Question: How is IBS-D diagnosed?

Answer: There isn't a test that tells you if you have IBS- D (or any kind of IBS). Instead, your doctor will look at your health history and symptoms. If you've had abdominal pain and other signs of IBS for at least 3 months, you may have it. If you have other symptoms, like rectal bleeding, weight loss, or a family history of gastrointestinal cancer, your doctor may want you to have tests to rule out other possibilities. These can include a blood test to check for celiac disease and a colonoscopy to check for abnormal growths and signs of cancer.


Question: How does relieving stress help treat IBS-D?

Answer: Stress relief: The link between stress and IBS is complicated. Stress and related issues like anxiety and depression don't cause IBS. But they can make symptoms like diarrhea worse. That's why it's important to try to find effective ways to manage your mood. Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too. Massage, yoga, hypnotherapy, and forms of talk therapy can help with stress, which may lessen your symptoms.


Question: Do over-the-counter medications affectively treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications: Anti-diarrhea medications like loperamide ( Imodium) may help. Peppermint oil supplements may reduce cramping. Some experts believe probiotics (âgoodâ bacteria, which you can get in supplement form or from foods like pickles and sauerkraut) can help relieve IBS symptoms, including diarrhea.


Question: Is there a cure for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too.


Question: How is eluxadoline used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Eluxadoline ( Viberzi) may help reduce bowel contractions, belly cramps, and diarrhea. It's also important to note that this is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance. This means, among other things, that you'll have to have a new prescription from your doctor each time you need it.


Question: Do stress relief techniques affectively treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Stress relief: The link between stress and IBS is complicated. Stress and related issues like anxiety and depression don't cause IBS. But they can make symptoms like diarrhea worse. That's why it's important to try to find effective ways to manage your mood. Exercise can help you feel better and improve the way your bowel functions, too. Massage, yoga, hypnotherapy, and forms of talk therapy can help with stress, which may lessen your symptoms.


Question: What diet changes can help treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Possible treatments include: Diet changes: Foods and beverages don't cause IBS- D, but some may trigger your symptoms or make them worse. Alcohol, drinks with caffeine (like coffee and soda), carbonated drinks, chocolate, sorbitol (an artificial sweetener used in some gums and mints), fried food, and milk products may make IBS-related diarrhea worse.


Question: What causes IBS-D?

Answer: Researchers don't know what causes IBS or IBS- D. We do know that women are more likely to have it than men, and it's more common in adults under 50. If you have a family member with IBS, your odds of getting IBS or IBS- D go up. With IBS, your colon is more sensitive than normal. It can react to things like stress, bacteria, and even certain foods. Your brain also plays a role and may respond too much to signals that control your colon. The result: Your intestines squeeze too hard, making food move too quickly through your system. That can cause pain, diarrhea, and other problems like gas.


Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: If you have a family member with IBS, your odds of getting IBS or IBS- D go up. With IBS, your colon is more sensitive than normal. It can react to things like stress, bacteria, and even certain foods. Your brain also plays a role and may respond too much to signals that control your colon. The result: Your intestines squeeze too hard, making food move too quickly through your system. That can cause pain, diarrhea, and other problems like gas.


Question: Are antidepressants used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: If you have a family member with IBS, your odds of getting IBS or IBS- D go up. Your brain also plays a role and may respond too much to signals that control your colon.


Question: How do anticholinergic dicyclomine and hyoscyamine treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Make sure your doctor is in the picture. Eluxadoline ( Viberzi) may help reduce bowel contractions, belly cramps, and diarrhea.


Question: How is rifaximin used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: That can cause pain, diarrhea, and other problems like gas. You take it for 2 weeks at a time. The treatment can be repeated up to two times if the symptoms come back.


Question: Does fiber intake affect irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: But if you have IBS- D, too much fiber can make your symptoms worse. You may need to experiment to figure out which types of whole grains, beans, fruits, and vegetables agree with your gut. Alosetron hydrochloride ( Lotronex) is specifically for women with IBS who are not having success with other treatments.


Question: What happens during the blood glucose test?

Answer: During a blood glucose test, blood will be drawn and sent to a lab for analysis.


Question: What are tips for starting solid foods with your baby?

Answer: Your baby must be able to sit up with support and hold his head and neck up properly before you start solids. Other readiness clues include drooling, mimicking eating by opening his mouth while watching you eat, and reaching for items on your plate. Try starting with an iron-fortified infant rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. Don't worry if baby only takes one to two spoonfuls. Be sure to use a small, baby spoon as baby's mouth is still very small. Your baby may push the spoon right back out with her tongue! This is normal at first. Expect to continue nursing or bottle-feeding through baby's first year.


Question: What questions will my baby's doctor ask during a fourth-month checkup?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet? Is your baby able to push up onto his forearms and lift his head yet? Does your baby have good head control when upright? Is your baby cooing or babbling yet? Does your baby respond to loud noises? Does your baby follow an object with his eyes?


Question: What happens at my baby's fourth-month checkup?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet?


Question: What questions should I ask my pediatrician during my baby's fourth-month checkup?

Answer: When will my baby sit up? When will my baby start crawling? My baby drools a lot. Is he teething? Is it too soon for my baby to eat solids? Should I cut back on nursing when my baby starts solids?


Question: What should a baby be able to do developmentally at four months?

Answer: When will my baby sit up? Your baby can probably grab objects, including your hair or earrings. Your baby can also put objects into his mouth, so be aware of choking hazards! Give your baby different textures to explore, like a wooden spoon or furry toy. Hold a toy in front of your baby so he can reach for it and grab. Read and sing to your baby a little each day. Your baby will love it! He may be able to roll off soon.


Question: What are some tips to baby proof your house for a fourth month old?

Answer: Babies can develop new skills overnight! When your baby pushes up on his hands, take down mobiles. Continue to put your baby on his back to sleep. Never leave your baby alone on a sofa or bed. He may be able to roll off soon. Don't leave small objects lying around that baby can put into his mouth and choke on. Put up safety gates around stairs and any other unsafe areas. Put your baby's crib at its lowest height. Be sure to move cleaning and other toxic products out of baby's reach. You may be feeling a little more relaxed now since you're beginning to understand your baby's reactions.


Question: How is tubal ligation reversal done?

Answer: If he decides it's OK to do the reversal, your doctor then makes a small surgical cut, called a "bikini cut," near your pubic hair line. Microscopic instruments attached to the end of the laparoscope let him remove any clips or rings that were used to block your tubes, and reconnect the ends of the tubes to the uterus, using very small stitches. The surgery usually takes about 2 to 3 hours.


Question: What are some complications and risks of tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: It's rare, but it's possible you could have bleeding, infection, damage to nearby organs, or reactions to anesthesia. Tubal reversal also gives you a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy, a life-threatening condition in which a fertilized egg grows outside your womb. And sometimes, the area where you had the tubal reversal forms scar tissue and blocks the fallopian tubes again.


Question: What is tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: A surgeon will reopen, untie, or reconnect your fallopian tubes so you can have a baby again.


Question: Who are the best candidates for tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: In general, tubal reversal could be right for you if you had only small parts of your fallopian tubes removed, or if your tubes were closed with rings or clips. Some surgeons say the best candidates for tubal reversal are women younger than 40 who had their tubes tied right after childbirth, a procedure called postpartum tubal ligation.


Question: What are the chances of pregnancy after tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: If your remaining fallopian tubes are healthy, and you and your partner don't have any other infertility issues, you have a good chance of getting pregnant after tubal reversal. Keep in mind, though, that it doesn't work for everyone. Age plays an important role in whether you get pregnant after tubal reversal. Older women are much less likely than younger woman to have success.


Question: What tests are needed before tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: Your exam may include blood and imaging tests to make sure your ovaries are normal. You'll also need a test called a hysterosalpingogram ( HSG), to check the length and function of your remaining fallopian tubes. An HSG can be done using dye and X-rays or saline and air along with ultrasound.


Question: What is recovery like after a tubal ligation reversal?

Answer: But today, tubal reversal surgery is most often done using "microsurgical" techniques. An overnight hospital stay may not be needed. Women who have the microsurgical method usually go home the same day, typically within 2to 4 hours after the surgery is complete. Your doctor will prescribe painkillers to help you manage any discomfort. Most women go back to their normal activities within 2 weeks.


Question: How much does a tubal ligation reversal costs?

Answer: Women who have the microsurgical method usually go home the same day, typically within 2to 4 hours after the surgery is complete. Tubal reversal is expensive -- several thousand dollars for the surgery, along with anesthesia and hospital fees and the cost of fertility tests that you need to get before the procedure.


Question: Why is thyroid disease sometimes confused with menopause?

Answer: According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ( AACE), millions of women with menopausal-like symptoms, even those taking estrogen, may be suffering from undiagnosed thyroid disease. While symptoms such as fatigue, depression, mood swings, and sleep disturbances are frequently associated with menopause, they may also be signs of hypothyroidism.


Question: Should I sterilize the water I use to clean baby bottles?

Answer: Unless your water supply is suspected to harbor contaminated bacteria, it is as safe for your baby as it is for you. There is no reason to sterilize what is already safe.


Question: Do I need to sterilize baby bottles?

Answer: In the old days when water supplies were not reliably clean, it made sense to sterilize baby bottles. But now, sterilizing bottles, nipples, and water is mostly unnecessary.


Question: What drinks can help when you have a cold?

Answer: Decaf tea. The heat can soothe sore throats, stuffy noses, chest congestion, and upset stomachs. Plus, a warm cup of tea is comforting when you’re feeling rough. If you choose one with herbs like ginger, your immune system may get a small boost, too. For an extra benefit, try adding a small dollop of honey to your cup: It can calm a cough and help you sleep. Water with lemon. Hot or cold, it keeps you hydrated and loosens up stuffiness and congestion. Lemon is also high in vitamin C, which may make a cold slightly shorter if you get it regularly. Soup. Clear soups and broths give you calories when you may not have much of an appetite. Some research shows they may help relieve inflammation in the body, which can relieve some of your symptoms. The warmth also helps break up mucus. Ice chips or ice pops. True, these aren’t technically a beverage, but they have the same purpose: keeping you hydrated.


Question: How do Pick's disease and Alzheimer's differ?

Answer: Pick bodies in the speech section of your brain can cause problems with: Recalling names of common objects Copying simple shapes with pencil and paper Understanding written words Speaking because of halted or stilted speech Occasionally, people with Pick's disease might also have: Memory loss Problems moving Stiff or weak muscles Trouble peeing Trouble with coordination Pick's disease has many of the same causes and symptoms that Alzheimer's does. But there are key differences. Unlike people with Alzheimer's disease, people with Pick's disease: Are diagnosed earlier in life Don't have hallucinations or delusions Don't tend to get lost in familiar places Have a harder time making sense of their words or the words of others Have behavior problems early on (behavior problems usually come late in Alzheimer's) Don't have as many memory loss problems To find out if you have Pick's disease, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and go over your medical history.


Question: Can Pick's disease cause speech problems?

Answer: Problems with language usually happen early in the disease. Pick bodies in the speech section of your brain can cause problems with: Recalling names of common objects Copying simple shapes with pencil and paper Understanding written words Speaking because of halted or stilted speech Occasionally, people with Pick's disease might also have: Memory loss Problems moving Stiff or weak muscles Trouble peeing Trouble with coordination Pick's disease has many of the same causes and symptoms that Alzheimer's does.


Question: What are the symptoms of Pick's disease?

Answer: You may: Act aggressively toward others Be uninterested in everyday activities Be very aware of everything you do all the time Feel irritable or agitated Have drastic and quick mood swings Have trouble feeling warmth, sympathy, or concern for others Have trouble with unplanned activities Make rash decisions Repeat actions over and over Say and do inappropriate things Some people become hungry all the time, and some develop an unhealthy "sweet tooth" and eat much more sugar than they should.


Question: How does Pick's disease develop?

Answer: Your brain uses a transport system to help move around the nutrients it needs. This system is made of proteins that like railroad tracks guiding trains guide nutrients where they need to go. The proteins that keep the tracks straight are called tau proteins. When you have Pick's disease, the tau proteins don't work the way they should. You may also have more of them in your brain than other people. These abnormal clumps of tau proteins are called Pick bodies. Pick bodies "derail" your transport system. The track is no longer straight, and nutrients in the brain can't get where they need to go. This causes brain damage that can't be reversed.


Question: What causes Pick's disease?

Answer: Experts aren't sure why it happens in other cases. The doctor may also recommend a blood test that looks at your DNA to see if you have the gene that causes Pick's disease.


Question: What is Pick's disease?

Answer: It's also a type of disorder known as frontotemporal dementia ( FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( FTLD). These sections control your behavior, personality, and speech. Pick bodies in the speech section of your brain can cause problems with: Recalling names of common objects Copying simple shapes with pencil and paper Understanding written words Speaking because of halted or stilted speech Occasionally, people with Pick's disease might also have: Memory loss Problems moving Stiff or weak muscles Trouble peeing Trouble with coordination Pick's disease has many of the same causes and symptoms that Alzheimer's does.


Question: Which part of the brain do Pick bodies typically form in?

Answer: It affects parts of the brain that control emotions, behavior, personality, and language. Problems with language usually happen early in the disease. Pick bodies in the speech section of your brain can cause problems with: Recalling names of common objects Copying simple shapes with pencil and paper Understanding written words Speaking because of halted or stilted speech Occasionally, people with Pick's disease might also have: Memory loss Problems moving Stiff or weak muscles Trouble peeing Trouble with coordination Pick's disease has many of the same causes and symptoms that Alzheimer's does.


Question: What are side effects of steroid shots for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Steroid shots in the SI joint usually start working in 3 to 7 days. Most people feel a lot better and can move around much easier after they get one. You might have some side effects, such as: Anxiety High blood sugar if you have diabetes For women, changes in your period Warm, red skin, called flushing Trouble sleeping Bloating Side effects usually go away in a few days.


Question: How can medication help with treating sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Medication There are two reasons to use medication for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The first is to bring down the swelling and irritation, called inflammation, in your joint. The second is to control pain. Take your medication the way your doctor tells you to, even if you start to feel better. If you stop taking it too soon, the inflammation might stick around and keep your joint from healing. That means the pain may come back.


Question: How can physical therapy help with treating sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Physical Therapy As medication eases pain and calms an inflamed SI joint, physical therapy can help the area become more flexible. A therapist can teach you exercises that will build strength and make your SI joint more mobile. You'll also learn ways to move that will hurt less.


Question: How can injection help with treating sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Injections If pills and physical therapy alone don't get rid of your pain in a few weeks, your doctor might try a shot inside your joint with a drug to numb the pain and a steroid to bring down the inflammation. You have to go to the hospital or an outpatient clinic to get the injection. It takes about 15 to 30 minutes. Afterward, you might feel some numbness or weakness in your legs and feet. It should go away within 6 hours. You'll need to rest for 24 hours.


Question: How do I do an inner push-in leg-strengthening exercise?

Answer: Grab a chair and take a seat to work the front and inner sides of your shins. Inner âpush-in:â With your feet flat on the floor, push them against each other. Hold for 3 seconds. Do three sets of 20 reps most days of the week.


Question: What are the different types of posttraumatic stress disorder triggers?

Answer: Anything that reminds you of what happened right before or during a trauma is a potential trigger. They're usually tied to your senses. You may see, feel, smell, touch, or taste something that brings on your symptoms.


Question: What are posttraumatic stress disorder triggers?

Answer: Certain triggers can set off your PTSD. They bring back strong memories. You may feel like you're living through it all over again. Triggers can include sights, sounds, smells, or thoughts that remind you of the traumatic event in some way. Some PTSD triggers are obvious, such as seeing a news report of an assault. Others are less clear. For example, if you were attacked on a sunny day, seeing a bright blue sky might make you upset.


Question: How do you develop posttraumatic stress disorder triggers?

Answer: With PTSD, your brain doesn't process the trauma the right way. It doesn't file the memory of the event as being in the past. The result: You feel stressed and frightened even when you know you're safe. The brain attaches details, like sights or smells, to that memory. These become triggers. They act like buttons that turn on your body's alarm system.


Question: How can you recognize posttraumatic stress disorder triggers?

Answer: Some are obvious. Others are subtle. In fact, you may not realize something is a trigger until you have a reaction. Feeling as if you're in danger is a sign that you've experienced a PTSD trigger. A therapist can help you identify yours.


Question: What are symptoms of spring allergies?

Answer: You may have: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Start with your regular doctor.


Question: What type of plant can trigger spring allergies?

Answer: Triggers include: Trees Alder Ash Aspen Beech Box elder Cedar Cottonwood Cypress Elm Hickory Juniper Maple Mulberry Oak Olive Palm Pine Poplar Sycamore Willow Grasses and weeds: Bermuda Fescue Johnson June Orchard Perennial rye Redtop Saltgrass Sweet vernal Timothy Pollen counts tend to be particularly high on breezy days when the wind picks up these sneeze-inducing grains and carries them through the air. Rainy days, on the other hand, wash away the allergens.


Question: How are spring allergies diagnosed?

Answer: You may have: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Start with your regular doctor. She may refer you to an allergist for tests. The allergy specialist may give you a skin test, which involves either a pricking the surface of the skin with a tiny amount of allergen (prick test), or injecting a tiny sample of a diluted allergen under the skin of your arm or back. If you're allergic to the substance, a small red bump (called a wheal or hive) will form. Sometimes, you may get a blood test.


Question: Are there natural remedies for spring allergies?

Answer: Nasal irrigation uses a combination of warm water, about a quarter-teaspoon of salt, and a quarter-teaspoon of baking soda to clear out mucus and open sinus passages. You can use a squeeze bottle or a neti pot, which looks like a small teapot. Use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled water to make up the solution. It's also important to rinse the irrigation device after each use and leave open to air dry. Some others have mixed research on how much they help: Butterbur. Stinging nettle.


Question: What are tips for your attitude, exercise, and diet to help to manage stress?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you keep stress at bay. Keep a positive attitude. Accept that there are events that you cannot control. Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, defensive, or passive. Learn and practice relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, or tai-chi for stress management. Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better when it is fit. Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.


Question: How can I get support to help manage stress?

Answer: Get enough rest and sleep. Seek treatment with a psychologist or other mental health professional trained in stress management or biofeedback techniques to learn healthy ways of dealing with the stress in your life.


Question: How can sudden changes in air pressure cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: Sudden changes in air pressure: Things like scuba diving or riding in an airplane while it lands may cause fluid in the inner ear to shift, causing a leakage or rupture. This may lead to inner ear nerve damage.


Question: How can too much earwax cause conductive hearing loss?

Answer: Causes include: Too much earwax: Doctors call this cerumen obstruction. Using a cotton swab can push the wax deeper into your ear. When it builds up, you don't hear as well. Your doctor can easily get rid of the wax during an office visit.


Question: How can Meniere's disease cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: Meniere's disease: This chronic condition can cause hearing loss that comes and goes, along with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and vertigo.


Question: How can swimmer's ear cause conductive hearing loss?

Answer: Swimmer's ear: Your doctor may call this otitis externa. Water causes this infection of the outer ear canal. If your ear swells a lot, you might lose some hearing.


Question: How can aging cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: There are many causes: Aging: Simply growing older may make sensorineural hearing loss more likely. You may hear a doctor say "presbycusis." This is age-related hearing loss. It tends to run in families. You may first notice trouble hearing high-pitched sounds.


Question: How can autoimmune inner ear disease cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: Autoimmune inner ear disease: This rare condition causes various levels of hearing loss in both ears, which slowly gets worse over weeks to months. You may also have ringing in the ears and a feeling of fullness in the ears.


Question: How is hearing loss treated?

Answer: Medicine or surgery can treat some types of hearing loss. Others are permanent, but hearing aids or implants can help. It only takes a few minutes for a doctor to figure out which type you have.


Question: What is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?

Answer: It's usually permanent. A hearing aid or cochlear implant may make things better. This may lead to inner ear nerve damage.


Question: How does sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) happen?

Answer: The loud music of your youth or simply aging may be to blame. Other causes of sensorineural hearing loss include: Diseases of the central nervous system Ear structure problems The growth of bone in your middle ear, called otosclerosis Most of the time, this type happens slowly. Hearing loss typically affects one ear. If yours comes on suddenly, it's a medical emergency. Medicine may be able to treat it.


Question: What things are stuck in the ear canal that can cause conductive hearing loss?

Answer: Water causes this infection of the outer ear canal. Doctors often see this in children. If a bug is stuck in your ear (uncommon, but it does happen), you may have a hard time hearing and your ear may be very itchy.


Question: What can you do if you have trouble hearing?

Answer: You may get one if your eardrum collapses. This is the most common form of permanent hearing loss. It can also be a side effect of some medications.


Question: What are common names for seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer: These medical conditions can also raise your risk: Acne AIDS Alcoholism Depression Eating disorders Epilepsy Heart attack or stroke recovery Parkinson's disease Psoriasis Rosacea Dandruff and cradle cap are common names for seborrheic dermatitis. Babies 3 months and younger often get cradle cap: crusty yellow or brown scales on their scalp. It usually goes away before they're a year old, although it can come back when they reach puberty.


Question: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in adults?

Answer: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo.


Question: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in babies?

Answer: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo. If that doesn't help, talk to your pediatrician about medicated shampoos before you try one. A dandruff shampoo could irritate your baby's scalp. To soften thick patches first, rub mineral oil onto the area and brush gently with a baby hairbrush to help peel the scales off.


Question: What should you do if your child has a fever?

Answer: Your child's body is raising its temperature to kill the germs. If he's younger, ask your doctor how much to give him. Another option is ibuprofen if your child is at least 6 months old. There's a lot you can do to make him feel better. Put a cool compress on his head and keep his room at a moderate temperature -- not too hot and not too cold. Dress him in one layer of light clothing and offer a light blanket. You can also cool him off with a lukewarm sponge bath. And don't forget -- make sure he drinks a lot of fluids. If the doctor says it's OK to use a cough or cold medicine, then read the label before you buy and pick the one that most closely matches your child's symptoms.


Question: Why should I talk to the surgeon before undergoing back surgery?

Answer: That said, any operation has some degree of risk, including: Reaction to anesthesia or other drugs Bleeding Infection Blood clots, for instance in your legs or lungs Heart attack Stroke Herniated disk Nerve damage, which can lead to weakness, paralysis, pain, sexual dysfunction, or loss of bowel or bladder control The odds that something could go wrong go up for people with certain health conditions. They also vary by type of surgery. Part of your surgeon's job is to identify potential problems. So talk it over before you head to the OR.


Question: What's the biggest rsk of back surgery?

Answer: The biggest risk of back surgery: Not knowing for sure if it's going to help with your pain. The best thing you can do is talk openly with your surgeon so he knows what's going on with your health and you know what to expect before you go into the operating room.


Question: What are the risks of back surgery?

Answer: Most people who get back surgery have minimal, if any, complications. That said, any operation has some degree of risk, including: Reaction to anesthesia or other drugs Bleeding Infection Blood clots, for instance in your legs or lungs Heart attack Stroke Herniated disk Nerve damage, which can lead to weakness, paralysis, pain, sexual dysfunction, or loss of bowel or bladder control The odds that something could go wrong go up for people with certain health conditions.


Question: What is foraminotomy?

Answer: The surgeon cuts away bone at the sides of your vertebrae to widen the space where nerves exit your spine. The extra room may relieve pressure on the nerves and ease your pain. Like a laminectomy, this procedure can also make your spine less stable. So the surgeon may do a spinal fusion at the same time. That'll increase the amount of time you need for recovery.


Question: What is a dixkectomy?

Answer: In a diskectomy, the surgeon removes all or part of the disk. He may have to make a big cut in your back, or he may be able to do it through a small one called microdiscectomy. Microdiscectomy is performed with an operating microscope through a smaller incision than open discectomy and has become the standard surgical procedure for lumbar disc herniation. Sometimes a diskectomy is part of a larger surgery that includes laminectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion.


Question: What are the benefits of back surgery?

Answer: Often, the result is more than just a drop in pain. You may find: You can move around better. You're more physically fit. Your mood improves. You don't need to take as much pain medicine. You can go back to work. You're more productive at work.


Question: What is laminectomy?

Answer: In this procedure, a surgeon removes parts of the bone, bone spurs, or ligaments in your back. This relieves pressure on spinal nerves and can ease pain or weakness, but the procedure can make your spine less stable. If that happens, you'll probably need a spinal fusion as well. Doctors sometimes do the two procedures together. Like a laminectomy, this procedure can also make your spine less stable.


Question: What is disk replacement surgery?

Answer: In a diskectomy, the surgeon removes all or part of the disk. Unlike fusion, this lets you continue to move your spine. Recovery time may be shorter than for a spinal fusion, too. But there is a slight chance the new disk could slip or fall out of place and require repair.


Question: What is spinal fusion?

Answer: The doctor will join spinal bones, called vertebrae, together. This limits the motion between them and how far your nerves can stretch. But it probably won't limit your activity. It's rare, but the bones don't always fuse completely. If it happens, you may need another operation to fix it. This is the most common surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.


Question: How do you remove a tick?

Answer: If the tick is attached to the person's skin, remove it immediately: Wearing gloves, grasp the tick with clean tweezers as close to the skin as possible to remove the head and mouthparts. If some mouthparts remain, do not try to remove them, as your body will expel them naturally. Pull the tick straight out gently and steadily. Do not twist. Do not try to remove tick with a hot match or petroleum jelly. This could cause the tick to regurgitate infected fluids into the wound. Save the tick in a container of alcohol to show the doctor.


Question: How is an Achilles tendon injury diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will do a physical exam. She may want to see you walk or run to look for problems that might have led to your injury. She also might do something called the calf squeeze test. You'll kneel on a chair or bench or lie on your stomach on the exam table. Then she'll gently squeeze the calf muscle on your healthy leg. This will pull on the tendon and make your foot move. Next, she'll do the same thing on your other leg. If your Achilles tendon is torn, your foot won't move because your calf muscle won't be connected to your foot.


Question: What can make you more likely to get an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: These things also can make you more likely to have this kind of injury: You wear high heels, which can stress the tendon. You have "flat feet," also called fallen arches. This means that when you take a step, the impact causes the arch of your foot to collapse, stretching the muscles and tendons. Your leg muscles or tendons are too tight. You take medicines called glucocorticoids or antibiotics called fluoroquinolones.


Question: What causes an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land.


Question: What are the symptoms of an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: The most obvious sign is pain above your heel, especially when you stretch your ankle or stand on your toes. It may be mild and get better or worse over time. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe. The area may also feel tender, swollen, and stiff. If your Achilles tendon tears, you may hear a snapping or popping noise when it happens. You could have bruising and swelling, too. You also may have trouble pointing your toes and pushing off your toes when you take a step.


Question: How do people usually get an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. For instance, a sprinter might get one at the start of a race as he surges off the starting block. The abrupt action can be too much for the tendon to handle. Men over 30 are particularly prone to Achilles tendon injuries.


Question: What is the treatment for an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Minor to moderate Achilles tendon injuries should heal on their own. To speed the process, you can: Rest your leg. Avoid putting weight on your leg as best you can. You may need crutches. Ice it. Ice your injury for up to 20 minutes at a time as needed. Compress your leg. Use an elastic bandage around the lower leg and ankle to keep down swelling. Raise (elevate) your leg. Prop your leg up on a pillow when you're sitting or lying down. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen will help with pain and swelling. Follow the instructions on the label to help prevent side effects, such as bleeding and ulcers. Take them with food. Check with your doctor first if you have any allergies, medical problems or take any other medication. If you need them for longer than 7 to 10 days, call your doctor. Use a heel lift. Your doctor may recommend that you wear an insert in your shoe while you recover. It will help protect your Achilles tendon from further stretching. Practice stretching and strengthening exercises as recommended by your doctor, physical therapist, or other health care provider.


Question: What is an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: You can feel it -- a springy band of tissue at the back of your ankle and above your heel. It lets you point your toes toward the floor and raise up on your tiptoes. It's common for this tendon to get injured. It can be mild or moderate and feel like a burning pain or stiffness in that part of your leg. If the pain is severe, your Achilles tendon may be partly torn or completely ruptured. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe.


Question: Can I prevent an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. Wear shoes with good support that fit well. Stop exercising if you feel pain or tightness in the back of your calf or heel.


Question: When will I feel better from an Achilles tendon injury?

Answer: Check with your doctor first if you have any allergies, medical problems or take any other medication. It may take months, but it depends on how serious your injury is. Different conditions heal at different rates. You can still be active while your injury heals. Ask your doctor what's OK to do. But don't rush things. Don't try to return to your old level of physical activity until: You can move your leg as easily and freely as your uninjured leg. Your leg feels as strong as your uninjured leg.


Question: What are signs of dehydration in children?

Answer: What signs of dehydration should we watch for?


Question: Are some children more prone to dehydration or heat illness than others?

Answer: One of the biggest risk factors: a previous episode of dehydration or heat illness. Other factors that can put your child at greater risk for heat illness include obesity, recent illness (especially if the child has been vomiting or has had diarrhea), and use of antihistamines or diuretics. Lack of acclimatization to hot weather and exercising beyond their level of fitness can also lead to heat illness in young athletes. "


Question: What are symptoms of mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: Mainly, you feel like you're rocking, swaying, or bobbing when there's no reason for it. You might feel unsteady and even stagger a bit. Other symptoms include: Anxiety Confusion Depression Feeling very tired Having a hard time focusing Your symptoms may go away when you ride in a car or train, but they'll come back when you stop moving.


Question: How is mal de debarquement syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: It's a rare condition, so it may take a few visits to figure it out. Your doctor probably will want to rule out other causes for your symptoms with things like: Blood tests A hearing exam Imaging scans of your brain An exam that makes sure your nervous system is working the way it should An exam to test your vestibular system, which keeps you balanced and steady If you've had the symptoms for more than a month and the tests don't turn up any reason for them, your doctor may tell you that you have mal de debarquement syndrome.


Question: How can you prevent mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: There's no sure way. If you've had mal de debarquement syndrome before, it's probably best to stay away from the type of motion that brought it on. If you can't do that, check with your doctor to see if a medication might work for you.


Question: What is mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: When you head out to sea on a cruise ship, your brain and body have to get used to the constant motion. When you get back on shore, you need time to get your land legs back. Mainly, you feel like you're rocking, swaying, or bobbing when there's no reason for it. It's a rare condition, so it may take a few visits to figure it out. If you've had mal de debarquement syndrome before, it's probably best to stay away from the type of motion that brought it on.


Question: What are some treatments for mal de debarquement syndrome?

Answer: This uses electrical signals to change how your brain works. There's no drug made just for mal de debarquement syndrome, but certain medications used to treat things like depression, anxiety, or insomnia may help some people. Drugs used for motion sickness won't help. Vestibular rehabilitation. Your doctor can show you special exercises to help you with steadiness and balance. Exercise, managing stress, and getting rest may give you some relief. If you can't do that, check with your doctor to see if a medication might work for you.


Question: What do high bilirubin levels mean for newborns?

Answer: High bilirubin levels are common in newborns.


Question: What causes high total bilirubin?

Answer: High total bilirubin may be caused by: Anemia Cirrhosis A reaction to a blood transfusion Gilbert syndrome -- a common, inherited condition in which there is a deficiency of an enzyme that helps to break down bilirubin. Viral hepatitis A reaction to drugs Alcoholic liver disease Gallstones Very strenuous exercise, such as marathon running, can increase your bilirubin levels.


Question: What do bilirubin levels mean?

Answer: Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment that occurs normally when part of your red blood cells break down. Another option is that there's a problem somewhere along the pathway that gets the bilirubin out of your liver and into your stool.


Question: What happens during a bilirubin test?

Answer: With newborns, blood is usually drawn by using a needle to break the skin of the heel. Your doctor will send the blood to a lab for analysis. Before the test, tell your doctor about how active you've been and what food and medicines you've taken. Certain medications may alter your results. After the test, you'll be able to continue with your normal activities right away. It travels in the blood to the liver.


Question: What are the different types of bilirubin?

Answer: A bilirubin test measures the amount of bilirubin in your blood. The blood is collected in a tube. It can also give levels of two different types of bilirubin: unconjugated and conjugated. Unconjugated (âindirectâ) bilirubin. This is the bilirubin once it reaches the liver and undergoes a chemical change. It moves to the intestines before being removed through your stool.


Question: What fears do people with social anxiety disorder have?

Answer: But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it.


Question: When does social anxiety occur?

Answer: Anyone with social anxiety disorder can experience it in different ways. But here are some common situations that people tend to have trouble with: Talking to strangers Speaking in public Dating Making eye contact Entering rooms Using public restrooms Going to parties Eating in front of other people Going to school or work Starting conversations Some of these situations might not cause a problem for you. For example, giving a speech may be easy, but going to a party might be a nightmare. Or you could be great at one-on-one conversations but not at stepping into a crowded classroom.


Question: What does social anxiety disorder feel like?

Answer: But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it. Afterward, you could spend a lot of time and mental energy worrying about how you acted.


Question: How does social anxiety disorder affect my life?

Answer: Social anxiety disorder prevents you from living your life. You'll avoid situations that most people consider ânormal.â You might even have a hard time understanding how others can handle them so easily. When you avoid all or most social situations, it affects your personal relationships. It can also lead to: Low self-esteem Negative thoughts Depression Sensitivity to criticism Poor social skills that don't improve


Question: What is social anxiety disorder?

Answer: Maybe you've clammed up when meeting someone new or gotten sweaty palms before making a big presentation. Public speaking or walking into a roomful of strangers isn't exactly thrilling for everybody, but most people can get through it. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you have social anxiety disorder, though, the stress of these situations is too much to handle. You might avoid all social contact because things that other people consider ânormalâ -- like making small talk and eye contact -- make you so uncomfortable. All aspects of your life, not just the social, could start to fall apart. Social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) is one of the most common mental disorders, so if you have it, there's hope. The tough part is being able to ask for help. Here's how to know if your social silence has gone beyond shyness to a point where you need to see a doctor. But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it.


Question: What causes social anxiety disorder?

Answer: Social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) is one of the most common mental disorders, so if you have it, there's hope. Genetics likely has something to do with it: If you have a family member with social phobia, you're more at risk of having it, too. It could also be linked to having an overactive amygdala -- the part of the brain that controls your fear response. Social anxiety disorder usually comes on at around 13 years of age. It can be linked to a history of abuse, bullying, or teasing. Shy kids are also more likely to become socially anxious adults, as are children with overbearing or controlling parents. If you develop a health condition that draws attention to your appearance or voice, that could trigger social anxiety, too.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby learn to scribble?

Answer: Encourage her to doodle on the sidewalk with thick sidewalk chalk. Or set her up to scribble with fat, sturdy crayons and thick paper.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby finger feed herself?

Answer: With baby finger-feeding herself, make sure it's food she can gum. This includes some cereals, shredded cheese, and small pieces of tofu, well-cooked fruits or vegetables, or ripe banana. Avoid foods like raw vegetables, hard fruits, whole grapes, nuts, raisins, popcorn, hard cheese, and hot dogs, all choking hazards.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby learn to grasp food?

Answer: Your baby is moving from the raking grasp to a precise finger-and-thumb pincer grasp. For practice, give him little finger foods to pick up -- like cooked peas or O-shaped cereal. Keep away choking hazards, including older children's small toys and foods like grapes, nuts and peanuts, and raw vegetables.


Question: Does my 8- to 12-month-old baby use body language to communicate?

Answer: Though he isn't using words yet, your baby uses his body to talk. He points to things and may nod his head "yes" or "no." He may pause when you say " No!" and " Uh-oh." He may wave "bye bye." Help him learn words with rhymes, songs, and books. Name objects for him often.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby developing baby who creeps or crawls on their tummy?

Answer: During this time, she may start crawling, creeping on her tummy, or scooting on her bottom. Don't worry about her style. As long as she uses arms and legs on both sides of her body to move, it's OK. Encourage motoring by putting an interesting toy just beyond her reach. Ask relatives to let baby make the first move.


Question: Can an 8- to 12-month-old baby get into a sitting position without help?

Answer: Help him develop skills like clapping with patty-cake and other hand games. Around new people or in new places, hold him and give him time to adjust.


Question: In general, when do babies start to stand on their own?

Answer: When she can sit well without support (usually about 7 months), your baby will learn to lean over onto all fours. Rolling over, sitting up on her own, and crawling has boosted her confidence. Make sure toxic products and medicines are locked away and safety gates are up.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby walk safely while holding onto furniture?

Answer: Hold your baby's hands while he walks to help him practice. Or let him push a sturdy walking toy with supervision. His first steps alone are just around the corner. Make sure toxic products and medicines are locked away and safety gates are up.


Question: Why do babies shake, bang, and throw things?

Answer: Your baby's hands are busy, putting objects in and out of containers and banging them together. Play together with texture books, balls, and squeeze toys. Add a twist to peek-a-boo: Throw a blanket over your head and let her pull it off to find you.


Question: How can I help my 8- to 12-month-old baby crawl?

Answer: Soon, she'll push off with her knees to crawl. As she becomes agile, set out pillows, cushions, and boxes for her to crawl over and around. Always supervise this activity, and make sure your home is baby-proof! At around 8-12 months, your baby's torso and leg muscles are strong enough for her to stand without assistance.


Question: How can I help a developing baby who is shy or anxious with strangers?

Answer: Your baby is on the move! Stranger anxiety is one of baby's first emotional milestones. Around new people or in new places, hold him and give him time to adjust. Ask relatives to let baby make the first move.


Question: What are the symptoms of panic attacks?

Answer: The fear and terror that a person experiences during a panic attack are not in proportion to the true situation and may be unrelated to what is happening around them. Most people with panic attacks experience several of the following symptoms: " Racing" heart Feeling weak, faint, or dizzy Tingling or numbness in the hands and fingers Sense of terror, or impending doom or death Feeling sweaty or having chills Chest pains Breathing difficulties Feeling a loss of control var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Panic attacks are generally brief, lasting less than 10 minutes, although some of the symptoms may persist for a longer time. People who have had one panic attack are at greater risk for having subsequent panic attacks than those who have never experienced a panic attack.


Question: How is panic disorder treated?

Answer: Fortunately, panic disorder is a treatable condition. Psychotherapy and medications have both been used, either singly or in combination, for successful treatment of panic disorder. If medication is necessary, your doctor may prescribe anti-anxiety medications, certain antidepressants or sometimes certain anticonvulsant drugs that also have anti-anxiety properties, or a class of heart medications known as beta-blockers to help prevent or control the episodes in panic disorder.


Question: What causes panic disorder?

Answer: It is not clear what causes panic disorder. In many people who have the biological vulnerability to panic attacks, they may develop in association with major life changes (such as getting married, having a child, starting a first job, etc.) and major lifestyle stressors. There is also some evidence that suggests that the tendency to develop panic disorder may run in families. People who suffer from panic disorder are also more likely than others to suffer from depression, attempt suicide, or to abuse alcohol or drugs.


Question: How common is panic disorder?

Answer: The fear and terror that a person experiences during a panic attack are not in proportion to the true situation and may be unrelated to what is happening around them. Panic disorder is fairly common and affects about 6 million adults in the U. S. Women are twice as likely as men to develop the condition, and its symptoms usually begin in early adulthood.


Question: What are symptoms of strange sensations related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It may travel down your spine or into your arms or legs.


Question: What are symptoms of walking problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Clumsiness or lack of coordination: MS can make it hard to get around. You might have: Trouble walking A hard time keeping your balance Changes in your gait Dizziness: You may feel lightheaded.


Question: What strange sensations are caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It may travel down your spine or into your arms or legs. Numbness, often in your face Tingling Not everyone who has CIS will get MS.


Question: Is multiple sclerosis related to double vision and involuntary eye movements?

Answer: Eye problems: In addition to the optic neuritis that comes with CIS, MS can cause: Nystagmus: involuntary eye movements Diplopia: double vision Fatigue: You may feel very tired.


Question: What specific early-onset symptoms are present in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully.


Question: What are symptoms of vision problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs. As you rest and cool down, these symptoms are likely to go away.


Question: How do vision problems  from multiple sclerosis happen?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. The most common symptoms in CIS are: Optic neuritis: This condition damages the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It usually affects just one eye, but in rare cases, it involves both.


Question: What tests might my doctor suggest to deal with the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you have another CIS or other MS symptoms later, your doctor will do a test called an MRI that takes a picture of your brain to look for them. The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause fatigue?

Answer: Heat-related problems: You might notice them as you warm up during exercise. They're an early symptom for almost half the people with MS. If you have trouble walking and are often fatigued, you're likely to become less active.


Question: What vision problems are caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. The most common symptoms in CIS are: Optic neuritis: This condition damages the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It usually affects just one eye, but in rare cases, it involves both. You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs.


Question: What should you know about bladder infections?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } So it's important to treat bladder infections right away. Doctors usually use antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Women, especially, should watch for symptoms. They are more likely to get bladder infections than men are.


Question: What are the symptoms of bladder infections?

Answer: The most common sign of cystitis (the medical term for a bladder infection) is a burning feeling when you pee. Peeing only in small amounts at a time Cloudy or bloody urine Urine that smells worse than it should Pain around your pelvis Fever (a sign that the infection might have spread to your kidneys) In older people, prolonged tiredness (fatigue) or mental confusion might be signs of a more serious urinary tract infection. If you help take care of a child, you may want to watch for accidental daytime wetting that wasn't happing before. Other signs include a drop in appetite and vomiting.


Question: What is a diverticulitis diet?

Answer: You may also go on a liquid or âdiverticulitis diet.â You'll start by drinking only clear liquids, such as water, broth, non-pulpy juices, ice pops, and plain tea or coffee. As you start to feel better, you can add low-fiber foods such as eggs, yogurt, and cheese, and white rice and pasta. These foods are gentle on your digestive system. This treatment works well for most people who have clear-cut cases of diverticulitis.


Question: How can primary bowel resection help treat diverticulitis?

Answer: In this procedure, your surgeon will remove diseased parts of the intestine and reconnect the healthy sections. You can have normal bowel movements afterward.


Question: What can raise your odds of getting diverticulitis?

Answer: They include: Taking certain medicines, like ibuprofen, naproxen, and steroids Lack of exercise Obesity Smoking Signs can come on suddenly.


Question: What is stricture?

Answer: This happens when the colon narrows in the affected area.


Question: What is perforation?

Answer: This is a small hole or tear in a pocket that allows the bowel contents to seep into your abdomen. It's rare but life-threatening, and it requires emergency surgery.


Question: How can bowel resection with colostomy help treat diverticulitis?

Answer: Other tests might include: Blood and urine tests, which can point to an infection Liver tests A pregnancy test A stool test, if your diarrhea is one of your symptoms If you have a mild case and see your doctor right away, it's pretty easy to treat. Your doctor will create an opening in your abdomenal wall so waste can flow into a bag. Surgeons can often reconnect the bowel after the inflammation has passed.


Question: How can you prevent diverticulitis?

Answer: Your doctor may also suggest that you take a mild pain reliever like acetaminophen. This reduces pressure in your digestive tract. It may lower your chances of diverticula forming and becoming inflamed.


Question: How does Parkinsonâs disease affect driving?

Answer: But even in mild cases, common symptoms such as shaking in the arms, hands, or legs, impaired balance, and slowed physical and mental responses can affect driving skills. Episodes of tremor, for example, often begin in a hand or a foot and can affect the ability to operate a car's controls. Rigidity can result in jerky motions while steering. Slow movement can interfere with braking in heavy traffic or ability to quickly react to road hazards. Postural instability often results in a stooped posture in which the head is bowed and shoulders are drooped, further reducing drivers' awareness of their surroundings.


Question: Can medication help allow someone with Parkinson's disease to drive?

Answer: For many people with early Parkinson's disease, medications can reduce symptoms. But medications may have side effects, such as drowsiness, that can affect driving as well. It can be difficult for doctors to devise a medication plan that reduces the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease and allows some patients to drive without causing side effects that make driving a car even more dangerous.


Question: How often should my driving be re-evaluated if I have Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Because Parkinson's disease worsens over time, however, many people with Parkinson's disease eventually will need to give up driving a car and rely on other forms of transportation.


Question: How can I find an organization that can provide transportation for someone with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Eldercare Locator, a service of the U. S. Administration on Aging, can also assist.


Question: What are alternate methods of transportation for those with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: It's also important to help your loved one become accustomed to using alternate methods of transportation, such as: Rides from family and friends Taxi cabs Shuttle vans and buses Public buses, trains, and subways Walking Your local Area Agency on Aging can help you find transportation services for a loved one.


Question: Which signs should I look for to know a loved one with Parkinson's disease shouldn't drive?

Answer: Warning signs include: Driving too slowly Stopping in traffic for no apparent reason Ignoring traffic signs Getting lost along a familiar route Difficulty executing turns and lane changes Drifting into other traffic lanes or driving on the wrong side of the street Forgetting to signal or signaling incorrectly Not noticing other vehicles, pedestrians, or road hazards Becoming drowsy or falling asleep behind the wheel Parking inappropriately Getting tickets for traffic violations Getting into near-miss situations, fender benders, or other accidents Any of these warning signs could indicate that it's time for your loved one to stop driving.


Question: What is Parkinsonâs disease and how does it affect driving?

Answer: Parkinson's disease is a type of movement disorder that can significantly impair driving skills, cause safety concerns, and force many people with the condition to stop driving a car.


Question: When do you need a feeding tube?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you have trouble swallowing or can't eat or drink enough through your mouth, you may need a feeding tube. You may get one through your nose or mouth for a few days or weeks while you recover from an illness. But if you have long-term or serious reasons why you're unable to eat, such as dementia or terminal cancer, you may have a fairly simple surgery called a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG).


Question: How does your doctor know what's causing your diarrhea?

Answer: Do you have a fever? Do you feel dizzy or confused? Have you traveled anywhere recently? Are you taking antibiotics, or have you recently finished some? Do certain foods make it better or worse? He also might want to get a sample of your stool to send for lab testing. He may order blood tests as well. If your doctor thinks a specific food is causing your problem, he may ask you to stay away from that item for a while to see if it helps.


Question: What are treatments for diarrhea?

Answer: Do you have a fever? Some other good choices include: Potatoes Smooth peanut butter Skinless chicken or turkey Yogurt Avoid foods that can make diarrhea or gas worse, like: Fatty or fried foods Raw fruits and vegetables Spicy foods Caffeinated drinks, such as coffee and soda Beans Cabbage Most of the time diarrhea doesn't need to be treated. But some over-the-counter medicines can help you feel better. Two types of meds relieve diarrhea in different ways: Loperamide ( Imodium) slows the movement of food through your intestines, which lets your body absorb more liquid. Bismuth subsalicylate ( Kaopectate, Pepto- Bismol) balances out how fluid moves through your digestive tract.


Question: Why is a colonoscopy used to see what is causing diarrhea?

Answer: The best way for your doctor to figure out what's causing your diarrhea is to get some information from you. If your doctor thinks a specific food is causing your problem, he may ask you to stay away from that item for a while to see if it helps.


Question: What is intertrigo?

Answer: Intertrigo is a fancy name for a rash that shows up between the folds of skin. It is a very common skin rash that can crop up throughout life. The most common areas affected include larger skin-fold areas such as: Armpits Beneath the breasts Genital area Abdomen What does intertrigo look like?


Question: How can I prevent intertrigo?

Answer: Some simple steps may help lower your risk in the future, such as: Shower and dry off thoroughly each day. Keep your skin as dry and cool as you can. Avoid wearing tight shoes or clothing. Wear a bra with good support. If the areas between the toes are affected, consider wearing open-toed shoes. For infants with diaper rash, change diapers more frequently. If you are overweight, do what you can to lose weight.


Question: How is intertrigo treated?

Answer: Intertrigo can occur: Between toes and fingers In armpits In the inner thighs In the groin and at the scrotum On the underside of your breasts or belly In the crease of your neck Between the buttocks If you have any symptoms of intertrigo, be sure to see your doctor. A barrier cream may be recommended to help protect skin from irritants. To treat intertrigo, your doctor may recommend short-term use of a topical steroid to reduce inflammation in the area. If the area is also infected, your doctor may prescribe an antifungal or antibiotic cream or ointment. Keep your skin as dry and cool as you can.


Question: What should women 60 and older know about pelvic exams and Pap smears?

Answer: You may think it's crazy, but many women over 60 still need to get regular pelvic exams, Pap smears, or human papillomavirus ( HPV) test. Older women can get cervical cancer or vaginal cancer. And the pelvic exam can detect a host of other conditions that may affect your health and quality of life (think incontinence!). Pap smears are recommended for women every three years, an HPV test every 5 years, or a combination of both, up to age 65.


Question: What are some lifestyle changes for chronic back pain and sleep problems?

Answer: Here are some tips for getting a good night's sleep with chronic back pain: Minimize stress. Limit or eliminate caffeine. Avoid eating heavily before bedtime. Don't self-medicate with alcohol. Do some soothing exercises. Choose a comfortable mattress and pillow. Sleep in a comfortable position, although try not to sleep on your stomach. Establish a bedtime routine.


Question: What does one (alcoholic) drink equal?

Answer: Keep in mind that a serving of alcohol is: 12 ounces of regular beer 8-9 ounces of malt liquor 5 ounces of wine 3-4 ounces of fortified wine (such as sherry or port) 2-3 ounces of cordial, liqueur, or aperitif 1.5 ounces of brandy, cognac, or 80-proof distilled spirits Many places over-serve booze.


Question: What are warning signs of alcohol use disorder?

Answer: You've probably heard of âalcohol abuse,â "alcohol dependence,â or âalcoholism.â Maybe you know the new term doctors use, âalcohol use disorder.â You may have an alcohol use disorder if you: Drink more, or longer, than you plan to Have tried to cut back or stop more than once and couldn't Spend a lot of time drinking, being sick, or hungover Want alcohol so badly you can't think of anything else Have problems with work, school, or family because of your habit (or because you're sick after having alcohol) Keep drinking even though it has caused problems for you or your relationships Quit or cut back on other activities that were important to you in order to drink Have found yourself in situations while drinking or afterward that made you more likely to get hurt Keep having alcohol even though it made you depressed or anxious, hurt your health, or led to a memory blackout Have to drink more than you used to for the effect you want Found that you had withdrawal symptoms when the buzz wore off, like trouble sleeping, shakiness, restlessness, nausea, sweating, a racing heart, a seizure, or seeing, hearing, or feeling things that aren't there.


Question: What drug-free methods may help with side effects of cancer treatment?

Answer: It may ease anxiety, pain, stress, and even nausea. Guided imagery : You'll think about a thing or a place that makes you happy.


Question: What natural remedies may help with cancer treatment?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you if these are safe -- and smart -- for you to take these: Ginger can help you manage nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy.


Question: What is acupuncture and can it help with cancer treatment?

Answer: This form of traditional Chinese medicine involves putting very thin needles into your skin to improve your body's energy flow. Some Westerners believe the needles stimulate your body's natural pain-killing chemicals. Acupuncture is most often used for pain, but it may also lessen other symptoms associated with cancer treatment, like: Nausea and vomiting Dry mouth Anxiety and hot flashes If you want to try it, let your doctor know.


Question: Should I take vitamins during cancer treatment?

Answer: Even though vitamins claim to improve health, many cancer doctors (oncologists) say you should avoid most of them while you're in treatment. St. John's wort, often used for depression, can cause some anticancer drugs to not work as well as they should. Antioxidant pills like vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and beta-carotene can interfere with how well chemotherapy and radiation work.


Question: What should I ask my doctor before taking natural remedies with cancer treatment?

Answer: Your doctor can help you avoid pills or practices that may not be good for you. Follow these tips to start the conversation: Ask about nondrug ways to ease side effects. If she says that something you want to try can cause problems with your cancer treatment, ask for other options. Make a complete list of all supplements you take -- even multivitamins. Ask the doctor if any of them could have a bad effect on your treatment. Ask her to help you spot products or practices that don't live up to their claims.


Question: Should I try natural remedies with my cancer treatment?

Answer: If you're sick of -- and from -- taking medicine, you might look to natural remedies to ease your symptoms. The best way to know if a natural remedy is smart and safe for you is to talk to your health care team. If you plan to do research first, keep these things in mind: Unlike medicines, supplements don't have to be tested to prove they're safe or they work. Know that ânaturalâ doesn't mean safe.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have liver disease?

Answer: Some drugs that treat psoriasis can be hard on your liver. Methotrexate can cause scarring, but that usually goes away when you stop taking it. If you have liver disease like cirrhosis or hepatitis or if you drink heavily, you should avoid methotrexate. Acitretin is also not recommended for people with serious liver disease.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have heart disease?

Answer: Treating it can lower your risk, but some medications can hurt more than they help. Both cyclosporine and acitretin ( Soriatane) can raise your cholesterol levels. Cyclosporine can also raise your blood pressure. People with congestive heart failure shouldn't take certain biologics, including etanercept ( Enbrel), adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo) or adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), both biosimilars, and certolizumab ( Cimzia), infliximab ( Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), biosimilar to Remicade. Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have diabetes?

Answer: Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious. There's some evidence that taking biologic drugs for psoriasis may help your body respond to insulin. And certain drugs that treat diabetes -- thiazolidinedione ( Actos, Avandia) and GLP-1 receptor agonists ( Trulicity, Victoza) -- may also help your psoriasis. But steroids can raise your blood sugar and even lead to type 2 diabetes if you take them for a long time. People with psoriatic arthritis sometimes get steroid injections to ease painful swollen joints, but be careful about that if you have diabetes or are at risk for it. In some cases, topical steroid medicine also may cause blood sugar problems. Follow your doctor's instructions about how much to use and for how long.


Question: How is psoriasis treated when you have other conditions?

Answer: If you have psoriasis, you may have other health problems, too. The itchy skin rash is caused by an issue with your immune system. Your doctor should know about any other health problems you have and any medicines you take. Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer: People who have psoriasis seem likely to have other conditions linked to inflammation like heart disease, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. One study found that one in 10 women with psoriasis also have a form of inflammatory bowel disease. Two of the biologic drugs used to treat psoriasis can cause these illnesses or make them worse. If you're affected by this, talk with your doctor before you try brodalumab ( Siliq), ixekizumab ( Taltz), or secukinumab ( Cosentyx).


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you are pregnant?

Answer: That can let it build up to dangerous levels. Steroid creams also appear to be safe. But you should avoid tazarotene, a topical retinoid made from vitamin A. Retinoids in pill form are extremely dangerous if you're pregnant. Acitretin can cause serious birth defects. Because it stays in your system a while, you shouldn't try to get pregnant for at least 3 years after you take it. Methotrexate can also cause a miscarriage or birth defects. Men should wait at least 3 months and women 4 months after stopping it before they try to have a baby. Biologic drugs haven't been studied in pregnant women, so talk with your doctor about them. You can pass some medicines to your baby through breast milk. Don't take apremilast, cyclosporine, or methotrexate while you're nursing, and don't use steroid creams on your breasts. Light therapy that uses UVB rays is safe when you're pregnant, but the method called PUVA can cause birth defects. It combines medicine called psoralen with exposure to UVA rays. Women and men shouldn't use this if they're trying to conceive, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding shouldn't, either. Treating your psoriasis can improve your mood. But some psoriasis medications, like apremilast and brodalumab, may make depression worse.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have cancer?

Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. So you shouldn't take systemic psoriasis drugs if you're getting cancer treatment. People with skin cancer also should avoid light therapy, which exposes your skin to ultraviolet rays. Psoriasis may make you more likely to have certain kinds of cancer, like lymphoma and skin cancer. Systemic drugs also appear to raise your risk of these.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have a weak immune system?

Answer: Radiation and chemotherapy weaken your immune system. When you take a drug that slows down your immune system, like cyclosporine, methotrexate, or biologic drugs, your body can't fight off infection like it normally would.


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have kidney disease?

Answer: Psoriasis can make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes, especially if your skin disease is serious. If you have severe kidney problems, you shouldn't take acitretin, cyclosporine, or methotrexate, and you should take a smaller-than-normal dose of apremilast ( Otezla).


Question: How is psoriasis treated if you have an infection?

Answer: If your natural infection-fighting system is weak because of certain diseases (such as HIV) or medications (such as chemotherapy), it can be dangerous to take drugs that affect your immune system. If you have an active serious infection, you shouldn't take these. You should also be tested to see if you've been exposed to tuberculosis or are carrying hepatitis B. Many antibiotics that treat infections shouldn't be taken with systemic drugs. Some change how well your body absorbs the psoriasis drug. Others keep your kidneys from flushing the medicine from your system. That can let it build up to dangerous levels.


Question: What is a tumor?

Answer: A tumor is a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. Normally, the cells in your body age, die, and are replaced by new cells. With cancer and other tumors, something disrupts this cycle. Tumor cells grow, even though the body does not need them, and unlike normal old cells, they don't die. As this process goes on, the tumor continues to grow as more and more cells are added to the mass.


Question: What's the difference between benign and malignant brain tumors?

Answer: Benign brain tumors are noncancerous. Malignant primary brain tumors are cancers that originate in the brain, typically grow faster than benign tumors, and aggressively invade surrounding tissue. Although brain cancer rarely spreads to other organs, it can spread to other parts of the brain and central nervous system. Benign brain tumors usually have clearly defined borders and usually are not deeply rooted in brain tissue. This makes them easier to surgically remove, assuming they are in an area of the brain that can be safely operated on. But even after they've been removed, they can still come back, although benign tumors are less likely to recur than malignant ones.


Question: What consultations are recommended to treat brain tumors in adults?

Answer: The doctor can also explain the importance of planning for rehabilitation following treatment. Rehabilitation could involve working with several different therapists, such as: Physical therapist to regain strength and balance Speech therapist to address problems with speaking, expressing thoughts, or swallowing Occupational therapist to help manage daily activities such as using the bathroom, bathing, and dressing


Question: How are brain tumors diagnosed?

Answer: To diagnose a brain tumor, the doctor starts by asking questions about your symptoms and taking a personal and family health history. Then he or she performs a physical exam, including a neurological exam. If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer.


Question: What are meningeal tumors?

Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. These form in the meninges, the thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord.


Question: How is a biopsy done to diagnose brain tumors in adults?

Answer: If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer. A tissue sample is removed from the brain either during surgery to remove the tumor or with a needle inserted through a small hole drilled into the skull before treatment is started. The sample is then sent to a lab for testing.


Question: What are other symptoms of brain tumors in adults?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Seizures Changes in speech or hearing Changes in vision Balance problems Problems with walking Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Problems with memory Personality changes Inability to concentrate Weakness in one part of the body Morning vomitting without nausea It's important to keep in mind that these symptoms can be caused by a number of different conditions. Don't assume you have a brain tumor just because you experience some of them. Check with your doctor.


Question: What are the symptoms of a brain tumor in adults?

Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. Because different areas of the brain control different functions of the body, where the tumor lies affects the way symptoms are manifested. Some tumors have no symptoms until they are quite large and then cause a serious, rapid decline in health. Other tumors may have symptoms that develop slowly. A common initial symptom of a brain tumor is headaches. Often, they don't respond to the usual headache remedies. Keep in mind that most headaches are unrelated to brain tumors.


Question: How do primary brain tumors happen?

Answer: A primary brain tumor is one that originates in the brain, and most primary brain tumors are benign. The most common types of adult brain tumors are gliomas as in astrocytic tumors. These tumors form from astrocytes and other types of glial cells, which are cells that help keep nerves healthy.


Question: What are ways to quit tobacco?

Answer: To stop using tobacco, your dentist or doctor may be able to help you calm nicotine cravings with medications, such as nicotine gum and patches. Some of these products can be purchased over the counter; others require a prescription. Other medications (such as Zyban) require a prescription. Smoking cessation classes and support groups are often used in tandem with drug therapy. These programs are offered through local hospitals in your community and sometimes through your employer or health insurance company. Ask your doctor or dentist for information on similar programs they may be familiar with. Herbal remedies, as well as hypnosis and acupuncture, are other treatments that may help you kick the habit.


Question: What kind of dental problems can you get if you smoke?

Answer: Smoking leads to dental problems, including: Bad breath Tooth discoloration Inflammation of the salivary gland openings on the roof of the mouth Increased buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth Increased loss of bone within the jaw Increased risk of leukoplakia, white patches inside the mouth Increased risk of developing gum disease, a leading cause of tooth loss Delayed healing process following tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, or oral surgery Lower success rate of dental implant procedures Increased risk of developing oral cancer Smoking and other tobacco products can lead to gum disease by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth.


Question: How does smoking lead to gum disease?

Answer: Smoking leads to dental problems, including: Bad breath Tooth discoloration Inflammation of the salivary gland openings on the roof of the mouth Increased buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth Increased loss of bone within the jaw Increased risk of leukoplakia, white patches inside the mouth Increased risk of developing gum disease, a leading cause of tooth loss Delayed healing process following tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, or oral surgery Lower success rate of dental implant procedures Increased risk of developing oral cancer Smoking and other tobacco products can lead to gum disease by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth. More specifically, it appears that smoking interferes with the normal function of gum tissue cells. This interference makes smokers more susceptible to infections, such as periodontal disease, and also seems to impair blood flow to the gums - which may affect wound healing.


Question: How can pipe and cigar smoking cause dental problems?

Answer: Yes, like cigarettes, pipes and cigars do lead to oral health problems. According to results of a 23-year long study published in the Journalof the American Dental Association, cigar smokers experience tooth loss and alveolar bone loss (bone loss within the jawbone that anchors teeth) at rates equivalent to those of cigarette smokers. Pipe smokers also have a similar risk of tooth loss as cigarette smokers. Beyond these risks, pipe and cigar smokers are still at risk for oral and pharyngeal (throat) cancers -- even if they don't inhale -- and other oral consequences -- bad breath, stained teeth, and increased risk of periodontal (gum) disease.


Question: What are the benefits of kicking the tobacco habit?

Answer: Regardless of how long you have used tobacco products, quitting now can greatly reduce serious risks to your health. Eleven years after quitting, former smokers' likelihood of having periodontal (gum) disease was not significantly different from people who never smoked. They state that: About 90% of people with cancer of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat use tobacco, and the risk of developing these cancers increases with the amount smoked or chewed and the duration of the habit. Smokers are six times more likely than nonsmokers to develop these cancers. About 37% of patients who persist in smoking after apparent cure of their cancer will develop second cancers of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, compared with only 6% of those who stop smoking.


Question: Are smokeless tobacco products less likely to harm your dental health than cigarettes?

Answer: Like cigars and cigarettes, smokeless tobacco products (for example, snuff and chewing tobacco) contain at least 28 chemicals that have been shown to increase the risk of oral cancer and cancer of the throat and esophagus. In fact, chewing tobacco contains higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes, making it harder to quit than cigarettes. Exposed roots are also more sensitive to hot and cold or other irritants, making eating and drinking uncomfortable. In addition, sugars, which are often added to enhance the flavor of smokeless tobacco, can increase your risk for tooth decay.


Question: What other things play a role in heart failure?

Answer: Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.


Question: How does a normal heart work?

Answer: When your heart is healthy, it works like a well-organized pump. It moves blood steadily through your lungs to pick up oxygen, then back out into the rest of your body. When everything goes smoothly, the right side of your heart pumps blood from the body and shuttles it over to the lungs. Meantime, the left side moves oxygen-rich blood back through the heart and out.


Question: What causes a heart attack?

Answer: Something called "coronary heart disease" sets you on the path to it. Over the course of your life, waxy plaque builds up on the insides of your blood vessels, which gradually narrows the passageway. You may hear your doctor call this process atherosclerosis. It speeds up if you're obese, you smoke, or have high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Sometimes plaque gathers in the coronary arteries -- the pipelines that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart. Sometimes all or part of the plaque breaks off the inside of your vessel wall, where it's been lodged, and causes a blood clot. If it gets big enough, it can completely cut off the blood flow through the artery. Since your blood no longer carries oxygen from the lungs to the heart, cells in the heart can die. If your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen or nutrients, it's called ischemia. When part of your heart muscle gets damaged as a result, it's called a heart attack. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis. That happens most often in people who smoke or have high cholesterol or high blood pressure.


Question: What does a heart attack feel like?

Answer: You may get some of these: Chest discomfort. You may have a sense of squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of your chest. It could last for more than a few minutes, or it might go away and come back. Pain in your upper body. You might hurt or feel uncomfortable in one or both arms or your back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. This may happen to you with or without chest discomfort. You may also break out in a cold sweat, feel nauseous, or get light-headed.


Question: Are heart failure and a heart attack different?

Answer: Whether it's heart failure or a heart attack, your ticker isn't working the way it should. But there are big differences in what causes these conditions and how they make you feel. And which one you have will guide your doctor when he makes a treatment plan. A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. When you have a heart attack, the flow of blood to your ticker is suddenly blocked. Heart failure, on the other hand, is a long-term problem. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs.


Question: What is coronary heart disease?

Answer: Over the course of your life, waxy plaque builds up on the insides of your blood vessels, which gradually narrows the passageway.


Question: What is ischemia and how can it cause a heart attack?

Answer: If your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen or nutrients, it's called ischemia. When part of your heart muscle gets damaged as a result, it's called a heart attack.


Question: Can plaque cause a heart attack?

Answer: Sometimes all or part of the plaque breaks off the inside of your vessel wall, where it's been lodged, and causes a blood clot. If it gets big enough, it can completely cut off the blood flow through the artery.


Question: Can a heart attack be caused by a severe spasm?

Answer: Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis. That happens most often in people who smoke or have high cholesterol or high blood pressure.


Question: What are the first symptoms of heart attack?

Answer: You may get some of these: Chest discomfort. You may have a sense of squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of your chest. It could last for more than a few minutes, or it might go away and come back. Pain in your upper body. You might hurt or feel uncomfortable in one or both arms or your back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. This may happen to you with or without chest discomfort. You may also break out in a cold sweat, feel nauseous, or get light-headed.


Question: How do you know if you have heart failure or a heart attack?

Answer: A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs. Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.


Question: What does heart failure feel like?

Answer: When they do appear, they can include things like: Shortness of breath Persistent cough or wheeze Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or belly Weight gain Fatigue Lack of appetite or nausea Faster heart rate Any one of these on their own may not signal heart failure, but talk to your doctor if you have more than one symptom. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis.


Question: How do you diagnose osteopenia?

Answer: Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. This makes it hard to diagnose unless you have a bone mineral density test. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends the test if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteopenia You're a man older than 50 with risk factors You break a bone after age 50 The test is painless and fast.


Question: What foods should you eat to help with osteopenia?

Answer: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. You can get calcium in: Dairy products such as yogurt, cheese, and milk (go for low-fat or nonfat varieties) Spinach and broccoli Dried beans Salmon Vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium, can be found in eggs and in oily fish such as salmon and sardines. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement.


Question: What is osteopenia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Think of it as a midpoint between having healthy bones and having osteoporosis. Osteopenia is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis. Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. Osteopenia -- or seeing it turn into osteoporosis for that matter -- is not inevitable. This condition happens when your body gets rid of more bone than it is creating. Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition.