Question: Can my asthma treatment trigger more anxiety?

Answer: Treating persistent asthma requires long-term maintenance therapy, such as an inhaled steroid, plus rescue therapy when something triggers symptoms. If your long-term asthma medication doesn't work well, and wheezing and chest tightness occur too often, a vicious circle can begin where anxiety worsens asthma, and asthma worsens anxiety. That's when you need to talk to your doctor about your symptoms, triggers, and stress. Also discuss other asthma treatment options that can get asthma under control again, so you can prevent symptoms of asthma.


Question: Is there a relaxation exercise that can help my stress and asthma?

Answer: Stress may cause your asthma symptoms to worsen and cause you to feel frightened. Rotate unpleasant duties. Concentrate your thoughts on yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Mentally scan your body. Notice areas that feel tense or cramped. Quickly loosen up these areas. Let all of your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and exhale slowly. You should feel more relaxed.


Question: What is a calcium-score screening heart scan?

Answer: There are several types of CT scans used in the diagnosis of heart disease, including: Calcium-score screening heart scan Coronary CT angiography ( CTA) Total body CT scan The calcium-score screening heart scan is a test used to detect calcium deposits found in atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries. Your doctor uses the calcium-score screening heart scan to evaluate risk for future coronary artery disease.


Question: How does a computed tomography (CT) scan diagnose heart diseases?

Answer: Computed tomography, commonly known as a CT scan, combines multiple X-ray images with the aid of a computer to produce cross-sectional views of the body. Cardiac CT is a heart-imaging test that uses CT technology with or without intravenous ( IV) contrast (dye) to visualize the heart anatomy, coronary circulation, and great vessels (which includes the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries). Before the test, an iodine-containing contrast dye is injected into an IV in the patient's arm to improve the quality of the images.


Question: What is flesh-eating bacteria?

Answer: Necrotizing fasciitis is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus ( GAS) bacteria. That's the same type of bacteria that causes strep throat. However, several types of bacteria, such as staphylococcus and others, have also been associated with the disease. Necrotizing fasciitis occurs when such bacteria infect the superficial fascia, a layer of connective tissue below the skin.


Question: Can you prevent dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Although prevention of the disorder might not be possible, treatment of DPD can sometimes allow a person who is prone to this disorder to learn more productive ways of dealing with situations. The development of personality structure is a complex process that begins from an early age. Psychotherapy aimed at modifying personality may be more successful when begun early, when the patient is highly motivated for change, and when there is a strong working relationship between the therapist and patient.


Question: What causes dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Oversensitivity to criticism Pessimism and lack of self-confidence, including a belief that they are unable to care for themselves Avoidance of disagreeing with others for fear of losing support or approval Inability to start projects or tasks because of a lack of self-confidence Difficulty being alone Willingness to tolerate mistreatment and abuse from others Placing the needs of their caregivers above their own Tendency to be naive and to fantasize Although the exact cause of DPD is not known, it most likely involves a combination of biological, developmental, temperamental, and psychological factors. Some researchers believe an authoritarian or overprotective parenting style can lead to the development of dependent personality traits in people who are susceptible to the disorder.


Question: Can medication treat dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Medication might be used to treat people with DPD who also suffer from related problems such as depression or anxiety. However, medication therapy in itself does not usually treat the core problems caused by personality disorders. In addition, medications should be carefully monitored, because people with DPD could use them inappropriately or abuse certain prescription drugs.


Question: What other mental health problems can people with dependent personality disorder have?

Answer: Medication might be used to treat people with DPD who also suffer from related problems such as depression or anxiety. They are also at risk for being abused because they may find themselves willing to do virtually anything to maintain the relationship with a dominant partner or person of authority.


Question: How do you treat dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the main method of treatment for DPD. The goal of therapy is to help the person with DPD become more active and independent, and to learn to form healthy relationships. Medication might be used to treat people with DPD who also suffer from related problems such as depression or anxiety. However, medication therapy in itself does not usually treat the core problems caused by personality disorders.


Question: What is dependent personality disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dependent personality disorder ( DPD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed personality disorders. It occurs equally in men and women, usually becoming apparent in young adulthood or later as important adult relationships form. People with DPD become emotionally overdependent on other people and spend great effort trying to please others. People with DPD tend to display needy, passive, and clinging behavior, and have a fear of separation. People with DPD are prone to developing depression or anxiety, symptoms that might prompt the individual to seek help.


Question: How do you diagnose dependent personality disorder?

Answer: A diagnosis of DPD must be distinguished from borderline personality disorder, as the two share common symptoms. Although there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose personality disorders, the doctor might use various diagnostic tests to rule out physical illness as the cause of the symptoms. If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, he or she might refer the person to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other health care professional trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a person for a personality disorder.


Question: What is acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Acoustic neuroma: This tumor in your inner ear isn't cancerous and grows slowly, but it can squeeze the nerves that control your hearing and balance. That leads to hearing loss, ringing in your ear, and dizziness. In some cases, a neuroma can press against your facial nerve and cause that side of your face to feel numb. An acoustic neuroma can be taken out with surgery, or your doctor might treat it with radiation to stop it from growing.


Question: What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?

Answer: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV): This is the most common cause of positional vertigo, a sudden feeling that you're spinning or swaying. It happens when tiny calcium crystals in one part of your ear move into an area where they shouldn't be. This causes your inner ear to tell your brain you're moving when you're really not. BPPV can be treated through a series of head movements your doctor guides you through. These put the crystals back where they're supposed to be.


Question: What is mal de debarquement?

Answer: Mal de debarquement: When you move in a way you never have before, like on a boat, your brain adapts to the feeling. But sometimes, it can get âstuckâ in the new motion, and you may feel off balance, like you're rocking or swaying, even after you've stopped moving. This usually gets better in a few hours but sometimes symptoms can persist for weeks or even years. You may experience other symptoms including a staggering walk, trouble focusing or feeling fatigue. There's no cure, but you may be able to manage symptoms with medications and vestibular rehabilitation.


Question: What is vestibular neuritis?

Answer: Vestibular neuritis: A viral infection somewhere else in your body, such as chickenpox or measles, can bring on this disorder that affects the nerve that sends sound and balance information from your inner ear to your brain. The most common symptoms are sudden dizziness with nausea, vomiting, and trouble walking. To treat vestibular neuritis, your doctor may give you medicine to wipe out the virus that's causing it.


Question: What is Meniere's disease?

Answer: Meniere's disease: People with this disorder have sudden attacks of vertigo, tinnitus (a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in their ears), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear. This may be caused by too much fluid in the inner ear, thanks to a virus, allergy, or autoimmune reaction. The hearing loss gets worse over time and can be permanent in some cases. Some lifestyle changes can help -- like cutting down on salt, caffeine, and alcohol -- and medication can ease attacks when they happen. In rare cases, people need surgery to relieve their symptoms. Parts of the affected inner ear are cut or removed so they stop sending the wrong balance signals to your brain.


Question: What is perilymphatic fistula?

Answer: Perilymphatic fistula ( PLF): This is a tear or defect between your middle ear and fluid-filled inner ear that can make you feel dizzy and may cause some hearing loss. You can be born with PLF, or it can be caused by barotrauma (increased pressure in your ear), a head injury, or heavy lifting. Surgery can help repair perilymph fistulas. Openings or tears can be plugged with tissue taken from the outer part of your ear.


Question: What is enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA)?

Answer: Enlarged vestibular aqueducts ( EVA): The narrow, bony canals that go from your inner ear to the inside of your skull are called vestibular aqueducts. If these get larger than they should be, you can lose your hearing. The causes of EVA aren't clear, but they seem to be linked to certain genes you can get from your parents. There's no proven treatment for EVA. The best ways to safeguard your hearing is to avoid contact sports or anything that can lead to a head injury, and stay away from fast changes in pressure, like the kind that happens with scuba diving.


Question: How do some drugs and chemicals damage the inner ear?

Answer: Ototoxicity: Some drugs and chemicals can damage your inner ear. Others attack the nerve that connects your inner ear to your brain. Either can cause hearing loss. Sometimes, this gets better when you stop taking the drug or stay away from the chemical. In other cases, the damage can be permanent.


Question: What is a vestibular migraine?

Answer: This is called your vestibular system. Vestibular migraine: If your brain sends the wrong signals to your balance system, that can lead to a severe headache, dizziness, sensitivity to light or sound, hearing loss, and ringing in your ears. Some people also say they get blurred vision. If you have vestibular migraines often, your doctor may give you a drug to prevent them. Many medications, including some antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers (which relax your blood vessels), can help.


Question: What are the most common symptoms of vestibular disorders?

Answer: If a disease or injury damages this system, you can have a vestibular disorder. Dizziness and trouble with your balance are the most common symptoms, but you also can have problems with your hearing and vision. This causes your inner ear to tell your brain you're moving when you're really not.


Question: How do I know that I have done all I can to curb drug side effects for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If your RA symptoms are under control but you have side effects from medication, you might question whether it's worth it. It's easy to forget about the benefits of medicine when you feel good. Talk to your doctor if your treatment causes you problems, no matter how minor they may seem. He may be able to make minor changes that can help. For example, sometimes doctors suggest you add another drug to reduce nausea or stomach acid if that's an issue.


Question: Should I keep my doctor in the loop if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: But the Arthritis Foundation suggests you get a checkup at least once a year. Keep up with all lab, X-ray, and test appointments, too. They track changes in your joints and check on the effects of RA drugs in your body.


Question: What can happen if you have osteoporosis?

Answer: After that, you'll begin to lose bone mass. If your parents or grandparents have had any signs of osteoporosis, such as a fractured hip after a minor fall, you may be more likely to get it, too. Bone structure and body weight.


Question: What are risks of taking methadone?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it. Your brain may begin to rely on the pain relief it brings. Even though the effects are milder than other opioids, your body can still adapt to it. This means that you'll need to take more to feel the same relief from pain or withdrawal symptoms, which can lead to abuse and addiction. Your doctor will call this tolerance. No two people react the same to methadone. Your doctor calculates the dose that's right for you. Changing it can lead to dangerous side effects or an overdose.


Question: Which drugs can affect how methadone works?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it.


Question: What are symptoms of a methadone overdose?

Answer: Overdose symptoms can include: Slow breathing Slow heart rate Severe drowsiness Weak muscles Cold, clammy skin Small pupils Fainting In some cases, overdose can be fatal. It's important to be honest with your doctor about your methadone use.


Question: Who should not take methadone?

Answer: Some people shouldn't take methadone. Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it.


Question: What does methadone do?

Answer: Today, your doctor may use it as part of your treatment for an addiction to heroin or narcotic painkillers. It works a lot like morphine does. It can also help if you're in treatment for addiction to other opioids. It can give a similar feeling and prevent withdrawal symptoms. It isn't a cure for addiction. Even though the effects are milder than other opioids, your body can still adapt to it. This means that you'll need to take more to feel the same relief from pain or withdrawal symptoms, which can lead to abuse and addiction.


Question: How long would I take methadone for?

Answer: Taking it can lead to addiction or abuse. This means that you'll need to take more to feel the same relief from pain or withdrawal symptoms, which can lead to abuse and addiction. Your doctor will call this tolerance.


Question: What is methadone?

Answer: When it arrived in the United States, it was used to treat people with extreme pain. Today, your doctor may use it as part of your treatment for an addiction to heroin or narcotic painkillers. It must be prescribed by a doctor. It's usually used as one part of your treatment plan.


Question: Why are fats good for your dog?

Answer: Fats: Fats give your dog energy. They also help keep your dog's skin and hair healthy. Some important fatty acids for your dog are: Linoleic acid Omega-6 Omega-3 Your dog's body can't make enough essential fatty acids on its own, so he needs to eat food that has them.


Question: Why are proteins good for your dog?

Answer: Proteins: Body tissues are made of proteins. Your dog's body makes only 13 of the 23 amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins. The other 10 have to come from food.


Question: Why is water good for your dogs?

Answer: Water: Even if a dog loses all of his body fat and half his protein, he can survive. But water is so important that he could die if he loses only 10% of the water in his body. Water makes up more than half of an adult dog's body weight. Although canned dog food may have a lot of water in it, it's not enough for your dog. Make sure your dog always has fresh, clean water available.


Question: Why are carbohydrates from plants good for your dog?

Answer: Carbohydrates: Carbs come from plants. When your dog eats grains and vegetables, they get: Sugars Starches Fiber Carbs power the tissues in your dog's body. They also help keep your dog's intestines healthy.


Question: Why are vitamins and minerals good for your dog?

Answer: Vitamins and minerals: These are needed for many of the chemical reactions in your dog's body, such as building bones and keeping them strong.


Question: What vitamins and minerals can your dog get from complete and balanced dog food?

Answer: Your dog can get all the vitamins and minerals he needs in "balanced" dog food, including: Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K B-complex vitamins Calcium Phosphorus Dogs don't have to have vitamin C in their food because their bodies make it.


Question: How often should you feed your dog?

Answer: Usually, adult dogs should be fed once or twice a day. Most large-breed dogs should be fed at least twice a day so they don't overeat and get bloated. Experts agree that treats and table scraps should never be more than 10% of your dog's daily calories. Just like with people, overeating can make your dog overweight. And that can lead to the same kinds of health problems that people have, such as diabetes and heart disease. Your veterinarian can help you figure out the best diet and feeding schedule to keep your dog healthy.


Question: Why don't dogs have to have vitamin C?

Answer: Your dog can get all the vitamins and minerals he needs in "balanced" dog food, including: Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K B-complex vitamins Calcium Phosphorus Dogs don't have to have vitamin C in their food because their bodies make it. When he eats nutritious food, your dog doesn't need vitamin or mineral supplements. In fact, giving your dog supplements can be dangerous.


Question: How can you make sure your dog food has the right mix of nutrients?

Answer: That includes a mix of: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals Water To make sure the dog food you buy has the right mix of nutrients, look for the words "complete and balanced nutrition" on the label. You might also see " Meets the nutritional requirements of dogs established by the American Association of Feed Control Officials ( AAFCO)" or " Complete and balanced nutrition for dogs based on AAFCO feeding trials." Both dry and canned dog food will give your dog good nutrition. Some experts prefer dry food because it may help keep teeth and gums healthy. If you make your own dog food, use recipes created by nutritionists to be "complete and balanced."


Question: What should be included in your dog's diet?

Answer: That includes a mix of: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals Water To make sure the dog food you buy has the right mix of nutrients, look for the words "complete and balanced nutrition" on the label. Your veterinarian can help you figure out the best diet and feeding schedule to keep your dog healthy.


Question: What should I do if my child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication is keeping my child up?

Answer: And keep in mind that overstimulation -- not medicine -- may be behind your child's sleep problems. It can help to keep him off video games and his phone or computer before bedtime. You might try these other tips, too: Make the room sleep-friendly. Light tells your body it's time to be up, so a dark room is important. Turn on a fan if it's warm, or grab an extra blanket if it's cold. Commit to a relaxing bedtime routine. A nightly bath, 20 minutes of reading, or writing in a journal can help kids unwind and fall asleep. No animals on the bed. Pets who sleep on the bed may stretch, change positions, or move around and wake your child up. Countdown to sleep. Tell your child to try this mind-calming exercise: Start at 100 and count back to 1.


Question: What are common medication side effects associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Answer: Some other possible effects include: Nausea and headaches: ADHD drugs can make your child feel like she needs to throw up. This side effect usually goes away after a few weeks. In the meantime, your child might feel better if she takes her medicine with food. Delayed growth: Some research shows that some children may grow more slowly than they should during their first year on ADHD medicine. But they seem to catch up during years 2 and 3. Kids who take breaks from ADHD drugs, like on weekends and during summer vacation, may not have this issue. Sudden mood changes: Some children with ADHD get cranky when their drugs wear off. This is sometimes known as the rebound effect. It may mean the dose is too high or the medicine isn't right for your child.


Question: Can attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication keep my child up at night?

Answer: ADHD drugs can keep kids up at night. That can happen if they took the last dose of the day too close to bedtime. Or it could be that a long-acting drug hasn't worn off by bedtime. And keep in mind that overstimulation -- not medicine -- may be behind your child's sleep problems.


Question: What are the risks of using acetaminophen for cold and flu relief?

Answer: Others factors that increase risk for stomach bleeding include: Having a previous history of stomach bleeding Being over age 60 Taking steroid medications, or other NSAID medications The most serious risk from acetaminophen is liver damage. Ignoring the dose recommended on the label can put you at risk of severe liver damage. People who are at greater risk for liver damage from acetaminophen include people with liver disease and men who drink three or more alcoholic drinks a day (or two a day or more drinks for women). Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you also take the blood thinner warfarin ( Coumadin), because it may increase the risk of bleeding.


Question: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work to treat a cold and flu?

Answer: Drugs in the NSAID category include: Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in Advil and Motrin Aspirin , found in Bayer or St. Joseph Naproxen sodium, found in Aleve Acetaminophen. This is an active ingredient in Tylenol and many other prescription and non-prescription medications. Acetaminophen seems to work on the parts of the brain that perceive pain and control body temperature.


Question: What are the risks of taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cold and flu relief?

Answer: NSAIDs are safe for most people when taken at the right dose for a short period. However, they can increase risk for serious stomach bleeding. NSAIDs may also increase the chance for heart attack and stroke.


Question: What are safe practices for cold and flu relievers for adults?

Answer: Follow these other drug safety tips for using OTC pain relievers: Read and follow the label. It should clearly state whether a medicine contains acetaminophen or NSAIDs, the risks of the active ingredient, the highest dose you can take safely, and how long you can take it. Wait until you need it. Leave acetaminophen and NSAIDs on the shelf until you really need them. Limiting your intake automatically reduces your risk. Set a cut-off date. Before taking an NSAID, set a date to stop, based on the label's instructions for how long you should take it before seeing a doctor. Don't mix medicine with alcohol. If you drink alcohol, talk with your doctor before taking NSAIDs or acetaminophen.


Question: What are safe practices for cold and flu relievers for children?

Answer: Drugs work differently in children than they do in adults. Take extra care when giving your child acetaminophen or ibuprofen and only use those products labeled specifically for your child's age group. Adult medicines and doses are too strong for most kids and should not be given to children. Beyond not giving aspirin to children and teens (ages 18 and under) due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, follow these safety measures: The FDA recommends that parents not give any cough and cold medicine to children under age 2. The FDA supports the voluntary label change of drug makers to state âdo not use in children under 4â for OTC cough and cold medicines. Talk to your pediatrician about safe OTC options for your child. When giving your child liquid medicine, make sure to use the appropriate measuring tool that came with the medication and not a spoon used for eating or cooking. There's no need to expose your child to drugs he doesn't need. Select a medicine that treats only the symptoms your child has. Keep all medicine out of children's reach.


Question: What are the risks of combination medicines for cold and flu relief?

Answer: OTC pain relievers are often used with other ingredients in prescription and non-prescription medications, including some for arthritis, menstrual symptoms, allergies, and sleeplessness. To avoid an overdose, it's important not to take two medicines that contain the same pain reliever. Mixing medicines that contain different pain relievers can also cause problems and should not be done without talking to a doctor.


Question: What should you know about treating a cold and flu?

Answer: If you're looking for relief from the symptoms of a cold, fever, or the flu, you'll find many over-the-counter ( OTC) options at your local pharmacy. But in the throes of fever or the flu, you may not think as clearly about safety. Drugs in the NSAID category include: Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in Advil and Motrin Aspirin , found in Bayer or St. Joseph Naproxen sodium, found in Aleve Acetaminophen. How do you know which to take?


Question: What are some tips for caring for an epinephrine auto-injector?

Answer: Keep the device in a dark place and at room temperature. Check the expiration date often. If it's expired, replace it. But remember, it's better to use expired epinephrine in an emergency than nothing at all. If the auto-injector has a window, check the liquid. If it isn't clear, replace the unit. Keep more than one auto-injector with you at all times. Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace.


Question: How can I use epinephrine for life-threatening allergies?

Answer: This strong, fast-acting medication is given with an easy-to-use auto-injector. Inject the drug at the first sign of a reaction, and call 911 right away. Have him sit down, lie down, or stay in the most comfortable position for breathing. Stay calm. Be aware that epinephrine can make you feel jumpy, boost your heart rate and make you feel a little sick. If an insect stinger is involved, remove it with a gentle brushing motion. Listen and watch to make sure he's breathing. If you're trained in CPR, give it if needed. You can give a second shot of epinephrine if the symptoms don't go away. But remember, it's better to use expired epinephrine in an emergency than nothing at all.


Question: What are the symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Answer: Call 911 immediately if you think someone's having symptoms of anaphylaxis. These may include: Hoarseness Trouble speaking Tightness in the throat Wheezing, or trouble breathing or swallowing Hives Swollen eyes, lips or tongue Runny nose Dizziness Abdominal pain or diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Confusion Anxiety If the person has an epinephrine injector, don't wait to use it, even if you aren't sure the symptoms are allergy-related. If it isn't clear, replace the unit.


Question: How can ADHD affect your emotions?

Answer: You may get stressed if your loved ones say you don't listen and you feel you've let them down in some way. You have the same emotions as everyone else. But because of ADHD, you may feel them more strongly or for a longer time. The right treatment and therapy can help you manage your ADHD symptoms and emotions.


Question: How can ADHD affect you at work?

Answer: ADHD can create challenges at work. You may tend to put off tasks or have a hard time organizing them. You may get distracted easily, have trouble finishing projects, or interrupt others during meetings.


Question: Can treating ADHD help manage your emotions?

Answer: Coaching, therapy, and support groups can help you learn new ways to deal with them and feel better about life with ADHD. Individual, couples, or group therapy can help you learn ways to manage ADHD symptoms and your emotions.


Question: Can counseling help you manage emotions with ADHD?

Answer: The right treatment and therapy can help you manage your ADHD symptoms and emotions. Here are some tips to deal with common ADHD symptoms at work: Ask for a quiet spot to work in.


Question: What are tips to deal with your emotions in relationships if you have ADHD?

Answer: Here are some ways to deal with your emotions in relationships: Plan ahead: If family gatherings or other social events make you stressed, let your partner know. Agree to leave early or take a break halfway through to walk outside. Don't take on more than you can handle. Give yourself burnout breaks: It's OK to let your partner or friends know you need some quiet time. Admit when you've messed up: Don't blame all your mistakes on your ADHD or get defensive with your partner.


Question: How do doctors diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope -- an instrument that has a magnifying glass and a light on it. She'll also test how well you can hear sounds to see if your cholesteatoma has affected your hearing.


Question: What are the symptoms of cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas typically cause symptoms in only one ear. The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance. More seriously, it can turn into an infection in your inner ear or even in your brain. This can cause pus-filled swelling in your brain or meningitis. Both are very rare.


Question: Can a cholesteatoma be from an ear infection or injury?

Answer: A cholesteatoma can happen for several reasons: You get an ear infection or injury. Sometimes after an operation on your ear, a cold, or an allergy, your Eustachian tube doesn't work normally. A vacuum is created in your middle ear, which sucks in your ear drum, making a sac -- the perfect place for skin cells to collect. Cholesteatomas caused by ear infections are the most common kind.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope -- an instrument that has a magnifying glass and a light on it. She'll also test how well you can hear sounds to see if your cholesteatoma has affected your hearing. If your doctor thinks you might have a cholesteatoma, she'll refer you to an ear, nose, and throat specialist. There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma removed surgically?

Answer: You'll be given medicine to make you sleep, and the removal will be done in one of two ways: Mastoidectomy: Your mastoid is the bone behind your ear. Your surgeon opens this bone up to remove the cyst. Tympanoplasty: This fixes damage to your eardrum (tympanic membrane). Your surgeon uses cartilage or muscle from another part of your ear to fill any holes in your eardrum.


Question: Can cholesteatomas return after surgery?

Answer: Cholesteatomas can be aggressive. They can come back if they're not removed completely, so it's important to see your doctor for regular follow-up visits.


Question: How can a problem with a Eustachian tube cause a cholesteatoma?

Answer: If the tube that connects your ear and your nose doesn't work the way it should, your eardrum can't handle changes in pressure well. That can make it collapse and become a pocket. Skin cells build up in the pocket and form a cholesteatoma.


Question: How common are cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas aren't common -- only 9 out of every 100,000 adults in the U. S. get them. They can show up at any age, and men are more likely to get them than women.


Question: How is an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) used to diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): If a CT scan shows your doctor something that needs a closer look, an MRI is used if an infection is suspected to have spread to the brain.


Question: What happens if cholesteatomas are not removed for a long time?

Answer: The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance. More seriously, it can turn into an infection in your inner ear or even in your brain. This can cause pus-filled swelling in your brain or meningitis. Both are very rare.


Question: Are cholesteatomas cancerous?

Answer: But if you don't treat them, they can cause problems, including hearing loss. Cholesteatomas aren't common -- only 9 out of every 100,000 adults in the U. S. get them.


Question: How is a cholesteatoma treated?

Answer: There's no medicine that will make a cholesteatoma go away. They usually need to be removed with surgery. It typically takes 2 to 3 hours, and you won't need to stay in a hospital.


Question: What symptoms are caused by cholesteatomas?

Answer: Cholesteatomas typically cause symptoms in only one ear. The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance.


Question: How is a CT scan (computerized tomography) used to diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear. This can tell your doctor if your cholesteatoma has grown into the bones of your ear, which can mess with your hearing and balance. Your doctor may especially want to do this scan if surgery might be a treatment option for you. It can give him a better picture of what's going on before the procedure.


Question: How do computerized tomography (CT) scans diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There you'll get image scans such as the following so the doctor can look more closely at your cholesteatoma: CT scan (computerized tomography): This is a series of X-ray images that show your doctor a detailed picture of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside your ear. This can tell your doctor if your cholesteatoma has grown into the bones of your ear, which can mess with your hearing and balance. Your doctor may especially want to do this scan if surgery might be a treatment option for you. It can give him a better picture of what's going on before the procedure.


Question: Which medicines will cure a cholesteatoma?

Answer: There's no medicine that will make a cholesteatoma go away. They usually need to be removed with surgery. It typically takes 2 to 3 hours, and you won't need to stay in a hospital.


Question: How do MRIs diagnose a cholesteatoma?

Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): If a CT scan shows your doctor something that needs a closer look, an MRI is used if an infection is suspected to have spread to the brain.


Question: What is a cholesteatoma ear cyst?

Answer: The lump typically starts deep in your ear near your eardrum and grows toward your middle and inner ear. But if you don't treat them, they can cause problems, including hearing loss. Cholesteatomas aren't common -- only 9 out of every 100,000 adults in the U. S. get them. They can show up at any age, and men are more likely to get them than women. Skin cells build up in the pocket and form a cholesteatoma.


Question: What is a cholesteatoma?

Answer: The lump typically starts deep in your ear near your eardrum and grows toward your middle and inner ear. Skin cells build up in the pocket and form a cholesteatoma.


Question: What causes a cholesteatoma?

Answer: More seriously, it can turn into an infection in your inner ear or even in your brain. A vacuum is created in your middle ear, which sucks in your ear drum, making a sac -- the perfect place for skin cells to collect. Cholesteatomas caused by ear infections are the most common kind. You have a problem with a Eustachian tube. If the tube that connects your ear and your nose doesn't work the way it should, your eardrum can't handle changes in pressure well. That can make it collapse and become a pocket. Skin cells build up in the pocket and form a cholesteatoma. It forms when you do. In rare cases, cholesteatomas start when babies are still developing. Part of the lining of the ear gets trapped inside bone as it grows. These are usually found early in childhood.


Question: How are cholesteatomas treated?

Answer: The signs include: Constant sound inside your ear (tinnitus) Dizziness (or vertigo) Ear infection Earache Feeling of "fullness" in one ear Fluid that smells bad and leaks from your ears Trouble hearing in one ear Weakness in half your face If you've had a cholesteatoma for a long time and haven't treated it, it can grow into other areas of your ear, like the part you use for balance. Tympanoplasty: This fixes damage to your eardrum (tympanic membrane). Your surgeon uses cartilage or muscle from another part of your ear to fill any holes in your eardrum. Surgery often helps with some of your hearing loss, but not always. Cholesteatomas can be aggressive. They can come back if they're not removed completely, so it's important to see your doctor for regular follow-up visits.


Question: What are symptoms of liver cancer?

Answer: Liver cancer usually has no initial symptoms or may have vague symptoms such as fatigue, fever, chills, and night sweats. Eventually, symptoms may include: Pain, swelling, or tenderness in the upper right section of the abdomen Weight loss Loss of appetite Jaundice -- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Itching all over the body Swollen legs In the advanced stage, symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, general weakness, mental confusion, loss of sex drive, pain in the left side of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen, and the development of skin lesions that resemble a spider.


Question: What are the symptoms of liver cancer?

Answer: Liver cancer usually has no initial symptoms or may have vague symptoms such as fatigue, fever, chills, and night sweats. Eventually, symptoms may include: Pain, swelling, or tenderness in the upper right section of the abdomen Weight loss Loss of appetite Jaundice -- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Itching all over the body Swollen legs In the advanced stage, symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, general weakness, mental confusion, loss of sex drive, pain in the left side of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen, and the development of skin lesions that resemble a spider.


Question: What are symptoms of advanced stage liver cancer?

Answer: Eventually, symptoms may include: Pain, swelling, or tenderness in the upper right section of the abdomen Weight loss Loss of appetite Jaundice -- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Itching all over the body Swollen legs In the advanced stage, symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, general weakness, mental confusion, loss of sex drive, pain in the left side of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen, and the development of skin lesions that resemble a spider.


Question: What are the symptoms of advanced liver cancer?

Answer: Eventually, symptoms may include: Pain, swelling, or tenderness in the upper right section of the abdomen Weight loss Loss of appetite Jaundice -- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes Itching all over the body Swollen legs In the advanced stage, symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, general weakness, mental confusion, loss of sex drive, pain in the left side of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen, and the development of skin lesions that resemble a spider.


Question: What is an acetabular labrum tear?

Answer: A acetabular labrum tear can cause a wide variety of symptoms. Some people don't have any discomfort. Others have sharp pain around the groin, which may extend into the upper leg or buttocks. Acetabular labral tears often cause a feeling of the leg "catching" or "clicking" in the hip socket as you move it. It may also feel like the leg is locking up. Over time, the increased stress on the joint could lead to further deterioration and permanent damage.


Question: How is widow maker heart attack treated?

Answer: You're more likely to have heart attacks if you: Smoke Are obese Eat a lot of unhealthy foods Are over 45 (men) or 55 (women) Don't exercise Have high blood pressure Have uncontrolled diabetes Have a family history of heart disease You may survive a widow maker if the emergency room doctors can treat you quickly. The ER team races against time to unblock your left main or LAD artery within 90 minutes of your heart attack. Restoring the blood flow can prevent scars on your heart that can do permanent damage. Usually, you won't need surgery. Instead, your doctors most likely will need to place one or more stents.


Question: Who is more likely to have a widow maker heart attack?

Answer: You're more likely to have heart attacks if you: Smoke Are obese Eat a lot of unhealthy foods Are over 45 (men) or 55 (women) Don't exercise Have high blood pressure Have uncontrolled diabetes Have a family history of heart disease You may survive a widow maker if the emergency room doctors can treat you quickly.


Question: How does a widow maker heart attack happen?

Answer: Without oxygen, the cells in your heart muscles start to die in minutes. They're a major pipeline for blood. If blood gets 100% blocked at that critical location, it's almost always fatal without emergency care. You may feel pain, pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of your chest for several minutes. You're more likely to have heart attacks if you: Smoke Are obese Eat a lot of unhealthy foods Are over 45 (men) or 55 (women) Don't exercise Have high blood pressure Have uncontrolled diabetes Have a family history of heart disease You may survive a widow maker if the emergency room doctors can treat you quickly. The ER team races against time to unblock your left main or LAD artery within 90 minutes of your heart attack.


Question: What is widow maker heart attack?

Answer: Without emergency treatment, you most likely won't survive. Despite its name, the widow maker strikes women, too. A widow maker is when you get a big blockage at the beginning of the left main artery or the left anterior descending artery ( LAD). If blood gets 100% blocked at that critical location, it's almost always fatal without emergency care.


Question: What causes a widow maker heart attack?

Answer: Heart attacks can be deadly, and the widow maker is one of the deadliest kind. Cholesterol and fatty plaque clog your arteries over time and choke off blood.


Question: What signs of infection should you look out for when taking care of your stitches?

Answer: Even as you continue to take care of your stitches, watch for any signs of infection. They include: Increasing pain Redness around the wound that gets worse, not better A red streak from the wound traveling upward Swelling Pus or bleeding A bad smell coming from the area Fever Call your doctor if you see signs of infection. You should get treatment as soon as possible.


Question: What do my stitches do?

Answer: Your stitches are important because they lower your chances of more bleeding or infection. They also reduce scarring.


Question: Should you wash the dirt around the stitches?

Answer: Afterwards: You should wash off dirt and the crust that forms around the stitches. That lowers your chances of having a scar. You may need to place a bandage on it if the wound leaks clear, yellow fluid. After washing, be sure to dry the area with gentle pats of a clean towel.


Question: What are stitches?

Answer: You can think of stitches in your skin like you do those in your clothes -- thread that holds things together. They're made from various materials, such as nylon or silk. Some, such as the ones used in the mouth, dissolve by themselves. Others will need to be taken out later.


Question: How can you make scars from stitches less visible?

Answer: Here are a few things you can do to make them less visible: Protect yourself from the sun. Damaged skin is much more likely to be discolored by the sun for up to 6 months after an injury. Products with silicone may help soften scars and improve the color if you use them at least 12 hours a day. Talk to your doctor before you do this, though. Onion extract. Your doctor might suggest a cream ( Mederma) that contains this extract. Massage . Use your fingers and rub the scar in circles with medium pressure. This might help your scar to soften and flatten faster.


Question: How do you get your stitches taken out?

Answer: Some, such as the ones used in the mouth, dissolve by themselves. Others will need to be taken out later. When you should do this depends on the type of cut and where it's located. You usually need stitches that are over joints, such as your knees and elbows, to stay in for longer than in other places. With stitches, it's harder putting them in than taking them out.


Question: Why should you tell your doctors about supplements you're taking along with pycnogenol?

Answer: Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications.


Question: What are side effects of pycnogenol?

Answer: Side effects. Pycnogenol seems well-tolerated for use in adults for up to 6 months. It may cause side effects such as: Dizziness Vertigo Upset stomach Risks.


Question: What is pycnogenol?

Answer: It comes from the bark of a European pine tree. Pycnogenol is thought to be an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage. The active ingredients in pycnogenol can also be extracted from other sources, including peanut skin, grape seed, and witch hazel bark. It seems to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the legs. More research is needed to see how this supplement affects all of these conditions.


Question: How does pycnogenol interact with other medications?

Answer: It comes from the bark of a European pine tree. Pycnogenol is thought to be an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage. The active ingredients in pycnogenol can also be extracted from other sources, including peanut skin, grape seed, and witch hazel bark. They could interact with medicines to suppress the immune system, chemotherapy drugs, and blood thinners.


Question: What are risks of taking pycnogenol?

Answer: It comes from the bark of a European pine tree. Pycnogenol is thought to be an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage. The active ingredients in pycnogenol can also be extracted from other sources, including peanut skin, grape seed, and witch hazel bark. Pycnogenol may stimulate the immune system. So it may not be safe for people with immune disorders, such as: Lupus Multiple sclerosis ( MS) Rheumatoid arthritis It's not known if pycnogenol is safe for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: Does pycnogenol affect medicines?

Answer: Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. Pycnogenol may stimulate the immune system.


Question: What are optimal doses of pycnogenol?

Answer: Optimal doses of pycnogenol have not been set for any condition. If you take any medications regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using pycnogenol supplements.


Question: What are some side effects associated with taking aromatase inhibitors to treat breast cancer?

Answer: One serious side effect of aromatase inhibitors is osteoporosis, which can lead to bone fractures. You'll need bone density tests to check for osteoporosis. Other side effects include hot flashes, muscle and joint pain, memory problems, and a greater chance of heart disease.


Question: How is Tamoxifen taken to treat breast cancer?

Answer: Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex, Soltamox) is a pill you take daily. It's been prescribed for decades to treat breast cancer. Women of any age can use it, regardless of whether they've gone through menopause. Research shows that taking tamoxifen for 5 years lowers the chance of breast cancer recurrence and new breast cancers in women with ER-positive or ER-unknown breast tumors.


Question: How does ovarian ablation help with breast cancer?

Answer: If you haven't yet gone through menopause and have ER-positive cancer, your doctor may want to stop your ovaries from making estrogen. This can be done by: Aiming radiation at the ovaries Surgically removing the ovaries Taking a drug called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) agonist Your treatment may include both ovarian ablation and hormone therapy.


Question: Which hormone drugs treat breast cancer?

Answer: There are other hormone therapy drugs used to treat breast cancer, too. Most, such as fulvestrant ( Faslodex) and toremifene ( Fareston), are used to treat metastatic breast cancer. Toremifene, like tamoxifen, blocks certain effects of estrogen and is used as a treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Studies show that giving women an LHRH agonist alone or with tamoxifen is at least as effective as the chemotherapy combination used in hormone-sensitive, early breast cancer and in metastatic breast cancer of premenopausal women.


Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for head and neck cancer?

Answer: You'll be given medication to stop the cancer cells from growing and dividing, which should destroy them. The following are possible side effects: Feeling tired Infection Feeling sick to your stomach Hair loss Loss of appetite Diarrhea Targeted therapy.


Question: How is immunotherapy used to treat head and neck cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses parts of your immune system to help fight cancer. Doctors can either stimulate your immune system to attack cancer cells, or they can give you man-made proteins to strengthen your immune system.


Question: How is a head and neck cancer diagnosed?

Answer: Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat. He should also check for lumps in your neck. This is especially true if you use tobacco or have used it in the past, or you drink regularly.


Question: What is the pharynx?

Answer: This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat. It's a tube about 5 inches long that goes from behind your nose to the top of your esophagus (which is the tube in your chest leading down to your stomach). Your pharynx includes your tonsils, the back of your tongue, and your soft palate. That's the soft part at the back of the roof of your mouth.


Question: How is surgery used to treat head and neck cancer?

Answer: If there's a chance the cancer has spread, your doctor might take out some of the small glands called lymph nodes in your neck.


Question: What does the treatment for head and neck cancer depend on?

Answer: What kind of treatment you'll get depends on a few things, such as: Where the cancer is located What stage the cancer is in How old you are Your general health If you have HPV You might get just one kind of treatment, or you might get a combination of them. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.


Question: What causes head and neck cancers?

Answer: They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco. This includes chewing tobacco and using snuff, not just smoking.


Question: What are the side effects of targeted therapy for head and neck cancer?

Answer: You'll be given medications that work on the genes, proteins, and other parts of the cancer cells. Side effects of target therapy depend on the medication that is used. But often, they include problems with your skin, hair, nails, or eyes.


Question: What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?

Answer: The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too. They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco.


Question: What are the symptoms of salivary gland cancer?

Answer: Here are signs to look out for: Chronic sinus infections that antibiotics don't cure Blocked sinuses you can't clear Nosebleeds Headaches Swelling around the eyes Pain in your upper teeth Problems with false teeth not fitting anymore These make saliva (spit). They're in the lower part of your mouth near your jawbone. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too.


Question: What are the signs of cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?

Answer: Signs of larynx cancer include: Painful swallowing Ear pain Changes in your voice Your nasal cavity is the space inside your nose. The paranasal sinuses are small spaces in the bones of your head around your nose. See your doctor if you have symptoms of this type of cancer. Here are signs to look out for: Chronic sinus infections that antibiotics don't cure Blocked sinuses you can't clear Nosebleeds Headaches Swelling around the eyes Pain in your upper teeth Problems with false teeth not fitting anymore These make saliva (spit).


Question: What can increase your risk for head and neck cancer?

Answer: If you use tobacco and drink too much alcohol, you raise your risk even more. Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat.


Question: How can targeted therapy help with treating head and neck cancer?

Answer: You'll be given medications that work on the genes, proteins, and other parts of the cancer cells. Side effects of target therapy depend on the medication that is used. But often, they include problems with your skin, hair, nails, or eyes.


Question: What are symptoms of oral cancer?

Answer: This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat.


Question: How can immunotherapy help with treating head and neck cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses parts of your immune system to help fight cancer. Doctors can either stimulate your immune system to attack cancer cells, or they can give you man-made proteins to strengthen your immune system.


Question: How is head and neck cancer treated?

Answer: What kind of treatment you'll get depends on a few things, such as: Where the cancer is located What stage the cancer is in How old you are Your general health If you have HPV You might get just one kind of treatment, or you might get a combination of them. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.


Question: What can raise your chances for head and neck cancer?

Answer: Drinking too much alcohol raises your risk, too. If you use tobacco and drink too much alcohol, you raise your risk even more. Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat.


Question: How does your doctor check for head and neck cancer?

Answer: Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat. He should also check for lumps in your neck. This is especially true if you use tobacco or have used it in the past, or you drink regularly.


Question: What tests can help in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer?

Answer: If you have symptoms of a head or neck cancer or your doctor finds anything strange at your yearly exam, you might have to get a few tests. These include: Blood tests Pee tests HPV test Endoscopy (a doctor looks at the inside of your head and neck with a tube that goes in through your nose and down your throat) Tissue sample (biopsy) and lab tests on the tumor if there is one X-rays Scans If you have head or neck cancer, your doctor will try to figure out how far it has advanced, or what stage it is in.


Question: What are the side effects of radiation for treating head and neck cancer?

Answer: Your doctor might zap the cancer with a laser or take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. Some of the side effects include: Pain or trouble swallowing Changes in your voice Loss of appetite Red or irritated skin Thick spit Feeling sick to your stomach Being tired Sore throat Sores in your mouth Chemotherapy (â Chemoâ).


Question: What are general symptoms of head and neck cancer?

Answer: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too. They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco.


Question: What is oral cavity cancer?

Answer: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. This type of cancer affects your lips and the inside of your mouth. This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat.


Question: What are symptoms of salivary gland cancer?

Answer: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. They're named for the specific part of your head or neck they affect. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too.


Question: What are signs of larynx cancer?

Answer: Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts in or near your throat, voice box, nose, sinuses, or mouth. That's the little piece of flesh that hangs in the back of your throat. It caps over your larynx when you eat or drink to keep food and liquid from getting in (âgoing down the wrong pipeâ). Signs of larynx cancer include: Painful swallowing Ear pain Changes in your voice Your nasal cavity is the space inside your nose.


Question: What are side effects of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer?

Answer: Your doctor might zap the cancer with a laser or take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. Some of the side effects include: Pain or trouble swallowing Changes in your voice Loss of appetite Red or irritated skin Thick spit Feeling sick to your stomach Being tired Sore throat Sores in your mouth Chemotherapy (â Chemoâ).


Question: When should you call your doctor about insect bite symptoms?

Answer: Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms: Rapid swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or around the eyes Difficulty breathing Wheezing or hoarseness Severe itching, cramping, or numbness Dizziness A reddish rash or hives Stomach cramps Loss of consciousness If you experience any of these things and have epinephrine on hand, don't hesitate to use it --even if you're not sure your symptoms are caused by allergies. Using an auto-injector pen as a precaution won't harm you.


Question: What are symptoms of a poisonous spider bite?

Answer: If you've been bitten by a poisonous spider, you may notice any of the following: Intense pain at the site of the wound Stiffness or joint pain Muscle spasms Abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting Fever or chills Difficulty breathing or swallowing A wound that spreads or turns into a sore (tissue around the wound might also die) Dizziness Difficulty speaking Convulsions Insect stings and bites can cause severe allergic reactions. Doctors call this âanaphylaxis.â Rarely, a spider bite can cause an allergic reaction doctors call âanaphylactic shock.â It can be fatal. Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms: Rapid swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or around the eyes Difficulty breathing Wheezing or hoarseness Severe itching, cramping, or numbness Dizziness A reddish rash or hives Stomach cramps Loss of consciousness If you experience any of these things and have epinephrine on hand, don't hesitate to use it --even if you're not sure your symptoms are caused by allergies.


Question: What are high-risk HPV strains?

Answer: Not all of the 40 sexually transmitted HPV viruses cause serious health problems. High-risk HPV strains include HPV 16 and 18, which cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Other high-risk HPV viruses include 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others.


Question: What are low-risk HPV strains?

Answer: Low-risk HPV strains, such as HPV 6 and 11, cause about 90% of genital warts, which rarely develop into cancer. These growths can look like bumps. Sometimes, they’re shaped like cauliflower. The warts can show up weeks or months after you’ve had sex with an infected partner.


Question: What are the symptoms of HPV infection?

Answer: Often, there are no symptoms of an HPV infection, and the body clears the infection on its own in a few years. Many people never know they were infected. But sometimes an infection with high-risk types of HPV will last longer. This can cause changes in the cells of the cervix that could lead to cancer including vulvar cancer. The same thing could cause abnormal changes in cells of the penis and anus, but this is rare.


Question: How can you prevent HPV?

Answer: You can get HPV through sex (vaginal, anal, or oral). It spreads through skin-to-skin contact. HPV can infect skin not normally covered by a condom, so using one won’t fully protect you. You can’t get HPV from a toilet seat, swimming pools, or from an infected person’s blood. The only way to avoid all risk of any type of HPV infection is to never be sexually active -- no vaginal, anal, or oral sex. To lower your risk, you can also limit the number of sex partners you have. You can also choose partners who've had few or no sex partners before you. Three vaccines -- Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil-9 -- protect against HPV. They’re available to boys and girls as young as 9 and adults up to age 26. The vaccines focus on some of the higher-risk types of HPV. All three guard against HPV 16 and 18. Gardasil and Gardasil-9 are also effective against HPV 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts. Gardasil-9 also covers against the high-risk strains 31, 33, 45, 52, 58.


Question: What are the different types of HPV?

Answer: Many people don't have any symptoms, and the infection might go away on its own. HPV lives in thin, flat cells called epithelial cells. These are found on the skin's surface. They’re also found on the surface of the vagina, anus, vulva, cervix and head of the penis. They’re also found inside the mouth and throat. About 60 of the 100 HPV types cause warts on areas like the hands or feet. The other 40 or so enter the body during sexual contact. They’re drawn to the body's mucus membranes, such as the moist layers around the anus and genitals. The vaccines focus on some of the higher-risk types of HPV.


Question: What should you know about HPV?

Answer: Many people don't have any symptoms, and the infection might go away on its own. But some types of HPV can lead to cervical cancer or cancer of the anus or penis. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } HPV isn’t just one virus. There are more than 100 kinds, and some are riskier than others. It spreads through skin-to-skin contact.


Question: What are the treatments for cancer?

Answer: Depending on the type and stage of cancer, treatments to eradicate the tumor or slow its growth may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or immunotherapy.


Question: Do any diets or alternative therapies for cancer work?

Answer: In fact, studies show some supplements may increase cancer risk, such as lung cancer risk in smokers taking beta carotene and prostate cancer risk in men taking high doses of vitamin E. No diet has been shown to slow, reverse, or cure cancer. Also, experts don't recommend stopping standard treatment in place of complementary medicine, but many therapies can help people with cancer feel better.


Question: What things can I do to make living with cancer a little easier?

Answer: Other tips: Join a cancer support group. Get plenty of rest, balanced with light exercise. Rather than feeling compelled to maintain a "positive attitude," express your emotions honestly. Don't worry if you sometimes feel depressed or afraid: These are normal feelings and legitimate reactions that will not affect your cancer. Fill your days with activities you enjoy. Reading a good book, listening to music, and talking with friends are surprisingly therapeutic.


Question: How can you relieve the side effects of cancer treatment?

Answer: Relieving side effects of cancer treatment: After radiation therapy for cancer, be gentle to your skin. Do not scrub it, expose it to sunlight, or wear tight clothing. Aloe vera ointment is gentle and soothing, along with non-irritating lotions or creams, such as vitamin E. Eat light snacks throughout the day rather than three heavy meals. Try eating food cold or at room temperature to avoid nausea. If your treatment involves lowering your white blood cell count, avoid people who are ill. Tell your doctor about any fever or unusual symptoms.


Question: What herbs are used to fight cancer?

Answer: While neither claims to cure the disease, some evidence shows that they help reduce symptoms and side effects of the illness and its treatment. Numerous herbal remedies profess to fight cancer and its related symptoms; unfortunately, little solid evidence exists to prove their effectiveness. A few herbs may help with specific complaints: Ginger tea and peppermint tea or lozenges may ameliorate nausea, valerian root can help with anxiety and stress, capsicum cream might relieve muscle aches. The FDA does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. Talk to your doctor or expert on herbal remedies and research carefully because some of these herbs may affect your other methods of treatment.


Question: What happens if you get a positive diagnosis for cancer?

Answer: This essential follow-up phase of diagnosis is called staging. The most important thing doctors need to know is whether cancer has spread from one area of the body to another. If the initial diagnosis is negative for cancer and symptoms persist, further tests may be needed. If the biopsy is positive for cancer, be sure to seek a confirming opinion by a doctor who specializes in cancer treatment before any treatment is started.


Question: How can mind/body therapies help with cancer?

Answer: Some mind/body therapies improve quality of life for cancer patients through behavior modification; others encourage expression of emotions. Behavior therapies such as guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, hypnotherapy, and biofeedback are used to alleviate pain, nausea, vomiting, and the anxiety that may occur in anticipation of, or after, cancer treatment. Individual or group counseling allows patients to confront problems and emotions caused by cancer and receive support from fellow patients in a group setting. Patients who pursue these types of therapies tend to feel less lonely, less anxious about the future, and more optimistic about recovery.


Question: How can exercise help people with cancer?

Answer: Exercise can help control fatigue, muscle tension, and anxiety in those with cancer. Patients tend to feel better if they do exercises such as walking or swimming. Exercise has also been shown to improve the outcomes associated with cancer treatment.


Question: How is cancer diagnosed?

Answer: Cancer diagnosis begins with a thorough physical exam and a complete medical history. Laboratory studies of blood, urine, and stool can detect abnormalities that may indicate cancer. When a tumor is suspected, imaging tests such as X-rays, computed tomography ( CT), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), ultrasound, and fiber-optic endoscopy examinations help doctors determine the cancer's location and size. To confirm the diagnosis of most cancers , a biopsy needs to be performed in which a tissue sample is removed from the suspected tumor and studied under a microscope to check for cancer cells.


Question: What are other tips for at-home care for cancer?

Answer: Other tips: Join a cancer support group. Get plenty of rest, balanced with light exercise. Rather than feeling compelled to maintain a "positive attitude," express your emotions honestly. Don't worry if you sometimes feel depressed or afraid: These are normal feelings and legitimate reactions that will not affect your cancer. Fill your days with activities you enjoy. Reading a good book, listening to music, and talking with friends are surprisingly therapeutic. Contact the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute for free information about cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and tips for managing cancer symptoms.


Question: How can I help with pain from cancer treatment?

Answer: Relieving pain: In addition to taking prescribed medication, try relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation.


Question: What does a cancer diagnosis consist of?

Answer: Cancer diagnosis begins with a thorough physical exam and a complete medical history. Laboratory studies of blood, urine, and stool can detect abnormalities that may indicate cancer. When a tumor is suspected, imaging tests such as X-rays, computed tomography ( CT), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), ultrasound, and fiber-optic endoscopy examinations help doctors determine the cancer's location and size. To confirm the diagnosis of most cancers , a biopsy needs to be performed in which a tissue sample is removed from the suspected tumor and studied under a microscope to check for cancer cells.


Question: What are examples of complementary medicine for cancer?

Answer: Acupuncture and acupressure are examples of "complementary" medicine for cancer. While neither claims to cure the disease, some evidence shows that they help reduce symptoms and side effects of the illness and its treatment.


Question: Do acupuncture and acupressure help with cancer?

Answer: Acupuncture and acupressure are examples of "complementary" medicine for cancer. While neither claims to cure the disease, some evidence shows that they help reduce symptoms and side effects of the illness and its treatment.


Question: Where can I find support if I have cancer?

Answer: Supportive care from nurses and other professionals should accompany cancer treatment. The goal is to relieve pain and other symptoms, maintain general health, improve quality of life, and provide emotional, psychological, and logistical support to patients and their families. Similar supportive treatment is available to rehabilitate patients after curative treatment. Supportive therapy such as hospice care for cancer patients nearing the end of their lives provides relief from pain and other irreversible symptoms. Most mainstream care is geared toward providing supportive treatment through the broad resources of a cancer treatment center. Complementary cancer therapies, which are generally provided outside a hospital, can also provide supportive care.


Question: How can social support help with living with cancer?

Answer: Exercise can help control fatigue, muscle tension, and anxiety in those with cancer. Observational studies have shown that cancer is more common in some people with certain dietary habits -- such as colorectal cancer in people who have diets rich in meat products.


Question: How can nutrition help with cancer prevention?

Answer: So far, data has not supported the use of any vitamins or supplements to decrease the risk of cancer. In fact, studies show some supplements may increase cancer risk, such as lung cancer risk in smokers taking beta carotene and prostate cancer risk in men taking high doses of vitamin E. No diet has been shown to slow, reverse, or cure cancer. In some cases, a strong support network can even affect the length of survival of cancer patients; studies have shown that men who experience limited social contact have a shorter survival time, while women with good social support survive longer from their cancers.


Question: How can social support and spirituality help with cancer?

Answer: The goal is to relieve pain and other symptoms, maintain general health, improve quality of life, and provide emotional, psychological, and logistical support to patients and their families. Exercise can help control fatigue, muscle tension, and anxiety in those with cancer. Patients who pursue these types of therapies tend to feel less lonely, less anxious about the future, and more optimistic about recovery. Observational studies have shown that cancer is more common in some people with certain dietary habits -- such as colorectal cancer in people who have diets rich in meat products.


Question: How can religion help with living with cancer?

Answer: The goal is to relieve pain and other symptoms, maintain general health, improve quality of life, and provide emotional, psychological, and logistical support to patients and their families. Patients who pursue these types of therapies tend to feel less lonely, less anxious about the future, and more optimistic about recovery.


Question: What can happen when a nerve is damaged?

Answer: It may become quiet and send no information, which causes numbness. Or it may send excessive and inappropriate pain messages.


Question: What if medicine doesn't help your nerve pain?

Answer: If your nerve pain isn't responding to medications and self-care, it may be time to talk to a neuropathic pain specialist. Your primary care doctor will provide a referral, most likely to a neurologist.


Question: What causes nerve pain?

Answer: Nerve pain is caused by damage to the nerve. More than 50 medical conditions, drugs, and toxins are known to cause nerve damage, including: Diabetes Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infection Celiac disease Trauma Amyloidosis Fabry's disease Medications, including B6 (pyridoxine), isoniazid, HIV drugs, or chemotherapy Toxins, such as heavy alcohol use Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus and vasculitis Vitamin B12 deficiency Some cancers, such as lymphoma or myeloma Lyme disease Once a nerve is damaged, it is more likely to start behaving abnormally.


Question: What are home remedies for nerve pain?

Answer: Regular exercise may expand blood vessels in the feet over time, nourishing damaged nerves back to health. Start with a daily walk and gradually build up pace and distance. Increase the odds by limiting caffeine intake in the afternoon, keeping a consistent bedtime, and reserving the bedroom for sleep. Ask your doctor or a trusted friend for a referral to a reputable professional who provides guided imagery, meditation, biofeedback, or hypnosis.


Question: When does sinusitis occur?

Answer: Sinusitis usually happens after you've had a cold or allergies. But certain symptoms will keep going, even after your cold goes away. You'll probably have a stuffy nose and cough for more than a week or two. You may hear your doctor talk about two kinds of sinusitis: "acute" and "chronic." There's a simple way to tell them apart. If your symptoms last less than 4 weeks, it's acute. If they go on for 3 months or longer, you have chronic sinusitis.


Question: Are antidepressant drugs an option to treat depression?

Answer: Antidepressant drugs may be an option, but you'll need to use them only as your doctor prescribes. They usually work best when you take them along with psychotherapy, or talk therapy. In this kind of treatment, you talk to a mental health care professional, who can help you work through the things that may trigger your depression.


Question: What should I do if I have thoughts of suicide?

Answer: If you or someone you know has any of these signs, contact a mental health professional or go to the emergency room right away: Talk about killing yourself Always talk or think about death Make comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Say things like, " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or acting happy Take risks that could be deadly, like driving through red lights Lose interest in things you used to care about Put affairs in order or change a will


Question: Is depression often associated with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: When you're managing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis ( MS), it's natural that you might find there are times you feel down. If you notice you're getting depressed, let your doctor know. He'll help you get the support and treatment you need to get back on track.


Question: What is the link between multiple sclerosis and depression?

Answer: So it's easy to understand how the long-term physical symptoms of multiple sclerosis can bring on changes in your mood. But MS itself might also cause depression. The disease may destroy the protective coating around nerves that helps the brain send signals that affect mood. Depression is also a side effect of some the drugs that treat multiple sclerosis, such as steroids and interferon.


Question: When should I get help for dealing with depression?

Answer: Ask your doctor for help if your sadness is making your life worse, like causing trouble with relationships, work issues, or family disputes -- and there isn't a clear solution to these problems.


Question: What are the warning signs of suicide?

Answer: If you or someone you know has any of these signs, contact a mental health professional or go to the emergency room right away: Talk about killing yourself Always talk or think about death Make comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Say things like, " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or acting happy Take risks that could be deadly, like driving through red lights Lose interest in things you used to care about Put affairs in order or change a will


Question: What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) related depression?

Answer: The first step in getting the right treatment is to recognize that you're depressed. The next is to seek help. These things may be the hardest part of the entire process. But once you connect with a doctor, there are many ways to help you get better. Antidepressant drugs may be an option, but you'll need to use them only as your doctor prescribes. They usually work best when you take them along with psychotherapy, or talk therapy. In this kind of treatment, you talk to a mental health care professional, who can help you work through the things that may trigger your depression.


Question: What are the warning signs of suicide related to depression in multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: If you or someone you know has any of these signs, contact a mental health professional or go to the emergency room right away: Talk about killing yourself Always talk or think about death Make comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Say things like, " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or acting happy Take risks that could be deadly, like driving through red lights Lose interest in things you used to care about Put affairs in order or change a will


Question: What is the treatment for depression?

Answer: The first step in getting the right treatment is to recognize that you're depressed. The next is to seek help. These things may be the hardest part of the entire process. But once you connect with a doctor, there are many ways to help you get better.


Question: When should you get help for depression related to multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Ask your doctor for help if your sadness is making your life worse, like causing trouble with relationships, work issues, or family disputes -- and there isn't a clear solution to these problems. If you have thoughts about suicide, get medical help right away.


Question: How is multiple sclerosis (MS) linked to depression?

Answer: So it's easy to understand how the long-term physical symptoms of multiple sclerosis can bring on changes in your mood. But MS itself might also cause depression. The disease may destroy the protective coating around nerves that helps the brain send signals that affect mood. Depression is also a side effect of some the drugs that treat multiple sclerosis, such as steroids and interferon.


Question: What are the symptoms of depression related to multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: You might also feel hopeless or worthless. Some other symptoms you may have are: Trouble concentrating Uncontrollable crying Hard time making decisions Urge to sleep a lot Trouble falling or staying asleep at night Aches and pains you can't explain Upset stomach and digestive problems Low sex drive or other sexual problems Headache Change in appetite that causes weight loss or gain Some people who are depressed may have thoughts of death or suicide, or even attempt suicide. If you or someone you know has any of these signs, contact a mental health professional or go to the emergency room right away: Talk about killing yourself Always talk or think about death Make comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Say things like, " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or acting happy Take risks that could be deadly, like driving through red lights Lose interest in things you used to care about Put affairs in order or change a will


Question: What are the symptoms of depression?

Answer: You might also feel hopeless or worthless. Some other symptoms you may have are: Trouble concentrating Uncontrollable crying Hard time making decisions Urge to sleep a lot Trouble falling or staying asleep at night Aches and pains you can't explain Upset stomach and digestive problems Low sex drive or other sexual problems Headache Change in appetite that causes weight loss or gain Some people who are depressed may have thoughts of death or suicide, or even attempt suicide. If you or someone you know has any of these signs, contact a mental health professional or go to the emergency room right away: Talk about killing yourself Always talk or think about death Make comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Say things like, " It would be better if I weren't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse Sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or acting happy Take risks that could be deadly, like driving through red lights Lose interest in things you used to care about Put affairs in order or change a will


Question: Where can I get help for depression?

Answer: He can talk with you about how you feel and make sure that medicines you take or another health problem aren't causing your symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe treatment or refer you to a mental health care professional, who can look at your symptoms and recommend ways to treat them. But once you connect with a doctor, there are many ways to help you get better.


Question: Can you get depression from multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: If you notice you're getting depressed, let your doctor know. He'll help you get the support and treatment you need to get back on track. You might also feel hopeless or worthless.


Question: Where can you get help for depression related to multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: He can talk with you about how you feel and make sure that medicines you take or another health problem aren't causing your symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe treatment or refer you to a mental health care professional, who can look at your symptoms and recommend ways to treat them. But once you connect with a doctor, there are many ways to help you get better.


Question: What are symptoms of schwannomas?

Answer: Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination.


Question: At what age are nerve sheath tumors usually diagnosed?

Answer: Nerve sheath tumors are usually diagnosed when people are between the ages of 30 and 50, although these diseases can sometimes affect children and elderly people.


Question: How do schwannomas develop?

Answer: Schwannomas form in the tissue that surrounds and insulates nerves. Schwannomas develop when schwann cells -- the cells that form the covering around nerve fibers -- grow abnormally. Schwannomas typically develop along nerves of the head and neck.


Question: What are symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas?

Answer: Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination.


Question: What ages are most affected by nerve sheath tumors?

Answer: Nerve sheath tumors are usually diagnosed when people are between the ages of 30 and 50, although these diseases can sometimes affect children and elderly people.


Question: Do nerve sheath tumors typically recur after treatment?

Answer: Schwannomas usually don't come back if they are removed completely. The prognosis after treatment for neurofibrosarcoma depends on the size of the tumor, where it is located, and how far it has spread. Long-term survival can vary from person to person. It's possible for the cancer to return, even after aggressive treatment.


Question: How are nerve sheath tumors diagnosed?

Answer: Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination. Usually they'll also perform imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans to pinpoint the location and size of the tumor. A biopsy (removing a tissue sample and examining it in the lab) can confirm whether the tumor is malignant.


Question: How are schwannomas treated?

Answer: Schawnnomas may not need treatment if they are not causing any symptoms. Surgery is sometimes needed if the tumor is pressing on a nerve causing pain or other problems. The most common treatment for neurofibrosarcomas is to remove them with surgery. Radiation therapy is often used after surgery to help decrease the risk of recurrence. However, surgery can be difficult if the tumor is very close to or surrounding an important nerve, because the surgeon could damage the nerve while trying to remove the tumor. In addition to surgery and radiation therapy, chemotherapy may also be needed. When a tumor can't be removed, high-dose radiation therapy may be used to target the tumor.


Question: What are the symptoms of schwannomas?

Answer: Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination.


Question: What are the symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas?

Answer: Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination.


Question: Where does schwannomas typically develop?

Answer: Schwannomas typically develop along nerves of the head and neck. A type of schwannoma called vestibular schwannoma (or acoustic neuroma) affects the nerve that connects the brain to the inner ear, which can affect your sense of balance. Although schwannomas do not spread, they can grow large enough to press down on important structures in the brain (including the brain stem).


Question: How are neurofibrosarcomas grouped?

Answer: Because neurofibrosarcoma originates in nerves, it is considered part of a group of cancers called soft tissue sarcomas. Soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon. They make up less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed each year. Neurofibrosarcomas account for only a small number of these soft sarcomas.


Question: What is the link between schwannomas and neurofibromatosis?

Answer: Vestibular schwannomas are linked to neurofibromatosis type 2. Having a genetic disorder called schwannomatosis also can increase the risk for schwannomas. A small percentage of neurofibrosarcomas are related to past radiation exposure.


Question: What is vestibular schwannoma?

Answer: Although schwannomas do not spread, they can grow large enough to press down on important structures in the brain (including the brain stem). Symptoms of schwannomas can include: A painless or painful growth or swelling on the face Hearing loss or ringing in the ear (vestibular schwannoma) Loss of coordination and balance (vestibular schwannoma) Numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the face Symptoms of neurofibrosarcomas can include: Swelling or a lump in the arms or legs Pain or soreness Difficulty using the arms, legs, feet, or hands Doctors diagnose nerve sheath tumors by doing a physical and neurological (brain and nervous system) examination.


Question: What are schwannomas and neurofibrosarcomas?

Answer: Neurofibrosarcomas are malignant tumors. These are known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, or neurofibrosarcomas. With neurofibrosarcomas, the doctor will remove the tumor and the tissue around it.


Question: How are neurofibrosarcomas treated?

Answer: The most common treatment for neurofibrosarcomas is to remove them with surgery. Surgeons will try to remove the tumor without damaging too much of the affected arm or leg (called limb-salvage or limb-sparing surgery), but if the tumor can't be removed, the arm or leg might need to be amputated. Radiation and chemotherapy may be done before surgery to shrink the tumor so it can be removed more easily, or after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left behind.


Question: What are neurofibrosarcomas and how common are they?

Answer: Neurofibrosarcomas are malignant tumors. These are known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, or neurofibrosarcomas. Because neurofibrosarcoma originates in nerves, it is considered part of a group of cancers called soft tissue sarcomas. Soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon. They make up less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed each year. Neurofibrosarcomas account for only a small number of these soft sarcomas.