Question: How is vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty used to treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Surgical procedures used to treat spinal fractures are: Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Spinal fusion surgery These procedures for spinal compression fractures involve small, minimally invasive incisions, so they require very little healing time. They also use acrylic bone cement that hardens quickly, stabilizing the spinal bone fragments and therefore stabilizing the spine immediately. Most patients go home the same day or after one night's hospital stay.


Question: What can be used in spinal fusion surgery for spinal compression fractures?

Answer: The patient's own bone or bone from a bone bank can be used to create a graft. The patient's own bone marrow or blood platelets -- or a bio-engineered molecule -- can be used to stimulate growth of bone for the procedure.


Question: When is spinal fusion surgery used for spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Spinal fusion surgery is sometimes used for spinal compression fractures to eliminate motion between two vertebrae and relieve pain. The procedure connects two or more vertebrae together, holds them in the correct position, and keeps them from moving until they have a chance to grow together, or fuse.


Question: What pain medications are used to treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: A carefully prescribed "cocktail" of pain medications can relieve bone-on-bone, muscle, and nerve pain, explains F. Todd Wetzel, MD, professor of orthopaedics and neurosurgery at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. " If it's prescribed correctly, you can reduce doses of the individual drugs in the cocktail." Over-the-counter pain medications are often sufficient in relieving pain. Two types of non-prescription medications -- acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) -- are recommended. Narcotic pain medications and muscle relaxants are often prescribed for short periods of time, since there is risk of addiction. Antidepressants can also help relieve nerve-related pain.


Question: How can back bracing treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: A back brace provides external support to limit the motion of fractured vertebrae -- much like applying a cast on a broken wrist. The rigid style of a back brace limits spine-related motion significantly, which may help reduce pain. Newer elastic braces and corsets are more comfortable to wear but don't work, says Wetzel. " There's an old saying, ' The inconvenience of the brace is directly proportional to its effectiveness,'" he tells Web MD. However, braces should be used cautiously and only under a doctor's supervision. Weakening and loss of muscle can occur with excessive use of braces for lumbar conditions.


Question: How is spinal fusion surgery done to treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Metal screws are placed through a small tube of bone and into the vertebrae. The screws are attached to metal plates or metal rods that are bolted together in the back of the spine. The hardware holds the vertebrae in place. This stops movement, allowing the vertebrae to fuse. Bone is grafted into the spaces between vertebrae. "


Question: What do doctors think about vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for the treatment of spinal compression fractures?

Answer: These procedures are amazing, when you look at how well patients do," says Rex Marco, MD, chief of spine surgery and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. " They're often in terrible, terrible pain, and it's not going away. But with two small incisions we can take care of something that needed a huge operation in the past but without really good results." " We do everything we can to make the operation go as smoothly as possible," says Marco. " Antibiotics decrease the chance of infection. And a special x-ray machine helps us get the needle into the bone and assure that cement goes into the bone and stays in the bone."


Question: What is the treatment for osteoporosis that has caused a spinal compression fracture?

Answer: Osteoporosis treatment.


Question: How can activity modification treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Bed rest may help with acute pain, but it can also lead to further bone loss and worsening osteoporosis, which raises your risk for future compression fractures. Doctors may recommend a short period of bed rest for no more than a few days. However, prolonged inactivity should be avoided.


Question: What is vertebroplasty and how is it used to treat spinal compression?

Answer: This procedure is effective for relieving pain from spinal compression fractures and helping to stabilize the fracture. During this procedure: A needle is inserted into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure that it's done with accuracy. The doctor injects a bone cement mixture into the fractured vertebrae. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. The patient typically goes home the same day or after a one-night hospital stay.


Question: What are the drawbacks of spinal fusion surgery for spinal compression fractures?

Answer: There are drawbacks to spinal fusion surgery. It eliminates the natural movement of the two vertebrae, which limits the person's movement. Also, it puts more stress on vertebrae next to the fusion - increasing the chance of fracture in those vertebrae. Even after healing is complete, patients may need to avoid certain lifting and twisting activities to prevent putting excess stress on the spine. "


Question: How can you recover from spinal compression fractures?

Answer: The majority of fractures heal with pain medication, reduction in activity, medications to stabilize bone density, and a good back brace to minimize motion during the healing process. Most people return to their everyday activities. Some may need further treatment, such as surgery.


Question: How is a vertebroplasty done to treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: This procedure is effective for relieving pain from spinal compression fractures and helping to stabilize the fracture. During this procedure: A needle is inserted into the damaged vertebrae. X-rays help ensure that it's done with accuracy. The doctor injects a bone cement mixture into the fractured vertebrae. The cement mixture hardens in about 10 minutes. The patient typically goes home the same day or after a one-night hospital stay.


Question: What do doctors say about spinal fusion surgery for treating spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Spinal fusion is often the last resort," Wetzel tells Web MD. " If the bone is more than 50% compressed in height, if patients are in a great deal of pain, and if they have had complications from another spinal surgery, we suggest spinal fusion surgery."


Question: What are the follow-up steps that I can do for a person who had an allergic reaction to an insect sting?

Answer: Follow Up Make sure that someone stays with the person for 24 hours after anaphylaxis in case of another attack. Report the reaction to the person's doctor.


Question: How do plant foods help with digestion?

Answer: Tap Into Plant Power Plant foods have fiber. This helps you stay regular. Bonus: It fills you up, which is a plus if you want to lose weight.


Question: How can a food diary help with digestion?

Answer: Dear ( Food) Diary Pay attention to foods that seem to trigger stomach discomfort. Write down what you ate and how you felt so you remember for next time. Some people find that acidic foods, like tomatoes or citrus fruits, trigger heartburn. For others, wheat, onion, or dairy products such as milk or cheese cause problems. Spicy food is a common cause of heartburn, stomach pain, or diarrhea, so you may want to stay away from anything that heats up your mouth.


Question: How can fluids help with digestion?

Answer: Have a Side of Soup Water and other fluids such as soup, broth, and juice can ease things through your system. Not a soup fan? Try herbal tea or water with a slice of cucumber, lemon, or lime. Or anything, really, as long as it doesn't have alcohol (which dehydrates you) or too much caffeine (which can stimulate your intestines too much). If you favor fizzy drinks, keep in mind that they increase stomach acid, which gives some people heartburn.


Question: How can exercise help with digestion?

Answer: Turns out that active people also have smoother digestion. Watch the timing. For some people, exercise right after a meal can cause indigestion. So schedule your workouts before meals or wait at least an hour after eating.


Question: Why should I consider switching up my workout, and what can that do for me?

Answer: You may have gotten so used to your routine that it's simply too easy now. To get faster or stronger, or just beat boredom, it's time to change things up. It's a fact: The best way to keep building muscle mass or burn calories is to make it a habit to switch up your workout -- especially when you notice that your current plan has become comfy. It keeps you on your toes. You're ready to turn your walks into jogs, lift heavier weights, or swim faster than you might have thought you ever would.


Question: How can a professional trainer or a friend help me boost my workout?

Answer: They can tweak your plan, whether you're working toward a marathon or you want to lose those last 10 pounds. And they can make sure you don't make too many changes, too fast. If you're not interested in hiring someone -- maybe getting professional help seems too expensive or time-consuming -- you could team up with a workout buddy. It makes you more likely to stick with the plan and show up. For the best results, pick a partner who's slightly fitter than you are. Research shows that working out with a person who's in better shape can motivate you to push yourself harder.


Question: What side effects are associated with sclerotherapy?

Answer: You may experience certain side effects after sclerotherapy. There are milder effects, such as itching, which can last for one or two days after the procedure. Also, you may experience raised, red areas at the injection site. These should disappear within a few days. Bruising may also occur around the injection side and can last several days or weeks.


Question: What are side effects of sclerotherapy?

Answer: Other side effects of sclerotherapy include: Larger veins that have been injected may become lumpy and hard and may require several months to dissolve and fade. Brown lines or spots may appear at the vein site. In most cases, they disappear within three to six months. New, tiny blood vessels may occur at the site of sclerotherapy treatment. These tiny veins can appear days or weeks after the procedure, but should fade within three to twelve months without further treatment.


Question: When is sclerotherapy not recommended?

Answer: Sclerotherapy is not recommended in the following circumstances: If you are pregnant If you have had a blood clot in the past, your eligibility will depend on the overall health of the area needing treatment as well as the reason for the clot. Veins that are potentially usable for future heart bypass surgery will generally not be considered for sclerotherapy, unless they are already deemed unusable.


Question: Do health insurance plans cover sclerotherapy?

Answer: If your varicose veins are causing medical problems such as pain, achy legs, or chronic swelling, your insurance may offer reimbursement. If you are pursuing sclerotherapy for cosmetic purposes only, your insurance carrier most likely will not provide coverage. If you have questions, please call your insurance company. Your insurance company may request a letter from your doctor concerning the nature of your treatment and medical necessity.


Question: What is sclerotherapy?

Answer: Sclerotherapy, a proven medical procedure that has been in use since the 1930s, is used to eliminate varicose veins and spider veins. During the procedure a solution (generally a salt or an irritating solution) is injected directly into the vein. The solution irritates the lining of the blood vessel, causing it to swell and stick together and the blood to clot. Over time, the vessel turns into scar tissue that fades from view.


Question: What things should you avoid for 48 after sclerotherapy?

Answer: Also, for 48 hours after treatment, you should avoid: Hot baths Hot compresses to the treated area Whirlpools or saunas Direct exposure to sunlight Long airplane flights Showers are permitted, but the water should be cooler than usual. The injection sites may be washed with a mild soap and tepid water.


Question: How do you know if sclerotherapy might be right for you?

Answer: Prior to sclerotherapy, you will have an initial consultation with a dermatologist or vascular medicine specialist who will determine if the procedure is right for you.


Question: How is sclerotherapy done?

Answer: During sclerotherapy, the sclerosing solution is injected through a very fine needle directly into the vein. At this point, you may experience mild discomfort and/or cramping for one to two minutes, especially when larger veins are injected. Sclerotherapy is performed in the doctor's office by a dermatologist or a surgeon, and the procedure itself takes approximately 15 to 45 minutes. The number of veins injected in one session depends on the size and location of the veins, as well as your general medical condition.


Question: How do you treat a  jellyfish sting?

Answer: For less severe stings: Use ice packs or over-the-counter pain relievers or antihistamines for welts. Clean open sores three times a day and apply antibiotic ointment. Bandage if needed. For a severe reaction: You may be in the hospital for several days. You need antivenin (also called antivenom) for Australian box jellyfish stings.


Question: How do you treat discomfort from a jellyfish sting?

Answer: Use mild hydrocortisone cream or an oral antihistamine to relieve itching and swelling.


Question: When should you call 911 about a jellyfish sting?

Answer: The person displays signs of a severe allergic reaction. The sting is from a box jellyfish. The sting covers more than half an arm or leg.


Question: What are some other common risk factors for acid reflux disease?

Answer: These are other common risk factors for acid reflux disease: Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal Being overweight or obese Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist Snacking close to bedtime Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea Smoking Being pregnant Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications Common symptoms of acid reflux are: Heartburn: a burning pain or discomfort that may move from your stomach to your abdomen or chest, or even up into your throat Regurgitation: a sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into your throat or mouth Other symptoms of acid reflux disease include: Bloating Bloody or black stools or bloody vomiting Burping Dysphagia -- the sensation of food being stuck in your throat Hiccups that don't let up Nausea Weight loss for no known reason Wheezing, dry cough, hoarseness, or chronic sore throat It's time to see your doctor if you have acid reflux symptoms two or more times a week or if medications don't bring lasting relief.


Question: Can acid reflux disease be treated with medications?

Answer: In many cases, lifestyle changes combined with over-the-counter medications are all you need to control the symptoms of acid reflux disease. Antacids, such as Alka- Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, or Riopan, can neutralize the acid from your stomach. But they may cause diarrhea or constipation, especially if you overuse them. It's best to use antacids that contain both magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. When combined, they may help counteract these gastrointestinal side effects.


Question: How is fundoplication used to treat acid reflux disease?

Answer: Another surgical procedure called a fundoplication can help prevent further acid reflux. It creates an artificial valve using the top of your stomach. The procedure involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the LES to strengthen it, prevent acid reflux, and repair a hiatal hernia. Surgeons perform this procedure through either an open incision in the abdomen or chest or with a lighted tube inserted through a tiny incision in the abdomen. These procedures are done only as a last resort for treating acid reflux disease after medical treatment has proven to be inadequate.


Question: What causes acid reflux disease?

Answer: This occurs when the upper part of the stomach and LES move above the diaphragm, a muscle that separates your stomach from your chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps keep acid in our stomach. But if you have a hiatal hernia, acid can move up into your esophagus and cause symptoms of acid reflux disease.


Question: What causes mastitis?

Answer: Mastitis is a common condition in women who breastfeed. As many as 1 in 10 breastfeeding women in the U. S. get it. It's caused by a backup of milk in the milk ducts. This happens when your baby isn't sucking or attaching properly, or favors one breast over the other. Mastitis can also happen if you don't feed or pump regularly. Breastfeeding women aren't the only ones who get mastitis. If you're not breastfeeding, a cracked nipple or nipple piercing can cause the breast infection. Both allow bacteria to get into the milk ducts. This is especially common in women who smoke.


Question: How can you prevent mastitis?

Answer: Tight bras and clothing put pressure on your breasts. Keep things light and loose. To keep milk from backing up, make sure your baby attaches correctly, and get all the milk out of each breast during every feeding. A lactation consultant can help if you need support.


Question: How does counseling help in your treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: If your ED is caused by psychological or emotional issues, consider seeing a counselor or therapist. She can teach you ways to reduce the anxiety related to sex. You can even invite your partner to talk about new ways to explore intimacy and different techniques to treat the physical causes of your ED.


Question: Can acupuncture help if you have erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Acupuncture may help some men with ED, but most studies provide no conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of the treatment. But acupuncture is safe, and if you want to give it a try, you should.


Question: Do flavonoids prevent erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: According to a 10-year study of more than 25,000 men, those who ate a diet high in flavonoid-rich foods were less likely to have ED. Whether that means flavonoid supplements can help with ED still needs to be studied.


Question: Is it OK to take supplements for erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Keep in mind that most nutritional supplements aren't regulated by the FDA as drugs or foods. Instead they're regulated as dietary supplements. That means they have to meet certain quality standards, but it doesn't guarantee that they're safe for everyone. That's why you should always talk with your doctor before taking any supplements. And stay safe by following these tips: Avoid supplements from outside the U. S. Check with the FDA for supplements under review Don't exceed recommended dosage Take only one supplement at a time


Question: What are early signs of Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Parkinson's disease may be something you don't notice suddenly. Early symptoms can be mild. You may feel tired or uneasy. You may notice your hands or other body parts shaking slightly, or find it hard to stand. Your speech might become softer or slurred, or your handwriting looks different or smaller. You may forget a word or a thought and feel depressed or anxious. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Usually, your friends and family may spot the changes before you do. It might be easier for them to notice your tremors, stiff movements, or lack of expression on your face. As your symptoms grow, you might have trouble with everyday activities. But most people with Parkinson's can manage the condition, often with medications.


Question: What medical devices make an MRI safer for people with heart problems?

Answer: The scan is also safe for people who've had heart surgery and people who have these medical devices: Surgical clips or sutures Artificial joints Staples Cardiac valve replacements (except the Starr- Edwards metallic ball/cage) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some things may mean you shouldn't have an MRI.


Question: What happens after an MRI scan?

Answer: Generally, you can go back to your usual activities and normal diet right after a MRI test.


Question: When would someone need an MRI to diagnose headaches?

Answer: Your doctor might recommend one if you're getting headaches daily or almost every day. You might also get one if you had a CT scan that didn't show clear-cut results.


Question: What happens during an MRI?

Answer: As it begins, you'll hear the equipment making a muffled thumping sound that will last for several minutes. Other than the sound, you shouldn't feel anything unusual during the scanning. For some MRI exams, you'll need a shot of a "contrast material" into your vein. It helps doctors see certain structures in your brain on the scan images. Feel free to ask questions. Tell the person giving you the test or the doctor if you have any concerns.


Question: What happens after an MRI?

Answer: Generally, you can go back to your usual activities and normal diet right after a MRI test.


Question: How can an MRI help diagnose headaches?

Answer: The scan can give doctors information about the structure of the brain and brain chemicals to help them find the cause of your headaches.


Question: What things might mean I shouldn't have an MRI?

Answer: The scan is also safe for people who've had heart surgery and people who have these medical devices: Surgical clips or sutures Artificial joints Staples Cardiac valve replacements (except the Starr- Edwards metallic ball/cage) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some things may mean you shouldn't have an MRI. Tell your doctor if you: Have a heart pacemaker A cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in your brain) Are pregnant Have an implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted nerve stimulators " TENS" device for back pain Metal in your eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing problems Implanted spine stabilization rods Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD) Weigh more than 300 pounds Have trouble lying on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (fear of closed or narrow spaces) Set aside about 2 hours for the test.


Question: Is an MRI safe?

Answer: The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person.


Question: How do I prepare for an MRI?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you: Have a heart pacemaker A cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in your brain) Are pregnant Have an implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted nerve stimulators " TENS" device for back pain Metal in your eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing problems Implanted spine stabilization rods Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD) Weigh more than 300 pounds Have trouble lying on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (fear of closed or narrow spaces) Set aside about 2 hours for the test. In most cases, it takes 40 to 80 minutes, during which technicians will get several dozen images of your brain. Leave personal items such as a watch, wallet, including any credit cards with magnetic strips (they will be erased by the magnet), and jewelry at home if possible, or take them off before the scan.


Question: How much alcohol is safe for someone with atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: After you've been diagnosed, it's OK to have an adult beverage as long as you don't drink too much. Keep in mind that different drinks have different levels of alcohol. A single shot of hard liquor may have the same amount of alcohol as two glasses of wine. One to two drinks a day probably won't lead to health problems, even when you already have AFib. More than three drinks a day, though, can trigger an episode. If you're taking blood thinners, alcohol can raise your risk of bleeding. It can also be a problem if you take drugs that reduce blood clotting, like acenocoumarol or warfarin.


Question: What makes getting atrial fibrillation (AFib) more likely?

Answer: You don't have to drink regularly, either. Binge drinking, or having more than five drinks in a row, also makes getting AFib more likely. People in these studies drank wine or hard liquor. It's not clear if beer has the same effect.


Question: How much does heavy drinking increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: A recent study found a strong link between drinking one to three drinks a day (what doctors consider moderate) and getting AFib. Heavy drinking, or more than three drinks a day, bumps up your risk even more. And it seems to keep going up the more you have. Studies suggest that for every extra daily drink, your risk goes up by 8%.


Question: What do I do if medication is causing dry mouth?

Answer: Generally, treatment of a dry mouth focuses on three areas: Managing underlying medical conditions causing the dry mouth Preventing tooth decay Increasing the flow of saliva, if possible If dry mouth is caused by something like medication -- it is a common side effect of drugs used to treat depression, anxiety, pain, allergies (antihistamines and decongestants), diarrhea, urinary incontinence, and Parkinson's disease -- your dentist or doctor will consider making a change. That may mean trying a different medication or adjusting the dosage.


Question: What are artificial saliva products?

Answer: Learn more about tooth decay If you have dry mouth, your dentist or doctor may recommend the use of artificial saliva products. These products are available over-the-counter in a rinse or spray. Toothpastes, mouthwashes, and moisturizing gels that are specially formulated for dry mouth are also available; ask your dentist or doctor about these products.


Question: What is anti-sperm antibodies for testing male infertility?

Answer: Some men make abnormal antibodies that attack the sperm on the way to the egg, which keeps your partner from getting pregnant.


Question: What is genetic testing for male infertility?

Answer: It can identify specific obstacles to fertility and problems with your sperm. Experts differ on when genetic tests should be done.


Question: What is sperm and semen analysis for male infertility?

Answer: Male infertility specialists have different ways of doing that, but here are some of the tests you can expect: A trained expert checks your sperm count, their shape, movement, and other characteristics. In general, if you have a higher number of normal-shaped sperm, it means you have higher fertility. But there are plenty of exceptions to this.


Question: How can you confirm if you have breast cancer?

Answer: The only way to confirm cancer is for a doctor to do a needle aspiration or surgical breast biopsy to collect and test tissue for cancer cells.


Question: Why do I need a heart biopsy?

Answer: Your doctor uses a heart biopsy to: Evaluate or confirm the presence of rejection after a heart transplant. Diagnose myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or certain other cardiac disorders such as cardiomyopathy or cardiac amyloidosis if common diagnostic tools like echocardiogram, EKG, or chest X-rays are not as helpful, or if a patient's heart condition is dramatically worsening without apparent cause.


Question: What are the risks of a heart biopsy?

Answer: The bioptome is used to obtain samples of the heart muscle.


Question: What is a heart biopsy?

Answer: A heart biopsy, also called myocardial biopsy or cardiac biopsy, is an invasive procedure to detect heart disease.


Question: What can I expect after a heart biopsy?

Answer: Before you go home, a health care provider will tell you how to care for the wound site and when you can return to your regular activities. When the results of the heart biopsy are available, your doctor will discuss them with you. If the results are negative, it means the heart tissue that was analyzed looked normal. A positive biopsy result could mean a cause of heart failure was found, such as inflammation due to an infection. If the biopsy followed a heart transplant, it may indicate the presence of rejection cells.


Question: Can medications prevent ocular migraines?

Answer: These often include: Stress Smoking High blood pressure Hormonal birth control pills Exercise Bending over High altitude Dehydration Low blood sugar Excessive heat Although dietary triggers - such as caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners -- can cause other types of migraines; they seem less likely to trigger ocular migraines. Medications can also prevent ocular migraines. Calcium-channel blockers, such as Cardene and Calan, are the most commonly used drugs. They work by opening up the blood vessels. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin are also sometimes used. Less often, your doctor may prescribe drugs used to prevent blood clotting, depression and epilepsy.


Question: Are devices options for treating ocular migraines?

Answer: A device is also an option. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device used for preventing migraines. It gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead and stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll likely feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TM may be another option. You hold this device at the back of your head at the first sign of a headache, and it gives off a magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: What are symptoms of an ear infection in children?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: What are the symptoms of an ear infection in children?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: What are symptoms of an ear infection in adults?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: When should you call a doctor about an ear infection?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: When should you call your doctor about an ear infection?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: What are the symptoms of an ear infection?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of an ear infection in adults are: Earache (either a sharp, sudden pain or a dull, continuous pain) A sharp stabbing pain with immediate warm drainage from the ear canal A feeling of fullness in the ear Nausea Muffled hearing Ear drainage In children, the symptoms are: Tugging at the ear Poor sleep Fever Irritability, restlessness Ear drainage Diminished appetite Crying at night when lying down Body temperature rises above 100.4 degrees; a fever signals the possibility of a more serious infection (especially in infants and young children) You or your child frequently develops ear infections; repeated bouts with the disorder can lead to hearing loss or more serious infections You or your child has hearing problems; the infection may be the cause You suspect that your young child has an ear infection Contact your doctor immediately if: Your child develops a stiff neck Your child is very lethargic, responds poorly, or is inconsolable


Question: What are the disadvantages of allergy blood tests?

Answer: Disadvantages of allergy blood tests include: More expensive than skin testing; many health insurers do not cover allergy blood tests. May be less sensitive than skin tests Takes days or weeks to get results because the blood sample must be sent to a laboratory for evaluation; skin testing provides immediate results.


Question: How do I treat a rebound headache?

Answer: Usually, headaches will get easier to control when you stop taking the medicine or gradually take lower doses. Your doctor will probably ask you to record your headache symptoms, how often you have them, and how long they last.


Question: Does overuse of pain relievers lead to addiction?

Answer: When the pain reliever wears off, your body may have a withdrawal reaction, prompting you to take more medicine, which only leads to another headache.


Question: Can rebound headaches be prevented?

Answer: You can prevent rebound headaches when you use pain relievers on a limited basis, only when you need them. Do not use them more than once or twice a week unless your doctor tells you to. Also, avoid caffeine while you're taking pain relievers, especially medication that already has caffeine.


Question: What drugs can cause rebound headaches?

Answer: Many common pain relievers, when you take them in large enough amounts, can cause rebound headaches. These include: Aspirin Sinus relief medications Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen Sedatives for sleep Codeine and prescription narcotics Over-the-counter combination headache remedies that have caffeine (such as Anacin, Bayer Select, Excedrin) Ergotamine medications (such as Bellergal- S, Bel- Phen- Ergot S, Cafatine PB, Cafergot, Ercaf, Ergomar, Migergot, Phenerbel- S, Wigraine) Butalbital combination pain relievers (fioricet, fiorinal, Goody's Headache Powder, Supac) While small amounts of these drugs per week may be safe and effective, at some point, you could use enough to get mild headaches that just will not go away. It's not a good idea to take larger doses of these medicines or to take the regular amount more often. That can make the headache worse and continue indefinitely.


Question: Which drugs cause rebound headaches?

Answer: Many common pain relievers, when you take them in large enough amounts, can cause rebound headaches. These include: Aspirin Sinus relief medications Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen Sedatives for sleep Codeine and prescription narcotics Over-the-counter combination headache remedies that have caffeine (such as Anacin, Bayer Select, Excedrin) Ergotamine medications (such as Bellergal- S, Bel- Phen- Ergot S, Cafatine PB, Cafergot, Ercaf, Ergomar, Migergot, Phenerbel- S, Wigraine) Butalbital combination pain relievers (fioricet, fiorinal, Goody's Headache Powder, Supac) While small amounts of these drugs per week may be safe and effective, at some point, you could use enough to get mild headaches that just will not go away.


Question: How much pain relievers are effective and how much can cause rebound headaches?

Answer: These include: Aspirin Sinus relief medications Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen Sedatives for sleep Codeine and prescription narcotics Over-the-counter combination headache remedies that have caffeine (such as Anacin, Bayer Select, Excedrin) Ergotamine medications (such as Bellergal- S, Bel- Phen- Ergot S, Cafatine PB, Cafergot, Ercaf, Ergomar, Migergot, Phenerbel- S, Wigraine) Butalbital combination pain relievers (fioricet, fiorinal, Goody's Headache Powder, Supac) While small amounts of these drugs per week may be safe and effective, at some point, you could use enough to get mild headaches that just will not go away. It's not a good idea to take larger doses of these medicines or to take the regular amount more often. That can make the headache worse and continue indefinitely.


Question: Who gets rebound headaches?

Answer: Any person with a history of tension headaches, migraines, or transformed migraines can get rebound headaches if they take too much of their pain medications.


Question: How are cholesterol and strokes related?

Answer: Atherosclerosis causes arteries that lead to the brain to become narrowed and even blocked. If a vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked completely, you could have a stroke High cholesterol also has been linked to peripheral vascular disease.


Question: How is cholesterol related to high blood pressure?

Answer: High blood pressure (also called hypertension) and high cholesterol also are linked. When the arteries become hardened and narrowed with cholesterol plaque and calcium, the heart has to strain much harder to pump blood through them. As a result, blood pressure becomes abnormally high. High blood pressure is also linked to heart disease.


Question: What is adoptive cell therapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Adoptive cell therapy: Your doctor removes your T cells and treats them with cancer-fighting chemicals. They're multiplied in a lab and put back into your body where they destroy cancer cells. Trials are under way.


Question: Who can get immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Doctors thought for a long time that immunotherapy wouldn't work for non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer ( SCLC), the two most common types. But the past few years have seen several breakthroughs. By the time most people with lung cancer are diagnosed, the disease is in an advanced stage. Options for treatment were once limited to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Your doctor may suggest immunotherapy if other options haven't worked or if your tumor has traces of certain proteins.


Question: What are some serious potential side effects of immunotherapy?

Answer: You might notice: Fever/chills Fatigue Rashes Diarrhea Aches in your joints or muscles Vomiting/nausea Sometimes, these drugs work too well and your immune system goes into overdrive. That could lead to more serious side effects like inflammation of your lungs, liver, kidneys, or thyroid and pituitary glands, or autoimmune disorders that may damage an organ or gland. Alert your doctor early on to any side problems. The sooner they're treated, the less likely they are to get worse.


Question: What is immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: This new type of treatment, called immunotherapy, helps your immune system fight cancer in much the same way it fights off colds and viruses.


Question: What monoclonal antibody drugs has the FDA approved to treat lung cancer?

Answer: The FDA has approved several checkpoint inhibitors within the last several years to treat lung cancer: Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) Duryalumab ( Imfinzi) Nivolumab ( Opdivo) Pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies for lung cancer include bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza). These drugs cut off nutrients that help create blood vessels that feed cancer growth. Other are being tested in clinical trials. So are vaccine treatments and adoptive cell therapy.


Question: What is stress incontinence?

Answer: The kind of incontinence experienced during pregnancy is usually stress incontinence ( SI). Stress incontinence is the loss of urine caused by increased pressure on the bladder. In stress incontinence, the bladder sphincter does not function well enough to hold in urine.


Question: Do women have incontinence during pregnancy?

Answer: During pregnancy, many women experience at least some degree of urinary incontinence, which is the involuntary loss of urine. The incontinence may be mild and infrequent for some pregnant women. But it can be more severe for others. Age and body mass index are risk factors for pregnancy incontinence, according to one study. Incontinence can continue after pregnancy and may not be present right after childbirth. Some women do not have bladder problems until they reach their 40s.


Question: What are Kegel exercises?

Answer: Kegel exercises are another method that can be used to help control urinary incontinence. These exercises help tighten and strengthen the muscles in the pelvic floor. Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles can improve the function of the urethra and rectal sphincter. One way to find the Kegel muscles is to sit on the toilet and begin urinating. Then stop urinating mid-stream. The muscles that you use to stop the flow of urine are the Kegel muscles. Another way to help locate the Kegel muscles is to insert a finger into the vagina and try to make the muscles around your finger tighter.


Question: What can cause high iron levels?

Answer: A high iron level can be caused by: Taking too many iron supplements Hemochromatosis -- a condition that makes it harder for your body to remove excess iron Blood transfusions Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your test results. Find out what steps to take to treat your condition.


Question: How is surgery used to treat pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer is very hard to control. But if it is caught early and the cancer hasn't spread beyond the pancreas, it can be treated with surgery. This offers the best outcome for pancreatic cancer. The surgery is called a " Whipple procedure," or pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is named after Dr. George Hoyt Whipple, the surgeon who pioneered it. If possible, the surgeon removes the malignant tumor, leaving as much of the normal pancreas as possible to allow continued pancreatic function. Less often, the entire pancreas must be removed. If a patient undergoes a total pancreatectomy, a lifelong regimen of replacement enzymes and hormones, including insulin, must be administered.


Question: What are other treatments for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: These treatments may also be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it possible for surgery to be performed or used as a means of relieving symptoms, such as pain. Prescription medications, usually narcotics, are given to help manage pain associated with advanced pancreatic cancer.


Question: Can pancreatic cancer be treated if it hasn't spread beyond the pancreas?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer is very hard to control. But if it is caught early and the cancer hasn't spread beyond the pancreas, it can be treated with surgery. This offers the best outcome for pancreatic cancer. The surgery is called a " Whipple procedure," or pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is named after Dr. George Hoyt Whipple, the surgeon who pioneered it. If possible, the surgeon removes the malignant tumor, leaving as much of the normal pancreas as possible to allow continued pancreatic function. Less often, the entire pancreas must be removed. If a patient undergoes a total pancreatectomy, a lifelong regimen of replacement enzymes and hormones, including insulin, must be administered.


Question: How can I prevent pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer is not easily prevented, but you can take measures to reduce your risk. If you work around certain chemicals, dyes, or pesticides that are known to increase the risk for pancreatic cancer, take precautions to avoid unnecessary exposure to both materials and fumes. Cigarette smoking doubles the risk of pancreatic cancer when compared to non-smokers.


Question: What is endoscopic ultrasonography for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS) uses an ultrasound device connected to the end of a small flexible tube that is inserted into the mouth and is about 85% to 90% accurate in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.


Question: Is there any point to treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at later stages, treatment can improve quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.


Question: Can a biopsy be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Answer: A tissue sample for biopsy can also be extracted through the scope. If a biopsy confirms cancer, further tests are done to determine how far the disease has advanced.


Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Answer: These treatments may also be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it possible for surgery to be performed or used as a means of relieving symptoms, such as pain.


Question: How can the timing of diagnosing pancreatic cancer affect the outcome?

Answer: Unfortunately, pancreatic cancers have subtle, and vague symptoms. Thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at later stages, treatment can improve quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.


Question: What does black currant contain?

Answer: Health supplements are made from the black currant plant using its: Seed oil Leaves Fruit Flowers Black currant contains: Anthocyanidin, a type of pigment Gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid Alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and other omega-6 fats Some researchers believe these may help the immune system and lessen inflammation.


Question: Does black currant have side effects?

Answer: The GLA in black currant seeds can sometimes cause side effects, such as: Headache Diarrhea Gas and belching But most people tend to have few problems with GLA. Allergy is a rare complication.


Question: Why do some women take black currant seed oil?

Answer: Improve poor circulation from conditions such as peripheral artery disease ( PAD) Treat open angle glaucoma Some women take black currant seed oil, or other sources of gamma-linolenic acid, to try to treat symptoms of: Menopause Premenstrual syndrome Painful periods Breast tenderness People also take black currant to try to boost immunity or to try to treat a wide range of problems that include: Peripheral artery disease High blood pressure Problems with veins Arthritis People also apply it directly to the skin to try to help with wounds or insect bites.


Question: Why should you tell your doctor about any black currant supplements you're taking?

Answer: Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications or foods. He or she can let you know if the supplement might raise your risks.


Question: How does electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) work in treating depression?

Answer: With ECT, an electrical stimulation is delivered to the brain and causes a seizure. For reasons that doctors don't completely understand, this seizure helps relieve the symptoms of depression. ECT does not cause any structural damage to the brain.


Question: What are the chances of getting a relapse after an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Answer: ECT can often work quickly, but 50% or more of the people who receive this treatment will relapse within several months if there is no subsequent treatment (for example, medicines) to prevent relapse. Your doctor will typically advise a medication regimen including antidepressants, or possibly additional periodic ("maintenance") ECT sessions to help prevent relapse.


Question: What is the most common side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Answer: The most common side effect of ECT is short-term memory loss. However, some people report that they have long-term memory loss, as well. ECT also causes a brief rise in heart rate and blood pressure during the procedure, so it may not be recommended in people with unstable heart problems. A physical examination and basic laboratory tests including an electrocardiogram ( ECG) are necessary before starting ECT to assure that no medical problems are present that could interfere with the safe administration of ECT.


Question: What shots other than the flu shot should I get to avoid getting ill if I am diabetic?

Answer: Yet people with diabetes are about three times more likely to die from flu and pneumonia.


Question: What can I eat if I am diabetic and have the flu?

Answer: Stick with foods from your regular meal plan. Eat about 15 grams of carbs every hour or so, like a slice of toast, 3/4 cup of frozen yogurt, or 1 cup of soup.


Question: What are symptoms of the flu?

Answer: They usually come on quickly and may include: Fever (usually high) Severe aches and pains in the joints and muscles and around the eyes Weakness Warm, flushed skin and red, watery eyes Headache Dry cough Sore throat and runny nose For in-depth information, see Flu Symptoms: What You Might Feel.


Question: How often should I check my blood sugar if I am diabetic and have the flu?

Answer: You'll need to check often while you're sick. Because you're ill and feel awful anyway, you may not notice changes in your blood sugar levels. Take a reading at least every 3 to 4 hours. Call your doctor about any major changes right away.


Question: What should you know if you have diabetes and the flu?

Answer: When you have diabetes, do your best to avoid getting the flu, or influenza. Everyone has a chance of catching this viral infection, but people with diabetes have a harder time fighting it off. The flu can put added stress in your body, which can affect your blood sugar levels and raise the chance of serious health complications.


Question: In addition to the flu shot, how can I avoid getting sick if I have diabetes?

Answer: When you have diabetes, do your best to avoid getting the flu, or influenza.


Question: What is the best way to stay hydrated while I have the flu if I am diabetic?

Answer: Some people get nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with the flu. To make sure you get enough fluids, sip liquids throughout the day. Aim for 1 cup every hour. Choose sugar-free drinks -- tea, water, sugar-free ginger ale -- if your blood sugar is running high. If your blood sugar is low, try something that has about 15 grams of carbs: 1/4 cup of grape juice or 1 cup of a sports drink, for example.


Question: Should I still check my ketones if I am diabetic and have the flu?

Answer: Check your ketones, if you have type 1 diabetes. If they get too high, you might have diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA), which can cause a coma or even death. High ketones are another reason to call your doctor.


Question: Why should people with diabetes be extra careful about preventing the flu?

Answer: When you have diabetes, do your best to avoid getting the flu, or influenza. Everyone has a chance of catching this viral infection, but people with diabetes have a harder time fighting it off. The flu can put added stress in your body, which can affect your blood sugar levels and raise the chance of serious health complications.


Question: How often should you check your blood sugar if you have diabetes and the flu?

Answer: Because you're ill and feel awful anyway, you may not notice changes in your blood sugar levels. Take a reading at least every 3 to 4 hours. Call your doctor about any major changes right away. You may need to adjust your insulin. Check your ketones, if you have type 1 diabetes. If they get too high, you might have diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA), which can cause a coma or even death. High ketones are another reason to call your doctor.


Question: What else can you do to stay well if you have diabetes and the flu?

Answer: According to the ADA, only 1 out of every 3 people with diabetes ever gets this shot. Yet people with diabetes are about three times more likely to die from flu and pneumonia.


Question: What can you eat if you have diabetes and the flu?

Answer: You may feel really crummy and not hungry or thirsty at all. Still, you have to eat to keep your blood sugar levels steady. Stick with foods from your regular meal plan. Eat about 15 grams of carbs every hour or so, like a slice of toast, 3/4 cup of frozen yogurt, or 1 cup of soup.


Question: What is mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer: Mitral valve regurgitation, when some of your blood flows the wrong way through a valve in your heart, doesn't have to slow you down. This is especially true if you have a mild case of it. There are lots of ways to help you or a loved one manage the condition and stay as healthy as possible. They include exercise, eating well, support groups, and regular doctor's visits, among other things. Some people may need surgery, while lifestyle changes or medications are best for others.


Question: How do these drugs affect children with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Scientists haven't done as much research on how these drugs affect children as they have for adults. But the results of small studies have shown that they work well and are safe for kids. Doctors can also treat specific symptoms related to MS, such as muscle spasms, fatigue, and depression.


Question: What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms?

Answer: Symptoms such as fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle stiffness, and depression may not go away entirely after an attack. But there are many treatments to help relieve them, including physical and occupational therapy, counseling, and medications. Also, not every symptom your child might have is a result of the disease. Children with MS get the same illnesses other kids get. Fevers or infections may make MS symptoms worse for a little while, but they usually get better once the fever goes down or an infection is under control.


Question: What are some medications for children with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Medications for children with MS include: Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone) Your child will get these meds by injection -- either into the muscle or beneath the skin. The doctor or nurse can work with you on how to make them easier for your child. Teenagers may be able to give themselves the shots.


Question: Do children with multiple sclerosis have seizures?

Answer: The symptoms are similar to those in adults and may include: Problems with bladder or bowel control Weakness Problems with walking Vision changes Muscle spasms Sensory changes, tingling, or numbness Tremors Children also might have seizures and a total lack of energy that adults with the condition usually don't have.


Question: How are medications given to children to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Medications for children with MS include: Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone) Your child will get these meds by injection -- either into the muscle or beneath the skin. The doctor or nurse can work with you on how to make them easier for your child. Teenagers may be able to give themselves the shots. Scientists haven't done as much research on how these drugs affect children as they have for adults.


Question: What are the symptoms for multiple sclerosis treatment?

Answer: Symptoms such as fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle stiffness, and depression may not go away entirely after an attack. But there are many treatments to help relieve them, including physical and occupational therapy, counseling, and medications. Also, not every symptom your child might have is a result of the disease. Children with MS get the same illnesses other kids get. Fevers or infections may make MS symptoms worse for a little while, but they usually get better once the fever goes down or an infection is under control.


Question: What are multiple sclerosis symptoms of children?

Answer: The symptoms are similar to those in adults and may include: Problems with bladder or bowel control Weakness Problems with walking Vision changes Muscle spasms Sensory changes, tingling, or numbness Tremors Children also might have seizures and a total lack of energy that adults with the condition usually don't have.


Question: Can doctors treat specific symptoms of multiple sclerosis in children?

Answer: Symptoms such as fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle stiffness, and depression may not go away entirely after an attack.


Question: How is multiple sclerosis (MS) different in children?

Answer: The first signs of the disease are different for children. It might start after a child has a nerve disorder called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM). Most of the time, the symptoms of ADEM -- including headache, confusion, coma, seizures, stiff neck, fever, and major lack of energy -- go away after a few weeks. But some children will keep having problems that are the same as MS.


Question: Is multiple sclerosis different for children then for adults?

Answer: The first signs of the disease are different for children. It might start after a child has a nerve disorder called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM). Most of the time, the symptoms of ADEM -- including headache, confusion, coma, seizures, stiff neck, fever, and major lack of energy -- go away after a few weeks. But some children will keep having problems that are the same as MS.


Question: What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks in children?

Answer: Corticosteroid medications reduce inflammation in the brain and spinal cord during attacks. The main one is methylprednisolone ( Solu-medrol), which you get through an IV once a day for 3-5 days. Sometimes doctors prescribe a corticosteroid pill called prednisone for a short time after the IV medication.


Question: Is multiple sclerosis worse in children than adults?

Answer: But people who had the condition in childhood or adolescence can have physical disability at an earlier age. The disease also may cause greater challenges with thinking and emotions for children and teens, and may affect their schoolwork, self-image, and relationships with peers.


Question: Can atopic eczema be prevented?

Answer: Currently, there is no effective strategy for preventing atopic eczema, but the symptoms of the condition can improve. To improve the signs of eczema: Reduce stress Avoid scratchy materials (for example, wool) and chemicals such as harsh soaps, detergents, and solvents Moisturize frequently Avoid sudden changes in temperature or humidity Avoid situations that cause sweating and overheating Granuloma annulare is a chronic skin condition that consists of a circular-shaped rash with reddish bumps (papules).


Question: How is atopic eczema diagnosed?

Answer: Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema include: Itchiness Skin redness Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that might become thick and leathery from long-term scratching Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that might ooze when scratched Infection of the areas where the skin has been broken Atopic eczema usually is diagnosed with an analysis of a person's history of symptoms and with an exam of the skin. A doctor might test an area of scaly or crusted skin to rule out other skin diseases or infections.


Question: Can antibiotics be used to treat eczema?

Answer: These products may help control the itching, swelling, and redness associated with eczema.


Question: What causes granuloma annulare?

Answer: Treatment of granuloma annulare often is not necessary, except for cosmetic reasons.


Question: How is lichen planus treated?

Answer: Although lichen planus cannot be cured, its symptoms can be treated with anti-itch products such as antihistamines (for example, Benadryl, or diphenhydramine). If lichen planus affects only a small part of the body, medicated cream can be applied to the affected area. Drugs such as steroid injections, prednisone, other drugs to suppress the immune system, or retinoids may be prescribed in more severe cases. Another treatment for lichen planus is light therapy. Talk to your doctor about which treatment is right for you.


Question: How is lichen planus diagnosed?

Answer: A doctor can diagnose lichen planus by its distinctive appearance or with the use of a skin biopsy. In a skin biopsy, a small bit of skin is taken from the affected area and is sent to a lab for testing.


Question: What are symptoms of atopic eczema?

Answer: The appearance of eczema can vary from person to person. In adults, eczema occurs most frequently on the hands and elbows, and in "bending" areas such as the inside of the elbows and back of the knees. In young children, eczema is often seen on the inside of elbows, behind the knees, face, back of the neck, and scalp. Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema include: Itchiness Skin redness Dry, scaly, or crusted skin that might become thick and leathery from long-term scratching Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that might ooze when scratched Infection of the areas where the skin has been broken Atopic eczema usually is diagnosed with an analysis of a person's history of symptoms and with an exam of the skin.


Question: How is pityriasis rosea diagnosed?

Answer: A doctor can usually diagnose pityriasis rosea by looking at it. He or she may order blood tests, scrape the skin, or do a skin biopsy to rule out other skin conditions.


Question: How is granuloma annulare diagnosed?

Answer: The condition is diagnosed by a doctor who may use a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.


Question: Why do people look for a second opinion after being diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis?

Answer: So many of its symptoms can be caused by multiple conditions. Because of this, many patients like to look for a second opinion after getting an ALS diagnosis. A second neurologist may do a different round of tests that shows something new.


Question: How is an event monitor used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Event monitor -- If your symptoms don't happen often, your doctor may suggest you wear one of these, usually for about a month. This is a device that, when you push a button, will record and store your heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. Each time you notice symptoms, you should try to get a reading on the monitor. Your doctor will interpret the results.


Question: How is an echocardiogram used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Echocardiogram -- This test uses ultrasound to evaluate heart muscle and heart valves.


Question: What is long QT syndrome?

Answer: This may cause potentially dangerous arrhythmias and sudden death. Doctors can treat it with medications or devices called defibrillators.


Question: What is catheter ablation?

Answer: You can think of this procedure as rewiring to fix an electrical problem within the heart. The doctor will insert a catheter through the leg. The catheter delivers high-frequency electrical energy to a small area inside the heart that causes the abnormal heart rhythm. This energy "disconnects" the pathway of the abnormal rhythm. Doctors use ablation to treat most PSVTs, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and some atrial and ventricular tachycardias. Some people also need other procedures.


Question: What is electrical cardioversion?

Answer: If drugs can't control a persistent irregular heart rhythm (such as atrial fibrillation), you might need cardioversion. For this, doctors, give you a short-acting anesthesia, then deliver an electrical shock to your chest wall to allow the normal rhythm to restart.


Question: What are bradyarrhythmias?

Answer: These are slow heart rhythms, which may be due to disease in the heart's electrical system. When this occurs, you may feel like you are going to pass out, or actually pass out. This could also be from medication. The treatment for this could be a pacemaker.


Question: How is a head-up tilt table test used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Head-up tilt table test -- Doctors use this test to find out what's causing fainting spells. It measures the difference in heart rate and blood pressure when you're standing up or lying down. You'll get this test in a lab. You'll lie on a stretcher, tilted at different angles while you're getting an EKG and specialists are checking your blood pressure and oxygen level. This shows if symptoms of passing out are due to the electrical system, the nervous system, or the vascular system.


Question: What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer: This happens when the heart's lower chambers quiver and can't contract or pump blood to the body. This is a medical emergency that must be treated with CPR and defibrillation as soon as possible.


Question: What is atrial fibrillation relative to arrhythmias?

Answer: This common irregular heart rhythm causes the upper chambers of the heart to contract abnormally.


Question: What causes arrhythmias?

Answer: You could have an arrhythmia even if your heart is healthy. Or it could happen because you have: Heart disease The wrong balance of electrolytes (such as sodium or potassium) in your blood Changes in your heart muscle Injury from a heart attack Healing process after heart surgery The many types of arrhythmias include: Premature atrial contractions.


Question: What is paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)?

Answer: A rapid heart rate, usually with a regular rhythm, starting from above the heart's lower chambers, or ventricles. PSVT begins and ends suddenly.


Question: What is a premature atrial contraction?

Answer: These are early extra beats that start in the heart's upper chambers, called the atria. They are harmless and generally don't need treatment.


Question: What happens during heart surgery to treat arrhythmias?

Answer: The Maze procedure is a type of surgery used to correct atrial fibrillation. During this procedure, the surgeon makes a series, or "maze," of cuts in the heart's upper chambers. The goal is to keep the heart's electrical impulses only on certain pathways. Some people may need a pacemaker afterward.


Question: How is a cardiac catheterization used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Cardiac catheterization -- Your doctor will insert a long, thin tube, called a catheter, into a blood vessel in your arm or leg. She will guide it to your heart with help from a special X-ray machine. Then she'll inject dye through the catheter to help make X-ray videos of your heart's valves, coronary arteries, and chambers.


Question: What are accessory pathway tachycardias?

Answer: You can get a rapid heart rate because there is an extra pathway between the heart's upper and lower chambers. It's just like if there was an extra road on your way home as well as your usual route, so cars can move around faster. When that happens in your heart, it can cause a fast heart rhythm, which doctors call tachycardia. The impulses that control your heart rhythm travel around the heart very quickly, making it beat unusually fast.


Question: How is an Holter monitor used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Holter monitor -- This is a portable EKG that you'll use for 1 to 2 days. You'll have electrodes taped to your skin. It's painless and you can do everything but shower while wearing the electrodes.


Question: How is an electrocardiogram used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: If you do have symptoms, they may include: Palpitations (a feeling of skipped heart beats, fluttering or "flip-flops") Pounding in your chest Dizziness or feeling light-headed Fainting Shortness of breath Chest pain or tightness Weakness or fatigue (feeling very tired) To diagnose an arrhythmia or find its cause, doctors use tests including: Electrocardiogram -- Also called an EKG or ECG, this test records the electrical activity of your heart. You wear small electrode patches on your chest, arms, and legs for the quick, painless test, which you take in your doctor's office.


Question: What is an AV nodal reentrant tachycardia?

Answer: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. This is another type of fast heartbeat. It's caused by there being an extra pathway through a part of the heart called the AV node. It can cause heart palpitations, fainting, or heart failure. In some cases, you can stop it simply by breathing in and bearing down. Some drugs can also stop this heart rhythm.


Question: What is a ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)?

Answer: A rapid heart rhythm starting from the heart's lower chambers. Because the heart is beating too fast, it can't fill up with enough blood. This can be a serious arrhythmia -- especially in people with heart disease -- and it may be linked to other symptoms.


Question: How is a stress test used to diagnose arrhythmias?

Answer: Stress test -- There are different kinds of stress tests. The goal is to check how much stress your heart can manage before having a heart rhythm problem or not getting enough blood flow to the heart. For the most common type of stress test, you'll walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty while you're getting an EKG and getting your heart rate and blood pressure monitored.


Question: How common is prostate cancer in the U.S.?

Answer: In 2018, the American Cancer Society estimated that nearly 165,000 U. S. men would be diagnosed with prostate cancer and about 29,000 would die from it.


Question: What does it mean when spots and objects bounce around in my vision?

Answer: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless. What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.


Question: When do people need eye exams?

Answer: Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.


Question: What can you do if you have diabetes and your eyesight changes from day to day?

Answer: What to do: See your doctor for a checkup, even if you don't think you have diabetes. You can have it and not know it.


Question: What can you do if there's a film over everything you see?

Answer: What to do about it: Until the cataract causes severe vision problems, you can increase lighting and change your eyeglass prescription to help you see more clearly. Once the haze gets bad, talk to your doctor about surgery to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial one.


Question: What can you do if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?

Answer: What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.


Question: When do you need eye exams?

Answer: If you're 40 and have vision issues, you should see an ophthalmologist or optometrist every 2 to 4 years. Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.


Question: What does it mean if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?

Answer: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless.


Question: What can you do if your vision is fine, but you're over 60 and have a family history of glaucoma?

Answer: What to do about it: See your doctor for an eye exam that includes a glaucoma test. If you have glaucoma, eye drop medication and surgery can stop the worst side effects.


Question: What does it mean when I have a crazy headache that started with wavy vision and flashes of light?

Answer: What it could be: A migraine. They don't just make your head hurt. They also can create a light show of auras and flashes in your vision. You might even briefly lose sight from certain types of migraines. What to do about it: If this is a new problem for you, call your doctor. If you've already been diagnosed with migraines, learn what triggers them. That way, you can stay away from those things and avoid the headaches. Medicine can prevent a migraine or stop one in its tracks. If you lose sight with your migraines, call your eye doctor right away -- it could be a sign of a more serious vision problem.


Question: What does it mean when I have to hold books and newspapers father away to read them?

Answer: They're usually subtle at first, often start in middle age, and can include these problems: What it could be: Presbyopia, or the inability to focus up close. It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly. What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. You might need glasses or contacts.


Question: What does it mean when you have to hold books and newspapers farther away to read them?

Answer: It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly.


Question: What is scotoma?

Answer: This is another type of vision change that may occur as part of a migraine aura. A scotoma means a loss of vision.


Question: How long do the symptoms of familial hemiplegic migraines last?

Answer: The episodes of muscle weakness and movement abnormalities can last for hours or days. In some cases, people can become comatose during the migraine.


Question: What is photopsia/fortification spectra?

Answer: The vision changes that can occur during an aura may involve a complex array of lights and images that appear before your eyes. Photopsia is the medical term for flashes of light. Fortification spectra are more complicated images that can float in your vision during a migraine. These get their name from their resemblance to an aerial view of an intricately built fort.


Question: What is photosensitivity?

Answer: During a migraine, being around sunlight or artificial light may make you feel even more uncomfortable. This is called photosensitivity. Another term that is sometimes used to describe this problem is photophobia.


Question: What are photopsia and fortification spectra?

Answer: The vision changes that can occur during an aura may involve a complex array of lights and images that appear before your eyes. Photopsia is the medical term for flashes of light. Fortification spectra are more complicated images that can float in your vision during a migraine. These get their name from their resemblance to an aerial view of an intricately built fort.


Question: What is a familial hemiplegic migraine?

Answer: This is a rare type of migraine with an aura that includes muscle weakness. During the attack, people with this form of migraine have trouble moving their body. The severity can range from muscle weakness to a total inability to move. The muscle weakness is fully reversible. This type of migraine is often mistaken for epilepsy. People may feel confused during these attacks.


Question: What is vertigo?

Answer: This is the sense that you're spinning (or the world around you is spinning) when you're really not. People often use this word to mean dizziness, but these words really describe different things. Dizziness may involve a sense of light-headedness or trouble keeping your balance.


Question: Are familial hemiplegic migraines hereditary?

Answer: Familial hemiplegic migraine can run in families. In patients with familial hemiplegic migraine, at least one first- or second-degree relative may have this type of migraine. Experts have linked the disorder to a number of genetic mutations.


Question: Are there side effects of brodalumab (Siliq) used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Some people who take it may have a greater risk of thoughts and actions of suicide. So the FDA recommends that doctors weigh the risks and benefits of the medicine before suggesting it for people who have had depression or suicidal thoughts in the past.


Question: What are the side effects of adalimumab (Humira) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects include serious infections (like tuberculosis), higher chances of certain types of cancer (like lymphoma), and autoimmune disorders, such as a lupus-like syndrome.


Question: Can ustekinumab (Stelara) raise your chances of certain conditions?

Answer: But it also can make you more likely to have certain kinds of cancer or a rare condition called reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, a serious illness that affects your brain.


Question: How do I take brodalumab (Siliq) to treat psoriasis?

Answer: You get some biologics as shots under the skin. With most of those, your doctor or nurse will show you how to do it, then you'll give them to yourself at home.


Question: What are the side effects of etancercept (Enbrel) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects include skin irritation and rashes. You shouldn't take it if you have multiple sclerosis, a weak immune system, hepatitis B, or heart failure.


Question: What are common side effects of secukinumab (Cosentyx) in treating psoriasis?

Answer: The most common side effects are: Symptoms of a cold Upper respiratory infection Diarrhea Your doctor will check to make sure you don't have TB before you start treatment and will watch you closely for signs of the disease while you're on it.


Question: What causes Lyme Disease?

Answer: But most cases have been reported in these states: â¢ Connecticut â¢ Delaware â¢ Maine â¢ Maryland â¢ Massachusetts â¢ Minnesota â¢ New Hampshire â¢ New Jersey â¢ New York â¢ Pennsylvania â¢ Rhode Island â¢ Vermont â¢ Virginia â¢ Wisconsin Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through the bite of the tiny black-legged, or deer, tick found in the Eastern and Central U. S., and the western black-legged tick in the Pacific West. The riskiest months for Lyme disease are May through September, when young ticks are likely to be biting.


Question: Is there a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: Doctors in the U. S. don't generally recommend it because TB isn't a widespread problem here. Still, health care workers who spend a lot of time around TB patients might benefit from the vaccine. Doctors make that decision based on the health care worker and their unique circumstances.


Question: How is tuberculosis (TB) treated?

Answer: This might involve taking a number of medications for 6 to 12 months. It's important to take all of your meds, as they're prescribed, the entire time -- even if you feel better. If not, you can get sick again. If you have TB germs in your body but they haven't become active, you have what doctors call âlatent TB.â You can't spread the disease to others. But your doctor may still recommend that you take medications to keep the germs from becoming active.


Question: How does an IQ (intelligence quotient) test determine if aa person has an intellectual disability (ID)?

Answer: IQ (intelligence quotient) is measured by an IQ test. The average IQ is 100, with the majority of people scoring between 85 and 115. A person is considered intellectually disabled if he or she has an IQ of less than 70 to 75.


Question: How can I prevent intellectual disability (ID) in my children?

Answer: The most common of these is fetal alcohol syndrome. Pregnant women shouldn't drink alcohol. Getting proper prenatal care, taking a prenatal vitamin, and getting vaccinated against certain infectious diseases can also lower the risk that your child will be born with intellectual disabilities. In families with a history of genetic disorders, genetic testing may be recommended before conception.


Question: What are the signs of a severe or profound intellectual disability (ID) in children?

Answer: Some of the most common signs of intellectual disability are: Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late Talking late or having trouble with talking Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself Difficulty remembering things Inability to connect actions with consequences Behavior problems such as explosive tantrums Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking In children with severe or profound intellectual disability, there may be other health problems as well. These problems may include seizures, mood disorders (anxiety, autism, etc. ), motor skills impairment, vision problems, or hearing problems.


Question: How common is intellectual disability (ID) in the U.S?

Answer: Intellectual disability is thought to affect about 1% of the population. Of those affected, 85% have mild intellectual disability. This means they are just a little slower than average to learn new information or skills. With the right support, most will be able to live independently as adults.


Question: What are some tips to prevent winter allergies?

Answer: But if you know you're allergic, you can take steps to avoid a reaction. Use these tips: Throw out shower curtains, wallpaper, and carpeting that have mold. Wash showers and sinks with a solution containing 5% bleach and a little detergent. To help control dust mites and mold, use a dehumidifier to keep the humidity in your home below 50%. Use a HEPA air filter to clean dust from the air. Wash bedding in hot water (130 F) each week. Use allergy-proof covers on mattresses, pillows, and comforters. If someone in your household is allergic to pet dander and you really want a pet, the best choices are animals without fur, such as fish. If you already have a cat or dog, don't let it sleep in your bedroom, and give it a bath at least once a week.


Question: What are common indoor winter allergy triggers?

Answer: Some common indoor allergy triggers are: Dust mites . These microscopic bugs flourish in mattresses and bedding. When their droppings and remains become airborne, they can cause allergy symptoms. Mold. This fungus thrives in damp, humid areas such as basements and bathrooms. When mold spores get into the air, they can trigger allergy symptoms. Animals. Most people are not allergic to animal fur, but rather to a protein found in the pet dander, saliva, and urine.


Question: How often does atrial fibrillation (AFib) occur?

Answer: Some people have no symptoms. If you have them, you might feel: Fast, irregular heartbeat Fluttering, thumping, or flip-flopping in your chest Shortness of breath Dizziness Lack of energy when you exercise Weakness Fatigue Lightheadedness Confusion Chest pain Some people have AFib every once in a while. Symptoms might last for a few minutes or a few hours. Then things return to normal. Other people have AFib often and need treatment to get their heartbeat to return to a normal sinus rhythm. Go to the ER if you have symptoms. AFib won't cause a heart attack in a healthy heart, but it does raise your odds of having a stroke. And timely treatment, usually with a medication called a blood thinner (your doctor may call it an anticoagulant), can prevent strokes.


Question: What should you know about bed-wetting in adults?

Answer: A lot of folks think bed-wetting is something that only happens to kids, but it's a problem that can hit grown-ups, too. You may feel embarrassed to wake up to wet sheets, but it's not your fault. It could be due to a medical condition, medicine, or a problem with your bladder. You've got lots of ways to fix it.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose bed-wetting in adults?

Answer: Write down things like: How often and what time your bed-wetting happens How much urine comes out (a lot or a little) What and how much you drank before bed Any other symptoms you've had Your doctor will do tests to diagnose the problem, such as: Urinalysis. It checks a sample of your urine to look for an infection or other conditions of the urinary tract -- the collection of organs that are involved with urine like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine culture. Your doctor sends a small sample of your urine to a lab, where technicians put it in a special dish with nutrients. This test looks for bacteria or yeast in your urine. It can diagnose a urinary tract infection. Uroflowmetry. You pee into a special funnel to measure how much urine you make and how quickly it flows out. Post-void residual urine measurement. This test measures how much urine is left in your bladder after you pee.


Question: How can the bladder cause bed-wetting in adults?

Answer: When there isn't enough room in your bladder, pee can leak.


Question: How does canola oil benefit the heart?

Answer: Canola oil is also very high in healthier unsaturated fats. It's higher in the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA) than any other oil except flaxseed oil. ALA is particularly important to have in your diet because your body can't make it. Studies show that ALA may help protect the heart through its effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, and inflammation.


Question: What are healthy cooking methods that I can do with canola oil?

Answer: Because of its light flavor, high smoke point, and smooth texture, canola oil is one of the most versatile cooking oils. You can use it in a number of dishes and cooking methods, like: As a cooking oil for sauteing, stir-frying, grilling, and baking In salad dressings, sauces, and marinades To coat your pans for nonstick baking Instead of solid fats (such as margarine and butter) in recipes Some Internet sites claim that canola oil has high levels of erucic acid, a substance that can be toxic to humans and can lead to ailments ranging from respiratory distress to blindness.


Question: How much erucic acid does canola oil contain?

Answer: You can use it in a number of dishes and cooking methods, like: As a cooking oil for sauteing, stir-frying, grilling, and baking In salad dressings, sauces, and marinades To coat your pans for nonstick baking Instead of solid fats (such as margarine and butter) in recipes Some Internet sites claim that canola oil has high levels of erucic acid, a substance that can be toxic to humans and can lead to ailments ranging from respiratory distress to blindness. But canola oil has levels of erucic acid well below the FDA's standards.


Question: Do vaginal estrogen creams help with menopause symptoms?

Answer: As an alternative treatment for menopause symptoms of the vagina, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal estrogen cream to help stop the thinning of vaginal tissues and improve lubrication.


Question: How safe is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as treatment for menopause?

Answer: Recently, research on HRT through the Women's Health Initiative turned up some controversial findings: Heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, and breast cancer occurred more often in women taking combination HRT. Taking estrogen alone slightly increased the risk of stroke and blood clots and didn't appear to increase or decrease the risk of heart disease. No increased risk of breast cancer was found for those women on estrogen-only therapy. Combination and estrogen-only HRT are still effective therapies for relieving menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. While not appropriate for everyone, these treatments may still have their place for some women facing menopause or menopause-related issues.


Question: What are the most common causes of proctitis?

Answer: Gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, anal warts, and chlamydia are the most common cause of sexually transmitted proctitis.


Question: Is obesity linked to low testosterone?

Answer: Obesity and low testosterone are tightly linked. Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone. Men with very low testosterone are also more likely to become obese. Fat cells metabolize testosterone to estrogen, lowering testosterone levels. Also, obesity reduces levels of sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG), a protein that carries testosterone in the blood. Less SHBG means less free testosterone. Losing weight through exercise can increase testosterone levels.


Question: How do steroid nasal sprays help relieve allergy?

Answer: With allergies, your nasal passages and sinuses get inflamed when you come in contact with things like pollen, animal dander, or dust mites. These sprays can make you start to feel better and are often the first treatment recommended by doctors. Nasal steroid sprays start working within a few hours but may take several days or weeks to take full effect. Make sure you use it every day.


Question: What are the odds of passing allergy to your child?

Answer: It's more likely. If one parent has allergies, the child has a 50% chance of having them. If both parents have allergies, the odds are higher.


Question: What will my doctor do to relieve my allergy?

Answer: First she'll figure out what you're allergic to. She'll examine you and ask for your medical history and your family's allergy history. Then she may do a series of skin or blood tests to see what you have a reaction to. That'll help decide which treatment you should take. Or she may suggest a medicine that can help no matter what you're allergic to. They can often help with reactions to pollen, dust, perfumes, plants, or animal dander.


Question: What does a radical prostatectomy to treat prostate cancer involve?

Answer: Radical prostatectomy involves surgically removing the entire prostate gland and some surrounding tissue. This treatment is recommended to treat early stages of the disease.


Question: What does minimally invasive surgery for prostate cancer involve?

Answer: Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer Laparoscopic prostate surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery performed with the aid of a small camera.


Question: How are diabetes and stroke connected?

Answer: High blood sugar can make you 2-4 times more likely to have a stroke. If it's not managed well, diabetes can lead to fatty deposits or clots inside your blood vessels. This can narrow the ones in your brain and neck and might cut off the blood supply to the brain.


Question: Can exercise help prevent stroke?

Answer: Being a couch potato can lead to obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure -- a recipe for stroke. So get moving. You don't have to run a marathon. It's enough to work out 30 minutes, 5 days a week. You should do enough to make you breathe hard, but not huff and puff. Talk to your doctor before you start exercising.


Question: What should my cholesterol readings be to help avoid stroke?

Answer: Keep your numbers in the healthy range: Total cholesterol: under 200 mg/d L of blood LDL (bad) cholesterol: under 100 mg/d L HDL (good) cholesterol: above 60 mg/d L If diet and exercise aren't enough to keep your cholesterol in check, your doctor may recommend medication.


Question: Can aspirin help prevent strokes?

Answer: A low-dose aspirin every day may help prevent strokes and heart attacks. It acts as blood thinner, preventing blood clots from forming in arteries partly blocked by cholesterol and plaque. It's not for everyone, though, so don't start taking aspirin without talking to your doctor first.


Question: Are there foods that can help prevent stroke?

Answer: Healthy eating can lower your risk of a stroke and help you shed weight if you need to. Load up on fresh fruits and veggies (broccoli, Brussel sprouts, and leafy greens like spinach are best) every day. Choose lean proteins and high-fiber foods. Stay away from trans and saturated fats, which can clog your arteries. Cut salt, and avoid processed foods. They're often loaded with salt, which can raise your blood pressure, and trans fats.


Question: What's the link between high blood pressure and stroke?

Answer: If it's not managed well, high blood pressure can make you 4-6 times more likely to have a stroke. This is because it can thicken the artery walls and make cholesterol or other fats build up and form plaques. If one of those breaks free, it can block your brain's blood supply. High blood pressure also can weaken arteries and make them more likely to burst, which would cause a hemorrhagic stroke.