Question: What are foods that can keep me healthy if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Stay away from fatty snacks, and fill up on whole-grain foods, fruits, and vegetables that have lots of fiber. On the other hand, foods that are high in unsaturated fats are good for your heart. Read labels carefully. The Nutrition Facts panel will tell you what's in each food or drink. If you take the time to think about your food choices, you'll find that what you eat can have big benefits for both your arthritis and your heart.


Question: What should you eat to avoid inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: To fight inflammation, put foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids on your shopping list. They can ease joint pain and lessen morning stiffness. Some good sources are fatty fish like salmon, trout, mackerel, tuna, sardines, and herring. Add two 3-ounce servings to your menu each week. Studies suggest it reduces C-reactive protein ( CRP), a sign of inflammation found in the blood. A high CRP level can signal rheumatoid arthritis or heart disease. Stock up on fruits, vegetables, and other high-fiber foods. It can also help to keep a food diary for a while.


Question: Which foods should you avoid to prevent inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: To fight inflammation, put foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids on your shopping list. If you're heavier than you should be, losing weight may help lower inflammation, because fat cells make chemicals that cause it. They're good for you and can help you maintain your weight. The main culprits in your diet are foods high in saturated fat, such as some meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, and processed foods.


Question: How can a lower weight help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They're good for you and can help you maintain your weight. If you take the time to think about your food choices, you'll find that what you eat can have big benefits for both your arthritis and your heart.


Question: What foods can cause inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: To fight inflammation, put foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids on your shopping list. If you're heavier than you should be, losing weight may help lower inflammation, because fat cells make chemicals that cause it. They're good for you and can help you maintain your weight. The main culprits in your diet are foods high in saturated fat, such as some meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, and processed foods.


Question: What is a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?

Answer: The goal of the surgery is to remove the cancer but preserve as much of the skin and tissue as possible so that you can have breast reconstruction, if you chose. Keep in mind, not all women can have a modified radical mastectomy, and there are many surgical options for breast cancer.


Question: What should I know about chigger bites?

Answer: You might be out for a stroll in the park with your kids. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } They're called chiggers -- bugs so small you need a magnifying glass to spot them. They aren't dangerous, but their bites can leave you with a powerful urge to scratch. Don't let them get the best of you! Learn how to soothe your irritated skin and find out how to prevent bites the next time you go outside.


Question: What are chiggers?

Answer: Scientists call these creatures "trombiculid mites." Technically, these critters aren't insects. They're "arachnids," in the same family as spiders and ticks.


Question: How can I prevent chigger bites?

Answer: You may also notice that your skin turns red and has bumps, blisters, or a hive-like rash that may take a week or two to heal. Some studies show that natural sprays may help keep chiggers away. Try ones that have oils made from citronella, tea tree, jojoba, geranium, or lemon grass. And of course, don't make yourself an easy target for a hungry chigger. Wear long sleeves and long pants, with your pant legs tucked into long socks. These simple tips lower your odds of getting chigger bites. Then you can enjoy the great outdoors -- itch-free!


Question: How can chigger bites affect men?

Answer: It causes swelling, itching, and trouble peeing. This can last for a few days to a few weeks. You can also get relief if you take antihistamine pills or use a cold compress.


Question: What is the KAMRA inlay?

Answer: Cornea: The clear front outer layer of your eye. When it's healthy, you'll have clear, sharp vision.


Question: Can strep throat cause skin infections?

Answer: It can make your throat red, swollen, and sore. You can usually clear it up with antibiotics, but in rare instances, it can lead to more serious complications. The bacteria that create strep throat can spread to other parts of your body if antibiotics don't kill them. This can cause infections in places near your throat, including your: Middle ear Sinuses Tonsils There are other problems the bacteria can cause, too. But call your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.


Question: What causes plantar warts?

Answer: Plantar warts, like all warts, are caused by a virus that invades the skin through tiny cuts or scrapes. The warts may not appear for weeks or months after the initial exposure. Because most people build immunity to the virus with age, plantar warts are more common in children than in adults. They also are common in people who have weak immune systems, such as those with HIV/ AIDS and taking corticosteroid or immunosupressive medication.


Question: What are 5 steps to lower my cholesterol?

Answer: Ask for expert advice. Give your diet a makeover. Go for foods, like oatmeal, walnuts, tuna, salmon, sardines, and tofu. Stay away from items that are high in trans and saturated fats and simple sugars. No smoking. It lowers your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. There are lots of other benefits too, for your whole body. Get moving! Even modest amounts of exercise, like half an hour a day of brisk walking, helps you control weight. It's also good for other things that put you at risk for heart disease, like diabetes and high blood pressure. Exercise can lower your triglyceride levels and raise your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. Both are good for your heart. Take your medications.


Question: What are the different types of cholesterol?

Answer: You want to lower the âbadâ kind, LDL, and triglycerides, which your body stores in fat cells. On the other hand, you want to raise your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. It helps get rid of the bad kinds. There are lots of other benefits too, for your whole body.


Question: What questions can I ask my doctor about my new prescription?

Answer: What is the prescription? Does it matter what time of day I take this drug? What side effects should I watch for? What should I do if I have a bad reaction? How will this drug interact with other prescription or over-the-counter drugs I am taking? How will this drug interact with vitamins, herbal supplements, or foods? Are there other prescription, over-the-counter, or generic drugs I could take instead?


Question: Which areas of the body are targeted by Focus T25?

Answer: The cardio segments burn fat throughout the body and include some core exercises. Although many of the routines in the Alpha phase of the workout are lower-body focused, you do get an arm workout from exercises like burpees and planks, where you have to support your full body weight on your hands. Legs: Yes. Lunges, deadlifts, and squats all work those back-end muscles. The Ab Intervals DVD in the Alpha phase includes exercises for the back. The Upper Focus DVD in the Beta phase works the back, too.


Question: How does chemotherapy help with breast cancer?

Answer: For breast cancer treatment, it has three major purposes: To prevent cancer from coming back after surgery and radiation. When chemotherapy is used this way, it's called adjuvant therapy. To shrink a tumor before surgery to make it easier to remove. This is called neo-adjuvant therapy. To kill cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. Together, you and your doctor will decide when to start chemotherapy, what drugs to use, and a schedule for taking them. Ask what side effects you can expect from the medication. Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells.


Question: What is the treatment for chronic reflux and heartburn?

Answer: The doctor may perform surgery to reduce the size of the hernia or to prevent strangulation. These medicines include H2 blockers, which inhibit acid secretion in the stomach. H2 blockers include: cimetidine ( Tagamet), famotidine ( Pepcid), nizatidine ( Axid), and ranitidine ( Zantac).


Question: How much should you eat if you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Treatment aims at decreasing the amount of reflux or reducing damage to the lining of the esophagus from refluxed materials. Eating meals at least 2 to 3 hours before bedtime may lessen reflux by allowing the acid in the stomach to decrease and the stomach to empty partially. In addition, being overweight often worsens symptoms. Many overweight people find relief when they lose weight.


Question: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Many people, including pregnant women, suffer from heartburn or acid indigestion caused by GERD. Doctors believe that some people suffer from GERD due to a condition called hiatal hernia. In most cases, GERD can be relieved through diet and lifestyle changes; however, some people may require medication or surgery. Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus.


Question: How can you adjust your sleeping position to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus. Do not use pillows to prop yourself up; that only increases pressure on the stomach.


Question: What are calcium channel blockers?

Answer: They work by slowing the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, which makes it easier for the heart to pump and widens blood vessels. As a result, the heart doesn't have to work as hard, and blood pressure lowers. Taking other blood pressure medications in combination with a calcium channel blocker may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure.


Question: How should I take calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Follow the label directions on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take the medicine will depend on the type of medication prescribed and on your condition. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking these medications, because grapefruit prevents the breakdown of the drug in the body. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether your calcium channel blocker is affected by grapefruit juice.


Question: What foods and medicines should I avoid if I take a calcium channel blocker?

Answer: Most calcium channel blockers can be taken with food or milk; however, ask your doctor. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking these medications, because grapefruit prevents the breakdown of the drug in the body. Do not drink alcohol while taking a calcium channel blocker. Alcohol interferes with the effects of the drug and increases the side effects. Taking other blood pressure medications in combination with a calcium channel blocker may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. Discuss with your doctor the best way to take the medication if you are taking other drugs.


Question: What prescription drugs can help stop a migraine before it starts?

Answer: To do that, your doctor may consider these types of prescription drugs. Beta-blockers. These relax your blood vessels. Your doctor may suggest metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) or propranolol ( Inderal, Innopran XL). Botulinum toxin ( Botox). A doctor can inject small amounts around your face and scalp every 3 months to stop migraines from happening. Calcium-channel blockers. These include diltiazem ( Cardizem, Cartia, Covera HS, Tiazac) and verapamil ( Calan, Verelan). They ease the narrowing of your blood vessels. Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline ( Aventyl) or nortriptyline ( Pamelor). Research suggests duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) may be helpful in preventing migraines. CGRP Inhibitors. CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a molecule involved in causing migraine pain. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that block the effects of CGRP. Erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy) are specifically approved to prevent migraine attacks. You give yourself an injection once a month with a pen-like device. Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters.


Question: How do doctors diagnose an inguinal hernia?

Answer: You could have a direct inguinal hernia if you: Hurt when you cough, bend, or lift something heavy Feel pressure or weakness in your groin Have swelling around your testicles You may be able to gently push the bump back up into your abdomen to relieve some of the discomfort. He'll probably ask you to stand and cough. This can make a hernia more obvious. If it hasn't produced any swelling that the doctor can see, he may order imaging tests, like an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.


Question: How can forskolin help with weight loss and muscle building?

Answer: After 12 weeks, they lost more body fat and had a greater increase in testosterone levels compared to similar men taking a placebo. But more research must be done to confirm these results and establish its safety. Some research supports that. In a small study, patients who took forskolin through an IV showed improved heart function.


Question: What happens during a cystoscopy?

Answer: Flexible cystoscope. The doctor will help you find a comfortable position. The scope goes through the urethra and into your bladder. When your bladder is full of water, it stretches. This lets the doctor see your entire bladder wall. They'll ask you how it feels when it's full.


Question: What is cystoscopy?

Answer: You might also hear it called a cystourethroscopy or, more simply, a bladder scope. If you're a man, the opening is at the end of your penis. The test lets your doctor check the complete length of your urethra and the bladder for polyps, narrow areas called strictures, abnormal growths, and other problems.


Question: How does the cystoscopy test work?

Answer: They have lights and cameras that let your doctor examine the interior of your urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopes: a standard rigid cystoscope and a flexible cystoscope. The choice of which scope to use depends on the purpose of the exam. You'll lie on your back with your knees up and apart. They'll clean your urethra and numb the area. The scope goes through the urethra and into your bladder.


Question: How long does a cystoscopy take?

Answer: The procedure generally takes about 15 to 20 minutes. They'll call this a biopsy or tissue sample.


Question: Can medicine for pain cause stomach problems?

Answer: But some can upset your stomach or cause other trouble with your digestive system. If you have issues like this, talk with your doctor. She might suggest something else or suggest you change your dose. Powerful opioid painkillers, like oxycodone or hydrocodone, can make you feel nauseous or have constipation, belly cramps, or bloating.


Question: Can antibiotics affect your stomach?

Answer: But some can upset your stomach or cause other trouble with your digestive system. Doctors use these to clear up infections caused by bacteria, but some people have nausea, diarrhea, and gas when they take them.


Question: Which pain medicines cause rebound headaches?

Answer: Some examples of drugs that can cause rebound headaches are: Aspirin Acetaminophen Sleeping pills Ibuprofen Naproxen Codeine and prescription pain relievers Medicines that contain caffeine Migraine drugs called triptans The best way to treat rebound headaches is to not take the medicine anymore. Take over-the-counter or prescription headache medicine during the inactive pill days.


Question: What can you do to treat headaches from nitrates?

Answer: Don't try to treat yourself. Certain medicines that are used to treat migraines, such as triptans, may be unsafe to take when you have a heart condition. If you get headaches when you take HRT, discuss it with your doctor.


Question: Can nitrates cause headaches?

Answer: Headaches are a common side effect of nitrates. You can get a mild to moderate headache soon after you take the medicine, or you might get an intense migraine about 3 to 6 hours later. You may also have nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. Your headaches may go away as your body gets used to the medicine. Certain medicines that are used to treat migraines, such as triptans, may be unsafe to take when you have a heart condition. In addition to helping control your blood pressure, this medication can be given to help with chest pain if you have heart disease.


Question: What drugs treat psychotic disorders?

Answer: Antipsychotics are a class of drugs used commonly to treat psychotic disorders -- conditions in which thinking can be irrational, and people have false beliefs (delusions) or perceptions (hallucinations) -- and sometimes to treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder or major depression. Different antipsychotics vary in their side effects, and some people have more trouble with certain side effects than with others. The doctor can change medications or dosages to help minimize unpleasant side effects. A drawback to some antipsychotic medications is their potential to cause sedation and problems with involuntary movements as well as weight gain and changes in blood sugar or cholesterol, which require periodic laboratory monitoring. Changes in Blood Sugar and Cholesterol : Some atypical antipsychotics can cause increases in blood sugar (which could eventually lead to diabetes) and blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides.


Question: What are some of the most common drugs to treat mental illness?

Answer: Some of the most commonly used are antidepressants, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, mood stabilizing, and stimulant medications. Many drugs used to treat mental disorders in adults are also used to treat the same illnesses in children.


Question: What does testicular cancer mean?

Answer: The scrotum is located behind the penis. This type of cancer, although relatively rare, mostly affects men between ages 15 and 35 (although it can affect males at any age), and in a man's 60s. Many times, changes in the testicles are not cancer. When testicular cancer is present, the testicle typically is removed.


Question: How can someone prevent testicular cancer?

Answer: To do a self-exam, follow these steps. Do the exam after a warm shower or bath. The warmth relaxes the skin of the scrotum, making it easier to feel for anything unusual. Use both hands to examine each testicle. Place your index and middle fingers underneath the testicle and your thumbs on top. Roll the testicle between your thumbs and fingers. ( It's normal for testicles to be different sizes.) As you feel the testicle, you may notice a cord-like structure on top and in back of the testicle. This structure is called the epididymis. It stores and transports sperm. Do not confuse it with a lump. Feel for any lumps. Lumps can be pea-size or larger and are often painless. If you notice a lump, contact your doctor. Also check for any change in size, shape, or consistency of the testes. You should also get a physical exam once a year. After a while, you will know how your testicles feel and will be more alert to any changes. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. Most cases of testicular cancer can be cured, even if the cancer has spread.


Question: What should I expect when I go to the doctor for testicular cancer?

Answer: After a while, you will know how your testicles feel and will be more alert to any changes. The doctor will feel the scrotum for lumps. Samples of blood and urine may be taken for testing. An ultrasound exam of the scrotum and its contents may be performed. ( Ultrasound is a painless test that creates images by using high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through body tissues.) You also may be given a chest X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan.


Question: What should I expect if testicular cancer is found in me?

Answer: Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor in a testicle. In most men, removing the testicle should not lead to problems with having children or sex. The remaining testicle will continue making sperm and the male hormone testosterone. To re-establish a normal appearance, a man may be able to have a testicular prosthesis surgically implanted in the scrotum which looks and feels like a normal testicle.


Question: What happens when testicular cancer is present?

Answer: Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor in a testicle. In most men, removing the testicle should not lead to problems with having children or sex. The remaining testicle will continue making sperm and the male hormone testosterone. To re-establish a normal appearance, a man may be able to have a testicular prosthesis surgically implanted in the scrotum which looks and feels like a normal testicle.


Question: How can I decrease the chances of developing diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Studies have shown that maintaining near-normal blood sugar can decrease the chance of developing retinopathy and can help keep existing retinopathy from getting worse. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.


Question: What is neovascularization?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma.


Question: Are there drugs or surgeries that can prevent diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: How does laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy work?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: How can I decrease the chances of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise.


Question: Are there any complications of treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Rare complications of treatment may include blurred vision, headache, glaucoma, difficulty seeing in the dark, decreased peripheral and color vision, and bleeding. In most cases when treatment is recommended, the benefits outweigh the risks.


Question: What happens in an eye exam for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: When you visit an ophthalmologist, he or she will question you about your medical history and vision and will ask you to read an eye chart. Treatment for diabetic retinopathy should involve both a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor.


Question: What causes diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. The vitreous fluid is then replaced with a substitute fluid.


Question: What treatments are available for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: Does pregnancy affect diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your doctor can provide you with guidelines that may include insulin and other medications, dietary modifications, and exercise. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy.


Question: What causes advanced diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: In advanced cases, the retina is robbed of its blood supply and grows new, but defective, vessels -- a process called neovascularization. These fragile vessels can bleed, creating vision-impairing hemorrhages, scar tissue, and separation of the retina from the back of the eye (retinal detachment). The new vessels can also block fluid flow within the eye, producing glaucoma. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision.


Question: How much treatments do I need to treat diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: You may have to wait several months to find out if this treatment is improving your condition. Depending on the severity of your diabetes and related complications, you may also want to discuss the options of pancreas and kidney transplants, which may protect against retinopathy.


Question: Is diabetic retinopathy preventable?

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy can be minimized with a combination of strict blood sugar control and routine screening with eye exams -- though even with optimal medical care, it is not always possible to prevent or slow retinal damage. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar.


Question: How can I be tested for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. It's not always easy to stick to the disciplined lifestyle necessary to control your blood sugar; don't hesitate to tell your doctor if you need extra support to adhere to his guidelines. After these initial exams, all people with diabetes should have an eye exam at least once a year.


Question: Can diabetic retinopathy be directly treated?

Answer: In people with diabetes, high blood sugar damages the walls of the small blood vessels in the eye, altering their structure and function. Your ophthalmologist can directly treat retinopathy with a laser or a surgical procedure called vitrectomy, to prevent further vascular changes and preserve vision. Don't be surprised if your doctor recommends one of these treatments before you notice any vision problems: Before problems start is usually the best time for treatment. Your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings depending on the severity of retinal damage and on other diabetes complications you have.


Question: How is tonsillectomy done?

Answer: You'll be given general anesthesia, so you'll be asleep and pain-free during the surgery. The surgeon will use a small knife called a scalpel to gently remove your tonsils. If you're doing well after a few hours, you'll likely be sent home to recover. But if you have a lot of bleeding from the wound, severe vomiting, trouble breathing, or other complication, you'll probably stay in the hospital overnight.


Question: What are the risks of tonsillectomy?

Answer: Your sore throat might get better with antibiotics, but it comes back as soon as you're done with the treatment. A 2014 report found that 1 in 5 adults who had their tonsils taken out had some kind of problem afterward. These included: Dehydration Infection Pain Pneumonia Too much bleeding from the wound (hemorrhaging) You're a lot more likely to have one of these issues if you have: A history of pus collecting on your tonsils (peritonsillar abscess) Another health problem Used antibiotics often in the past year Kids tend to recover much faster after tonsil surgery than adults.


Question: Why would an adult need a tonsillectomy?

Answer: Chronic throat infection is the most common reason adults have their tonsils out. Other reasons you might have your tonsils removed as an adult include: Obstructive sleep apnea (if a blockage of your upper airway is caused by swollen tonsils) Bad breath, or halitosis, that doesn't go away (if caused by a collection of pus and debris in your tonsil area) Cancer (spread from your head or neck area) Men are more likely to have their tonsils removed than women.


Question: What conditions are related to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?

Answer: ASPD makes people uncaring. Modern diagnostic systems consider ASPD to include two related but not identical conditions: A "psychopath" is someone whose hurtful actions toward others tend to reflect calculation, manipulation and cunning; they also tend not to feel emotion and mimic (rather than experience) empathy for others. By contrast, "sociopaths" are somewhat more able to form attachments to others but still disregard social rules; they tend to be more impulsive, haphazard, and easily agitated than people with psychopathy.


Question: How should you get rest to fight multiple sclerosis fatigue?

Answer: Schedule your days according to what you know about your energy levels. Just don't nap too much. It could throw off your sleep schedule and keep you up at night. Take a short walk, or do 15 minutes of yoga.


Question: What are the symptoms of sinus headaches?

Answer: These headaches may give you: Pain and pressure around the sinuses -- in the forehead, especially behind and between the eyes, and above the nose. If pain is your only symptom, you probably don't have a sinus headache. Those usually have other symptoms as well, including: Stuffy nose Nasal discharge Cough Sore throat Fatigue Your doctor may suggest treating the pain and the underlying causes of your sinus headache at the same.


Question: Why is pancreatic cancer usually not detected until late?

Answer: Because signs and symptoms of most pancreatic cancer may be mistaken for less-serious digestive problems, the disease is rarely detected before it has spread to nearby tissues or distant organs via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. A few rare types of pancreatic cancer cause hormonal imbalances that produce their own symptoms, which might include: Episodes of weakness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, irritability, or skin flushing related to low blood sugar Severe watery diarrhea A new, unusual skin rash Severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as stomach pain and watery diarrhea, which do not respond to antacids or ulcer medications If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor for a full physical exam.


Question: How much fiber should you have to treat constipation?

Answer: Gradually increase the amount of fiber in your diet until you're getting at least 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily. Moving your body will keep your bowels moving, too.


Question: What is the best way to relieve constipation?

Answer: Try to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. In general, doctors do not recommend using mineral oil or castor oil. Mineral oil can cause problems such as vitamin deficiencies, and castor oil can lead to long-term constipation. These laxatives work quickly, but they can cause side effects, including cramping and diarrhea, so use them for as short a period of time as possible.


Question: What laxatives can you use for constipation?

Answer: Laxatives come in several forms: Bulk-forming fiber supplements include Citrucel, Fiber Con, and Metamucil. Unlike other laxatives, you can take these every day. Although they are safe to use regularly, fiber supplements can interfere with your body's ability to absorb certain medicines, and they may cause bloating, cramps, and gas. Drink a lot of water with them. Lubricant laxatives, including Zymenol, help the stool pass more easily through the colon. Osmotic laxatives such as lactulose, Miralax, Milk of Magnesia, and Sorbitol help fluids move through your intestines. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor before taking osmotics because they can cause electrolyte imbalances. Stimulant laxatives such as Dulcolax and Senokot make the muscles in your intestines contract to help push stool out. These laxatives work quickly, but they can cause side effects, including cramping and diarrhea, so use them for as short a period of time as possible. Stool softeners such as Colace and Surfak make stools easier to pass by adding fluid to them. Having softer stool can prevent you from having to strain during bowel movements. Your doctor may recommend one of these products if your constipation is due to childbirth or surgery. Plecanitide ( Trulance) changes stool consistency by increasing the amount of water into the GI lumen and increases gastrointestinal movement.


Question: How common is constipation?

Answer: Women are the most frequent constipation sufferers. This may have to do with the slower movement of food through a woman's intestines, as well as with the effects of female hormones on the GI tract. Drink a lot of water with them.


Question: How is constipation defined?

Answer: Some women naturally have a bowel movement a few times a day, while others go just a few times a week. You don't need constipation treatments unless you're going to the bathroom a lot less often than usual. Call your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms with constipation: Stomach pain Blood in your stools Unexplained weight loss Inability to have a bowel movement Also, call if you've been having trouble going for more than three weeks and constipation treatments aren't working.


Question: How can I keep the weight up of someone with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: To help your loved one keep up her weight and get the right nutrients: Offer smaller meals or snacks more often. Give her a daily multivitamin. Help her focus on the more nutritious, higher-calorie foods in the meal first. Prepare things that are easy to eat. Make meals enjoyable. Trouble chewing or swallowing could be a choking risk, so talk to her doctor if she has a hard time. He can recommend a special diet or foods that are easier to eat. A spoon and bowl may be betterthan a fork and plate.


Question: What are the risks from kidney transplant?

Answer: The main ones are: Kidney rejection. There's a chance that the body will reject the donated kidney. Your loved one will take medicine for the rest of their life to prevent this from happening, and newer drugs greatly lower the odds of it. Side effects from medicine. They generally work by making your immune system less active, which makes you more likely to get infections and can raise the odds of getting cancer. Other side effects may include acne, bone disease, and high blood pressure. Any surgery, including a kidney transplant, has risks, such as bleeding and infection.


Question: What are the pros and cons of kidney transplant and dialysis as treatment for chronic kidney disease?

Answer: The kidneys are so important because they remove waste from the body. So when they stop working as well, waste and fluids build up. They can get a transplant to receive a healthy kidney from a donor. The reason is simple: People who get transplants generally live longer than those who get dialysis. Fewer limits on their diet Fewer long-term health problems from the transplant than people have with dialysis More energy Also, dialysis can take a toll on the body. Mainly because there are many more people in need of kidneys than there are donors.


Question: What factors might disqualify you as a kidney transplant recipient?

Answer: The reason is simple: People who get transplants generally live longer than those who get dialysis. If your loved one has any of these conditions, they're not likely to get a transplant: Active or recently treated cancer Illness that might limit their life to just a few more years Infection that can't be treated or keeps coming back Serious health condition -- like severe heart disease -- that means they're not healthy enough for surgery Very overweight The following problems could also prevent a transplant: Dementia Drug or alcohol abuse Hard time remembering to take medicine Mental health problems that aren't easily managed Even if your loved one is older or has a health condition like diabetes, your doctor can help you understand if a transplant is a safe option.


Question: What are two main options for someone with chronic kidney disease?

Answer: If you have a loved one with chronic kidney disease, it's no different. They can get a transplant to receive a healthy kidney from a donor. Or they can start dialysis, a treatment where blood gets filtered either by a machine or in the belly with the help of a special tube. You might think that a transplant is more of a last resort, the thing to do when you've run out of options. But that's hardly the case. For most people, doctors prefer transplant over dialysis.


Question: What does it mean if you have an increased heart rate if you have heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can lead to palpitations, which could cause your heart to race or feel like it's fluttering or throbbing.


Question: How is a persistent cough a symptom of heart failure?

Answer: This causes fluid to leak into your lungs. Fluid can build up in your tissues just like it does in your lungs.


Question: What does it mean if you have trouble breathing or shortness of breath if you have heart failure?

Answer: This causes fluid to leak into your lungs. Your doctor may call it pulmonary edema. This can make it hard to breathe during activities, rest, or even sleep. A sudden lack of breath might wake you up. You may need to prop yourself up with extra pillows to breathe easier. This constant search for air can leave you tired and anxious. Fluid can build up in your tissues just like it does in your lungs.


Question: How can an increased heart rate be a symptom of heart failure?

Answer: When your heart doesn't pump right, the body starts to move blood from less vital parts like your arms and legs to the centers for survival -- the heart and brain. This can lead to palpitations, which could cause your heart to race or feel like it's fluttering or throbbing.


Question: What foods may cause symptoms of hiatal hernia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When you have a hiatal hernia, it is easier for stomach acids to come up into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach. Citrus foods, such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, and orange juice, grapefruit juice, cranberry juice, and lemonade Chocolate Fatty and fried foods, such as fried chicken and fatty cuts of meat Garlic and onions Spicy food Peppermint and spearmint Tomato-based foods such as spaghetti sauce, pizza, chili, salsa, and tomato juice Coffee, tea (including decaffeinated versions), and alcohol Carbonated beverages Dairy products, such as whole milk, ice cream, and creamed food. Try soy milk; it may be a good milk substitute. Also, mild cheeses, like feta or goat, may be enjoyed in moderation. Oil and butter The following foods are low-acid-producing foods and are less likely to aggravate your hiatal hernia symptoms: Bananas and apples Green beans, peas, carrots, and broccoli Grains, like cereals (bran and oatmeal), bread, rice, pasta, and crackers Low-fat or skim milk and low-fat yogurt Fat-free cheeses, cream cheese, and fat-free sour cream Lean meat, chicken, and fish Water Pretzels, graham crackers, rice cakes, and baked potato chips Low-fat sweets (no chocolate or mint) You may find that some of the foods listed under "foods to avoid" may not bother you, while others on the "foods to enjoy" list may cause discomfort. Eating fast can make heartburn symptoms worse.


Question: Why do antibiotics get less effective the more you take them?

Answer: When people take antibiotics when they don't have to, over time, the medicine becomes less effective. The reason has to do with the bacteria themselves. These new strains are "resistant" to some types of antibiotics. If you get an infection with one of these bacteria, your doctor may need to try several types of drugs until he finds one that works. You could get a lot sicker while you wait for the one that can treat you.


Question: What are the risks of saffron?

Answer: Saffron may also help with depression. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA in the same way that food and drugs are.


Question: Do any medicines have interactions with saffron?

Answer: It's been used as a traditional treatment for thousands of years. Check with your doctor before using it if you are taking medication.


Question: How does sclerosis damage nerve cells?

Answer: Sclerosisâ comes the Greek word for âscar.â Both ALS and MS cause scarring of the covering of nerve fibers. They protect these cells, similar to how insulation protects electrical wires. When you have MS, your body attacks the myelin sheaths in your brain and spinal cord.


Question: What's the difference between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They both: Affect your muscles and your ability to move your body Attack your brain and spinal cord Have âsclerosisâ in their name Cause scarring or hardening around nerve cells They have some key differences, though. MS is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack itself. ALS, also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a nervous system disorder that wears away nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. Both are treated differently. " That's not so with multiple sclerosis.


Question: Are the early stage symptoms of amoytrophic lateral sclerosis similar to those of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: These include: Stiff, weak muscles Twitching or spasms Fatigue Trouble walking If you're having these symptoms, don't try to guess what's going on. See a doctor and get a diagnosis. ALS can be inherited, but MS can't.


Question: Do multiple sclerosis and amoytrophic lateral sclerosis affect genders differently?

Answer: Both are treated differently. " More women than men get MS. ALS is more common in men.


Question: What is a cervical dysplasia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina. Strongly associated with sexually transmitted human papillomavirus ( HPV) infection, cervical dysplasia is most common in women under age 30 but can develop at any age. But women who go undiagnosed or who don't receive appropriate care are at higher risk of developing cervical cancer.


Question: What is the cause of cervical dysplasia?

Answer: In many women with cervical dysplasia, HPV is found in cervical cells. Of the more than 100 different strains of HPV, more than one-third of them can be sexually transmitted, and two particular types -- HPV 16 and HPV 18 -- are strongly associated with cervical cancer.


Question: What should I know about checking my blood pressure at home?

Answer: This is especially important if your doctor recommends that you monitor your blood pressure on a regular basis. At least once a year, and especially after you first purchase your blood pressure monitor, bring your monitor with you to your doctor's visit to check the machine's accuracy.


Question: What is the recommended dosage for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?

Answer: Whichever of these vaccines you and your doctor choose, you should stick with the same vaccine for all three shots. You need to take all three doses to be completely protected. You'll get the second shot about 1 to 2 months after the first, and the third shot 6 months after the first. Once you've started with a vaccine brand ( Gardasil or Gardasil 9), stick with it for all three shots.


Question: What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: When the FDA approved the first human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccine in 2006, it was big news. It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. During intercourse or oral sex, HPV can make its way into the genitals, mouth, or throat and cause infection. Sexually transmitted HPV comes in more than 40 different varieties. The type of the virus you get determines what effects it has on your body. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Other HPV types can make cells turn cancerous.


Question: What are the symptoms of human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. There's no sore throat or fever to let you know you've been infected. Most people clear the infection on their own. In fact, you might have absolutely no idea you've been infected until you develop genital warts or have an abnormal Pap test. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.


Question: Who can catch the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: It's a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV cause genital warts. Though HPV might not be as well known among sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) as herpes or syphilis, it is actually the most common STI. If you're sexually active, there's a very good chance of being infected with HPV at some point in your life. That's why immunization is so important. However, even women who have received the vaccine should see their gynecologist regularly for a Pap test to check for cervical cancer, because the vaccine doesn't protect against all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer.


Question: What does insulin do?

Answer: Type 1 diabetes happens when your immune system destroys cells in your pancreas called beta cells. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar, or glucose, into your body's tissues. Glucose doesn't move into your cells because insulin isn't there to do it. This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out. Weight loss. The glucose that goes out when you pee takes calories with it. That's why many people with high blood sugar lose weight. Dehydration also plays a part. Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If your body can't get enough glucose for fuel, it breaks down fat cells instead. This creates chemicals called ketones. Your liver releases the sugar it stores to help out. But your body can't use it without insulin, so it builds up in your blood, along with the acidic ketones. This combination of extra glucose, dehydration, and acid buildup is known as "ketoacidosis" and can be life-threatening if not treated right away. Damage to your body. Over time, high glucose levels in your blood can harm the nerves and small blood vessels in your eyes, kidneys, and heart. They can also make you more likely to get hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. But it isn't as simple as going out for a run.


Question: What is secondary diabetes?

Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. They're wiped out by something else, like a disease or an injury to your pancreas. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.


Question: Who gets type 1 diabetes?

Answer: It's more common in whites than in African- Americans. It affects men and women equally. Although the disease usually starts in people under 20, it can happen at any age. Several types of insulin are available. About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy.


Question: How does type 1 diabetes happen?

Answer: It's similar to type 1, except the immune system doesn't destroy your beta cells. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: What questions should you ask your rheumatologist?

Answer: One of the first questions the doctor will ask is, " What brings you here?" How often do you have symptoms? I don't like to take medicine. What are my other options? Will I have to take RA drugs for the rest of my life? Where can I find resources to help me learn more about living with the disease? How can I find a support group? By the end of this first visit, your new rheumatologist will know a lot about you and your RA.


Question: What questions will your rheumatologist ask?

Answer: Then, get ready to answer a lot of questions, like: What are your symptoms? How often do you have symptoms? What makes you feel worse? ( Lack of activity, not enough sleep, stress, eating a certain kind of food?) What activities cause pain? Where on your body is the pain? How bad is the pain? Which words best describe your pain? ( Dull, sharp, stabbing, throbbing, burning, aching, cramping, radiating?) How does the pain make you feel? Are there symptoms other than joint, muscle, or bone pain that seem to be linked? ( Rashes, itching, dry mouth or eyes, fevers, infections?) Some questions may not seem to be about rheumatoid arthritis, but your doctor has a good reason for asking them. Tell him if you want to know why or if you feel uncomfortable. I don't like to take medicine.


Question: How is Fanconi anemia treated?

Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause. Treatments include hormone therapy and growth factors to boost blood cell growth. If symptoms become severe, your doctor might recommend a bone marrow stem cell transplant. Oftentimes a bone marrow transplant can cure the problems altogether.


Question: What causes sideroblastic anemia?

Answer: Think of your red blood cells as the transport system that carries oxygen to your body's tissues. The iron buildup causes the formation of abnormal red blood cells called sideroblasts. There are two main types of sideroblastic anemia: Acquired sideroblastic anemia can be caused by exposure to certain chemicals or drugs. Hereditary sideroblastic anemia happens when a gene mutation disrupts normal hemoglobin production. This gene produces âheme,â the part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen.


Question: What is congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA)?

Answer: In this group of blood disorders, your body can't use iron to make hemoglobin -- the protein that carries oxygen in your blood. All CDAs are passed down through families. There are three types of CDA, types 1, 2, and 3. Type 2 is the most common and type 3 is the rarest. Symptoms include chronic anemia, fatigue, yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), pale skin, and missing fingers and toes at birth.


Question: What are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?

Answer: When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. MDS is a type of cancer.


Question: What are the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia?

Answer: Some people are born with a gene that causes MDS. But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing.


Question: What causes autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

Answer: When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. Acquired causes include: Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Chemicals such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene Infections including hepatitis, Epstein- Barr virus, and HIV Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer Inherited conditions such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, and Diamond- Blackfan anemia, can damage cells and also cause aplastic anemia. Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML.


Question: What is the severe reaction to peanuts known as anaphylaxis?

Answer: Symptoms of an allergic response to peanuts will usually start within minutes of exposure, and they can include: Tightening in the throat Shortness of breath or wheezing Skin reaction such as hives or redness Tingling or itching in the mouth or throat Diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps or vomiting A runny nose This is a life-threatening allergic reaction and needs emergency treatment. Peanuts are one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis, which can affect several parts of the body all at once. The signs of an attack include: Swelling of the throat that makes it hard to breathe Dizziness or fainting A big drop in blood pressure A rapid pulse Blocked airways To find out whether you have a problem with peanuts, your doctor might ask you to keep a food diary.


Question: What are the main symptoms of aphasia?

Answer: The main symptoms of aphasia include: Trouble speaking Struggling with finding the appropriate term or word Using strange or inappropriate words in conversation Some people with aphasia have problems understanding what others are saying. Some people have trouble using numbers or even doing simple calculations.


Question: How is dengue fever diagnosed?

Answer: The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.


Question: When should you call the doctor about sinusitis symptoms?

Answer: But many people who have it use treatments that aren't likely to help. But call your doctor if you've had sinus symptoms for more than a few days or if they're really bad. The sooner you start the right treatment, the sooner you'll feel better again.


Question: How can I help someone with Alzheimer's disease who is getting more confused?

Answer: If you have to make changes, do it gradually. Make things simple, and avoid situations where she has to make decisions. Describe the events for the day to her. Put large labels (with words or pictures) on drawers and shelves so she'll know what's in or on them. If she doesn't seem to understand something you've said, use simpler words or sentences. Make sure she takes her medicines on schedule. Be patient and supportive.


Question: What can I do to help my loved one with Alzheimer's disease to get the right amount of food to eat?

Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. Don't force her to eat. Offer smaller meals more often instead of three large ones. Encourage her to walk, garden, or do other things that get her moving to boost her appetite. Serve finger foods that are easier for her to handle and eat. Prepare meals that offer different textures, colors, and temperatures. For example, liven up your meals with colorful place settings, or play background music. Try not to let your loved one eat alone.


Question: Is exercise good for someone who has Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Try some of these tips: Talk to your loved one's doctor. It can also give your loved one more energy and improve his mood and sleep. It can make the brain work better, too. Someone in the early stages of the disease may enjoy walking, bowling, dancing, golf, and swimming. As the disease gets worse, he may need more supervision. Talk to his doctor before he starts any exercise program.


Question: What are bad side effects of medications for Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: They may also react with other Alzheimer's meds. The problems may last a few hours or throughout the night. They might help her relax.


Question: How does acupuncture help back pain?

Answer: According to traditional Chinese medicine, the body has more than 2,000 of these points. Stimulating these points is said to correct the imbalance of qi and improve the flow of energy. Practitioners believe that this helps relieve pain and improve health. Or it may release immune system cells in the body.


Question: What can I expect from Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Parkinson does follow a broad pattern. While it moves at different paces for different people, changes tend to come on slowly. Symptoms usually get worse over time, and new ones probably will pop up along the way. Parkinson's doesn't always affect how long you live. At this point, you likely: Are limited to bed or a wheelchair Can't live on your own Have severe posture issues in your neck, back, and hips Need help with daily tasks Almost everyone with Parkinson's gets at least one of these.


Question: What non-motor symptoms may show up early in those with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Another might have major tremors but no issues with thinking or memory. You may have these issues years before any classic motor symptoms like tremors: Constipation Depression Loss of smell Low blood pressure when you stand up Pain Sleep issues You also might get these symptoms later in the disease. Drooling and a more urgent need to pee are also common.


Question: What makes Parkinson's disease hard to predict?

Answer: Parkinson's comes with two main buckets of possible symptoms. One affects your ability to move and leads to motor issues like tremors and rigid muscles. The other bucket has non-motor symptoms, like pain, loss of smell, and dementia. You may not get all the symptoms. Another might have major tremors but no issues with thinking or memory. And someone else may have severe symptoms all around. All that adds up to a disease that's very hard to predict. Dementia and psychosis are two serious mental health issues that usually take a while to show up.


Question: What does the type of cervical cancer treatment depend on?

Answer: Which one he recommends will depend on what type of cervical cancer you have, your age, and whether or not you might want to have children in the future. It will also depend on whether, or how far, the cancer has spread. If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option.


Question: What does trachelectomy for cervical cancer consist of?

Answer: If you want to be able to have kids later, it may be the only treatment he recommends. The surgeon removes your cervix and the top part of your vagina, but he leaves your uterus intact. He places a stitch, or a band, where your cervix had been. This opening leads to your uterus. He may also remove the lymph nodes near your cervix or uterus. He'll perform this surgery either through your vagina or through a cut in your abdomen.


Question: What is conization for cervical cancer?

Answer: Your doctor may do this before he recommends chemotherapy or radiation. Your doctor uses a surgical or laser knife to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from your cervix. He may also use a thin wire heated by electricity. You may have to have a catheter.


Question: What is a tummy tuck?

Answer: This surgery flattens the abdomen by removing extra fat and skin, and tightening muscles in your abdominal wall. It's not the same as liposuction, although you may choose to get liposuction along with a tummy tuck. This is a major surgery, so if you're considering it, you should know the facts before you decide whether to go forward. Then a tummy tuck also is not for you.


Question: Is vitamin D used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: MS happens when your immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin, which wraps around your nerve fibers to protect them. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it.


Question: What tests help diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. These may include: Blood tests to rule out diseases that cause similar symptoms, like Lyme disease and AIDS. People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.


Question: What lifestyle changes can I implement to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You can also try other drugs, like muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, or botulinum toxin ( Botox), to ease muscle spasms and treat some of the other symptoms. Get regular exercise and avoid too much heat to boost your energy. Ask your doctor about trying yoga to ease fatigue or stress. Take care of your emotional health, too. Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: There's no single test that can prove you have MS. Your doctor will use a few different ones to check you. Analysis of the liquid that cushions your brain and spinal cord, called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). People with MS usually have specific proteins in their CSF. Tests (called evoked potentials) that measure the electrical activity in your brain.


Question: What is RICE therapy?

Answer: Ice for 20 minutes every hour. Never put ice directly against the skin or it may damage the skin. Use a thin towel for protection. Compress by wrapping an elastic ( Ace) bandage or sleeve lightly (not tightly) around the joint or limb. Consult a doctor as soon as possible if there are symptoms of a possible broken bone: There is a "popping" sound with the injury. Continue RICE for 24 to 48 hours, or until the person sees a doctor.


Question: What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer: Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the thick band of tissue (also called a fascia) at the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to your toes. Your fascia supports the muscles and arch of your foot. When it's overly stretched, you can get tiny tears in its surface. This can bring on pain and inflammation.


Question: What are hyaluronic acid joint injections?

Answer: People with arthritis get these shots to help lubricate their joints so that they work more smoothly. Your doctor can let you know if it would help you based on your symptoms and other treatments you've tried. Though the shots have been available for more than a decade, studies on how effective they are have shown mixed results. If you have osteoarthritis, your supply of synovial fluid has thinned.


Question: How can diffusing capacity (DLCO) test help with the diagnosis of asthma?

Answer: This is a simple breathing test that measures how much and how fast you can blow air out of your lungs. The DLCO is normal in people with asthma and low in smokers who have COPD. Asthma may cause a small increase in the size of your lungs (called hyperinflation), but a person with asthma will usually have a normal chest X-ray.


Question: How can methacholine challenge test (MCT) help diagnose asthma?

Answer: Methacholine challenge test ( MCT). During this test, you inhale increasing amounts of a mist of methacholine before and after spirometry. If lung function drops by 20% or more after a low dose of methacholine, that indicates you have asthma.


Question: How do you treat cyclothymic disorder?

Answer: Some people with mild symptoms of cyclothymia are able to live successful, fulfilling lives. Others find their relationships troubled by depression, impulsive actions, and strong emotions. For these people, short-term medications may bring relief. Mood stabilizers include antiseizure drugs such as lithium, Depakote, Tegretol, or Lamictal.


Question: How do you treat persistent depressive disorder?

Answer: Antidepressants , such as selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs), or tricyclic antidepressants, are often used to treat PDD. You may need to try more than one medication to find the one that works best. Doctors believe treatment for PDD is effective with a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Specific kinds of talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy, or interpersonal therapy ( IPT), are known to be effective forms of psychotherapy that treat PDD. Other changes may also help, including seeking social support and finding an interesting occupation.


Question: Should you get treatment for persistent depressive disorder?

Answer: Staying in a constant state of moodiness is no way to live. Another is that PDD can also increase your risk for physical diseases. If left untreated, this mood disorder can develop into more severe depression. It can also increase your risk for attempting suicide.


Question: What are symptoms of cyclothymic disorder?

Answer: PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don't last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins. A diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder may result from simply describing symptoms like these: Episodes that involve brief, recurrent periods of depression and, at other times, episodes of hypomania; this pattern of episodes must be present for at least 2 years. Symptoms that persist, creating fewer than 2 symptom-free months in a row.


Question: What is persistent depressive disorder?

Answer: Although less extreme, Persistent Depressive Disorder ( PDD) causes chronic or long-lasting moodiness that ranges in severity. PDD can occur alone or with other psychiatric or mood disorders, although not with mania or hypomania. As with depression, PDD is more common in women than in men. This mood disorder tends to appear earlier than major depression, although it can begin anytime from childhood to later in life.


Question: Who gets cyclothymic disorder?

Answer: Up to 4% of the general population is affected by PDD. But know that it may take several weeks or longer to take effect. Its cause is unknown, but genetics may play a role; cyclothymia is more common in people with relatives who have bipolar disorder. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood. But because symptoms are mild, it is often difficult to tell when cyclothymia begins.


Question: Can cyclothymic disorder become bipolar disorder?

Answer: Persistent Depressive Disorder is a less severe form of depression. The hypomanias in cyclothymic disorder are similar to those seen in bipolar II disorder, and do not progress to full-blown manias. In some cases, cyclothymic disorder progresses to full-blown bipolar disease.


Question: What is cyclothymic disorder?

Answer: Persistent Depressive Disorder is a less severe form of depression. With cyclothymic disorder, you have low-grade high periods (hypomanias) as well as brief, fleeting periods of depression that don't last as long (less than 2 weeks at a time) as in a major depressive episode. The hypomanias in cyclothymic disorder are similar to those seen in bipolar II disorder, and do not progress to full-blown manias. For example, you may feel an exaggerated sense of productivity or power, but you don't lose connection with reality. They tend to not be as disabling as they are with bipolar disorder.


Question: Who shouldn't use tamoxifen?

Answer: Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Talk to your doctor to know for sure.


Question: Who can use tamoxifen for breast cancer?

Answer: Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects.


Question: What is palbociclib (Ibrance)?

Answer: They help the cells grow and spread. There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause. Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you.


Question: Who gets hormone therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: If they do, it means that they depend on these hormones to grow. In that case, your doctor will probably recommend hormone therapy as part of your treatment plan. Also, if you don't have the disease but have a family history of it, or genes that raise your risk, your doctor may recommend hormone therapy to lower your chances of getting it.


Question: How can palbociclib (Ibrance) and ribociclib (Kisqali) help with treating breast cancer?

Answer: They help the cells grow and spread. Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you.


Question: How can fulvestrant (Faslodex) help with treating breast cancer and what are its side effects?

Answer: It works by keeping estrogen from attaching to the cancer cells. Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).


Question: How can Goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprorelin (Lupron) help with treating breast cancer and what are its side effects?

Answer: There are two types of hormone therapy for breast cancer: Drugs that stop estrogen and progesterone from helping breast cancer cells grow Drugs or surgery to keep the ovaries from making the hormones Hormone therapy is different from hormone replacement therapy ( HRT), a treatment that adds hormones to the body to counter the effects of menopause. Common side effects include: Pain where you get the shot Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Weakness and fatigue Hot flashes Cough Muscle, joint, and bone pain Constipation Shortness of breath


Question: Why do some women take tamoxifen to help prevent breast cancer?

Answer: Tamoxifen is an option for: Treatment of the earliest form of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), along with surgery Treatment of abnormal cells in the glands that make milk, called lobular carcinoma in situ ( LCIS), to lessen the chance that they'll become more advanced breast cancer Treatment of breast cancer in men and women whose cancers use estrogen Treatment of breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body or that comes back after treatment To prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease Some people should not use tamoxifen: Pregnant women Women planning to get pregnant Men or women who've had blood clots or a stroke Talk to your doctor to see if tamoxifen is right for you. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects.


Question: Can any drug besides tamoxifen prevent breast cancer?

Answer: For women, the side effects of tamoxifen are similar to some of the symptoms of menopause. Studies have found that it prevents breast cancer in women who are at high risk, but with fewer side effects. The FDA has approved it for breast cancer prevention.


Question: How common are blood clots and strokes in breast cancer patients who take tamoxifen?

Answer: Women who are at high risk for breast cancer can take tamoxifen to try to lower their chances of getting the disease. Women who take tamoxifen may have a slightly higher risk of blood clots in their lungs or large veins. It's an even bigger risk for smokers.


Question: What is fulvestrant (Faslodex)?

Answer: It works by keeping estrogen from attaching to the cancer cells. Studies have also shown that tamoxifen lessens the risk of breast cancer returning in women who have had the earliest form of the disease, ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS).


Question: Should you call your doctor if you think your arm is broken?

Answer: Most broken arms have these symptoms: A large amount of pain and increased pain when moving the arm Swelling Maybe an obvious deformity compared to the other arm Possible open wound either from the bone puncturing the skin or from the skin being cut during the injury Decreased sensation or inability to move the limb, which may indicate nerve damage Call your doctor after an accident if these signs are present: Significant pain that is not relieved by ice and home pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) A large amount of swelling or mild deformity of the arm compared to the opposite arm Significant pain with use or limited use of the affected arm Pain in one specific part of the arm when it is pressed Your doctor may advise you to go directly to a hospital's emergency department. Place ice in a bag and leave it on the arm for 20-30 minutes at a time. Use pillows to prop your arm while in bed or sitting in a chair.


Question: Can you prevent a broken arm?

Answer: There are 2 main ways to help prevent a broken arm. Wear appropriate personal safety equipment as protection. Prevent and treat osteoporosis, the disease that causes bone loss, especially in older women. This is best done early in life by building stronger bones through a good diet and exercise.


Question: What are symptoms of a broken arm?

Answer: Most broken arms have these symptoms: A large amount of pain and increased pain when moving the arm Swelling Maybe an obvious deformity compared to the other arm Possible open wound either from the bone puncturing the skin or from the skin being cut during the injury Decreased sensation or inability to move the limb, which may indicate nerve damage Call your doctor after an accident if these signs are present: Significant pain that is not relieved by ice and home pain medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) A large amount of swelling or mild deformity of the arm compared to the opposite arm Significant pain with use or limited use of the affected arm Pain in one specific part of the arm when it is pressed Your doctor may advise you to go directly to a hospital's emergency department. Under the following conditions, go directly to the hospital for emergency care: Visible bone sticking out through the skin Heavy bleeding from an open wound Complete lack of movement or sensation of part of the arm Obvious deformity that looks drastically different from the usual appearance Loss of consciousness Many other injuries The initial evaluation by any physician, in the office or in the emergency department, begins with a thorough history and physical exam. An alternate approach to keep the arm from moving is to position a rolled and taped newspaper along the swollen area and to tape it in place.


Question: What should you do when you break your arm?

Answer: Do this by using a towel as a sling. Place it under the arm and then around the neck. An alternate approach to keep the arm from moving is to position a rolled and taped newspaper along the swollen area and to tape it in place. Apply ice to the injured area. Place ice in a bag and leave it on the arm for 20-30 minutes at a time. It may be helpful to place a towel around the ice bag or in between the bag and the skin to protect the skin from getting too cold. Call your doctor for increased pain, loss of sensation, or if your fingers or hand turn cold or blue.


Question: What complications can happen after a colostomy?

Answer: But if you had to have a large piece of the bowel removed, you may need the stoma for good. If the opening is too big, stool can leak out. Doctors call this a prolapse. You may need surgery to fix it.


Question: What does surgery for occipital neuralgia include?

Answer: She may also give you a shot to numb the nerve, called a nerve block, to see if it gives you relief. You might also have blood tests or an MRI scan if your doctor thinks your case isn't typical. The nerve block that your doctor might do to diagnose your condition can be a short-term treatment, too. Your doctor uses a device called a neurostimulator to deliver electrical pulses to your occipital nerves. They can help block pain messages to the brain.


Question: What is progressive relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer: Biofeedback is another helpful tool. When this part of the body is relaxed, another part of the body is tensed and relaxed until the entire body is free of tension.


Question: Whatâs the best way to deal with dental anxiety?

Answer: The key to coping with dental anxiety is to discuss your fears with your dentist. Once your dentist knows what your fears are, he or she will be better able to work with you to determine the best ways to make you less anxious and more comfortable. If your dentist doesn't take your fear seriously, find another dentist. Ask your dentist to explain what's happening at every stage of the procedure. Another helpful strategy is to establish a signal -- such as raising your hand -- when you want the dentist to immediately stop. Use this signal whenever you are uncomfortable, need to rinse your mouth, or simply need to catch your breath.


Question: What is dental phobia, and what are some signs of it?

Answer: It leaves people panic-stricken and terrified. People with dental phobia have an awareness that the fear is totally irrational, but are unable to do much about it. They exhibit classic avoidance behavior; that is, they will do everything possible to avoid going to the dentist. Other signs of dental phobia include: Trouble sleeping the night before the dental exam Feelings of nervousness that escalate while in the dental office waiting room Crying or feeling physically ill at the very thought of visiting the dentist Intense uneasiness at the thought of, or actually when, objects are placed in your mouth during the dental treatment or suddenly feeling like it is difficult to breathe Fortunately, there are ways to get people with dental anxiety and dental phobia to the dentist.


Question: Can long-lasting sinus infections be spread by contact?

Answer: If your infection is caused by bacteria, you can't spread it. You may not know what is causing your sinusitis, so it's best to avoid close contact with other people and to make an appointment with your doctor. Viruses get in the air after someone who is sick sneezes or coughs.


Question: Is a sinus infection contagious?

Answer: It can also make you cough and produce a lot of discharge. That may make you wonder if you could pass it on to someone else. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The answer is sort of. But it really depends on what caused it. And often you just don't know. You can get it the same way you get cold and flu -- by breathing it in or passing it from your hands to your mouth after touching something.


Question: What things can I do every day to prevent heart disease?

Answer: Three ideas to try: exercise, meditate, and talk to people you trust. Work on your weight . Pass on foods that are salty, high in unhealthy fats, or fried. Pick a couple of activities that sound like fun. Up to 1 glass a day for women, and up to 2 glasses a day for men. You may have levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar and not realize it. Don't smoke. He'll help you focus on healthy habits.


Question: Why is it difficult to diagnose depression?

Answer: Do you wonder how doctors are able to make an accurate depression diagnosis? Now, however, a doctor will make a distinction regarding the particular disorder or subtype of depression that a patient has. A depression diagnosis is often difficult to make because clinical depression can manifest in so many different ways. For example, some clinically depressed individuals seem to withdraw into a state of apathy. Others may become irritable or even agitated. Eating and sleeping patterns can be exaggerated. Observable or behavioral symptoms of clinical depression also may sometimes be minimal despite a person experiencing profound inner turmoil.


Question: What are the physical signs of depression?

Answer: Signs of depression may include the following: Appearance of preoccupation Lack of eye contact Memory loss, poor concentration, and poor abstract reasoning Pacing, hand wringing, and pulling on hair Psychomotor retardation or agitation, such as slowed speech, sighs, and long pauses Self-deprecatory manner, or belligerence and defiance (especially in adolescents) Slowed body movements, even to the extent of being motionlessness or catatonic Tearfulness or sad countenance After reviewing the information given at your appointment, including the signs and symptoms, patient history, family history, and physician exam, your doctor may ask for some lab tests to rule outa physical condition that may be causing your symptoms. Before your doctor's appointment, write down a list of concerns you may have about depression and specific symptoms of depression you might have.


Question: How does a doctor diagnose depression?

Answer: In fact, talking with the patient may be the most important diagnostic tool the doctor has. To effectively diagnose and treat depression, the doctor must hear about specific symptoms of depression. A doctor may use a series of standard questions to screen for depression. A doctor can rule out other conditions that may cause depression with a physical examination, personal interview, and lab tests.


Question: How is pink eye diagnosed?

Answer: The doctor will also observe that your eye is inflamed or red. Often, the cause can be determined from your symptoms, medical history, and the eye exam findings alone. Most of the time, treatment is started right away. If there are additional lab results, treatment may be modified based on the results of lab tests. You should also be careful about using the same cloths or drops between your two eyes so as not to transfer the infection to your other eye.


Question: What are general causes of tendon rupture?

Answer: General causes of tendon rupture include: Direct trauma Advanced age. When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon. Antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones increase the risk for tendon rupture, particularly the Achilles tendon. The drawback of nonoperative treatment is that strength is not as reliably returned to baseline with this type of treatment.


Question: What are the self-care guidelines for ruptured tendons?

Answer: Self- Care at Home For all ruptured tendons, regardless of the site, follow the standard RICE ( Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) home therapy procedure as you seek medical attention. Compression of the affected area to minimize swelling Apply compression by loosely wrapping the affected area with an ACE bandage. Be sure that the bandage does not cut off blood flow to the area in question. Elevation of the extremity if possible Try to keep the area above the level of your heart to minimize swelling.


Question: What is the outlook for a ruptured tendon?

Answer: The proximal rupture occurs where the biceps attaches at the top of your shoulder. Because you know your body the best, if something appears to be serious to you, it is usually the best course to be conservative and have an evaluation. Surgical repair, in concert with additional physical therapy, can result in return to normal strength. The drawback of nonoperative treatment is that strength is not as reliably returned to baseline with this type of treatment. The benefits include a decreased risk of infection and generally shorter recovery time.


Question: What may cause quadriceps tendon rupture?

Answer: The 4 most common areas of tendon rupture include: Quadriceps A group of 4 muscles that come together just above your kneecap (patella) to form the patellar tendon. When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon. Quadriceps tendon rupture may be caused by: Direct trauma to the knee just above the patella (kneecap) Advanced age resulting in decreased blood supply to the inside of the tendon Combination of quadriceps contraction and stretching of the muscle (eccentric loading) Achilles tendon rupture may result from: Advanced age resulting in decreased blood supply to the inside of the tendon Strenuous physical activity by those who are not well conditioned Direct trauma Unexpected forcing of the sole of your foot upward as in landing on your feet after jumping from a height Excessive strain while pushing off with the weight-bearing foot Having group O blood type ( This is a controversial cause-and-effect relationship.)


Question: What may cause a rotator cuff rupture?

Answer: General causes of tendon rupture include: Direct trauma Advanced age. You may have a tendon rupture.


Question: What is medical treatment for a quadricep or achilles tendon rupture?

Answer: Medical Treatment Quadriceps Partial tears may be treated without surgery by placing your straight leg in a cast or immobilizer for 4-6 weeks. Achilles tendon Treatment without surgery involves immobilizing your foot so that the sole of the foot is pointed downward for 4-8 weeks. medical problems. An additional advantage with surgical correction is a lower rerupture rate of the tendon.


Question: What may cause biceps tendon rupture?

Answer: As you age, your blood supply decreases. You may have a tendon rupture. patellar tendon rupture, Achilles tendon rupture, rotator cuff rupture, biceps tendon rupture, ruptured tendon


Question: What is the quadriceps tendon?

Answer: The 4 most common areas of tendon rupture include: Quadriceps A group of 4 muscles that come together just above your kneecap (patella) to form the patellar tendon. Often called the quads, this group of muscles is used to extend the leg at the knee and aids in walking, running, and jumping. The rotator cuff tendon is one of the most common areas in the body affected by tendon injury.


Question: What does it mean to have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: That can damage your nerves and blood vessels, leading to serious health problems. You're much more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than people without diabetes are, but you can lower your risk. Type 1 diabetes can take a toll on your feet.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect my feet?

Answer: Having type 1 diabetes means your body doesn't make insulin. Infections and ulcers are more likely. Every day, give your feet a thorough once-over, looking for cuts, blisters, sores, red spots, nail infections, and numb areas.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect my teeth?

Answer: High blood sugar levels can cause real damage to your body. This can lead to plaque build-up and, eventually, gum disease.


Question: Should I exercise if I have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Some of the most common complications are: Kidney disease (nephropathy) Heart disease Stroke High blood pressure Nerve disease (neuropathy) Foot problems, including ulcers Eye disease (retinopathy) Skin infections Gum disease (inflammation and infection) You can't completely erase your chances of developing these conditions, but you can lower the odds. It's also good for your blood pressure and cholesterol. Talk with your doctor before you get started, though. They might warn you against some workouts with high-impact moves and heavy lifting. These can raise blood sugar.


Question: Can a journal help me figure out my IBS triggers?

Answer: An irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out what triggers your IBS, and how to deal with those triggers. Remember, a variety of factors can set off IBS: Certain types of food, the volume of food, stress, medicines, your menstrual cycle, and your environment. You may find, for instance, that you tend to feel bloated after eating snacks during office meetings. Knowing what influences your eating and what causes you distress can help in developing prevention strategies.


Question: What is a cover test in an eye checkup?

Answer: Bring your glasses and contact lenses along with the prescription with you. Cover test: This tells how well your eyes work together. You'll stare at a small target some distance away. The doctor will cover and uncover each eye to observe how much your eyes move. Your doctor will also be watching for an eye that turns away from the target.


Question: What will happen during my eye exam?

Answer: The exam may last from half an hour to several hours, depending on the equipment used. It will cover your vision and your eye health. Ask family or friends who they use. Ask your family doctor for a referral. Call the ophthalmology or optometry department of a nearby hospital and ask about doctors who practice there. Contact state and county academies, associations, or societies of optometrists and ophthalmologists, and ask if they can help you. Get a list from your health plan or health insurance company.


Question: How do I know if my eyes are at risk for some sort of damage?

Answer: You need to check to see if you have serious, sometimes "silent" problems that can affect your vision, like: Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration Cataracts Diabetic retinopathy If your child has no risk factors for eye problems, she should get her vision checked as a newborn and again at every regular health visit. If you have type 1 diabetes, get your eyes checked within 5 years of your diagnosis and every year after that. You'll need an exam ASAP if you're diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Have your eyes checked every year after that.


Question: How can protein therapy help with treating emphysema?

Answer: Getting infusions of AAT can help slow down lung damage. It's designed for people who have severe emphysema in the upper lobes of their lungs.


Question: What are short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators, and how do they work to treat emphysema?

Answer: The short-acting drugs work faster but don't last as long. The long-acting ones don't work as fast, but they last longer. If your emphysema symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend you take short-acting bronchodilators during flare ups. As your symptoms get worse, you may have to take daily doses of long-acting bronchodilators. If you have advanced emphysema, your doctor may prescribe a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. They're used on a regular schedule to open your airways and keep them open.


Question: How can vaccines help with treating emphysema?

Answer: They can also prevent other problems and keep the disease from getting worse. If you have advanced emphysema, your doctor may prescribe a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. They also suggest you get a pneumonia shot every 5 to 7 years to prevent infection.


Question: What are anticholinergic bronchodilators, and how do they work to treat emphysema?

Answer: Bronchodilators come in two forms: Anticholinergics stop the muscles around your airways from tightening. They also make it easier to clear mucus from the lungs. They start working within 3 to 5 minutes and last 4 to 6 hours. Short-acting anticholinergics start working in about 15 minutes and last 6 to 8 hours. The most common side effects of these drugs are dry mouth and difficulty peeing.


Question: What surgeries can treat serious cases of emphysema?

Answer: They include: Lung volume reduction surgery ( LVRS). In this procedure, a surgeon removes part of one or both of your lungs. Bullectomy. In rare cases, air sacs in the lungs caused by emphysema grow larger and can press against healthy parts of the lung. Lung transplants are possible for the most severe cases. Targeted lung denervation ( TLD).


Question: What new treatments may one day treat severe cases of emphysema without major surgery?

Answer: Researchers are developing ways to treat severe cases of emphysema without major surgery. The valves block airflow and mucus to those areas so the healthy areas of the lung can work better. Lung volume reduction coil treatment ( LVRC). The doctor inserts straightened nickel-titanium coils into the lungs. Broncoscopic thermal vapor ablation ( BVTA). This procedure reduces lung volume by using heated water vapor to cause scarring. Doctors place a stent, or tube, into severely diseased airways, allowing air that's trapped in the lungs to escape. It targets nerves that make your muscles contract and produce too much mucus. A small pilot study found TLD was safe.


Question: How can emphysema be treated?

Answer: Which ones your doctor recommends will depend on how severe your symptoms are. They also make it easier to clear mucus from the lungs. That, in turn, can make it harder for you to breathe.


Question: What tests might your pediatrician do if you child's constipation is severe?

Answer: Add more fiber into your child's diet. This is a normal X-ray to check for blockage. The bowels are coated with a dye so that any problems in the rectum, the colon or the small intestine will clearly be seen on an X-ray. Rectal biopsy.


Question: After how long should you see a doctor about your child's constipation?

Answer: Your child may be constipated if he's having any of these symptoms: Abdominal pain Fewer than three bowel movements per week for children, and for babies, no bowel movement for 2 or 3 days more than usual Your child attempts to hold in his stool -- signs include making faces, crossing his legs, or twisting his body. It's usually nothing to worry about.


Question: What are signs that your child might be constipated?

Answer: Hard, dry stools that don't pass easily Stains and small stool marks in your child's underwear There are many things that can cause your child to become constipated. If your child's constipation lasts for more than 2 weeks, something else may be going on.


Question: How is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load measured?

Answer: HIV viral load predicts how fast the disease will progress, while other tests, like the CD4 count, indicate how much damage the virus has already caused. They add an enzyme, a kind of protein, to make more copies of the RNA. This makes it easier to measure how much HIV is in your blood sample. These RT- PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) tests are much more sensitive than HIV tests used in the past. They can find as few as 20 copies of HIV RNA in a milliliter of blood.