Question: What do the results from a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load test mean?

Answer: Your viral load gives you an idea of how much of the HIV virus is in your body. HIV viral load tests look for RNA, the part of HIV that has the recipe for reproducing itself. A high viral load is generally considered about 100,000 copies, but you could have 1 million or more. The virus is at work making copies of itself, and the disease may progress quickly. A lower HIV viral load is below 10,000 copies. The virus probably isn't actively reproducing as fast, and damage to your immune system may be slowed, but this is not optimal.


Question: What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load?

Answer: Your test results help your doctor follow what's happening with your infection, how well your treatment is working, and guide treatment choices. HIV viral load predicts how fast the disease will progress, while other tests, like the CD4 count, indicate how much damage the virus has already caused. They can find as few as 20 copies of HIV RNA in a milliliter of blood. Unfortunately, the virus is still able to survive in various cells in the body.


Question: What should you do if you feel nauseous from chemotherapy?

Answer: Instead of eating three large meals every day, eat small meals, and eat more often. Nausea is often worse if your stomach is empty. Try to eat more food at a time of day when you feel less ill. Eat slowly, and chew your food completely. Choose foods that are cold or at room temperature. The smell of hot or warm foods may make you feel sicker. Avoid spicy and fatty foods, including rich and creamy sauces, because they're hard to digest. Foods that cause gas (like vegetables, beans, and soda) can make nausea worse. Rest after eating, but don't lie down. Sit up, keeping your head higher than your feet. If you feel queasy when you first wake up, keep a box of crackers on your nightstand and eat a few before getting out of bed. Or try having a high-protein snack such as lean meat or cheese before going to bed. ( Protein stays in your stomach longer than other foods.) You'll to prevent dehydration. Choose cold beverages such as water, flat soda, or flavored drink mixes. You can also suck on ice cubes and eat Popsicles to stay hydrated. Take your anti-nausea medicine on schedule. Call your doctor if your vomiting is severe or comes back often so you can't keep anything down, or when you also have any of these symptoms: Dark urine Small amount of urine Rapid heart rate Headaches Dizziness when standing up Flushed, dry skin Coated tongue Irritability and confusion Before each treatment session, tell your health care team if you've been feeling queasy.


Question: How can you cope with chemotherapy and nausea?

Answer: When they do happen, it tends to be less severe and pass more quickly than in the past. Different drugs work for different people, and you may need more than one drug to get relief. Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if you feel very queasy, have been throwing up for more than a day, or if it's so bad that you can't keep liquids down. That could lead to dehydration, which can cause serious problems if not treated. If you vomit more than three times a day and you don't drink enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. Also, your cancer drugs can't work if you've thrown them up.


Question: What should I do if I feel nauseous during chemotherapy?

Answer: Instead of eating three large meals every day, eat small meals, and eat more often. Nausea is often worse if your stomach is empty. Try to eat more food at a time of day when you feel less ill. Eat slowly, and chew your food completely. Choose foods that are cold or at room temperature. The smell of hot or warm foods may make you feel sicker. Avoid spicy and fatty foods, including rich and creamy sauces, because they're hard to digest. Foods that cause gas (like vegetables, beans, and soda) can make nausea worse. Rest after eating, but don't lie down. Sit up, keeping your head higher than your feet. If you feel queasy when you first wake up, keep a box of crackers on your nightstand and eat a few before getting out of bed. Or try having a high-protein snack such as lean meat or cheese before going to bed. ( Protein stays in your stomach longer than other foods.) You'll to prevent dehydration. Choose cold beverages such as water, flat soda, or flavored drink mixes. You can also suck on ice cubes and eat Popsicles to stay hydrated. Take your anti-nausea medicine on schedule. Call your doctor if your vomiting is severe or comes back often so you can't keep anything down, or when you also have any of these symptoms: Dark urine Small amount of urine Rapid heart rate Headaches Dizziness when standing up Flushed, dry skin Coated tongue Irritability and confusion Before each treatment session, tell your health care team if you've been feeling queasy.


Question: Is nausea and vomiting severe with chemotherapy?

Answer: When they do happen, it tends to be less severe and pass more quickly than in the past. Also, your cancer drugs can't work if you've thrown them up.


Question: Is nausea or vomiting during chemotherapy dangerous?

Answer: If you vomit more than three times a day and you don't drink enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. You may also need fluids through an IV to help your body reset its chemical balance and regain nutrients for energy.


Question: Should you exercise if you have cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: But many treatments can reduce your symptoms and improve your quality of life. For instance, clapping or pounding on your chest and back helps loosen mucus so you can cough more of it out. When you work out, you breathe faster and harder, which helps you cough up more mucus. Check with your doctor first about what types of activities are safe for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?

Answer: You may also have symptoms like: Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite Night sweats Weight loss With cutaneous ALCL, you may first notice one or more raised, red bumps on the skin that don't go away. These are tumors. They can form open sores, and they may itch. Cancer is found in lymph nodes in only one part of the body, like the neck or groin.


Question: What can you expect if you are diagnosed with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?

Answer: Treatments can help you fight it. Sometimes, the cancer comes back. Ask your doctor what to watch for, and listen to your body. The treatments can bring discomfort. Make sure your doctor knows how you're feeling. Take advantage of other therapies that can ease symptoms and help you feel better. A serious illness is hard for the whole family. It's natural that you will have questions, concerns, and frustrations. Find the support you need, and ask for help when you need it. Keep informed about research that's under way. You may be able to take part in a clinical trial.


Question: How can you get support if you have anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL)?

Answer: Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma ( ALCL) is a rare type of blood cancer. Find the support you need, and ask for help when you need it.


Question: What is a chalazion?

Answer: Doctors call it a âchalazionâ -- âchalaziaâ if you have more than one. It's one of the most common types of eyelid lumps. Chalazia are more likely to appear on your upper eyelid, though they sometimes show up on the lower eyelid. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.


Question: Can I treat chalazia at home?

Answer: After a few days the pain usually goes away and a bump or lump remains. One home remedy is to apply warm, moist heat to the area. Your doctor or nurse can give you instructions. Make sure you know how long and how often you should do this. With clean hands, gently push on the chalazia to help it naturally drain. Make the call if you think you have a chalazion. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.


Question: What is the home treatment for a chalazion?

Answer: After a few days the pain usually goes away and a bump or lump remains. One home remedy is to apply warm, moist heat to the area. Your doctor or nurse can give you instructions. Make sure you know how long and how often you should do this. With clean hands, gently push on the chalazia to help it naturally drain. Make the call if you think you have a chalazion. Your doctor may want to check it and tell you how to take care of it to help it heal.


Question: How is a chalazion diagnosed?

Answer: There are no special tests. Your doctor usually just checks your eyes. He'll probably ask you questions about your symptoms, past eye problems, and your health history in general. You may see either an ophthalmologist or optometrist, who'll check the chalazia to rule out other eye problems.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's vomiting?

Answer: If that doesn't help after a day or two, call your pediatrician. It could indicate an infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or, in rare cases, pyloric stenosis, a thickening of stomach muscles that requires surgery.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's cold?

Answer: And your little one can't tell you what's wrong. But call the doctor if your baby is so stuffed up she has trouble feeding or sleeping, if she seems especially cranky, or if nasal symptoms last longer than 10-14 days.


Question: When should I call my doctor about my newborn's diaper rash?

Answer: Fever in newborns may be due to a serious condition such as bacterial meningitis or sepsis, a bloodstream infection. A cold that doesn't get better.


Question: What causes pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Answer: A pulmonary embolism most often starts in your legs, in one of the veins that brings blood to your heart and lungs. This kind of serious, painful experience can leave you feeling sad or scared, especially if your recovery puts new limits on what you can do.


Question: How can pulmonary embolism (PE) affect your mental health?

Answer: It's a serious condition, and recovery can take weeks or months. You also should talk to your doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take.


Question: Why does caffeine affect insulin and blood sugar levels?

Answer: It can raise blood sugar and insulin levels for those with the disease. But they think it may work this way: Caffeine raises levels of certain stress hormones, like epinephrine (also called adrenaline). Epinephrine can prevent your cells from processing as much sugar. It may also keep your body from making as much insulin. It blocks a protein called adenosine. This molecule plays a big role in how much insulin your body makes. It also controls how your cells respond to it. Caffeine keeps adenosine from doing its job. It can't clear sugar from your blood as quickly. It takes a toll on your sleep. Too much caffeine can keep you awake. Lack of sleep may also lower your insulin sensitivity.


Question: How much caffeine is too much caffeine?

Answer: That's the amount in about one or two cups of brewed coffee or three or four cups of black tea. You may be able to handle more or less caffeine. People can have different reactions to the drug. Your response depends on things like your age and weight. The caffeine in a cup of java makes it tougher to control your blood sugar.


Question: What is athlete's foot?

Answer: Fungal infections of the skin are very common and include athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections. The fungus grows best in a warm, moist environment such as shoes, socks, swimming pools, locker rooms, and the floors of public showers. It is most common in the summer and in warm, humid climates. It occurs more often in people who wear tight shoes, stay in sweaty socks, and who use community baths and pools. However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea.


Question: What are the symptoms of ringworm?

Answer: It is often accompanied by scaly skin. There may be more than one patch of ringworm on the skin, and patches or red rings of rash may overlap. It is possible to have ringworm without having the common red ring of rash.


Question: Is jock itch contagious?

Answer: The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus. Yeast infections are not contagious.


Question: How is athlete's foot prevented?

Answer: Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the foot. Drying the feet thoroughly and using a quality foot powder can also help prevent athlete's foot.


Question: What are yeast infections?

Answer: Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea. They occur when yeast on the skin grows more actively and causes a red, scaling, itchy rash on the skin. Yeast infections are not contagious. Yeast infections may affect nearly any skin surface on the body, but are most likely to occur in warm, moist, creased areas including the armpits and the groin. Candida infection is especially common among people who are obese or who have diabetes. People taking antibiotics are also at risk. Candida can cause diaper rash in infants and can cause infections of the nail. Oral thrush is a form of candida infection that is found in the mouth. Candida also causes vaginal yeast infections.


Question: How are yeast infections diagnosed?

Answer: The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. Your doctor may scrape the skin to confirm the diagnosis under a microscope.


Question: What are the symptoms of athlete's foot?

Answer: However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus.


Question: How can testosterone and anabolic steroids help with treating AIDS wasting syndrome?

Answer: Some doctors don't recommend it though, because it can build body fat and slow the release of hormones from sex glands. They can also lower your good cholesterol ( HDL).


Question: How does tai chi and qi gong work to benefit my body?

Answer: The routines were not designed to burn calories or raise yourheart rate. Instead, both tai chi and qi gong are martial arts that can help your circulation, balance, and alignment. They can also help restore your energy, called chi or qi (pronounced "chee"). Qi gong and tai chi are relaxing ways to improve your flexibility and balance.


Question: Is there a vaccine to prevent shingles?

Answer: There are two shingles vaccines. Shingrix ( RZV) is recommended over the older vaccine, Zostavax, because it is more than 90% effective in preventing a shingles outbreak Who should get it: The CDC recommends that you get this vaccine if you're 50 or older whether or not you remember having had chickenpox, because most people have been exposed to the virus. You would need two shots for Shingrix. One initially, with a follow up in 6 months. What it does: Shingrix reduces your chance of getting shingles by more than 90%. Even if you still get shingles, the vaccine may help it be less painful.


Question: What over-the-counter medications can treat shingles?

Answer: Your doctor may want to put you on medications to control your infection and speed up healing, cut inflammation, and ease your pain. They include: Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen These may also help you stave off postherpetic neuralgia, which is a burning pain that some people get after the rash and blisters of shingles go away. Your doctor can tell you what the risks and benefits are.


Question: What are the side effects of the shingles vaccine?

Answer: If you have had the Zostavax vaccine, you can also have Shingrix. What are the side effects? Don't get the Shingrix vaccine if: You're allergic to any of the ingredients.


Question: Where does pustular psoriasis usually appear?

Answer: This is the most common type. When this happens, it can be very serious, so get medical attention right away.


Question: What should you know about the different types of psoriasis?

Answer: This is the most common type. You may hear your doctor call it "psoriasis vulgaris." Up to half of those with psoriasis have nail changes.


Question: Is itchiness related to my nerves?

Answer: Is There a Rash? Your nervous system can get confused when it's sick and accidentally tell the nerves on the skin to start itching when there's nothing there to cause it. But your skin may appear irritated if you've been scratching a lot. You can get it from: Shingles Multiple sclerosis Stroke Brain tumor Nerve damage Is It Psychological?


Question: What are common causes of rashes?

Answer: It's often hard to pin down just what's causing it. Is Your Skin Dry? If you start scratching and find a rash, it's likely the problem is in your skin. It can happen because of: Fungal and bacterial infections like impetigo and folliculitis. Bugs: When you get bitten by a mosquito or spider, you know it. Bites from bedbugs and mites can be harder to diagnose because they look like rashes. Lice can cause a crawling sensation in your scalp or pubic hair, along with an intense itch. Kids are more likely to get it if their family has a history of asthma and allergies. Certain food allergies can make it worse. So does scratching. Contact dermatitis: This itchy rash is caused by a reaction to something touching your skin. You may have to do some detective work to figure out where it's coming from. It could be the metals in your jewelry or the chemicals in cosmetics, toiletries, and cleaning products. Poison ivy is also a form of contact dermatitis. Stop using or wearing whatever you think might be the cause and see if the itching gets better.


Question: Is an itch a symptom of a deeper problem?

Answer: If your skin is dry, it will let you know with an itch. This itch can be a symptom of deeper problems.


Question: How do you ease the itch of dry skin?

Answer: Is Your Skin Dry? Use a humidifier. Make your shower quick, and don't use very hot water. Use mild soaps.


Question: How can I avoid spreading my flu to others?

Answer: Viruses are easy to spread in close quarters like offices. Cover your mouth with the inside of your elbow so you don't cough or sneeze into your hand.


Question: What causes bunions?

Answer: Bunions form at a joint. If one of your legs is longer than the other, you may develop a bunion on the big toe of the longer one. Women are more likely to get them than men. That's because wearing tight shoes -- and especially high heels -- pushes the foot bones into an unnatural shape over time.


Question: What causes scleroderma?

Answer: The problem is with your immune system, which causes your body to make too much of the protein collagen, an important part of your skin. There are two kinds of this as well: Limited scleroderma: It comes on slowly and affects the skin of the face, hands, and feet.


Question: What are the symptoms of a Baker's cyst?

Answer: They might not cause any symptoms, but symptoms of a Baker's cyst may include: Swelling behind your knee Swelling in your leg Knee pain Stiffness -- you won't be able to bend your knee Causes of a Baker's cyst may include: Swelling in the knee . Arthritis. You may not need any treatment for a Baker's cyst. They aren't dangerous and tend to go away on their own. Sometimes, the cysts break open. This can cause pain, swelling, and bruising on the back of your knee and calf. The pain might get worse when you fully extend your knee or when you're active.


Question: How do doctors treat Baker's cysts?

Answer: If these at-home treatments don't work, see your doctor. They may recommend one of the following: Steroids . These can help reduce inflammation. Aspiration. Your doctor can drain the cyst. They'll likely do it with the aid of an ultrasound. This treatment may not work if your case is severe. Surgery. If you're in serious pain or if the cyst makes it hard for you to move your knee, this might be an option. But it'll only work if your doctor also treats the issue that caused the Baker's cyst to begin with, such as arthritis. If your leg turns red or starts to swell, see your doctor right away. This could mean your Baker's cyst has burst.


Question: What causes a Baker's cyst?

Answer: They might not cause any symptoms, but symptoms of a Baker's cyst may include: Swelling behind your knee Swelling in your leg Knee pain Stiffness -- you won't be able to bend your knee Causes of a Baker's cyst may include: Swelling in the knee . This happens when the fluid that lubricates your knee joint increases. When pressure builds up, fluid squeezes into the back of the knee and creates the cyst. Arthritis. A sports-related injury or other blow to the knee can cause A Baker's cyst. Gout . This a type of arthritis, which results from the buildup of uric acid in the blood, can lead to a Baker's cyst.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with nerve pain?

Answer: Not only will these approaches relieve some of the stress caused by life with chronic nerve pain, but they may help with the pain itself. While making changes to your lifestyle is unlikely to eliminate your nerve pain, it might help -- especially when combined with other treatment. Eat a good diet. There's no special eating plan for nerve pain. But a well-balanced diet -- with lots of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains -- help to ensure that you're getting the nutrients you need. Your doctor might also recommend reducing the amount of alcohol you drink -- or cutting it out entirely. Get regular exercise. Many studies have shown that people with chronic pain who exercise feel less pain, have more energy, and have improved mood than those who don't. Don't smoke. In addition to all of its other bad effects, smoking can reduce the blood supply to the nerves and worsen nerve pain.


Question: What are some over-the-counter medications for nerve pain?

Answer: They include ingredients that work as a local anesthetic, numbing the pain in the area where you apply them. Some contain capsaicin, a painkiller derived from chili peppers. Painkilling medicines. Some people with neuropathic pain turn to familiar over-the-counter painkillers like acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen. While these drugs might help with mild or occasional pain, they're often not strong enough for serious nerve pain. If you are still in pain and want to take them for longer than that, you need to talk with your doctor -- it may be a sign that you need a different treatment. Supplements and vitamins. In some cases, nerve pain can be worsened -- or even caused -- by a deficiency of vitamin B12. If your doctor decides you need it, he or she might recommend injections of vitamin B12 or supplements. Your nonprescription options include more than over-the-counter medicines.


Question: What are non prescription treatments that I could try for nerve pain?

Answer: Here are some other treatments that you could try for your nerve pain. Acupuncture. This traditional Chinese approach has proven helpful for many kinds of pain. Researchers speculate that acupuncture might release chemicals that numb pain, or that that it blocks the pain signals sent from the nerves. Physical therapy. Nerve damage can lead to muscle weakness and wasting. Working with a physical therapist can help reverse that -- and might help reduce pain in the process. Massage. While the evidence that massage helps with chronic pain isn't clear, it has few risks. Some people find that it can be especially helpful with painful muscle spasms. Assistive devices. You might find that using assistive devices -- like canes or splints -- can make it easier to move around and reduce pain. Depending on your case, ergonomically designed chairs or desks could also bring relief. Biofeedback. This technique teaches you how to control bodily functions that are normally involuntary -- like heart rate and blood pressure. Hypnosis. There's some evidence that hypnosis can help with various types of chronic pain. Relaxation. Not only will these approaches relieve some of the stress caused by life with chronic nerve pain, but they may help with the pain itself.


Question: What are some wart-removal treatments for HPV (human papillomavirus)?

Answer: If you need treatment, your doctor can prescribe a cream that you can use at home. Among the options: Cryotherapy freezes off of the wart with liquid nitrogen. Trichloracetic acid is a chemical that's put on the surface of the wart. She can remove the cells surgically, with a scalpel. She can burn off warts using an electric current (electrocautery). A laser can vaporize the warts.


Question: How is HPV (human papillomavirus) diagnosed if you're a woman?

Answer: But if it doesn't go away by itself, and if it causes problems, your doctor can treat the symptoms of the infection. If your doctor finds that you have a type of HPV that can lead to cancer, she may suggest you get Pap tests more often to watch for signs of abnormal cell changes in the genital area. The goal is to remove all the abnormal cells, including most or all of the cells with HPV.


Question: How common are heart murmurs?

Answer: They occur in many healthy children, who may or may not outgrow them as adults. They may also occur during pregnancy. Such murmurs are called "innocent" heart murmurs. They are not associated with medical or heart conditions, and do not require treatment or lifestyle changes. Heart murmurs can be heard through a stethoscope and often are detected during routine physical exams. If your heart murmur is related to more serious heart problems, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist (heart specialist).


Question: What can you do to prevent migraines and related symptoms?

Answer: Many people who get migraines also have problems with their vision as well as dizziness or vertigo along with the headaches. Lower your stress level. Get regular exercise.


Question: Are migraines associated with dizziness or vertigo?

Answer: But they usually get much better or even disappear with treatment. Lifestyle changes, medications, and complementary therapies can help migraines and their related symptoms. Fortunately, these problems go away with it, but permanent vision loss may be a complication of this type of migraine. In fact, some people who have vertigo with their migraines also have other ear and hearing problems such as sound sensitivity and ringing in their ears.


Question: What are the symptoms of a retinal migraine?

Answer: About 1 in 4 people who suffer from migraines will get an aura, which often includes visual symptoms: Blind spots Flashing lights Spots of light Wavy lines in your field of vision Vision problems usually start 20 minutes to an hour before the headache. Even if you don't get an aura, the headache itself may cause vision trouble. Other serious conditions, such as optic nerve problems or a tear in the immediately to rule them out.


Question: Do migraines cause dizziness?

Answer: A retinal migraine causes a variety of visual symptoms, possibly blindness in one eye, before and during the headache. Dizziness and vertigo are more common when you have migraines with aura. Some people who have migraine-related vertigo don't get this symptom until several years after their headache episodes begin.


Question: What other problems do people with migraines get?

Answer: But they usually get much better or even disappear with treatment. Lifestyle changes, medications, and complementary therapies can help migraines and their related symptoms. Fortunately, these problems go away with it, but permanent vision loss may be a complication of this type of migraine. In fact, some people who have vertigo with their migraines also have other ear and hearing problems such as sound sensitivity and ringing in their ears.


Question: What visual symptoms do you get from a retinal migraine?

Answer: These effects can be scary and troubling. Migraines are one of the leading causes of dizziness.


Question: When should I call 911 about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

Answer: If you think you may have one, call your doctor right away. Call 911 if you have any trouble breathing, feel like you are going to pass out, or have a seizure. This can improve anemia, lower or stop the need for blood transfusions, and reduce blood clots.


Question: What are the treatments for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

Answer: Would a bone marrow transplant help me? Most treatments for PNH aim to ease symptoms and prevent problems. Your treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms and disease are. If you have only a few symptoms from anemia, you may need: Folic acid to help your bone marrow make more normal blood cells Iron supplements to make more red blood cells Other treatments include: Blood transfusions.


Question: Where did paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) get its name?

Answer: You can get paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ( PNH) at any age. It happens in up to 50% of people with PNH. Usually, the more of the faulty blood cells you have in your body, the more the condition will affect you.


Question: How can paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) affect pregnancy?

Answer: Most treatments for PNH aim to ease symptoms and prevent problems. Your treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms and disease are. Talk with other people who know what you're going through.


Question: What can you ask your doctor about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

Answer: The condition affects everyone differently. For others, it's much more severe. What medications do you take? You will get routine blood tests. What is my level of PNH cells? Will I feel differently over time? What are my treatment options? How will we know if the treatment is working? Would a bone marrow transplant help me? If so, how do I find a good match for a transplant? Can I take part in a clinical trial? Will I be able to have children? Ask your doctor what's involved and what you should consider before you sign up.


Question: How can you treat aches, pain, and fever?

Answer: You can treat many common symptoms of colds, the flu, and sinus infections with over-the-counter medications and some simple self-care. These medications can fight fevers and chills, ease headaches, and soothe sore throats and body aches. You don't want to take more medication than you need.


Question: What parts of the brain do MRI scans look at?

Answer: The scan can give doctors information about the structure of the brain and brain chemicals to help them find the cause of your headaches. An MRI can't diagnose migraines, cluster, or tension headaches, but it can help doctors rule out other medical conditions that may cause your symptoms, such as: A brain tumor An infection in your brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, called hydrocephalus Spinal cord problems, such as a herniated disc Strokes Injuries Yes.


Question: What medical conditions can an MRI help doctors rule out?

Answer: The scan can give doctors information about the structure of the brain and brain chemicals to help them find the cause of your headaches. An MRI can't diagnose migraines, cluster, or tension headaches, but it can help doctors rule out other medical conditions that may cause your symptoms, such as: A brain tumor An infection in your brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, called hydrocephalus Spinal cord problems, such as a herniated disc Strokes Injuries Yes.


Question: How does an influenza pandemic occur?

Answer: An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people. This means humans have little or no immunity to it. Everyone is at risk. The virus spreads easily from person to person, such as through sneezing or coughing. The virus begins to cause serious illness worldwide. With past flu pandemics, the virus reached all parts of the globe within six to nine months. With the speed of air travel today, public health experts believe an influenza pandemic could spread much more quickly. A pandemic can occur in waves. And all parts of the world may not be affected at the same time.


Question: What should I do if I think I may have swine flu?

Answer: Avoid crowded places as much as you can and stay home if you show signs of illness. If you seek care, contact your health care provider by phone or report illness before going to a clinic or the hospital. If you have severe symptoms like difficulty in breathing, then you should seek immediate attention. Wear a face mask if you must go into a crowded place. If you do not have a face mask, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or tissue when coughing or sneezing. If possible, have just one person care for you to minimize contact with others. The ones currently recommended are: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Peramivir ( Rapivab) If you are already sick and it has been less than 48 hours since the onset of symptoms, an antiviral drug may help by: Making you feel better faster Keeping you from getting seriously ill Preventing serious complications If you have been exposed to influenza, an antiviral drug may be about 70%-90% effective in preventing illness.


Question: What are some precautions about taking hawthorn?

Answer: Native Americans, Europeans, and Chinese people have long used the hawthorn shrub, including its fruit, leaves, and flowers, as a remedy for health problems. Blood pressure. More research is needed. Side effects. Dizziness is the most common side effect. Also avoid using hawthorn if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, as little is known about its safety in these cases. Hawthorn may increase the effect of certain drugs.


Question: What is hawthorn and why do people take it?

Answer: Native Americans, Europeans, and Chinese people have long used the hawthorn shrub, including its fruit, leaves, and flowers, as a remedy for health problems. Problems like coronary heart disease and high blood pressure can lead to heart failure. More research is needed. The fruits are also canned and processed into jam, candy, and drinks. Unwanted effects from hawthorn seem to be rare.


Question: Does hawthorn help lower blood pressure?

Answer: But hawthorn can interact with many different types of blood pressure medications. More research is needed. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: Does hawthorn help if you have heart failure?

Answer: But other studies have shown no benefit. There have also been reports of increased rates of death and hospitalization. More research is needed. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: What are side effects of hawthorn?

Answer: Side effects. Other side effects include: Agitation Digestive distress Fast heart rate Fatigue Headache Nausea Skin outbreaks Sweating Trouble breathing Trouble sleeping Risks. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: How often should I check my blood sugar if I have diabetes?

Answer: It can help you decide what to eat and whether your medication needs to be adjusted. It can also help you steer clear of diabetes-related problems like: Heart disease Stroke High blood pressure High cholesterol Blindness Kidney disease Skin problems Self- Checking: Give yourself a blood sugar test as often as your doctor advises. You'll still need to check your levels throughout the day; continuous glucose monitoring doesn't replace that.


Question: What is non surgical spinal decompression therapy?

Answer: Spinal decompression works by gently stretching the spine. That changes the force and position of the spine. This change takes pressure off the spinal disks, which are gel-like cushions between the bones in your spine, by creating negative pressure in the disc. As a result, bulging or herniated disks may retract, taking pressure off nerves and other structures in your spine. This in turn, helps promote movement of water, oxygen, and nutrient-rich fluids into the disks so they can heal. Surgery may help relieve symptoms from pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, including: Pain Numbness Tingling Weakness Your doctor may suggest one or more types of back surgeries to relieve the pressure in your spine.


Question: What are tips to keep your active child hydrated?

Answer: Drink water. Kids should drink plenty of fluids before sports or playing outdoors. By the time a child gets thirsty, he or she may already be dehydrated. What to avoid: Caffeinated beverages (sodas, iced tea). Caffeine is a diuretic, meaning the kid might have to pee more, causing him to lose more fluid and become dehydrated even quicker.


Question: What can cause mental illness?

Answer: Some mental illnesses have been linked to abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular brain regions. Psychological factors that may contribute to mental illness include: Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent Neglect Poor ability to relate to others Certain stressors can trigger an illness in a person who is susceptible to mental illness.


Question: When is a carcinoembryonic antigen test usually done?

Answer: You might get the test: After your diagnosis to help your doctor find the right treatment During treatment to see how well chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or other therapies have worked After treatment to help find out whether the cancer has come back You don't need to do anything ahead of time. Your doctor will explain your test results to you.


Question: What is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?

Answer: It measures a protein called CEA in the blood. After birth, levels drop way down. Healthy adults have a very low level, but some types of cancer can cause it to rise. Your doctor can use CEA as a âmarkerâ to learn more about your cancer. But high levels of CEA do not always mean you have cancer.


Question: What is a carcinoembryonic antigen test?

Answer: One way they can do that is with a carcinoembryonic antigen test. It measures a protein called CEA in the blood. People with some types of cancers have higher than normal levels of this substance. This test helps your doctor find out if yours has grown and whether your treatment has worked. You might get the test: After your diagnosis to help your doctor find the right treatment During treatment to see how well chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or other therapies have worked After treatment to help find out whether the cancer has come back You don't need to do anything ahead of time. Sometimes doctors will test CEA levels in another bodily fluid, such as: Cerebrospinal (from the spine) Peritoneal (from the abdomen) Pleural (from the area next to the lungs) You may need to go to a hospital for these tests.


Question: What happens in central diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Central diabetes insipidus is completely unrelated to diabetes, even though they share the symptoms of peeing more and feeling thirsty. The disease happens when the body doesn't make enough of the hormone vasopressin, which controls how much urine the kidneys put out. Without vasopressin, the kidneys can't work properly. As a result, the body loses a lot of water, quickly, in diluted urine. This makes people very thirsty, so they drink lots of water. Anyone can get central DI, but it's not common. Only about 1 in every 25,000 people gets it.


Question: What is central diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Central diabetes insipidus is completely unrelated to diabetes, even though they share the symptoms of peeing more and feeling thirsty. It's also called "central DI," "pituitary DI," "hypothalamic DI," "neurohypophyseal DI," or "neurogenic DI." The disease happens when the body doesn't make enough of the hormone vasopressin, which controls how much urine the kidneys put out. Without vasopressin, the kidneys can't work properly. As a result, the body loses a lot of water, quickly, in diluted urine. This makes people very thirsty, so they drink lots of water.


Question: What is turf toe?

Answer: Turf toe is a sprain to the ligaments around the big toe joint, which works primarily as a hinge to permit up and down motion. Just behind the big toe joint in the ball of your foot are two pea-shaped bones embedded in the tendon that moves your big toe called sesamoids. It is most commonly seen in athletes playing on artificial surfaces, which are harder than grass surfaces and to which cleats are more likely to stick.


Question: How long does a birth control implant work?

Answer: You can use a birth control implant for up to 3 years. While you're in the office they'll: Mark the spot on your arm where the implant is Clean the area to prevent infection Give you a shot with medicine to numb the site Make a small cut at the top of the implant and remove it It could take as long as 20 minutes if there's a lot of scar tissue in the area. If the doctor can't easily find the implant, they might take an X-ray to locate it.


Question: How does Alzheimer's disease affect the brain?

Answer: Most of the time, the brain cells also form two types of flaws: Neurofibrillary tangles. These are twisted fibers inside brain cells that keep nutrients and other important things from moving from one part of the cell to another Beta-amyloid plaques. These changes cause the symptoms of Alzheimer's, such as memory loss, speech problems, confusion, and mood swings. Brain cells affected by the disease also make lower amounts of the chemicals called neurotransmitters that nerves use to send messages to each other.


Question: How will the vet diagnose my pet with a sprain or strain?

Answer: Imagine doing that all day and you’ll have a better idea of the weight and stress your dog puts on his muscles and joints. She’ll want to see him walk, sit, and lie down. She may take X-rays or do an MRI or ultrasound to get a look at damage that can’t be seen from the outside. X-rays show problems with bones. The other kinds of images are better for seeing tissue damage.


Question: How do you treat a dog's sprain or  strain?

Answer: In a typical plan to treat strains and sprains, your vet may tell you to: Give your dog nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) to ease inflammation. Apply an ice pack or heating pad. Make sure your dog rests. Walk your dog on a leash, taking it slowly at first. Use a brace or support to hold your dog’s muscle or joint in place. Try physical therapy, such as walk on an underwater or land treadmill, balancing on a ball or board. Massage the area. Put your dog on a diet.


Question: What should you know about sleeping positions?

Answer: Even if your bedtime changes nightly, or you wake up at wildly different times each morning, there's probably one position that's your favorite for slumber. Unfortunately, the position that you find most comfortable might end up causing health problems, ranging from aches to sleep apnea. Learn about the pros and cons of common ways to sleep, and discover easy tips on making each position a little bit better for you. You're on your back for this one, too, but your legs are spread apart and your arms are bent up on either side of your head.


Question: When should you make a change in your sleeping position?

Answer: If you're snoring or have sleep apnea, it's best to sleep on your side. Invest in a new supportive mattress, if you're wanting to sleep on your back, or a contour pillow for between your knees, if you're switching to your side.


Question: What should you know about the stomach flu?

Answer: It's also highly contagious. What treatments will make life with the stomach flu a little less awful? More importantly, how can you avoid getting it in the first place? The most awful symptoms -- diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps -- are actually your body's defense mechanisms. The viruses that cause gastroenteritis come from contact with an infected person's stool.


Question: What can you do to protect yourself from stomach flu?

Answer: Your body is trying to drive the virus out. It's important to take steps to protect yourself and your family. Here's some advice. Make sure to use soap and water and do it thoroughly -- wash your hands for as long as it takes to recite the alphabet. Always wash your hands after using the bathroom, before eating, and after changing a diaper. Use hand sanitizer. If you're not near a sink to wash your hands, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Be aware that hand sanitizer may not be as effective as hand washing at preventing the stomach flu. Wipe down surfaces. If a family member has the stomach flu, wash off high-traffic areas -- such as the bathroom, door knobs, phones, and TV remotes -- with a diluted bleach solution. If it's possible, keep healthy people out of the bathroom the sick person is using. Make sure your kids get their vaccines. Vaccines for rotavirus can protect children from some types of stomach flu. Kids usually get the vaccines before they are age 2.


Question: What causes macular dystrophy?

Answer: It's caused by a pigment that builds up in the macula's cells. Over time, this substance can damage cells that play a key role in clear central vision. Changes in the BEST1 gene cause Best disease and sometimes adult-onset macular retinal dystrophy. Mutations in the PRPH2 gene cause adult-onset macular retinal dystrophy. We don't know how these gene changes cause pigment buildup in the macula. Doctors also don't know why only central vision is harmed.


Question: If my parent had glaucoma, will I get it?

Answer: Not necessarily, but it does increase your risk. Other factors that may increase your risk are: Being over age 50 Being over age 40 and African- American Having a family history of glaucoma Having a history of serious eye injury Taking steroid medications Having diabetes Being nearsighted Having high blood pressure People with these risk factors should have their eyes examined on a regular basis to look for the disease. Note: Medications for glaucoma -- even eye drops -- can affect the entire body, so you should alert all of your doctors that you are taking them, as well as report all of your medical conditions to your eye doctor.


Question: How do I know if a tumor is adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: She'll take a small sample of the tumor, either after making a small cut or with a needle. A pathologist, a doctor who specializes in the study of diseases, will study the sample to look for signs of cancer. These kinds of tumors can take different forms. They can be solid or round and hollow like a tube, or cribriform, which means they have holes in them like Swiss cheese. The solid tumors usually grow faster. The usual treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma is surgery followed by radiation treatments.


Question: What should be expected after treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: Sometimes, part of a nerve may have to be removed to get all the cancer out. Tumors may come back years later, either in the same place or, more likely, somewhere else -- usually in your lungs. Most people who have adenoid cystic carcinoma live at least 5 years after their diagnosis. After your treatment, you'll need regular checkups to look for signs of new tumors. This can involve X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, depending on your diagnosis.


Question: What is adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: These are under your tongue and on each side of your jaw below the jawbone. But it also can occur in other parts of your mouth and throat or other areas of your body, such as your sweat glands or tear glands. He'll look at that tissue to make sure the cancer hasn't spread beyond the tumor.


Question: What tests are done for adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: A pathologist, a doctor who specializes in the study of diseases, will study the sample to look for signs of cancer. You might have one of these tests: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Powerful magnets and radio waves are used to make detailed images. CT scan (computerized tomography): Several X-rays taken from different angles are put together to show more information. PET scan (positron emission tomography): Radiation is used to make 3-dimensional color images.


Question: What causes adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: It may be linked to some carcinogens, like pollution or asbestos. The usual treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma is surgery followed by radiation treatments.


Question: Does acupuncture work to relieve neuropathy pain?

Answer: Research shows that meditation can lower blood pressure and improve heart rate, breathing, and brain waves. Many Western researchers say acupuncture may alter brain chemicals that affect the body and mind.


Question: How can I relieve neuropathy pain?

Answer: Your breathing pattern is often affected by changes in emotions. That's why managing your breathing is an important tool for relaxation. By becoming familiar with your own breathing patterns, you can learn to control your breathing, stress level, and pain as well. It's important to make sure you go to well-trained and experienced acupuncturist.


Question: How can I learn to meditate to relieve diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: A teacher can guide you -- and help you reach that deeper, more relaxed state. By becoming familiar with your own breathing patterns, you can learn to control your breathing, stress level, and pain as well.


Question: What are alternative treatments for diabetes nerve pain?

Answer: A massage can also help. Other people turn to biofeedback, meditation, relaxation techniques, or hypnosis -- all of which have been proven to help. " Stress can make neuropathy pain worse, so it is important to learn to relax. A growing number of people are using acupuncture to treat neuropathy pain linked with diabetes and other health-related problems. It's important to make sure you go to well-trained and experienced acupuncturist.


Question: How does biofeedback work to relieve diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: The squiggly lines and/or beeps on the attached monitors reflect what's going on inside your body. Then you learn to control those beeps and squiggles. After a few sessions, your mind has trained your biological system to learn the skills. It is not hard to master, say experts. Picture relaxation entering your body -- and tension leaving the body.


Question: How can private care aides help you deal with caregiver burnout?

Answer: Don't forget about yourself because you're too busy caring for someone else. Private care aides -- These are professionals who specialize in assessing current needs and coordinating care and services.


Question: How can adult day care help you deal with caregiver burnout?

Answer: Don't forget about yourself because you're too busy caring for someone else. If you want to help prevent burnout, consider turning to the following resources for help with your caregiving: Home health services -- These agencies provide home health aids and nurses for short-term care, if your loved one is acutely ill. Adult day care-- These programs offer a place for seniors to socialize, engage in a variety of activities, and receive needed medical care and other services.


Question: How can home health services help you deal with caregiver burnout?

Answer: Don't forget about yourself because you're too busy caring for someone else. Take advantage of respite care services. If you want to help prevent burnout, consider turning to the following resources for help with your caregiving: Home health services -- These agencies provide home health aids and nurses for short-term care, if your loved one is acutely ill. Some agencies provide short-term respite care.


Question: What are some reasons for caregiver burnout?

Answer: Lack of control -- Many caregivers become frustrated by a lack of money, resources, and skills to effectively plan, manage, and organize their loved one's care. Unreasonable demands -- Some caregivers place unreasonable burdens upon themselves, in part because they see providing care as their exclusive responsibility. Here are some steps you can take to help prevent caregiver burnout: Find someone you trust -- such as a friend, co-worker, or neighbor -- to talk to about your feelings and frustrations. Be realistic about your loved one's disease, especially if it is a progressive disease such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. The more you know about the illness, the more effective you will be in caring for the person with the illness.


Question: What is caregiver burnout?

Answer: Caregiver burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that may be accompanied by a change in attitude -- from positive and caring to negative and unconcerned. Many caregivers also feel guilty if they spend time on themselves rather than on their ill or elderly loved ones. The more you know about the illness, the more effective you will be in caring for the person with the illness.


Question: What are the symptoms of caregiver burnout?

Answer: They may include: Withdrawal from friends and family Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed Feeling blue, irritable, hopeless, and helpless Changes in appetite, weight, or both Changes in sleep patterns Getting sick more often Feelings of wanting to hurt yourself or the person for whom you are caring Emotional and physical exhaustion Excessive use of alcohol and/or sleep medications Irritability Call 911 or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 if you think you might hurt yourself or anyone else. Other factors that can lead to caregiver burnout include: Role confusion -- Many people are confused when thrust into the role of caregiver.


Question: How can nursing homes or assisted living facilities help you deal with caregiver burnout?

Answer: Don't forget about yourself because you're too busy caring for someone else. Nursing homes or assisted living facilities -- These institutions sometimes offer short-term respite stays to provide caregivers a break from their caregiving responsibilities.


Question: How is trisomy 13 diagnosed?

Answer: But it's better that you know everything you can about this chromosomal disorder as early in your pregnancy as possible. That way you can discuss all of your options with your doctor and determine what's best for you and your baby. They only alert your doctor that your baby is more likely to have trisomy 13, and that you need more tests to confirm it.


Question: What are the symptoms of trisomy 13?

Answer: Trisomy 13 is a genetic disorder that your baby gets when she has an extra 13th chromosome. Other birth defects of trisomy 13 include: Clenched hands Cleft lip or palate Extra fingers or toes (polydactyly) Hernias Kidney, wrist, or scalp problems Low-set ears Small head (microcephaly) Undescended testes Babies born with trisomy 13 can have many health problems, and more than 80% don't survive more than a few weeks. However, babies born with trisomy 13 rarely live into their teens.


Question: What is primary bone sarcoma?

Answer: Benign tumors are more common than tumors caused by cancer. Cancers that commonly spread to bone include: Breast cancer Prostate cancer Lung cancer Primary bone cancer, or bone sarcoma, is a cancerous tumor that starts in the bone. The cause is not certain, but heredity may play a role. Radiation therapy or cancer drugs may raise your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: What is primary bone sarcoma and what causes it?

Answer: Benign tumors are more common than tumors caused by cancer. Cancers that commonly spread to bone include: Breast cancer Prostate cancer Lung cancer Primary bone cancer, or bone sarcoma, is a cancerous tumor that starts in the bone. The cause is not certain, but heredity may play a role. Radiation therapy or cancer drugs may raise your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: What is natural menopause?

Answer: For women undergoing natural menopause, the process is described in three stages: perimenopause (premenopause), menopause, and postmenopause. Additionally, even if the ovaries are damaged, the damage is not always permanent.


Question: What's causing my intractable hiccups?

Answer: Finding a cause for your intractable hiccups may be a long process. Intractable hiccups are not inherited, as most cases pop up in people without any family history. You'll have to talk to your doctor about your medical history and may have to go through blood tests, imaging, and other lab studies to find the cause. In rare cases, medication may not be effective in treating hiccups.


Question: What are the symptoms of gallstones?

Answer: You might not even know you have them until they block a bile duct, causing pain that you need to get treated right away. But if you do get symptoms, they usually include: Pain in your upper belly and upper back that can last for several hours Nausea Vomiting Other digestive problems, including bloating, indigestion and heartburn, and gas If your doctor thinks you may have gallstones, he'll give you a physical exam.


Question: What are the different types of gallstones?

Answer: These are usually yellow-green in color. They're the most common kind, accounting for 80% of gallstones. Pigment stones. These stones are smaller and darker. They're made up of bilirubin, which comes from bile, a fluid your liver makes and your gallbladder stores. There are two different kinds of operations.


Question: What causes gallstones?

Answer: Your body needs bile, but if it has too much cholesterol in it, that makes gallstones more likely. It can also happen if your gallbladder can't empty properly. Pigment stones are more common in people with certain medical conditions, such as cirrhosis (a liver disease) or blood diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Specialized X-rays allow your doctor to see inside your body, including your gallbladder.


Question: How many children in the United States have mental illness?

Answer: In any given year, 20% of American children will be diagnosed with a mental illness. Symptoms in children vary depending on the type of mental illness, but some of the general symptoms include: Abuse of drugs and/or alcohol Inability to cope with daily problems and activities Changes in sleeping and/or eating habits Excessive complaints of physical ailments Defying authority, skipping school, stealing, or damaging property Intense fear of gaining weight Long-lasting negative moods, often accompanied by poor appetite and thoughts of death Frequent outbursts of anger Changes in school performance, such as getting poor grades despite good efforts Loss of interest in friends and activities they usually enjoy Significant increase in time spent alone Excessive worrying or anxiety Hyperactivity Persistent nightmares or night terrors Persistent disobedience or aggressive behavior Hearing voices or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations) The exact cause of most mental disorders is not known, but research suggests that a combination of factors, including heredity, biology, psychological trauma, and environmental stress, might be involved.


Question: Why are blood clots important?

Answer: Most of the time, your body breaks down the clot after your wound has healed. But sometimes, they don't dissolve on their own. Other times, clots form inside your blood vessels for no reason. When this happens, it can lead to serious health problems. There are two main types of clots: Thrombus: Blood clots can be stationary. That means they don't move. Embolus : Blood clots can also break loose. Doctors call these embolisms. They're dangerous because they can travel to other parts of the body Clots are also classified by where they form. This type of blood clot is a medical emergency. Call 911 if you have pain, swelling, or tenderness in your leg, and: You can't breathe.


Question: What is minoxidil and how can it help thinning hair?

Answer: This is the only over-the-counter medication for hair loss approved by the FDA for use by both men and women. It won't rescue a receding hairline. It does stimulate hair growth, although scientists aren't quite sure how it works. Minoxidil is available as Rogaine or Theroxidil, or in generic form. It's sold as a liquid or foam and in two strengths: 2% and 5%. Effectiveness: Minoxidil works for about 2 out of 3 men. It's most effective if you're under age 40 and have only recently started to lose your hair. What it doesn't do: Minoxidil does not cure baldness. If you stop using it, you will start losing hair again. Your hair may fall out faster than before. Side effects: You may have redness, itching, dryness, flaking, or other scalp irritation, though this is uncommon. It's more likely if you use the stronger 5% solution.


Question: When should you see a doctor about hair loss?

Answer: If you stop taking it, you will lose hair again. It may be caused by illnesses, medicine, or low levels of iron or vitamin D.


Question: What is biotin and low level laser therapy (LLLT), and how can it help thinning hair?

Answer: Biotin is a B vitamin that is essential for your health. No scientific studies have shown biotin to prevent or treat hair loss. You may have heard that laser combs, brushes, hoods, and caps can help halt hair loss. But there's not enough evidence that any of these devices restore hair or prevent balding.


Question: Can you do yoga if you have breast cancer?

Answer: Complementary treatments can also help you feel empowered. Tai chi and qigong are both from China and are based on manipulating energy through gentle movement, a focus on breathing, and meditation. Women with breast cancer -- especially after surgery -- should look for a gentle style of yoga. Precautions: More athletic styles of yoga, such as power yoga, work the upper body. Depending on the type of treatment, these may not be good for some women. If you've had lymph nodes removed under one arm, there may be a risk of lymphedema. Ask your doctor these basic questions: What are the proven benefits of this complementary treatment?


Question: Do herbs, supplements, and botanicals help treat breast cancer?

Answer: That's because there is a risk of swelling and excess fluid, a condition called lymphedema. Precautions: Talk with your doctor before taking any vitamin, mineral, or herbal supplements, especially in high doses. This includes garlic capsules, ginseng, ginkgo, soy, and valerian. Some of these supplements can affect cancer treatment. For example, St. John's wort, which is used for depression, can block certain cancer drugs. High doses of vitamin C, an antioxidant, can change the way chemotherapy and radiation affect your body.


Question: How might meditation, journaling, music therapy, and support groups help a woman with breast cancer?

Answer: Many CAM therapies are based on the idea that a natural, vital "bioenergy" exists. Meditation, journaling, music or art therapy, guided imagery, and joining a breast cancer support group all help you relax. They make you feel less alone and help create a positive mental and physical state. Many women also use healing prayers and affirmations -- perhaps the most popular form of mind-body medicine.


Question: How does the doctor determine the results of the rheumatoid factor blood test?

Answer: If you have the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, swelling, and stiff joints, your doctor may use the rheumatoid factor blood test to help diagnose it. And it's found in people with other immune system conditions like lupus and Sjogren's syndrome. People with chronic infections like viral hepatitis can have it too.


Question: How does someone prepare for the rheumatoid factor blood test?

Answer: But even if the test results show you have a high level of it, your doctor will want to do other tests before he makes a diagnosis. If you have questions, talk to your doctor before the test. If you feel faint or nauseated, let your doctor know.


Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis related to rheumatoid factor?

Answer: But even if the test results show you have a high level of it, your doctor will want to do other tests before he makes a diagnosis. He will also examine you and may order other types of lab tests, such as X-rays, an MRI, an ultrasound, or other scans. Remember, sometimes the rheumatoid factor is also found in the blood of healthy people.


Question: What does it mean if someone has high levels of rheumatoid factor?

Answer: But even if the test results show you have a high level of it, your doctor will want to do other tests before he makes a diagnosis. He will also examine you and may order other types of lab tests, such as X-rays, an MRI, an ultrasound, or other scans. Remember, sometimes the rheumatoid factor is also found in the blood of healthy people.


Question: How does ultrasound imaging work?

Answer: Ultrasound, also called sonography, uses sound waves to develop ultrasound images of what's going on inside the body. An instrument called a transducer emits high-frequency sound, inaudible to human ears, and then records the echoes as the sound waves bounce back to determine the size, shape, and consistency of soft tissues and organs. This technology can help diagnose and treat certain conditions. Depending on the type of ultrasound test you are having, your doctor may offer special instructions, such as not eating or drinking anything for a number of hours before the test. Often a technician will discuss what he or she is seeing during the test, but in some instances, you may need to wait to discuss the findings with your doctor.


Question: What should I do if I have a psoriasis flare-up on my hands or feet?

Answer: He'll work with you until you find something that helps. Psoriasis on these areas is most likely to show up on the palms and soles. This is called palmar-plantar psoriasis. But it can also appear on the tops of your feet, backs of your hands, and on knuckles and nails. Hands and feet psoriasis ( HFP) can also cause your skin to: Crack or split Thicken Redden Scale Swell Blister or have pimple-like spots (pustules) Here are some common ways to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet and relieve your symptoms.


Question: What foods and drinks should you avoid if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should avoid alcohol, which can interfere with some chemotherapy drugs. Avoid deli meats. Get plenty of rest.


Question: What do you need to know about acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Eat right, stay active, and get support if you need it. Also, drink plenty of fluids so you don't get dehydrated, especially if you're vomiting or you have diarrhea. Exercise might be the furthest thing from your mind if you feel weak and weary. If your cancer and its treatment feel overwhelming, get help.


Question: What should you eat if you have acute myeloid leukemia and you need to gain weight?

Answer: Eat right, stay active, and get support if you need it. And if it hurts to eat, drink high-protein, high-calorie shakes or smoothies.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose scleritis?

Answer: You also might feel tenderness in your eye, along with pain that goes from your eye to your jaw, face, or head. He'll look closely at the inside and outside of your eye with a special lamp that shines a beam of light into your eye. He may work with your primary care doctor to use blood tests or imaging tests to check for other problems that might be related to scleritis. Because it's usually related to autoimmune disorders, your doctor may suggest that you see a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in autoimmune conditions).


Question: What is anterior scleritis?

Answer: Posterior: This is when the back of your sclera is inflamed. Most of the time, though, a prescription medication called a corticosteroid is needed to treat the inflammation.


Question: What causes scleritis?

Answer: Some of those that are linked to scleritis include: Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus Sjogren's syndrome Scleroderma Wegener's granuloma Inflammatory bowel disease It also can be caused by an eye infection, an injury to your eye, or a fungus or parasite. If an autoimmune disorder is causing your scleritis, your doctor may give you medicine that slows down your immune system or treats that disorder in another way.


Question: What are interactions of SAM-e?

Answer: SAM-e has also been used to treat depression for many years. If you have any medical issues, check with a doctor before you start using SAM-e supplements. SAM-e could also interact with some prescription painkillers, cough medicines, and treatments for diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Patients taking MAOIs should not use SAM-e without discussing it with their doctor.


Question: How should you prepare for shoulder replacement surgery?

Answer: Before you get your new shoulder, you'll likely get a full physical exam and X-rays or other imaging tests so the surgeon can get a look at the joint. Talk to your doctor about any other conditions you have and any medications you take. You'll have to stop taking certain drugs, especially narcotic painkillers, several weeks before surgery. You may have to cut back on drinking and get more exercise, too. If you smoke, you'll be asked to quit. You can expect to spend 2 to 5 days in the hospital after your operation before going home.


Question: What happens after shoulder replacement surgery?

Answer: It's a major surgery that'll keep you in the hospital for several days. Before you get your new shoulder, you'll likely get a full physical exam and X-rays or other imaging tests so the surgeon can get a look at the joint. Your arm will be in a sling for most of your recovery. It may be 6 weeks or more before you can drive again. In the year after your surgery, you'll have several follow-up visits with your doctor so she can see how your recovery is going.


Question: What are possible side effects from 3-D conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer?

Answer: See Radioactive Seed Implants for more about this type of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Hair loss may occur in the area being radiated. Nausea and vomiting are uncommon unless the upper abdominal areas are radiated. Mild fatigue. Frequent urination, a weak urine stream, or a mild burning with urination. Diarrhea, though uncontrolled diarrhea is rare. Because the radiation beam passes through normal tissues, such as the rectum, bladder, and intestines on its way to the prostate, it kills some healthy cells. This is why diarrhea may result. Possible long-term problems, including proctitis (inflammation of the rectum) with bleeding, bowel problems such as diarrhea, incontinence, and impotence.


Question: How does radiation therapy treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Internal radiation therapy places radioactive implants directly into the tumor. See Radioactive Seed Implants for more about this type of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. These skin reactions are common and temporary. This therapy may be able to deliver more radiation specifically to a prostate cancer tumor with less damage to normal tissue.


Question: What mouth infections are linked to dentures?

Answer: Some people who wear dentures get mouth infections, such as: Cheilitis. Both cheilitis and stomatitis can be treated with medicine and proper denture care.


Question: What are tips for when you first start to wear dentures?

Answer: Here are some ways to treat various denture problems: Make sure your dentures fit. Never try to adjust your dentures yourself. Speak slowly. If you are having trouble eating, follow these tips: Take small bites of soft foods, such as eggs and yogurt. Don't eat anything sticky. Chew your food slowly. In time, you should be able to eat most foods. When your dentures are not in your mouth, store them in a denture-cleaning solution or warm water.


Question: What is stage fright (performance anxiety)?

Answer: Athletes, musicians, actors, and public speakers often get performance anxiety. Performance anxiety can prevent you from doing what you enjoy and can affect your career. Worst of all, performance anxiety can negatively affect your self-esteem and self-confidence. Although it may be impossible to totally overcome performance anxiety, there are many things you can do to control your emotions and reduce anxiety. Keep in mind that stage fright is usually worse before the performance and often goes away once you get started.


Question: How can you overcome performance anxiety?

Answer: Although it may be impossible to totally overcome performance anxiety, there are many things you can do to control your emotions and reduce anxiety. There are also mental tricks you can play to help you perform with less anxiety. These include: Focus on the friendliest faces in the audience. Laugh when you can, it can help you relax. Make yourself look good. When you look good, you feel good. In addition, beta-blockers such as propranolol that lower the heart rate and block the effects of adrenaline are sometimes used by people with performance anxiety. Confronting your fears and learning ways to reduce and manage them can be empowering. Not only will it make you feel good about yourself, you may discover that you are a more confident performer, too.


Question: What should you know about mold problems?

Answer: Whether or not you're allergic to molds, mold exposure can irritate your eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs. In people with asthma who are allergic to mold, breathing in spores can also cause asthma attacks. Avoid leaving damp towels on the floor or in laundry hamper.


Question: How can you protect your nose after perforated nasal septum surgery?

Answer: Typically, he'll take tissue from your nose, or even your mouth, to cover the hole. They'll stay in for a week or two. To protect your nose as it heals, it's best to: Not lift heavy things or bend over Not pick your nose or blow it too hard Rinse with saline as often as your doctor tells you to Sneeze with your mouth open Stay away from contact sports Most of the time, you'll feel back to normal within a few weeks.


Question: Is there a vaccine to prevent genital warts?

Answer: You get it as three injections over a 6-month period. You must get the shots before you're exposed to HPV in order for it to work. The vaccine won't protect you if you've already been infected with certain HPV strains, but it can protect you from many other, but not all types of HPV you have not been exposed to. Get the HPV vaccine, too.


Question: How common is asthma in children?

Answer: But sometimes they can cause dangerous asthma attacks that result in a trip to the hospital. It affects about 7 million children in the United States and, for unknown reasons, is steadily increasing.


Question: When should you get medical help for a nose bleed?

Answer: You should get medical care immediately if: You're injured or go through something traumatic, like a car accident. There's more blood than you expect for a nosebleed. The bleeding won't stop, even after two attempts to put pressure on his nose for 10 minutes at a time.


Question: How are vaginal creams used to treat vaginal yeast infection?

Answer: You can treat most vaginal yeast infections with an over-the-counter vaginal cream or suppository. Some of these products may come with a cream that you put on the opening of the vagina and surrounding tissue (called the "vulva") and not into the vagina. This type of cream may ease itching and treat the skin tissues while the vaginal antifungal cream treats the yeast infection. When you use a vaginal cream that's oil-based, you may need to use birth control that's not a condom or diaphragm, or skip sex. The oil in the cream could damage the latex in a condom or diaphragm. These products often come packaged with a plastic "inserter" that helps you get the medication to the right place. One benefit of a suppository is that it's less messy than a vaginal cream and less likely to ooze out during the day.


Question: What are some safety tips for using over-the-counter treatments for vaginal yeast infection?

Answer: Read all package directions carefully first. When you use a vaginal cream that's oil-based, you may need to use birth control that's not a condom or diaphragm, or skip sex. These products often come packaged with a plastic "inserter" that helps you get the medication to the right place. Antifungal medications can change the way some drugs work. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking an antifungal if you are taking other medications. No matter which yeast infection treatment you try, see your doctor if your symptoms don't clear up after you finish it.


Question: How does your immune system get stronger over time?

Answer: Your immune system should know that there's a problem. Your white blood cells aim to destroy the unwelcome guests. The first time your body comes into contact with a certain type of germ, your immune response may take a while. You might need several days to make and use all the germ-fighting parts you need to get rid of your infection. It takes time to hack the germ's code and destroy it. If you come across that same germ later on, your body will remember and fight it off faster, so you can get over the infection and feel better.


Question: How do people die from radiation sickness?

Answer: Most of the other people who have died from it were scientists or technicians in U. S. or Soviet nuclear plants during the Cold War. Radiation damages your stomach and intestines, blood vessels, and bone marrow, which makes blood cells. Damage to bone marrow lowers the number of disease-fighting white blood cells in your body.


Question: How is endometriosis diagnosed?

Answer: Also tell your doctor if you have: Pain during or after sex Pain when you pee Pain with bowel movements Heavy bleeding during your period Irregular bleeding Constipation Bloating Nausea Infertility Bleeding or spotting between periods Mood changes due to pain If you have symptoms, call your gynecologist. You may get tests including: A pelvic exam . Your doctor will feel for cysts or scar tissue. Ultrasound . Ultrasound doesn't always show endometriosis, but it is good at finding ovarian cysts, which are common in women with the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Laparoscopy . If you do find out that you have endometriosis, the sooner you get diagnosed, the sooner your doctor can help you make a plan to manage your symptoms.


Question: What is a vesicular infection?

Answer: If the blisters burst, you could get a bacterial infection and need antibiotics. This type of infection is usually very painful.


Question: Are headache part of nicotine withdrawal symptoms?

Answer: The result is that the medication you're counting on to give you pain relief won't work as well, just when you need it the most. It's due to nicotine withdrawal. These withdrawal symptoms, including headaches, are usually worse during the first week after you quit tobacco. But don't let that get in the way of your no-smoking campaign. The troubles will get better over time.


Question: How can smoke cause headaches?

Answer: The substance nicotine is no longer linked to migraines. Nicotine is a chemical in tobacco products. It causes the blood vessels in your body to narrow. This reduces blood flow to your brain. Nicotine can make it harder for you to get rid of your headache once it starts. That's because the chemical affects your liver's ability to break down headache medicine. The result is that the medication you're counting on to give you pain relief won't work as well, just when you need it the most. Carbon monoxide. Like a lot of people, you may think of it as something that comes out of your car's tailpipe or leaks out of your furnace. But carbon monoxide is also in tobacco products. If you're a smoker, you may have high levels in your blood and brain. Carbon monoxide can trigger headaches. Sensitivity to smells. For some people, the smell that smoking gives off is enough to cause a headache or migraine. You can also have an allergy to cigarette smoke, which can trigger a headache when you're around it.


Question: Will quitting smoking stop headaches?

Answer: The chemicals in tobacco and the smell of the smoke are a big part of the problem. But if you take the right steps you can help keep some of your headaches at bay. For example, if you get cluster headaches, which causes sudden and severe pain around one eye or on one side of your head, you may notice improvement if you stop smoking.


Question: What causes pseudobulbar affect (PBA)?

Answer: Scientists believe that pseudobulbar affect may result from damage to the prefrontal cortex, the area of your brain that helps control emotions. Damage to other parts of the brain as well as changes in brain chemicals linked to depression and hyper moods (mania) could also play a role. An injury or disease that affects your brain can lead to pseudobulbar affect. Other brain conditions commonly linked to PBA include: Alzheimer's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS) Brain tumor Dementia Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Traumatic brain injury If you or someone you love is crying or laughing a lot and you don't know why, talk to a doctor. Talk with other people who have PBA.


Question: How can you live with pseudobulbar affect?

Answer: To help you and your loved ones ease anxiety during a PBA episode, and to feel more in control of your health, try these steps: Talk to people around you about PBA and how it affects you and your family. This will help keep them from being surprised or confused when an episode happens. If you feel a laughing or crying attack coming on, change how you're sitting or standing. Breathe slowly and deeply. Keep doing this during an episode until you feel in control. Relax. A flare-up is emotional and can make your muscles tense. Relax your shoulders and forehead after one happens.


Question: Is there a reason for laughing or crying suddenly, and uncontrollably?

Answer: Pseudobulbar affect is a nervous system disorder that can make you laugh, cry, or become angry without being able to control when it happens. The emotional toll of the condition can greatly affect recovery and quality of life.


Question: What is pediatric palliative care (PAC)?

Answer: PAC teams offer a host of support services to families of children at any phase of a chronic or life-limiting condition. But just how beneficial palliative care can be is not always appreciated. The services provide families and patients with the support and comfort they need to get through intensive treatments and hospital stays. However, not all hospitals offer it.


Question: What are symptoms of infertility due to a hormone problem in women?

Answer: Sometimes no cause is found. In this case, symptoms can also include: Skin changes, including more acne Changes in sex drive and desire Dark hair growth on the lips, chest, and chin Loss of hair or thinning hair Weight gain Other symptoms of disorders that may lead to infertility include: Milky white discharge from nipples unrelated to breastfeeding Pain during sex Many other things can be related to infertility in women, and their symptoms vary.


Question: Can smoking raise your risk for weaker bones later in life?

Answer: You build about 90% of your bone mass by the time you're ages 18 to 20. Quitting smoking appears to lower this risk over time.


Question: Why should I bring someone with me to my cancer appointment?

Answer: Here are some questions to ask before you partner with a doctor in your cancer treatment. Obviously, a friend or loved one can provide moral support during a tense conversation. Or he or she may prompt you to ask important questions that you forgot.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my cancer?

Answer: What stage is it? What are my cancer treatment options? Are these cancer treatments proven or experimental? Are these cancer treatments covered by insurance? What should I expect from my cancer treatment? How long will it take? What side effects or complications could I face from my cancer treatment? Should I make any changes to my diet or lifestyle before starting cancer treatment?


Question: How is an open splenectomy performed?

Answer: The surgeon makes three or four small cuts in the abdomen, and inserts the laparoscope through one of them. The surgeon disconnects the spleen from surrounding structures and the body's blood supply, and then removes it through the largest surgical opening. The surgical openings are closed using stitches or sutures. Sometimes during laparoscopic splenectomy the doctor has to switch to the open procedure.


Question: Who needs a splenectomy?

Answer: Rarely, a piece of the spleen may break off with trauma, such as after a car accident. You may need to have your spleen removed if you have an injury that damages the organ, causing its covering to break open, or rupture. In some cases, an illness, such as sickle cell disease, can cause the spleen to shrivel up and stop functioning. This is called an auto-splenectomy. Certain types of lymphoma, a cancer that affects cells that help the body fight infections. Other: Cyst or abscess (collection of pus) in the spleen If your doctor thinks you have a ruptured spleen and you have signs of massive internal bleeding or unstable vital signs, such as low blood pressure, you will likely have spleen surgery right away. If you have an open splenectomy, you may be sent home within one week.


Question: What should I do if exercise is painful and I have depression?

Answer: It appears that any form of exercise can help depression. Never ignore pain. You may cause stress and damage to your joints and muscles if you continue exercising through pain. If you still feel pain a couple hours after exercising, you have probably overexerted yourself and need to decrease your activity level. If your pain persists or is severe, or if you suspect you have injured yourself, contact your doctor. If you are unable to regularly participate in exercise or athletics, you can also try other tools to help boost your mood. Studies of meditation and massage therapy have demonstrated that these techniques can stimulate endorphin secretion, increase relaxation, and aid in boosting mood.


Question: Can joining a group exercise be helpful with managing depression?

Answer: Research has shown that exercise is an effective but often underused treatment for mild to moderate depression. Some examples of moderate exercise include: Biking Dancing Gardening Golf (walking instead of using the cart) Housework, especially sweeping, mopping, or vacuuming Jogging at a moderate pace Low-impact aerobics Playing tennis Swimming Walking Yard work, especially mowing or raking Yoga Because strong social support is important for those with depression, joining a group exercise class may be beneficial. Do I prefer group or individual activities? If you need reminding, put it on your calendar.


Question: What tips can help me start exercising if I have depression?

Answer: When you first start your exercise program, you should plan a routine that is easy to follow and maintain. When you start feeling comfortable with your routine, then you can start varying your exercise times and activities. Here are some tips to help you get started: Choose an activity you enjoy. Put your exercise routine into your schedule. If you need reminding, put it on your calendar. Make sure you vary your exercises so that you don't get bored. Check your local gymnasium or community center for an assortment of exercise programs. Stick with it.


Question: What are the different kinds of bronchitis?

Answer: There are two kinds: Acute bronchitis. In this article, we're looking at acute bronchitis. Pneumonia is another infection in your lungs, but instead of the bronchial tubes, you get it in tiny air sacs in your lungs called alveoli. Most of the time, acute bronchitis goes away on its own within a couple of weeks. If it's caused by bacteria, you'll get an antibiotic.


Question: What problems can sleep apnea create?

Answer: Sleep apnea creates several problems, including: Long interruptions of breathing (more than 10 seconds) during sleep caused by partial or total obstruction or blockage of the airway. Frequent waking from sleep, even though you may not realize it. Light sleeping. Prolonged suffering from obstructive sleep apnea often results in higher blood pressure and may cause enlargement of the heart, with higher risks of heart attack and stroke.


Question: What is a catheter?

Answer: If you have trouble peeing or can't control when you pee, a urinary catheter that goes into your bladder can get rid of urine for you. If you need blood or medicine, your doctor might use an intravenous catheter that's connected to one of your veins with a needle. For example, if you had cancer and needed chemotherapy, that's how you'd get it. It usually goes in through your urethra (the tube that takes urine from your bladder out of your body) and drains your bladder.


Question: What are some things that call for special eyeglasses?

Answer: It can come from long hours staring at a computer screen or focusing and refocusing at different distances. Driving: Your options include: Special "driving sunglasses" with polarized lenses to block the light Glasses with both your lens prescription for distance vision and an anti-reflective coating Reading: These are a good choice if you have simple presbyopia (good distance vision but trouble up close). These glasses can be good for close-up hobbies, too. They're OK for most of us, but they may not work for you if your eyes aren't exactly matched or if you have astigmatism. Sports: Protective eyewear can prevent almost all sports-related injuries: Sports goggles with impact-resistant polycarbonate lenses: You can use them for basketball, baseball and softball (fielding), field hockey, women's lacrosse, racket sports, and soccer. Polycarbonate shields (or wire face guards): Used, for example, in baseball and softball (batting), and football Don't wear your everyday eyeglasses during sports.


Question: How do eyeglasses work?

Answer: That depends on whether your eyes change or not. It's a major part of keeping your eyes healthy. When you focus intently, you blink less and your eyes can dry out.


Question: What are types of safety eyewear might you see in the workplace?

Answer: If problems don't go away, tell your eye doctor. Safety eyewear should be comfortable and fit well. It can include: Goggles, which are more impact resistant than safety glasses Safety glasses with side protection/shields Face shields, including welding helmets Full-face respirators, which include face shields At home: Protective eyewear can help prevent eye injury from: Household chemicals Workshop activities Gardening and lawn work Car repair or maintenance tasks If you injure your eye(s), get medical attention immediately.


Question: How do I know if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: Your doctor could find it when he checks your blood and sees that your level of certain liver enzymes is high. If that happens, he'll follow up with other tests to confirm you have the disease. Treatment can suppress the virus and maybe even cure you.


Question: How reliable is the antibody test for hepatitis C?

Answer: They usually show up about 12 weeks after infection. Non- Reactive or negative: You don't have hep C. If you've been exposed in the last 6 months, you'll need to be retested. If your antibody test is positive, you'll get this test: RNA: It measures the number of viral RNA (genetic material from the hepatitis virus) particles in your blood.


Question: How can you treat digestive problems from cystic fibrosis?

Answer: Treating Digestive Problems People with CF need to eat a well-balanced, high-calorie, high-protein diet. Those with severe digestive problems may need supplemental feedings with specialized, high-calorie formulas either with a feeding tube or, in rare cases, through a vein.


Question: What are tips for daily hygiene while Iâm being treated for cancer?

Answer: Some doctors say it's OK as long as you wash the produce very well. Take a shower or bath every day. Pay special attention to your feet, armpits, and other sweaty areas. When you're done, use lotion so your skin doesn't get dry and crack. Brush your teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush. Ask if it's OK to floss gently. Don't use alcohol-based mouthwashes -- your doctor or dentist may give you a special mouthwash. Don't share towels, toothbrushes, or makeup, either.


Question: Do I have treatment options if I have stage II breast cancer?

Answer: Several treatments may help. You would likely use a combination of them. In either case, the surgeon will likely remove some of the lymph nodes.


Question: When is radiation therapy used to treat stage II breast cancer?

Answer: It can kill cancer cells that were missed during surgery. Some women who get a mastectomy will also have radiation, especially if the tumor was large or there were cancer cells in the lymph nodes. Biological therapy is a newer approach.


Question: Are clinical trials available to help treat my stage II breast cancer?

Answer: In stage II, the cancer is still contained within the breast and in some cases in nearby lymph nodes. Several treatments may help. Many new therapies -- new drugs, new treatments, and new combinations -- are in clinical trials now. Keep in mind that any successful treatment we have now started out in a clinical trial.


Question: What are symptoms of shellfish poisoning?

Answer: Shellfish poisoning can occur after eating clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, starfish, and crustaceans that consume dinoflagellates during a red tide. Symptoms of shellfish poisoning begin 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating and include: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Numbness of the lips, tongue, and fingertips.


Question: How do you get shellfish poisoning?

Answer: Shellfish poisoning can occur after eating clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, starfish, and crustaceans that consume dinoflagellates during a red tide. During a red tide, sea waters turn a reddish color because large numbers of red organisms (dinoflagellates) are present. Shellfish that is contaminated during a red tide does not have an abnormal taste, smell, or color, and the toxin is not destroyed by heating or cooking.


Question: What can happen if you have shellfish poisoning?

Answer: Shellfish poisoning can occur after eating clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, starfish, and crustaceans that consume dinoflagellates during a red tide. The person who has been poisoned may also develop the following conditions: Headache Lower-back pain Vertigo (dizziness) Loss of balance Drooling Blurred vision Temporary blindness Elevated heart rate Low blood pressure Altered temperature perception Ingesting large amounts of contaminated shellfish can result in coma and respiratory failure. Medical liquid charcoal to absorb the toxins may be given as a drink.


Question: How can you prevent status asthmaticus?

Answer: Status asthmaticus is respiratory failure that comes with the worst form of acute severe asthma, or an asthma attack. It's important to follow the asthma action plan that you made with your doctor, avoid your triggers, take your medicine, and keep up with your doctor appointments. You might be surprised to learn that you may not have more of these than usual during a severe asthma attack. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and how well you're breathing. But you can take steps to make them less likely: Take your asthma medication as often as your doctor recommends.


Question: What causes status asthmaticus?

Answer: Status asthmaticus is respiratory failure that comes with the worst form of acute severe asthma, or an asthma attack. Doctors don't know why some people get severe asthma attacks. It may be more likely if: You don't often see your doctor, so your asthma isn't under good control. You come in contact with your asthma triggers or things you're allergic to. You don't use your peak flow meter and asthma medicines as directed by your doctor in your asthma action plan.


Question: How is anosmia caused by nasal congestion treated?

Answer: Nasal congestion from a cold, allergy, sinus infection, or poor air quality is the most common cause of anosmia. Short-term use of over-the-counter decongestants may open up your nasal passages so that you can breathe easier. However, if the congestion gets worse or does not go away after a few days, see your doctor. You may have an infection and need antibiotics, or another medical condition may be to blame.


Question: What are symptoms of agoraphobia?

Answer: If you end up in one, you can become very anxious. Symptoms may include: Fast, pounding heart Sweating, trembling, shaking Breathing problems Feeling hot or cold Nausea or diarrhea Chest pain Problems swallowing Dizziness or feeling faint Fear of dying A lot of these symptoms are the same for other medical conditions like heart disease, stomach issues, and breathing problems. If you feel better and no longer are stressed when you're in places that used to scare you, your doctor may begin tapering off your medicine.


Question: What might your doctor do to find out if you have agoraphobia?

Answer: But when your fears keep you from getting out into the world, and you avoid places because you think you'll feel trapped and not be able to get help, you may have agoraphobia. Symptoms may include: Fast, pounding heart Sweating, trembling, shaking Breathing problems Feeling hot or cold Nausea or diarrhea Chest pain Problems swallowing Dizziness or feeling faint Fear of dying A lot of these symptoms are the same for other medical conditions like heart disease, stomach issues, and breathing problems. So you may make several trips to the doctor or emergency room before you and your doctor figure out what's really going on. Your doctor may ask: Do you find it scary or stressful to leave your house? Do you have to avoid some places or situations? What happens if you end up in one of them?


Question: How can ointments help with treating eczema?

Answer: There are three types of moisturizers: lotions, creams, and ointments. They help it hold on to moisture. Some people like to use them overnight. This gives your skin time to absorb them fully. Petroleum jelly and mineral oil are examples.