Question: Who is more likely to get toxic liver disease?

Answer: OTC pain relievers: Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium can cause toxic liver disease if you take too much of the drug or take it with alcohol. You drink alcohol while you take certain medications or supplements. You work in a job that uses industrial chemicals that could be toxic. You're older. You're female. You have a gene mutation that affects how well your liver works.


Question: How are endocrinologists trained?

Answer: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.


Question: How do you become an endocrinologist?

Answer: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.


Question: How can someone find an endocrinologist?

Answer: Some don't see patients. They may work in universities or medical schools, where they teach medical students and residents or do research. Take your blood glucose journal or logs with you, and let your endocrinologist know what's been going on with you.


Question: Who are endocrinologists?

Answer: They deal with metabolism, or all the biochemical processes that make your body work, including how your body changes food into energy and how it grows. They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.


Question: What fluids should I give my child with diarrhea?

Answer: Your doctor may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor. Give toddlers oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, or clear broth. If your child is vomiting, encourage him to take small, frequent sips instead of drinking too much at once. Offer your toddler popsicles made with oral electrolyte solution. Start with the BRAT diet -- Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast Call your pediatrician if your child's symptoms don't seem to be getting better or your child has signs of dehydration, such as crying without tears, fewer wet diapers than usual, urine that is darker than usual, or a sunken soft spot on the top of the head.


Question: How can staying positive help my child after an organ transplant?

Answer: So stay optimistic, both for your own sake and your child's. Remember, children take their cues from adults. If you seem afraid or anxious, your child will, too. Stay organized. So before you run into problems, talk openly with your child about these risks.


Question: How can honesty help my child cope with an organ transplant?

Answer: She or he will be frightened if no one explains what's happening. Talk about why a transplant was needed and explain what the medicines do. As your child gets older, go into more detail. But unless his doctor has a problem with it, think again.


Question: How can I stay organized after my child's organ transplant?

Answer: You have to learn the names of a dizzying number of medications and keep your child on a complicated dosing schedule. Schedule and keep regular checkups. Have a network of friends and family that you can talk to when you need help.


Question: How can I help my child return to school after an organ transplant?

Answer: As your child gets older, go into more detail. Going back to school after an organ transplant can be tough. Your child may have been away for a long time. So be there for your child. Work with your transplant team. Talk to your child's teacher. Encourage your child to reach out to friends. Talking about the experience can help a lot.


Question: What do HDL cholesterol levels mean?

Answer: The lower your LDL cholesterol number, the lower your risk. This is because HDL cholesterol protects against heart disease by taking the "bad" cholesterol out of your blood and keeping it from building up in your arteries. A statin can slightly increase your HDL, as can exercise.


Question: Does having epilepsy lower a woman's chance of getting pregnant?

Answer: Their fertility rate is between 25% and 33% lower than average. Here are some possible reasons: Women with epilepsy have higher rates of some conditions that can cause infertility. Women with epilepsy are more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles, which can make it more difficult to get pregnant. Women with epilepsy are also more likely to have menstrual cycles that do not produce an egg. Some antiseizure drugs may affect the hormone levels in your ovaries, which can affect reproductive functioning. Women with epilepsy are more likely to have abnormalities in hormones involved in pregnancy.


Question: Do women with epilepsy need to take folic acid while pregnant?

Answer: There are increased risks. Unfortunately, some of the most common drugs for controlling seizures -- phenytoin ( Dilantin) and valproate, valproic acid ( Depakote, Depakene) -- may be associated with a higher risk of having a child with birth defects, especially neural tube defects like spina bifida, because they reduce concentrations of certain forms of folate in the blood. Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy.


Question: Could I have an epilectic seizure during labor and delivery?

Answer: Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. As your pregnancy progresses, your metabolism changes, leading to lower levels of antiseizure medication in your body. That's why your doctor will be monitoring the levels of medication in your blood throughout your pregnancy, and might increase the dosage if it's getting too low. You will also be in pain and breathing hard, which can increase the chance of a seizure. This doesn't mean that seizures are common during labor and delivery, but they are a possibility.


Question: What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

Answer: About 3%-5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness. Symptoms include: Poor appetite Headaches Generalized aches and pains Fever as high as 104 degrees Farenheit Lethargy Diarrhea Chest congestion develops in many people, and abdominal pain and discomfort are common. The fever becomes constant. Improvement occurs in the third and fourth week in those without complications. About 10% of people have recurrent symptoms after feeling better for one to two weeks. Relapses are actually more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.


Question: How is typhoid fever treated?

Answer: Prior to the use of antibiotics, the fatality rate was 20%. Death occurred from overwhelming infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal perforation. With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has been reduced to 1%-2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, there is usually improvement within one to two days and recovery within seven to 10 days. Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol was the original drug of choice for many years. Because of rare serious side effects, chloramphenicol has been replaced by other effective antibiotics. The choice of antibiotics is guided by identifying the geographic region where the infection was contracted (certain strains from South America show a significant resistance to some antibiotics.) If relapses occur, patients are retreated with antibiotics. Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.


Question: What is typhoid fever?

Answer: It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness. The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and are then spread to other people in the area. The incidence of typhoid fever in the United States has markedly decreased since the early 1900s, when tens of thousands of cases were reported in the U. S. Today, less than 400 cases are reported annually in the United States, mostly in people who have recently traveled to Mexico and South America. This improvement is the result of better environmental sanitation. India, Pakistan, and Egypt are also known as high-risk areas for developing this disease. Worldwide, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people annually, with about 200,000 people dying from the disease. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria.


Question: Do you have to use your vacation time before you can take FMLA time off for caregiving?

Answer: Your company may have policies on caregivers, flexible work options, and family leave that apply to you. It may happen that you have to use the Family Medical Leave Act, or FMLA, to take some time off work to handle your loved one's care. Your employer may require that you use any accrued paid leave you have to cover some or all of any FMLA leave you take. You don't have to take your leave all at once.


Question: Why should you talk to your manager about balancing your work and caregiving?

Answer: You have your job -- the one with a paycheck. It's easier for your boss to be supportive if you're still a productive member of the team. But if you're working a shorter or intermittent schedule, your employer can temporarily place you in an alternative job with equal pay and benefits that better accommodates you.


Question: What are flexible work policies for caregivers?

Answer: Ask about flexible work policies. Or if not, you can discuss whether a flexible schedule might be possible for you. It's a good idea to think about how your boss will feel about the changes you're suggesting -- and come up with a plan that meets as many of your needs -- and the company's -- as possible.


Question: Is being exposed to secondhand smoke bad for you?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Being around tobacco smoke is bad for you, even if it's someone else's smoke. When someone smokes a cigarette, most of the smoke doesn't go into their lungs. It goes into the air, where anyone nearby can breathe it. Exposure to secondhand smoke raises the risk -- by as much as 30 percent -- that others will get lung cancer and many other types of cancer, it can lead to emphysema, and it is bad for your heart. Smoke makes your blood stickier, raises your "bad" LDL cholesterol, and damages the lining of your blood vessels. Eventually, these changes can make you more likely to have a heart attack or stroke.


Question: How can you treat a stye?

Answer: After applying the compress, use your finger to press on the inflamed bump to try to unplug the oil gland. Doing this can ease your pain and inflammation and help the stye go away faster. Keep your eye closed while you use the compress. When the stye comes to a head, keep using the compresses to put pressure on it until it ruptures. Don't squeeze it -- let it burst on its own. Some styes spread skin infections when they pop. If that happens, you'll have to take antibiotics. You might have to wear an eyelid bandage for up to 24 hours afterward.


Question: What should you know about toe infections?

Answer: If you have a weakened immune system, you're also more likely to get toe infections. You might need tests to find out what type of bacteria or fungus caused the infection.


Question: How is a broken rib treated?

Answer: Most broken ribs take about 6 weeks to heal. Take pain medicine like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. If you need something stronger, your doctor may prescribe something for you. Take deep breaths to avoid pneumonia. A lung infection is the most common thing you can get with rib fractures. Your doctor may give you a simple device to encourage you to breathe deeply. Don't wrap anything tightly around your ribs while they're healing. You don't want anything to limit your breathing. If you have a more serious injury, you may need additional treatment or possibly surgery. For example, if your lung has been punctured by the sharp end of one of your ribs, you may need to have a procedure done to remove air or blood from inside your chest. Some people whose ribs are badly injured might need to have them repaired with metal plates, but this is rare.


Question: What should you know about a broken rib?

Answer: And if they're broken badly they can seriously damage internal organs. Your chest will hurt more when you take a deep breath. It can also show damage to soft tissue and organs, like your lungs, liver, spleen or kidneys. But if more ribs are broken or if the fracture is from a serious injury, more problems are possible.


Question: Can I have sex during pregnancy without harming the baby?

Answer: Intercourse or orgasm during pregnancy will not harm your baby, unless you have a medical problem. Remember that your baby is well protected in your uterus by the amniotic fluid that surrounds him or her. You may need to ask your doctor to clarify if this means no penetration, no orgasms, or no sexual arousal, because different complications may require different restrictions.


Question: How can I stay intimate with my partner while I'm pregnant?

Answer: Remember that your baby is well protected in your uterus by the amniotic fluid that surrounds him or her. Your doctor may recommend not having intercourse early in pregnancy if you have a history of miscarriages. Also, encourage your partner to communicate with you, especially if you notice changes in your partner's responsiveness. If your doctor has limited your sexual activity, or if you are not in the mood for intercourse, remember to take time for intimacy with your partner. You can take long romantic walks, enjoy candle-lit dinners, or give each other back rubs.


Question: How is bursitis diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will diagnose bursitis based on your symptoms and findings on a physical exam. Some diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out other causes of your pain. These include the following: An X-ray of the affected area to look for bony spurs (abnormal areas) or arthritis Aspiration, in which fluid is taken from the swollen bursa and evaluated under a microscope, to rule out gout or infection Blood tests to screen for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes Magnetic resonance imaging test ( MRI), although this is rare Although bursitis generally disappears in a few days or weeks, the pain may be persistent. A corticosteroid may be injected into and around the inflamed bursae (the fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints affected by bursitis).


Question: What are home remedies for orchitis?

Answer: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin, for example), naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn), or acetaminophen ( Tylenol) may help with pain. The ice packs may be applied for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day for the first day or two. This will help keep down the swelling (and pain).


Question: What are medical treatments for orchitis?

Answer: Most men can be treated with antibiotics at home for a minimum of 10 days. Mumps orchitis will clear up over one to three weeks. Young, sexually active men need to make sure all of their sexual partners are treated. You should use condoms or do not have sexual relations until all partners have completed their full course of antibiotics and are symptom-free.


Question: How can you prevent orchitis?

Answer: Bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases ( STD), such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, can cause orchitis in sexually active men, usually aged 19-35 years. Men older than age 50 should have their prostates examined during their yearly physical exams.


Question: What is surgical ablation?

Answer: Most people who have AFib will not need surgical ablation. This is the most common type of surgical ablation. It may take a few months for your heartbeat to be normal again after your surgical ablation.


Question: How can you take care of your child with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: Treatments for B-cell ALL can make infections more likely. Try to keep him away from anyone who is sick. Everyone who is close to your child should get vaccinated for diseases like the flu and pneumonia, and should wash their hands often. A cancer diagnosis can be very hard for a child. Your child also may need extra tutoring to make up for lost time at school.


Question: How common is hypertensive emergency?

Answer: Hypertensive crisis is an umbrella term for hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency. When it does occur, it is often when hypertension goes untreated, if the patient does not take his or her blood pressure medication, or he or she has taken an over-the-counter medication that exacerbates high blood pressure.


Question: What is hypertensive crisis?

Answer: These two conditions occur when blood pressure becomes very high, possibly causing organ damage. Hypertensive emergency means blood pressure is so high that organ damage can occur.


Question: What can you do to prevent stroke?

Answer: Hypertension puts your arteries under constant stress. If you get your blood pressure under control, you can cut your chance of having a stroke by almost half. You can also aim to: Eat less salt, sugar, and saturated fats (mainly from meat and poultry). Avoid artificial trans fats (often found in processed foods that have âhydrogenatedâ ingredients). Eat more fiber, fruits, and leafy green vegetables Get to a healthy weight. Stop smoking. Limit alcohol.


Question: When is your blood pressure too high?

Answer: If your blood pressure is consistently 130/80 and above, you have hypertension. The top (systolic) number is the force in the arteries when the heart beats. The bottom (diastolic) one is the pressure between beats, when the heart rests. If either number is higher than normal, it means your heart is pumping harder than it should. Studies show that that over time, that makes you more likely to have a stroke.


Question: Can too much stress delay a girl's first period?

Answer: Pushing your body too hard physically also can make your first period come late. This may happen if you're stressed all the time, no matter if it comes from too much homework, family problems, intense sports training, or other issues.


Question: What are gastrointestinal symptoms of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Because of the location of the pancreas in the body, symptoms include: Jaundice. As pancreatic cancer blocks duct that releases bile into the intestine (common bile duct), the ingredients of bile build up in the blood. Abdominal pain. Pancreatic cancer can cause a dull ache in the upper abdomen radiating to the back. The pain may come and go. Bloating. Some people with pancreatic cancer have a sense of early fullness with meals (satiety) or an uncomfortable swelling in the abdomen. Nausea. Some people with pancreatic cancer develop diabetes as the cancer impairs the pancreas' ability to produce insulin.


Question: Does pancreatic cancer cause itching?

Answer: As pancreatic cancer blocks duct that releases bile into the intestine (common bile duct), the ingredients of bile build up in the blood. Some people with pancreatic cancer have a sense of early fullness with meals (satiety) or an uncomfortable swelling in the abdomen.


Question: What does the research say about guarana?

Answer: It may contain up to 3.6% to 5.8% caffeine by weight. So far, studies have not found that guarana is helpful for improving cognitive ability or mood. Some people use guarana to boost athletic or sexual performance. But there's no evidence to back this up. There's some evidence that guarana â when used along with other supplements â may promote weight loss. Studies have not established this.


Question: What are risk of taking guarana?

Answer: Caffeine can improve mental performance and alertness in sleep-deprived people, and guarana would logically have the same effect. Talk to your doctor before using guarana if you have high blood pressure, anxiety disorders, glaucoma, osteoporosis, heart problems, bleeding disorders, diabetes, kidney problems, or liver disease. At least one death has been reported in a young woman with mitral valve prolapse who consumed a guarana containing drink. People with MVP should speak to their doctor before using guarana.


Question: Why do people take guarana?

Answer: Guarana has among the highest concentrations of caffeine in any plant. It may contain up to 3.6% to 5.8% caffeine by weight. Coffee only has up to 2%. It's uncertain if the guarana specifically was responsible.


Question: What is guarana?

Answer: Because it's high in caffeine, guarana has become a popular energy supplement. The safety of using guarana for weight loss is unknown.


Question: Can bleeding gums be a sign of leukemia?

Answer: Bleeding or swollen gums can be a warning sign of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. If you have leukemia, your platelet count is low. That makes it harder for you to stop bleeding in different parts of your body, including your gums. If you have this condition, your body may not have enough platelets to form a blood clot.


Question: Can bleeding gums be a sign of hemophilia or Von Willebrand disease?

Answer: Bleeding or swollen gums can be a warning sign of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. With these conditions, your blood doesn't clot properly, so you may have bleeding gums.


Question: How can leukotriene modifiers help with treating eosinophilic asthma?

Answer: Their job is to keep certain cells in the lungs and airways from releasing chemicals that cause asthma attacks to act up. Medicines called leukotriene modifiers -- such as montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate), and zileuton ( Zyflo) -- relieve the effects of leukotrienes and ease asthma symptoms. It's rare, but some people get agitated and anxious when taking these meds. If this happens to you, tell your doctor. Their job is to block the chemicals that cause inflammation in your lungs.


Question: How can fast-acting inhalers help with treating eosinophilic asthma?

Answer: Depending on which kind your doctor prescribes, side effects can include dry mouth, heart palpitations, or nervousness. Unlike inhalers or pills, you get them as shots or by IV infusion.


Question: How can autism affect children?

Answer: They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it very hard for them to express themselves either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch. A child with ASD who is very sensitive may be greatly troubled -- sometimes even pained -- by sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem normal to others. This is what most people think of when they hear the word "autism."


Question: How can you get more iron from your food?

Answer: As a result, you may feel weak, tired, and irritable. To absorb the most iron from the foods you eat, avoid drinking coffee or tea or consuming calcium-rich foods or drinks with meals containing iron-rich foods. To improve your absorption of iron, eat it along with a good source of vitamin C -- such as orange juice, broccoli, or strawberries -- or eat nonheme iron foods with a food from the meat, fish, and poultry group. But speak to your health care provider about the proper dosage first and follow his or her instructions carefully. Because very little iron is excreted from the body, iron can accumulate in body tissues and organs when the normal storage sites -- the liver, spleen, and bone marrow -- are full. Although iron toxicity from food sources is rare, deadly overdoses are possible with supplements.


Question: Where does nonheme iron come from?

Answer: The solution, in many cases, is to consume more foods high in iron. Most nonheme iron is from plant sources.


Question: How does your body use iron in food?

Answer: There are two forms of dietary iron: heme and nonheme. Heme iron is derived from hemoglobin. It is found in animal foods that originally contained hemoglobin, such as red meats, fish, and poultry (meat, poultry, and seafood contain both heme and non-heme iron). Your body absorbs the most iron from heme sources. Most nonheme iron is from plant sources. To improve your absorption of iron, eat it along with a good source of vitamin C -- such as orange juice, broccoli, or strawberries -- or eat nonheme iron foods with a food from the meat, fish, and poultry group.


Question: What are heart palpitations?

Answer: You may be experiencing heart palpitations, which can feel like your heart is beating too fast, pumping too hard, or fluttering. Usually lasting only a few seconds, they can also be felt in your throat, neck, or chest. They usually aren't serious or harmful, though, and often go away on their own. Most of the time, they're caused by stress and anxiety, or because you've had too much caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol. They can also happen when you're pregnant. They can also be related to heart disease.


Question: What are the active ingredients in skin lighteners?

Answer: The active ingredient in some skin lighteners is mercury, so bleaching can lead to mercury poisoning. The most widely used ingredient in skin lighteners sold in the U. S. is hydroquinone. The FDA regulates the use of hydroquinone in the U. S. Over-the-counter skin lighteners can contain up to 2% hydroquinone. Dermatologists can write prescriptions for lighteners that contain 4%-6% hydroquinone. Other skin lighteners use drugs such as steroids and retinoic acid, which comes from vitamin A, as active ingredients. And some skin lighteners use natural ingredients such as kojic acid -- a compound that comes from a fungus -- and arbutin, a compound found in various plants.


Question: What happens to the breast after ovulation?

Answer: Each breast also contains blood vessels, as well as vessels that carry a fluid called lymph. At this time, the breasts often become engorged with fluid and may be tender and swollen.


Question: What milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?

Answer: You're also learning what makes your 2-month-old tick -- from likes and dislikes, to crying triggers, which are pretty basic at this point: hunger, sleepiness, and dirty diapers. In the second month of life, babies continue to have a strong sucking reflex.


Question: What are some tips for your babyâs second month?

Answer: Even though 2-month-old babies can't talk back, they will respond to the sound of your voice, and it will encourage them to start forming their own first words in the coming months. The first few months of a baby's life are exciting and nerve-wracking for new parents. Don't be afraid to ask for advice when you need it. Your pediatrician is the best source for information, but family and friends are good back-ups. Alternate the carrier with periods of tummy time, stroller walks, and plenty of cuddles in your arms. Babies should not routinely sleep in carriers, car seats, or bouncy seats. Touch is very important during baby's first months. Try some skin-to-skin contact. Some experts recommend baby massage, but just holding or rocking her is enough. When your infant cries, try different soothing techniques. Some babies respond to soft music or singing. Others are calmed by ''white noise'' (for example, running the vacuum cleaner or placing the radio dial between stations). If you haven't already done so, try introducing a pacifier. They are soothing and have also been found to help prevent SIDS. Experiment to find what works best for your 2-month-old.


Question: What are the symptoms of osteosarcoma?

Answer: Warning signs include: Swelling or lumps around bones or the ends of bones. He might get a limp if osteosarcoma affects his legs.


Question: What are 5 tips for using inhaled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medicine?

Answer: Most people with COPD use an inhaler. They also can help temporarily if you have a COPD flare-up. Know how to use it. When you first get the prescription, go over the instructions with your doctor or pharmacist -- or if you have a nebulizer, with a representative from the medical supply company. Or do you need it every day? Know how much you need. Always follow the prescription exactly. Never take more or less than your doctor recommends. If you have a COPD flare-up and your normal dosage doesn't help, don't keep taking more. Instead, get medical help right away. Know what the drug does. You might need more than one kind of inhaled medication. The most common treatment for COPD is a bronchodilator, which relaxes the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up. Since it's so important to control your COPD, make sure you always know how much medicine you have left. Get refills on time.


Question: What are the three basic types of inhalers?

Answer: There are three basic types: Hydrofluoroalkane inhalers or HFA (formerly metered dose inhaler or MDI) Dry powder inhalers ( DPI) Soft mist inhalers ( SMI) HFAs contain a liquid medication that you get through an aerosol spray. These machines change a liquid medicine into a mist that you inhale into your lungs.


Question: What are other potential health benefits of arginine?

Answer: Arginine, also known as L-arginine, is involved in a number of different functions in the body. Some evidence shows that arginine may help improve blood flow in the arteries of the heart. Not all studies on arginine have been positive.


Question: Why do we need arginine?

Answer: It's abundant in many different types of foods, and your body can also make it. They include: Wound healing Helping the kidneys remove waste products from the body Maintaining immune and hormone function Dilates and relaxes the arteries As a natural dietary supplement, arginine has garnered particular attention for its possible heart benefits.


Question: How can I take ginseng safely without side effects?

Answer: Side effects from ginseng are generally mild. After a break -- or âholidayâ -- your doctor might recommend that you begin taking it again for another few weeks or months.


Question: How much ginseng should I take?

Answer: Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Always buy ginseng from a well-respected company. Because it's an expensive root, there is a risk that disreputable manufacturers might sell adulterated ginseng or include less than advertised on the bottle. There have also been some reports of allergic reactions to ginseng.


Question: What are the side effects of taking ginseng?

Answer: Ginseng has also been studied as a way to improve mood and boost endurance as well as treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, and other conditions. Standard doses of ginseng have not been established for any condition. Since ginseng can act as a stimulant in some people. To avoid side effects from ginseng, some experts suggest that ginseng shouldn't be used for more than three months -- or sometimes just a few weeks -- at a time. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, ginseng is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: Can ginseng cause adverse drug interactions?

Answer: Several studies in people have also shown that ginseng may lower blood sugar levels. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo. Do not take ginseng without consulting your doctor if you take any medications. Caffeine may amplify ginseng's stimulant effects.


Question: What is ginseng?

Answer: However, its benefits for most of them haven't been seriously researched. There are two main types of ginseng: Asian or Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng) and American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius). Studies have found that the different types have different benefits. In traditional Chinese medicine, American ginseng is considered less stimulating than the Asian variety. Although many other herbs are called ginseng -- like eleuthero, or Siberian ginseng -- they do not contain the active ingredient of ginsenosides. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo.


Question: What are some gentle bathing tips for eczema skin?

Answer: The best ways to relieve eczema damage and heal faster are to moisturize and take extra care to protect your skin. Eczema prevents your skin from holding in water. Skip the soap and instead use gentle scent- and dye-free cleansing products. Emollient soap substitutes and bath oils clean as well as soap and are less irritating. Wash your skin gently. Don't scrub. Pat off water gently after your shower and seal in moisture right away with a thick cream or ointment.


Question: When is the best time to apply product to the affected skin?

Answer: Also, moisturize during the day whenever your skin feels dry. Pat off water gently after your shower and seal in moisture right away with a thick cream or ointment.


Question: What is the best way to relieve eczema damage?

Answer: That means your skin dries out more quickly and breaks open more easily than usual. It reduces the itch and helps your skin heal faster. These medicines stop the itch that makes you want to scratch.


Question: Who is at risk for histoplasmosis?

Answer: Disseminated disease is more frequently seen in people with cancer or AIDS or those on drugs that suppress the immune system, such as TNF blockers like infliximab ( Remicade) or steroids. Severe cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of chronic and disseminated disease are treated with antifungal medications, sometimes for life in those with compromised immune systems.


Question: What are the risks of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?

Answer: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation. Be sure to discuss these with your doctor and ask questions before surgery.


Question: What are symptoms of gastroenteritis?

Answer: You might also have stomach pain, cramping, fever, nausea, and a headache. Because of diarrhea and vomiting, you also can become dehydrated. Watch for signs of dehydration, such as dry skin and a dry mouth, feeling lightheaded, and being really thirsty. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices.


Question: Can bacteria cause the stomach flu?

Answer: Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices. Salmonella can also be spread through pet reptiles or live poultry. Another bacteria, shigella, is often passed around in day care centers. It typically is spread from person to person, and common sources of infection are contaminated food and drinking water.


Question: What chemotherapy drugs are used to treat rheumatic diseases?

Answer: These include: Methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall). Methotrexate is the chemotherapeutic drug most widely used by rheumatologists because it is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and certain other rheumatic diseases (such as certain forms of vasculitis, or inflammation of blood vessels), and it is relatively safe. Usually taken in a single or twice daily dose by mouth, Imuran also is used to suppress the abnormal immune response in some patients with vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), and rheumatoid arthritis. Cytoxan is a more powerful drug and has more side effects than methotrexate and Imuran. It is usually given intravenously to treat the most aggressive and dangerous rheumatic diseases and their complications, such as severe lupus and some forms of vasculitis.


Question: How do ACE inhibitors work to treat heart failure?

Answer: They also help block a substance in the blood called angiotensin that is made as a result of heart failure. Angiotensin is one of the most powerful blood vessel narrowers in the body. ACE inhibitors are critical in the treatment of heart failure. They are also used to control high blood pressure, prevent kidney damage from diabetes, and prevent more heart damage after a heart attack. Your heart failure symptoms may not improve right away when taking ACE inhibitors. But long-term use of ACE inhibitors helps manage chronic heart failure and reduces the risk that it will get worse.


Question: What are some of the common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Don't treat the rash yourself. Dizziness , lightheadedness, or faintness upon rising: These may be strongest after the first dose, especially if you have been taking a diuretic (water pill). Call your doctor if these symptoms persist or are severe. Call your doctor.


Question: Should you tell your doctor about all medications you are taking while taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Check with your doctor before taking any anti-inflammatory drugs. Never stop taking your medication, even if you feel that it is not working.


Question: What are some other guidelines for taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Call your doctor. Never stop taking your medication, even if you feel that it is not working. Your heart failure symptoms may not improve right away when taking ACE inhibitors.


Question: How can I soothe a dry cough naturally?

Answer: So if you run a slight fever for a day or two, you could get well faster. Hot drinks also open your chest and head. Plus they count toward all that liquid you're supposed to be drinking every day. Make a cup of hot herbal tea and add a teaspoon of honey if you like it sweet. Keep the flu to yourself.


Question: What is testicular torsion?

Answer: Because the testicles are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. Sometimes, this cord gets twisted around a testicle, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden and severe pain, enlargement of the affected testicle, tenderness, and swelling. This condition, which occurs most often in men under the age of 25, can result from an injury to the testicles or from strenuous activity. It also can occur for no apparent reason.


Question: What causes testicular cancer?

Answer: The risk factors for cancer of the testicles include: Age. Testicular cancer can occur at any age, but most often occurs in men between the ages of 15 and 40. Undescended testicle. Family history. Race and ethnicity. The risk for testicular cancer in white men is more than five times that of black men and more than double that of Asian- American men.


Question: How do people get vitamin D?

Answer: Unlike calcium, which you only get through food, your body makes vitamin D when sunlight hits your skin. Active people who live in sunny regions can get at least some of what they need from spending time outdoors every day. But in less temperate areas such as Minnesota, Michigan, and New York, the skin makes less vitamin D in the winter months, especially for older adults. If you're not getting enough from sunlight and food, you may need to take a supplement. You can get vitamin D in multivitamins and also in combination with a calcium supplement, as well as on its own.


Question: What is geographic tongue?

Answer: Two other names for geographic tongue are benign migratory glossitis and erythema migrans. Affecting about 1% to 3% of people, geographic tongue can show up at any age. However, it tends to affect middle-aged or older adults more often. It appears to be more common in women than in men. In fissured tongue, cracks and grooves appear on the tops and sides of the tongue.


Question: Can geographic tongue make your tongue sensitive?

Answer: This is often from sensitivity to substances such as: Hot, spicy, or acidic foods Cigarette smoke Toothpaste Geographic tongue occurs when parts of the tongue are missing layers of small bumps called papillae. Geographic tongue has also been seen more frequently in people with psoriasis and in those with fissured tongue.


Question: What are some additional benefits of the Mediterranean diet for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: That's good if you have RA because olive oil can also lower levels of the chemicals that cause inflammation. The fruits and vegetables in the Mediterranean diet are full of antioxidants that also help curb inflammation. To change things up, add spices like turmeric and ginger. These spices aren't part of the Mediterranean diet, but studies show they naturally lower inflammation. If you take blood thinners, talk to you doctor first, since turmeric can prevent blood from clotting. Red wine is a classic part of this eating plan, but check with your doctor to see if it's OK for you. If you take methotrexate, you should avoid alcohol because it increases the chance of liver damage.


Question: How is heartburn surgery done?

Answer: The main surgery for stubborn heartburn is called fundoplication. The surgeon can either directly touch the parts of your body they're working on (open fundoplication), or they can use special tools, including a thin tube with a light and camera called a laparoscope, to operate on you from the outside. With the LINX procedure, your doctor uses a laparoscope to put a ring of titanium beads around the outside of your lower esophagus. This strengthens the valve between the esophagus and stomach. Food and liquids can still pass through. With a set of small tools at the tip of an endoscope, he can tightly bind the end of the esophagus to the top of the stomach.


Question: What should you expect after heartburn surgery?

Answer: The most common reason for surgery is heartburn that doesn't go away with medications and lifestyle changes. But surgery won't get rid of all your symptoms. You may need to keep taking medication. About 1 in 10 people will need to have surgery again. You might: Have a hard time swallowing after the surgery Feel bloated often, called gas bloat syndrome Get an infection where you were cut You should talk to your doctor about the pros and cons in your situation to decide whether surgery is a good choice for you.


Question: Can primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) cause portal hypertension?

Answer: Some of those issues include: Portal hypertension: Your portal vein carries blood from your stomach, intestines, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas to your liver. Scar tissue from cholangitis blocks normal circulation and can boost pressure in your portal vein. If there's too much, you could get a serious infection called bacterial peritonitis.


Question: Which parts of the body does cystic fibrosis affect?

Answer: The lungs aren't the only part of your body CF damages. Cystic fibrosis also affects the following organs: Pancreas. This stops proteins that break down your food, called digestive enzymes, from reaching your intestine. As a result, your body has a hard time getting the nutrients it needs. Over time, this can also lead to diabetes. Liver. Because it can be hard to break down high-acid foods that come from your stomach, the lining of the small intestine can wear away. Large intestine. This can lead to blockages. In some cases, your intestine may also start to fold in on itself like an accordion, a condition called intussusception. Bladder. This means that you leak a little pee when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or lift something. Though it's more common in women, men can have it, too. Kidneys. These small, hard globs of minerals can cause nausea, vomiting, and pain. If you don't treat them, you could get a kidney infection. Reproductive organs. Women with CF have very thick cervical mucus, which can make it harder for a sperm to fertilize an egg. Other parts of the body. Because it upsets the balance of minerals in your blood, it can also cause low blood pressure, fatigue, a fast heart rate, and a general feeling of weakness.


Question: What happens after my biopsy test for prostate cancer?

Answer: If the results of your prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) test or digital rectal exam ( DRE) suggest that you may have prostate cancer, your doctor will perform a biopsy to find out for sure. If she finds cancer, she'll grade it using a method called the Gleason Scoring System.


Question: What is involved in stage IV prostate cancer?

Answer: The Gleason score is 8 or less and the PSA is any level. Stage IV A The cancer has or has not spread to tissues outside the prostate.


Question: How does my doctor know if my prostate cancer has spread?

Answer: The Gleason system uses the numbers 1 to 5 to grade the most common (primary) and second most common (secondary) patterns of cells found in a tissue sample. That tells you how aggressive the cancer is. It uses a number system to show how big the tumor is and how far the cancer has spread.


Question: How can my biopsy indicate that I have prostate cancer?

Answer: The Gleason system uses the numbers 1 to 5 to grade the most common (primary) and second most common (secondary) patterns of cells found in a tissue sample. Grade 5: Most cells look very different from normal.


Question: Can you have lactose intolerance and ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Look for one who specializes in working with people who have long-term illnesses. Some people can't digest lactose, which is the sugar in milk. If you need to be lactose-free, try: Lactose-free milk or calcium-fortified soy milk Lactase pills or drops, which help you digest lactose Fish is a great way to get omega-3 fatty acids, which help build your baby's brain and eyes. If you're underweight to start, you should aim to gain 28 to 40 pounds.


Question: Who should you talk to for help about eating right for a healthy pregnancy if you have ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Look for one who specializes in working with people who have long-term illnesses. If you need help, talk to a dietitian about healthy food choices.


Question: What causes a COPD flare-up?

Answer: Smoggy or dirty air can also make your symptoms get worse in a hurry. It's important to know the warning signs that a flare-up is coming on so that you can avoid it if possible. These exacerbations can cause your COPD to get worse or put you in the hospital. These symptoms are linked to problems with your heart or lungs.


Question: What are some early signs of a COPD flare-up?

Answer: When you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, your usual symptoms might become worse rather quickly -- or you may even get new ones. One obvious sign of an oncoming flare-up is shortness of breath. Swollen ankles or legs or belly pain. You should call your doctor at once if you or a loved one with COPD are showing symptoms of a flare-up.


Question: How can traditional Chinese medicine help treat shingles?

Answer: They generally try to restore balance in your body. Some of these techniques include: Moxibustion: It's a type of heat therapy often done along with acupuncture. It uses moxa, which is typically made from the dried leaves of an herb called Chinese mugwort. During treatment, a practitioner burns the herb close to your skin. It is supposed to open up your pores to flush out toxins. During a session, a therapist heats air inside a cup made from glass, bamboo, or horn. Some research shows that cupping, especially along with other treatments such as acupuncture and light therapy, can ease shingles pain. Acupuncture: This ancient practice uses very thin needles to balance your qi. People get it to ease or stop pain from any number of causes, and it may help with shingles.


Question: How will my health insurance pay for botox?

Answer: Wrinkles caused by sun damage and gravity will not respond to Botox. Check with your health insurance company for coverage details.


Question: What type of doctor may I need to see to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Its symptoms can seem vague, and they're also signs of many other problems that aren't as serious. Your doctor will most likely try to rule out other causes of your symptoms first. You may need to see a heart specialist, called a cardiologist, or a lung specialist, called a pulmonologist. Or your doctor may send you to a center that specializes in diagnosing and treating PAH. An open-lung biopsy is a type of surgery in which a small sample of tissue is removed from your lungs under general anesthesia to check for a possible secondary cause of pulmonary hypertension.


Question: How is ADHD adjunctive therapy used?

Answer: This is adjunctive therapy. You may also hear it called combination therapy or complementary therapy. For some children with ADHD, the first treatment may be behavioral therapy, which gives the child, parents, and teachers training and tools to deal with symptoms. Even if your child doesn't have a mood disorder like depression, your doctor may still suggest a combination of these two types of drugs to help with your child's symptoms. You need to make sure she takes her meds exactly as the doctor prescribes.


Question: How can hearing loss make you feel that you're ears are clogged?

Answer: Age-related changes in how the brain processes sound can also make it harder to ignore background noise. Your ears feel clogged. If others in your house complain that the TV is too loud, it's time to get your hearing checked.


Question: How can hearing loss make it harder to follow a conversation in noisy places?

Answer: This can make it harder to understand anyone with a high-pitched voice, like children and women. If you have trouble hearing the high tones, you will hear the noise better than the speech of people around you. Age-related changes in how the brain processes sound can also make it harder to ignore background noise.


Question: Are are some signs of hearing loss?

Answer: The start of an age-related hearing problem can be just as subtle. Children's voices sound muffled or unclear. When aging takes a toll on your cochlea, the inner ear organ that helps you hear, the cells that detect high-pitched sounds are usually the first to fail. You can't follow the conversation in noisy places. You're exhausted after social events. You're watching people's lips instead of making eye contact. Your ears feel clogged. The volume on your TV keeps creeping up.


Question: What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is when the walls of the lower chambers of your heart (called the ventricles) are too rigid to expand as they fill with blood. The pumping ability of the ventricles may be normal, but it's harder for the ventricles to get enough blood. This leads to heart failure. Exercise at a time of day when you have the most energy.


Question: What is Munchausen syndrome?

Answer: Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder, a mental disorder in which a person repeatedly and deliberately acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick. Munchausen syndrome is considered a mental illness because it is associated with severe emotional difficulties. Most of the symptoms in people with Munchausen syndrome are related to physical illness -- symptoms such as chest pain, stomach problems, or fever -- rather than those of a mental disorder.


Question: Is it safe for my child to get a flu vaccine?

Answer: Flu vaccines for children may not be safe for everyone. You may not like the idea of your child getting yet another shot, but you have to weigh the very small chance of a side effect with the much more serious risks of actually getting the flu. It's always better to prevent an illness than to treat it.


Question: Does the flu shot cause side effects in children?

Answer: They include: Redness or soreness in the body part that got the shot Low-grade fever Aches The vaccine can't give your child the flu. They exist, but supplies are limited. If your child is older than 2, she can get the nasal spray vaccine, which doesn't have it.


Question: What are symptoms of the flu in children?

Answer: Symptoms are pretty much the same no matter what the flu type. In children, these include: Congestion Sore throat Cough Fever -- as high as 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit Chills Headache Muscle and body aches Vomiting and nausea The flu itself isn't the only problem. Neither cause the flu. Each year, the illness shifts a little bit, so a new vaccine has to be prepared that contains the most common strains for that particular year.


Question: How does the flu shot work in children?

Answer: If it weakens your child's immune system, she also could get a bacterial infection on top of it. If she gets infected with the real flu later, her body will be ready to defend itself. If all goes well, her system will fight off the virus and future flus may not be as severe or last as long.


Question: How long does the flu vaccine work for children?

Answer: There are two types of vaccines: one is given as a shot and the other as a spray that your child breathes in. Vaccines don't always prevent the flu. Each year, the illness shifts a little bit, so a new vaccine has to be prepared that contains the most common strains for that particular year.


Question: What is an iron blood test?

Answer: It can check for conditions like anemia, or iron overload (excess iron). Your doctor might order a test if you have symptoms of either condition. The lab results will show whether iron levels in your blood are too high or too low.


Question: What are the types of iron blood tests?

Answer: Serum iron. This test measures the amount of iron in your blood. Serum ferritin. This test measures how much iron is stored in your body. Unsaturated iron-binding capacity ( UIBC). This test measures how much transferrin isn't attached to iron. Transferrin saturation. This test measures the percentage of transferrin that is attached to iron. If your iron level is too low, you could have anemia.


Question: What valves are involved in the heart?

Answer: As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve. There are four heart valves within the heart: Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Aortic valve Pulmonic valve (also called pulmonary valve) The tricuspid and mitral valves lie between the atria and ventricles. The aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart. The atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to pump blood through your heart.


Question: What triggers a heart beat?

Answer: This is your heartbeat. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells called the SA node (sinoatrial node), located in the right atrium. This node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract. A cluster of cells in the center of the heart between the atria and ventricles, the AV node (atrioventricular node) is like a gate that slows the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles. This delay gives the atria time to contract before the ventricles do. The His- Purkinje network is a pathway of fibers that sends the electrical impulse from the AV node to the muscular walls of the ventricles, causing them to contract.


Question: What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer: In addition to carrying fresh oxygen from the lungs and nutrients to your body's tissues, it also takes the body's waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from the tissues. These are small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from cells. Veins. These are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart; this blood contains less oxygen and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body. Veins become larger as they get closer to the heart. The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood from the head and arms to the heart, and the inferior vena cava brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart. This vast system of blood vessels -- arteries, veins, and capillaries -- is over 60,000 miles long. That's long enough to go around the world more than twice! Blood flows continuously through your body's blood vessels. Your heart is the pump that makes it all possible. Here, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries, called the coronary arteries.


Question: How much blood does your heart pump?

Answer: This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping five or six quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day. Blood flows continuously through your body's blood vessels. On the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ.


Question: What is chickenpox?

Answer: Symptoms of chickenpox include fever and itchy spots or blisters all over the body. Chickenpox is usually mild and runs its course in five to 10 days, but it can cause more serious problems when teens and adults get it. People with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible to developing serious complications from chickenpox. That means the virus is able to produce immunity in the body without causing illness.


Question: How can scalp oil help with psoriasis?

Answer: Massage a small amount into your scalp, then wrap your head in a towel and wait 30-60 minutes. Wash with your usual shampoo, then use a comb to gently loosen and remove the scales. Choose an ointment, oil, or thick cream.


Question: Which shampoos should you use if you have psoriasis?

Answer: These shampoos can help loosen rough scales on your scalp, but they won't always do a good job of cleaning your hair. After using one, follow with a regular shampoo. This will make sure you get rid of any odd âmedicineâ smell and make your hair easier to style. Talk to your doctor about a good product for you.


Question: How should you wash up if you have psoriasis?

Answer: That can make you feel better about how you look and get your day off to a good start. This will give your skin a smoother look. Flakes can make your skin appear bumpy and uneven, even when you're wearing makeup. That gives you a smooth surface for your makeup.


Question: How can shaving wet help with managing psoriasis?

Answer: Shaving wet instead of using an electric razor on dry skin is gentler on patches. Afterward, make sure to moisturize. You may find that skipping a day between shaves is easier on your skin. Look for a color that closely matches the skin tone of the skin surrounding your psoriasis.


Question: How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

Answer: These may include: Thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) T4 (thyroxine) Lower-than-normal T4 levels usually mean you have hypothyroidism. However, some people may have increased TSH levels while having normal T4 levels. This is called subclinical (mild) hypothyroidism. It is believed to be an early stage of hypothyroidism. If your test results or physical exam of the thyroid are abnormal, your doctor may order a thyroid ultrasound, or thyroid scan, to check for nodules or inflammation. You will need regular blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels.


Question: How can pregnancy lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: Thyroiditis" is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. Women with this condition usually have a severe increase in thyroid hormone levels followed by a sharp drop in thyroid hormone production. Most women with postpartum thyroiditis will regain their normal thyroid function. This is called subclinical (mild) hypothyroidism.


Question: How can too little iodine in the diet lead to hypothyroidism?

Answer: If only part of the thyroid is removed, the remaining gland may still be able to produce enough hormone for the body's needs. Your body doesn't make iodine, so you need to get it through your diet. Iodized table salt is rich in iodine. Other food sources of iodine include shellfish, saltwater fish, eggs, dairy products, and seaweed. Iodine deficiency is rare in the U. S. Pregnancy .


Question: What causes secondary hypothyroidism?

Answer: The thyroid needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone. For example, the pituitary gland or hypothalamus produce hormones that trigger the release of thyroid hormone. A problem with one of these glands can make your thyroid underactive.


Question: What is hypothyroidism?

Answer: With hypothyroidism, your thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. "


Question: What are the main symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kids?

Answer: The main symptoms are pain in the lower belly, back, or side and an urgent need to pee or pee more often. Some kids who already have been toilet trained lose control over their bladder, and may wet the bed. Infants can have more general symptoms, like fussiness, little interest in food, or a fever. Other symptoms of a UTI include: Burning or pain when your child pees Foul-smelling or cloudy pee An urgent need to go, and then only peeing a few drops Fever Nausea or vomiting Diarrhea If your child has symptoms of a UTI, see your pediatrician.


Question: How common are urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kids?

Answer: Colds and other respiratory infections are common. But kids can get urinary tract infections ( UTIs), too. Up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys will get a UTI by age 5. Sometimes the symptoms of this infection can be hard to spot in kids. It's important to get your child treated, because a UTI can turn into a more serious kidney infection. With the right treatment, your child should start to feel better in just a few days. Have your kids drink lots of water, which helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.


Question: What are side effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Answer: Examples of ARBs include: Atacand (candesartan) Avapro (irbesartan) Benicar (olmesartan) Cozaar (losartan) Diovan (valsartan) Micardis (telmisartan) Teveten (eprosartan) Some of the side effects of taking ARBs include: Dizziness , lightheadedness, or faintness upon rising, This side effect may be strongest after the first dose, especially if you have been taking a diuretic (water pill). Physical problems. Diarrhea, muscle cramps or weakness, back or leg pain, insomnia (difficulty sleeping), irregular heartbeat, or fast or slow heartbeat, sinusitis or upper respiratory infection. Contact your doctor right away. Severe vomiting or diarrhea.


Question: How are irregular periods treated?

Answer: Is your period irregular -- and if so, does it need treatment? Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) and hypothyroidism are two common causes of irregular periods in women. In general, the goal of treatment is to restore the balance of hormones in the body. If you have PCOS, your doctor may recommend birth control pills or other hormones to trigger a period. If you have hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), you may need to take thyroid hormones.


Question: How do you decide on what type of weight loss surgery to get?

Answer: After this surgery, when you eat, food bypasses most of your stomach and the first part of your small intestines. All types of weight loss surgery have pros and cons. Those that involve more cutting, sewing, and rearranging things inside of you may yield slightly better results, but they also may come with more side effects.


Question: How does a vertical sleeve gastrectomy work for weight loss?

Answer: Restrictive types of weight loss surgery are gastric banding, intragastric balloon, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy. What remains of the stomach is a narrow tube or sleeve, which connects to the intestines.


Question: Who's likely to get kidney stones?

Answer: Forty percent of the people who get kidney stones have relatives who have them, too. Their bodies may get rid of too much calcium or too little citrate (a chemical found in citrus fruits) in their pee, for instance. If you've had them once, you're likely to get them again, unless you take steps.


Question: What can you do to prevent kidney stones?

Answer: Lots of sodium, which you get mainly through salt, means more calcium in your pee. Stay hydrated, especially when you exercise. Avoid or eat less of foods with high amounts of ingredients like sodium chloride, monosodium glutamate ( MSG), and sodium nitrate. Usually it's good to get more spinach and nuts in your diet.


Question: Can your diet affect your chances of kidney stones?

Answer: One top reason is you may not be drinking enough water. That means you'll make too little pee, which gives the stones more chances to form. Too little calcium in your diet may lead to kidney stones in certain people.


Question: What is the treatment for celiac disease?

Answer: When you have celiac disease, your immune system reacts to foods with gluten, a protein found in grains like wheat, barley, or rye. Long-term risks: Over time, celiac disease can damage the lining of your intestines, and your body may not be able to take in enough nutrients. If you don't get enough calcium and vitamin D from food, your bones can become weak or soft. If you have celiac: Completely cut out foods with gluten. That can include things with wheat, barley, rye, spelt, malt, or triticale, and don't drink beer or ale. Grains like rice, oats, and corn or starches like potatoes should be fine.


Question: What should you know about celiac disease?

Answer: If you have it and eat cereal, bread, or other foods that contain gluten, you can get very sick. Both kids and adults can have the disease. About 1% of people have it. Some people who don't eat gluten may be sensitive to it, but they don't have celiac disease. If you have celiac: Completely cut out foods with gluten.


Question: What tests do doctors use to determine if you have celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Some people also have anemia, which means your body doesn't make enough red blood cells, and feel weak or tired. If you have severe stomach pain, diarrhea, or gas right after you eat certain foods, see your doctor. Tell her when your symptoms started and what seems to trigger them. She'll probably want to do a few tests to find out what the problem is. He also might take a sample of tissue (called a biopsy) to test for signs of celiac. Bone density test: This is a low-dose X-ray that shows how much mineral is in your bones. It can predict how strong your bones are and how likely they are to break. There is no test for IBS. Your doctor will go over your symptoms to rule out other causes like celiac, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis. If you don't have any of those, you probably have IBS.


Question: Can acupuncture help my fibromyalgia?

Answer: If you're looking for another way to manage your fibromyalgia pain, you may be able to get some relief from acupuncture. And keep in mind that acupuncture probably works best when you combine it with other treatments. Not all studies show that acupuncture helps fibromyalgia, but there is some research that suggests it may be able to ease pain, stiffness, and anxiety and also help you sleep better.


Question: What are grains made up of?

Answer: It contains the fiber, antioxidants, B vitamins, and minerals. It contains mostly carbohydrates, but also small amounts of protein, B vitamins, and minerals. Whole-grain foods are made with all three parts of the grain, so they've got vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Refined grains have only the starchy endosperm layer, so they have less fiber and fewer nutrients.


Question: Can I still eat grains if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Fiber slows digestion and the absorption of carbohydrates and may not raise your blood sugar as quickly as refined grains. Examples of one whole-grain food serving: 1/2 cup of cooked brown rice 1/2 cup of cooked oatmeal 1 slice of whole-grain bread 1/2 cup of whole wheat pasta Ask your doctor or a dietitian about how to fit whole grains into your diet.


Question: How can I eat more whole grains if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Also, try these tips: Add grains like barley and bulgur wheat to soups, stews, salads, and casseroles to add texture. When you bake breads or muffins, instead of white flour use half whole wheat flour and half oat, amaranth, or buckwheat flour. You can also use these whole-grain flours in pancakes and waffles. The reason whole wheat bread and brown rice are better for you than white bread and white rice is in the way the grains are processed.


Question: How can an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) coach help in treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: As an adult, you also might need different skills to stay organized and manage your time. A coach can share suggestions and tips and keep you focused and motivated to make the changes you want. Studies show that coaching can help you reach goals, manage stress, and achieve more in your life.


Question: How long do I need to take ADHD meds as an adult?

Answer: And you'll be better able to tell if it's working. Your doctor may suggest: Going off the meds once a year to see if you still need them. Taking a drug holiday so your body doesn't get too used to it. Otherwise, you might need a higher dose.


Question: What medical conditions should avoid stimulants in the treatment of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Stimulants. These are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. For some, the side effects can be too much. And you want to avoid stimulants if you have certain conditions, such as: Bipolar disorder Anxiety Heartbeat that's faster than normal or whose rhythm is off High blood pressure Psychosis Severe anorexia Substance abuse problems Tourette's syndrome Non-stimulants.


Question: What medications work for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Many people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) don't know they have it until they're adults. Others have known they had it since childhood. Drugs are the main treatment for ADHD. But finding the one that works best for you may take some trial and error, and what works at first may not do so well. Also, while many drugs work for both children and adults with ADHD, clonidine ( Catapres, Jenloga, Kapvay), guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex), and modafinil ( Provigil) haven't been well-researched for adults and aren't prescribed much. And it's used to address issues like substance abuse and depression. These types of conditions, and the medicines you take to treat them, can affect ADHD, and vice versa.


Question: How can adults get the most out of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatments?

Answer: Many people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) don't know they have it until they're adults. Others have known they had it since childhood. The same treatments used for kids with ADHD also treat adults. For most people, it's a combination of medicine and talk therapy. Sometimes the meds you took as a child may work differently because your brain, body, and symptoms may have changed. As an adult, you also might need different skills to stay organized and manage your time. And you may need treatment for other issues like depression or anxiety. To get the most from any treatment, it's good to know specifically how ADHD affects you. Does it make it hard to meet deadlines at work? Are you struggling in relationships with your spouse or child? If you know, you can better seek care that's tailored for you. And you'll be better able to tell if it's working.


Question: How can talk therapy help treat adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: For most people, it's a combination of medicine and talk therapy. Talk therapy can help you and your family members learn more about how ADHD works and how to better deal with the problems it can create. There are many types of talk therapy. Two common ones for ADHD are: Cognitive behavioral therapy. You learn to change your thoughts and actions in a way that gives you more control over your life. It can help with challenges in school, work, and relationships. And it's used to address issues like substance abuse and depression. Marriage counseling and family therapy. You and your family members learn how to communicate better and spot patterns that may cause issues. The counseling can help loved ones understand that the problems aren't simply about your being messy or forgetful.


Question: How do antidepressants help in treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: These are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. Antidepressants. Your doctor might recommend it if you have a substance abuse problem or mood disorder, as well as ADHD.


Question: What are common side effects of stimulants for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: These are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. Usually, you start at a low dose. You may be able to manage your side effects by changing the dose or time of day you take it. Common side effects include: Anorexia or loss of appetite Anxiety or panic Dry mouth Headache Jitteriness Moodiness Slight increase in blood pressure and pulse Trouble sleeping Stimulants are effective, but they're not for everyone.


Question: How does aging affect your bladder?

Answer: This is called âurinary incontinence.â It happens to an estimated 10% of people 65 or older. Many of these people get a little leakage when they cough or sneeze, but some lose a large amount of pee before they can get to the bathroom. For women, menopause can be a factor. For men, an enlarged prostate might be the issue. You might also notice that you're not as regular as you used to be. Some conditions, such as diabetes, can slow down your bowels. Some medicines might make you constipated. These include medicines that treat blood pressure, seizures, Parkinson disease, and depression. Iron supplements and narcotic pain medicines can also lead to constipation. As men age, they may find it harder to get or keep an erection.


Question: How does aging affect your gums?

Answer: Some medicines make your mouth feel drier. Dry mouth might put you at higher risk for tooth decay and infections. You might even notice you seem to be shorter.


Question: What are tips for rehydrating when the air is dry?

Answer: Here are a few tips to help you combat dry indoor air, preserve the moisture in your skin and nasal passages, and avoid feline-induced static shocks this winter. When you turn up the thermostat in your home, your heating system kicks up clouds of dust, pollen, and other allergens that can inflame your sinuses. Hydrate often. Keep your skin and mouth moist by drinking water throughout the day. Shorten your showers.


Question: What are healthy sleep habits?

Answer: Go to sleep and wake up at about the same times every day. Try to get 7-8 hours of shut-eye per night. Don't eat a big meal close to your bedtime. Take your computer and TV out of your bedroom. Put your smartphone in a drawer, so the screen light doesn't keep you up. Exercise most days this week. Start a sleep diary. Write down how well and how long you rest. Don't drink alcohol at night.


Question: What can you do to lower your odds of heart disease?

Answer: To help lower cholesterol levels, eat a diet low in cholesterol, saturated fat, and refined sugars and high in fiber. Exercise and healthy eating as well as avoiding salt help. If you have it, treating it also will help control high blood pressure. Get to a healthy weight. Losing extra weight is good for your heart. Control diabetes. Manage stress and anger.


Question: How can I prevent allergies when I'm outside?

Answer: Stay indoors as much as possible on hot, dry, windy days, when pollen counts tend to be highest. Wear a mask (like a low-cost painter's mask) when mowing the lawn if you're allergic to grass pollen or mold. Wear a mask when gardening if pollen bothers you. Avoid raking leaves or working with hay or mulch if you're allergic to mold. After being outdoors, take a shower, wash your hair, and change your clothes to remove pollen. To protect yourself from insect stings , wear shoes, long pants, and sleeves. Don't wear scented deodorants, perfumes, shampoos, or hair products. Don't hang clothes or linens outdoors to dry.


Question: What are measures that are used to assess multiple sclerosis disability?

Answer: Doctors also use these measures in clinical studies. In many cases, these are simple questionnaires. For example, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life questionnaire asks you questions about your: Physical, cognitive, social, and sexual function Limitations due to physical or emotional problems Perceptions about your health Pain Energy Overall quality of life Emotional health Other scales measure specific aspects of disability such as: Bladder or bowel control Visual impairment Fatigue Mental health Pain Additional tests may help with measuring MS progression in the future.


Question: What are the disease steps (DS) of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The EDSS focuses mainly on your ability to walk. Doctors use it as a way to know when to begin therapy and to tell how you are responding to therapy. Scores range from 0, which is normal, to 6, which means you are unable to walk at all. To establish the rating, you walk 25 feet. In addition, the doctor takes a medical history and performs both physical and neurological exams. Altogether, the time needed to create the rating is no more than about 30 minutes.


Question: What is an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer: Intracerebral hemorrhage: With this type, a blood vessel inside your brain bursts or leaks, and that affects how much oxygen your brain gets. So as blood starts to build up, it puts pressure on your brain, and that can cause damage, too. And as blood spreads through your brain, it can block nerve cells and keep them from sending messages to other parts of your body. That can affect how well you remember, speak, and move.


Question: What can I give my child to help with mucus in a cough?

Answer: Make sure he rests and gets plenty to drink. There is little scientific evidence that guaifenesin or any chemical expectorant actually works. Warm tea or water with lemon and honey -- a proven expectorant -- can soothe your child's inflamed throat. Warm liquids can also ease the feeling of a "tickle in the throat" and a dry cough. Breathing in steam, along with drinking plenty of fluids, can also help loosen up mucus. Be careful not to burn your child with the hot steam. Ask your pharmacist for specific directions and advice. Avoid combination products such as expectorant/antihistamine or cough expectorant/cough suppressant.


Question: What combination cold medicines should be avoided in children?

Answer: An expectorant like guaifenesin ( Mucinex) may help thin mucus, which lets your child cough it up more easily. These may work against each other. Some ingredients, such as antihistamines, may not work at all for a virus -- they can't help unless some of the symptoms are actually from an allergy. Read labels carefully. Many cold medicines contain a fever and pain reliever such as acetaminophen. You don't need to give a separate dose to relieve aches and fever. If you do, you may be "double dosing." This can be dangerous for your child. If your child has a stuffy or runny nose but no aches, avoid painkillers.


Question: What happens during an estrogen test?

Answer: An estrogen test measures any of three forms of the hormone: Estrone ( E1) Estradiol ( E2) Estriol ( E3) A test for one type may be called an âestrone testâ or an â E1 test,â for example. During the test, your doctor or another health care professional will take a little blood from a vein in your arm. A lab will then test that blood sample.


Question: When should you have exercise ankle-brachial index test?

Answer: You might need the ankle-brachial index test for a few reasons: 1. If you took an exercise ankle-brachial index test, the range of results may be a little different.


Question: What do the results of an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test mean?

Answer: Your doctor uses the blood pressure results to come up with a number called the ankle-brachial index. Here's what the numbers mean: 0.9 or less. You have PAD. The lower the number, the more blockage you have. Over 1.4. The test isn't helpful to you. This result means you have stiff arteries, and you can't get useful blood pressure numbers with the cuff. Your doctor will turn to a different test.


Question: Can exercise help prevent the flu?

Answer: Experts say you should get at least 30 minutes of moderate cardio like walking, swimming, biking, or running each day. Extreme workouts can slash the number of white blood cells you have and boost the level of stress hormones in your bloodstream. Your immune system works best when it isn't in overdrive.


Question: What causes depression?

Answer: No one knows exactly what causes it, but it can occur for a variety of reasons. Some people experience depression during a serious medical illness. Others may have depression with life changes such as a move or the death of a loved one. Still others have a family history of depression. Those who do may experience depression and feel overwhelmed with sadness and loneliness for no known reason. A chronic illness is an illness that lasts for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely.


Question: How is liver cancer treated at different stages?

Answer: This may also be done without chemotherapy (bland emoblization) in some cases, using ethanol instead. Radiation therapy can be given in various ways, but has its limitations due to the liver's low tolerance to radiation. When used, the role of radiation is to alleviate symptoms outside of the liver or to relieve pain within the liver by shrinking the tumor. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival. Chemotherapy and low-dose radiation may control the cancer's spread and ease pain, however these are of modest benefit in this type of cancer.


Question: Is a liver transplant an option for liver cancer?

Answer: Screening for early detection of primary liver cancer is not performed routinely, but it may be considered for people at high risk for the disease. Although this procedure is risky, it offers some chance of long-term survival.


Question: What causes golfer's elbow?

Answer: Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. Golfer's elbow is usually caused by overusing the muscles in the forearm that allow you to grip, rotate your arm, and flex your wrist. Repetitive flexing, gripping, or swinging can cause pulls or tiny tears in the tendons. Despite the name, this condition doesn't just affect golfers. Risky sports include tennis, bowling, and baseball -- in fact, it's sometimes called pitcher's elbow.


Question: What are the risks of endometrial biopsy?

Answer: An endometrial biopsy is a way for your doctor to check for problems in your uterus. The wall of your uterus could also get nicked by the tools used during the biopsy, but this is very rare. If you think you may be pregnant, make sure to tell your doctor ahead of time. The biopsy could cause you to miscarry.


Question: What is endometrial biopsy?

Answer: It's very safe. The procedure usually takes 10 to 15 minutes. This holds it open during the procedure. While an endometrial biopsy is safe, there is a chance of bleeding and infection.


Question: What are the types of denture adhesives?

Answer: Paste application. Apply this denture adhesive to a dry or preferably wet denture. Avoid placing adhesive close to the denture borders. For dentures on the upper jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- along the ridge area and one down the center. For dentures on the lower jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- in the center of the ridge area. Sprinkle a thin, uniform layer throughout the tissue-bearing surface of the denture. Shake off excess powder and press the denture into place. Powders may be preferred over pastes because they are easier to clean off the denture and tissue.


Question: What do new dentures feel like?

Answer: Cast a final denture Adjustments will be made as necessary New dentures may feel a little odd or loose for a few weeks until the muscles of the cheeks and tongue learn to keep them in place and you get comfortable inserting and removing them. Also, it is not unusual for minor irritation or soreness to occur and for saliva flow to increase when you first start wearing dentures, but these problems will diminish as the mouth adjusts. You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.


Question: When shouldn't you use denture adhesives?

Answer: Made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has begun to heal, a conventional denture is ready for placement in the mouth about eight to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed. There are situations when denture adhesives should not be used. Those cases include: When it is used as a "fix" for ill-fitting or poorly constructed dentures. When a dentist has not evaluated dentures for a long time. These developments may indicate the need for a denture adjustment or new dentures. Apply less than you think you need, and then gradually increase the amount until you feel comfortable.


Question: Does insurance cover the cost of dentures?

Answer: However, contact your company to find out the specifics of what they will cover. For dentures on the lower jaw, apply three short strips of adhesive -- or a series of small dots -- in the center of the ridge area.


Question: What are complete dentures?

Answer: Two types of dentures are available -- complete and partial dentures. Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain. Complete dentures can be either "conventional" or "immediate." You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.


Question: Will dentures make me look different?

Answer: Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are missing, while partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain. In fact, dentures may even improve your smile and fill out your facial appearance. You should also avoid chewing gum while you wear the denture.


Question: How can diseases of the autonomic nervous system cause fainting?

Answer: The following can cause fainting, too: Diseases of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system problems include acute or subacute dysautonomia, chronic post-ganglionic autonomic insufficiency, and chronic pre-ganglionic autonomic insufficiency. Conditions that interfere with the parts of the nervous system that regulate blood pressure and heart rate.


Question: When should you see a doctor about campylobacter infection?

Answer: When you have a weakened immune system, the bacteria can cause a very serious infection of your bloodstream. Some of the symptoms to watch for include: Diarrhea for more than 2 days Signs of dehydration (dark pee, dry mouth and skin, dizziness) Severe pain in your gut or rectum Fever of 102 F or more Diarrhea and vomiting are common campylobacteriosis symptoms, but they can also be symptoms of many other illnesses.


Question: How can you prevent campylobacter infection?

Answer: The most effective way to avoid campylobacteriosis is to cook poultry to at least 165 F. The meat should be white, not pink. You should never eat chicken that looks undercooked. Keep uncooked meat and poultry away from other foods, such as vegetables, by using separate cutting boards, utensils, and cooking surfaces. Wash your hands after touching a pet or pet feces. Make sure your child or anyone with diarrhea washes his or her hands well.


Question: What causes campylobacter infection?

Answer: The bacteria usually live in the digestive systems of animals, including poultry and cattle. You should never eat chicken that looks undercooked.


Question: What are complications of campylobacter infection?

Answer: If left untreated, campylobacteriosis may lead to serious consequences for a very small number of people. One example is a gallbladder infection (cholecystitis). It's a disorder in which your immune system attacks nerves in your body.


Question: What might your treatment process look like if you have metastatic lung cancer?

Answer: If that drug doesn't work like she expects, she might try one or more additional therapies, either at the same time or later to try to achieve the best results. If chemotherapy can't do this, your doctor may try other methods.


Question: How serious is lung cancer usually?

Answer: If that drug doesn't work like she expects, she might try one or more additional therapies, either at the same time or later to try to achieve the best results. It helps your immune system find and destroy cancer cells.


Question: What should you do when someone is in myxedema coma?

Answer: People with hypothyroidism who are in or near a coma should be taken to an emergency department immediately. If you have severe hypothyroidism, then any of the following can contribute to myxedema coma: Infections, especially lung and urine infections Heart failure Stroke Trauma Surgery Drugs, such as phenothiazines, amiodarone, lithium, and tranquilizers, and prolonged iodide use Not taking prescribed thyroid medications Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include the following: Weakness Confusion or non-responsiveness Feeling cold Low body temperature Swelling of the body, especially the face, tongue, and lower legs Difficulty breathing People who have myxedema coma are in or near a coma and not able to function normally. Friends or family members should take them to an emergency department immediately. Friends or family members should not give the person in myxedema coma any thyroid medication before taking him or her to the emergency department.


Question: How is appendicitis treated?

Answer: Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. Generally, if your doctor suspects that you have appendicitis, they will quickly remove it to avoid a rupture. If you have an abscess, you may get two procedures: one to drain the abscess of pus and fluid, and a later one to take out the appendix. But some research shows that treating acute appendicitis with antibiotics may help you avoid surgery.


Question: How is appendicitis diagnosed?

Answer: Symptoms are often unclear or similar to those of other illnesses, including gallbladder problems, bladder or urinary tract infection, Crohn's disease, gastritis, kidney stones, intestinal infection, and ovary problems. It can be deadly unless it is treated quickly with strong antibiotics.


Question: What happens if you have appendicitis?

Answer: Surgery to remove the appendix, which is called an appendectomy, is the standard treatment for almost all cases of appendicitis. Sometimes, an abscess forms outside an inflamed appendix. Scar tissue then "walls off" the appendix from the rest of your organs. But an abscessed appendix can tear and lead to peritonitis.


Question: What should you expect from an appendectomy?

Answer: Before your appendix is taken out, you'll take antibiotics to fight infection. You'll usually get general anesthesia, meaning you'll be asleep for the procedure. If you have peritonitis, the surgeon will also clean out your belly and drain the pus. You can get up and move around within 12 hours after surgery. You should be able to go back to your normal routine in 2 to 3 weeks. If you had a laparoscopy, recovery is faster.


Question: How can I soothe a teething baby?

Answer: Try a cold pacifier, spoon, clean wet washcloth, or a solid (not liquid) refrigerated teething toy or ring. Some experts say frozen teething toys are too cold and may hurt your baby's mouth. A hard, unsweetened teething cracker can be comforting. If your baby is older than 6-9 months, you can offer cool water from a sippy cup, too. You can also massage her gums by gently rubbing them with your clean finger. If you're nursing your baby, try dipping your fingers in cool water and massaging her gums before each feeding. That may keep her from biting your nipple while nursing.


Question: How is HER2-positive breast cancer diagnosed?

Answer: She'll probably give you one or more of these tests: The IHC test uses certain antibodies that identify the HER2 protein in a sample of breast cancer tissue. Because your breast cancer is HER2-positive, your doctor will treat it a special way.


Question: What is the treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer?

Answer: As a result, your breast cells grow and divide uncontrollably. About 1 of 5 of breast cancers are HER2-positive. How will the treatment make me feel? What if my cancer doesn't respond to the treatment? Because your breast cancer is HER2-positive, your doctor will treat it a special way. Targeted therapy: Doctors usually start HER2 treatment with special drugs called targeted therapies. It lowers the chances that your disease will come back.


Question: What should you expect if you have HER2-positive breast cancer?

Answer: There are two main types: Drugs that block estrogen receptors: Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex, Soltamox), toremifene ( Fareston), fulvestrant ( Faslodex) Drugs that lower estrogen levels (aromatase inhibitors, or AIs): Anastrozole ( Arimidex) Exemestane ( Aromasin) Letrozole ( Femara) Clinical trial: Ask your doctor if a clinical trial is a good option for you. These are studies that test treatments that aren't yet available to everyone to see how well they work and how safe they are. Many women do well with targeted treatments. Breast cancer of any kind is easier to treat when it's diagnosed early. If your disease spreads or comes back, there are still ways to treat it.


Question: What can help you while getting treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer?

Answer: How will the treatment make me feel? Radiation: You could get this treatment after surgery to lower the chances your cancer will return, or if your cancer has spread to other body parts. Exercise can help you feel better, but only when you're up for it. Stay nourished. If you don't have much of an appetite, eat smaller meals every few hours, rather than three big meals. That could help you handle the emotions that can come with having cancer.


Question: What is HER2-positive breast cancer?

Answer: HER2-positive breast cancer is a type of breast cancer in which breast cancer cells test positive for a protein receptor called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. About 1 of 5 of breast cancers are HER2-positive. While HER2 is more aggressive than other types of breast tumors, there are treatments that can help. You'll work with your doctor to review the treatment options and come up with a plan that's best for you. Doctors don't know the exact causes of breast cancer.


Question: What is the link between breast cancer and hormones?

Answer: A woman with dense breasts is 1.5 to 2 times more likely to get breast cancer. The more estrogen your body has made over time, the higher your risk. Alcohol is linked to breast cancer.


Question: Who is at a greater risk for breast cancer?

Answer: The risk goes up for women with certain types of benign breast lumps and for women who have had ovarian cancer. In about half of the cases, the woman has no known risk factors. Having a mother, sister, or daughter ("first-degree" relative) with breast cancer puts a woman at higher risk. Carriers of alterations in either of two genes, called BRCA1 or BRCA2, are at higher risk. There's a 69% chance that a woman with an inherited alteration in the BRCA2 gene will get breast cancer by that age.


Question: What is the link between diet and breast cancer?

Answer: From 50 to 60, that goes up to 1 in 42. In the U. S., white and African- American women are more likely to get it than Hispanic, Asian/ Pacific Islander, and Native American women. Alcohol is linked to breast cancer. Compared with nondrinkers, women who drink one alcoholic drink a day have a very small increase in risk, and those who are moderate drinkers (2 to 3 drinks a day) have about a 20% higher risk.