Question: Why are lutein and zeaxanthin good for my eyes?

Answer: Lutein and zeaxanthin can help protect your eyes from harmful high-energy light waves like ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Studies suggest that a high level of both in eye tissue is linked with better vision, especially in dim light or where glare is a problem.


Question: What is the recommended daily allowance for lutein and zeaxanthin?

Answer: Recommended daily allowance: No RDA has been set for either nutrient.


Question: What is a urine phosphate test?

Answer: A urine phosphate test measures how much phosphate is in your pee over a 24-hour period. Your doctor might also call it a phosphorous test.


Question: How do I prepare for a urine phosphate test?

Answer: Results are typically ready within a day, but it could take longer, depending on the lab your doctor uses. In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year. And different labs have different ways of doing the test. It's best to talk to your doctor about exactly what your results mean.


Question: What can affect the level of phosphate in your body?

Answer: In general, higher levels than normal could mean a number of things, including: Not enough potassium in your diet Too much phosphorous in your diet An issue with your parathyroid gland Kidney disease And several things can cause lower-than-normal phosphate levels, like: Not enough phosphorous or vitamin D in your diet Taking insulin Too much potassium in your diet Using antacids for a long time But your age, diet, and gender can affect your phosphate levels, as can pregnancy, exercise, and even the time of year.


Question: How is a urine phosphate test done?

Answer: Your doctor gives you a container to collect your urine over a 24-hour period. It may have a substance in it that helps keep the urine stable until it's tested. Your doctor may ask you to keep the container in the refrigerator when you're not using it.


Question: Who needs to get a urine phosphate test?

Answer: Your doctor might recommend a urine phosphate test if she thinks you might have an issue with your kidneys or you get kidney stones often. In some cases, the test can offer some clues about why they keep coming back. Calcium and phosphate levels are closely tied, so you may also have this test if other tests show your calcium levels aren't quite right.


Question: How do you know if you have HIV?

Answer: The only way to know for sure is with an HIV test. So get tested if you think you could've gotten the virus, whether or not you have any symptoms. It's also important to see your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if you think you could have been exposed to the virus in the past couple of days. A medication called post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP) can keep you from getting HIV. But you have to take it within 72 hours of when you get the virus for it to work. A doctor can give you a prescription for PEP, and you'll take it once or twice a day for 28 days.


Question: What does an electromyography (EMG) measure?

Answer: Your muscles move when nerve signals from the brain tell them to get to work. Electromyography measures how well your muscles respond to those signals. If the test picks up a problem, you may be diagnosed with what is called a neuromuscular disorder.


Question: What happens during a nerve conduction study (NCS) procedure?

Answer: Nerve conduction study: The technician puts electrode patches on your skin over the nerve that may be causing your symptoms. A stimulating electrode sends a mild electrical impulse to the nerve. The other electrodes record the nerve's response. If the signal travels at a slower rate than it should in a healthy nerve, it means the nerve is probably damaged. More tests may be needed to learn whether the nerve can become healthy again.


Question: How can a therapist help my bipolar disorder?

Answer: A therapist can help you: Work on your relationships with family, friends, and co-workers Find good ways to manage stress Solve problems at school or work Stick to your bipolar treatment and live a healthy life Get a new perspective on your situation Learn ways to talk to other people about your bipolar disorder Avoid situations that may trigger a manic or depressive episode, such as too little sleep or drug and alcohol use Make a plan for what to do if you become depressed or manic In addition to one-on-one therapy for bipolar disorder, you might want to try couples counseling or family therapy, depending on your situation.


Question: How should I keep my doctor informed about high blood pressure drugs?

Answer: But the more your doctor knows about you, the better he or she can help. Make sure your doctor knows about these things: Other drugs you take, either prescription or over the counter Vitamins or other supplements you take Herbs you might use Alcohol and any recreational drugs you use, or have used Other health problems, especially conditions such as diabetes Other factors in your life that could contribute to high blood pressure, such as difficult family issues, a high-stress job, or a sedentary lifestyle Why is it so important to take your high blood pressure drugs properly?


Question: Which pills shouldn't be split?

Answer: If a pill has any of these features, don't try to cut it in half: A hard outer coat: Splitting a coated pill can make it harder to swallow and may change the way your body absorbs the medicine. They're extended release: Pills formulated to give you medication slowly throughout the day may lose this capability if split in half. They're capsules: Because they contain powder or gel, capsules have to be taken whole. A small or uneven shape: Some pills are just too difficult to split evenly.


Question: When is it OK to split a pill?

Answer: In general, however, look for these three signs that a pill is safe to split: FDA approval. If the FDA has approved a drug for splitting, it will be printed on the package insert. Thumbs up from your doctor or pharmacist. Before splitting any pill, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist. Scored down the middle.


Question: How should you split a pill?

Answer: They're cheap -- between $3 and $10 at most pharmacies. Some health insurance providers will send them to members for free. Keep it clean. Always wash your hands first. Wash the pill splitter thoroughly after you've done your splitting.


Question: What problems can you have with split pills?

Answer: Think about these before you decide to try pill splitting: The possibility of an uneven dose: For some drugs, the dose has to be so accurate even a small difference in two halves of a split pill could put your health at risk. Crushed pill issues: Some pills can easily turn to powder. A pile of crumbs will be very difficult to break into two equal doses. Miscommunication: Your doctor may write "1/2 pill" and your pharmacist may see "1 -- 2 pills." Confusion: If you forget to split pills before taking them, you'll take twice as much as your doctor intended. Physical limitations: If a medical condition has made your hands weak or unsteady, or if your vision is impaired, it will be tough to split pills cleanly by yourself.


Question: Why is iron important when you have UC?

Answer: Iron. When you have UC, you might lose iron through bleeding from the sores in your colon. If you don't have enough iron, you can get a condition called anemia, which can make you tired, dizzy, have a fast or irregular heartbeat, and have problems thinking. Your doctor can tell if you don't have enough iron with a blood test. If that's the case, he'll probably recommend you take an iron supplement.


Question: How can my UC medicine affect my nutrition?

Answer: Finally, some medicines you take to treat ulcerative colitis interfere with your body's ability to absorb and maintain the vitamins and minerals it needs. For instance, corticosteroids such as prednisone can get rid of your body's calcium supply. Drugs like sulfasalazine lower your level of folate, an important B vitamin.


Question: How can vitamin D help ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Even with a well-designed meal plan, you may still need some of these supplements: Vitamin D. You need it to keep your bones strong. It also plays a role in how your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- works. If you have ulcerative colitis, especially if you need steroids, you may be at risk for having low levels of vitamin D. A good source of vitamin D is dairy foods, but a lot of people with UC cut back on dairy to help them curb symptoms of diarrhea. Experts have different views on vitamin D supplements, so ask your doctor if it it's a good idea for you to take them.


Question: What is a psychoanalyst?

Answer: They can be psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers by training. These professionals follow Sigmund Freud's theories and other more modern theories that are based on the idea that painful childhood memories in your unconscious mind are the cause of emotional troubles. Psychoanalysts use talk therapy and may recommend medications, too. These can be prescribed by the therapist if they're a psychiatrist or by another doctor.


Question: What should I do before my first visit with a mental health therapist?

Answer: Before you schedule that first appointment, you may want to research and ask about a potential therapist's: Treatment approach and philosophy Specialization by age group or particular disorder Education, years in practice, licenses, and professional associations Fees, lengths of sessions, insurance coverage, policies around missed appointments, and office hours Availability in case of an emergency Talk to trusted friends, family, or clergy about professionals they may have seen or know of.


Question: What's the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists?

Answer: They usually have doctoral degrees ( Ph D or Psy D) and are trained to provide professional counseling on psychological and emotional issues. They may specialize in areas such as marriage counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, or sex therapy. Psychologists don't have medical training, so they're not allowed to prescribe medications -- except in certain states where the legislature has given them prescribing privileges. These professionals are medical doctors who specialize in the treatment of mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. A psychiatrist can prescribe medications. They may hold therapy sessions or work with non-medical therapists to treat you.


Question: What should I look for in a mental health professional?

Answer: Besides finding someone who is well qualified, you also want a mental health professional who specializes in treating problems similar to those that you have. You should trust them, even when what they're saying is uncomfortable for you. While you'll usually go for psychotherapy weekly or monthly, psychoanalytic sessions could be several times a week for a while.


Question: How often do you need to have a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: If you decide you want to take fecal occult blood tests, you'll need to do that every year, and also get other tests by your doctor -- flexible sigmoidoscopy (like a colonoscopy but doesn't go as far into your digestive system) and barium enema ( X-rays of the colon after you get an enema made with barium) -- every five years to check for colorectal polyps or cancer.


Question: How can I take a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: There are different kinds of these tests. You can buy some kits at the pharmacy. Or your doctor may give you a home test kit at one of your appointments. They come with instructions. Most list a phone number to call if you have questions. For some tests, you put a special pad or tissue from the kit into the toilet and tell your doctor if it changes color. Other tests require you to collect stool samples on more than one day. You then send the samples, in a special container and envelope, directly to your doctor's office for analysis with a microscope or chemicals. You should use newer âhigh sensitivityâ versions of these tests.


Question: What causes blood to appear in poop?

Answer: Blood may show up in your poop because of one or more of the following conditions: Growths or polyps of the colon Hemorrhoids (swollen blood vessels near the anus and lower rectum that can rupture, causing bleeding) Anal fissures (splits or cracks in the lining of the anal opening) Intestinal infections that cause inflammation Ulcers Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Diverticular disease, caused by outpouchings of the colon wall Problems in the blood vessels in the large intestine Meckel's diverticulum, usually seen in children and young adults Gastrointestinal bleeding may be microscopic, so you can't see it. ( Doctors call that âoccultâ blood.) Or you may easily see it as red blood, or black tar-like bowel movements.


Question: When should you not take a fecal occult blood test?

Answer: Don't take the test if you have: Diarrhea Colitis Constipation Diverticulitis Ulcers Hemorrhoid flare-ups Your period Because certain foods can alter some of the tests' results, don't eat these foods for 48 to 72 hours before you take the test: Beets Broccoli Cantaloupe Carrots Cauliflower Cucumbers Grapefruit Horseradish Mushrooms Radishes Red meat (especially meat that is cooked rare) Turnips Vitamin C-enriched foods or beverages You may need to stop taking certain medicines 48 hours before the test.


Question: What can you not eat on the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox?

Answer: Not allowed: Anything that has to be chewed, processed food, meat, cow's milk, alcohol, salt, or coffee (except in that weekly enema).


Question: What is the summary for the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox?

Answer: The Final Word The Martha's Vineyard Diet is not a healthy approach and may leave you worse off than before. Such a strict program will leave you frustrated. It will not deliver the long-term effects you're looking for. The only positive thing that the diet has going for it is the focus on vegetables. Eating a wide variety of vegetables is an excellent strategy for getting your health in order. But skip this plan and find another that focuses on lowering calories through a well-rounded diet and exercise program that works for you.


Question: What can you eat on the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox?

Answer: De Luz has detoxers stick to water, herbal tea, juices you make from organic vegetables and fruits, homemade soups, and powdered antioxidant berry and green drinks she sells on her web site. In a typical day, you will drink 40-48 ounces of water, 32-40 ounces of herbal tea, 16 ounces of vegetable-based soup, and 32 ounces of either a green drink made from vegetables, vegetable juice, or a berry drink.


Question: How well does the Martha's Vineyard Diet Detox work?

Answer: There are no known health benefits to the diet, supplements, products, and techniques that De Luz recommends in her book, such as not chewing, coffee enemas, and laxatives. Despite the popularity of âcolonicsâ in recent years, they don't make you healthier. There's no reason to detoxify your body, as it takes care of that on its own. It may even be harmful for some people.


Question: What is rheumatic fever?

Answer: A rare but potentially life-threatening disease, rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated strep throat caused by bacteria called group A streptococcus. The main symptoms -- fever, muscle aches, swollen and painful joints, and in some cases, a red, lattice-like rash -- typically begin two to four weeks after a bout of strep. In some cases, though, the infection may have been too mild to have been recognized.


Question: What should you check on the label on skin lightening products?

Answer: Make sure there is no mercury in the product. Mercury is sometimes listed under other names, such as calomel, mercuric, mercurous, or mercurio. Make sure an over-the-counter skin lightener with hydroquinone has no more than 2% of that chemical. If a label lists hydroquinone but doesn't say how much it contains, don't assume it's safe to use. Some foreign products contain more hydroquinone than is allowed in the U. S. and some labels may not be accurate. If you have any questions about a product you are considering, talk with your doctor or pharmacist to be certain it's safe.


Question: What are skin lightening products?

Answer: Skin lightening products -- also known as bleaching creams, whiteners, skin brighteners, or fading creams -- work by reducing a pigment called melanin in the skin. Most people who use lighteners do so to treat skin problems such as age spots, acne scars, or discoloration related to hormones. It is also a technique used to lighten naturally dark skin.


Question: What problems can skin lightening cause?

Answer: Long-term use may increase the risk of skin cancer from sun exposure. Always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen when using a skin lightener and going outside. Steroids in some skin lighteners may increase risk for skin infections, skin thinning, acne, and poor wound healing. Applying steroids to large areas of skin may put you at risk for health problems related to steroid being absorbed by the body. Hydroquinone may cause unwanted and untreatable skin discoloration (ochronosis). Various bleaching agents, including natural ingredients, can cause skin irritation or allergic reaction.


Question: Is skin bleaching dangerous?

Answer: Skin bleaching is a cosmetic treatment to reduce the prominence of skin discolorations and even out the color of the skin. You can buy bleaching creams over the counter and by prescription. Some people apply skin lightener to their entire body to change their complexion, but this can be very risky. The active ingredient in some skin lighteners is mercury, so bleaching can lead to mercury poisoning. Mercury is a toxic agent that can cause serious psychiatric, neurological, and kidney problems. Pregnant women who use a skin lightener with mercury can pass the mercury to their unborn child.


Question: How much water should I drink to avoid when working out?

Answer: A good general rule is to then drink this amount of water: 8 ounces about 20 to 30 minutes before working out 8 ounces every 10 to 20 minutes during your workout 8 ounces within a half hour of when your workout is done Eat a small meal or snack every 2 to 3 hours to keep a steady source of fuel for your body.


Question: How can I check the blood pressure of my child?

Answer: How to Check Your child's doctor will start to check blood pressure at age 3. Your child may need to have it checked sooner if he: Was born prematurely or had low birth weight Has congenital heart disease Takes medicine that can make blood pressure rise Has other medical conditions that can lead to high blood pressure If your doctor tells you to check your child's blood pressure at home, use an automatic monitor with a cuff that fits on his upper arm. Take the monitor with you to your next appointment so your doctor can check that you use it correctly.


Question: How can I check my child's heart rate?

Answer: You should also check your child's pulse if he: Says his chest hurts or complains of things like a âracingâ feeling or a âskippedâ heartbeat Faints Has trouble breathing (not because of asthma) Becomes pale or his lips turn blue How to Check Make sure your child has been seated for at least 5 minutes before you start. Place your first two fingers on the front of his neck or the inside of the wrist, armpit, or elbow crease. You should feel thumps against your fingers. Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the beats. Double that number, and that's your child's heart rate.


Question: What are signs of respiratory distress in children?

Answer: Normal rate (breaths per minute): Infant (0-12 months): 30-60 Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40 Preschooler (3-5 years): 22-34 School-aged child (5-12 years): 18-30 Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16 If your baby or child's pulse is fast or he has any of the following symptoms, it could mean he's having trouble breathing: Bluish color around the mouth Pale or gray skin A grunting sound with each breath out Nose flares Wheezing Sweating Tiredness Upper chest sinks in with each breath Respiratory distress is serious. It means your child isn't getting enough oxygen. Call your doctor or 911, or get to the emergency room right away.


Question: How can I check my child's respiratory rate?

Answer: How to Check Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the number of times your child's chest rises. Double that number to get his respiratory rate. Normal rate (breaths per minute): Infant (0-12 months): 30-60 Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40 Preschooler (3-5 years): 22-34 School-aged child (5-12 years): 18-30 Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16 If your baby or child's pulse is fast or he has any of the following symptoms, it could mean he's having trouble breathing: Bluish color around the mouth Pale or gray skin A grunting sound with each breath out Nose flares Wheezing Sweating Tiredness Upper chest sinks in with each breath Respiratory distress is serious.


Question: What are normal levels of blood pressure for boys and girls 13 and older?

Answer: For boys: 1 year old: less than 98/52 2 years old: less than 100/55 3 years old: less than 101/58 4 years old: less than 102/60 5 years old: less than 103/63 6 years old: less than 105/66 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 107/70 10 years old: less than 108/72 11 years old: less than 110/74 12 years old: less than 113/75 For girls: 1 year old: less than 98/54 2 years old: less than 101/58 3 years old: less than 102/60 4 years old: less than 103/62 5 years old: less than 104/64 6 years old: less than 105/67 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 108/71 10 years old: less than 109/72 11 years old: less than 111/74 12 years old: less than 114/75 For boys and girls 13 and older: less than 120/80.


Question: How do I take an oral temperature for my child?

Answer: To take an oral temperature: Slip the end of the thermometer under your child's tongue. Have your child close his lips around the thermometer. Remove it when it beeps and check the temperature.


Question: What are normal levels of blood pressure in girls?

Answer: For boys: 1 year old: less than 98/52 2 years old: less than 100/55 3 years old: less than 101/58 4 years old: less than 102/60 5 years old: less than 103/63 6 years old: less than 105/66 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 107/70 10 years old: less than 108/72 11 years old: less than 110/74 12 years old: less than 113/75 For girls: 1 year old: less than 98/54 2 years old: less than 101/58 3 years old: less than 102/60 4 years old: less than 103/62 5 years old: less than 104/64 6 years old: less than 105/67 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 108/71 10 years old: less than 109/72 11 years old: less than 111/74 12 years old: less than 114/75 For boys and girls 13 and older: less than 120/80.


Question: What Is a biventricular pacemaker?

Answer: Leads are tiny wires implanted through a vein into the right ventricle and into the coronary sinus vein to pace or regulate the left ventricle. Usually (but not always), a lead is also implanted into the right atrium. This helps the heart beat in a more balanced way. Traditional pacemakers are used to treat slow heart rhythms. Pacemakers regulate the right atrium and right ventricle to maintain a good heart rate and keep the atrium and ventricle working together. This is called AV synchrony. Biventricular pacemakers add a third lead to help the left ventricle have a normal contraction when it also doesn't function properly.


Question: Why would a doctor recommend combination implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker therapy?

Answer: People with heart failure who have poor ejection fractions (measurement that shows how well the heart pumps with each beat) are at risk for fast irregular heart rhythms -- some of which can be life-threatening -- called arrhythmias. Currently, doctors use an ICD to prevent these dangerous rhythms. The device works by detecting such a rhythm and shocking the heart back to normal. These devices can combine biventricular pacing with anti-tachycardia pacing (to slow down the heart rate) and internal defibrillators ( ICDs) to deliver shocks as needed. Current studies are showing that resynchronization may even lessen the amount of arrhythmia that occurs, decreasing the times the ICD needs to shock the heart. These devices are improving heart failure patients' quality of life as well as improving their safety.


Question: Will I stay in the hospital after my pacemaker is implanted?

Answer: Hospital stay: After the pacemaker implant, you will be admitted to the hospital overnight. The nurses will monitor your heart rate and rhythm. You will also have a monitor (a small recorder that is attached to your chest by small electrode patches). It will record your heart rhythm while you are in the hospital. This is another way to check proper pacemaker function. The morning after your implant, you will have a chest X-ray to check your lungs and the position of your pacemaker and leads. Your pacemaker will be checked to make sure it's working properly.


Question: When will someone be able to go home after the pacemaker implant?

Answer: Usually, you will be able to go home the day after your pacemaker is implanted. Your doctor will discuss the results of the procedure and answer any questions you may have. A doctor or nurse will go over specific instructions for your care at home. Please ask a responsible adult to drive you home, as the medications you received may cause drowsiness, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate heavy machinery.


Question: When can someone do normal activities after the pacemaker implant?

Answer: Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage or bleeding from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the incision site Warmth along the incision Increased body temperature (fever or chills) After your pacemaker is implanted, you may move your arm normally and do not have to restrict its motion during normal daily activities. Avoid extreme pulling or lifting motions (such as placing your arm over your head without bending at the elbow). Activities such as golf, tennis, and swimming should be avoided for six weeks after the pacemaker is implanted. Microwave ovens, electric blankets, and heating pads may be used. Cellular phones should be used on the side opposite your pacemaker. Ask your doctor or nurse for more specific information regarding types of equipment that may interfere with your pacemaker.


Question: What is cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?

Answer: Cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT), also called biventricular pacing, uses a special kind of pacemaker -- a biventricular pacemaker -- that is designed to help the ventricles contract more normally. It keeps the right and left ventricles pumping together by sending small electrical impulses through the leads. This therapy has been shown to improve the symptoms of heart failure and overall quality of life in certain patients with severe symptoms that aren't controlled with medication.


Question: What happens after the pacemaker check?

Answer: After your pacemaker check, an echocardiogram may be done to help determine if your pacemaker is on the correct settings. The technician nurse will be there during your echo and will change your pacemaker at least three times. The echo will be repeated with each change to evaluate heart function. The pacemaker will keep the settings that demonstrated your best heart function.


Question: How will I know if my pacemaker needs to be changed?

Answer: After getting a pacemaker, you will need to follow-up with the doctor and nurses in a pacemaker clinic and through phone check-ups. This will allow them to monitor your pacemaker's function and anticipate when it will need to be changed. In addition, the pacemaker may be programmed to beep when the battery is low. Your doctor will demonstrate this beep for you. Resynchronization therapy is only one part of a comprehensive heart failure management program. Device and/or surgical therapy, when combined with taking medications, following a low-sodium diet, making lifestyle changes, and following up with a heart failure specialist, will help you decrease symptoms and live a more active life. Your doctor will help determine what treatment options are best for you.


Question: How are the settings determined for your pacemaker?

Answer: After the leads are tested, the doctor will connect them to your pacemaker. Your doctor will determine the rate of your pacemaker and other settings. The final pacemaker settings are done after the implant using a special device called a "programmer."


Question: Why does someone have to stay in the hospital after the pacemaker implant?

Answer: Hospital stay: After the pacemaker implant, you will be admitted to the hospital overnight. The nurses will monitor your heart rate and rhythm. You will also have a monitor (a small recorder that is attached to your chest by small electrode patches). It will record your heart rhythm while you are in the hospital. This is another way to check proper pacemaker function. The morning after your implant, you will have a chest X-ray to check your lungs and the position of your pacemaker and leads. Your pacemaker will be checked to make sure it's working properly. The results of the test will be reported to your doctor.


Question: What will it feel like when the doctor puts in the pacemaker during the endocardial approach?

Answer: You will feel a pinching or burning feeling at first. Then the area will become numb. Once this occurs, an incision will be made to insert the pacemaker and leads. You may feel a pulling as the doctor makes a pocket in the tissue under your skin for the pacemaker. You should not feel pain. If you do, tell your nurse.


Question: What are leads that are implanted in the heart?

Answer: Leads are tiny wires implanted through a vein into the right ventricle and into the coronary sinus vein to pace or regulate the left ventricle. Usually (but not always), a lead is also implanted into the right atrium. This helps the heart beat in a more balanced way.


Question: What are arrhythmias?

Answer: People with heart failure who have poor ejection fractions (measurement that shows how well the heart pumps with each beat) are at risk for fast irregular heart rhythms -- some of which can be life-threatening -- called arrhythmias. Currently, doctors use an ICD to prevent these dangerous rhythms. The device works by detecting such a rhythm and shocking the heart back to normal.


Question: How are pacemakers implanted inside of the heart?

Answer: The tip of the lead attaches to your heart muscle. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your upper chest. This technique is done under local anesthesia (you will not be asleep). Outside the heart (epicardial approach): Your chest will be opened and the lead tip is attached to the outside of the heart. The other end of the lead is attached to the pulse generator, which is placed under the skin in your abdomen.


Question: How effective are psoriasis laser treatments?

Answer: Because laser treatment for psoriasis is still a relatively new therapy, research is still underway to confirm its effectiveness. Some studies find that most people who are treated with lasers see real improvements in their skin that can last anywhere from several months to a year. Results are usually seen within 8 to 10 sessions.


Question: What are side effects of psoriasis laser treatments?

Answer: Avoid laser treatments if you have: Lupus or scleroderma Sun sensitivity Xeroderma pigmentosum (an inherited disease that causes sensitivity to sunlight) Risks for, or a history of, skin cancer A condition that requires you to take medications that make you sensitive to the sun Laser therapy is generally safe, but some people have reported side effects after treatment, including: Temporary redness, itching, burning, and stinging Blistering Purple-colored spots (purpura) on the skin Darkening or lightening of the skin (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation) Scarring More research is needed to determine whether exposure to UVB light from the excimer laser might increase the long-term risk for skin cancer.


Question: Are excimer lasers used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Today, there is another option for treating psoriasis: excimer lasers, which deliver ultraviolet light to localized areas of the skin. This treatment uses intense, focused doses of laser light to help control areas of mild to moderate psoriasis without harming healthy skin around them. Targeted laser therapy is similar in effectiveness to traditional light therapy, but it works in fewer sessions with stronger doses of light that can reach deeper into the affected skin. The handheld laser wands are also good for reaching psoriasis in hard-to-treat areas, such as the elbows, knees, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and scalp.


Question: Where are psoriasis laser treatments done?

Answer: Excimer laser treatments are performed in the dermatologist's office. Each session takes only a few minutes. During the treatment, the doctor aims the laser directly at patches of psoriasis. You might feel some warmth at the site or a snapping sensation against the skin.


Question: What dose of laser light will treat my psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor will determine your dose of laser light based on the thickness of your psoriasis plaques and your skin color (a lower dose is used on lighter skin). During the procedure, you will be given dark goggles to protect your eyes.


Question: What are the side effects of laser treatment for psoriasis?

Answer: Avoid laser treatments if you have: Lupus or scleroderma Sun sensitivity Xeroderma pigmentosum (an inherited disease that causes sensitivity to sunlight) Risks for, or a history of, skin cancer A condition that requires you to take medications that make you sensitive to the sun Laser therapy is generally safe, but some people have reported side effects after treatment, including: Temporary redness, itching, burning, and stinging Blistering Purple-colored spots (purpura) on the skin Darkening or lightening of the skin (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation) Scarring More research is needed to determine whether exposure to UVB light from the excimer laser might increase the long-term risk for skin cancer.


Question: When should I avoid psoriasis laser treatments?

Answer: Avoid laser treatments if you have: Lupus or scleroderma Sun sensitivity Xeroderma pigmentosum (an inherited disease that causes sensitivity to sunlight) Risks for, or a history of, skin cancer A condition that requires you to take medications that make you sensitive to the sun Laser therapy is generally safe, but some people have reported side effects after treatment, including: Temporary redness, itching, burning, and stinging Blistering Purple-colored spots (purpura) on the skin Darkening or lightening of the skin (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation) Scarring More research is needed to determine whether exposure to UVB light from the excimer laser might increase the long-term risk for skin cancer.


Question: What are some common treatment options for psoriasis?

Answer: If you're living with psoriasis, you know how uncomfortable and embarrassing the red, itchy, scaly skin can be. Treatment options for psoriasis include steroid cream or other medicated creams, oral medications, and light therapy. All of these treatments work well, but medications can have side effects and light therapy requires a regimen of three sessions a week for two to three months followed by maintenance therapy.


Question: How does psoriasis laser treatment work?

Answer: Excimer laser treatments are performed in the dermatologist's office. Each session takes only a few minutes. During the treatment, the doctor aims the laser directly at patches of psoriasis. You might feel some warmth at the site or a snapping sensation against the skin. Excimer lasers aim a high intensity ultraviolet B ( UVB) light dose of a very specific wavelength -- 308 nanometers -- directly at the psoriasis plaques. Because the laser light never touches the surrounding skin, it reduces the risk of UV radiation exposure. Excimer lasers are used to treat mild-to-moderate psoriasis. With excimer laser therapy, patients usually have 2 sessions a week for 4 to 10 sessions to get results. Your doctor will determine your dose of laser light based on the thickness of your psoriasis plaques and your skin color (a lower dose is used on lighter skin). During the procedure, you will be given dark goggles to protect your eyes.


Question: How does excimer laser treatments work?

Answer: Excimer lasers aim a high intensity ultraviolet B ( UVB) light dose of a very specific wavelength -- 308 nanometers -- directly at the psoriasis plaques. Because the laser light never touches the surrounding skin, it reduces the risk of UV radiation exposure. Excimer lasers are used to treat mild-to-moderate psoriasis.


Question: Can psoriasis laser treatments increase the risk for skin cancer?

Answer: Avoid laser treatments if you have: Lupus or scleroderma Sun sensitivity Xeroderma pigmentosum (an inherited disease that causes sensitivity to sunlight) Risks for, or a history of, skin cancer A condition that requires you to take medications that make you sensitive to the sun Laser therapy is generally safe, but some people have reported side effects after treatment, including: Temporary redness, itching, burning, and stinging Blistering Purple-colored spots (purpura) on the skin Darkening or lightening of the skin (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation) Scarring More research is needed to determine whether exposure to UVB light from the excimer laser might increase the long-term risk for skin cancer.


Question: What levels of psoriasis can laser sessions treat?

Answer: Psoriasis laser treatments work well on people with mild-to-moderate psoriasis. But because the light is concentrated, it's not effective for people with psoriasis on large areas of the body.


Question: Why do people take turmeric?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Curcumin, a substance in turmeric, may help to reduce inflammation. Several studies suggest that it might ease symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, like pain and inflammation. Other compounds in turmeric might also be medicinal. In lab tests, curcumin seems to block the growth of certain kinds of tumors. One study showed that turmeric extract containing curcumin could -- in some cases -- stabilize colorectal cancer that wasn't helped by other treatments. But more research is needed. Other preliminary lab studies suggest that curcumin or turmeric might protect against types of colitis, stomach ulcers, and high cholesterol. Based on studies, turmeric and curcumin might also help treat upset stomach, diabetes, depression, HIV, uveitis, and viral infections.


Question: How much turmeric should you take?

Answer: Turmeric is an unproven treatment, though it has years of traditional use and some preliminary convincing research. There is no standard dosage. Ask your health care provider for advice.


Question: Can you get turmeric naturally from foods?

Answer: Turmeric, as a spice, is a common ingredient in Indian cooking. The spice (and supplement) comes from the underground stems (rhizomes) of the turmeric plant.


Question: How safe is turmeric?

Answer: Given the lack of evidence about its safety, children and women who are breastfeeding should only use turmeric supplements if a doctor recommends it.


Question: What can cause constipation?

Answer: Other causes of constipation include: Not drinking enough water A diet low in fiber Lack of exercise Travel or another change in routine Eating large amounts of dairy products Stress Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum Other medicines (especially strong pain medicines such as opioids, antidepressants, and iron pills) Medical problems such as irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS), diabetes, and colorectal cancer (rarely) Pregnancy Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fiber.


Question: When should I call my doctor about constipation?

Answer: Call your doctor if: Constipation is a new problem for you You have blood in your stool You are losing weight even though you are not trying to lose weight You have severe pain with bowel movements Your constipation has lasted more than 3 weeks


Question: What is constipation?

Answer: It occurs when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent. The normal length of time between bowel movements (also known as "stools") ranges widely from person to person. Some people have bowel movements three times a day; others only one to two times a week. Going longer than three days without a bowel movement causes the stool to harden and become more difficult to pass.


Question: How much can I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Confused about how much you can eat when you have diabetes? First you need to know how much food is in a serving. It may be different from what you expect. Let's say you eat a cup of rice at dinner. But a serving is actually considered 1/3 cup. So you got three times as many carbs as you thought. To outsmart those mistakes, get to know what a serving size really holds. And for expert help, talk to your dietitian or a certified diabetes educator.


Question: How many nuts, poultry, fish, eggs, dry beans, cheese, and meat are in a serving?

Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)


Question: What is an example of one serving of bread, cereal, rice, starchy vegetables, and pasta?

Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)


Question: What is an example of one serving of fruit?

Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)


Question: How much bread, cereal, rice, starchy vegetables, and pasta are in a serving?

Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)


Question: What is an example of one serving of milk and yogurt?

Answer: 1/2 banana 1 small apple, orange, or pear 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, or canned fruit 1 cup raw leafy vegetables 1/2 cup other vegetables cooked, raw (chopped), or canned 1/2 cup vegetable juice 1 slice of bread 1/2 English muffin, bun, small bagel, or pita bread 1 6-inch tortilla 4-6 crackers 2 rice cakes 1 ounce ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup cooked cereal, pasta, or bulgur 1/3 cup cooked rice 1 small potato or 1/2 large potato 1/2 cup sweet potatoes or yams 1/2 cup corn kernels or other starchy vegetables such as winter squash, peas, or lima beans 2-3 ounces cooked lean beef, veal, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, or fish 2-3 ounces low-fat natural cheese (such as Swiss, cheddar, Muenster, parmesan, mozzarella, and others) 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1/4 cup tofu 1 egg (or an equal serving of egg substitute) 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 ounces processed cheese ( American) 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese 1/2 cup canned tuna (packed in water) 1 cup low-fat milk 1 cup low-fat yogurt (unsweetened, or sweetened with aspartame or other artificial sweeteners)


Question: How can diet affect your risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: Research also suggests high dietary fat may be linked to prostate cancer. Men in countries with a high-fat diet tend to eat fewer fruits and vegetables.


Question: How can race affect your risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer happens about 60% more often in African- American men than in white American men. And when it is diagnosed, the cancer is more likely to be advanced. But Japanese and African men living in their native countries have low rates of prostate cancer. Numbers for these groups rise sharply when the men immigrate to the U. S. African- Americans should begin prostate cancer tests at age 50.


Question: How can family history affect your risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: Men whose relatives have had prostate cancer are considered to be at higher risk. Having a father or brother with the disease more than doubles your odds of having prostate cancer. Having a brother with prostate cancer appears to make it more likely than having an affected father does. Your chances go even higher when multiple family members are affected. Men with prostate cancer in their family should start getting screened at 40. Studies have identified several inherited genes that appear to raise the risk of prostate cancer. Experts estimate that the hereditary form of prostate cancer accounts for just 5% to 10% of all cases.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You'll work closely with your doctor to manage your rheumatoid arthritis. These questions are a good starting point for your next checkup. Which RA medicines do you recommend for me, and why? How will we know if my treatment is working? What are the possible side effects? Would physical therapy or occupational therapy help me? Does exercise help? What kinds of activities are safe for me to do? How are my joints doing? What lifestyle changes do you recommend for me? What other specialists should I see? Are there complementary treatments I could try? Will I need surgery?


Question: What does poison sumac look like?

Answer: Poison oak is more common in the western U. S. Poison sumac grows as a woody shrub, with each stem containing 7 to 13 leaves arranged in pairs. Poison sumac can be distinguished from harmless sumac by its drooping clusters of green berries. Harmless sumac has red, upright berry clusters. Poison sumac is more common in wet, swampy areas.


Question: How long does a poison plant rash last?

Answer: Most rashes caused by poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac are mild and last from five to 12 days. In severe cases, the rash can last for 30 days or longer.


Question: How does the rash from poison ivy, oak, and sumac happen?

Answer: When initially exposed to urushiol, the skin alerts the immune system of the presence of the irritating chemical. However, it's common for no visible reaction will occur the first time a person comes in contact with a poison plant. The immune system then prepares a defensive reaction for the next time the skin encounters the substance. This sensitizes the skin so that new contact with urushiol causes an allergic reaction.


Question: What causes aplastic anemia?

Answer: Acquired causes include: Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Chemicals such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene Infections including hepatitis, Epstein- Barr virus, and HIV Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer Inherited conditions such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, and Diamond- Blackfan anemia, can damage cells and also cause aplastic anemia.


Question: What are the symptoms of Fanconi anemia?

Answer: Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML.


Question: What is Fanconi anemia?

Answer: Fanconi anemia makes your blood marrow produce too few blood cells. It's hereditary, meaning it's passed down from one of your parents through a gene mutation.


Question: What are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?

Answer: Symptoms of aplastic anemia can include everything from shortness of breath and dizziness to headaches, pale skin, chest pain, fast heart rate (tachycardia), and cold hands and feet.


Question: What causes myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?

Answer: Some people are born with a gene that causes MDS. These genes are usually passed down from one or both parents. If you have certain inherited syndromes, including Fanconi anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome, Diamond Blackfan anemia, familial platelet disorder, and severe congenital neutropenia, you could be more likely to develop MDS. A small number of people also get MDS after radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Another risk is exposure to chemicals like benzene, which is found in tobacco smoke.


Question: What is megaloblastic anemia?

Answer: With this type of anemia, your bone marrow produces abnormally structured red blood cells that are too large and too young. Because they're not mature or healthy, they can't carry oxygen throughout your body very well.


Question: What are the complications of Fanconi anemia?

Answer: Symptoms of Fanconi anemia include: Abnormal thumbs Heart, kidney, and bone problems Skin color changes Small body, head, and eyes If you have Fanconi anemia, you're more likely to get a type of cancer called acute myeloid leukemia, or AML. Your odds of getting cancers of the head, neck, skin, GI tract, or genitals also go up.


Question: How is congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) treated?

Answer: Some people never need treatment. But depending on the severity of the disease, your doctor might recommend a blood transfusion, a stem cell transplant, or with medicines to lower iron levels or interferon alfa-2 A, a drug typically used for treating leukemia and melanoma.


Question: How is Diamond-Blackfan anemia treated?

Answer: Symptoms of Diamond- Blackfan anemia include: Fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Fatigue Heart murmur Pale skin Short height Weak bones Treatments include everything from steroids that can help produce more red blood cells to red blood cell transfusions and bone marrow transplants.


Question: What are the symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

Answer: Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, fast heartbeat (tachycardia), trouble breathing, chills, backache, and yellow skin (jaundice).


Question: How is autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated?

Answer: Treating the disease that caused the anemia can also stop your red blood cell damage. If you have an autoimmune disease, your doctor might treat you with steroid drugs to calm your immune system, which can help the anemia.


Question: How does aplastic anemia affect you?

Answer: Blood cells are made from stem cells in your bone marrow. When you have aplastic anemia, stem cells in your bone marrow are damaged and can't make enough new blood cells. You're either born with aplastic anemia, meaning you inherited a gene from your parents that caused it, or you develop it (acquired). Acquired aplastic anemia is the more common of the two, and sometimes it's only temporary.


Question: How is megaloblastic anemia treated?

Answer: But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing. You'll also need treatment for any disease -- such as Crohn's -- that caused your body to lack these vitamins.


Question: What are the symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia?

Answer: Symptoms of Diamond- Blackfan anemia include: Fast heartbeat (tachycardia) Fatigue Heart murmur Pale skin Short height Weak bones Treatments include everything from steroids that can help produce more red blood cells to red blood cell transfusions and bone marrow transplants.


Question: What are the symptoms of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?

Answer: Some people don't have symptoms with MDS, but others do, including: Bruising or bleeding Infection Fever Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Weight loss Oncologists (cancer doctors) and hematologists (blood doctors) treat MDS with chemotherapy, hematopoietic growth factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplants.


Question: What causes megaloblastic anemia?

Answer: But once symptoms do appear, they're similar to other types of anemia, and include: Dizziness and fatigue Diarrhea, nausea Fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) Muscle pain or weakness Pale skin Trouble breathing Doctors treat megaloblastic anemia with vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplements to replace what your body is missing. You'll also need treatment for any disease -- such as Crohn's -- that caused your body to lack these vitamins.


Question: What are the symptoms of sideroblastic anemia?

Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause.


Question: How are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated?

Answer: Some people don't have symptoms with MDS, but others do, including: Bruising or bleeding Infection Fever Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Weight loss Oncologists (cancer doctors) and hematologists (blood doctors) treat MDS with chemotherapy, hematopoietic growth factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplants.


Question: How is sideroblastic anemia treated?

Answer: Symptoms for both types include: Chest pain Fast heartbeat, or tachycardia Headaches Trouble breathing Weakness and fatigue Treatment for sideroblastic anemia depends on the cause. If you have acquired anemia, you'll need to avoid the chemical or drug that caused it. Other treatments include vitamin B6 therapy and bone marrow or stem cell transplants.


Question: What are some other drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Also, you may not be able to take these drugs if you: Take nitrate drugs (for chest pain) Had a heart attack or stroke in the past six months Have kidney or liver disease Have retinitis pigmentosa (an eye disease) If erectile dysfunction pills are out of the question, or if pills haven't worked for you, don't worry. There are other options. Alprostadil is another drug for erectile dysfunction. However, it's not a pill. One brand, called MUSE, is an alprostadil pellet that you insert into the tip of your penis with an applicator. It widens blood vessels and relaxes smooth muscle tissue in the penis, allowing blood to fill the spongy tissue that makes the penis erect.


Question: How is a vacuum device used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: This is typically a clear plastic cylinder with a bulb or plunger and a constriction band. You put your penis in the cylinder and start pumping. The suction creates a vacuum, so blood rushes in to fill the spaces in the spongy tissue of the penis, creating an erection. The erection lasts only as long as the blood stays in, so you slide the band down around the base of your penis, trapping the blood. It's safe to keep the band on for up to 30 minutes. These devices are available without a prescription, but it's important to buy one from a reputable manufacturer. The device must include a safety control so you can't harm your penis with too much suction.


Question: What should I know about erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments?

Answer: Even if your high blood pressure (or hypertension) has caused erectile dysfunction ( ED), you have every reason to be optimistic about the future and a healthy sex life. ED is a common problem associated with high blood pressure, but there are many proven treatments you can try.


Question: Who shouldn't take pills for erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Men whose blood pressure isn't under control and those who take alpha-blockers (for high blood pressure or prostate problems) shouldn't take Cialis, Levitra, Staxyn, or Viagra. Also, you may not be able to take these drugs if you: Take nitrate drugs (for chest pain) Had a heart attack or stroke in the past six months Have kidney or liver disease Have retinitis pigmentosa (an eye disease) If erectile dysfunction pills are out of the question, or if pills haven't worked for you, don't worry.


Question: What herbs and supplements are believed to help with erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Currently, no herb or supplements have been proven to help with erectile dysfunction. Herbs and supplements that some believe are helpful for erection problems include: Ginseng Horny goat weed Ginkgo biloba Muira puama Pycnogenol L-arginine Damiana Before trying any alternative treatment, be sure to ask your doctor about it. Herbs and supplements, whether they help with erections or not, have real effects on the body. They could cause dangerous reactions with other medicines you might be taking.


Question: What are some things to consider regarding surgery for erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: You bend it up for sex or down for daily living. The other kind is an inflatable implant. The device stores fluid in a reservoir under the skin of your abdomen or scrotum. You press on the reservoir to pump fluid into cylinders in the penis. That creates an erection. A valve drains the fluid out of the penis when you're done. There are drawbacks to implants. An erection you get with an implant may be slightly shorter than a natural erection. The device itself may malfunction, in which case it would require another surgery to remove or replace it. Getting a penis implant is a big decision. Once you have it, you may not be able to try other treatments. That's because the implant replaces the chambers in the penis that fill with blood for a natural erection.


Question: How will your doctor figure out what is the right treatment for my hyperthyroidism?

Answer: There are several different ways to treat an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Before choosing the one that's best for you, your doctor will consider what's causing it, your age, your overall heath, and how severe your symptoms are.


Question: What are possible side effects of beta-blockers?

Answer: Side effects may include: Headache Dizziness Digestive problems Surgery isn't typically recommended for an overactive thyroid.


Question: Will I need surgery to treat my hyperthyroidism?

Answer: Side effects may include: Headache Dizziness Digestive problems Surgery isn't typically recommended for an overactive thyroid. But if you can't take antithyroid medicines or get radioactive iodine therapy, your doctor may recommend a surgery called thyroidectomy. It means your thyroid will be completely removed.


Question: What are the side effects of antithyroid drug medications for hyperthyroidism?

Answer: Up to 3% of people who take antithyroid medications develop allergic reactions like rashes and hives. In rare cases, these medicines can cause a condition called agranulocytosis, which decreases the number of your white blood cells. When this happens, you're more likely to develop an infection. There's also the risk of liver damage. See your doctor right away if you develop symptoms like a fever or sore throat while taking these drugs.


Question: Do I need to cover up in the sun if I have had melanoma in the past?

Answer: Cover your skin with pants, long sleeves, and a wide-brimmed hat.


Question: Are condoms necessary while undergoing chemotherapy?

Answer: Chemo drugs can stay in semen or vaginal fluids for up to 3 days after you get them. Use a condom during that time (for oral sex, too) so you don't pass the chemicals to your partner.


Question: What drugs should I be weary of if I have had melanoma in the past?

Answer: Be extra careful if you're taking "photosensitive" drugs, which make you more sensitive to the sun. This includes some chemotherapy drugs.


Question: Can I still exercise if I have melanoma?

Answer: Exercise is one of the best things anyone can do for their health, and people with melanoma are no exception.


Question: How can I keep a normal life while having melanoma?

Answer: Cancer is a big deal, but it doesn't have to take over every second of every day of your life. Find places and times to put your disease on the back burner and keep things normal with schedules, family time, and hobbies. Celebrate all the successes in your cancer journey, big or small. You can schedule a special dinner when you finish chemo or a bigger gathering when you go one year cancer-free.


Question: Does melanoma affect my stamina?

Answer: Keep in mind that melanoma treatment may have affected your stamina. Even if you were super active before the diagnosis, start out slowly when you're getting back to your workouts after treatment.


Question: How can I keep exercising if melanoma is causing fatigue?

Answer: If your treatment makes you tired, plan exercise at times of the day when you have the most energy.


Question: How should I chew my food to help treat the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Answer: Chew food well and take your time to help digest your meals. It's better to let your teeth and saliva break down your food slowly than to wash it down with water or other drinks.


Question: Can peppermint oil help IBS-D symptoms?

Answer: Some researchers say this can ease muscle spasms that lead to pain as you digest your food. It could give you short-term relief from IBS- D pain, but it can also make heartburn worse.


Question: How can I change my diet to help ease the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Answer: Some simple tweaks may help calm your symptoms. Sugary foods, sodas, caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods may be bad for your digestion. Instead, eat whole, natural foods. Fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats found in salmon or nuts are better choices.


Question: Does it help to keep a food journal if you have IBS?

Answer: If you think some eats or drinks may trigger your symptoms, keep a food diary for a few weeks. Write down what you eat and when you have stomach problems. You may discover which meals or treats make you feel worse.


Question: What are some changes I can make to my diet to help calm symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Some simple tweaks may help calm your symptoms. Sugary foods, sodas, caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods may be bad for your digestion. Instead, eat whole, natural foods. Fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats found in salmon or nuts are better choices. Be careful about getting too much fiber, including through fiber powders or drinks. There's no proof these ease IBS- D symptoms. Chew food well and take your time to help digest your meals. It's better to let your teeth and saliva break down your food slowly than to wash it down with water or other drinks. If you think some eats or drinks may trigger your symptoms, keep a food diary for a few weeks. Write down what you eat and when you have stomach problems. You may discover which meals or treats make you feel worse.


Question: What are probiotics?

Answer: Millions of tiny bacteria live in your gut. The right mix of âgoodâ bacteria in your intestines could help fight the bad bacteria. Foods or supplements with probiotics are one way to try and change the makeup in your gut.


Question: How does acupuncture help IBS-D symptoms?

Answer: This is a Chinese treatment that's been around for centuries. An acupuncturist or therapist will insert very thin needles into the surface of your skin at particular points. It's supposed to stimulate and regulate your flow of energy -- you may hear it called âqiâ -- to ease pain and anxiety. Acupuncture may ease your stress and help you relax. If you're tense, your IBS- D symptoms may flare up. Acupuncture may also calm stomach pain and muscle spasms in your gut.


Question: Do probiotics help treat IBS-D?

Answer: Millions of tiny bacteria live in your gut. The right mix of âgoodâ bacteria in your intestines could help fight the bad bacteria. Foods or supplements with probiotics are one way to try and change the makeup in your gut. Some experts think those products can help you ease the gas, pain, bloating, and diarrhea that come with IBS- D. It's still unclear if eating foods with probiotics or taking the supplements can really boost good bacteria, though.


Question: Can ginger help IBS-D symptoms?

Answer: This pungent plant can ease your nausea and make your stomach feel better. It may help calm inflammation in your gut, or even make your stomach lining stronger.


Question: How should much fiber should I eat to treat the symptoms irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Answer: There's no proof these ease IBS- D symptoms.


Question: What is STW-5 and how does it help treat the symptoms of IBS-D?

Answer: This is a blend of nine different herbs: angelica, bitter candy-fruit, caraway, celandine, chamomile, licorice, melissa, milk thistle, and peppermint. It may help reduce gas and stomach acid. It can also improve digestion.


Question: What are BRAF inhibitors as a type of targeted therapy for melanoma?

Answer: Targeted therapies" shrink melanoma cells without harming healthy cells. Some target a gene change called " BRAF" that makes melanomas grow. Your doctor may call these drugs " BRAF inhibitors."


Question: What are side effects of chemotherapy for treating metastatic melanoma?

Answer: Chemo kills all kinds of fast-dividing cells, not just cancer cells. So it can cause side effects such as: Hair loss Appetite loss Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Greater chance of infection Tiredness Mouth sores Bruising or bleeding These problems should stop once you're done with chemo.


Question: What are side effects of targeted therapies for treating metastatic melanoma?

Answer: Side effects include: Thickened skin Headache Fever Fatigue Rash Some people who are treated with these medicines later get another, but less- serious, type of skin cancer. Your doctor will check your skin for signs of cancer during and after your treatment.


Question: How does radiation help in treating metastatic melanoma?

Answer: This uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells left behind after surgery. It also can ease pain from melanoma that has spread to the brain or bones. One type, called radiosurgery, treats melanoma that has spread to the brain. It aims the radiation right at the tumor to avoid damaging healthy brain cells around it.


Question: How long does chemotherapy drug treatment for rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases last?

Answer: Although there are some differences among the drugs and how they are used to treat certain rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases, these drugs usually produce benefits gradually, requiring weeks to months for full effectiveness. Generally, if there is no benefit within four months, it is unlikely that continuing the chemotherapy drug at the same dose will be helpful. Methotrexate and Imuran can be used for prolonged periods (many years) if necessary, as long as they do not cause serious side effects. Cytoxan is generally used for more limited periods because of its greater side effects. However, in certain cases more prolonged use may be necessary.


Question: How is chemotherapy used to treat arthritis different from chemotherapy used to treat cancer?

Answer: In cancer treatment, chemotherapy refers to particular class of drugs used to kill or slow the reproduction of rapidly multiplying cells. In rheumatology, chemotherapy is designed to decrease the abnormal behavior of cells, rather than kill cells. The doses of medication used for rheumatic or autoimmune conditions are generally lower than the doses used for cancer treatment.


Question: How can I cut the chance of having side effects from chemotherapy drugs used to treat my arthritis?

Answer: The occurrence of side effects depends on the dose, type of drug, and length of treatment. It is very important to have the appropriate follow-up exams and lab testing while taking chemotherapy drugs.


Question: How does chemotherapy treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases?

Answer: In many rheumatic diseases, inflammation causes damage to parts of the body; for example - causing painful joints as in rheumatoid arthritis. In many cases, inflammation results from autoimmunity, a malfunction of the immune system where one's own tissues or organs are not recognized as such and are attacked by the body's immune system. Chemotherapy helps people with certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases because it slows cell reproduction and decreases certain products made by these cells that cause an inflammatory response to occur.


Question: Where can I get my fiber if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You don't have to get all that fiber at once. A few pieces of fruit, such as a banana together with an apple in its skin, provide 7 grams of fiber. One ounce of almonds gets you halfway there. Try whole grains instead of refined ones to add a few grams of fiber to your morning cereal or lunchtime sandwich.


Question: How much fiber should I get if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Fiber can help you feel full and control your blood sugar. But most people don't get enough. On average, Americans get about 16 grams of fiber per day, less than half the recommendation for men (30-36 grams) and about two-thirds of what women should get (25 grams). A recent study found that people who ate an extra 7 grams of fiber a day lowered their risk for heart disease. That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely.


Question: How much should I exercise if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You know how important exercise is for weight loss and overall health, but sometimes getting to the gym for even a half-hour just isn't in the cards. The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals.


Question: How much should I exercise in a week if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Aim to add 10 minutes of moderate exercise to your daily routine, and then continue tacking it on until you hit at least 150 minutes per week.


Question: How can I burn more calories if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: To burn more calories, take a brisk walk, or do strength training moves while you watch TV. Start slow and aim for regular sessions of at least three times a week. Over time, gradually make your workouts longer and more challenging. Find an activity you enjoy.


Question: What should I do if I have already lost weight if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: After you've lost that first 5% of your weight, press on. One study found that people with type 2 diabetes improved their blood sugar control when they lost as little as 2% of their body weight. But to see even more improvements, like a lower risk of heart disease and improved blood sugar over the long term, aim to drop 10 to 15% of your body weight.


Question: What is the most effective way to manage type 2 diabetes?

Answer: So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off. Later, you can build from that success. Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes.


Question: What can losing weight do for my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Research shows that losing 5% of your extra weight will make you less likely to get heart disease by improving blood pressure, blood sugar, and HDL cholesterol (the good kind).


Question: How much vegetables should I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: And yet, most adults don't get the recommended three to five servings a day. You can start small. Just add one vegetable in place of another food once a day.


Question: How can I eat healthier if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Skip the bag of potato chips, and try fresh celery sticks. Cook a little less pasta, and bulk up the dish with vegetables such as artichoke hearts, zucchini, or mushrooms. Use lettuce as sandwich wraps for lunch, or toss leftover veggies in with eggs for a quick breakfast. Changes like these can shave off calories, give you more fiber, and help you feel full. That can mean weight loss and better blood sugar control.


Question: Are all teas the same?

Answer: But the leaves are processed in different ways and each tea is a little different.


Question: When do I know that my alcohol use is a problem?

Answer: But if you turn to alcohol to get you through the day, or if it causes trouble in your relationships, at work, in your social life, or with how you think and feel, you have a more serious problem. Alcohol abuse and depression are both serious problems that you shouldn't ignore. If you think you have a problem with either, talk to your doctor or psychologist.


Question: Howare drinking and depression linked?

Answer: The question is, does regular drinking lead to depression, or are depressed people more likely to drink too much? Both are possible. Nearly one-third of people with major depression also have an alcohol problem. Often, the depression comes first. Research shows that depressed kids are more likely to have problems with alcohol a few years down the road. Also, teens who've had a bout of major depression are twice as likely to start drinking as those who haven't.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause numbness?

Answer: Numbness Tingling, shooting pain, or loss of feeling may strike in the arms, face, hands, or legs.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause heart problems?

Answer: Heart Problems Rarely, PTLDS can cause organ damage. The heart may beat irregularly or too slowly.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause Bell's palsy?

Answer: Bell's Palsy When chronic Lyme disease affects the nerves in the face, you may get what's called Bell's palsy. The face muscles and eyelid droop on one side. Your face may feel numb. Hearing or vision can also be affected.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause arthritis and joint pain?

Answer: Arthritis and Joint Pain At least half of people with Lyme disease get a form of arthritis. Often the pain and joint stiffness can be felt all over, but sometimes it's just in certain joints, like the knees. It usually goes away, but in some people, the arthritis may continue.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause fatigue?

Answer: Fatigue The hallmark problem of PTLDS is feeling tired. This often goes along with widespread muscle aches and severe headaches. The fatigue can linger for years. The symptoms are similar to those of chronic fatigue syndrome or the pain condition called fibromyalgia.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause depression and stress?

Answer: Depression and Stress Lyme disease itself doesn't make people depressed. But coping with symptoms that persist long after treatment ends can be hard. That can cause stress, anxiety, and depression. Talking to a counselor may give needed extra support through this stressful time.


Question: What do you need to know about chronic Lyme disease?

Answer: With treatment and time, the symptoms of Lyme disease, which is caused by a tick bite, usually get better. If you are diagnosed with Lyme disease, you're usually given antibiotics for 2-4 weeks. When symptoms linger well beyond the typical treatment time, you may have what's called "post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome" ( PTLDS). It's also called "chronic Lyme disease." About 1 in 10 people who get Lyme disease have lingering symptoms. A wide range of effects from PTLDS can go on for months.


Question: How can chronic Lyme disease cause head problems?

Answer: Head Problems Many people with PTLDS have bad headaches and complain of trouble with short-term memory and other thinking skills.


Question: What is vertical banded gastroplasty?

Answer: Vertical banded gastroplasty ( VBG) also involves a plastic band placed around the stomach. In addition, the surgeon staples the stomach above the band into a small pouch.


Question: What are the different types of restrictive surgery for weight loss?

Answer: In a restrictive surgery, a surgeon uses one of a variety of techniques to reduce the size of the stomach. After restrictive surgery, you'll feel full faster, eat less, and lose weight. The full names for the three types of restrictive surgery for weight loss are: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding Vertical banded gastroplasty Sleeve gastrectomy The surgeon uses laparoscopy (which involves small cuts in the belly) to place an adjustable silicone band around the upper part of the stomach.


Question: What is sleeve gastrectomy?

Answer: In a sleeve gastrectomy, more than half of your stomach is removed, leaving behind a thin vertical sleeve about the size of a banana. Because part of your stomach is removed, this surgery is not reversible.


Question: What is gastric banding surgery?

Answer: The full names for the three types of restrictive surgery for weight loss are: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding Vertical banded gastroplasty Sleeve gastrectomy The surgeon uses laparoscopy (which involves small cuts in the belly) to place an adjustable silicone band around the upper part of the stomach. Squeezed by the silicone band, the stomach becomes a pouch with about an inch-wide outlet.


Question: How is low back strain diagnosed?

Answer: To diagnose low back strain, your doctor will give you a thorough exam. You may also need X-rays, MRIs ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and CT scans. These extra tests may only be needed if your pain doesn't go away on its own or with conservative treatment.


Question: What does low back strain feel like?

Answer: Pain in the buttocks and the legs, often in the back of the thigh.


Question: Does being treated with radiation for cervical cancer increase the odds of getting other cancers?

Answer: After cervical cancer, you may be more likely to get: Lung cancer Mouth, throat, or larynx cancers Stomach, pancreas, bladder, or ureter cancers Vulvar, vaginal, colorectal or anal cancers If you were treated with radiation, your odds of getting stomach, vagina, vulva, rectum, and urinary bladder cancers are higher. And you may have an increased risk of certain other cancers like acute myeloid leukemia and bone cancer.


Question: If I have cervical cancer, will my daughter have it too?

Answer: Doctors do think, however, that cervical cancer may run in some families. So if you have it, your daughter is 2 to 3 times more likely to have it than someone whose mother did not. This could be because women in the same family are more likely to have a condition that makes it harder for them to fight HPV.


Question: How often should I be seeing my doctor once I've finished treatment for cervical cancer?

Answer: After treatment, you need to have regular follow-up appointments. There's no single recommended schedule, but you should have physical exams every 3 to 4 months for 2 years. Then every 6 months for the next few years, and then once a year after that. How often you have follow-up appointments will depend on your specific situation and how long it's been since you've finished your treatment. You should still get a Pap test every year.


Question: What happens if cervical cancer doesn't go away after your first treatment?

Answer: If your cancer doesn't go away after your first treatment, you may have to get regular treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation to keep the cancer under control. Your doctor will discuss your options with you.


Question: Does cervical cancer always come back in the same place?

Answer: It's impossible for your doctor to know how likely it is that your cancer will come back.


Question: Will I be able to get pregnant if I have early-stage cervical cancer?

Answer: If you have early-stage cancer, you may be able to have less aggressive treatments so you'll still be able to have children. You'll probably have to wait 6 to 12 months before you can try to get pregnant so you can heal. But you could still have problems having a baby because the treatments can affect your fertility. If you do get pregnant, your doctor will need to monitor you closely because you may be more likely to have a miscarriage or early delivery.


Question: Will I still be able to have kids if I have cervical cancer?

Answer: Because you have a history of cervical cancer, you will likely need to continue having screenings for years after your treatment.


Question: What cancers am I most likely to get after cervical cancer?

Answer: After cervical cancer, you may be more likely to get: Lung cancer Mouth, throat, or larynx cancers Stomach, pancreas, bladder, or ureter cancers Vulvar, vaginal, colorectal or anal cancers If you were treated with radiation, your odds of getting stomach, vagina, vulva, rectum, and urinary bladder cancers are higher.


Question: How can I reduce the risk of getting other cancers after cervical cancer?

Answer: Continuing to see your doctor for regular checkups, even if you're finished with treatment, can help you stay aware of symptoms. Eating a healthy diet, exercising, limiting alcohol, and avoiding tobacco products can help reduce your risks.


Question: Can I get pregnant if I've had radical hysterectomy or radiation treatment for cervical cancer?

Answer: If you have a radical hysterectomy or radiation treatment, you won't be able to become pregnant. But technologies like egg preservation or embryo preservation prior to getting treatment mean you can likely still have a biological child with the help of a surrogate. Talk to your doctor about all your options and concerns.


Question: Am I more likely to get other cancers if I have had cervical cancer?

Answer: Even if you've been treated for cervical cancer, that doesn't necessarily mean you can't get other types of cancers. In some cases, your chances of developing a second cancer could go up.


Question: Can diabetes that develops after an organ transplant go away eventually?

Answer: After an organ transplant, you need to take drugs for the rest of your life so your body doesn't reject the donor organ. These drugs help organ transplants succeed, but many of them, such as the medication tacrolimus ( Astagraf, Prograf) or steroids, can cause diabetes or worsen it.


Question: What organ transplant recipients are at risk for developing diabetes?

Answer: Apart from those medicines, you are also more likely to get diabetes if: You're obese. Diabetes runs in your family. You're African- American or Latino. You're older than 40. You have hepatitis C. Talk to your doctor if you think that you're at high risk of getting diabetes. He may be able to prescribe medicines that are less likely to cause it.


Question: What organ transplant medications cause diabetes?

Answer: After an organ transplant, you need to take drugs for the rest of your life so your body doesn't reject the donor organ. These drugs help organ transplants succeed, but many of them, such as the medication tacrolimus ( Astagraf, Prograf) or steroids, can cause diabetes or worsen it.


Question: What are indications that I should call a doctor about a cold?

Answer: You notice an inability to swallow You have a sore throat for more than 2 or 3 days, particularly if it seems to be worsening You have an earache You have a stiff neck or sensitivity to bright lights You're pregnant or nursing Your newborn or infant has cold symptoms Your throat hurts and your temperature is 101 degrees F or higher Your cold symptoms worsen after the third day; you may have a bacterial infection


Question: How long do colds usually last and do they require medical care?

Answer: Cold symptoms typically last for about 3 days. At that point the worst is over, but you may feel congested for a week or more. Except in newborns, colds themselves are not dangerous. They usually go away in 4 to 10 days without any special medicine. Unfortunately, colds do wear down your body's resistance, making you more susceptible to bacterial infections.


Question: Is there anything I can do if insulin doesn't help my blood sugar go down?

Answer: Healthy habits and diabetes medicine can also help.


Question: Can stress cause high blood sugar levels?

Answer: Stress blocks your body from releasing insulin, and that lets glucose pile up in your blood. If you're stressed for a long time, your sugar levels will keep building. Regular exercise and relaxation techniques -- like yoga, meditation, tai chi, and breathing exercises -- can help.


Question: How does eating right help with blood sugar?

Answer: A healthy diet keeps your blood sugar within a safe range. It's the most important way to help you shed pounds if you're overweight. Work with a registered dietitian or a certified diabetes educator to learn about the best food to eat and how to build a meal plan that works for your lifestyle.


Question: How does relaxation help with releasing insulin?

Answer: Stress blocks your body from releasing insulin, and that lets glucose pile up in your blood. If you're stressed for a long time, your sugar levels will keep building. Regular exercise and relaxation techniques -- like yoga, meditation, tai chi, and breathing exercises -- can help.


Question: Will eating right lower my blood sugar if insulin doesn't work?

Answer: A healthy diet keeps your blood sugar within a safe range. It's the most important way to help you shed pounds if you're overweight. Work with a registered dietitian or a certified diabetes educator to learn about the best food to eat and how to build a meal plan that works for your lifestyle.


Question: What can trigger a relapse when I'm trying to quit smoking?

Answer: They can happen when you: · Drink your morning tea or coffee Have a beer, cocktail, or glass of wine Drive Get up during intermission at a show Check your texts or email Feel bored, sad, angry, or stressed Talk on the phone Need a break from work Even positive feelings of happiness or pleasure can be triggers.


Question: How can I fight smoking triggers that I can't avoid?

Answer: Bring along something else to put in your mouth instead of a cigarette, such as a mint-flavored toothpick or some carrot sticks. On a walk, take deep breaths and focus on how good the fresh air feels in your lungs. To ride out a craving, you could also sip ice-cold water, take deep breaths, keep your hands busy by squeezing a rubber ball or doing a crossword puzzle, or meditating.


Question: How can you learn your smoking triggers?

Answer: Learn to Spot Your Smoking Triggers Once you know yours, you can prepare to avoid or manage them. Before you quit, keep a journal for a few days or a week. Use your smartphone or a small notebook that you can easily carry with you. Every time you light a cigarette, record: The time of day How intense your craving feels, on a scale of 1 to 5 (with 5 being the most intense) What you're doing at that moment Where you are Who you're with How you feel (happy, stressed, bored, etc.)


Question: What are the symptoms of a toe infection?

Answer: You might have an infected toe if you notice: Redness Soreness or pain A pus-filled blister, or pus that drains from your toe Cracked, thickened, yellow toenails (from a fungal infection) Diabetes can prevent you from feeling that you might have an infection, so check your feet every day. Look for redness, swelling, pus, and other signs of infection.


Question: How can you treat toe infections at home?

Answer: You can also try these remedies at home: Soak the toe for about 15 minutes in a bathtub or bucket filled with warm water and salt. Do this three to four times a day. Rub a medicated ointment on the toe and wrap it in a clean bandage. To treat an ingrown toenail, gently lift the corner of the nail. Place a small piece of cotton or waxed dental floss underneath to hold the nail away from your skin. You'll also want to protect your toe while it heals. To help it heal properly, wear loose, comfortable shoes that don't rub. Keep your foot dry, and change your socks every day.


Question: When should you see a doctor about toe infections?

Answer: Make an appointment with your primary care doctor or a podiatrist (foot specialist) if the redness, swelling, and other symptoms don't go away with home treatment. See your doctor right away if: You have a fever or chills You notice red streaks on the skin leading away from the infected area Your joints or muscles hurt Your doctor will examine your toe.


Question: How is a toe infection treated?

Answer: If bacteria caused the infection, an antibiotic cream or pill can clear up the problem. Fungal infections are treated with antifungal pills or cream. You can buy antifungal medicines over the counter or with a prescription from your doctor. To treat an ingrown toenail, your doctor might lift the nail and place a piece of cotton or a splint underneath it. This will help the nail grow away from your skin. If lifting doesn't work, the doctor can remove part or all of the affected nail. Sometimes the infection can cause a pus-filled blister to form. Your doctor might have to drain the blister.


Question: What causes toe infections?

Answer: If your toe is infected, one of these things might be to blame: You cut the nail too short, or you cut the cuticle around the nail. You have an ingrown toenail (the side of your nail grows into the skin). You've picked up a fungus, which you can get if you walk barefoot in common areas like a gym shower or locker room. You have a callus -- thickened skin caused by rubbing (for example, when your toe rubs against your shoe). You put your feet in water a lot (for example, if you swim a lot).


Question: When are you more likely to get toe infections?

Answer: Damage to your blood vessels from high blood sugar can make it harder for your body to fight off infections. And diabetic nerve damage can prevent you from feeling minor trauma that could lead to a toe infection. If you have a weakened immune system, you're also more likely to get toe infections. This includes people with HIV, or those who've had an organ transplant.


Question: Should I take my genital herpes during pregnancy?

Answer: Women taking antiviral drugs for herpes -- either daily suppressive therapy or occasional therapy for outbreaks -- should consult their doctor about whether to take the drugs during pregnancy. The answer is not set in stone: You and your doctor have to discuss the risks and benefits to decide what's right for you.


Question: What is an electric implant?

Answer: Electric Implant : The Maestro Rechargeable System works like a pacemaker to deliver electrical pulses to a nerve between the stomach and the brain , called the vagus nerve. This nerve tells the brain when the stomach is full. The device is implanted in the abdomen and has a remote control that can adjust it from outside the body.


Question: What is an adjustable gastric?

Answer: Adjustable Gastric Band: The surgeon puts a small band around the top of your stomach. The band has a small balloon inside it that controls how tight or loose the band is. The band limits how much food can go into your stomach. This surgery is done using a laparoscope.


Question: What is a gastric sleeve?

Answer: Gastric Sleeve: This surgery removes most of the stomach and leaves only a narrow section of the upper part of the stomach, called a gastric sleeve. The surgery may also curb the hunger hormone ghrelin, so you eat less.


Question: Do you still have to eat healthy if you have weight loss surgery?

Answer: With any type of weight loss surgery, you still must focus on eating a healthy diet and becoming more active as part of your lifestyle.


Question: Can teens get weight loss surgery?

Answer: Teens usually don't get weight loss surgery unless they're extremely obese, with a body mass index ( BMI) of at least 35, and with a weight-related condition. If you're thinking about it, talk to your doctor about whether it's a good option for you.


Question: What is a duodenal switch?

Answer: Duodenal Switch: This is complicated surgery that removes most of the stomach and uses a gastric sleeve to bypass most of your small intestine. It limits how much you can eat. It also means your body doesn't get as much of a chance to absorb nutrients from your food, which could mean you don't get enough of the vitamins and minerals you need.


Question: What are benefits of weight loss surgery?

Answer: After weight loss surgery, most people lose weight for 18-24 months. At that point, many people start to regain some of their lost weight, but few regain it all. If you had any medical conditions related to obesity, those usually improve after weight loss surgery. Some conditions, such as diabetes, can improve quickly. Others, such as high blood pressure, may take a little longer.


Question: Can gallstones form after weight loss surgery?

Answer: Gallstones can form when you lose a lot of weight quickly. To help prevent them, your doctor may recommend taking supplemental bile salts for the first 6 months after surgery.


Question: When should you see a doctor about panic attacks?

Answer: Usually, a panic attack comes with a few of these: A sense of approaching danger Quick, intense, heartbeat Nausea Chills Cramps in your belly Headache Numbness or tingling Shortness of breath Throat tightness Trembling Hot flashes A feeling that you're apart from reality If you feel like you're having a panic attack, see you doctor right away. While they are not dangerous, they can get worse without treatment. Symptoms of a panic attack are similar to those for more serious conditions. If you're not sure if what you're having is a panic attack, call your doctor, just to be safe.


Question: What is panic disorder?

Answer: If they keep coming back, you have a persistent fear of more attacks, or you change your behavior significantly because of them, you have something called panic disorder. Nearly one in 20 adults have it, and women are twice as likely as men to get it. Many people with panic disorder relate an attack to what they were doing when it happened. They may think the restaurant, elevator, or classroom caused the attack. Then they'll avoid those places. That may lead to something called agoraphobia -- the fear of leaving home or being in public places.


Question: How do you treat genital herpes?

Answer: Genital herpes : Once you are infected with genital herpes, the virus remains in your body for life. After the first outbreak, herpes may flare up several times per year, but these episodes may lessen over time. Antiviral medication (such as Famvir, Valtrex, and Zovirax) can help reduce the length and severity of both the initial and subsequent herpes outbreaks. If you have outbreaks often, you may want to use suppressive therapy.


Question: Can you treat an STD by yourself?

Answer: These diseases are contagious and serious. You must see a doctor. Bacterial STDs can be cured with antibiotics if treatment begins early enough. Viral STDs cannot be cured, but you can manage symptoms with medications. There is a vaccine against hepatitis B, but it will not help if you already have the disease.