Question: Does iodine affect your thyroid?

Answer: As a treatment, iodine helps with goiters (enlargements of the thyroid gland) and high thyroid levels such as in thyroid storm. After exposure to radiation, iodine can provide some protection against thyroid damage.


Question: What foods contain iodine?

Answer: Other seafood sources include: Tuna Sardines Salmon Lobster Shrimp Iodine is also in foods such as: Dairy products Grains Eggs Vegetables Iodine is in breast milk and added to baby formula. It's also added to many brands of table salt.


Question: What are the risks of taking iodine?

Answer: It's available in the U. S. as an FDA-approved treatment and a supplement. In the U. S., pregnant women have a higher risk of low iodine levels. For other uses of iodine for specific medical conditions, ask your doctor about the amount you need.


Question: What is Severâs disease?

Answer: In the case of Sever's (or Sever) disease, though, your child's growth spurt can lead to serious pain. It's not actually a disease but a heel injury.


Question: How can sever's disease be prevented?

Answer: Have your child: Wear supportive, shock-absorbing shoes. Stretch her calves, heels, and hamstrings. Not overdo it. Warn against over-training, and suggest plenty of rest, especially if she begins to feel pain in her heel. Try to avoid lots of running and pounding on hard surfaces. If she's overweight, help her lose those extra pounds, which can increase pressure on her heels.


Question: How is sever's disease treated?

Answer: Symptoms typically go away after a few months. The best treatment is simply rest. Your child will need to stop or cut down on sports until the pain gets better. When she's well enough to return to her sport, have her build up her playing time gradually. Your doctor may also recommend: Ice packs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, to relieve the pain Supportive shoes and inserts that reduce stress on the heel bone.


Question: What causes sever's disease?

Answer: In the case of Sever's (or Sever) disease, though, your child's growth spurt can lead to serious pain. When the muscles and tendons can't grow fast enough to keep up, they are stretched too tight. If your child is very active, especially if she plays a sport that involves a lot of running and jumping on hard surfaces (such as soccer, basketball, or gymnastics), it can put extra strain on her already overstretched tendons. This leads to swelling and pain at the point where the tendons attach to the growing part of her heel.


Question: What is the treatment for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Treatment for chronic pancreatitis also may include hospitalization.


Question: How are various pancreatic conditions treated?

Answer: Treatment for various pancreatic conditions may include a specialized technique using an endoscope. It is called therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP). A doctor can use this technique to: Enlarge a duct opening Remove pancreatic or bile duct stones Place a stent to keep a pancreatic or bile duct open Dilate or stretch a narrowed pancreatic or bile duct Drain pseudocysts In some cases, surgery or other procedures are needed. Treatment for pancreatic cancer may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.


Question: What causes an enlarged pancreas?

Answer: You may simply have a pancreas that is larger than normal. Or, it can be because of an anatomic abnormality. But other causes of an enlarged pancreas may include the following: Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes become active inside the pancreas, attacking and damaging its tissues. This can cause an enlarged pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation that occurs suddenly in the pancreas. It can be very serious, even life-threatening. But it usually goes away within a few days of treatment. Gallstones and alcohol are common causes of acute pancreatitis. Other causes include high levels of fats in the blood, certain drugs, certain medical procedures, and some infections. Chronic pancreatitis is inflammation that gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage in the pancreas. Heavy alcohol use is the most common cause. Other causes include heredity, cystic fibrosis, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, certain medications, and some autoimmune conditions. Pancreatic pseudocyst is an accumulation of fluid and tissue debris in the pancreas, which can occur after a case of pancreatitis. Cystadenoma is a tumor that is usually benign. Abscess is a pus-filled cavity, usually caused by a bacterial infection. A pancreatic pseudocyst that becomes infected can become an abscess. Pancreatic cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the pancreas that can spread to other parts of the body.


Question: What are the symptoms of an enlarged pancreas?

Answer: The pancreas is a gland that sits behind your stomach in the upper abdomen and helps with digestion. Pain may spread to the back and feel worse when you're eating and drinking, such as in cases of pancreatitis. See a doctor right away if you have these symptoms. Other causes of an enlarged pancreas may produce few or no symptoms at all. Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the deadliest cancers. It is difficult to catch at an early stage because of its usual lack of symptoms. The doctor will ask questions and do a thorough physical exam. Your doctor may also order blood, urine, or stool tests and a scan to diagnose and confirm the cause of an enlarged pancreas. For example, you may have an X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan (computerized tomography scan), ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), or MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography).


Question: What are the symptoms of cirrhosis from fatty liver disease?

Answer: Your doctor weighs you and checks your body for signs of liver problems such as an enlarged liver or jaundice.


Question: What are the two main types of fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells.


Question: What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. It usually doesn't get worse or cause problems with your liver. With ALD and NAFLD, there are usually no symptoms.


Question: How can you get acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

Answer: It usually gets better when you stop drinking alcohol. If you keep drinking, ALD can cause serious problems. If so, there could be a problem with your liver. If you have complications due to NASH, such as cirrhosis or liver failure, you may need to have a liver transplant. Lose weight if you need to.


Question: What are other symptoms of fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. Some people may have signs such as tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the belly where your liver is. If you have NASH or get cirrhosis, you may have symptoms such as: Swollen belly Enlarged blood vessels underneath your skin Larger-than-normal breasts in men Red palms Skin and eyes that appear yellowish, due to a condition called jaundice For ALD, the cause is too much alcohol.


Question: How is fatty liver disease diagnosed?

Answer: You might hear your doctor call it hepatic steatosis. Your doctor may use different methods to find out if you have fatty liver disease. Your doctor weighs you and checks your body for signs of liver problems such as an enlarged liver or jaundice. Blood tests. These can show if you have high levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST). You may get an ultrasound, computerized tomography ( CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Not everyone with NAFLD needs to have a liver biopsy. For the biopsy, your doctor numbs the area and uses a special needle to take a small piece of tissue from your liver.


Question: What is the treatment for fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are two different types of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Simple fatty liver: This means you have fat in your liver, but you may not have any inflammation in your liver or damage to your liver cells. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is preventable. Alcoholic hepatitis. NAFLD or NASH is more likely if: You're overweight or obese Your body doesn't respond to insulin as it should (called insulin resistance) or if you have type 2 diabetes You have high levels of triglycerides or âbadâ ( LDL) cholesterol, or low levels of âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol You're older You have polycystic ovary syndrome You have sleep apnea You have an underactive thyroid (the doctor will call this hypothyroidism) You have an underactive pituitary gland (you'll hear this called hypopituitarism) You're malnourished You've lost weight rapidly You've been exposed to certain toxins and chemicals You have metabolic syndrome. Usually the first line of treatment is to lose weight. Talk to your doctor about how you can get help. Lose weight if you need to.


Question: What does it mean if you have fatty liver disease?

Answer: Fatty liver disease means you have extra fat in your liver. Heavy drinking makes you more likely to get it. You may even be able to undo some of the liver damage that's already happened. If you're trying to lose weight, you might find that it helps to exercise more.


Question: What is rhythmic breathing?

Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Rhythmic breathing: If your breathing is short and hurried, slow it down by taking long, slow breaths. Inhale slowly then exhale slowly. As you exhale slowly, pay attention to how your body naturally relaxes. Recognizing this change will help you to relax even more.


Question: What is progressive muscle relaxation?

Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Progressive muscle relaxation: Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Quickly loosen up these areas. Let go of as much tension as you can. Roll your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. Let all of your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and exhale slowly. Select the type of music that lifts your mood or that you find soothing or calming.


Question: What is deep breathing?

Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed.


Question: What is mental imagery relaxation?

Answer: In order to learn how to relax during menopause or any other time, you need to become familiar with your own breathing patterns and change them in ways that will help you relax. Guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape." By making affirmations, you can counteract negative thoughts and emotions. I am healthy, vital, and strong. There is nothing in the world I cannot handle. Every day in every way I am getting stronger.


Question: What are symptoms of allergic asthma?

Answer: The symptoms of allergic asthma are generally the same as those of non-allergic asthma. They include: Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Fast breathing Tightening of the chest Allergens you inhale are some of the most likely to worsen your allergic asthma.


Question: How do I know which allergens cause my allergic asthma?

Answer: Tobacco smoke Air pollution Cold air Strong chemical odors Perfumes or other scented products Intense emotions that cause you to laugh or cry Your doctor might recommend allergy tests to figure out what allergens affect you. These tests usually involve pricking your skin with a tiny amount of the suspected allergen or injecting it under your skin. Your doctor then checks your skin for a reaction. If a skin test isn't possible, you might get a blood test instead.


Question: How do I avoid my allergic asthma triggers?

Answer: When pollen counts are high, stay inside as much as possible. Keep the windows closed. Wash your sheets once a week in hot water. Get rid of items where dust can gather, such as on heavy curtains or piles of clothing. If moisture is a problem in your home, get a dehumidifier to cut down on mold. If you have pets, keep them out of the bedroom. Keep your kitchen and bathroom very clean to avoid mold and cockroaches. Gardening and raking can stir up pollen and mold.


Question: What is bipolar mania?

Answer: Bipolar mania is a prolonged state (at least one week at a time) of extreme elation or agitation accompanied by excessive energy. Symptoms of the manic "highs" include increased energy, racing thoughts and fast speech, excessive talkativeness, distractibility, reckless and aggressive behavior, grandiose thoughts, decreased need for sleep, feelings of invincibility, sexual inappropriateness including infidelity, excessive spending, and exaggerated self-confidence.


Question: Can environmental stress increase the risk of bipolar disorder?

Answer: People are sometimes diagnosed with bipolar following a stressful or traumatic event in their lives. These environmental triggers can include seasonal changes, holidays, and major life changes such as starting a new job, losing a job, going to college, family disagreements, marriage, or a death in the family. Stress, in and of itself, does not cause bipolar disorder (much the way pollen doesn't cause seasonal allergies), but in people with the biological vulnerability to bipolar disorder, having effective skills for managing life stresses can be critical to a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid things that can aggravate the illness (such as drugs and alcohol).


Question: Does bipolar disorder run in families?

Answer: Numerous studies have found that people with bipolar often have at least one close relative with depression or bipolar disorder. Children who have one parent with the disorder have about a 10%-25% chance of developing the disorder themselves; children with two parents with the disorder have a 10%-50% chance. If a non-identical twin sibling has the disorder, the chance that another sibling will have it is about 10%-25%. Studies of identical twins have shown that genetics are not the only factor in determining who is at risk for bipolar disorder. Because identical twins share all the same genes, if bipolar disorder were purely hereditary, then all identical twins would share the disorder. However, it has been found that if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the chances of the other twin also having bipolar disorder ranges from 40% to 70%.


Question: What is bipolar depression?

Answer: Bipolar mania is a prolonged state (at least one week at a time) of extreme elation or agitation accompanied by excessive energy. Symptoms of the bipolar depression may include a pessimistic attitude, social withdrawal, thoughts of death or suicide, extreme sadness, and irritability.


Question: What does a negative result from a D-Dimer test mean?

Answer: If your result is "negative," you most likely don't have a problem with blood clots, such as DVT.


Question: What are the symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Answer: You have higher odds of a clot with: Antiphospholipid syndrome, a disease in your immune system Clotting diseases that you're born with Major surgery, such as a knee replacement Major injury, such as a broken leg Long periods of sitting or lying down, such as a long plane ride or hospital stay Pregnancy or if you recently had a baby Some cancers To test for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: D-dimer can also be used to help test for what's called disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC), in which blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout your body while also causing bleeding. It can be life-threatening.


Question: What should I prepare my family and friends for after being diagnosed with lung cancer?

Answer: Depending on what you feel comfortable with, you could try: Counseling Organizations that will match you with someone who's had the same kind of lung cancer Telephone and email cancer helplines Support groups, either online or in person Talk to your family and friends. Chances are there will be a few changes in your routine. There may be days when it's harder to do the things you normally do. You might need a hand with things like cooking, cleaning, or running errands. Sit down with your loved ones and let them know what you might need help with.


Question: Should I bring someone with me when choosing a treatment center for lung cancer?

Answer: You might have a few choices, so find out about some of the practical things, like: Where it is and how you're going to get there and back How often the center works with your type of cancer If there's a place for you and your family to stay if it's far away or you have to stay overnight What services it can offer you and your family If you're going to have chemotherapy, many cancer centers will let someone sit with you when you go in for treatment. Think about who could come along. This person can help you ask questions and take notes, or just keep you company.


Question: What factors should I consider when choosing a treatment center for lung cancer?

Answer: Your doctor will have ideas about which cancer treatment centers are a good match for you. You might have a few choices, so find out about some of the practical things, like: Where it is and how you're going to get there and back How often the center works with your type of cancer If there's a place for you and your family to stay if it's far away or you have to stay overnight What services it can offer you and your family If you're going to have chemotherapy, many cancer centers will let someone sit with you when you go in for treatment.


Question: Where should I organize my health records after being diagnosed with lung cancer?

Answer: You could do this on paper that you put in a binder. Keep it in a fireproof box in a safe place. You could also go high-tech and keep it on your computer. Just make sure you back it up.


Question: Where can I learn more about my lung cancer diagnosis and treatment?

Answer: Your doctor is the best place to start for this info, but you can also read about your type of lung cancer. Make sure the sources you're searching are well-known and reliable. Your health care team can recommend some good ones.


Question: How should I deal with health insurance after being diagnosed with lung cancer?

Answer: Your past health history Your family's health history Sort out your health insurance. Find out what your copayments and deductibles are. Set up a system to help you keep track of your claims and payments. You could include this with your health record. By law, most people should have health insurance. If you don't, find out if you can get some or if you're eligible for Medicare or Medicaid.


Question: What health records do I need to keep after being diagnosed with lung cancer?

Answer: Your health records should include: Your diagnosis Test results Treatment information, including the names and doses of drugs you take, and the dates you got treatment The names, phone numbers, and addresses of all your doctors, not just those you see for cancer.


Question: How should I lay out my health care wishes in case I am unable to tell my family and friends after lung cancer treatment?

Answer: Make sure the sources you're searching are well-known and reliable. If you don't, find out if you can get some or if you're eligible for Medicare or Medicaid. Sit down with your loved ones and let them know what you might need help with.


Question: When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?

Answer: It can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, or you may pass out.


Question: How do you diagnose heart murmurs?

Answer: Usually, doctors find heart murmurs during a physical exam. Your doctor will be able to hear it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope. Your doctor may order one or more of the following tests to see whether your heart murmur is innocent or it is caused by acquired valve disease or a defect you were born with: Electrocardiogram ( EKG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart Chest X-rays to see if the heart is enlarged due to heart or valve disease Echocardiography, which uses sound waves to map the heart's structure In most cases, you can't prevent heart murmurs.


Question: Can you prevent heart murmurs?

Answer: Your doctor may order one or more of the following tests to see whether your heart murmur is innocent or it is caused by acquired valve disease or a defect you were born with: Electrocardiogram ( EKG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart Chest X-rays to see if the heart is enlarged due to heart or valve disease Echocardiography, which uses sound waves to map the heart's structure In most cases, you can't prevent heart murmurs. The exception is that if you treat an underlying condition, such as high blood pressure, or you avoid heart valve infection, heart murmurs are stopped before they start.


Question: Do all heart murmurs need treatment?

Answer: Many children and adults have harmless heart murmurs, which don't need treatment. If another condition, like high blood pressure, is causing yours, your doctor will treat the cause.


Question: What is low blood pressure?

Answer: ", "thumbnail Url": "https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/video/wibbitz/wbz-understanding-low-blood-pressure-the-basics.jpg", "upload Date": "06/23/2017 15:09:00", "duration" : " PT1 M3 S", "content URL" : "https://webmd-vh.akamaihd.net/i/delivery/delivery/12/f8/12f87b0c-ecec-42cd-9e48-3cb8e7146831/wbz-understanding-low-blood-pressure-the-basics_,400k,750k,1000k,.mp4" } Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure (less than 90/60). var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two is a measure of systolic pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number measures diastolic pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.


Question: What is the optimal blood pressure?

Answer: Optimal blood pressure is less than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic). In healthy people, low blood pressure without any symptoms is not usually a concern and does not need to be treated.


Question: Who can get postural hypotension?

Answer: Postural hypotension, which is low blood pressure when standing up suddenly, can happen to anyone for a variety of reasons, such as dehydration, lack of food, or being overly fatigued. It can also be influenced by genetic make-up, aging, medication, dietary and psychological factors, and acute triggers, such as infection and allergy.


Question: What can happen if you have chronic low blood pressure?

Answer: But health problems can occur when blood pressure drops suddenly and the brain is deprived of an adequate blood supply. This can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness. Sudden drops in blood pressure most commonly occur in someone who's rising from a lying down or sitting position to standing. This kind of low blood pressure is known as postural hypotension or orthostatic hypotension. Another type of low blood pressure can occur when someone stands for a long period of time. This is called neurally mediated hypotension. When it leads to passing out, if is called vasovagal syncope.


Question: How can hormone therapy for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: When hormone therapy is used, erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire may result approximately two to four weeks after the start of therapy. This is due to the testosterone-reducing action of the drugs.


Question: How are penile suppositories used to treat erectile dysfunction from prostate cancer?

Answer: For this treatment, the patient places a suppository into the urinary tube (urethra) using a plastic applicator. The suppository contains the drug alprostadil, which travels to the erection chambers. Alprostadil relaxes the muscle in the erection chamber, allowing blood to flow into the penis.


Question: How can you treat erectile dysfunction from surgery for prostate cancer?

Answer: Recovery of erectile function after a non-nerve-sparing surgery is unlikely, but possible. The use of vacuum devices or erectile dysfunction drugs after the body has healed from surgery may improve the quality of erections and speed the return of normal sexual function (see below). If an erection can be achieved after surgery, one does not lose the ability to have an orgasm. However, they may be "dry" orgasms in which little (if any) ejaculate is produced. This results in infertility for most men, although most men are older when they are diagnosed for prostate cancer and may not be concerned. If desired, you could talk to your doctor about "banking" sperm before the procedure.


Question: How effective are oral erectile dysfunction drugs?

Answer: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction. Results are less favorable for men who have had a single nerve spared or no nerves spared. Following radiation therapy, overall, 50% to 60% of men regain erections with medication. However, current data are rather limited, especially for patients treated with radioactive seed implants. Hormone therapy.


Question: How is erectile dysfunction treated?

Answer: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction.


Question: How can radiation therapy for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Radiation therapy. The onset of erectile dysfunction following radiation therapy is gradual and usually begins about six months following the treatment. Erectile dysfunction is the most common long-term complication of radiation therapy. However, its occurrence may decrease when more sophisticated treatments are used, such as radioactive seed implants (brachytherapy), intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT), or 3- D conformal radiotherapy.


Question: How is a vacuum constriction device used to treat erectile dysfunction from prostate cancer?

Answer: If Viagra and injections fail (or if you are unwilling or unable to use either therapy), other treatments may be appropriate. They include: Vacuum constriction device. A cylinder is placed over the penis. The air is pumped out of the cylinder, which draws blood into the penis and causes an erection. The erection is maintained by slipping a band off the base of the cylinder and onto the base of the penis. The band can stay in place for up to 30 minutes. Although these devices can be effective, they generally have been less desirable for patients who have been treated with surgery. Many patients dislike having to use the band at the base of the penis and find it uncomfortable.


Question: How effective is injection therapy for erectile dysfunction with each type of prostate cancer treatment?

Answer: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction. Following radiation therapy, overall, 50% to 60% of men regain erections with medication. Side effects include occasional pain due to one of the drugs used for injection therapy, and the development of scar tissue.


Question: How can surgery for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: The severity of the erectile dysfunction depends on the type of surgery, stage of cancer, and skill of the surgeon. The use of vacuum devices or erectile dysfunction drugs after the body has healed from surgery may improve the quality of erections and speed the return of normal sexual function (see below).


Question: What is vascular disease?

Answer: Vascular disease includes any condition that affects your circulatory system. This ranges from diseases of your arteries, veins, and lymph vessels to blood disorders that affect circulation. Vascular pain develops when the communication between blood vessels and nerves is interrupted or damaged due to vascular disease or injuries.


Question: What can cause renal artery disease?

Answer: Renal artery disease is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis of the renal arteries (see above). It occurs in people with generalized vascular disease. Less often, renal artery disease can be caused by a congenital (present at birth) abnormal development of the tissue that makes up the renal arteries. This type of renal artery disease occurs in younger age groups.


Question: What is a female condom?

Answer: It goes inside your body during sex. Flexible rings at both ends hold it in place. The condom lines the walls of your vagina and collects semen and other fluids.


Question: What is the difference between a male and female condom?

Answer: The condom lines the walls of your vagina and collects semen and other fluids. Reasons people don't like them include: They can slip out of place during sex. They're slightly less effective at preventing pregnancy and STDs than male condoms. During sex, it's normal for you to feel the condom move around. If the outer ring goes inside you after your partner has ejaculated, or if he does it between the condom and your vagina, think about using emergency contraception.


Question: Why do some women and couples prefer female condoms over regular condoms?

Answer: A female condom is a long plastic pouch, usually made of nitrile, a manmade latex-free rubber. But some women and couples might prefer female condoms over the ones that a man wears because: You can put one in up to 8 hours before sex, so you don't have to interrupt the mood. Women can choose to use them if their partners don't want to wear a condom. They aren't made of latex, which irritates some people's skin. They stay in place if your partner loses his erection.


Question: What are problems I need to watch out for when using female condoms during sex?

Answer: A female condom is a long plastic pouch, usually made of nitrile, a manmade latex-free rubber. It goes inside your body during sex. Just watch out for these problems: Make sure your partner's penis goes into the condom and doesn't slip in between the plastic and your body. Make sure the outer ring of the condom doesn't slip inside you. If it does and your partner hasn't ejaculated, you can remove the condom and reinsert it. If the outer ring goes inside you after your partner has ejaculated, or if he does it between the condom and your vagina, think about using emergency contraception. Remove the condom right after sex. Twist the open end closed so that the semen stays inside and gently pull it out.


Question: How can H-2 receptor blockers help treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: H-2 receptor blockers: These work slower than antacids, but they ease symptoms for a longer time, up to 12 hours. They include cimetidine ( Tagamet HB), famotidine ( Pepcid AC), nizatidine ( Axid AR), and ranitidine ( Zantac).


Question: What happens during an endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Endoscopy: Your doctor will put a long, thin tube and tiny camera into your digestive tract to look for damage. It will thread through your nose and down your esophagus. The tube can also be used for a biopsy if your doctor wants to take out a small sample of tissue to test.


Question: What surgeries can help treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Nissen fundoplication: Your surgeon wraps the top part of your stomach around the lower part of your esophagus.


Question: What complementary treatments can help with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms?

Answer: Relax: Stress and anxiety can trigger GERD symptoms. You might keep your stomach calm with guided imagery to focus on peaceful memories or thoughts, or progressive muscle relaxation that teaches you how to release tension.


Question: How effective is a vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?

Answer: Unfortunately, vascular reconstructive surgery doesn't seem to work very well over time. Even the best studies show that only 1 out of 20 men improved after the treatment. The success rate is higher for younger men with a single damaged blood vessel from a pelvic or genital injury.


Question: Who should get a vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?

Answer: Vascular reconstructive surgery is one way to improve blood flow to the penis to help a man with erectile dysfunction ( ED) get and keep an erection. If that's you, talk to your doctor to see if this surgery is right for you.


Question: What happens during vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?

Answer: A surgeon transfers an artery from a muscle in the belly to one in the penis. This creates a path for blood to move around the problem area. Even the best studies show that only 1 out of 20 men improved after the treatment.


Question: What is vascular reconstructive surgery for erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Doctors rarely recommend the operation, though, since it's technically difficult, costly, and doesn't always work. Unfortunately, vascular reconstructive surgery doesn't seem to work very well over time.


Question: How do time outs work as a discipline technique?

Answer: This discipline technique works best if the privilege is: Related in some way to the behavior Something the child values Taken away as soon as possible after the inappropriate behavior (especially for young children) Time outs: Time outs work if you know exactly what the child did wrong or if you need a break from the child's behavior. Be sure you have a time-out location established ahead of time. It should be a quiet, boring place -- probably not the bedroom (where the child can play) or a dangerous place like a bathroom. This discipline technique can work with children when the child is old enough to understand the purpose of a time out -- usually around age 2 and older, with about a minute of time out for each year of age. Time outs often work best with younger kids for whom the separation from the parent is truly seen as a deprivation.


Question: How do natural consequences work as a discipline technique?

Answer: Natural consequences: Your child does something wrong, and you let the child experience the result of that behavior. There's no need for you to "lecture." The child can't blame you for what happened. For example, if a child deliberately breaks a toy, he or she no longer has that toy to play with. Natural consequences can work well when children don't seem to "hear" your warnings about the potential outcome of their behavior.


Question: How does taking away privileges work as a discipline technique?

Answer: Taking away privileges: Sometimes there isn't a logical or natural consequence for a bad behavior -- or you don't have time to think it through. In this case, the consequence for unacceptable behavior may be taking away a privilege. For example, if a middle schooler doesn't complete her homework on time, you may choose to take away television privileges for the evening. This discipline technique works best if the privilege is: Related in some way to the behavior Something the child values Taken away as soon as possible after the inappropriate behavior (especially for young children) Time outs: Time outs work if you know exactly what the child did wrong or if you need a break from the child's behavior.


Question: How do logical consequences work as a discipline technique?

Answer: Logical consequences: This technique is similar to natural consequences but involves describing to your child what the consequences will be for unacceptable behavior. The consequence is directly linked to the behavior. For example, you tell your child that if he doesn't pick up his toys, then those toys will be removed for a week.


Question: What if you make a mistake when you discipline your child?

Answer: Even if you have the best discipline techniques and parenting style, there are some days when nothing seems to work. Or perhaps you've had a bad day, too. Developing skills for positive discipline takes a lot of practice and a lot of time. If you feel you have made a mistake, be honest. Apologize to your child and explain how you plan to change your response the next time.


Question: When should you get professional help for a child's discipline problems?

Answer: It may be time to seek help from a mental health professional when you see: Ongoing disrespect for all authorities: parents, teachers, and other adults Aggressive or destructive behavior Signs of depression, such as feeling blue for a long time, having no friends, or threatening suicide Your child or other members of the family use drugs or alcohol to deal with stress or other problems in their lives Several relationships within the family are difficult


Question: Why do parents discipline their children?

Answer: Discipline is the process of teaching your child what type of behavior is acceptable and what type is not acceptable. In other words, discipline teaches a child to follow rules. Effective discipline uses many different tools, like positive reinforcement, modeling, and a loving and supportive family. Sometimes, punishments are also an effective tool-but that doesn't mean that good discipline is mostly about punishments. Your responsibility as a parent is to help your child become self-reliant, respectful, and self-controlled.


Question: What helps discipline work?

Answer: The key to effective discipline is to understand who your child is, especially his temperamental style, and use your discipline to help him achieve his potential given those talents and tendencies. But your goal should not be to turn him into someone he is not (for example, to turn a boisterous intense child into a mellow laid-back one). Communicate your discipline plan. Be respectful of your child. Be consistent. When it's done, it's done. Understand what's appropriate for your child's development. Look for the "why" behind behaviors.


Question: What's the most effective parenting style for discipline?

Answer: The authoritative parent allows for flexibility and collaborative problem solving with the child when dealing with behavioral challenges. This is the most effective form of parenting. An authoritarian parent has clear expectations and consequences, but shows little affection toward his or her child. A permissive parent shows lots of affection toward his or her child but provides little discipline.


Question: What tests can help diagnose lymphoma?

Answer: For this test, your doctor will remove all or part of a lymph node, or use a needle to take a small amount of tissue from the affected node. You might also have one of these tests to help diagnose, stage, or manage lymphoma: Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy.


Question: How is lymphoma different from leukemia?

Answer: Lymphoma is different from leukemia. Each of these cancers starts in a different type of cell. Lymphoma starts in infection-fighting lymphocytes. Leukemia starts in blood-forming cells inside bone marrow.


Question: What are the two main types of lymphoma?

Answer: Hodgkin Non- Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma involve different types of lymphocyte cells.


Question: What are the two types of stem cell transplants for lymphoma?

Answer: Two types of stem cell transplants can be done: An autologous transplant uses your own stem cells. An allogeneic transplant uses stem cells taken from a donor.


Question: What is a transthoracic echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo. It's a painless test similar to an X-ray, but without radiation. Ultrasound waves are bounced off the heart to make images and sounds that can help your doctor judge your heart's health.


Question: What is the intravascular ultrasound echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: During this procedure, the transducer is threaded into the heart's blood vessels via a catheter in the groin. It is often used to provide detailed information about blockage inside the blood vessels.


Question: What is the dobutamine or adenosine stress echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: In this one, instead of exercising to stress the heart, you're giving a drug that stimulates the heart and makes it "think" it is exercising. It's used when you can't use a treadmill or stationary bike. It shows how well your heart tolerates activity. It can also show your odds of having coronary artery disease, diagnose significant blockages in the arteries; and tell the effectiveness of your cardiac treatment plan.


Question: Why would a doctor order an echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.


Question: How should I prepare for an echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: On the day of most echoes, eat and drink as you normally would. Take all of your medications at the usual times as prescribed by your doctor.


Question: What is an echocardiogram (echo)?

Answer: During this test, high-frequency sound waves, called ultrasound, provide pictures of your heart's valves and chambers. This allows your doctor to see the pumping action of the heart. Echo is often combined with tests called Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to check the blood flow through the heart's valves. Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.


Question: What is a stress echocardiogram?

Answer: Stress: This is done while you exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. This test can show the motion of the hearts walls and the heart's pumping action when it's stressed. It can show a lack of blood flow that isn't always seen on other heart tests. The echo is performed just before and after the exercise.


Question: What is a transthoracic echocardiogram?

Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo. It's a painless test similar to an X-ray, but without radiation. Ultrasound waves are bounced off the heart to make images and sounds that can help your doctor judge your heart's health.


Question: Why do you need an echocardiogram?

Answer: Your doctor may order an echo to: Check the overall health of your heart See if you have heart disease, including heart failure Follow the progress of heart disease See how well your heart treatment is working The types of echoes include: Transthoracic: This is the standard echo.


Question: What is a dobutamine or adenosine stress echocardiogram?

Answer: Dobutamine or adenosine stress: This is another form of stress echo. In this one, instead of exercising to stress the heart, you're giving a drug that stimulates the heart and makes it "think" it is exercising. It's used when you can't use a treadmill or stationary bike. It shows how well your heart tolerates activity. It can also show your odds of having coronary artery disease, diagnose significant blockages in the arteries; and tell the effectiveness of your cardiac treatment plan.


Question: What happens during a stress echocardiogram?

Answer: A cardiac sonographer will place three electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on your chest. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiography monitor ( EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity. The electrodes are attached to an EKG that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. If you are getting a stress test with medication, an IV will be put into a vein in your arm so medication (such as dobutamine) can be delivered directly into your bloodstream. The technician will perform a resting EKG, measure your resting heart rate, and take your blood pressure. The doctor or nurse will put the medication into the IV while the technician continues to get echo images. The medication will cause your heart to react as if you were exercising. At regular intervals, the lab personnel will ask how you are feeling. The IV will be removed from your arm once all of the medication has entered your bloodstream. The medication may cause a warm, flushing feeling and in some cases, a mild headache. If you begin to notice these or other symptoms of concern like chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats, tell the lab personnel immediately. If the test is done on a treadmill or arm ergometer, you will perform exercise until you are fatigued, you reach your target heart rate, or you have symptoms. During activity, your blood pressure will be regularly checked. An echo will be done before and after exertion, and the images will be compared.


Question: What happens during an echocardiogram?

Answer: Echo is often combined with tests called Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to check the blood flow through the heart's valves. On the day of the echo, do not eat or drink anything except water for 4 hours before the test. The guidelines are a bit different if you have diabetes: If you take insulin to control your blood sugar , ask your doctor what amount of your medication you should take the day of the test. You'll be asked to remove your clothing from the waist up. The wand will have a small amount of gel on the end. You may or may not hear the sounds during the test. You may feel coolness from the gel on the transducer and a slight pressure of the transducer on your chest. After the test, you can get dressed and go back to your daily activities. Before your stress echo, a technician will gently rub several small areas on your chest and place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on these areas. The electrodes are attached to an EKG that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. The appointment will take about 60 minutes. Before a transesophageal echo, you will be asked to remove any dentures and lie down on your left side on the exam table.


Question: How is a hysteroscopy done as a fertility test for women?

Answer: Your doctor puts a thin, flexible tube -- with a camera on the end -- through the cervix and into the uterus. He can see problems there and take tissue samples if needed.


Question: How is a laparoscopy done as a fertility test for women?

Answer: Your doctor makes small cuts in your belly and inserts tools, including a camera. This surgery can check your entire pelvis and potentially correct problems, such as endometriosis, a disease that affects the uterus.


Question: How is a transvaginal ultrasound done as a fertility test for women?

Answer: A doctor places an ultrasound "wand" into the vagina and brings it close to the pelvic organs. Using sound waves, he'll be able to see images of the ovaries and uterus to check for problems there.


Question: What questions will your doctor ask for a fertility test?

Answer: He'll want to know things about you and your partner like: Medical history, including any long-term conditions or surgeries Medicines you take Whether you smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, eat or drink things with caffeine, or use illicit drugs If you had contact with chemicals, toxins, or radiation at home or work He'll also want to know about your sex life, such as: How often you have sex Your history of birth control use If you've had sexually transmitted diseases Any problems having sex Whether either of you had sex outside the relationship Your doctor will also have questions about things connected with your periods, such as: Have you been pregnant before? How often have you had periods over the last year? Have you had irregular and missed periods or had spotting between periods? Did you have any changes in blood flow or the appearance of large blood clots? What methods of birth control have you used? Have you ever seen a doctor for infertility, and did you get any treatment?


Question: How is hysterosalpingogram (HSG) used as a fertility test for women?

Answer: You may need tests that check for that. Before you can get pregnant, your uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries all need to work right. The X-rays are taken after your doctor injects liquid dye through the vagina. Another method uses saline and air instead of dye and an ultrasound. The HSG can help you learn if your fallopian tubes are blocked or if you have any defects of your uterus. The test is usually done just after your menstrual period. You may not need to have all these tests.


Question: What causes hepatic encephalopathy (HE)?

Answer: They build up there and cause the mental and physical symptoms of HE. You might have this done to help reroute your blood flow to treat cirrhosis or another long-term disease. There's a chance that this procedure will allow toxins to bypass your liver and move to your brain.


Question: How can weight loss help your knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: If you're overweight, you can cut your pain when you shed a few pounds. A leaner "you" can ease pressure on your joints, reduce inflammation, and help you get around more easily. Even if you don't have knee OA now, you may cut your risk of getting it if you keep your weight under control.


Question: What can you do to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: If you're very overweight or have other health problems, talk to your doctor about other options like low-calorie diets, gastric surgery, or weight loss medications.


Question: Why do you need to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: When you carry extra pounds you also speed up the loss of cartilage in your knees. That's the stuff that creates a cushion between your bones. If you don't have enough, your bones start to rub against each other. And that leads to irritation, pain, and swelling. When you drop a few pounds, you won't reverse your OA or create new cartilage. But it can ease your symptoms, improve how well you get around, and prevent more damage to your joints.


Question: How much weight do you need to lose when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: The more you weigh, the greater the stress. If you shed just 1 pound, you'll take 4 pounds of pressure off of your knees. Drop 10 pounds and you'll take 40 pounds of pressure off. If you're overweight, experts suggest you aim for 10% of how much you weigh now. For instance, if you weigh 200 pounds now, try to lose 20 pounds. Aim for a loss of 1-2 pounds a week.


Question: How does weight matter when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: A leaner "you" can ease pressure on your joints, reduce inflammation, and help you get around more easily. For every step, your knee takes on a force equal to 3-6 times your weight. Even as little as 10 extra pounds puts an additional burden on your knee of 30-60 pounds. The long-term result -- stiff, swollen, and achy joints. The more pounds you lose, the better.


Question: How can you tell if a food allergy is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: Sometimes throwing up is a sign your child is allergic to food she's eaten. Throwing up may be her only symptom, but there could also be others, like trouble breathing, hives, repetitive cough, wheezing, or trouble swallowing. Nine out of 10 allergic reactions are linked to the following foods: Peanuts Tree nuts (almonds, cashews, or walnuts, for example) Fish Shellfish (shrimp, for example) Eggs Milk Wheat Soy Very young babies who try milk, soy, certain grains, and some other solid foods for the first time are at risk for something called âfood protein-induced enterocolitis syndromeâ ( FPIES). It shows up 2 to 6 hours after they eat and makes them throw up many times. They may also have bloody diarrhea. Take your child to the doctor right away if you suspect she has FPIES.


Question: How can you tell if food poisoning is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: Anytime germs hitch a ride on food your kids eat, there's a chance they could get a food-borne illness (food poisoning). Some of the bacteria that usually hide in food are: Salmonella Listeria Campylobacter E. coli You can get food poisoning from almost any food, especially if it hasn't been cooked or stored correctly. The most common culprits are: Meat Poultry Eggs Shellfish Unwashed vegetables, like lettuce Your child might start throwing up within a couple of hours of eating contaminated food. Sometimes it can take a day or two for symptoms to show up. Usually, your child will also have nausea, watery diarrhea, and stomach pain. It's possible for food poisoning to cause fever, but it's common for it to cause throwing up with no fever, too. Symptoms can last anywhere from a couple of hours to several days.


Question: How can you tell if stress is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: It's true -- some kids throw up when they're stressed. It may be because some other health problem, such as an ear infection, is bothering them. Or your child might throw up after crying for a long time. A good way to tell if the throwing up is stress-related is if it happens only once or twice and they don't have any other symptoms like stomach pain or diarrhea.


Question: How effective are probiotics?

Answer: Also talk to your doctor before giving probiotics to your infant, especially if he's sick. They have a lot of promise, but probiotics aren't going to work for everyone. Don't stop any medical treatment you're already getting just because you're trying a probiotic. Once you start, give it a month to see if it works for you. If it doesn't, it's probably time to try something else.


Question: When should I call the doctor if my kid is having breathing problems?

Answer: Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.


Question: When should I get medical attention if my kid is having breathing problems?

Answer: Is gasping for breath Can't cry or talk because of breathing trouble Grunts when breathing Has blue lips May have a small object caught in her throat Is breathing very fast Looks very sick Breathing problems are common in young children, but in some cases they can be serious. Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.


Question: Does hepatitis B go away?

Answer: This means you can give the disease to someone else through: Unprotected sex Contact with your blood or an open sore Sharing needles or syringes Doctors don't know why, but the disease does go away in a small number of carriers. For others, it becomes what's known as chronic. That means you have an ongoing liver infection. It can lead to cirrhosis or hardening of the organ. It scars over and stops working. Some people also get liver cancer.


Question: Who should get the hepatitis B vaccine?

Answer: All newborn babies should get vaccinated. You should also get the shot if you: Come in contact with infected blood or body fluids of friends or family members Use needles to take recreational drugs Have sex with more than one person Are a health care worker Work in a day care center, school, or jail There is no cure for hepatitis B.


Question: How soon do hepatitis B symptoms show up after you catch the virus?

Answer: Light-colored poop Fever Fatigue that persists for weeks or months Stomach trouble like loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting Belly pain Symptoms may not show up until 1 to 6 months after you catch the virus. You might not feel anything. About a third of the people who have this disease don't. They only find out through a blood test.


Question: Can you pass hepatitis B to your baby if you're pregnant?

Answer: Chronic hepatitis B can lead to: Cirrhosis or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure Kidney disease Blood vessel problems If you're pregnant, you might pass the virus to your baby at birth. It's less likely to happen during your pregnancy. If your baby gets the virus and isn't treated, he could have long-term liver problems. All newborns with infected mothers should get hepatitis B immune globulin and the vaccine for hepatitis at birth and during their first year of life.


Question: What does it mean if your hepatitis B infection goes away?

Answer: If the infection goes away, the doctor will tell you you're an inactive carrier. He may prescribe some of these medications to treat it: Entecavir ( Baraclude ).


Question: How does interferon treat chronic hepatitis B?

Answer: This is the newest drug for hepatitis B. Interferon alfa ( Intron A, Roferon A, Sylatron). You take it as a shot for at least 6 months. It doesn't cure the disease. It treats liver inflammation. Long-acting interferon, peginterferon alfa2a ( Pegasys, Pegasys Proclick) can also help. This drug can make you feel bad all over or depressed, and it can and zap your appetite. It also lowers your white blood cell count, which makes it harder to fight off infection.


Question: How is hepatitis B diagnosed?

Answer: He'll test your blood to see if your liver is inflamed. Antibodies are proteins made by your immune cells. If your disease becomes chronic, your doctor might take a tissue sample from your liver, called a biopsy. This will tell him how severe your case is. He'll give you a vaccine and a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin.


Question: Are peptic ulcers slow to heal?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you if you have one and recommend treatments based on the reason behind it. Most of the time, ulcers heal quickly and don't come back once they're treated.


Question: What will your doctor check on after you get peptic ulcer treatment?

Answer: After treatment, your doctor may want to keep a close eye on you, depending on: The size of your ulcer and where it was How well the treatment worked If you had any other problems An ulcer can cause serious problems, like stomach bleeding, if it's not treated.


Question: How long does a peptic ulcer take to heal?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you if you have one and recommend treatments based on the reason behind it. Most of the time, ulcers heal quickly and don't come back once they're treated.


Question: What are complications of peptic ulcers?

Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. After treatment, your doctor may want to keep a close eye on you, depending on: The size of your ulcer and where it was How well the treatment worked If you had any other problems An ulcer can cause serious problems, like stomach bleeding, if it's not treated. An untreated ulcer also can lead to a hole in your stomach, which may need to be fixed with surgery.


Question: What are lifestyle changes that can help treat peptic ulcers?

Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If you have a peptic ulcer, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on what's causing it: The most common remedy is a combination of antibiotic drugs to kill the H. pylori bacteria and medications to get rid of acid in your stomach. Lifestyle changes can help, too. You might need to: Quit smoking.


Question: How is a peptic ulcer diagnosed?

Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If your doctor thinks you might have a peptic ulcer, he'll probably start with a physical exam and some tests: He'll feel your belly and ask if you've had things like tenderness, pain, or bloating. Your doctor may take samples of your blood, stool, or breath for these. In some cases, especially if you're older and your symptoms include things like weight loss or loss of appetite, he might use a long, flexible tube called an endoscope to look down your throat and into your stomach for signs of an ulcer. ( You'll be given medicine to make you sleepy.) An endoscope can also take a small sample of tissue from an ulcer that can be tested in a laboratory. He might ask you to drink a milky liquid called barium before he takes X-rays of your stomach. This drink coats your digestive system and makes problems like ulcers show up more clearly.


Question: How is a peptic ulcer treated?

Answer: If you have a burning pain in your stomach that keeps coming back, a peptic ulcer is one possible reason for it. That's a sore on the inside of your stomach or at the upper portion, or beginning, of your small intestine. If you have a peptic ulcer, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on what's causing it: The most common remedy is a combination of antibiotic drugs to kill the H. pylori bacteria and medications to get rid of acid in your stomach. These typically include proton pump inhibitors (like Aciphex or Nexium), and antibiotics. You'll take PPIs for several weeks. If your ulcer is caused by over-the-counter painkillers, you'll need to quit taking them. He also may give you a drug called a protectant, which coats ulcers to protect them from stomach acid.


Question: What is Addison's disease?

Answer: Addison's disease is a rare condition. Only one in 100,000 people has it. It can happen at any age to either men or women. People with Addison's disease can lead normal lives as long as they take their medication. President John F. Kennedy had the condition.


Question: How is restless legs syndrome (RLS) diagnosed?

Answer: There is no medical test to diagnose RLS; however, doctors may use blood tests and other exams to rule out other conditions. The diagnosis of RLS is based on a patient's symptoms and answers to questions concerning family history of similar symptoms, medication use, the presence of other symptoms or medical conditions, or problems with daytime sleepiness.


Question: What is restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: People with restless legs syndrome have uncomfortable sensations in their legs (and sometimes arms or other parts of the body) and an irresistible urge to move their legs to relieve the sensations.


Question: Who gets restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Restless legs syndrome may affect up to 10% of the U. S. population. It affects both sexes, but is more common in women and may begin at any age, even in young children. Most people who are affected severely are middle-aged or older. RLS is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed. This is especially true if the symptoms are intermittent or mild. Once correctly diagnosed, RLS can often be treated successfully.


Question: Is there a cure for restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Although there is no cure for restless legs syndrome, current treatments can help control the condition, decrease symptoms, and improve sleep.


Question: What drugs are used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Drugs used to treat RLS include: Dopaminergic drugs, which act on the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. Mirapex, Neupro, and Requip are FDA-approved for treatment of moderate to severe RLS. Others, such as levodopa, may also be prescribed. Benzodiazepines, a class of sedative medications, may be used to help with sleep, but they can cause daytime drowsiness. Narcotic pain relievers may be used for severe pain. Anticonvulsants, or antiseizure drugs, such as Tegretol, Lyrica, Neurontin, and Horizant.


Question: What are some other non-drug restless legs syndrome (RLS) treatments?

Answer: Other non-drug RLS treatments may include: Leg massages Hot baths or heating pads or ice packs applied to the legs Good sleep habits A vibrating pad called Relaxis Medications may be helpful as RLS treatments, but the same drugs are not helpful for everyone.


Question: What other factors are associated with the development or worsening of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Other factors associated with the development or worsening of restless legs syndrome include: Chronic diseases. Certain chronic diseases and medical conditions, including iron deficiency, Parkinson's disease, kidney failure, diabetes, and peripheral neuropathy often include symptoms of RLS. Treating these conditions often gives some relief from RLS symptoms. Medications. Some types of medications, including antinausea drugs, antipsychotic drugs, some antidepressants, and cold and allergy medications containing sedating antihistamines, may worsen symptoms. Pregnancy. Some women experience RLS during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester. Symptoms usually go away within a month after delivery.


Question: How can medications help treat restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Other non-drug RLS treatments may include: Leg massages Hot baths or heating pads or ice packs applied to the legs Good sleep habits A vibrating pad called Relaxis Medications may be helpful as RLS treatments, but the same drugs are not helpful for everyone. In fact, a drug that relieves symptoms in one person may worsen them in another. In other cases, a drug that works for a while may lose its effectiveness over time.


Question: What causes restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: In most cases, doctors do not know the cause of restless legs syndrome; however, they suspect that genes play a role. Nearly half of people with RLS also have a family member with the condition.


Question: How can the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) vary?

Answer: Restless legs syndrome ( RLS) is a disorder of the part of the nervous system that causes an urge to move the legs. The sensations are usually worse at rest, especially when lying or sitting. Benzodiazepines, a class of sedative medications, may be used to help with sleep, but they can cause daytime drowsiness. Although there is no cure for restless legs syndrome, current treatments can help control the condition, decrease symptoms, and improve sleep.


Question: When should I call 911 about broken arms in children?

Answer: The bone has broken through the skin. The arm is bleeding heavily. The arm is numb, white, or blue. There is deformity to the arm. As long as you get medical treatment right away, a broken arm usually heals well.


Question: Should I try to straighten a child's arm if it might be broken?

Answer: The bone has broken through the skin. The arm is bleeding heavily. Don't try to straighten the arm.


Question: What is rapid-cycling bipolar disorder?

Answer: Rapid-cycling is a term that describes having four or more mood episodes within a 12-month period. Episodes must last for some minimum number of days in order to be considered distinct episodes. Some people also experience changes in polarity from high to low or vice-versa within a single week, or even within a single day, meaning that the full symptom profile that defines distinct, separate episodes may not be present (for example, the person may not have a decreased need for sleep). Sometimes called "ultra-rapid" cycling, there is debate within psychiatry as to whether this phenomenon is a valid or well-established feature in bipolar disorder. A pattern of rapid cycling can occur at any time in the course of illness, although some researchers believe that it may be more common at later points in the lifetime duration of illness.


Question: What could cause eyelid swelling?

Answer: It's likely to go away on its own within a few days, but if the swelling lasts more than 48 hours or you have any of these symptoms, call your doctor right away: Eye pain Blurry or lost vision The feeling that something is stuck in your eye If your eyelid is swollen, it could be: Pinkeye (conjunctivitis): This is an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or irritants. It happens most often during cold and flu season. Stye: This infection often starts where you eyelash connects to your eye, or in the gland that makes tears. It can cause red bumps around your eyelid that can be sore. Chalazion: This is a small bump on your eyelid like a stye that's caused by blocked oil glands. Allergies: These can make your eyelids swell in some cases. Blepharitis: This is when bacteria and oily flakes get into the base of your eyelashes. It can make your eyelids red, swollen, or itchy, and they may burn. Injury: If you get hit in your eye, blood can collect underneath your eyelid and lead to swelling. Graves' disease: This condition, which affects your thyroid, is an autoimmune disease -- your immune system attacks your own body. Sometimes your eyelids can get inflamed, and that's known as Graves' eye disease or Graves'ophthalmopathy.


Question: What do blinking problems mean for my eyelid health?

Answer: Sometimes you might notice your eyelids twitch -- it happens most often when you're tired. But if you have spasms often or blink or close your eyelids too much, you might have a condition called blepharospasm. Doctors don't know what causes it, but certain things like bright lights and stress can cause eyelid spasms that last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Your doctor might recommend botulinum toxin ( Botox) injections, which can help relax the muscles that control your eyelids. She may check you for dry eyes or other irritating conditions that could cause the eyelid spasms. In rare cases, your doctor may want to check for a more serious issue with your brain or nerves.


Question: What can make my eyes itch?

Answer: Blepharitis and allergies can make your eyes itch, as can certain products you use on or around your eyes. That can happen if you're allergic to any of the ingredients, and the irritation creates a type of eczema called contact dermatitis. The itching and irritation will usually go away if you stop using the product.


Question: What can I do if I have swelling around my eyes?

Answer: It may feel better if you: Rinse your eyes with cool water or put a cool compress on them. Take out your contact lenses if you wear them. Blepharitis and allergies can make your eyes itch, as can certain products you use on or around your eyes.


Question: What do yellow patches on your eyelid mean?

Answer: It can affect your upper or lower lids, but it's more common in the lower lids. The patches themselves are harmless, but high cholesterol can make it more likely for you to get serious problems like a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor can remove the patches if they're uncomfortable -- he might use chemical peels, surgery, or cryotherapy (this involves freezing the patch with liquid nitrogen).


Question: How can eyelid problems and injuries vary?

Answer: Sometimes, they start with your eyelid. Most of the time, these aren't serious and go away on their own, but get medical help right away if your eyes hurt or you have any sudden loss of vision. Eye drops can help, but sometimes the eye irritation can stick around and can even lead to eye infections and scarring.


Question: How can pregnancies cause psoriasis?

Answer: It's more common in pregnant women.


Question: How does quitting smoking lower the risk of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: The habit may trigger the disease in certain people. People who smoke at least a pack a day may have more severe psoriasis flare-ups, too. Treatments don't work as well on smokers, and smokers are less likely to have symptom-free periods between flares. Limit beer, wine, and liquor. If you have psoriasis, you should avoid alcohol or at least limit how much you drink. Alcohol can make men more likely to get psoriasis.


Question: Which drugs cause pustular psoriasis?

Answer: There are many reasons why people get pustular psoriasis. These include: Certain drugs. There's a long list, but the ones you're most likely to run across are: Pain or fever reducers with aspirin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen) Some anti-depressants like lithium or trazodone) Penicillin (antibiotic) Calcipotriol (a psoriasis drug) Coal tar (also used to treat psoriasis) Zinc pyrithione (the active ingredient in dandruff shampoo) Steroids ( Prednisone).


Question: Can pustular psoriasis develop for unknown reasons?

Answer: Sometimes, you never find out what caused your pustular psoriasis.


Question: How can sunlight cause psoriasis?

Answer: Too much time in the sun or under ultraviolet ( UV) light can cause flare-ups.


Question: Should I maintain a healthy weight to prevent psoriasis?

Answer: Doctors don't know if there's a link between extra pounds and psoriasis, but it's wise to try to lose weight safely if you weigh more than you should. People who carry extra pounds have more severe cases of psoriasis, and the treatments for the disease don't work as well.


Question: Should I sunbathe if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Some people have flare-ups of pustular psoriasis after they get a sunburn or if they get too much UV light when they spend time outside or visit a tanning salon. If you're prone to pustular psoriasis, avoid all-day visits to the beach or park, cover up, and wear sunblock when you go outside. Stay away from tanning salons, too.


Question: How does stress increase the risk of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Stress. Sometimes, you never find out what caused your pustular psoriasis. If you have psoriasis, you should avoid alcohol or at least limit how much you drink.


Question: How does a healthy weight lower the risk of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: There are many reasons why people get pustular psoriasis. Doctors don't know if there's a link between extra pounds and psoriasis, but it's wise to try to lose weight safely if you weigh more than you should. People who carry extra pounds have more severe cases of psoriasis, and the treatments for the disease don't work as well. Some people have flare-ups of pustular psoriasis after they get a sunburn or if they get too much UV light when they spend time outside or visit a tanning salon.


Question: How does avoiding alcohol lower the risk of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Alcohol can make men more likely to get psoriasis. People who drink have more flare-ups, and treatments don't help as much as they do for people who don't drink. Avoid stressful people and events, if you can.


Question: Should I limit alcohol consumptoin to prevent psoriasis?

Answer: Alcohol can make men more likely to get psoriasis. People who drink have more flare-ups, and treatments don't help as much as they do for people who don't drink. Avoid stressful people and events, if you can.


Question: How should you talk to your kids about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: You might worry that bringing up sex, drugs, and HIV may be "too much, too soon" or that it will make your child experiment with sex and drugs. Research shows that's not true. Kids are already picking up a lot from friends, TV, movies, social media, and school. For young children, you can start by talking about body parts. Teach your child that it's OK to say "no," even when it's not popular or cool. Children learn from how you react as well as from what you say. Your responses (or lack of them) to questions -- like anger, irritation, or discomfort -- speak volumes about your views, too. Once you start talking about AIDS, though, be prepared to discuss death, too. And that will help to keep them safe.


Question: How can I take care a minor scalp wound in my child?

Answer: You think the injury is serious or if your child: Is younger than 2 Has neck pain Keeps crying Needs stitches for a wide open wound Vomited several times Isn't crying but has clear fluid coming from the ear or nose Has blurry vision Has a bad headache Has memory loss Shows signs of confusion Has a history of brain injury Fell from a height greater than three feet Was struck in the head by an object travelling at a high speed Wash the area with mild soap and water. To stop bleeding, use a sterile cloth and apply pressure for 10 minutes. Ice the area for 20 minutes using ice wrapped in a towel or cloth. Ice the area again after an hour to reduce swelling and pain. Keep an eye on your child for 2 hours. Pay attention to how he walks and talks. Look for changes from his normal behavior. Watch for any signs listed above that indicate you should call the doctor. Give the child only clear liquids.


Question: When should I get medical care for my child after a minor injury?

Answer: Is not breathing Lost consciousness Had a seizure Is hard to wake up Is slurring speech or acting confused Wobbles when walking Has weak arms or legs Can't move his neck as usual Keeps bleeding Has a dent in the skull or a lot of swelling Minor head injuries in young children are scary. And although the wounds are usually small, some head injuries need immediate medical care. You think the injury is serious or if your child: Is younger than 2 Has neck pain Keeps crying Needs stitches for a wide open wound Vomited several times Isn't crying but has clear fluid coming from the ear or nose Has blurry vision Has a bad headache Has memory loss Shows signs of confusion Has a history of brain injury Fell from a height greater than three feet Was struck in the head by an object travelling at a high speed Wash the area with mild soap and water.


Question: How long can you use decongestants?

Answer: Decongestants come in oral or nasal spray forms. Decongestants are used to reduce swelling in the nasal passageways. However, nasal spray decongestants should not be used for more than a few days because, if they are used too long and then stopped, they can cause rebound symptoms.


Question: What is the best flu medicine?

Answer: The flu treatment you should take depends on your symptoms. For example, if you have nasal or sinus congestion, then a decongestant can be helpful.


Question: When should antihistamines be used for the flu?

Answer: If you have a runny nose, postnasal drip, or itchy, watery eyes -- then an antihistamine may be helpful for your flu symptoms. Antihistamines block the effect of "histamine," and help relieve such annoying symptoms as sneezing, itching, and nasal discharge.


Question: Which flu treatment is best for my sore throat?

Answer: Over-the-counter pain relievers and medicated lozenges and gargles can also temporarily soothe a sore throat. Get your doctor's approval before using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs, and don't use lozenges or gargles for more than a few days. Call your doctor if your throat is still sore after a couple of days or if it is severe. The medications could mask signs of strep throat, a bacterial infection that should be treated with antibiotics.


Question: Is it safe to take a decongestant if I have high blood pressure?

Answer: Decongestants can increase blood pressure and heart rate. Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are oral decongestants commonly available in over-the-counter products. Check with your doctor or pharmacist about safety.


Question: Can antibiotics help my flu symptoms?

Answer: Antibiotics cannot help flu symptoms. The flu is caused by a virus, and antibiotics only treat bacterial infections. Taking antibiotics needlessly may increase your risk of getting an infection later that resists antibiotic treatment. If you get a secondary bacterial infection with the flu virus, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to treat the secondary infection.


Question: What are the recommended antiviral drugs for children?

Answer: Talk to your doctor, if you are at increased risk for complications from the flu. These flu drugs can help a child get better sooner and may prevent serious flu complications. Antivirals work best when taken during the first two days of illness. The first dose should be taken within 48 hours of when symptoms started.


Question: Which flu treatment works best for my cough?

Answer: On the pharmacy shelf, you'll find numerous cough medicines with various combinations of decongestants, antihistamines, analgesics/antipyretics, cough suppressants, and expectorants. Ask your pharmacist which combination, if any, would be appropriate for your cough. The medications could mask signs of strep throat, a bacterial infection that should be treated with antibiotics.


Question: What are the side effects of antihistamines and decongestants?

Answer: Check with your doctor or pharmacist as to which medication may be suitable for you. They may also be ingredients in other prescription medicines you may be taking.


Question: How can you get better with depression?

Answer: To get better, you need to take an active role in your treatment. Taking charge of your treatment is one way to feel in control again. Here are some tips. But you and your doctor may sometimes need to try quite a few treatments before landing on the right therapy for you. Take your medicine as prescribed. Never stop taking your medicine without your doctor's OK. Eat healthy foods, high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugars and fats. Be honest. Don't give up. If you give yourself some time and allow your treatment to take effect, you will feel better again.


Question: What is nummular dermatitis?

Answer: Nummular dermatitis consists of distinctive coin-shaped red plaques that are most commonly seen on the legs, hands, arms, and torso. It is more common in men than in women, and the peak age of onset is between 55 and 65. Living in a dry environment or taking frequent very hot showers can cause this condition.


Question: What is atopic dermatitis?

Answer: Atopic dermatitis , or eczema, causes the skin to itch, scale, swell, and sometimes blister. This type of eczema usually runs in families and is often associated with allergies, asthma, and stress. Defects in the skin barrier, allowing moisture out and germs in, may also come into play.


Question: What is dermatitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dermatitis simply means skin inflammation, but it embraces a range of ailments. In most people, the early stages of dermatitis are characterized by red, dry, and itchy skin. More serious dermatitis may result in crusty scales, painful cracks, or blisters that ooze fluid. Since many things can irritate the skin, a doctor will try to narrow the diagnosis to a specific category of dermatitis, even though treatment is similar for most types of skin irritation and inflammation.


Question: What is stasis dermatitis?

Answer: In this case, the irritant is the water that is drying out and damaging the skin with repeated exposure. Veins in the lower legs fail to return blood efficiently, causing pooling of blood and fluid buildup and swelling. This swelling leads to skin irritation and darkening, especially around the ankles.


Question: Which insurance companies provide coverage for intravenous steroid treatment?

Answer: Where you get IV steroid treatment may depend on your insurance coverage or what's available in your area.


Question: What are the common side effects of IV steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Here are some possible, short-term side effects from taking steroids: Mood swings Swollen hands, ankles, or feet Bigger appetite Sleep problems like insomnia High blood pressure Upset stomach Cramps Back pain Headache Metallic taste in your mouth Flushed face Rash Heart palpitations Follow these tips to ease steroid side effects: Suck on hard candies or mints while you have your infusion to ease the metal taste.


Question: What medications are used to treat an acute attack of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Dexamethasone ( Decadron) is another liquid steroid used to treat MS flares.


Question: What are the long-term side effects of IV steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: But these medications don't affect the long-term course of your MS.


Question: After treatment for multiple sclerosis, can I return to my daily activities?

Answer: The most common MS flare treatment is 1 gram of intravenous ( IV) methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) daily for 3 to 5 days.


Question: Does insurance cover IV steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Where you get IV steroid treatment may depend on your insurance coverage or what's available in your area.


Question: What steroid medications are used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Dexamethasone ( Decadron) is another liquid steroid used to treat MS flares.


Question: What can someone expect the day of steroid treatment?

Answer: Steroids will work best to treat your MS flare if you start treatment within 14 days after the symptoms began. The most common MS flare treatment is 1 gram of intravenous ( IV) methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) daily for 3 to 5 days. Be sure the doctor knows if you have diabetes because steroids can affect your blood sugar levels.


Question: What can happen during an acute attack of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common MS flare treatment is 1 gram of intravenous ( IV) methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) daily for 3 to 5 days. Your IV treatment is also called an infusion. You'll take 500 milligrams of medicine for 5 days. Oral prednisone may work as well as IV steroids to ease MS flare symptoms.


Question: What are the characteristics of an acute attack of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common MS flare treatment is 1 gram of intravenous ( IV) methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) daily for 3 to 5 days. Your IV treatment is also called an infusion. You'll take 500 milligrams of medicine for 5 days. Oral prednisone may work as well as IV steroids to ease MS flare symptoms.


Question: What can I expect the day of steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Steroids will work best to treat your MS flare if you start treatment within 14 days after the symptoms began. The most common MS flare treatment is 1 gram of intravenous ( IV) methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) daily for 3 to 5 days. You can get IV steroid infusions at your doctor's office, a clinic, hospital, or even at your home. Be sure the doctor knows if you have diabetes because steroids can affect your blood sugar levels.


Question: What treatments will patients usually receive?

Answer: It may take up to 6 months to get back to how you normally feel. You may need a prescription sleep medicine. Hopefully, one course of steroids will treat your MS flare. You may also need a course of oral steroids if some of your symptoms came back after you're done with your infusion treatments.


Question: What are the side effects of intravenous steroids?

Answer: There are different types, and all of these drugs have side effects. Here are some possible, short-term side effects from taking steroids: Mood swings Swollen hands, ankles, or feet Bigger appetite Sleep problems like insomnia High blood pressure Upset stomach Cramps Back pain Headache Metallic taste in your mouth Flushed face Rash Heart palpitations Follow these tips to ease steroid side effects: Suck on hard candies or mints while you have your infusion to ease the metal taste.


Question: How long is a course of intravenous treatment to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It may take up to 6 months to get back to how you normally feel. You may need a prescription sleep medicine. Hopefully, one course of steroids will treat your MS flare.


Question: Is it safe to take more dairy products if I use IV steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Let your doctor know if you can't sleep while on steroids. If you feel ill after you're done with IV steroids, your doctor may prescribe 1 or 2 weeks of prednisone pills.


Question: What happens during a coronary calcium scan?

Answer: These patches connect to what's called an EKG machine, which helps the person running the scan know exactly when to take pictures of your heart. If you get nervous in closed or tight spaces, you can get medicine that will help keep you calm. You may also get medicine to slow your heart so they can take better pictures. During the test, you'll lie on your back on a table that slowly moves into the CT scanner. The scanner is a hollow tube, so it's like sliding into a tunnel. Your head stays out of the tube at all times.


Question: What is a coronary calcium scan?

Answer: This heart scan uses a special type of X-ray called a CT scan. It takes pictures of your arteries, the vessels that carry blood away from your heart, to check for calcium. You may hear this scan called by several different names: Coronary calcium scan Calcium scan test Cardiac CT for calcium scoring The calcium that the scan is looking for is tied in with plaque.


Question: Why should I get a coronary calcium scan?

Answer: You may hear this scan called by several different names: Coronary calcium scan Calcium scan test Cardiac CT for calcium scoring The calcium that the scan is looking for is tied in with plaque. This is not the stuff you get on your teeth, but a different kind found in your arteries. It's made partly of fat and calcium, and it's not good for your heart. The coronary calcium scan tells you how much calcified plaque is in your heart's arteries. You and your doctor can take the results and decide if you need to make any changes to your medicine or lifestyle.


Question: What herbal remedies can affect birth control pills?

Answer: A number of these don't mix well with birth control pills. Some that you should avoid: St. John's wort. Some people use it to treat mild to moderate depression and sleep disorders. A study shows that women who took birth control pills and St. John's wort at the same time had higher rates of breakthrough bleeding and an increased breakdown of estrogen in their bodies, signs that the contraceptives might not work as well as they should. Other herbal remedies that may affect how well your birth control pills work are: Saw palmetto. Some people have tried it for hair loss. Alfalfa. It's used for kidney, bladder, and prostate problems. Garlic pills. Some people take these for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and other heart and blood diseases. Flaxseed. This is used for digestion problems like severe constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What anti-seizure drugs can affect birth control pills?

Answer: That could make them less effective. These drugs include: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) Felbamate ( Felbatol) Oxcarbazepine ( Trileptal) Phenobarbital ( Luminal) Phenytoin ( Dilantin, Phenytek) Primidone ( Mysoline) Topiramate ( Topamax) Be sure to use another form of birth control (like an IUD, a diaphragm, or a condom) if you take anti-seizure medication. Birth control medication won't interfere with how well your anti-seizure drugs work.


Question: What anti-HIV drugs may interfere with your birth control pills?

Answer: Some meds that treat HIV may interfere with the pill. They include: Darunavir ( Prezista) Efavirenz ( Sustiva) Lopinavir/ritonavir ( Kaletra) Nevirapine ( Viramune) Other HIV drugs may be OK. Talk to your doctor about what medicine is best for you.


Question: What antibiotics can interfere with birth control pills?

Answer: For the most part, you don't have to worry about taking these drugs. So far, the only antibiotic that studies show interferes with birth control is rifampin ( Rifadin), a drug used to treat tuberculosis. Rifampin causes irregular periods.


Question: What anti-fungal medications can affect birth control pills?

Answer: Doctors prescribe them to treat all kinds of infections caused by bacteria, like pneumonia, acne, and urinary tract infections ( UTIs). Scientists believe the risk of anti-fungal meds affecting your birth control pills is low, so check with your doctor.


Question: How does pregnancy affect women with deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: While you're expecting a baby, and up to 6 weeks after you deliver, your chances of DVT are four to five times greater because of hormonal and physical changes in your body. Blood flow slows down, making it more likely to pool and clot. Your expanding uterus can press on veins, making it harder for blood to get through. It also gets more difficult for you to move and stay active. All of these increase your risk for DVT.


Question: How does traveling affect deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: If you don't take a blood-thinner medication, your doctor may want you to use a device that gently squeezes your legs to keep blood flowing. Even if you don't have other risk factors, be aware, especially when you're traveling. Symptoms of DVT can include pain in your ankle, calf, or thigh when you stand or walk, or a sudden swelling, warmth, or redness in your skin.


Question: When should someone consider estrogen-free birth control relative to deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Some aspects of your health can make this type of birth control more dangerous. Talk to your doctor about estrogen-free methods, such as progestin-only birth control pills, an IUD, the shot, or the implant if you're: Significantly overweight Smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day and are older than 35 Have high cholesterol or high blood pressure Some older women take estrogen therapy (or a combination of estrogen and progestin) to help relieve symptoms of menopause.


Question: When would a doctor prescribe medicine that prevents blood clots from forming?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe a medicine that prevents blood clots from forming if: You have a blood clotting disorder or had a clot before.


Question: Which types of birth control increase the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Three kinds of birth control have estrogen: combination pills, the patch, and the ring. While these methods are considered safe for most women, they do increase the likelihood of DVT. Combination birth control pills could more than triple your risk, though the risk overall is still small.


Question: What can you not eat on the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox?

Answer: Not allowed: Anything that has to be chewed, processed food, meat, cow's milk, alcohol, salt, or coffee (except in that weekly enema).