Question: What medications are used during surgery for cancer?

Answer: Along with a traditional operation, doctors can also fight some types of cancer with: Laser surgery (beams of light) Electrosurgery (electric currents) Cryosurgery (very cold temperatures to freeze cancer cells) You'll get medication to block pain during and after your surgery. You might also get other meds, such as antibiotics to lower the risk of infection.


Question: What are some other cancer treatments?

Answer: Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, which gets the body's immune system to fight cancer. Hormone therapy, also called hormone treatment or hormonal therapy, which treats cancers that use hormones to grow (such as breast cancer and prostate cancer). Stem cell transplants. Doctors use chemo or radiation to destroy as many cancer cells as possible, then try to replace them with healthy stem cells from bone marrow or blood. Photodynamic therapy. Doctors inject a special drug into the bloodstream, then use a specific type of light to make it kill cancer cells. With any cancer treatment, it might take a while before you know how it affects your disease. Stay in touch with your doctor and keep her in the loop about anything that doesn't feel right. You are the most important part of your cancer care team.


Question: What treatments for cancer exist other than surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation?

Answer: Photodynamic therapy.


Question: Do I have to take oral chemo exactly as prescribed?

Answer: If your doctor recommends oral chemo, it's important to take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor right away if you can't keep your medication down because you're vomiting.


Question: What can treat skin problems related to urinary incontinence?

Answer: No matter how well your incontinence products work, when urine continually touches your skin, you can get rashes and even infections. Most experts agree that changing pads or underwear whenever you feel wet can help. So can rinsing the genital area with warm water and drying it thoroughly each time you change pads. Some people find skin care products featuring a moisture barrier helpful in reducing skin irritation. Any products for diaper rash can help.


Question: What barrier devices can help women with urinary incontinence?

Answer: Some devices control the flow of urine. Women can choose devices that go inside the vagina, like tampons or vaginal sponges. They provide temporary control by putting pressure on the tissues of the bladder. This helps keep urine from escaping and is particularly good for stress incontinence, where exercise, laughing, and sneezing causes urine to leak.


Question: What is a saturation point of products sold for urinary incontinence?

Answer: All incontinence protection products have a "saturation" point -- they can hold only so much liquid -- but the products don't absorb at the same rate. Sometimes the difference can be dramatic. There's no standard for terms such as "plus" or "ultra plus," so try different brands to find what works best for you.


Question: How can a pessary help with urinary incontinence?

Answer: For 24-hour protection, many women find a pessary helpful. This is a plastic device that's inserted into the vagina. It increases pressure on the urethra muscles and adds support to the pelvic region. These devices are fitted to your pelvis size, so you'll need to visit your doctor. You can remove them for cleaning. They should be replaced each year -- and that means another trip to the doctor. Ask your doctor if a pessary is a good option for you.


Question: What are urinary incontinence products with odor control?

Answer: Most incontinence pads, liners, and disposable underwear feature some type of odor control. Often, the materials are treated with a natural odor-absorbing compound such as baking soda. Sometimes, though, manufacturers add fragrance to the pad, liner, or garment. Some people find this pleasant, but for others it causes skin irritation. If you have sensitive skin, odor control compounds may cause you problems.


Question: How can sprays and special detergents help you with urinary incontinence?

Answer: If you accidentally leak urine onto clothing or furniture, there are several products -- sprays and special detergents -- that remove urine stains and odors. Most are sold in pharmacies. Some can be found in mail order health catalogs or online.


Question: What type of medication will my doctor suggest for my hepatitis C?

Answer: Your doctor might call these new drugs direct-acting antivirals. They zoom in on the virus that's making you sick. Each drug works in a slightly different way. But in general, the medicine interferes with proteins that help the virus grow or spread.


Question: Can vosevi (Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir and Voxilaprevir) treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir ( Vosevi): This can also treat all types of hep C with one tablet that you take each day.


Question: Can elbasvir and grazoprevir (Zepatier) be used to treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Elbasvir and grazoprevir ( Zepatier): This once-a-day pill treats HCV types 1 and 4. It may also offer new hope for people with hep C who also have cirrhosis, HIV, late-stage kidney disease, and other hard-to-treat conditions. Like the other antivirals, the side effects are mild. You might have a slight headache or bellyache, or you might feel tired.


Question: Do all hepatitis C medications work the same?

Answer: There's no one-size-fits-all option. There are many different types, or "genotypes," of hepatitis C. Type 1 is the most common. This is important to understand when you talk to your doctor. Not all meds work on all types. Which medicine is best for you also depends on how much liver scarring (cirrhosis) you have.


Question: How soon does my hepatitis C medication remove all traces of the virus from my blood?

Answer: Most of the time, these meds remove all traces of the virus from your blood within 12 weeks. This is called sustained virologic response ( SVR), and it's what doctors look for to tell if you're cured. How long you'll need treatment can vary. It may range from 8 to 24 weeks.


Question: Is ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (Harvoni) used to treat hepatitis C?

Answer: Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir ( Harvoni): This once-a-day pill launched a revolution in hep C treatment. It was the first interferon-free med for people with type 1. A year later, the FDA also gave the thumbs up for people with HCV types 4, 5, and 6 to use it. Side effects are mild. You might feel tired or have a slight headache. Some people have a bellyache, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping.


Question: How can daclatasvir (Daklinza) treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Daclatasvir ( Daklinza): Approval of this drug meant no more shots for the 1 in 10 people infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV) types 1 and 3. You take this pill once a day with sofosbuvir ( Sovaldi). You might get a headache or feel a little tired. Tell your doctor if you feel super-sluggish.


Question: How can cognitive behavioral therapy help you deal with your mood swings?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of short-term treatment. Your therapist will help you change patterns of thinking and behavior that add to problems in your life. For instance, if criticism sends you into a tailspin, you may work on new ways to receive and react to constructive feedback.


Question: Can bipolar disorder cause intense mood swings?

Answer: People with bipolar disorder have highs and lows that are much more intense and longer-lasting than usual mood swings. For example, it's normal to feel great, like everything's going your way, for a day or two. Someone with bipolar disorder, though, can spend several days or weeks being the life of the party: racing around, talking fast, not sleeping much, and doing destructive things like running through the family's bank account. That's called a manic phase. They could possibly hear voices, too. Similarly, it's not uncommon to have trouble getting out of bed to go to a job you don't like. But someone with bipolar disorder may stay in bed for 4 days and lose that job.


Question: Can borderline personality disorder cause mood swings?

Answer: A characteristic of this mental illness is sudden, intense shifts in mood -- such as anxious to angry, or depressed to anxious -- usually without the extreme highs seen in bipolar disorder. These are often "triggered" by what seem like ordinary interactions with other people.


Question: How can hormonal changes cause mood swings?

Answer: For women, PMS, pregnancy, menopause (the year after your last period), and perimenopause (the years before it) can lead to unpredictable moods. Men's hormones tend to stay pretty stable until age 30, when testosterone begins to gradually decline. About a third of men age 75 and older have low levels of testosterone. That can cause mood swings, along with erectile dysfunction, sleep problems, and, yes, hot flashes. When your mood swings get in the way of your job, your relationships, or any other part of your life, make an appointment with your doctor to sort out what's going on.


Question: When should you see a doctor about your mood swings?

Answer: When your mood swings get in the way of your job, your relationships, or any other part of your life, make an appointment with your doctor to sort out what's going on. Simple changes may help you handle mild, uncomfortable, annoying (to you or to others) mood swings.


Question: How many Americans are affected by bipolar disorder each year?

Answer: This treatable mental illness affects 3% of adult Americans each year.


Question: How can depression cause mood swings?

Answer: Someone who is depressed may have mood swings, too. They'll have their lows, then feel OK, but they won't get the manic highs that someone with bipolar disorder would. Depressed people may feel worse in the morning and become more cheerful later in the day. If you've been feeling sad, drained, restless, or hopeless for more than 2 weeks, it's time to call your doctor.


Question: Can attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cause mood swings?

Answer: Mood swings, a hot temper, and easily getting frustrated can sometimes be symptoms of ADHD in adults.


Question: What is psychological abuse as it relates to elder abuse?

Answer: They include: Torn or bloody clothes, especially underwear Sexually transmitted diseases Bruises, especially on both sides of the body or around the breasts or genitals Bleeding from the vagina or bottom Psychological abuse is any action that hurts a person emotionally. It can happen when someone threatens him, yells at him, calls him names or talks down to him, ignores him over and over, and controls what he does, who he sees, and where he goes.


Question: What should you do if you see signs of elder abuse?

Answer: First, try talking privately with the person you suspect is in trouble. You can start by saying you think something is wrong and you want to help. If he won't answer your questions, it's possible that he is being abused. If he tells you someone's hurting him or you suspect he's in immediate danger, call 911. If the problem isn't urgent, contact Adult Protective Services in the state where he lives. You don't need proof of the abuse to make the call. The agency will send someone to the person's home to check out the report and, if necessary, take steps to make sure he's safe.


Question: What are signs of psychological abuse in relation to elder abuse?

Answer: Watch for signs of this kind of abuse in your loved one's actions or his relationships with you and others. He might: Act withdrawn or frightened Have changes in his behavior that you can't explain Rock back and forth, suck, or mumble to himself Be depressed, confused, or lose interest in things he enjoyed Have trouble sleeping Financial abuse is when an older person's money or property are threatened.


Question: What is physical abuse as it relates to elder abuse?

Answer: It can happen in different ways: Physical abuse is any action that causes injury or bodily harm. It can include hitting, shoving, kicking, or burning an older person, tying him to a bed or wheelchair, locking him in a room, or giving him drugs his doctor hasn't prescribed.


Question: What are signs of financial abuse in relation to elder abuse?

Answer: Signs may include: Withdrawals from bank accounts that your loved one can't explain A new "friend" who may be taking financial advantage of him Legal documents that have been changed or disappeared Missing financial statements Unpaid bills, utilities that are shut off, or threats of eviction Signatures that seem to be forged Neglect happens when caregivers don't tend to an older person's needs.


Question: What are physical signs of sexual abuse in relation to elder abuse?

Answer: There may be physical signs as well as those you can't see. They include: Torn or bloody clothes, especially underwear Sexually transmitted diseases Bruises, especially on both sides of the body or around the breasts or genitals Bleeding from the vagina or bottom Psychological abuse is any action that hurts a person emotionally.


Question: What is neglect as it relates to elder abuse?

Answer: Signs may include: Withdrawals from bank accounts that your loved one can't explain A new "friend" who may be taking financial advantage of him Legal documents that have been changed or disappeared Missing financial statements Unpaid bills, utilities that are shut off, or threats of eviction Signatures that seem to be forged Neglect happens when caregivers don't tend to an older person's needs. It can mean not giving him enough food, water, clothing, housing, and medications or not helping him bathe, dress, or pay the bills. Abandoning the person completely is also a type of abuse. Sometimes a caregiver knows he's neglecting the person, but others may not know they're doing anything wrong.


Question: What is Fluzone?

Answer: Fluzone is a high-dose version for those ages 65 and older. It's better at protecting an older person's immune system. There is a âneedle-lessâ option for people ages 18 to 64: the jet injector vaccine with Afluria, which uses a tool and high pressure to deliver the vaccine.


Question: How is male "menopause" diagnosed?

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects.


Question: What is male "menopause?"

Answer: Because men do not go through a well-defined period referred to as menopause, some doctors refer to this problem as androgen (testosterone) decline in the aging male -- or what some people call low testosterone. It is normal for men to experience a decline in the production of the male hormone testosterone with aging, but this also occurs with conditions such as diabetes.


Question: Can male "menopause" be treated?

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects. Replacing testosterone may worsen prostate cancer and increase the risk of heart disease, for example.


Question: What are symptoms of male "menopause?"

Answer: Along with the decline in testosterone, some men experience symptoms that include: Fatigue Weakness Depression Sexual problems The relationship of these symptoms to decreased testosterone levels is still controversial.


Question: What symptoms might you have if mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) spreads throughout your body?

Answer: If MAC goes all over your body, you may have: High fever or chills Night sweats Belly pain Diarrhea Weight loss Fatigue Swollen glands Fewer red blood cells (anemia) You could also have more serious symptoms like: Blood infections Hepatitis Pneumonia Many other infections can cause the same symptoms as MAC.


Question: How can a yeast infection seem like a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

Answer: There are several reasons you might have symptoms that are like a yeast infection. Herpes, genital warts and trichomoniasis (trich) can also cause irritation, itchiness, and discharge that has a slight odor. With other sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, you don't always have symptoms, but you might experience pain and burning when you pee. STDs often need a different kind of treatment than a yeast infection. For example, trich isn't caused by a fungus. It's caused by bacteria. To treat it, you'll usually need to take strong antibiotics for a short period of time.


Question: How can not having enough estrogen seem like a yeast infection?

Answer: As you get older, your level of estrogen goes down. This can cause changes in your body, like thinner skin. That can lead to uncomfortable symptoms like itching and discharge. Sometimes, using a vaginal lubricant to reduce friction can help. You may also want to talk to your doctor about taking a small dose of estrogen.


Question: How can allergies or other skin conditions seem like a yeast infection?

Answer: Cleaning products can trigger symptoms if you're allergic to one or more of their ingredients. Soaps and feminine hygiene products can sometimes do this, as can laundry detergents. Certain skin conditions can also cause itching and other symptoms. They sometimes require treatment with steroid ointments like hydrocortisone. Small cuts can even feel itchy and irritated while they're healing.


Question: How can bacterial vaginosis (BV) seem like a yeast infection?

Answer: This is an infection that's caused by an overgrowth of bacteria. There's no specific cause for it, but along with redness and itchiness, you might notice discharge that's gray or white and has a fishy odor. If you have BV, your doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole, or vaginally applied antibiotic creams or gels with metronidazole or clindamycin.


Question: How will I know if my insurance company covers varicose veins?

Answer: An estimated 30% to 60% of adults have varicose veins, but they are generally not a problem..


Question: What are spider veins?

Answer: Spider veins are smaller, red, purple, and blue vessels that are also twisted and turning. Spider veins are easily visible through the skin as well. They are most often seen on the legs, chest, or face.


Question: When is treatment for varicose veins not necessary?

Answer: Many people have no pain or other symptoms. For these individuals, no treatment is necessary, unless they want the veins removed for cosmetic reasons.


Question: How can changing your lifestyle help with treating varicose vein?

Answer: Surgery is generally used to treat large varicose veins.


Question: How do lasers and intense pulsed light help treat varicose veins?

Answer: These devices use heat energy to selectively damage or destroy abnormal veins. An advantage of these treatments is that no needles or sclerosing solutions are required; however, there may be some minor discomfort. Side effects do occur, including discoloration or staining and blister formation. Examples include Vasculight and Photo Derm.


Question: Is stem cell therapy approved to treat heart failure?

Answer: It's not approved to treat heart failure, yet. You can get it through a clinical trial. That's when the research moves from the lab to the hospital to see if a treatment is safe and if it works. If you want to try stem cell therapy, ask your doctors if there are studies that may be a good fit for you.


Question: How are stem cells used to treat heart failure?

Answer: Doctors are testing several different methods of giving people stem cells: Intramyocardial injection: Cells go right into the heart muscle, usually during another procedure like open-heart surgery, bypass surgery, or implanting a pacemaker. Intracoronary infusion: A catheter puts cells into your coronary artery. It goes into a large blood vessel in your groin and threaded through your heart. Intravenously: Cells go right into the bloodstream through a needle placed in a vein.


Question: What can you do to prevent altitude sickness?

Answer: The best way you can lower your chance of getting altitude sickness is through acclimatization. That means you let your body slowly get used to the changes in air pressure as you travel to higher elevations. You'll want to climb to higher altitudes gradually. Going slowly helps your lungs get more air through deeper breaths and allows more of your red blood cells to carry oxygen to different parts of your body.


Question: Why does altitude sickness happen?

Answer: When you go to higher altitudes, this pressure drops and there is less oxygen available. If you live in a place that's located at a moderately high altitude, you get used to the air pressure. But if you travel to a place at a higher altitude than you're used to, your body will need time to adjust to the change in pressure. Any time you go above 8,000 feet, you can be at risk for altitude sickness.


Question: What is altitude sickness?

Answer: You may also have: Loss of coordination and trouble walking A severe headache that doesn't get better with medication A tightening in your chest If you develop a severe form of altitude sickness like HAPE or HACE, you might have: Confusion Shortness of breath even at rest Inability to walk A cough that produces a white or pink frothy substance Coma Anyone can develop altitude sickness, no matter how fit, young, or healthy they are -- even Olympic athletes can get it.


Question: What are some ways to avoid altitude sickness?

Answer: Some of the basic guidelines for acclimatization are: Start your journey below 10,000 feet. If you have to fly or drive somewhere that's higher up, stop at one destination that's lower for at least a full day before going any higher. If you walk, hike, or climb over 10,000 feet, only go up an additional 1,000 feet per day. For every 3,000 feet you climb, rest at least a day at that height. â Climb high and sleep lowâ: If you have to climb over 1,000 feet in a day, make sure you come back down to a lower altitude to sleep. Drink 3-4 quarts of water every day and make sure about 70% of your calories are coming from carbs. Don't use tobacco, alcohol, or other medications, such as sleeping pills. Know how to identify the first signs of altitude sickness. Immediately move to a lower elevation if you start to develop these symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of altitude sickness?

Answer: You might have: Headache Dizziness Nausea Vomiting Fatigue and loss of energy Shortness of breath Problems with sleep Loss of appetite Symptoms usually come on within 12 to 24 hours of reaching a higher elevation and then get better within a day or two as your body adjusts to the change in altitude.


Question: What are the different types of altitude sickness?

Answer: The symptoms can feel like a hangover â dizziness, headache, muscle aches, nausea. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ( HAPE) is a buildup of fluid in the lungs that can be very dangerous and even life threatening. High Altitude Cerebral Edema ( HACE) is the most severe form of altitude sickness and happens when there's fluid in the brain. It's life threatening and you need to seek medical attention right away.


Question: Who usually gets altitude sickness?

Answer: You may also have: Loss of coordination and trouble walking A severe headache that doesn't get better with medication A tightening in your chest If you develop a severe form of altitude sickness like HAPE or HACE, you might have: Confusion Shortness of breath even at rest Inability to walk A cough that produces a white or pink frothy substance Coma Anyone can develop altitude sickness, no matter how fit, young, or healthy they are -- even Olympic athletes can get it. In fact, being physically active at a high elevation makes you more likely to get it. Your chance of getting altitude sickness depends on a few other things: how quickly you move to a higher elevation, how high you go up, the altitude where you sleep, and other factors. Your risk also depends on where you live and the altitude there, your age (young people are more likely to get it), and whether you've had altitude sickness before. Having certain illnesses like diabetes or lung disease doesn't automatically make you more likely to develop altitude sickness. But your genes could play a role in your body's ability to handle higher elevations.


Question: What are the symptoms of severe altitude sickness?

Answer: You may also have: Loss of coordination and trouble walking A severe headache that doesn't get better with medication A tightening in your chest If you develop a severe form of altitude sickness like HAPE or HACE, you might have: Confusion Shortness of breath even at rest Inability to walk A cough that produces a white or pink frothy substance Coma Anyone can develop altitude sickness, no matter how fit, young, or healthy they are -- even Olympic athletes can get it.


Question: When can you leave the hospital after a severe asthma attack?

Answer: When the doctors at the hospital decide that you're well enough to go home, they'll make sure that you have: Medicines to keep your asthma under control An asthma action plan that lets you know how to prevent asthma attacks and manage your condition. You should already have one of these, but if you don't, you will when you leave the hospital.


Question: What is included in your treatment for severe asthma at the hospital?

Answer: Your treatment in the hospital may include continuous use of an asthma nebulizer, and also supplemental oxygen and steroid medicine to stop the attack. The doctor may also give you a dose of magnesium sulfate, which you'd get by IV, to help the muscles around your airways relax. These aren't medicines that would be a normal part of asthma care -- doctors just use them for emergencies.


Question: How is cradle cap prevented?

Answer: Once the cradle cap is under control, you can keep it at bay by washing your baby's hair often enough with baby shampoo and brushing her scalp with a soft brush. Ask your pediatrician how often to wash your baby's hair after cradle cap goes away. Your doctor may also suggest that you use the hydrocortisone cream or another lotion or ointment after the cradle cap has stopped being a problem.


Question: Who shouldn't take bee pollen?

Answer: There is evidence that bee pollen is not helpful in boosting athletic performance or stamina.


Question: What are benefits of bee pollen?

Answer: A few studies have been promising: One small study found evidence that bee pollen might reduce some side effects of radiation therapy for cancer. Other studies looked at an extract of bee pollen and found some benefits in men suffering from chronic prostatitis or enlarged prostate. Another study found that a product containing bee pollen (and several other ingredients) seemed to reduce PMS symptoms. However, more research needs to be done before it's known whether bee pollen truly helps those conditions.


Question: What are the risks of taking bee pollen?

Answer: Generally, bee pollen seems fairly safe. However, it could cause potentially serious allergic reactions in people with allergies to honey, pollen (like ragweed or other plants, depending on where the bee pollen comes from), or bee stings. Symptoms could include itching, redness, swelling, hives, shortness of breath, and even anaphylactic shock. Risks. If you have any medical conditions, check with a doctor before you start using bee pollen regularly. It might not be safe for people with allergic asthma, blood disorders, or liver disease.


Question: How nutritious is bee pollen?

Answer: It's a good source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates. Note that bee pollen is not the same as other substances derived from bees -- which are sometimes used as supplements -- like bee venom, royal jelly, and honey.


Question: What are the symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer: You're most likely to get a diagnosis of RP as a teen or young adult. Vision loss is slow, and the rate of vision change varies from person to person. How quickly it moves depends on the genetic makeup of your RP. Early RP symptoms: Loss of night vision, making it harder to drive at dusk or night or to see in dimly lit rooms. Later RP symptoms: Loss of side (peripheral) vision, leading to tunnel vision -- like looking through a straw. Sometimes you lose central vision first. Then, reading or doing close work isn't easy. This loss of central vision also affects color vision.


Question: What are the types of retinitis?

Answer: This is a group of genetic eye diseases you inherit from one or both parents. Some examples of RP and related diseases: Usher syndrome Leber's congenital amaurosis ( LCA) Rod-cone disease Bardet- Biedl syndrome CMV retinitis. This is a type of retinitis that develops from a viral infection of the retina. CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a herpes virus. Most people have been exposed to the virus, but it usually causes no harm. When a herpes virus is reactivated in people with weaker immune systems, it can cause retinitis.


Question: How is cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis treated?

Answer: To help prevent blindness, doctors both treat the retinitis and work to strengthen your immune system. You may need an antiviral medication such as ganciclovir. You might take pills by mouth or receive an injection into a vein or eye.


Question: What are the symptoms of  cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis?

Answer: In early stages, CMV retinitis causes no symptoms. You may develop symptoms, first in one eye, over a few days. Symptoms may include: Floaters (specks or clouds in your field of vision) Blurred vision Loss of side vision Just as with RP, symptoms may occur first with central vision. This affects reading and perception of color.


Question: What are some other treatment options for retinitis pigmentosa (RP)?

Answer: Researchers are looking into a range of treatment options, such as stem cells, medications, gene therapy, and transplants. They are already making progress. For example, patients in a small genetic study have had some sight restored with genetic therapy. One day, it may be possible to treat RP by inserting healthy genes into your retina. If you have RP, there are some devices that can help make objects look brighter and larger, such as low-vision magnifiers. These devices can help you remain independent and active. You can also try rehabilitation services that can help you use the vision you have in a more effective way.


Question: Is there current research into effective treatments for retinitis?

Answer: Researchers are looking into a range of treatment options, such as stem cells, medications, gene therapy, and transplants. They are already making progress. For example, patients in a small genetic study have had some sight restored with genetic therapy. One day, it may be possible to treat RP by inserting healthy genes into your retina. If you have RP, there are some devices that can help make objects look brighter and larger, such as low-vision magnifiers.


Question: How can taking care of yourself help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: It can be draining to look after someone with schizophrenia. You need to make nurturing yourself a top priority every day. It's common for caregivers to feel sad, angry, alone, or afraid of what others will think. Reach out to friends and family, and tell them what you need. They can: Listen to you without judging you Find information and doctors Share hopeful stories, moral support, and spiritual guidance Offer financial assistance Do your housework and babysit your kids Most of all, eat well, get enough sleep, exercise, and take part in fun activities. You can't be âon callâ 24 hours a day. So schedule guilt-free vacations and give yourself a complete break from time to time.


Question: How can avoiding stress help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: Activities like yoga, tai chi, and meditation can make both of you feel more relaxed. Try to do them regularly so you can use them in a crisis.


Question: How can staying in touch help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: When a person with schizophrenia feels alone, his suicidal thoughts may increase. If you don't live close by, you can help by staying in touch via telephone, text, email, and mail. Sending short notes like postcards and greeting cards can remind him how much you care.


Question: How can being goal-oriented help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: A doctor will set up a wellness plan with your loved one that will include specific goals. If you're not sure who to call to get treatment started, try your family doctor, who may refer you to a psychiatrist. Your job as a caregiver is to remind your loved one how important it is to stick to his goals, and to encourage him to stay on his medication. He needs to follow his treatment plan to help prevent the disease from coming back and keep his symptoms from getting worse.


Question: How can joining support groups help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: Some things to include are: Your loved one's recent symptoms (what they are and when they started) Any other medical conditions he may have New sources of stress (these can include major life changes) Medications, vitamins, herbs, or any other supplements that he has taken, as well as the dosage Encourage your family member or friend to join a group, and make sure he gets to the meetings. In these support groups, he will be among other people with schizophrenia who will share their experiences. It may help him feel less alone. The Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America ( SARDAA) and National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) both offer support.


Question: How can learning how to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: When someone with schizophrenia has hallucinations (hears or sees things that aren't there) or delusions (believes things that aren't true, even when he gets proof that they're false), he believes they are real. It doesn't help him to challenge his beliefs by saying they're not. Instead, tell him that you each see things in your own way. Be respectful, kind, and supportive, and call his doctor if needed. If he's acting out hallucinations, stay calm, call 911, and tell the dispatcher he has schizophrenia. While you wait for paramedics, don't argue, shout, criticize, threaten, block the doorway, touch him, or stand over him. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened.


Question: How can knowing the signs of suicide help someone you love with schizophrenia?

Answer: Most people with schizophrenia are harmless to others. They're more likely to hurt themselves than anybody else. Sometimes that includes trying to take their own life. You should take any suicidal talk seriously, and pay attention to poems, notes, or any other things your loved one creates that are about death. Also, be suspicious if he suddenly goes from depressed to cheerful. This change could mean he's thinking about suicide. For help on the spot, call your doctor and the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255.


Question: What are the symptoms of a corneal ulcer?

Answer: Red eye Severe pain Feeling that something is in your eye Tears Pus or thick discharge draining from your eye Blurry vision Pain when looking at bright lights Swollen eyelids A white round spot on the cornea that is visible with the naked eye if the ulcer is very large Change in vision Severe pain Feeling that there is something in your eye Obvious discharge draining from your eye History of scratches to the eye or exposure to chemicals or flying particles Because corneal ulcers are a serious problem, you should see your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).


Question: Is surgery done for corneal ulcers?

Answer: If the ulcer cannot be controlled with medications or if it threatens to perforate the cornea, you may require an emergency surgical procedure known as corneal transplant.


Question: What is a corneal ulcer?

Answer: Scratches on the edge of your contact lens can scrape the cornea's surface and make it more open to bacterial infections.


Question: What is the outlook for people with a corneal ulcer?

Answer: Discard and replace the contact lenses at the interval specified by your doctor A corneal ulcer is a true emergency. Without treatment, the ulcer can spread to the rest of your eyeball, and you can become partially or completely blind in a very short period of time. Your cornea may also perforate, or you could develop scarring, cataracts, or glaucoma. With the proper treatment, corneal ulcers should improve within 2-3 weeks. If scars from previous corneal ulcers impair vision, a corneal transplant may be needed to restore normal vision.


Question: When should you seek medical care for a  corneal ulcer?

Answer: Red eye Severe pain Feeling that something is in your eye Tears Pus or thick discharge draining from your eye Blurry vision Pain when looking at bright lights Swollen eyelids A white round spot on the cornea that is visible with the naked eye if the ulcer is very large Change in vision Severe pain Feeling that there is something in your eye Obvious discharge draining from your eye History of scratches to the eye or exposure to chemicals or flying particles Because corneal ulcers are a serious problem, you should see your ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in eye care and surgery).


Question: How can contact lenses damage your cornea?

Answer: Contact lenses can damage your cornea in many ways. Scratches on the edge of your contact lens can scrape the cornea's surface and make it more open to bacterial infections. Similarly, tiny particles of dirt trapped underneath the contact lens can scratch the cornea. Bacteria may be on the lens or in your cleaning solutions and, thus, get trapped on the undersurface of the lens. If your lenses are left in your eyes for long periods of time, these bacteria can multiply and cause damage to the cornea. Wearing lenses for extended periods of time can also block oxygen to the cornea, making it more susceptible to infections.


Question: How is Riluzole used to treat depression?

Answer: Riluzole: This medicine, originally used to treat motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease), has been shown also to affect neurotransmitters involved in depression, and in early studies has begun to show promise in treating depression that is unresponsive to more traditional medicines.


Question: What is the outlook for depression?

Answer: The outlook for depressed people who seek treatment is very promising. By working with a qualified and experienced mental health care professional, you can regain control of your life.


Question: What alternative therapies are available for mild depression?

Answer: In addition, alternative therapies such as yoga and hypnosis sometimes work for mild depression.


Question: Can depression return if you stop treatment?

Answer: Even when treatment such as ECT, TMS, vagus nerve stimulation, or other alternative therapies is successful, depression can return. Psychotherapy and/or maintenance antidepressant medication can help prevent depression from coming back. Psychotherapy does this by correcting the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors that contribute to your depression. If you do experience recurring symptoms, don't hesitate to seek help again.


Question: When is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used to treat depression?

Answer: Or it might be used when patients pose a severe threat to themselves or others and it is too dangerous to wait until medications take effect.


Question: How is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) performed?

Answer: Prior to ECT treatment, a patient is given a muscle relaxant and is put to sleep with a general anesthesia. Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp and a finely controlled electric current is applied. This current causes a brief seizure in the brain. Because the muscles are relaxed, the visible effects of the seizure will usually be limited to slight movement of the hands and feet. Patients are carefully monitored during the treatment. The patient awakens minutes later, does not remember the treatment or events surrounding it, and is often confused. The confusion typically lasts for only a short period of time. ECT is usually given up to three times a week for a total of two to four weeks.


Question: What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Answer: ECT is among the safest and most effective treatments available for depression. With ECT, electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp and a finely controlled electric current is applied while the patient is under general anesthesia. The current causes a brief seizure in the brain. ECT is one of the fastest ways to relieve symptoms in severely depressed or suicidal patients. It's also very effective for patients who suffer from mania or a number of other mental illnesses.


Question: What are some misunderstandings about using electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat depression?

Answer: Although ECT has been used since the 1940s and 1950s, it remains misunderstood by the general public. Many of the procedure's risks and side effects are related to the misuse of equipment, incorrect administration, or improperly trained staff. It is also a misconception that ECT is used as a "quick fix" in place of long-term therapy or hospitalization. Nor is it correct to believe that the patient is painfully "shocked" out of the depression. Unfavorable news reports and media coverage have contributed to the controversy surrounding this treatment.


Question: How does vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) work to treat depression?

Answer: Vagus nerve stimulation ( VNS) is another treatment for depression that uses a surgically implanted pacemaker-like device that electrically stimulates a nerve that runs up the neck into the brain. The nerve is called the vagus nerve.


Question: What alternative treatments are used to treat depression?

Answer: Alternative treatments can sometimes provide relief that traditional Western medicine cannot. While some alternative therapies have become accepted as part of modern health care practice, others still have not been proven safe or effective. Whether or not they are scientifically proven, alternative therapies, by providing forms of relaxation and relief from stress, may have a place in healing and general health and well-being. Examples of alternative therapies include acupuncture, guided imagery, chiropractic treatments, yoga, hypnosis, biofeedback, aromatherapy, relaxation, herbal remedies, and massage. In general, alternative therapies by themselves are reasonable to use for mild but not more severe forms of clinical depression.


Question: What are uterine fibroids?

Answer: These tumors, usually benign, are generally found in the smooth muscles of the uterus, and can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Uterine fibroids are a common reason why women have hysterectomies, accounting for between 177,000 and 366,000 of the annual total.


Question: Can vaginal pessary help with avoiding hysterectomy if I have prolapse?

Answer: One treatment option is a vaginal pessary -- a removable device placed into the vagina to support areas where prolapse is happening. There are several different kinds of pessaries, and your doctor can help you decide which is best for your situation. They don't cure the prolapse, but can relieve symptoms partially or completely. Often, they can be helpful in pregnancy, holding the uterus in place before it enlarges and invades the vaginal canal.


Question: What is laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis?

Answer: A more long-term treatment for endometriosis that is more likely to help with fertility problems is laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive approach to either remove the endometrial growths and scar tissue, or burn them away with intense heat. If the growths can't all be safely destroyed this way, surgeons can take a more invasive approach, a laparotomy, which involves making a larger cut in the abdomen. This requires a much longer recovery period, but is still less invasive than hysterectomy and offers the prospect of retaining fertility.


Question: What is uterine artery embolization or uterine fibroid embolization?

Answer: Uterine artery embolization ( UAE), also known as uterine fibroid embolization ( UFE). This is a fairly simple, noninvasive procedure in which small particles are injected into the uterine arteries feeding the fibroids, cutting off their blood supply. Unlike a hysterectomy, this procedure preserves the uterus and helps women potentially avoid surgery.


Question: How many women every year have a hysterectomy?

Answer: One-third of American women experience some type of pelvic health disorder by the time they're age 60. And about 600,000 women every year have a hysterectomy -- removing their uterus to relieve troubling symptoms. Overall, an estimated 20 million women have had a hysterectomy. But if you have painful periods with excessive bleeding, fibroids, endometriosis, or another pelvic health problem, you should know that there are alternatives to hysterectomy to consider.


Question: What is hysteroscopy?

Answer: The insertion of a thin, telescope-like instrument through the vagina can be used if the fibroid is primarily within the cavity of the uterus. This is a minor surgical procedure with minimal recuperation time, but can only be offered to women who have fibroids within the lining of the uterine cavity.


Question: What is endometriosis?

Answer: About 5 million American women experience endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that behaves like the lining of the uterus -- the endometrium -- grows in other areas of the abdominal cavity, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outer surface of the uterus. Symptoms include pelvic pain, painful intercourse, spotting between periods, and infertility. The average woman with endometriosis has symptoms for two to five years before being diagnosed.


Question: What's the first type of treatment for uterine fibroids?

Answer: Painful symptoms of uterine fibroids can be initially treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Motrin. If that isn't effective, another option is a class of drugs that blocks the ovaries' production of estrogen and other hormones. Their side effects can include symptoms of premature menopause and a decrease in bone density. This is done only prior to scheduled fibroid removal, not long term.


Question: Are eczema and asthma related?

Answer: Atopy causes a heightened sensitivity to common allergens, especially those that are in food and in the air. Some children with eczema or atopic dermatitis develop asthma. Some findings indicate that children with atopic dermatitis may have more severe and persistent asthma as adults.


Question: What areas of the body are targeted by tai chi and qi gong?

Answer: Core: Yes. You won't be doing moves like crunches, but you'll be using your core muscles as you flow from move to move. Arms: Yes. Your arms are part of the movements in these gentle martial arts. Legs: Yes. You do the movements standing up, so tai chi and qi gong do use your leg muscles, but not in an intense way. Glutes: Yes. The exercises don't include positions that specifically target the glutes, but those muscles will be working as you move. Back: Yes. Tai chi and qi gong use your whole body, including the muscles in your back.


Question: What exercise types are improved by tai chi and qi gong?

Answer: Flexibility: Yes. The movements help improve flexibility. Aerobic: No. These are moving meditations, not cardio workouts. Strength: Yes. When you do qi gong and tai chi, you're building strength in a subtle way. Your body weight is all you need. It's not about powering through muscular poses, but about engaging your whole body. Sport: No. It is not a sport. Low- Impact: Yes. The gentle movements put minimal stress on the muscles and joints.


Question: What should I do if I see someone in sudden cardiac arrest?

Answer: If you witness someone experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, dial 911 or your local emergency personnel immediately and initiate CPR. If done properly, CPR can save a person's life, as the procedure keeps blood and oxygen circulating through the body until help arrives. If there is an AED available, the best chance of rescuing the person includes defibrillation with that device. The shorter the time until defibrillation, the greater the chance the person will survive.


Question: What are symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest?

Answer: Some people may experience symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest, such as a racing heartbeat or feeling dizzy, alerting them that a potentially dangerous heart rhythm problem has started. In over half of the cases, however, sudden cardiac arrest occurs without prior symptoms.


Question: Who is at risk for sudden cardiac arrest?

Answer: There are many risk factors that can increase a person's risk of sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death, including the following: Previous heart attack with a large area of the heart damaged (75% of SCD cases are linked to a previous heart attack.) A person's risk of SCD is higher during the first 6 months after a heart attack. Coronary artery disease (80% of SCD cases are linked with this disease.) Risk factors for coronary artery disease include smoking, hypertension, family history of heart disease, and high cholesterol.


Question: How can you lower your risk for  sudden cardiac arrest?

Answer: These lifestyle changes include: Quitting smoking Losing weight Exercising regularly Following a heart-healthy diet Managing diabetes Managing other health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol If you have questions or are unsure how make these changes, talk to your doctor. Patients and families should know the signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease and the steps to take if symptoms occur. Medications: To help reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest, doctors may prescribe medications to people who have had heart attacks or who have heart failure or arrhythmias such as irregular heart rhythms.


Question: Can medications lower your risk of sudden cardiac arrest?

Answer: These drugs may include ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and other antiarrhythmics. For patients with high cholesterol and coronary artery disease, statin drugs may be prescribed.


Question: Are athletes at risk for sudden cardiac death?

Answer: Cause: Many cases of SCD are related to undetected heart disease. In the younger population, SCD is often caused by congenital heart defects, while in older athletes (ages 35 and older), the cause is more often related to coronary artery disease. Prevalence: In the younger population, most SCD occurs while playing team sports. It occurs in about one in 50,000 athletes, and more often in males. In older athletes (ages 35 and older), SCD occurs more often while running or jogging. Screening: The American Heart Association recommends cardiovascular screening for high school and collegiate athletes and should include a complete and careful evaluation of the athlete's personal and family history and a physical exam.


Question: Can you prevent sudden cardiac death?

Answer: Keeping regular follow-up appointments with your doctor, making certain lifestyle changes, taking medications as prescribed, and having interventional procedures or surgery (as recommended) are ways you can reduce your risk.


Question: Can your family members help if you're at risk for sudden cardiac death?

Answer: Educate Your Family Members: If you are at risk for SCD, talk to your family members so they understand your condition and the importance of seeking immediate care in the event of an emergency. Family members and friends of those at risk for SCD should know how to perform CPR.


Question: What is inflammatory breast cancer?

Answer: Inflammatory breast cancer ( IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that often appears as a rash or an irritated area of skin. It blocks the lymph vessels in the skin of your breast. Inflammatory breast cancer may not show up on a mammogram or ultrasound and is often misdiagnosed as an infection. By the time it's diagnosed, it usually has grown into the skin of your breast. Often, it has already spread to other parts of the body, too.


Question: What are the symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer?

Answer: A bruise on the breast that doesn't go away Sudden swelling of the breast Itching of the breast Nipple changes or discharge Swelling of the lymph nodes under the arm or in the neck These changes often happen quickly, over a period of weeks.


Question: How does inflammatory breast cancer develop?

Answer: When compared to other forms of the disease, inflammatory breast cancer: Looks different -- often there are no lumps, but your breast might appear red, swollen, or inflamed Is harder to diagnose -- it doesn't show up well on a mammogram Is more aggressive and spreads more quickly than other types Tends to be diagnosed at a younger age, especially among African- American women Is more likely to affect overweight women Is often further along (your doctor may call this locally advanced, meaning it's moved into nearby skin) when it's diagnosed Has often spread past the breast (your doctor will say it has metastasized) when it's diagnosed, which makes it harder to treat Unlike more common types of breast cancer, this type generally doesn't show up as a lump. The disease grows as nests or sheets under the skin.


Question: How does the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) diagnose diabetes?

Answer: Research has shown that the OGTT is more sensitive than the FPG test for diagnosing prediabetes, but it is less convenient to administer. The OGTT requires you to fast for at least eight hours before the test. Your plasma glucose is measured immediately before and two hours after you drink a liquid containing 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water. Results and what they mean are shown in table 2. If your blood sugar level is between 140 and 199 mg/d L 2 hours after drinking the liquid, you have a form of prediabetes called impaired glucose tolerance or IGT, meaning that you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes but do not have it yet. A two-hour glucose level of 200 mg/d L or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means that you have diabetes.


Question: How is diabetes diagnosed?

Answer: The following tests are used for the diagnosis of diabetes: A fasting plasma glucose test measures your blood glucose after you have gone at least 8 hours without eating. This test is used to detect diabetes or prediabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test measures your blood sugar after you have gone at least eight hours without eating and two hours after you drink a glucose-containing beverage. This test can be used to diagnose diabetes or prediabetes. In a random plasma glucose test, your doctor checks your blood sugar without regard to when you ate your last meal. This test, along with an assessment of symptoms, is used to diagnose diabetes, but not prediabetes. Positive test results should be confirmed by repeating the fasting plasma glucose test or the oral glucose tolerance test on a different day. When first diagnosed with diabetes, your doctor may suggest a zinc transporter 8 autoantibody ( Zn T8 Ab) test. This blood test -- along with other information and test results -- can help determine if a person has type 1 diabetes and not another type. The goal of having the Zn T8 Ab test is a prompt and accurate diagnosis and that can lead to timely treatment.


Question: How are random blood glucose tests or hemoglobin A1c screenings used in the diagnosis of diabetes?

Answer: A random blood glucose level of 200 mg/d L or more, plus presence of the following symptoms, can mean that you have diabetes: Increased urination Increased thirst Unexplained weight loss Other symptoms include fatigue, blurred vision, increased hunger, and sores that do not heal. Your doctor will check your blood glucose level on another day using the FPG or the OGTT to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. Newer guidelines use hemoglobin A1c as a screening tool for prediabetes or diabetes (the test is normally used to measure blood glucose control in diabetes patients over several months). An Hb A1c of 5.7% to 6.4% is consistent with prediabetes and marks a time when it can be reversed by lifestyle changes. An Hb A1c of 6.5% or higher is consistent with diabetes.


Question: How is the oral glucose tolerance test used to diagnose diabetes?

Answer: The OGTT requires you to fast for at least eight hours before the test. Your plasma glucose is measured immediately before and two hours after you drink a liquid containing 75 grams of glucose dissolved in water. Results and what they mean are shown in table 2. If your blood sugar level is between 140 and 199 mg/d L 2 hours after drinking the liquid, you have a form of prediabetes called impaired glucose tolerance or IGT, meaning that you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes but do not have it yet. A two-hour glucose level of 200 mg/d L or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means that you have diabetes.


Question: What is the role of a pain specialist in the diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Pain specialists are usually anesthesiologists who have specialized training in pain management. Some women with chronic pelvic pain can seek out these physicians to complement treatment provided by their primary care or gynecologist. Pain specialists may be necessary for appropriate trials of nerve blocks, the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) units, or management of medications used for chronic pain.


Question: What are some procedures used to diagnose chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: It involves inserting a camera or scope through a small incision to look at the pelvic organs or take tissue samples. Also, a hysteroscopy, a small camera placed through the vagina into the uterus, may be useful to diagnose abnormalities that may cause pain originating inside the uterus. " Pain mapping" is a technique some doctors use. While you're sedated but awake, a doctor uses a laparoscope and a probe to stimulate points inside your pelvis. You rate any pain you feel and say whether it is like the pain you typically experience. This creates a "map" of sensitive areas.


Question: What are some causes of chronic pelvic pain that radiological tests can help diagnose?

Answer: Radiological tests may be useful to diagnose: Endometriosis Pelvic congestion Adhesions Fibroids Pelvic inflammatory disease If imaging tests don't reveal the cause of your pelvic pain, a procedure called laparoscopy may be recommended.


Question: How is high blood sugar treated?

Answer: Your blood sugar may rise if you: Skip or forget your insulin or oral glucose-lowering medicine Eat too many grams of carbohydrates for the amount of insulin you took, or eat too many carbs in general Have an infection Are ill Are under stress Become inactive or exercise less than usual Take part in strenuous physical activity, especially when your blood sugar levels are high and insulin levels are low Early signs include: Increased thirst Headaches Trouble concentrating Blurred vision Frequent peeing Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Weight loss Blood sugar more than 180 mg/d L Ongoing high blood sugar may cause: Vaginal and skin infections Slow-healing cuts and sores Worse vision Nerve damage causing painful cold or insensitive feet, loss of hair on the lower extremities, or erectile dysfunction Stomach and intestinal problems such as chronic constipation or diarrhea Damage to your eyes, blood vessels, or kidneys If you have diabetes and notice any of the early signs of high blood sugar, test your blood sugar and call the doctor. He may ask you for the results of several readings. He could recommend the following changes: Drink more water.


Question: What are the two types of high blood sugar?

Answer: There are two main kinds: Fasting hyperglycemia. This is blood sugar that's higher than 130 mg/d L (milligrams per deciliter) after not eating or drinking for at least 8 hours. Postprandial or after-meal hyperglycemia. This is blood sugar that's higher than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after you eat. People without diabetes rarely have blood sugar levels over 140 mg/d L after a meal, unless it's really large.


Question: How can drinking more water treat high blood sugar?

Answer: H20 helps remove excess sugar from your blood through urine, and it helps you avoid dehydration.


Question: What should you check for if you have diabetes and have high blood sugar?

Answer: Caution: If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood sugar is high, you need to check your urine for ketones. When you have ketones, do NOT exercise. If you have type 2 diabetes and your blood sugar is high, you must also be sure that you have no ketones in your urine and that you are well-hydrated. Then your doctor might give you the OK to exercise with caution as long as you feel up to it.


Question: Can you die from high blood sugar if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If you have type 2 diabetes or if you're at risk for it, extremely high blood sugar can lead to a potentially deadly condition in which your body can't process sugar. It's called hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome ( HHNS). You'll pee more often at first, and then less often later on, but your urine may become dark and you could get severely dehydrated.


Question: How can exercising more treat high blood sugar?

Answer: Working out can help lower your blood sugar. But under certain conditions, it can make blood sugar go even higher. Ask your doctor what kind of exercise is right for you.


Question: What are early signs of high blood sugar?

Answer: Your blood sugar may rise if you: Skip or forget your insulin or oral glucose-lowering medicine Eat too many grams of carbohydrates for the amount of insulin you took, or eat too many carbs in general Have an infection Are ill Are under stress Become inactive or exercise less than usual Take part in strenuous physical activity, especially when your blood sugar levels are high and insulin levels are low Early signs include: Increased thirst Headaches Trouble concentrating Blurred vision Frequent peeing Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Weight loss Blood sugar more than 180 mg/d L Ongoing high blood sugar may cause: Vaginal and skin infections Slow-healing cuts and sores Worse vision Nerve damage causing painful cold or insensitive feet, loss of hair on the lower extremities, or erectile dysfunction Stomach and intestinal problems such as chronic constipation or diarrhea Damage to your eyes, blood vessels, or kidneys If you have diabetes and notice any of the early signs of high blood sugar, test your blood sugar and call the doctor.


Question: What happens when someone with type 2 diabetes has extremely high blood sugar?

Answer: If you have type 2 diabetes or if you're at risk for it, extremely high blood sugar can lead to a potentially deadly condition in which your body can't process sugar. It's called hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome ( HHNS). You'll pee more often at first, and then less often later on, but your urine may become dark and you could get severely dehydrated. It's important to treat symptoms of high blood sugar right away to help prevent complications.


Question: How should you switch your medications to treat high blood sugar?

Answer: Your doctor may change the amount, timing, or type of diabetes medications you take. Don't make changes without talking to him first.


Question: When should you test for ketones if you have high blood sugar and diabetes?

Answer: Caution: If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood sugar is high, you need to check your urine for ketones.


Question: What happens if someone with diabetes has ongoing high blood sugar?

Answer: Your blood sugar may rise if you: Skip or forget your insulin or oral glucose-lowering medicine Eat too many grams of carbohydrates for the amount of insulin you took, or eat too many carbs in general Have an infection Are ill Are under stress Become inactive or exercise less than usual Take part in strenuous physical activity, especially when your blood sugar levels are high and insulin levels are low Early signs include: Increased thirst Headaches Trouble concentrating Blurred vision Frequent peeing Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Weight loss Blood sugar more than 180 mg/d L Ongoing high blood sugar may cause: Vaginal and skin infections Slow-healing cuts and sores Worse vision Nerve damage causing painful cold or insensitive feet, loss of hair on the lower extremities, or erectile dysfunction Stomach and intestinal problems such as chronic constipation or diarrhea Damage to your eyes, blood vessels, or kidneys If you have diabetes and notice any of the early signs of high blood sugar, test your blood sugar and call the doctor.


Question: How is IBS-D diagnosed?

Answer: There isn't a test that tells you if you have IBS- D (or any kind of IBS). Instead, your doctor will look at your health history and symptoms. If you've had abdominal pain and other signs of IBS for at least 3 months, you may have it. If you have other symptoms, like rectal bleeding, weight loss, or a family history of gastrointestinal cancer, your doctor may want you to have tests to rule out other possibilities. These can include a blood test to check for celiac disease and a colonoscopy to check for abnormal growths and signs of cancer.


Question: How does relieving stress help treat IBS-D?

Answer: Stress relief: The link between stress and IBS is complicated. Stress and related issues like anxiety and depression don't cause IBS. But they can make symptoms like diarrhea worse. That's why it's important to try to find effective ways to manage your mood. Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too. Massage, yoga, hypnotherapy, and forms of talk therapy can help with stress, which may lessen your symptoms.


Question: Do over-the-counter medications affectively treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications: Anti-diarrhea medications like loperamide ( Imodium) may help. Peppermint oil supplements may reduce cramping. Some experts believe probiotics (âgoodâ bacteria, which you can get in supplement form or from foods like pickles and sauerkraut) can help relieve IBS symptoms, including diarrhea.


Question: Is there a cure for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too.


Question: How is eluxadoline used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Eluxadoline ( Viberzi) may help reduce bowel contractions, belly cramps, and diarrhea. It's also important to note that this is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance. This means, among other things, that you'll have to have a new prescription from your doctor each time you need it.


Question: Do stress relief techniques affectively treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Stress relief: The link between stress and IBS is complicated. Stress and related issues like anxiety and depression don't cause IBS. But they can make symptoms like diarrhea worse. That's why it's important to try to find effective ways to manage your mood. Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too. Massage, yoga, hypnotherapy, and forms of talk therapy can help with stress, which may lessen your symptoms.


Question: What diet changes can help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Possible treatments include: Diet changes: Foods and beverages don't cause IBS- D, but some may trigger your symptoms or make them worse. Alcohol, drinks with caffeine (like coffee and soda), carbonated drinks, chocolate, sorbitol (an artificial sweetener used in some gums and mints), fried food, and milk products may make IBS-related diarrhea worse.


Question: What causes IBS-D?

Answer: Researchers don't know what causes IBS or IBS- D. We do know that women are more likely to have it than men, and it's more common in adults under 50. If you have a family member with IBS, your odds of getting IBS or IBS- D go up. With IBS, your colon is more sensitive than normal. It can react to things like stress, bacteria, and even certain foods. Your brain also plays a role and may respond too much to signals that control your colon. The result: Your intestines squeeze too hard, making food move too quickly through your system. That can cause pain, diarrhea, and other problems like gas.


Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: If you have a family member with IBS, your odds of getting IBS or IBS- D go up. With IBS, your colon is more sensitive than normal. It can react to things like stress, bacteria, and even certain foods. Your brain also plays a role and may respond too much to signals that control your colon. The result: Your intestines squeeze too hard, making food move too quickly through your system. That can cause pain, diarrhea, and other problems like gas.


Question: Are heat and cold treatments used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If he gives you the go-ahead, you might want to look into some of these common treatments: Many doctors recommend heat and cold treatments to ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.


Question: How is tai chi used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This slow, gentle martial art is easy on your joints. You'll stand and do a series of gentle movements that are easy to modify if your joints are sore. It can help with strength, flexibility, and balance.


Question: How can visualization help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: This can help reduce stress and pain. To try this simple exercise: Close your eyes.


Question: How can magnets help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Magnet therapies come in a variety of forms, such as bracelets, necklaces, inserts, pads, or disks. You can find them at most natural food stores. Most research on magnets involves people with osteoarthritis, the wear-and-tear type of arthritis linked to aging, not RA. In people with knee and hip osteoarthritis, some early studies have shown they improved joint pain better than a placebo. Doctors don't know exactly how magnets might relieve pain, and there's no clear proof that they actually help people with rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: How are magnets used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Magnet therapies come in a variety of forms, such as bracelets, necklaces, inserts, pads, or disks. You can find them at most natural food stores. Most research on magnets involves people with osteoarthritis, the wear-and-tear type of arthritis linked to aging, not RA. In people with knee and hip osteoarthritis, some early studies have shown they improved joint pain better than a placebo. Doctors don't know exactly how magnets might relieve pain, and there's no clear proof that they actually help people with rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: Are supplements used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: A few RA studies show that certain supplements and natural remedies can help. But the research is still in its early stages, so the bottom line isn't clear yet. Keep in mind that supplements can affect other medications. Tell your doctor about anything you take, even if it's natural, so he can check that it's safe for you.


Question: How can heat help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Heat: It relaxes your muscles and spurs blood flow. You can use a moist heating pad or a warm, damp towel. Many people like using microwaveable hot packs. Don't go too hot. Your skin shouldn't burn. You can also use heat therapy in the shower. Let the warm water hit the painful area on your body. That may help soothe it. A hot tub is another good way to relax stiff muscles. Just don't use hot tubs or spas if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or are pregnant.


Question: How can cold help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: If he gives you the go-ahead, you might want to look into some of these common treatments: Many doctors recommend heat and cold treatments to ease rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Each offers different benefits: Cold: It curbs joint swelling and inflammation. Apply an ice pack to the affected joint during an RA flare-up, for instance. Just don't overdo it. Apply the cold compress for 15 minutes at a time.


Question: How can tai chi help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: This slow, gentle martial art is easy on your joints. You'll stand and do a series of gentle movements that are easy to modify if your joints are sore. It can help with strength, flexibility, and balance.


Question: How is visualization used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This can help reduce stress and pain. To try this simple exercise: Close your eyes.


Question: How is thunder god vine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: A few studies have shown a drop in inflammation and tender joints in people with RA who take this supplement. A large government-funded study that compared this root with sulfasalazine, a traditional drug used to treat RA, found that symptoms improved more with the use of thunder god vine. Side effects may include stomach upset, headache, hair loss, upper respiratory tract infections, and sterility in men. Pregnant women and women at risk of getting osteoporosis should not take it. Keep in mind that it's hard to get safe and high-quality thunder god vine made in the U. S. The safety and effectiveness of thunder god vine from outside the U. S., such as from China, can't be verified according to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.


Question: How long should I use cold treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Just don't overdo it. Apply the cold compress for 15 minutes at a time.


Question: Why does the color of your clothes matter when it comes to avoiding tick bites?

Answer: This makes it even harder for ticks to find their way to your skin.


Question: What chemicals that are in tick repellents have unknown effects on pregnancy?

Answer: It's also unclear how the chemicals that are often used in tick repellents can affect the rest of your pregnancy. Many of them simply haven't been studied to see if they cause birth defects. The verdict is still out on: Picaridin Oil of lemon eucalyptus ( OLE) PMD (a chemical version of OLE) 2- Undecanone IR3535 DEET is a chemical that's found in most brands of tick repellent.


Question: Are all-natural ingredients safe to use to keep ticks away during pregnancy?

Answer: These include oils from: Garlic Rosemary Lemongrass Thyme Geranium plants The effects of these ingredients on pregnancy haven't been studied, either. If you apply them to your skin according to the package directions, they're probably safe to use. Still, they don't appear to offer a strong defense against ticks and may wear off quickly. Some of the items in these natural tick repellents can be found in supplements, too. Be aware that taking them by mouth won't help you repel ticks and could harm your baby.


Question: When should you check for ticks?

Answer: Do tick checks after coming indoors. Use a full-length or hand mirror to look under your arms, around your ears, behind your knees, under your hair, inside your belly button, between your legs and around your waist. Don't forget to check children, pets, and garden and lawn tools.


Question: What does dairy allergy involve?

Answer: Dairy allergy involves the immune system: If you have it, your body reacts to the proteins in milk and other dairy products as if they're dangerous invaders. It releases substances that cause allergy symptoms. This allergic reaction can be mild (rashes) to severe (trouble breathing, loss of consciousness). Dairy allergy is one of most common allergies, especially in children. As many as 2 in every 100 children under 4 years old are allergic to milk. It's even more common in babies.


Question: What are the symptoms of a dairy allergy?

Answer: Some symptoms of lactose intolerance and dairy allergy may be the same: Diarrhea Nausea; sometimes vomiting Abdominal cramps Bloating Gas But dairy allergy can also cause a reaction in other parts of your body, including the skin and lungs: Rash Hives Swelling, often in the lips and face Wheezing Tightness in throat Trouble swallowing There may be blood in the stool (poop) too, especially in babies.


Question: What are severe symptoms of a dairy allergy?

Answer: Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction and often begins minutes after you eat a food you're allergic to, but sometimes it can happen hours later. It usually involves more than one symptom in more than one part of your body at the same time. If you have a severe allergy or if you've ever had anaphylaxis in the past, talk to your doctor about carrying an injectable epinephrine ( Adrenaclick, Auvi- Q, Epi Pen, a generic auto-injector, Symjepi) to slow down or stop the allergic reaction.


Question: Where do rheumatoid nodules show up?

Answer: The most common locations for rheumatoid nodules are: Hands Fingers Knuckles Elbows As you live with RA for a while, you can be more likely to have nodules. You might get them in your: Vocal cords: If they form here, you might get hoarse. Lungs, heart, and other organs: When they show up in these parts of your body, nodules can affect how they work.


Question: Who is most likely to get primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Only about 4 to 15 out of 1 million people get this condition. Most often, it affects women between ages 30 and 65. Sometimes it runs in families. You could be more likely to get it if you have a mom, dad, brother, or sister -- especially an identical twin -- with the disorder.


Question: What are the treatments for primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: You have primary biliary cholangitis if you have at least two of the following: High levels of alkaline phosphatase Antimitochondrial antibodies Signs of the disease on a liver biopsy The main treatment for PBC is a drug called ursodiol. It's a natural form of bile that can help your liver work better and help you live longer. You take it as a pill, unless you get a new liver in a transplant. There are few reported side effects from the drug. If you can't take ursodiol, or it doesn't work well enough for you, your doctor may prescribe obeticholic acid ( Ocaliva) along with, or instead of, ursodiol.


Question: Where can I get information about primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: You can find more information on primary biliary cholangitis from: American Liver Foundation The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Organization for Rare Disorders


Question: Can you drink alcohol if you have primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: If you have this condition, you should avoid drinking alcohol and never use illegal drugs. These things can further damage your liver. Tell your doctor before you use any type of over-the-counter medications, including and especially herbs and supplements. Many substances can affect how your liver works and may interfere with your treatment and outcome.


Question: What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer: Toxins that the liver usually removes start to build up in the organ and eventually the brain. This can cause confusion, personality changes, and even coma.


Question: What drugs used to treat manic episodes are also used as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer: However, many other drugs used to treat manic episodes are also used for maintenance treatment. These drugs include: Antipsychotic medication Antidepressants Carbamazepine ( Tegretol) Valproate ( Depakote) A combination of these drugs may also be used.


Question: How likely is a relapse after remission from an acute episode for someone with bipolar disorder?

Answer: In bipolar disorder, after remission from an acute episode of mania or depression, a person is at an especially high risk of relapse for about six months. Thus, continuation and maintenance of (ongoing) therapy is often recommended as treatment for bipolar disorder. Anyone who has experienced two or more episodes of bipolar disorder generally is considered to have lifelong bipolar disorder, where the goal focuses not only on treating current symptoms but also preventing future episodes. That person should have maintenance therapy. Once your doctor has helped stabilize the moods of the acute phase of the disorder (either a manic or depressive episode), drug therapy is continued indefinitely -- sometimes at lower doses.


Question: How is lithium used to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer: Lithium (brand names include Eskalith or Lithobid) is the most widely used and studied medication for treating bipolar disorder. It has been used for more than 50 years and helps reduce the severity and frequency of manic states. It may also help relieve bipolar depression. People with bipolar disorder may take lifelong lithium as maintenance therapy to prevent relapses. When lithium treatment stops, relapses can occur within six months in 90% of patients. Moreover, subsequent lithium treatment may sometimes be less effective, particularly if lithium is stopped abruptly rather than gradually (meaning, over a period of 2 weeks or longer). Studies show that lithium can significantly reduce the risk of suicide among people with bipolar disorder. It also helps prevent future manic episodes. Lithium is a simple salt that acts on a person's central nervous system. Doctors don't know exactly how lithium works to stabilize mood. However, it helps people with bipolar disorder have more control over their emotions and cope better with the problems of daily life.


Question: What other tests might be needed in addition to an immunoglobulin test?

Answer: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should.


Question: What is immunoglobulin M?

Answer: Immunoglobulin M: Your body makes Ig M antibodies when you are first infected with new bacteria or other germs. They are your body's first line of defense against infections. When your body senses an invader, your Ig M level will rise for a short time. It will then begin to drop as your Ig G level kicks in and increases to protect you long-term.


Question: How can immunoglobulin test results vary?

Answer: This can be caused by: Medicines that weaken your immune system, such as steroids Diabetes complications Kidney disease or kidney failure A weakened immune system that you were born with or developed (as with HIV/ AIDS) Just because your immunoglobulin level is high or low doesn't mean you have one of these conditions. Each person's test can differ based on the method the lab uses to check the results. Talk to your doctor about your test results, and find out what you should do next.


Question: What is immunoglobulin E?

Answer: Immunoglobulin E: Your body makes Ig E antibodies when it overreacts to substances that aren't harmful, such as pollen or pet dander. Your doctor will likely measure your Ig E levels if you have a blood test to check for allergies.


Question: How is an immunoglobulin test done?

Answer: She may also order the test if you have: Diarrhea that doesn't go away Unexplained weight loss Fevers that can't be explained by another cause Skin rashes Allergies Sickness after traveling HIV/ AIDS or multiple myeloma (a type of cancer), or another condition that needs to be monitored Doctors often measure Ig A, Ig G, and Ig M together to get a snapshot of your immune function. A lab tech will usually take a sample of your blood by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. The blood collects into a tube or vial. Another way to do this test is with a sample of what's called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). CSF surrounds your brain and spinal cord. The doctor will take a sample of this fluid with a lumbar puncture (often called a âspinal tapâ). For this, you go to an outpatient facility or a hospital. A technician will give you a shot in your back to help numb any pain. You will likely lie on your side with your knees pulled up to your chest, or you sit on a table. The technician inserts a hollow needle between two vertebrae in your lower spine and removes a small amount of fluid so it can be tested.


Question: Why might I need an immunoglobulin test?

Answer: Your doctor might order an immunoglobulin test if you get a lot of infections -- especially infections of the sinuses, lungs, stomach, or intestines. She may also order the test if you have: Diarrhea that doesn't go away Unexplained weight loss Fevers that can't be explained by another cause Skin rashes Allergies Sickness after traveling HIV/ AIDS or multiple myeloma (a type of cancer), or another condition that needs to be monitored Doctors often measure Ig A, Ig G, and Ig M together to get a snapshot of your immune function.


Question: What does a high immunoglobulin level mean?

Answer: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should.


Question: What does a low immunoglobulin level mean?

Answer: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should. This can be caused by: Medicines that weaken your immune system, such as steroids Diabetes complications Kidney disease or kidney failure A weakened immune system that you were born with or developed (as with HIV/ AIDS) Just because your immunoglobulin level is high or low doesn't mean you have one of these conditions.


Question: What is immunoglobulin G?

Answer: Immunoglobulin G: Ig G is the most common type of antibody in your blood and other body fluids. These antibodies protect you against infection by "remembering" which germs you've been exposed to before. If those germs come back, your immune system knows to attack them. Your doctor can test for Ig G to figure out whether you've been infected by certain kinds of bacteria or virus.


Question: What is immunoglobulin A?

Answer: Your body makes a few different types of immunoglobulin antibodies, including these: Immunoglobulin A: Ig A antibodies are found in the mucous membranes of the lungs, sinuses, stomach, and intestines. They're also in fluids these membranes produce, like saliva and tears, as well as in the blood.


Question: How can TENS help with treating spinal cord injury pain?

Answer: Spinal cord injury pain.


Question: Does TENS help with period pain?

Answer: Small studies suggest that TENS provides relief from painful menstrual cramps and back pain related to the menstrual cycle.


Question: How safe is TENS?

Answer: It's generally considered safe, with fewer side effects than some other types of pain relief. There have been some reports of people getting mild electrical burns when they use their TENS unit improperly. So you should learn how to use a TENS unit with supervision from an experienced doctor or physical therapist.


Question: What is the outlook for cystic fibrosis?

Answer: Although CF is a severe condition that needs daily care, there are many ways to treat it, and there's been a great improvement in those treatments over the years. People who have CF now can expect to live a much longer life than those who had it in the past.


Question: What are normal flu symptoms?

Answer: Normal flu symptoms include: High fever Headache Tiredness (can be extreme) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Body aches Although flu vaccines can prevent certain strains, there's not much you can do after you get sick.


Question: How long does the flu typically last?

Answer: People typically recover after about a week or two without any lasting problems. But sometimes this illness can lead to serious complications that require emergency care.


Question: What do you do if the flu is causing symptoms of an emergency?

Answer: If you or a family member has any signs or symptoms of a flu emergency, call 911 right away or go to the emergency room.


Question: What is the best way to get rid of the flu?

Answer: Normal flu symptoms include: High fever Headache Tiredness (can be extreme) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Body aches Although flu vaccines can prevent certain strains, there's not much you can do after you get sick. If you take them within 48 hours after symptoms start, drugs like oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza) may ease some symptoms. You can also: Take over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to relieve body aches, headache, and fever. Take over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants to help with congestion. Drink lots of fluids. Get plenty of rest.


Question: Is the flu more like a cold or a stomach bug?

Answer: The flu can be hard to tell from a cold. But it usually comes on faster and is more severe. The so-called "stomach flu" isn't the same as influenza. The flu very rarely causes tummy trouble in adults.


Question: What is Reye's syndrome?

Answer: Coughing up blood Croup, which causes a loud barking cough Wheezing Trouble breathing, shortness of breath, or rapid breathing Pain or pressure in the chest Confusion Bluish-colored lips or nails High fever Convulsions from fever (this usually affects children) Fever or cough that becomes severe or won't go away This serious illness occurs most often in children. It may follow infection with the flu or other viral diseases like chickenpox. It often happens after the child takes aspirin. Reye's syndrome affects the liver and brain. It's rare, but it can be life threatening.


Question: What are the side effects of drugs that treat depression?

Answer: Side effects vary, depending on what type of medication you are taking, and may improve once your body adjusts to the medication.


Question: What should I do if I decide to stop taking antidepressants?

Answer: Quitting antidepressants abruptly can cause discontinuation symptoms such as headache or dizziness or increase the chance that symptoms will return. It is important to discuss tapering off (or changing) medications with your health care provider first.


Question: What medications are used to treat depression?

Answer: When treating anxiety disorders, antidepressants, particularly the SSRIs, have been shown to be effective. Other anti-anxiety drugs include the benzodiazepines, such as as alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan). These drugs do carry a risk of addiction or tolerance (meaning that higher and higher doses become necessary to achieve the same effect), so they are not as desirable for long-term use. Other possible side effects include drowsiness, poor concentration, and irritability. Some anticonvulsant drugs (such as gabapentin [ Neurontin] or pregabalin [ Lyrica]) and some atypical antipsychotics (such as aripiprazole or quetiapine or Seroquel) are also occasionally used "off label" to treat anxiety symptoms or disorders.


Question: What's the treatment for complex regional pain syndrome?

Answer: The options may include: Pain killers ranging from over-the-counter aspirin to more powerful medicines that you can only get with a prescription. Anti-swelling medicine. Anesthetic creams and patches that numb the affected area. Physical therapy to improve blood circulation and make the injured arm or leg more flexible. Spinal cord stimulation by a battery-powered device put in during surgery. Surgery that destroys some of the nerves. Doctors disagree about whether this helps.


Question: What servings are suggested in the DASH diet?

Answer: The DASH diet suggests getting: Grains: 7-8 daily servings Vegetables: 4-5 daily servings Fruits: 4-5 daily servings Low-fat or fat-free dairy products: 2-3 daily servings Meat, poultry, and fish: 2 or less daily servings Nuts, seeds, and dry beans: 4-5 servings per week Fats and oils: 2-3 daily servings Sweets: try to limit to less than 5 servings per week When you're trying to follow a healthy eating plan, it helps to know how much of a certain kind of food is considered a "serving."


Question: What is being on the DASH diet like?

Answer: The DASH diet calls for a certain number of servings daily from various food groups. The number of servings you require may vary, depending on how many calories you need per day. You can make gradual changes. For instance, start by limiting yourself to 2,400 milligrams of sodium per day (about 1 teaspoon). Then, once your body has adjusted to the diet, cut back to 1,500 milligrams of sodium per day (about 2/3 teaspoon). These amounts include all sodium eaten, including sodium in food products as well as in what you cook with or add at the table.


Question: How effective is the DASH diet?

Answer: Another diet -- DASH- Sodium -- calls for cutting back sodium to 1,500 milligrams a day (about 2/3 teaspoon). Studies of people on the DASH- Sodium plan lowered their blood pressure as well.


Question: What is the DASH diet?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } One of the steps your doctor may recommend to lower your high blood pressure is to start using the DASH diet. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. The diet is simple: Eat more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods Cut back on foods that are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fats Eat more whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, and nuts Limit sodium, sweets, sugary drinks, and red meats In research studies, people who were on the DASH diet lowered their blood pressure within 2 weeks.


Question: How much is a serving in the DASH diet?

Answer: One serving is: 1/2 cup cooked rice or pasta 1 slice bread 1 cup raw vegetables or fruit 1/2 cup cooked veggies or fruit 8 ounces of milk 1 teaspoon of olive oil (or any other oil) 3 ounces cooked meat 3 ounces tofu


Question: What are some DASH diet tips?

Answer: Dash Diet Tips Add a serving of vegetables at lunch and at dinner. Add a serving of fruit to your meals or as a snack. Canned and dried fruits are easy to use, but check that they don't have added sugar. Use only half your typical serving of butter, margarine, or salad dressing, and use low-fat or fat-free condiments. Drink low-fat or skim dairy products any time you would normally use full-fat or cream. Limit meat to 6 ounces a day. Make some meals vegetarian. Add more vegetables and dry beans to your diet. Instead of snacking on chips or sweets, eat unsalted pretzels or nuts, raisins, low-fat and fat-free yogurt, frozen yogurt, unsalted plain popcorn with no butter, and raw vegetables. Read food labels to choose products that are lower in sodium.


Question: What is the treatment for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Treatment for chronic pancreatitis also may include hospitalization.


Question: How are various pancreatic conditions treated?

Answer: Treatment for various pancreatic conditions may include a specialized technique using an endoscope. It is called therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP). A doctor can use this technique to: Enlarge a duct opening Remove pancreatic or bile duct stones Place a stent to keep a pancreatic or bile duct open Dilate or stretch a narrowed pancreatic or bile duct Drain pseudocysts In some cases, surgery or other procedures are needed. Treatment for pancreatic cancer may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.