Question: What is perineal prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer?

Answer: The surgeon removes the prostate through a cut between your anus and testicles. Doctors can also do prostatectomy through very small cuts in your pelvis using tiny tools. This technique is called laparoscopy, and the cuts are smaller than in the other operations. A surgeon can also use robotic arms to control the surgical tools and make more precise cuts, called robotic surgery.


Question: What are side-effects of surgery for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer?

Answer: Your surgeon will try not to damage nerves and other structures around your prostate during surgery, but sometimes, it's not possible. If your cancer has spread to those nerves, doctors will have to remove them. If that happens, you might have side effects afterward, including: A leaky bladder or trouble controlling your urine Trouble getting or keeping an erection or having orgasms Loss of your ability to get a woman pregnant Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.


Question: What are side-effects of radiation for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer?

Answer: Your doctor will do everything possible to keep from harming the area around your prostate, but some men have side effects from radiation, such as: Diarrhea, blood in their stool, and other bowel problems Trouble controlling urination, or a leaky bladder Erection problems Feeling tired Radiation and surgery are the main treatments for early-stage prostate cancer.


Question: What should you do if you missed two birth control pills?

Answer: If you don't remember until the next day, go ahead and take 2 pills that day. If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day. You will then be back on schedule.


Question: What should you do if you missed one birth control pill?

Answer: If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day.


Question: Should you use another form of birth control if you forgot to take a birth control pill

Answer: Any time you forget to take a pill, you must use another form of birth control until you finish the pill pack. When you forget to take a birth control pill, you increase the chance of releasing an egg from your ovary.


Question: What happens if you forget to take your placebo pills for birth control?

Answer: But if you forget to take any of the last 7 (or last 4 of a 4-pill placebo pack or last 2 of a 2-pill placebo pack) out of the 28 day pills, you will not raise your chance of pregnancy, because these pills contain only inactive ingredients. Some pill packs don't have any placebo pills, so it's best to take all of your pills on schedule so you can stay on track.


Question: Does radon gas cause lung cancer?

Answer: Radon gas Radon gas is a natural, chemically inert gas that is a natural decay product of uranium. It decays to form products that emit a type of ionizing radiation. Radon gas is a known cause of lung cancer, with an estimated 12% of lung cancer deaths attributable to radon gas, or 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer-related deaths annually in the U. S. As with asbestos exposure, concomitant smoking greatly increases the risk of lung cancer with radon exposure. Radon gas can travel up through soil and enter homes through gaps in the foundation, pipes, drains, or other openings. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that one out of every 15 homes in the U. S. contains dangerous levels of radon gas. Radon gas is invisible and odorless, but can be detected with simple test kits.


Question: How can smoking affect your risk of getting lung cancer?

Answer: Smoking The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack-year smoking history. While the risk of lung cancer is increased with even a 10 pack-year smoking history, those with 30 pack-year histories or more are considered to have the greatest risk for the development of lung cancer. Among those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer. But even though the risk is higher the more you smoke, there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke.


Question: Does cigarette smoking cause lung cancer?

Answer: Smoking The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack-year smoking history. While the risk of lung cancer is increased with even a 10 pack-year smoking history, those with 30 pack-year histories or more are considered to have the greatest risk for the development of lung cancer. Among those who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer. But even though the risk is higher the more you smoke, there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke.


Question: Does pipe and cigar smoking cause lung cancer?

Answer: Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarettes. While someone who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a risk for the development of lung cancer that is 25 times higher than a nonsmoker, pipe and cigar smokers have a risk of lung cancer that is about five times that of a nonsmoker.


Question: How can pipe and cigar smoking affect your risk of getting lung cancer?

Answer: Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarettes. While someone who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a risk for the development of lung cancer that is 25 times higher than a nonsmoker, pipe and cigar smokers have a risk of lung cancer that is about five times that of a nonsmoker.


Question: Do survivors of lung cancer have a greater risk of developing lung cancer?

Answer: Prior history of lung cancer Survivors of lung cancer have a greater risk than the general population of developing a second lung cancer. Survivors of non-small cell lung cancers have an added risk of 1%-2% per year for developing a second lung cancer. In survivors of small cell lung cancers, the risk for development of second cancers approaches 6% per year.


Question: Is there a familial predisposition to lung cancer?

Answer: Familial predisposition While the majority of lung cancers are associated with tobacco smoking, the fact that not all smokers eventually develop lung cancer suggests that other factors, such as individual genetic susceptibility, may play a role in the causation of lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer is more likely to occur in both smoking and nonsmoking relatives of those who have had lung cancer than in the general population.


Question: How can tobacco smoke affect your risk of getting lung cancer?

Answer: Tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemical compounds, many of which have been shown to be cancer-causing, or carcinogenic. The two primary carcinogens in tobacco smoke are chemicals known as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The risk of developing lung cancer decreases each year following smoking cessation as normal cells grow and replace damaged cells in the lung. In former smokers, the risk of developing lung cancer begins to approach that of a nonsmoker about 15 years after cessation of smoking.


Question: How can passive smoking affect your risk for lung cancer?

Answer: Passive smoking Passive smoking, or the inhalation of secondhand tobacco smoke from other smokers sharing living or working quarters, is also an established risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Research has shown that nonsmokers who reside with a smoker have a 24% increase in risk for developing lung cancer when compared with other nonsmokers. An estimated 7,300 lung cancer deaths occur each year in the U. S. that are attributable to passive smoking.


Question: How can familial predisposition affect your risk for lung cancer?

Answer: Familial predisposition While the majority of lung cancers are associated with tobacco smoking, the fact that not all smokers eventually develop lung cancer suggests that other factors, such as individual genetic susceptibility, may play a role in the causation of lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer is more likely to occur in both smoking and nonsmoking relatives of those who have had lung cancer than in the general population.


Question: How can asbestos fibers affect your risk for lung cancer?

Answer: Asbestos fibers Asbestos fibers are silicate fibers that can persist for a lifetime in lung tissue following exposure to asbestos. The workplace is a common source of exposure to asbestos fibers, as asbestos was widely used in the past for both thermal and acoustic insulation materials. Today, asbestos use is limited or banned in many countries including the Unites States. Both lung cancer and mesothelioma (a type of cancer of the pleura or of the lining of the abdominal cavity called the peritoneum) are associated with exposure to asbestos. Cigarette smoking drastically increases the chance of developing an asbestos-related lung cancer in exposed workers. Asbestos workers who do not smoke have a fivefold greater risk of developing lung cancer than non-smokers, and those asbestos workers who smoke have a risk that is 50 to 90 times greater than non-smokers.


Question: Does lung disease cause lung cancer?

Answer: Lung disease The presence of certain diseases of the lung, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), is associated with a slightly increased risk (four to six times the risk of a nonsmoker) for the development of lung cancer even after the effects of concomitant cigarette smoking are excluded.


Question: What does long-term, open-ended treatment for drug addiction mean?

Answer: Counseling is a mainstay of drug abuse treatment for many people.


Question: What therapies are available for opioid addiction?

Answer: No one method is known to be better than another. Likewise, no one approach works for everyone with opiate addiction. The right treatment plan will be tailored to your addiction and individual needs.


Question: How does cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) work?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that fire up drug cravings. A therapist teaches you how to avoid these triggers. You'll learn to replace negative thoughts and feelings with healthy ones that will help you stay clean. The skills you'll learn can last a lifetime, so this is a powerful treatment method. But not all therapists are trained in cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.


Question: What happens to children with conduct disorder?

Answer: These include antisocial and other personality disorders, mood or anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. Children with conduct disorder are also at risk for school-related problems, such as failing or dropping out, substance abuse, legal problems, injuries to self or others due to violent behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, and suicide. Treatment outcomes can vary greatly, but early intervention may help to reduce the risk for incarcerations, mood disorders, and the development of other comorbidities such as substance abuse.


Question: What causes conduct disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of conduct disorder is not known, but it is believed that a combination of biological, genetic, environmental, psychological, and social factors play a role.


Question: Can a troubled family or social life cause conduct disorder?

Answer: Environmental: Factors such as a dysfunctional family life, childhood abuse, traumatic experiences, a family history of substance abuse, and inconsistent discipline by parents may contribute to the development of conduct disorder. Psychological: Some experts believe that conduct disorders can reflect problems with moral awareness (notably, lack of guilt and remorse) and deficits in cognitive processing. Social: Low socioeconomic status and not being accepted by their peers appear to be risk factors for the development of conduct disorder.


Question: Is conduct disorder inherited?

Answer: Genetics: Many children and teens with conduct disorder have close family members with mental illnesses, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and personality disorders. This suggests that a vulnerability to conduct disorder may be at least partially inherited.


Question: How can I tell if my cat is purring because of affection?

Answer: Kittens can purr when they're only a few days old. It's probably a way to let their mothers know where they are or that they're OK. Purring also helps a kitten bond with its mother. Mama cats use it like a lullaby.


Question: How is a biopsy done to diagnose throat cancer?

Answer: Common ones include: A biopsy collects a tissue sample that gets examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells. It's the only way to know for sure if a tumor is cancer and what kind it is. The procedure may be done with surgery, fine needles, or an endoscope -- a flexible tube with a camera that's lowered into the throat through your nose or mouth. A tool on the end will take the biopsy.


Question: What is oropharynx throat cancer?

Answer: This part is behind your mouth. Cancer is most likely to grow in the tonsils, the back of the tongue, or the soft palate.


Question: Are there different stages of throat cancer?

Answer: Each type of this cancer has its own rules for staging, which describes how severe the disease is.


Question: How does radiation therapy treat throat cancer?

Answer: Your treatment will depend on: The stage of your cancer Where it is Your general health Your preferences You may have one or more treatments: Radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It's given outside your body by a machine, or inside by radioactive seeds planted near the cancer. Sometimes radiation is the only treatment needed for early-stage cancers.


Question: What are the symptoms of throat cancers?

Answer: You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks.


Question: What happens if cancer in the oropharynx is found?

Answer: These include: MRI or CT scan PET scan X-rays If cancer of the oropharynx is found, the sample may be tested for HPV. Usually, someone's health outlook is better if their disease tests positive for this virus rather than being smoking-related cancer.


Question: What can you do to help your recovery from throat cancer?

Answer: Your treatment might take a lot out of you. So get enough rest, exercise when you can, and fill your plate with healthy food, like fruits and veggies. Quit tobacco and limit alcohol. Smoking and drinking can make treatments less effective, and they raise your risk of getting another cancer. Keep your appointments. Your doctor will follow you closely for the first few years.


Question: What are the symptoms of throat cancer?

Answer: You may have: Voice changes like cracking or hoarseness Trouble swallowing or breathing Sore throat, cough, or earache that won't go away Headache Neck lump Unexplained weight loss See your doctor right away if any symptoms last for more than a few weeks.


Question: How does surgery help treat throat cancer?

Answer: Surgery may be done through incisions with a scalpel. It may also be less invasive -- going in through the mouth with a tube called an endoscope, or with lasers or robotic techniques.


Question: How can you protect your kids from throat cancer?

Answer: You can help protect your kids from it in the future by having your children get the HPV vaccines. Kids should start the series of shots between 11 and 12 years old.


Question: What are other risk factors for throat cancer?

Answer: Other risk factors include: Gender. Men are five times more likely to get it than women. Age. Most people get diagnosed after 65. Race. African- American men are at the biggest risk. Chemical exposure. This includes being around asbestos, nickel, and sulfuric acid fumes.


Question: How are targeted therapy drugs used to treat throat cancer?

Answer: Targeted therapy drugs can starve cancer cells by blocking substances they need to grow. Your doctor can prescribe you medication to help you manage pain.


Question: What characterizes stage III throat cancer?

Answer: Stage III diseases may have gone to lymph nodes or other parts of the throat.


Question: What characterizes stage IV throat cancer?

Answer: And stage IV cancers may have spread to lymph nodes and different parts of the head, neck, or chest. The most serious stage IV cancers have traveled to distant parts of the body like the lungs or liver.


Question: What do I need to know about periorbital cellulitis?

Answer: Adults can get it, but children under 2 are most likely to have it. It happens when bacteria attack the soft tissue around your eye, including your eyelid. These germs can get into your skin through a cut or scratch, or they can get to the area through an infection in your sinuses. It also can be a reaction to a stye (a tender bump on your eyelid that forms when a gland on your eyelid gets infected). Periorbital cellulitis is sometimes called preseptal cellulitis because it happens outside a part of your skull called the orbital septum. A layer of tissue keeps the infection from spreading to your eye, so it usually doesn't affect your vision.


Question: What are symptoms of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer: The most common signs of periorbital cellulitis are: Redness and swelling around the eye A cut, scratch, or insect bite near the eye The skin in the affected area is tender to the touch and might feel a little tough. The white of the eye might look red. Periorbital cellulitis doesn't cause a fever or pain. If you or your child has a fever and swelling and it hurts to move the affected eye, get medical help right away. These things can be caused by a more serious condition called orbital cellulitis that affects the eye itself.


Question: What if my partner reacts badly to the news that I have genital herpes?

Answer: In that case, don't get defensive. Allow him or her some time to think it over in private, calm down, and come to terms with it. It may not be the first challenge you've faced together, and if the relationship is valuable enough to continue, it won't be the last.


Question: How can I remember my health info if I have to travel with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Write out a brief medical history and list of medications you take. Include contact information for your primary care doctor and rheumatologist, as well as your health insurance information.


Question: How can I choose the right suitcase if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Buy a suitcase or bag with wheels, and push instead of pulling it. Use both hands to take it easy on your hands and shoulders.


Question: Should I bring a doctor's note if I'm flying with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you use medications that require needles, bring a doctor's note or prescription in case you're asked about them at airport security.


Question: Should I look for amenities where I stay if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you use a cane, you can take it on board with you.


Question: Should I avoid stops if I'm flying with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When possible, choose nonstop flights. That way you won't have to walk long distances through unfamiliar airports.


Question: Should I pick my room location if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you make hotel reservations, look for a room on or near the main level so you can skip the stairs.


Question: Should I pack light if I am traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your bags will be easier to carry. If you find that you must lift your suitcase -- into your car trunk or the overhead bin on a plane, for example -- find someone who can help.


Question: Should I move around while I'm traveling with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Sitting for hours in a car, plane, bus, or train can lead to stiff joints. When driving, stop once an hour to stretch and walk. When you fly, take a train, or ride a bus, try to get an aisle seat so you can stretch and get up and walk.


Question: What are focal seizures?

Answer: Focal seizures are different. They're less intense and usually last no more than a minute or two. Part of their body, like an arm, might get stiff or go floppy. You may see repeated, rhythmic, or jerking movements in one place or that spread to different body parts. The person could zone out or stare at nothing. They may or may not realize what's happening but can't control it. When it's over, they won't remember a thing.


Question: When should you call 911 for someone having a seizure?

Answer: Get medical help when: It's a child's first seizure. The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. Another seizure begins soon after the first. The person doesn't "wake up" after the movements have stopped. The person was injured during the seizure. If you're concerned that something else may be wrong, or the person has another medical condition such as heart disease or diabetes, call a doctor.


Question: What can you do for someone having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?

Answer: It's all about taking precautions. For someone having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure: Give them room. Keep other people back. Clear hard or sharp objects, like glasses and furniture, away. Cushion their head. Loosen clothing around their neck, if you can safely. Don't try to hold them down or stop their movements. Don't put anything in their mouth. Contrary to popular myth, you can't swallow your tongue during a seizure. But putting something in their mouth could damage their teeth, or they might bite you. If their head isn't moving, turn it to one side. Look at your watch at the start of the seizure, so you can time its length. Remember, this probably isn't an emergency, although it may look like one. After the jerking stops, gently place them on their side, to help keep their airway clear.


Question: Can breast cancer treatment cause changes in weight?

Answer: Weight loss might be due to nausea, vomiting, or appetite changes. Weight gain is sometimes brought on by chemotherapy, or hormone therapy, which can both cause early menopause. But some other medications you may take can also cause you to put on extra pounds, as can changes in your diet and being less active.


Question: When is burping a problem?

Answer: Burping as many as four times after a meal is normal. But some illnesses can make you burp a lot more than that: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), sometimes called acid reflux, happens when acid in your stomach flows back into your esophagus and causes heartburn. If you have this only occasionally, you can treat it with over-the-counter medicines. But if you have it a lot, you may need to make changes in your diet or take prescription drugs. Indigestion, also called dyspepsia, causes pain or discomfort in your upper belly. It can come with belching, bloating, heartburn, nausea, or vomiting. Gastritis happens when the lining of your stomach is irritated. Helicobacter pylori is a kind of bacteria that can cause an infection in your stomach and lead to ulcers. Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) can also cause belly cramps, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation.


Question: Why am I burping?

Answer: But if it happens often, it can be a sign of a health problem. If you burp a lot, it's probably time to find out why.


Question: When are you most likely to burp?

Answer: You're more likely to swallow air and burp if you: Chew gum Smoke Eat too quickly Suck on hard candies Have dentures that don't fit right Foods with a lot of fat or oil in them can cause heartburn. This also can make you burp. So can drinks with caffeine or alcohol.


Question: How can I stop burping?

Answer: If you're concerned about how much you burp, talk with your doctor. She might have some suggestions to help keep it from happening. She also may run tests to look for signs of a health problem. If no medical issue is causing you to burp, you might try some of these: Eat or drink more slowly. You're less likely to swallow air. Don't eat things like broccoli, cabbage, beans, or dairy products. They can lead to gas in your stomach or intestines and make you burp. Stay away from soda and beer. Don't chew gum. Stop smoking. Your doctor will give you lots of reasons to do this, but it also can help cut down on how much you burp. Take a walk after eating. A bit of exercise can help your digestion. Take an antacid.


Question: Why do people burp?

Answer: There your body uses acid, bacteria, and chemicals called enzymes to break it down into nutrients it uses for energy. If you swallow air along with your food or if you drink something like a soda or beer that has bubbles in it, those gases can come back up through your esophagus. That's a burp.


Question: What is tarextumab for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: These âcheckpointsâ prevent them from killing cancer cells.


Question: When do you get immunotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: But SCLC is an aggressive disease that grows quickly. It often becomes resistant to the chemotherapy drugs. Most of the time, the cancer returns. That's when it's time to try immunotherapy. Because scientists are still studying the drugs, doctors are careful about when to prescribe them. They can cause serious side effects, like inflammation of the organs. Your doctor will weigh the pros and cons. Most people get immunotherapy after two or more rounds of chemotherapy.


Question: How can your personal history affect your risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer: If you've already had colorectal cancer, you could get it again, especially if you had it for the first time before age 60. Also, people who have chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, are more likely to develop colorectal cancer than other people.


Question: What should you do if you think you may be at risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer: If you have one or more of these risk factors, it doesn't mean that you will develop colorectal cancer. But you should talk about your risk factors with your doctor. She may be able to suggest ways to lower your chances and tell you when you need to get checked.


Question: How can I avoid mold allergy symptoms?

Answer: And the best way to avoid mold is to avoid moisture. Keep the house dry -- don't let water build up anywhere, ventilate damp rooms, wipe shower walls and doors after use. Don't leave wet clothes in the washing machine where mold can quickly grow. Wash shower curtains and bathroom tiles regularly with mold-killing products. Don't have too many indoor plants -- especially in the bedroom -- as mold can grow in plant soil. Fix any leaks or seepage in the house, indoors and out. Put plastic over dirt in crawlspaces and keep them well ventilated. Use exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathrooms.


Question: How will my ruptured tendon be treated?

Answer: The person may be given a sling, cast, crutches, brace, or other device. The person may be prescribed medications.


Question: How can I ease swelling and prevent injury to my ruptured tendon?

Answer: Use RICE method: Rest the injured area and keep weight off it. Feeling pain is usually an indication that you are doing too much too soon. Ice the injured area to ease swelling. Compress injury by gently wrapping with an elastic bandage. Specialized braces from your health care provider can also be used to provide compression. Elevate injured area above the heart level, if possible.


Question: What sleeping tips can help snoring if you have allergies or breathing problems?

Answer: If you suffer from allergies, try to eliminate allergens in the bedroom -- such as removing pets, regularly washing your sheets in hot water to remove dust mites, and removing any mold. Sleep on your side. Use a humidifier if the air in your home is too dry.


Question: What can be done if you have a jaw or mouth abnormality that causes snoring?

Answer: Your doctor will also examine your throat and nasal passages for any signs of nasal, mouth, dental, jaw, or throat deformities that may contribute to snoring.


Question: What is the Inspire device, and how can it help with sleep apnea?

Answer: An implanted device called Inspire. The device, called an upper airway stimulator, consists of a small pulse generator placed under the skin in the upper chest. A wire leading to the lung detects the person's natural breathing pattern. Another wire, leading up to the neck, delivers mild stimulation to nerves that control airway muscles, keeping them open.


Question: Why can over-the-counter products be dangerous if used for snoring problems?

Answer: You can also take a sleep-monitoring study, which will analyze if, when, and how often you stop breathing during sleep.


Question: What products can help you sleep if you snore?

Answer: A variety of products designed to help you sleep on your side -- a position that can decrease snoring -- may help some people. A variety of products designed to dilate the nasal passages, such as nasal strips or nasal support devices, may work in some people with congestion or nasal abnormalities.


Question: How is snoring 'diagnosed'?

Answer: Your doctor will also examine your throat and nasal passages for any signs of nasal, mouth, dental, jaw, or throat deformities that may contribute to snoring. If your doctor suspects that you have obstructive sleep apnea, your partner may be asked to keep a diary noting your sleeping and snoring patterns. You can also take a sleep-monitoring study, which will analyze if, when, and how often you stop breathing during sleep.


Question: What are CPAP device and BPAP devices, and how do they help with sleep apnea?

Answer: If your doctor suspects that you have sleep apnea, treatment may include: Weight loss, if you are overweight A CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) device or BPAP (bilevel postitive airway pressure) device; this is a mask-like device that you wear at night to maintain air pressure in your nose and keep airways open.


Question: What can I do for walking aids to aid my multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Long-handled gardening tools so you don't have to bend to plant or weed Wheeled cart to hold your gardening tools These will help keep you on your feet if MS affects your balance and coordination: Canes Crutches Walkers If walking gets too hard for you, you can switch to a wheelchair or power scooter.


Question: What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children?

Answer: Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Not everyone with GERD has heartburn, but the primary symptoms of GERD are heartburn, regurgitation, and an acid taste in the mouth. Heartburn usually is described as a burning pain in the middle of the chest. It may start high in the abdomen or may extend up the neck or back. Sometimes the pain may be sharp or pressure-like, rather than burning. Such pain can mimic heart pain (angina). Typically, heartburn related to GERD is seen more commonly after a meal. Other symptoms of GERD include: Hoarseness; if acid reflux gets past the upper esophageal sphincter, it can enter the throat (pharynx) and even the voice box (larynx), causing hoarseness or sore throat. Laryngitis Chronic dry cough, especially at night; GERD is a common cause of unexplained coughing. It is not clear how cough is caused or aggravated by GERD. Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: When should you call your doctor about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: Can prescription drugs lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Prescription drugs : There are more than 200 prescription drugs that can cause erectile dysfunction. Speak with your doctor if you think one of your medications may be causing this in you.


Question: Can prostate enlargement lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Prostate enlargement : It's a normal part of aging for many men.


Question: Why can tobacco, alcohol, or drug use lead to erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Tobacco , alcohol, or drug use: All three can damage your blood vessels. If you have artery problems, smoking will make ED much more likely.


Question: What types of liver cancers are there?

Answer: Because the liver is made up of several different types of cells, several types of tumors can form there. Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have.


Question: What are some other risk factors for liver cancer?

Answer: Other risk factors for liver cancer may include: Your sex. Men are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma than women. Your weight. Obesity can increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Your race. In the U. S., liver cancer is most common in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Anabolic steroid use. Male hormonesabused by athletes to increase muscle can slightly increase liver cancer risk with long-term use. History of diabetes. Studies have suggested a link between diabetes and liver cancer. This is likely due to the link between diabetes and fatty liver disease. Inherited metabolic diseases. Diseases that disrupt the normal metabolism of the body have been shown to increase your risk of liver cancer. Rare diseases. Studies have found a link between liver cancer and some rare diseases like alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and Wilson's disease.


Question: What kind of tumors can form in the liver?

Answer: Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have. The more common benign tumors of the liver include: Hemangioma Hepatic adenoma Focal nodular hyperplasia Cysts Lipoma Fibroma Leiomyoma None of these tumors are treated like liver cancer.


Question: Which liver tumors are cancerous?

Answer: Liver cancers include: Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) Cholangiocarcinoma ( These are really cancers of the bile duct.


Question: What does the liver do?

Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver.


Question: What increases risk for liver cancer?

Answer: Various cancer-causing substances are associated with primary liver cancer, including certain herbicides and chemicals such as vinyl chloride and arsenic. Smoking, especially if you abuse alcohol as well, also increases risk. Aflatoxins, cancer-causing substances made by a type of plant mold, have also been implicated. Aflatoxins can contaminate wheat, peanuts, rice, corn, and soybeans. These are rare problems in most developed countries like the U. S. Other causes include the hormones androgen and estrogen and a dye formerly used in medical tests called thorotrast.


Question: What is primary liver cancer and how common is it?

Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver. Most liver cancer is secondary or metastatic, meaning it started elsewhere in the body. Primary liver cancer, which starts in the liver, accounts for about 2% of cancers in the U. S., but up to half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This is mainly due to the prevalence of hepatitis, caused by contagious viruses, that predisposes a person to liver cancer. In the U. S., primary liver cancer strikes twice as many men as women, at an average age of 67.


Question: What are the risk factors for liver cancer?

Answer: Other risk factors for liver cancer may include: Your sex. Men are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma than women. Your weight. Obesity can increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Your race. In the U. S., liver cancer is most common in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Anabolic steroid use. Male hormonesabused by athletes to increase muscle can slightly increase liver cancer risk with long-term use. History of diabetes. Studies have suggested a link between diabetes and liver cancer. This is likely due to the link between diabetes and fatty liver disease. Inherited metabolic diseases. Diseases that disrupt the normal metabolism of the body have been shown to increase your risk of liver cancer. Rare diseases. Studies have found a link between liver cancer and some rare diseases like alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and Wilson's disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

Answer: Sometimes you don't have any symptoms from thrombocytopenia. When you do, the main one is bleeding in the skin that look like tiny red or purple spots on the skin, called petechiae, or bruising. You can bleed outside or inside your body. Sometimes it can be heavy or hard to stop. Some people get nosebleeds or bleeding gums. You might also have: Blood in your urine or bowel movement Heavy menstrual periods These symptoms might not start until your platelet count is very low. If you notice any of them, call your doctor.


Question: What factors lead to thrombocytopenia?

Answer: Your body can destroy too many platelets by: Autoimmune diseases such as lupus or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ITP), where your own body attacks healthy cells Medicines, such as antibiotics that contain sulfa, heparin used to prevent blood clots, and antiseizure drugs such as phenytoin ( Dilantin) and vancomycin ( Vancocin) Rare diseases that make blood clots form in the body, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( TTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC) Viruses like Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV), hepatitis C, and HIV Sometimes, you don't have enough platelets because they get trapped in your spleen, an organ that fights infection. And women may get thrombocytopenia during pregnancy, because their bodies get rid of platelets more quickly than usual.


Question: How is thrombocytopenia diagnosed?

Answer: You'll also get an exam to look for bruises, petechiae or spots of blood in your skin, and other signs of low platelets. You'll be checked for signs of infection, like a fever or rash. You might get a blood test that measures the number of platelets. A normal count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. You can have bleeding problems if your count drops below 50,000. Your doctor will most likely consult with a blood specialist (hematologist). You might get other tests, including: Blood smear to look at your platelets under a microscope and see how healthy they are Bone marrow test to see what cells are in the bone marrow, how full the bone marrow is with cells, and whether they are normall Your doctor might want you to take other tests that check if your blood clots normally.


Question: How can you prevent bleeding if you have thrombocytopenia?

Answer: To prevent bleeding when your platelets are low: Avoid medicines that can affect your platelet function, like aspirin and ibuprofen Limit how much alcohol you drink, because it can make bleeding worse. Don't play contact sports, like football or boxing, where you might get injured. Use a soft toothbrush to prevent bleeding gums. Wear a seatbelt in the car, and put on gloves and goggles when you work with power tools to prevent injury.


Question: How can adenomatous polyps lead to colorectal cancer?

Answer: During a screening with sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, polyps can be seen and removed. The type of polyp can be determined in a lab.


Question: How can inflammatory bowel disease related to colorectal cancer be treated?

Answer: Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Many people with chronic inflammatory disease of the bowel, such as ulcerative colitis, can be followed with regular colonoscopy to look for signs of colon cancer. If cancer is found, it can be treated appropriately. Some patients elect to undergo prophylactic colectomy possibly with the creation of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis to preserve some bowel function.


Question: What are symptoms of a heat stroke?

Answer: But fainting may be the first sign. Other symptoms may include: Throbbing headache Dizziness and light-headedness Lack of sweating despite the heat Red, hot, and dry skin Muscle weakness or cramps Nausea and vomiting Rapid heartbeat, which may be either strong or weak Rapid, shallow breathing Behavioral changes such as confusion, disorientation, or staggering Seizures Unconsciousness If you suspect that someone has a heat stroke, immediately call 911 or transport the person to a hospital.


Question: Can medications cause heat stroke?

Answer: These include antihistamines, diet pills, diuretics, sedatives, tranquilizers, stimulants, seizure medications (anticonvulsants), heart and blood pressure medications such as beta-blockers and vasoconstrictors, and medications for psychiatric illnesses such as antidepressants and antipsychotics. Illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine also are associated with increased risk of heat stroke.


Question: How can you keep someone with heat stroke cool while you wait for emergency services to arrive?

Answer: Try these cooling strategies: Fan air over the patient while wetting his or her skin with water from a sponge or garden hose. Apply ice packs to the patient's armpits, groin, neck, and back. Because these areas are rich with blood vessels close to the skin, cooling them may reduce body temperature. Immerse the patient in a shower or tub of cool water. If the person is young and heathy and suffered heat stroke while exercising vigorously -- what's known as exertional heat stroke -- you can use an ice bath to help cool the body.


Question: What happens after you have heat stroke?

Answer: After you've recovered from heat stroke, you'll probably be more sensitive to high temperatures during the following week. So it's best to avoid hot weather and heavy exercise until your doctor tells you that it's safe to resume your normal activities.


Question: When should I get a pneumonia shot if I have diabetes?

Answer: But you can get a flu shot at any time during flu season. Also, ask your doctor if you need the pneumonia shot. This vaccine can also help protect you from blood infections and meningitis.


Question: When should you call a doctor if a child with diabetes has a fever?

Answer: For children, call the doctor if they have: Trouble breathing Blue lips Won't eat or drink Ear pain A fever of 102 F or higher (or any temperature if it's a baby age 2 months or younger) A lot more crankiness or sleepiness than usual Worsening symptoms


Question: How should I take care of myself if I have diabetes and am sick with a cold or flu?

Answer: Check your blood sugar levels every 4 hours, or as often as recommended by your doctor. Test for ketones if your blood sugar level is over 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L). Call your doctor if it shows any ketones. Take your temperature regularly. Drink one cup of liquid every hour you're awake. Water and broth are good choices. Try to eat 35-50 grams of carbohydrates every 3 to 4 hours. If you can't eat solid food, try clear soup, regular soft drinks, Popsicles, unsweetened applesauce, apple juice, or sports drinks. Keep taking insulin or other diabetes medications unless your doctor tells you not to.


Question: Can controlling money be a sign of domestic abuse?

Answer: Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: Can cutting you off from family and friends be a sign of domestic abuse?

Answer: Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: What are the signs that someone you know is being abused?

Answer: Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: What are the signs of sexual abuse?

Answer: Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: What are the signs of domestic abuse?

Answer: If you're afraid of your partner, that's a big red flag. You may be scared to say what you think, to bring up certain topics, or to say no to sex. No matter the reason, fear has no place in a healthy relationship. If you feel like you're being abused, there's a good chance you may be, and it's worth getting help. Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: What do you need to do if you are being abused?

Answer: Your abuser may: Make excuses for abuse, like it's just how men are or that you wanted it to happen Tell you that police or others won't help because of your gender or orientation Tell you that you're not really how you identify Threaten to out you to family, friends, and others First, know that you deserve better and that this isn't your fault. If you're in an emergency, call 911. It can be hard to decide whether to stay or leave. That's why it may help to start with a call to the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799- SAFE (1-800-799-7233). Call from a friend's house or somewhere else where you feel safe. You can also turn to friends, family, neighbors, your doctor, or your spiritual community.


Question: What are the signs of physical abuse?

Answer: Keep that in mind as you think about these signs: Your partner bullies, threatens, or controls you: Accuses you of having an affair Blames you for abuse Criticizes you Tells you what to wear and how you should look Threatens to kill you or someone close to you Throws things or punches walls when angry Yells at you and makes you feel small Your partner controls your money: Keeps cash and credit cards from you Puts you on an allowance and makes you explain every dollar you spend Keeps you from working whatever job you want Steals money from you or your friends Won't let you have money for basic needs like food and clothes Your partner cuts you off from family and friends: Keeps close tabs on where you go and whom you go with Makes you ask for an OK to see friends and family Embarrasses you in front of others, and it makes you want to avoid people Your partner physically abuses you: Abandons you in a place you don't know Attacks you with weapons Keeps you from eating, sleeping, or getting medical care Locks you in or out of your house Punches, pushes, kicks, bites, pulls hair Your partner sexually abuses you: Forces you to have sex Makes you dress in a sexual way Makes you feel like you owe them sex Tries to give you an STD Won't use condoms or other birth control Keep an eye out for things like: Excuses for injuries Personality changes, like low self-esteem in someone who was always confident Constantly checking in with their partner Never having money on hand Overly worried about pleasing their partner Skipping out on work, school, or social outings for no clear reason Wearing clothes that don't fit the season, like long sleeves in summer to cover bruises They're often the same.


Question: What are typical symptoms of migraine headaches?

Answer: People who get migraines describe them as an intense pulsing or throbbing type of pain, often on one side of the head. Along with the pain they can also have symptoms like: Flashing lights or "aura" Nausea Sensitivity to light Vomiting When you have one, you may be unable to do your normal activities.


Question: How do estrogen levels trigger migraines?

Answer: These headaches are triggered by things like: Bright lights Foods or drinks Hunger Lack of sleep Stress Strong scents A drop in the female hormone, estrogen, can also set off migraines. That's why women who get migraines often have headaches right before their period, when estrogen levels are low. During pregnancy, estrogen levels rise, bringing many women a break from these headaches. But they often start up again after the baby is born.


Question: What medicines relieve a migraine once it starts?

Answer: Medicines that help prevent migraines from starting: Antidepressants: venlafaxine ( Effexor), amitriptyline ( Elavil) Anti-seizure drugs: divalproex sodium ( Depakote), topiramate ( Topamax), valproate sodium ( Depacon), valproic acid ( Depakene and Stavzor) Blood pressure medicines: beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers CGRP inhibitors: erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy), block the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide molecules Medicines that relieve a migraine once it has already started: Pain relievers: acetaminophen ( Panadol, Tylenol), aspirin, ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil), naproxen ( Aleve) Triptans: eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Treximet), zolmitriptan ( Zomig) For some women, taking the same female hormones used to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes can also help prevent migraine pain.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with menopausal migraines?

Answer: You have many options for relieving migraines. Sometimes a few simple lifestyle changes can help: Keep a diary of what you eat, and try to avoid foods that trigger your migraines. Some of these may include: aged cheese, chocolate, or artificial sweeteners. Eat meals at regular times. Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Cut stress using relaxation methods such as deep breathing, exercise, or massage.


Question: How often do women get migraines?

Answer: Many people get migraines from time to time. But some, usually women, have them as often as 15 or more days each month.


Question: Will menopause end migraine headaches?

Answer: Once estrogen production stops and periods end, you may get a reprieve from your migraine pain. Sometimes, though, menopause doesn't spell the end of migraines.


Question: If a women has her uterus or ovaries removed is she more likely to develop migraines during menopause?

Answer: Women who had their uterus and ovaries removed with surgery often have more of a problem with migraines than those who go into menopause naturally.


Question: What medicines prevent migraines from starting?

Answer: Medicines that help prevent migraines from starting: Antidepressants: venlafaxine ( Effexor), amitriptyline ( Elavil) Anti-seizure drugs: divalproex sodium ( Depakote), topiramate ( Topamax), valproate sodium ( Depacon), valproic acid ( Depakene and Stavzor) Blood pressure medicines: beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers CGRP inhibitors: erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy), block the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide molecules Medicines that relieve a migraine once it has already started: Pain relievers: acetaminophen ( Panadol, Tylenol), aspirin, ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil), naproxen ( Aleve) Triptans: eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Treximet), zolmitriptan ( Zomig) For some women, taking the same female hormones used to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes can also help prevent migraine pain.


Question: Can menopause cause migraines?

Answer: If your migraines are tied to your menstrual cycle, they may become as unpredictable as your periods. Some women get migraines for the first time, or their headaches get more intense, in the years just before menopause. Others find that their migraines become less frequent and less intense.


Question: Are there risks associated with using hormone replacement therapy to treat menopause migraines?

Answer: HRT has been linked to greater risks of heart disease and breast cancer. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you. If so, ask for the lowest possible dose of hormones needed to control your symptoms. You can get the hormones through a patch or gel that you rub on your skin.


Question: What lifestyle changes can treat menopause migraines?

Answer: You have many options for relieving migraines. Sometimes a few simple lifestyle changes can help: Keep a diary of what you eat, and try to avoid foods that trigger your migraines. Some of these may include: aged cheese, chocolate, or artificial sweeteners. Eat meals at regular times. Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Cut stress using relaxation methods such as deep breathing, exercise, or massage.


Question: What are side effects of nitrates?

Answer: While you're using nitrates, get your blood pressure checked regularly. Nitrates may make you feel dizzy. You may also get a rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat when you take the drugs regularly. It usually gets better after the first few weeks. If it keeps up, talk to your doctor. Some other side effects are: Headache Flushing of your face or neck. Call your doctor if it persists or is severe. Low blood pressure.


Question: What are sources of insoluble fiber?

Answer: You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help. Examples of supplements include psyllium, methylcellulose, wheat dextrin, and calcium polycarbophil. If you take a fiber supplement, increase the amount you take slowly to help prevent gas and cramping. It's also important to drink enough liquids when you increase your fiber intake.


Question: How much water should you drink if you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Answer: As long as your doctor has not restricted your fluids, shoot for six to eight 8-ounce glasses of plain H2 O each day, but not always with meals. " Water just makes everything run through a little more rapidly," Bonci says. She suggests you drink it an hour before or an hour after meals.


Question: Does how I eat affect my irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: How you eat may also give you trouble. You might be bothered by foods with extreme temperatures, especially if you have them together, like ice-cold water with steaming hot soup. Many people get symptoms after large meals. Try to eat less at each meal, or have four or five small meals a day. Remember, your reactions to what you eat are unique, Bonci says.


Question: Which foods have insoluble fiber?

Answer: You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help.


Question: If I have IBS, does it matter what I eat?

Answer: Smart eating habits can make your life a little easier when you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, or IBS- D. And you don't have to completely give up any foods you like. " Moderation is important," says Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, author of the American Dietetic Association ( ADA) Guide to Better Digestion. It's important to stick to a balanced diet when you have IBS. So never totally avoid certain groups of food, or you may be depriving yourself of nutrients you need.


Question: Should I eat less fiber if I have IBS-D?

Answer: Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. It helps protect your body against heart disease, by lowering your LDL cholesterol, and certain cancers, so you need it. Simply eat more soluble fiber, rather than the insoluble kind, Bonci says. Soluble fiber stays in the gut longer, which helps the colon work normally. You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help.


Question: Should you avoid fiber if you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Answer: Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. It helps protect your body against heart disease, by lowering your LDL cholesterol, and certain cancers, so you need it. Simply eat more soluble fiber, rather than the insoluble kind, Bonci says. Soluble fiber stays in the gut longer, which helps the colon work normally.


Question: What are the side effects of chlorella?

Answer: Side effects of chlorella include: Bloating Diarrhea Fatigue Gas Green-colored stools Nausea Stomach cramps Allergic reactions have been reported in some people taking chlorella. These reactions have included severe breathing problems and a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. There isn't enough research to know if chlorella is safe for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Chlorella may make it harder for warfarin and other blood-thinning drugs to work. Some chlorella supplements may contain iodine, so people with thyroid conditions may want to avoid taking chlorella.


Question: How can ADHD affect financial problems in relationships?

Answer: Adults with the disorder can have reckless spending habits and trouble saving money.


Question: Could fighting over finances be a warning sign of ADHD?

Answer: Fights over finances tend to be another problem. A common ADHD symptom is doing things on impulse, and that includes buying things. Adults with the disorder can have reckless spending habits and trouble saving money.


Question: What should I do if I think I or someone I know has ADHD?

Answer: If you think you or someone you care about has adult ADHD, the first thing you should do is learn about the disorder and how it's diagnosed. You can start by looking over free online resources from organizations like Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD) and the National Center on ADHD. These sites can help you find local doctors, and support groups where you can meet people facing similar issues. You can also find out how to get tested for the condition.


Question: When should you call your doctor about colorectal cancer?

Answer: So you'll need to check with your doctor to find out what's going on. Don't just assume it's hemorrhoids. Make an appointment if you have any of the symptoms, or if a doctor tells you that you have anemia. ( When doctors look for the cause of anemia, they should check for bleeding from the digestive tract because of colorectal cancer.)


Question: What are the side effects of taking alpha-lipoic acid?

Answer: Side effects. Generally, side effects are uncommon. These supplements could cause nausea, dizziness, or a rash. Topical alpha-lipoic acid can irritate the skin.


Question: How safe is alpha-lipoic acid?

Answer: So far, the evidence is not clear.


Question: What is alpha-lipoic acid?

Answer: Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant that's in many foods, and it's made naturally in our bodies. For many years, high doses of alpha-lipoic acid supplements have been used in parts of Europe for certain types of nerve damage. Studies suggest that they might also help with type 2 diabetes.


Question: What interactions can happen from taking alpha-lipoic acid?

Answer: If you take any medicines or supplements regularly, see your doctor before you start using alpha-lipoic acid. People with diabetes need to be especially careful. Using it along with diabetes drugs could make blood sugar levels drop too low. Alpha-lipoic acid might also decrease the effect of some chemotherapy drugs. It could also interact with certain antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, tranquilizers, vasodilators (used for heart disease or high blood pressure), and drugs for osteoarthritis.


Question: How much alpha-lipoic acid should you take?

Answer: Because alpha-lipoic acid is an unproven treatment, there is no established dose. However, studies have used between 600-1,800 milligrams daily for diabetes and neuropathy; one review concluded that the evidence is convincing for the use of 600 milligrams daily for three weeks on symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Some studies have used intravenous alpha-lipoic acid instead of oral supplements.


Question: What are the risks associated with taking alpha-lipoic acid?

Answer: Your doctor might want to test your glucose levels regularly while you use alpha-lipoic acid supplements. If you have thyroid problems, a thiamine deficiency (sometimes found in alcoholics or those with anorexia, for example), or any other medical issue, talk to your doctor before you start taking alpha-lipoic acid supplements. Interactions. If you take any medicines or supplements regularly, see your doctor before you start using alpha-lipoic acid.


Question: How can you make a child comfortable when they have a cough?

Answer: Let the child rest. Avoid irritants, such as cigarette smoke. Don't give cough medicine to a child under age 4 unless your pediatrician suggests it.


Question: How can you prevent dehydration from coughing in babies and children?

Answer: Give older children water or juice mixed with water.


Question: How can you relieve your child's congestion?

Answer: Thin mucus in a stuffy nose with saline nose drops. Remove mucus from a baby's nose with a suction bulb. Use a humidifier in your child's room or take your child into the bathroom with a steamy shower running.


Question: How can you take insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can't take insulin by mouth, because your stomach juices keep it from working properly. You might inject it using a syringe or a pen. Some people use an insulin pump. Insulin can be long-lasting or fast-release. Your doctor will decide what kind works best for you.


Question: How are non-insulin diabetes medicine categorized?

Answer: Non-insulin meds are split into six categories, based on how they work. They are: Metformin, which works in your liver Thiazolidinediones (or glitazones), which improve sugar removal from your blood Secretagogues, which help your pancreas make more insulin Starch blockers, which slow down how your body absorbs sugar from food Incretin-based therapies, which help your liver make less sugar and also slow how you absorb food. They can be pills or shots. Amylin analogs, injectable drugs that work much like incretin-based therapies. Some pills include two types of medication. These are called combination oral medicines.


Question: What happens if my diabetes medicine changes?

Answer: You and your doctor may also want to consider possible side effects.


Question: How do I know which medicines are the best for my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If one medicine isn't enough to control your type 2 diabetes, you and your doctor should work together to find the best mix for you. Usually, you'll keep taking metformin and add something else. What that is may depend on your situation.


Question: What are the different types of diabetes medicine?

Answer: Most people with type 2 start with non-insulin ones. Non-insulin meds are split into six categories, based on how they work.


Question: What is the treatment for misshapen or asymmetric breasts?

Answer: When breast size or shape changes a lot after breastfeeding, some women consider cosmetic surgery. A breast lift, called a mastopexy, can be performed to help sagging and to reposition the nipple and areola (the dark circle around the nipple) higher on the breast.


Question: Should I be screened for breast problems if I'm breastfeeding?

Answer: Most breast problems after breastfeeding are cosmetic changes, not real medical concerns. But it's wise to stay up to date on your regular breast screening tests to ensure your breast health.


Question: How can breast self-exams help with breast problems after breastfeeding?

Answer: Breast self-exams are a simple way to keep tabs on your breast health and changes. Examine your breasts once a month, even while breastfeeding. It's especially important to examine your breasts in the months after you stop breastfeeding, as the shape and size of your breasts change. Report any lumps or unusual nipple discharge to your doctor. Some lumps can even extend to the armpit. Most lumps are benign, meaning they are not cancer. But they still should be checked for breast cancer.


Question: How does physical therapy help treat arthritis?

Answer: Preserving good range of motion is key to maintain the ability to perform daily activities. Therefore, increasing the range of motion of a joint is the primary focus of physical therapy. Building strength in the involved muscles surrounding the joint also is extremely important, since stronger muscles can better stabilize a weakened joint.


Question: How can an occupational therapist help someone with arthritis?

Answer: An occupational therapist can show you ways to do everyday tasks without worsening pain or causing joint damage. Some joint protection techniques include: Using proper body mechanics for getting in and out of a car, chair or tub, as well as for lifting objects. Using your strongest joints and muscles to reduce the stress on smaller joints.


Question: How can a physical therapist help with treating arthritis?

Answer: Physical therapists provide exercises designed to preserve the strength and use of your joints. They can show you the best way to move from one position to another and can also teach you how to use walking aids such as crutches, a walker or a cane, if necessary.


Question: Do ice packs and heating pads help if you have arthritis?

Answer: Applying ice packs or heating pads, as well as deep heat provided by ultrasound and hot packs, can help relieve local pain. Heat also relaxes muscle spasm around inflamed joints. Heating joints and muscles with a warm bath or shower before exercising may help you exercise more easily.


Question: How can occupational therapy help if you have arthritis?

Answer: Occupational therapy can teach you how to reduce strain on your joints during daily activities. Occupational therapists can show you how to modify your home and workplace environments to reduce motions that may aggravate arthritis. They also may provide splints for your hands or wrists, and recommend assistive devices to aid in tasks such as driving, bathing, dressing, housekeeping, and certain work activities.


Question: What's the goal of physical therapy for arthritis?

Answer: The goal of physical therapy is to get a person back to the point where he or she can perform normal, everyday activities without difficulty.


Question: Can I get human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from vaginal sex?

Answer: Yes, and either partner can get it! A woman can get HIV through the tissue that lines her vagina and cervix. The virus can get into a man through the opening of his penis or through a small cut or sore on it. Effective HIV drugs (antiretroviral therapy) will greatly reduce the chances that an HIV infected person can give HIV to his/her partner in this way. However, even when HIV drugs are used, use a condom to cut your chances of the virus passing between you, as well as getting any other sexually transmitted infections.


Question: How can you protect yourself from squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer: Wear clothing to cover exposed areas. Avoid tanning beds. If you've been diagnosed with skin cancer, you're more likely to get it again -- so visit your doctor for regular skin checks.


Question: What are the symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

Answer: It's usually rough and crusty, and can bleed easily when scraped. Large growths may itch or hurt. It may also pop through scars or chronic skin sores, so check for any changes and report them to your doctor.


Question: What factors make it more likely for someone to develop squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

Answer: Certain things make you more likely to develop SCC: Older age Male Fair-skinned Blue, green, or gray eyes Blonde or red hair Spend time outside; exposed to the sun's UV Rays Tanning beds and bulbs Long-term exposure to chemicals such as arsenic in the water Bowen's disease, HPV, HIV, or AIDS Exposed to radiation Inherited DNA condition .image-container-right { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 1rem; } @media screen and (min-width: 25rem) { .image-container-right { float: right; margin-left: 2rem; width: 17.5rem; } } Full size image.


Question: What are the symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer: SCC usually begins as a dome-shaped bump or a red, scaly patch of skin. It's usually rough and crusty, and can bleed easily when scraped. Large growths may itch or hurt. It may also pop through scars or chronic skin sores, so check for any changes and report them to your doctor.


Question: How can I protect myself from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

Answer: Use a broad spectrum sunscreen daily, even when it's cloudy and raining, to exposed skin, and reapply frequently when outside. Wear clothing to cover exposed areas. Avoid tanning beds. If you've been diagnosed with skin cancer, you're more likely to get it again -- so visit your doctor for regular skin checks.


Question: What makes you more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer: Certain things make you more likely to develop SCC: Older age Male Fair-skinned Blue, green, or gray eyes Blonde or red hair Spend time outside; exposed to the sun's UV Rays Tanning beds and bulbs Long-term exposure to chemicals such as arsenic in the water Bowen's disease, HPV, HIV, or AIDS Exposed to radiation Inherited DNA condition .image-container-right { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 1rem; } @media screen and (min-width: 25rem) { .image-container-right { float: right; margin-left: 2rem; width: 17.5rem; } } Full size image.


Question: How is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated?

Answer: Depending on the size and location of the SCC, your doctor may choose to use any of the following techniques to remove it: Excision: cutting out the cancer spot and some healthy skin around it, then stitching up the wound Surgery using a small hand tool and an electronic needle to kill cancer cells Mohs surgery: excision and then inspecting the excised skin using a microscope; this requires stitching up the wound Lymph node surgery: remove a piece of the lymph node; uses general anesthesia Dermabrasion: "sanding" your affected area of skin with a tool to make way for a new layer Cryosurgery: freezing of the spot using liquid nitrogen Topical chemotherapy: a gel or cream applied to the skin, sometimes with microneedling Targeted drug treatment Photodynamic therapy (a photosensitizing solution applied to your skin then activated with a light or daylight, or sometimes with intense pulsed light) Ablative and nonablative lasers, or chemical peels Superficial radiation therapy Avoid the sun during peak hours.


Question: What is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

Answer: It's usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds. Sun-exposed skin includes the head, neck, chest, upper back, ears, lips, arms, legs, and hands. SCC is a fairly slow-growing skin cancer.


Question: How is squamous cell carcinoma  treated?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma can usually be treated with minor surgery that can be done in a doctor's office or hospital clinic. Depending on the size and location of the SCC, your doctor may choose to use any of the following techniques to remove it: Excision: cutting out the cancer spot and some healthy skin around it, then stitching up the wound Surgery using a small hand tool and an electronic needle to kill cancer cells Mohs surgery: excision and then inspecting the excised skin using a microscope; this requires stitching up the wound Lymph node surgery: remove a piece of the lymph node; uses general anesthesia Dermabrasion: "sanding" your affected area of skin with a tool to make way for a new layer Cryosurgery: freezing of the spot using liquid nitrogen Topical chemotherapy: a gel or cream applied to the skin, sometimes with microneedling Targeted drug treatment Photodynamic therapy (a photosensitizing solution applied to your skin then activated with a light or daylight, or sometimes with intense pulsed light) Ablative and nonablative lasers, or chemical peels Superficial radiation therapy Avoid the sun during peak hours.


Question: How can squamous cell carcinoma spread?

Answer: SCC is a fairly slow-growing skin cancer. Unlike other types of skin cancer, it can spread to the tissues, bones, and nearby lymph nodes, where it may become hard to treat. When caught early, it's easy to treat.


Question: What does squamous cell carcinoma affect?

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. It's usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds. Sun-exposed skin includes the head, neck, chest, upper back, ears, lips, arms, legs, and hands.


Question: What is the connection between schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder?

Answer: This is one of the biggest misunderstandings about schizophrenia. One poll found that 64% of Americans believe the condition involves a split personality, which means someone acts like they're two separate people. A person with schizophrenia doesn't have two different personalities. Instead, he has false ideas or has lost touch with reality. Multiple personality disorder is unrelated.


Question: How many people can recover completely or see improvements with schizophrenia?

Answer: Schizophrenia can be hard to treat, but it's not impossible. With the right medicine and therapy, about 25% of people with this disease will recover completely. Another 50% will see some improvement in their symptoms. Many people with the condition can live full, productive lives.


Question: How difficult is it for someone with schizophrenia to hold down a job?

Answer: Schizophrenia can make it harder for you to land a job and go to work every day.


Question: What is the risk a child will get schizophrenia if the parent has it?

Answer: But just because one of your parents has this mental illness doesn't mean you're destined to get it. If one parent has schizophrenia, your risk of getting the condition is about 10%. Having more than one family member with it raises your risk.


Question: How difficult is it for someone with schizophrenia to do daily tasks?

Answer: The illness can make it harder for someone to take care of their daily needs, such as dressing and bathing. This doesn't mean they're "lazy." They just need some help with their daily routine.


Question: What is the relationship between schizophrenia and intelligence?

Answer: Some studies have that found that people with the condition have more trouble on tests of mental skills such as attention, learning, and memory. But that doesn't mean they're not intelligent. Many creative and smart people throughout history have had schizophrenia, such as Russian ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky and Nobel Prize-winning mathematician John Nash. Scientists are even looking into links between genes that may be related to both psychosis and creativity.


Question: Can physical problems of the uterus cause abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Millions of women have fibroids -- noncancerous tumors that grow in the muscles of the wall of the uterus. A polyp is another kind of growth that can form in the lining of your uterus. And a condition called adenomyosis causes the endometrium to grow into the tissue of the uterus.


Question: How do NSAIDs treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: If you take anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen or naproxen a few days before your period starts, they may help lighten the bleeding.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a hysteroscopy?

Answer: Hysteroscopy: Your doctor will look inside your uterus with a tiny lighted scope that they put in through your cervix.


Question: What are less common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: These are much less common, but abnormal uterine bleeding also can be caused by: Bleeding or clotting disorders or blood-thinning medicines Cancer of the cervix, endometrium, or uterus Illnesses that affect your kidneys, liver, thyroid, or adrenal glands Infection of your cervix or endometrium It can help to take detailed notes over a few cycles so you can give your doctor specific information about your symptoms.


Question: Do doctors look at how often you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Doctors check these things when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding: How often you get your period: Your period should be fairly regular -- the length of each cycle usually shouldn't change by more than a week. And if it's shorter than 3 weeks or longer than 5, that could be a sign of a problem.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an ultrasound?

Answer: Ultrasound: This uses sound waves to make images of the inside of your uterus so your doctor can look for fibroids or polyps.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an MRI scan?

Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging scan: This uses radio waves and powerful magnets to make detailed pictures of your uterus. It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a biopsy?

Answer: Biopsy: Your doctor may take out a small piece of tissue so it can be checked under a microscope for abnormal cells.


Question: What is endometrial ablation?

Answer: This uses heat, cold, electricity, or a laser to destroy the lining of the uterus. It may end your periods entirely. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do. You'll need to use birth control until menopause.


Question: What is a myomectomy or uterine artery embolization?

Answer: It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.


Question: What things can throw off your hormones and lead to abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: These things can throw off your hormones, too: Birth control pills and other medicines Fast weight loss or gain Emotional or physical stress An intrauterine device ( IUD) Another possible reason for abnormal bleeding is a physical problem with your uterus.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with blood work?

Answer: You'll probably get a pregnancy test, and you may also have: Blood work: Heavy bleeding can leave your body short of iron. A blood test can see if that's a problem for you. It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.


Question: What causes abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Problems with your hormones are the most common reason for abnormal uterine bleeding. When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). With teenagers and women who are getting close to menopause, the endometrium can build up too much, and that can lead to an irregular or heavy period or spotting between periods.


Question: How does tranexamic acid treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: This is when your uterus is taken out.


Question: Do doctors look at how long you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: How long it lasts: A typical period lasts 4 or 5 days. If yours is often less than 2 days or longer than a week, that could mean something's wrong.


Question: How do hormones treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Birth control pills and other hormone treatments may be able to give you regular menstrual cycles and lighter periods.


Question: How do you treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: This will depend on the cause of the abnormal uterine bleeding -- if a chronic illness or a blood disorder is at the root of your symptoms, treating that can help. Your treatment also can depend on whether you plan to have children. It might not be safe to get pregnant after some treatments, while others can make it impossible. If you're close to menopause, your doctor may want to take a wait-and-see approach because your symptoms may get better on their own.


Question: How can women prevent migraines when theyâre on their period?

Answer: Women who often get migraine headaches around their periods can take preventive medicines when they know it's that time of the month.


Question: Is migraine hereditary?

Answer: Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families. Four out of 5 people with the condition have other family members who have them. If one parent has a history of these type of headaches, their child has a 50% chance of getting them, and if both parents have them, the risk jumps to 75%.


Question: What triggers a migraine?

Answer: Some common migraine triggers include: Stress. When you're stressed, your brain releases chemicals that can cause the blood vessel changes that can lead to a migraine. Foods. Some foods and drinks, such as aged cheese, alcohol, and food additives like nitrates (in pepperoni, hot dogs, lunchmeats) and monosodium glutamate ( MSG) may be responsible for up to 30% of migraines. Caffeine. Getting too much or withdrawing from it can cause headaches when the level in your body abruptly drops. Blood vessels seem to get used to caffeine, and when you don't have any, you may get a headache. Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks. Changes in weather. Storm fronts, changes in barometric pressure, strong winds, or changes in altitude can all trigger a migraine. Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families.


Question: How does caffeine trigger a migraine?

Answer: Getting too much or withdrawing from it can cause headaches when the level in your body abruptly drops. Blood vessels seem to get used to caffeine, and when you don't have any, you may get a headache. Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks.


Question: How do migraines happen?

Answer: A migraine is a powerful headache that often happens with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Migraines can last from 4 hours to 3 days, and sometimes longer. The American Migraine Foundation estimates that more than 36 million Americans get them, women 3 times more often than men.


Question: When is nausea medicine used to treat migraines?

Answer: Your doctor can prescribe it if you get nausea with your migraine.


Question: What is a status migrainosus?

Answer: This rare and severe type of migraine can last more than 72 hours. The pain and nausea are so intense that you may need to go to the hospital. Sometimes medicines, or medication withdrawal, can cause them.


Question: How does a migraine start?

Answer: A migraine starts when overactive nerve cells send out signals that activate the trigeminal nerve, the nerve that supplies sensation to your head and face. Activation of the nerve causes release of certain chemicals like serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP). CGRP causes blood vessels in the lining of the brain to swell.


Question: How does magnetic stimulation treat migraines?

Answer: You place this device on the back of your head at the start of a migraine with aura. It sends a pulse of magnetic energy to part of your brain, which may stop or reduce pain.


Question: What are the symptoms of visual auras?

Answer: Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour. Visual auras include: Bright flashing dots or lights Blind spots Blurry vision Temporary vision loss Wavy or jagged lines Other auras can affect your other senses.


Question: Are there different types of migraine?

Answer: The terms for two types of migraine headaches refer to the symptoms that signal when one is about to start, called an aura. Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour.


Question: How does biofeedback treat migraine headaches?

Answer: This technique helps you recognize stressful situations that could trigger a migraine. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: What are the symptoms of migraine without aura?

Answer: Migraine headaches without auras are more common. Several hours before the headache starts, you can have vague symptoms, including: Anxiety Depression Feeling very tired There's no cure for migraine headaches.


Question: What is an opthalmic migraine?

Answer: Short-lived, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye, which may spread to the rest of your head.


Question: How many Americans get migraines?

Answer: The American Migraine Foundation estimates that more than 36 million Americans get them, women 3 times more often than men.


Question: What are other triggers of a migraine?

Answer: Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families.


Question: How does biofeedback help to treat migraines?

Answer: This technique helps you recognize stressful situations that could trigger a migraine. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: What are symptoms of migraines without auras?

Answer: Migraine headaches without auras are more common. Several hours before the headache starts, you can have vague symptoms, including: Anxiety Depression Feeling very tired There's no cure for migraine headaches.


Question: How do changes in weather trigger a migraine?

Answer: Changes in weather.


Question: What is an ophthalmic migraine?

Answer: Short-lived, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye, which may spread to the rest of your head.


Question: How do certain foods trigger a migraine?

Answer: Some foods and drinks, such as aged cheese, alcohol, and food additives like nitrates (in pepperoni, hot dogs, lunchmeats) and monosodium glutamate ( MSG) may be responsible for up to 30% of migraines.


Question: When should you take preventative medications for migraines?

Answer: When lifestyle changes aren't enough, you have other options. Preventive migraine medications can make your headaches less severe and happen less often when you take them on a regular basis. Also, there are some new devices which can help. Cefaly is a portable, headband-like gadget sends electrical pulses through the skin of the forehead. It stimulates the trigeminal nerve, which is linked with migraine headaches. You use Cefaly once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll feel a tingling or massaging sensation. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: Are there alternative therapies for essential tremor?

Answer: Currently, there is no evidence that alternative treatments are beneficial in treating Essential Tremor. Patients who have tremors that worsen with emotional stress may find relaxation therapies helpful at temporarily easing symptoms. Some herbal supplements may make tremor worse. Always consult your doctor before trying any alternative therapy.


Question: What should you tell your doctor about before taking Mysoline?

Answer: Before taking Mysoline, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are pregnant or nursing Are taking any medications ( Mysoline may interact with several different types of drugs.) Have kidney or liver problems Have blood count problems In addition, you should avoid alcoholic beverages while taking Mysoline. Do not stop taking the drug suddenly or switch brands without first consulting with your health care provider.