What are symptoms of tamoxifen for men?

Answer: For men, tamoxifen can cause: Headache Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction or a lower sex drive Yes.


Question: What are the two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause.


Question: How can aromatase inhibitors help with treating breast cancer?

Answer: Aromatase inhibitors: This type of hormone therapy drug keeps your body from breaking down testosterone into estrogen. They include: Anastrozole ( Arimidex) Exemestane ( Aromasin) Letrozole ( Femara) Aromatase inhibitors keep breast cancer from getting worse for longer than tamoxifen in women who have the advanced disease whose tumors rely on estrogen to grow.


Question: When did doctors first use tamoxifen to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Doctors first used tamoxifen to treat women whose breast cancer had spread in their bodies because it slowed or stopped the growth of the disease. The drug also lowers the chance that some early stage breast cancers will come back. And it can lower the risk that a woman will get cancer in her other breast later on.


Question: What are common hormone therapy drugs for breast cancer?

Answer: Common hormone therapy drugs for breast cancer treatment include: Anastrozole ( Arimidex) Exemestane ( Aromasin) Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) Goserelin ( Zoladex) Letrozole ( Femara) Leuprorelin, leuprolide acetate ( Lupron) Megestrol ( Megace) Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex, Soltamox) Toremifene ( Fareston) Tamoxifen is a pill that doctors have prescribed for more than 30 years to treat breast cancer.


Question: Does tamoxifen raise the risk of uterine cancer?

Answer: But this risk is small, and it may be outweighed by the benefits of tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment. Talk to your doctor to know for sure.


Question: What are the side effects of exemestane to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Other problems for women may include: Vaginal dryness or itching Irregular periods Headache Nausea and vomiting Skin rash Fatigue Water retention and weight gain The side effects may be similar to menopause, but tamoxifen doesn't trigger menopause.


Question: How does tamoxifen affect medications in breast cancer patients?

Answer: They can change how the drug works and affect the breast cancer.


Question: Can tamoxifen affect the fertility of women using it to treat breast cancer?

Answer: But it might harm a growing baby, so it's important to use some form of barrier birth control while you're taking it, like condoms or a diaphragm. Don't use birth control pills. They can change how the drug works and affect the breast cancer. Tell your doctor right away if you think you've become pregnant while you're taking tamoxifen.


Question: What are the side effects of aromatase inhibitors to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Side effects of aromatase inhibitors include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea and constipation Hot flashes Headache Bone pain Severe fatigue Skin rash Swelling and water retention Flu-like symptoms Increased bone loss Fulvestrant ( Faslodex): This shot keeps estrogen from attaching to cancer cells.


Question: How can adding fiber to your diet help you age well?

Answer: It's an easy way to eat your way to better health with every meal and snack. Swap out your white bread for whole grain. Add kidney beans to your soup or apple slices to your salad. Fiber fills you up and for longer. It cuts your cholesterol levels and lowers your chance of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and colon cancer. It also helps you avoid constipation, which is more common in older adults. After age 50, men should aim for 30 grams of fiber a day and women should get 21 grams a day.


Question: How can tai chi help you age well?

Answer: This gentle Chinese exercise combines slow movements and deep breathing. It's like meditating while you move. Tai chi may help older people avoid falls, a top cause of injury among seniors. It also can: Ease stress Improve balance Strengthen muscles Increase flexibility Lessen arthritis pain It's often better to get your nutrients from food, not a pill.


Question: How can you age well by quitting tobacco?

Answer: Tobacco kills. It harms almost every organ in your body. Cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and other products with nicotine cause heart disease, cancer, lung and gum disease, and many other health problems. It's never too late to quit. Your body begins to heal within 20 minutes of your last cigarette. Your chance of a heart attack goes down right away. In a year, your odds of heart disease drop by half. You'll also live longer. Ask your doctor for help.


Question: What supplements can help you age well?

Answer: After age 50, your body does need more of some vitamins and minerals from foods or supplements than before. They include: Calcium (to keep bones strong) Vitamin D ( Most people get it from sunlight, but some seniors may not get out enough.) Vitamin B12 ( Older people have trouble absorbing it from foods, so you may need fortified cereals or a supplement.) Vitamin B6 ( It keeps your red blood cells strong to carry oxygen throughout your body.) Tell your doctor about any supplements you take so you can avoid bad interactions with any medications or treatments.


Question: How can regular exercise help you age well?

Answer: Aim for 30 minutes every day. If that's too much, break it up into shorter strolls. Regular exercise -- especially if you do it briskly enough to feel a little breathless -- delivers huge health benefits. It help keep brain cells healthy by delivering more blood and oxygen. In fact, research suggests aerobic exercise may delay or improve symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.


Question: How can eating healthy foods help you age well?

Answer: It's more a way of eating than a formal diet. You load up on veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and low-fat dairy. You eat less fatty meats, butter, sugar, salt, and packaged foods. Many studies have found that this diet can help you live longer and protects against heart disease, cancer, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. Researchers believe one way it works is by physically changing parts of your chromosomes linked to age-related diseases.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of anemia?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.


Question: What causes dry mouth?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty. Usually, it happens because the glands in your mouth make less saliva. You may get it because of medications you take, treatments for other conditions like cancer, diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, nerve damage in the head and neck, or tobacco use.


Question: What are some signs that my excessive thirst is caused by anemia?

Answer: Mild anemia probably won't make you thirsty, but you might find yourself craving more water if the condition gets severe. Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of diabetes insipidus?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty.


Question: Can my thirst be because of diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body. Excessive thirst is one of the major symptoms.


Question: Can my thirst be because of diabetes?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body. Glucose in your urine draws in more water, so you pee more often. That leaves your body wanting to replace the fluid you're losing.


Question: How can you quench your thirst?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty. Drinking more water is a good place to start. But if you can't satisfy your craving for it, talk with your doctor. Whatever the cause, don't just live with it. Most of the conditions that cause thirst are treatable.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of diabetes?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes.


Question: How do you know if you're thirsty because of dry mouth?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.


Question: What does it mean if you're dehydrated?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body.


Question: Can my thirst be because of dry mouth?

Answer: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty. Usually, it happens because the glands in your mouth make less saliva. You may get it because of medications you take, treatments for other conditions like cancer, diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, nerve damage in the head and neck, or tobacco use.


Question: Can my thirst be because of anemia?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. Some people are born with it, while others get it later in life. There are a lot of things that can cause it, including diseases, a poor diet, or heavy bleeding. Mild anemia probably won't make you thirsty, but you might find yourself craving more water if the condition gets severe.


Question: What is diabetes insipidus and could it be the cause of excessive thirst?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body. Excessive thirst is one of the major symptoms. If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty.


Question: Why are people with diabetes always thirsty?

Answer: When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly. It causes too much sugar (called glucose) to build up in your body. Glucose in your urine draws in more water, so you pee more often. That leaves your body wanting to replace the fluid you're losing.


Question: What are signs of dehydration in kids?

Answer: Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes.


Question: What does dehydration mean and why does it occur?

Answer: It can happen for a lot of reasons, such as exercise, diarrhea, vomiting, and too much sweating. Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes. When you have this disease, your body doesn't make enough of the hormone insulin or doesn't use it properly.


Question: What are signs that constant thirst may be due to diabetes?

Answer: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes.


Question: What are signs of dehydration?

Answer: Besides wanting water, other signs can include: Dark-colored urine Not needing to pee as often Dry mouth Dry skin Feeling tired or lightheaded Headache Kids who are dehydrated might also: Have few or no tears when they cry Have a dry, sticky mouth Go to the bathroom less or have fewer wet diapers Be irritable or sluggish Thirst you can't seem to quench, what doctors call polydipsia, is one symptom of diabetes.


Question: What are signs of dry mouth other than excessive thirst?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.


Question: What causes anemia?

Answer: If your glands don't make enough saliva, you may have other symptoms, such as: Bad breath Change in taste Irritated gums Lipstick sticking to your teeth Thick, stringy saliva Trouble chewing Anemia means your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. Some people are born with it, while others get it later in life. There are a lot of things that can cause it, including diseases, a poor diet, or heavy bleeding.


Question: Which gloves should I use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Try all the different kinds of gloves to find the right one for you. One type keeps your hands warm. These are known as thermals. Another gives you extra support. These are called glove splints. The compression type will provide pressure on your aching fingers and hand joints. You can choose a glove with a combination of features.


Question: What are some tips for maximum relief with rheumatoid arthritis gloves?

Answer: Make sure your gloves fit well. If they're too tight or too loose, there's less chance you'll get any benefits from wearing them. Ask your doctor or therapist if you need help with fit. Stick with the 8-hour rule. You probably won't see any changes if you only wear them for an hour here and there. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves. Your carpal tunnel symptoms could get worse if you wear arthritis gloves at night.


Question: How long are therapy gloves designed to be worn?

Answer: The gloves are designed to be worn for 8 hours -- about the length of time you sleep.


Question: What are tips for maximum relief from rheumatoid arthritis with therapy gloves?

Answer: Make sure your gloves fit well. If they're too tight or too loose, there's less chance you'll get any benefits from wearing them. Ask your doctor or therapist if you need help with fit. Stick with the 8-hour rule. You probably won't see any changes if you only wear them for an hour here and there. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves. Your carpal tunnel symptoms could get worse if you wear arthritis gloves at night.


Question: Can therapy gloves help me feel relaxed and calm?

Answer: Your fingers may be easier to move in the morning. Use of your hand.


Question: What does measurable mean in weight loss goals?

Answer: Your device will track the calories you burn, so you'll be able to clearly know when you succeed.


Question: What does specific mean in weight loss goals?

Answer: Look at your fitness device to see how many calories you burn a week by exercising.


Question: What does time-bound mean in weight loss goals?

Answer: This is your goal for this week. Period. You can choose to pursue this goal again next week, or you can set a new goal. It's easier to commit to a goal -- and be successful -- if you do it for a set amount of time.


Question: What does attainable mean in weight loss goals?

Answer: Since you're already burning 1,000 calories a week through exercise, bumping it up a bit should be manageable. To burn 1,250 calories, you'll need to add about one extra workout.


Question: Can using a fitness tracker help me set up S.M.A.R.T. goals for weight loss?

Answer: Use the info you track, your calories burned, food eaten, and hours slept to shape S. M. A. R. T. goals for yourself. Here's one example of how to do it. Look at your fitness device to see how many calories you burn a week by exercising. Let's say it's 1,000 calories. Use that data to bump up your calorie burn. For example, a S. M. A. R. T. goal is â I will walk enough to burn at least 1,250 calories through exercise this week.â Specific.


Question: Why is it important to know eye-related first aid?

Answer: You can lower the chances for injury if you know how to respond quickly to these eye emergences.