Question: What are some warning signs of suicide that I should call 911 about for someone with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Some warning signs of suicide include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up lose ends, changing a will Recent worsening of sleep Not sleeping Seeming restless or agitated Think you cannot stop from harming yourself Hear voices telling you to harm yourself Want to commit suicide You know someone who has mentioned wanting to commit suicide


Question: How common is suicide in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: People with bipolar disorder are at great risk for suicide if they are not getting treatment. The National Mental Health Association reports that 30%-70% of suicide victims have suffered from a form of depression. Men commit almost 75% of suicides, even though twice as many women attempt suicide.


Question: What is leukoplakia?

Answer: Leukoplakia is a white or gray patch that develops on the tongue, the inside of the cheek, or on the floor of the mouth. It is the mouth's reaction to chronic irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Leukoplakia patches can also develop on the female genital area; however, the cause of this is unknown.


Question: What are the symptoms of leukoplakia?

Answer: Causes of leukoplakia can include: Irritation from rough teeth, fillings, or crowns, or ill-fitting dentures that rub against your cheek or gum Chronic smoking, pipe smoking, or other tobacco use Sun exposure to the lips Oral cancer (although rare) HIV or AIDS The presence of white or gray colored patches on your tongue, gums, roof of your mouth, or the inside of the cheeks of your mouth may be a sign of leukoplakia. The patch may have developed slowly over weeks to months and be thick, slightly raised, and may eventually take on a hardened and rough texture. It usually is painless, but may be sensitive to touch, heat, spicy foods, or other irritation.


Question: Which tests are used to check for colorectal cancer?

Answer: The recommended screening tests to detect early-stage lesions and polyps for men at average risk include: Fecal occult blood test This test examines the stool for blood not easily noticed by the naked eye.


Question: What is the difference between adenoma and colorectal cancer?

Answer: Other symptoms to look out for if you suspect colon cancer include: Change in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea) Unusual stomach or gas pains Very narrow stool A feeling that the bowel has not emptied completely after passing stool Unexplained weight loss Fatigue An adenoma is a benign, or non-cancerous polyp or growth in the lining of the large intestine. Adenomas are considered to be precursors of colon and rectal cancer. Cancers of the colon and rectum can begin as an adenoma, but few adenomas (only 1 or 2 out of 100) ever become malignant (cancerous).


Question: What is intravenous immunoglobulin therapy used for?

Answer: If you get IVIg, it can help strengthen your immune system so you can fight infections and stay healthy.


Question: How is immunoglobulin delivered?

Answer: During the therapy, prepared immunoglobulin is infused into your veins. A health care provider uses a needle to get into your vein. Then the medicine can flow from a bag through a tube into your arm. This takes about 2 to 4 hours. You'll probably go to an infusion center, hospital, clinic, or doctor's office to get the treatment.


Question: How can intravenous immunoglobulin therapy help?

Answer: In autoimmune diseases like lupus, the treatment may help your body raise low red-blood-cell counts. Not enough of these and you can become anemic and feel very tired. IVIg helps stop the white blood cells of people with lupus from destroying their red blood cells. In people with myositis, the treatment may block your immune system's destruction of muscle cells.


Question: What are the side effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIg)?

Answer: Most people tolerate IVIg well, but side effects can include low-grade fever, muscle or joint aches, and headaches just after your infusion. Call your doctor if you have a headache that doesn't get better after taking medicines. Get emergency medical help right away if you get hives, a tight feeling in your chest, or you wheeze. You might feel your best soon after your treatment, when the highest amount of immunoglobulin is in your body. As your body absorbs it , though, you may start to feel more weak or tired. You might feel your worst just before your next treatment.


Question: Is Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIg) used as a replacement medication or additional medication?

Answer: In some cases, you may take IVIg along with immunosuppressants or other meds.


Question: How often do you have intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?

Answer: Typically you'll have treatments every 3 to 4 weeks to keep your immune system strong. Your blood may break down about half of the immunoglobulin over that period, so you'll need another dose to keep fighting infections.


Question: Who can get intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?

Answer: Both children and adults can have this therapy.


Question: What is the dosage for intravenous immunoglobulin  therapy?

Answer: Your IVIg dosage depends on how much you weigh. The standard starting dosage is 400 to 600 mg/kg of your body weight per month.


Question: What are the side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?

Answer: Most people tolerate IVIg well, but side effects can include low-grade fever, muscle or joint aches, and headaches just after your infusion.


Question: What conditions can cause fainting?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Many different conditions can cause fainting. These include heart problems such as irregular heart beats, seizures, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), anemia (a deficiency in healthy oxygen carrying cells), and problems with how the nervous system (the body's system of nerves) regulates blood pressure. Some types of fainting seem to run in families.


Question: How common is fainting?

Answer: Fainting is a common problem, accounting for 3% of emergency room visits and 6% of hospital admissions. It can happen in otherwise healthy people. A person may feel faint and lightheaded (presyncope) or lose consciousness (syncope).


Question: What does fainting mean?

Answer: Fainting is a particular problem for the elderly who may suffer serious injuries from falls when they faint. Most episodes are very brief. In most cases, the individual who has fainted regains complete consciousness within just a few minutes. Fainting is a common problem, accounting for 3% of emergency room visits and 6% of hospital admissions. It can happen in otherwise healthy people.


Question: What is fainting?

Answer: Heart or blood vessel problems that interfere with blood flow to the brain.


Question: How can conditions that interfere with the parts of the nervous system cause fainting?

Answer: Conditions that interfere with the parts of the nervous system that regulate blood pressure and heart rate. These conditions include diabetes, alcoholism, malnutrition, and amyloidosis (in which waxy protein builds up in the tissues and organs). If you take certain high blood pressure drugs, which act on your blood vessels, you may be more likely to suffer from fainting. If you are dehydrated, which may affect the amount of blood in your body and, thus, your blood pressure, you may be more likely to faint.


Question: How can hyperventilation cause fainting?

Answer: If you become intensely anxious or panicked and breathe too quickly, you may feel faint from hyperventilation (taking in too much oxygen and getting rid of too much carbon dioxide too quickly).


Question: What is a carcinoembryonic antigen test used for?

Answer: The test can often help predict whether the cancer is growing or spreading to other parts of your body. It can also help tell how well your treatment has worked and predict your outlook. Your doctor might give you a CEA test if you're diagnosed with one of these cancers: Bladder Breast Colon and/or rectal Lung Ovarian Pancreatic Stomach Thyroid Doctors don't use the CEA test to make a first-time diagnosis of cancer.


Question: What do results of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test mean?

Answer: A higher-than-normal CEA level that increases over time might signal that your cancer has grown or has come back after treatment. But high levels of CEA do not always mean you have cancer. These other conditions can also increase levels: Breast cysts Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a breathing disorder Infections Inflammatory bowel disease, which causes diarrhea, pain, weight loss Liver disease Lung problems Ulcers Pancreatitis You might also have higher than normal levels if you are pregnant or you smoke.


Question: How is a carcinoembryonic antigen test done?

Answer: The test takes a sample of your blood. It can be done in the doctor's office. The doctor will place a needle into a vein in your arm to draw out the blood. You might feel a slight pinch or sting when the needle goes in. Sometimes doctors will test CEA levels in another bodily fluid, such as: Cerebrospinal (from the spine) Peritoneal (from the abdomen) Pleural (from the area next to the lungs) You may need to go to a hospital for these tests.


Question: What are complications of a carcinoemnbryonic antigen test?

Answer: With the needle stick, you might have: Bleeding Infection Bruising Dizziness Soreness where the needle was placed in your arm Your blood sample will be sent to a lab.


Question: What are treatments for dry eyes and mouth caused by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?

Answer: Dry eyes and mouth: Start with over-the-counter artificial tears. If they don't work, see your eye doctor for prescription drops. You can also find saliva substitutes to help with a dry mouth. Prescription options are available if they don't do the trick. You can also suck on hard candy or chew gum to help with dry mouth.


Question: What are treatments for itchy skin caused by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?

Answer: If it isn't too bad, try over-the-counter antihistamines that contain diphenhydramine. They can make you sleepy, so you might try them if itching keeps you awake at night. If they don't help, your doctor can prescribe something else like cholestyramine ( Novo- Cholamine, Prevalite, Questran), naltrexone ( Revia), rifampin ( Rifadin, Rimactane), and sertraline ( Zoloft).


Question: What can help your tattoo color last?

Answer: When you leave the tattoo shop, your ink will look like a million bucks. It will be bright and shiny. That's not going to last. The tattoo will fade over time. Always put sunscreen on it, especially in the summer, to keep the colors bright -- SPF 45 or higher is best. And moisturize it daily, especially if it's on an area of your body, such as your hands, where it can fade quickly.


Question: How can you help your dehydrated child at home?

Answer: If your child has about any of the following symptoms, he or she may be dehydrated: Headache Nausea/vomiting Pees less Dark yellow pee Overly tired Dizziness/passes out You may be able to help your child rehydrate at home. Have him continue to drink unsweetened fluids. Let him eat. Encourage him to rest. Keep an eye on him for other symptoms.


Question: When should you call a doctor if your child is dehydrated?

Answer: Call the doctor if: Any of his symptoms get worse. He has diarrhea. He is lethargic or sleepier than normal. He seems confused or passes out.


Question: How do I know if my child is dehydrated?

Answer: If your child has about any of the following symptoms, he or she may be dehydrated: Headache Nausea/vomiting Pees less Dark yellow pee Overly tired Dizziness/passes out You may be able to help your child rehydrate at home.


Question: What are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms.


Question: What are complications from folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Most cases of this type of anemia are easily treated. Severe effects are rare. But if you've been without folate for a long time, your risk of having some types of cancer and heart disease goes up. You might also find it harder to get pregnant. Your fertility will likely return to normal once you're getting enough folate again. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption. This happens when the placenta pulls away from the uterus wall and disrupts blood flow to your fetus. It can cause pain and increased bleeding. Your fetus could die. Your unborn child can also be harmed by too little folate. She may have a low birth weight or be born before her due date. She's also more likely to have spina bifida, a disease that causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves.


Question: How is folic acid deficiency anemia treated?

Answer: Folate deficiency anemia is prevented and treated by eating a healthy diet. This includes foods rich in folic acid, such as nuts, leafy green vegetables, enriched breads and cereals, and fruit. Your doctor will also likely prescribe you a daily folic acid supplement. If your folate levels return to normal, you may be able to stop taking it. But some people need a supplement for life.


Question: How is folic acid deficiency anemia diagnosed?

Answer: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. He might also order blood tests and a complete blood count ( CBC) test to measure the number and appearance of your red blood cells. If you have a lack of folate, your red blood cells look large and immature.


Question: What is folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Anemia is a condition that happens when you don't have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body's tissues. One reason could be that you don't have enough hemoglobin to make red blood cells. That's a protein in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. You can also become anemic by not getting enough folate (vitamin B9), the natural form of folic acid found in foods.


Question: What are the symptoms of dissociative fugue?

Answer: A fugue in progress often is difficult for others to recognize because the person's outward behavior appears normal. Symptoms of dissociative fugue might include the following: Sudden and unplanned travel away from home Inability to recall past events or important information from the person's life Confusion or loss of memory about his or her identity, possibly assuming a new identity to make up for the loss Extreme distress and problems with daily functioning (due to the fugue episodes) Dissociative fugue has been linked to severe stress, which might be the result of traumatic events -- such as war, abuse, accidents, disasters, or extreme violence -- that the person has experienced or witnessed.


Question: How is dissociative fugue diagnosed?

Answer: If symptoms of dissociative fugue are present, the doctor will often begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. Although there are no lab tests to specifically diagnose dissociative disorders, the doctor might sometimes recommend various diagnostic tests, such as neuroimaging studies, electroencephalograms ( EEGs), and blood tests, to rule out physical illness or medication side effects if these are suspected as causing the symptoms. Certain conditions -- including brain diseases (such as epilepsy), head injuries, drug and alcohol intoxication, and sleep deprivation -- can lead to symptoms similar to those of dissociative disorders, including amnesia (loss of memory). If no physical illness is found, the person might be referred to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interviews and assessment tools to evaluate a person for a dissociative disorder.


Question: Can dissociative fugue be prevented?

Answer: Treatment also aims to develop new coping methods to prevent further fugue episodes.


Question: What's a rigid bronchoscopy?

Answer: In rigid bronchoscopy, a long metal tube (rigid bronchoscope) is advanced into a person's windpipe and main airways. The rigid bronchoscope's large diameter allows the doctor to use more sophisticated surgical tools and techniques. Rigid bronchoscopy requires general anesthesia (unconsciousness with assisted breathing), similar to a surgical procedure.


Question: What is a flexible bronchoscopy?

Answer: During bronchoscopy, a doctor advances a flexible endoscope (bronchoscope) through a person's mouth or nose into the windpipe. The doctor advances the bronchoscope through the airways in each lung, checking for problems. Images from inside the lung are displayed on a video screen. The bronchoscope has a channel at its tip, through which a doctor can pass small tools. Using these tools, the doctor can perform several other interventional pulmonology procedures.


Question: What is the advantage of interventional pulmonology procedures?

Answer: Interventional pulmonology procedures offer the potential advantage of avoiding more invasive surgery. For example, before interventional pulmonology, biopsy of lymph nodes in the chest required chest wall surgery.


Question: What is a balloon bronchoplasty?

Answer: A doctor advances a deflated balloon into a section of abnormally narrowed airway. By inflating the balloon with water, the airway is expanded, potentially relieving symptoms. Balloon bronchoplasty may be performed prior to airway stent placement to help expand a bronchus.


Question: What is bronchoalveolar lavage?

Answer: Bronchoalveolar lavage is performed during bronchoscopy. Sterile water is injected through the bronchoscope into a segment of the lung. The fluid is then suctioned back and sent for tests. Bronchoalveolar lavage can help diagnose infection, cancer, bleeding, and other conditions.


Question: What is bronchoscopic thermoplasty?

Answer: Thermoplasty is an interventional pulmonology procedure for certain people with severe asthma that can't be controlled with medications. During bronchoscopy, a doctor applies a heat probe to the walls of the airways. The heat destroys the smooth muscle layers whose constriction contributes to asthma symptoms.


Question: What is pleurodesis?

Answer: Pleurodesis is an interventional pulmonology procedure performed for people with recurring pleural effusions (fluid around the lungs). In pleurodesis, a doctor makes an incision in the chest wall. A plastic tube is inserted into the chest cavity, and an irritating chemical is sprayed around the lung. Over time, the inflamed lung lining (pleura) adheres tightly to the chest wall. This prevents fluid from reaccumulating around the lung.


Question: How can you tell if you have swimmer's ear?

Answer: If it hurts when you tug or press your ear, you may have swimmer's ear.


Question: Why do people get swimmer's ear?

Answer: Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer's ear on its own. You can thank your earwax for that. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection.


Question: What things can play a role in swimmer's ear?

Answer: Other things can play a role in swimmer's ear, like: Your age. While swimmer's ear can happen to anyone, it's most common in kids and early teenagers. Narrow ear canals. Kids often have ear canals that are small and don't drain as well. Skin reactions and conditions. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. So can skin problems like eczema and psoriasis.


Question: What causes swimmer's ear and what are the symptoms?

Answer: Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. Symptoms you may get are: Itchiness in the ear Pain, which can become severe Trouble hearing (sound may seem muffled as your ear canal swells) Fluid or pus draining out of the ear Here's one way to tell which type of ear infection you have.


Question: Is swimmer's ear an ear infection?

Answer: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. Those are middle ear infections, or "otitis media" in doctor speak, and they happen deeper in the ear, behind the eardrum.


Question: How is swimmer's ear diagnosed and treated?

Answer: If you have ear pain, don't wait -- see your doctor right away. Getting treatment quickly can stop an infection from getting worse. During your appointment, your doctor will look in your ear and may gently clean it out. This will help treatments work better. Then, you'll probably get eardrops that may have antibiotics, steroids, or other ingredients to fight the infection and help with swelling. In some cases, you may need to take antibiotic pills, too.


Question: I'm perimenopausal and have been told I should be taking low-dose birth control pills. Why?

Answer: Compared to regular birth control pills, the lower dose of estrogen in very-low-dose pills may be safer for perimenopausal women. ( Perimenopause typically begins several years before your final period.) While regular birth control pills contain 30 to 50 micrograms of estrogen, these low-dose pills contain only 0.3 to 0.45 micrograms and can be increased as needed.


Question: What can I do about painful sex   since menopause?

Answer: The pain you are experiencing during sex is may be due to vaginal dryness associated with declining estrogen levels during menopause. Talk to your doctor about possible causes of painful intercourse. There are a number of lubricants you can try to relieve the symptoms. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a suggestion. There are also local estrogen treatments -- cream, tablets, and an estrogen ring -- that treat vaginal dryness. A oral drug taken once a day, Osphena, is also available. The drug makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile, resulting in less pain for women during sex.


Question: Should I be concerned about birth control now that I've begun menopause?

Answer: Until you have gone one year without a period, you should still use birth control if you do not want to become pregnant. After menopause, you should continue to practice safe sex techniques by using latex condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.


Question: Are hot flashes different for different women?

Answer: While hot flashes (or flushes) are very common in perimenopause, not all women experience them, and not all flashes are of the same intensity. Hot flashes can be as mild as a light blush or severe enough to wake you from a sound sleep and be associated with perspiration (called night sweats). Most hot flashes last 30 seconds to five minutes. They usually disappear within a few years after menopause, but in some women they can continue for decades.


Question: What are some of the benefits of taking low-dose birth control pills?

Answer: In addition to preventing pregnancy, the pills can often regulate heavy or irregular menstrual periods and may provide protection from ovarian and uterine cancer. The pills may also prevent bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis. However, women with a history of breast cancer, blood clots, or heart disease, or women who smoke, should not take these pills.


Question: Besides hormone replacement therapy, how can I treat hot flashes?

Answer: While HRT relieves hot flashes for many women, there are other drug treatments that may offer relief. These include both over-the-counter and prescription therapies you may recognize for their more common medical uses. Over-the-counter therapies include various vitamins, ibuprofen products, and soy protein found in foods. Prescription treatments include: HRT Low-dose depression drugs fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), or venlafaxine ( Effexor) Clonidine, blood pressure medication Gabapentin, anti-seizure drug Brisdelle, a paroxetine formula specifically for hot flashes Duavee, a conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene formula designed to treat hot flashes Natural or bioidentical supplements containing compounds that act like estrogens -- such as soybeans or wild yams -- may provide some of the benefits of estrogen in relieving menopausal symptoms.


Question: What ingredients are in dandruff shampoo?

Answer: Not all dandruff shampoos are alike. Some have different active ingredients, such as: Coal tar preparations ( Denorex Therapeutic Protection, Neutrogena T/ Gel, Scytera) Pyrithione zinc ( Selsun Blue for Itchy Dry Scalp, Neutrogena T/ Gel Daily Control Dandruff Shampoo, Head & Shoulders) Salicylic acid and sulfur ( Sebex, Sebulex) Salicylic acid ( Neutrogena T/ Sal ) Selenium sulfide ( Dandrex, Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength, Selsun) Ketoconazole ( Extina, Nizoral A- D, Xolegel) You may need to switch between types of shampoos if one type controls the dandruff at first but later loses its effectiveness.


Question: When should I see a doctor about dandruff?

Answer: If you're still scratching and shedding after trying over-the-counter preparations, see your doctor. For really stubborn dandruff cases, you may need to use a prescription shampoo or topical medication.


Question: How should I use dandruff shampoos?

Answer: When shampooing your hair, rub the shampoo into your scalp well. Leave the shampoo on your head for 5 minutes, or as directed, before you rinse. Rinse thoroughly. Any leftover shampoo may irritate your skin. Once your dandruff is under control, you may be able to use the dandruff shampoo less frequently.


Question: How is dandruff treated?

Answer: Two of the quickest ways to get started are to brush your hair and try a dandruff shampoo. Brush your hair from your scalp down with steady, firm strokes. This will carry the oil from your scalp, where the buildup of oil and skin cells can cause dandruff, along the hair strands, where it will keep your hair shiny and healthy.


Question: What can I do to prevent denture problems?

Answer: Wearing dentures can be difficult at first. It may take time to get used to them. But you can prevent denture problems by taking good care of your dentures and seeing your dentist every six months for regular checkups. If you notice changes to the way your dentures fit or any other mouth problems, see your dentist right away.


Question: Who should I call if I have problems with my dentures?

Answer: Otherwise, the following problems may occur: Gum and mouth irritation Problems eating and speaking Dentures that move around in your mouth Mouth infections If you have problems with your dentures, see your dentist right away. Your dentures may need to be adjusted or replaced.


Question: What are some tips for cleaning your dentures?

Answer: Here are some tips for cleaning your dentures: Soak your dentures overnight in a denture cleaner. Thoroughly clean them each morning before putting them in your mouth. Use a soft-bristled brush or special denture-cleaning brush. You can use plain soap and warm water or ask your dentist to recommend a denture cleaner. Never use powdered household cleaners or bleach on your dentures, nor toothpaste, which is too abrasive.


Question: What are common problems when using dentures?

Answer: If you wear dentures, it is very important you keep your mouth clean and healthy. You should also only wear dentures that fit properly. Otherwise, the following problems may occur: Gum and mouth irritation Problems eating and speaking Dentures that move around in your mouth Mouth infections If you have problems with your dentures, see your dentist right away.


Question: Are there tips for living an easier life with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Tips for Living With MS Take advantage of simple lifestyle changes to ease your multiple sclerosis symptoms. Some of the keys to a smoother day: Improve your sleep habits, eat healthy food, and get smart with technology.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be stress?

Answer: Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. This amps up your feeling of hunger. Many people under stress also crave foods high in sugar, fat, or both. It may be your body's attempt to "shut off" the part of your brain that causes you to worry. Other symptoms include: Angry outbursts Fatigue Headache Sleep problems Upset stomach Not all foods fill you up the same way.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be because I am pregnant?

Answer: Many moms-to-be notice a huge leap in appetite. This is your body's way of making sure the baby gets enough nutrients to grow. Most women gain between 4 and 6 pounds during the first 3 months (your doctor will call this the first trimester) and then 1 pound a week during the second and third. Other signs that you might be pregnant are: A missed period The need to pee often Upset stomach Sore breasts or breasts that get bigger The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck.


Question: Is my hunger caused by diabetes?

Answer: Your body turns the sugar in food into fuel called glucose. But when you have diabetes, glucose can't reach your cells. Your body pees it out instead and tells you to eat more. People who have type 1 diabetes, in particular, may eat large amounts of food and still lose weight. In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels.


Question: What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Answer: In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels.


Question: Is my hunger caused by stress?

Answer: Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. This amps up your feeling of hunger. Many people under stress also crave foods high in sugar, fat, or both. It may be your body's attempt to "shut off" the part of your brain that causes you to worry. Other symptoms include: Angry outbursts Fatigue Headache Sleep problems Upset stomach Not all foods fill you up the same way.


Question: Is my hunger caused by lack of sleep?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. People who are sleep-deprived have a bigger appetite and find it harder to feel full. You're also more likely to crave high-fat, high-calorie foods when you're tired. Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol.


Question: Is my hunger caused by my medication?

Answer: Some drugs can make you want to eat more than usual. Antihistamines, which treat allergies, are known for this, as are antidepressants called SSRIs, steroids, some diabetes medicines, and antipsychotic drugs. If you've gained weight since you started a medication, the medicine could be making you feel hungry. Talk to you doctor to find out what other drugs might work for you.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be low blood sugar?

Answer: In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. It's a common concern for people with diabetes, but other health problems can cause it, too. They include hepatitis, kidney disorders, neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas (insulinomas), and problems with your adrenal or pituitary glands.


Question: What are the symptoms of low blood sugar?

Answer: In severe cases, people with hypoglycemia may seem drunk. They may slur their words and have trouble walking. Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be my medication?

Answer: Some drugs can make you want to eat more than usual. Antihistamines, which treat allergies, are known for this, as are antidepressants called SSRIs, steroids, some diabetes medicines, and antipsychotic drugs. If you've gained weight since you started a medication, the medicine could be making you feel hungry. Talk to you doctor to find out what other drugs might work for you.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be lack of sleep?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. People who are sleep-deprived have a bigger appetite and find it harder to feel full. You're also more likely to crave high-fat, high-calorie foods when you're tired. Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol.


Question: If I am always hungry, could it be diabetes?

Answer: Your body turns the sugar in food into fuel called glucose. But when you have diabetes, glucose can't reach your cells. Your body pees it out instead and tells you to eat more. People who have type 1 diabetes, in particular, may eat large amounts of food and still lose weight.


Question: Is my hunger caused by low blood sugar?

Answer: In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. It's a common concern for people with diabetes, but other health problems can cause it, too. They include hepatitis, kidney disorders, neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas (insulinomas), and problems with your adrenal or pituitary glands. In severe cases, people with hypoglycemia may seem drunk. They may slur their words and have trouble walking. Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger.


Question: Is my hunger caused by diet soda?

Answer: But the fake sugar in these drinks tells your brain to expect calories it can use for fuel. When your body doesn't get any, it turns on your "hunger switch" and tells you to get calories from food instead. If diet soda is making you hungry, you may also notice: Headaches Sugar cravings Weight gain Are you hungry or just thirsty?


Question: When does cradle cap (seborrhea) usually show up in babies?

Answer: Greasy, yellowish crusts appear on the scalp and may include a red, irritating rash on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, and even in the armpits. Your doctor will tell you how to best treat this common condition, depending on your baby's symptoms.


Question: How often do new rashes appear in newborns?

Answer: New rashes may appear in babies after a few days, weeks, or even months.


Question: When should you worry about your newborn's rash?

Answer: While most rashes are not serious, a few need very close attention: Fluid-filled blisters (especially ones with opaque, yellowish fluid) can indicate a serious infection, like a bacterial infection or herpes. Small red or purplish dots over the body (''petechiae'') can be caused by a viral infection or a potentially very serious bacterial infection. These will not lighten with pressure. Any infant with possible petechiae should be evaluated by a doctor immediately.


Question: What are salmon patches in newborns?

Answer: Salmon patches (called a ''stork bite'' at the back of the neck or an ''angel's kiss'' between the eyes) are simple nests of blood vessels (probably caused by maternal hormones) that fade on their own after a few weeks or months. Occasionally, stork bites never go away.


Question: What are Mongolian spots in newborns?

Answer: Mongolian spots are very common in any part of the body of dark-skinned babies. They are flat, gray-blue in color (almost looking like a bruise), and can be small or large. They are caused by some pigment that didn't make it to the top layer when baby's skin was being formed. They are harmless and usually fade away by school age.


Question: What causes little white bumps on the nose and face of your newborn?

Answer: When a baby's oil glands enlarge and open up in a few days or weeks, the white bumps disappear.


Question: How can medical alert systems help with caregiving?

Answer: Medical alert systems have a bracelet or pendant with an alarm button. When your loved one presses the button -- if they fall or are in trouble -- an operator at a call center answers. Depending on the company you choose, they'll notify a specific person or an emergency service, or perhaps talk through a device like a speakerphone. Some wearables might detect that the person has fallen, too. You may also be able to get more help buttons that you can place around their home, like near the bath, in case they aren't wearing their device.


Question: What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?

Answer: Acute osteomyelitis develops rapidly over a period of seven to 10 days. The symptoms for acute and chronic osteomyelitis are very similar and include: Fever, irritability, fatigue Nausea Tenderness, redness, and warmth in the area of the infection Swelling around the affected bone Lost range of motion Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae makes itself known through severe back pain, especially at night.


Question: How can you recover from osteomyelitis?

Answer: The sooner you treat osteomyelitis, the better. In cases of acute osteomyelitis, early treatment prevents the condition from becoming a chronic problem that requires ongoing treatment. Besides the pain and inconvenience of repeated infections, getting osteomyelitis under control early provides the best chance for recovery.


Question: How can you prevent osteomyelitis?

Answer: The best way to prevent osteomyelitis is to keep things clean. If you or your child has a cut, especially a deep cut, wash it completely. Flush out any open wound under running water for five minutes, then bandage it in sterile bandages.


Question: How is osteomyelitis treated?

Answer: Antibiotics help bring the infection under control and often make it possible to avoid surgery. People with osteomyelitis usually get antibiotics for several weeks through an IV, and then switch to a pill. More serious or chronic osteomyelitis requires surgery to remove the infected tissue and bone. Osteomyelitis surgery prevents the infection from spreading further or getting so bad that amputation is the only remaining option.


Question: What should you do if you have chronic osteomyelitis?

Answer: If you have chronic osteomyelitis, make sure your doctor knows about your medical history so you can work together to keep the condition under control. If you have diabetes, pay close attention to your feet and contact your doctor at the first sign of infection.


Question: What is osteomyelitis?

Answer: Bones can become infected in a number of ways: Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone, or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection.


Question: Who gets osteomyelitis?

Answer: Only 2 out of every 10,000 people get osteomyelitis. The condition affects children and adults, although in different ways. Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection.


Question: What is osteomyelitis like in children?

Answer: In children, osteomyelitis is usually acute. Acute osteomyelitis comes on quickly, is easier to treat, and overall turns out better than chronic osteomyelitis. In children, osteomyelitis usually shows up in arm or leg bones.


Question: What is osteomyelitis like in adults?

Answer: In adults, osteomyelitis can be either acute or chronic. People with diabetes, HIV, or peripheral vascular disease are more prone to chronic osteomyelitis, which persists or recurs, despite treatment. Whether chronic or acute, osteomyelitis often affects an adult's pelvis or vertebrae of the spine. It can also occur in the feet, especially in a person with diabetes.


Question: What are risks of taking methadone?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it. Your brain may begin to rely on the pain relief it brings. Even though the effects are milder than other opioids, your body can still adapt to it. This means that you'll need to take more to feel the same relief from pain or withdrawal symptoms, which can lead to abuse and addiction. Your doctor will call this tolerance. No two people react the same to methadone. Your doctor calculates the dose that's right for you. Changing it can lead to dangerous side effects or an overdose.


Question: Which drugs can affect how methadone works?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it.


Question: What are symptoms of a methadone overdose?

Answer: Overdose symptoms can include: Slow breathing Slow heart rate Severe drowsiness Weak muscles Cold, clammy skin Small pupils Fainting In some cases, overdose can be fatal. It's important to be honest with your doctor about your methadone use.


Question: Who should not take methadone?

Answer: Some people shouldn't take methadone. Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it.


Question: How are electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used for mixed features of bipolar episode?

Answer: Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its frightening reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is an effective treatment for any phase of bipolar disorder, including manic episodes with mixed features. ECT can be helpful if medication fails or can't be used.


Question: How are mood stabilizers used for mixed features of bipolar episode?

Answer: Mood Stabilizers While lithium is often considered a gold standard treatment for mania, it may be less effective when mania and depression occur simultaneously, as in a manic episode with mixed features. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. It can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for acute manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other lab test results must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproic acid ( Depakote) is an antiseizure medication that also levels out moods in bipolar disorder. It has a more rapid onset of action, and in some studies has been shown to be more effective than lithium for the treatment of manic episodes with mixed features. Some other antiseizure drugs, such as and carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), are also effective mood stabilizers.


Question: How does psychotherapy treat depression?

Answer: In addition to the help and support you get from your therapist and/or doctor, there are a few things you can do on your own that will help you feel better: Stay physically active.


Question: How do antidepressants treat depression?

Answer: Antidepressants work by affecting brain chemicals called neurotransmitters and nerve cell pathways or circuits in the brain that regulate mood. Antidepressants effectively treat depression in many people who take them. However, they can take four to six weeks to notice an effect, so it's important to be patient. Antidepressants sometimes can also have side effects, including weight gain and sexual problems. It may take some time to find the right medication that works best for you with the fewest side effects.


Question: What are the treatments for depression?

Answer: Depression treatment involves either antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or both. People with mild to moderate depression can benefit from therapy alone. Aerobic exercise is also sometimes recommended as an effective treatment for mild to moderate forms of depression. People with more severe depression usually do better with medication and therapy. Note that once you start treatment, you may notice improvements in symptoms such as sleep or appetite before you begin to feel less depressed.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible. If they last more than 24 hours, go to the hospital. Sometimes it doesn't cause any symptoms. If you're at risk, talk to your doctor about your chances for having AFib, and get regular checkups.


Question: What is atrial fibrillation (AFib) linked to?

Answer: Other heart problems can make it more likely: Heart disease due to high blood pressure Heart valve disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Heart defect from birth (congenital heart defect) Heart failure Past heart surgery People with certain medical conditions have a greater chance, too: Long-term lung disease (such as COPD) Overactive thyroid gland Sleep apnea Medicines (including adenosine, digitalis, and theophylline) can raise the chance of having AFib. Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible.


Question: What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible.


Question: Who can get atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: It's more common in people 60 and older. Other heart problems can make it more likely: Heart disease due to high blood pressure Heart valve disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Heart defect from birth (congenital heart defect) Heart failure Past heart surgery People with certain medical conditions have a greater chance, too: Long-term lung disease (such as COPD) Overactive thyroid gland Sleep apnea Medicines (including adenosine, digitalis, and theophylline) can raise the chance of having AFib.


Question: Is it safe to give cow's milk to babies under age 1?

Answer: It doesn't have enough iron, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids for your baby. Also, it contains too much protein, sodium, and potassium for your child's body to absorb and can cause harm. Wait to introduce cow's milk until your baby is 1 year old. You also don't want to give your baby soy milk or homemade formula. These substitutes may not have the balance of nutrition baby needs right now.


Question: What fortifiers are added to the milk for babies who need special nutrition?

Answer: Babies who were born early (before 37 weeks) or at a low birth weight (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) need special nutrition to help them catch up on growth. Breast-fed babies may get a fortifier added to the milk, which contains: Extra calories Extra fat Protein Vitamins Minerals Babies who can't breast-feed will need a special formula made for preterm babies. These formulas are higher in calories. They also contain extra protein, vitamins, and minerals.


Question: How important are nucleotides in nutrition for infants?

Answer: These building blocks of RNA and DNA are also found in breast milk and added to some formulas. They are thought to boost the baby's immune system and help the digestive organs develop.


Question: How important are essential fatty acids in infant formulas?

Answer: They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids. ARA and DHA are fatty acids that are important for the baby's brain and vision. They're naturally found in breast milk when the mother includes them in her own diet. Many formulas add them. Yet there's not a lot of evidence that formulas supplemented with fatty acids offer kids any real advantages as they grow.


Question: What are formulas for infants made of?

Answer: They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines help for a cough?

Answer: You have two main choices in the cold-and-flu aisle: Cough suppressants , like dextromethorphan, can provide relief for a short time. They work on the part of your brain that controls the process. Expectorants, like guaifenesin, can break up congestion in your chest by thinning the mucus in your airways. This way, when you do cough, you can get rid of phlegm more easily. Drink plenty of water if you take this medicine.


Question: Can over-the-counter medicines cure a cold?

Answer: Over-the-counter medicines won't cure your cold, but they might make you feel better, so you can rest as it runs its course.


Question: Can I take over-the-counter medicines for fever, aches, and a sore throat?

Answer: These symptoms are usually mild with a cold compared to a more serious illness, like the flu. Still, if you feel bad and can't rest, most experts agree it's OK to take something to ease pain and lower a fever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Always check drug labels for side effects, and follow the instructions for taking the medicine. Make sure it won't mix poorly with any other medications you're taking or health problems you have -- ask your doctor or pharmacist if you're not sure.


Question: Can tobacco cause cancer?

Answer: It doesn't matter whether you're a smoker or breathing in someone else's smoke. At least 70 chemicals in tobacco are known to cause cancer by damaging your DNA. Smokeless tobacco may seem safer, but it can lead to cancer, too. Even light smoking raises your risk, so talk to your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: Can drinking lots of alcohol raise your chances of getting cancer?

Answer: The more booze you drink, the greater your odds of getting certain kinds of cancers, such as: Head and neck Esophageal Breast Liver Colorectal One reason for this may be carcinogenic chemicals produced when beer, wine, and hard liquor are made. Experts suggest women have no more than one drink each day and men no more than two.


Question: Is processed meat linked to colon cancer?

Answer: Bacon, salami, pepperoni, sausage -- any meat that's been preserved or flavored raises your chances of getting colon cancer. Experts reached that view by looking at more than 800 studies. Eating a hot dog every once in a while is fine, but limit how much processed meat you have as much as you can.


Question: What are the goals of palliative care?

Answer: The goals are: Relieve pain and other symptoms Address your emotional and spiritual concerns, and those of your caregivers Coordinate your care Improve your quality of life during your illness For example, a palliative care doctor may prescribe medications and other therapies to treat pain, constipation, shortness of breath, and other symptoms.


Question: What services can a palliative care team provide?

Answer: Your palliative care team can provide the following services: Expert treatment of pain and other symptoms Open discussion about treatment choices for your illness (including difficult and complex choices) and management of your symptoms Coordination of your care with all of your health care providers Help with navigating the health care system Help with making a smooth transition from the hospital to home care or a nursing home Emotional, spiritual, and practical support for you and your family Here are questions to ask your palliative care team, according to the Center to Advance Palliative Care: What can I expect from palliative care?


Question: What are some questions to ask your palliative care team?

Answer: Your palliative care team can provide the following services: Expert treatment of pain and other symptoms Open discussion about treatment choices for your illness (including difficult and complex choices) and management of your symptoms Coordination of your care with all of your health care providers Help with navigating the health care system Help with making a smooth transition from the hospital to home care or a nursing home Emotional, spiritual, and practical support for you and your family Here are questions to ask your palliative care team, according to the Center to Advance Palliative Care: What can I expect from palliative care? Where will I receive my care (for example, in the hospital, home, nursing home, or hospice?) Who will be part of my palliative care team? What are your recommendations for my care? What will you do if I experience severe pain or uncomfortable symptoms? How will you communicate with my other doctors? What decisions will my family or I need to make? Will you be able to help explain the issues involved in making these decisions? Will you communicate candidly about my illness with me and my family?


Question: Who is on a palliative care team?

Answer: In general, the interdisciplinary palliative care team includes a doctor, a nurse, and a social worker. But other experts often fill out the team, according to a patient's needs. These include chaplains, counselors, pharmacists, dietitians, rehabilitation specialists, physical therapists, music and art therapists, and home health aides.


Question: What are examples of what a palliative care team might do?

Answer: The goals are: Relieve pain and other symptoms Address your emotional and spiritual concerns, and those of your caregivers Coordinate your care Improve your quality of life during your illness For example, a palliative care doctor may prescribe medications and other therapies to treat pain, constipation, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. A social worker may coordinate your care and serve as an advocate on behalf of you and your family. A chaplain may offer spiritual support and help you to explore your beliefs and values. The palliative care team can also help your family by offering medical information, emotional support, and home care assistance.


Question: Should you apply cold or heat if you have cervical disc disease?

Answer: Generally, the recommendation is to use ice for the first 24 to 48 hours after an injury to reduce swelling, followed by heat to loosen muscles and improve stiffness. But with cervical disc disease, neither heat nor cold is going to penetrate deeply enough to actually relieve the inflammation, so use whichever feels best. Regardless of whether you choose cold or heat, keep it on for only about 20 minutes at a time and then leave it off for at least 40 minutes. Wrap the ice or heat source in a towel -- never put it directly against your skin or you could wind up with a nasty burn.


Question: How can stretching help with cervical disc disease?

Answer: Once you are feeling well enough and your doctor gives permission, practice stretching exercises to both relieve neck pain and improve your flexibility. It's best to perform these exercises after warming up muscles with a warm shower, bath, or towel.


Question: How does Acitretin treat psoriasis?

Answer: On its own, it works well to treat pustular psoriasis -- a breakout of sore, red blisters or pus bumps -- and erythrodermic psoriasis in which most of your skin looks very red and peels as if it's burned. This medication can cause serious birth defects even after you stop taking it. Don't take it if you're pregnant or plan to get pregnant within 3 years.


Question: What are systemic drugs?

Answer: If you have moderate to severe psoriasis, your doctor may suggest a systemic drug -- medicine that affects your whole body. They're typically used when the skin condition covers more than 5% to 10% of your body and other treatments haven't worked.


Question: How does Methotrexate treat psoriasis?

Answer: This drug eases symptoms by curbing your immune system and slowing the growth of skin cells. You take it once a week either by mouth or in a shot, and you should notice changes after 4 to 6 weeks. But this drug can have serious side effects. At first, you might have nausea or fatigue, and over time, it can damage your liver and blood cells. Tell your doctor about any other health issues you have. Methotrexate isn't safe for people who have anemia or liver disease. You should also watch how much alcohol you drink. Even one glass a day while you're on it can cause liver problems. You'll need regular blood tests so your doctor can check on your blood cells and liver. You'll need to take it with daily folic acid to reduce side effects. Both men and women should stop taking it if they plan to start a family.


Question: What FDA-approved biologics are used to treat psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: If you have moderate to severe psoriasis, your doctor may suggest a systemic drug -- medicine that affects your whole body.


Question: How often should I take methotrexate to treat severe psoriasis?

Answer: You take it once a week either by mouth or in a shot, and you should notice changes after 4 to 6 weeks.


Question: Are there risks in taking cyclosporine for severe psoriasis?

Answer: It also can lead to kidney problems, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. You shouldn't take it if you have a weak immune system or if you're breastfeeding. You should also avoid it if you're treating your psoriasis with a form of phototherapy called PUVA.


Question: Are there side effects of methotrexate used to treat severe psoriasis?

Answer: But this drug can have serious side effects. At first, you might have nausea or fatigue, and over time, it can damage your liver and blood cells.


Question: Can I take methotrexate if I'm thinking about starting a family?

Answer: Both men and women should stop taking it if they plan to start a family.


Question: How does Apremilast treat psoriasis?

Answer: This is a newer drug used just for diseases that cause long-term inflammation, like psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It shuts down an enzyme in your immune system, and that slows other reactions that lead to inflammation. It comes in pill form.


Question: How does Cyclosporine treat psoriasis?

Answer: Cyclosporine. This drug lowers your immune system. It also slows skin cell growth. It's used only for severe cases of psoriasis when nothing else seems to work. You take it by mouth. While it can help clear psoriasis, cyclosporine's benefits typically end when you stop taking it. It also can lead to kidney problems, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. You shouldn't take it if you have a weak immune system or if you're breastfeeding. You should also avoid it if you're treating your psoriasis with a form of phototherapy called PUVA. Because of the side effects, experts don't recommend taking the drug for more than a year at a time.


Question: Do systemic drugs have side effects in treating moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: While systemic treatment can help, many can cause serious side effects. Your doctor will want to keep a close eye on you while you take the medicine.


Question: How does acitretin treat moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: These are made from vitamin A and affect the way your skin cells grow and are shed. Most doctors prescribe one called acitretin ( Soriatane). If you have plaque psoriasis -- inflamed, red skin with silvery scales -- a retinoid works best when used with phototherapy. On its own, it works well to treat pustular psoriasis -- a breakout of sore, red blisters or pus bumps -- and erythrodermic psoriasis in which most of your skin looks very red and peels as if it's burned.


Question: How do you take cyclosporine for severe psoriasis?

Answer: You take it by mouth. While it can help clear psoriasis, cyclosporine's benefits typically end when you stop taking it.


Question: When are systemic drugs used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: If you have moderate to severe psoriasis, your doctor may suggest a systemic drug -- medicine that affects your whole body. They're typically used when the skin condition covers more than 5% to 10% of your body and other treatments haven't worked.


Question: Is apremilast used to treat severe psoriasis?

Answer: This is a newer drug used just for diseases that cause long-term inflammation, like psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It shuts down an enzyme in your immune system, and that slows other reactions that lead to inflammation. It comes in pill form.


Question: How does acitretin treat moderate to severe psoriasis on its own?

Answer: On its own, it works well to treat pustular psoriasis -- a breakout of sore, red blisters or pus bumps -- and erythrodermic psoriasis in which most of your skin looks very red and peels as if it's burned.


Question: Where do cases of Lyme disease happen?

Answer: â It won't stop in the foreseeable future.â Most cases are clustered in 14 states in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, but Lyme has been reported as far south as Mexico, and increasingly, in Canada.


Question: What is the best way to prevent a tick bite to avoid Lyme disease?

Answer: Ticks can't fly or jump, but instead live in shrubs and bushes, and grab onto someone when they pass by. To avoid getting bitten: Wear pants and socks in the woods, areas with lots of trees, and while handling fallen leaves Wear a tick repellent on your skin and clothing that has DEET, lemon oil, or eucalyptus. For even more protection, use the chemical permethrin on clothing and camping gear. Shower within 2 hours after coming inside, if possible. Look at your skin and wash ticks out of your hair. Put your clothing and any exposed gear into a hot dryer to kill whatever pests might remain.


Question: What do I do if there's a tick under my skin with Lyme disease?

Answer: If parts of the tick remain in the skin, also try to remove them with the tweezers. After everything is out, clean the bite area with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Mead says you're not likely to get infected if you remove the tick within 36 to 48 hours. Some people have an allergic reaction to ticks, so they'll notice a bite right away.


Question: How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

Answer: Doctors diagnose it based on symptoms and a history of tick exposure. Two-step blood tests are helpful if used correctly. But the accuracy of the test depends on when you got infected. In the first few weeks of infection, the test may be negative, as antibodies take a few weeks to develop. Tests aren't recommended for patients who don't have Lyme disease symptoms.


Question: Who shouldn't take hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: If you have these conditions, you may want to avoid HRT: Blood clots Cancer (such as breast, uterine, or endometrial) Heart or liver disease Heart attack Known or suspected pregnancy Stroke HRT comes with side effects.


Question: What is hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: During menopause, your estrogen levels fall. Some women get uncomfortable symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness. HRT (also known as hormone therapy, menopausal hormone therapy, and estrogen replacement therapy) is the most effective treatment for menopause symptoms.


Question: What is apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Taking apple cider vinegar at full strength could erode the enamel of the teeth and burn the mouth and throat. Throat injury from an apple cider vinegar tablet has also been reported.


Question: How can support groups help with dental fear?

Answer: Most communities have support groups that offer practical tips and coping skills in addition to emotional support for those who suffer from anxiety or phobias. Ask your dentist if he or she can assist in finding a support group in your area.


Question: How can cognitive behavior help dental fear?

Answer: This approach teaches patients how to calm their mind and body and change negative or harmful thinking patterns so that they can feel better, think more clearly, make better decisions and overcome fears.


Question: How can general anesthesia help with dental pain?

Answer: With this technique, the patient is "put to sleep" for the duration of the procedure. Patients requiring general anesthesia can be treated in the dentist's office, but more likely are treated in a hospital setting. This is because this type of anesthesia has risks, which include a sudden drop in blood pressure and irregular heartbeats, so the patient needs to be closely monitored. For these reasons, general anesthesia is typically only used if extensive dental work is needed and when other forms of sedation or pain control are not sufficient to conquer fear.


Question: How can laser drills control dental pain?

Answer: Some dentists are now using lasers to remove decay within a tooth and prepare the surrounding enamel for placement of the filling. Lasers may cause less pain in some instances and result in a reduced need for anesthesia.


Question: How can demtophobia clinics help dental fear?

Answer: These are clinics, staffed by therapists, who specialize in helping those with severe anxiety.


Question: How can systematic desensitization help dental fear?

Answer: With this technique, patients are gradually exposed to the things they are afraid of -- for instance, in this case, the dental office and dental instruments.


Question: How can relaxation techniques help control dental pain?

Answer: Studies have shown that practicing relaxation techniques helps reduce pain and anxiety levels in patients. There are many types of relaxation strategies. Some of the more common include: Guided imagery.


Question: How can deep breathing help control dental pain?

Answer: This technique involves breathing deeply and slowly, which floods the body with oxygen and other chemicals that work on the central nervous system and improve your comfort.


Question: How can mental health therapy help with dental fear?

Answer: Working with mental health professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, is another worthwhile option to consider for those with severe anxiety and phobias. The types of therapies that might be tried in this setting include: Systematic desensitization. With this technique, patients are gradually exposed to the things they are afraid of -- for instance, in this case, the dental office and dental instruments. Cognitive behavior therapy. This approach teaches patients how to calm their mind and body and change negative or harmful thinking patterns so that they can feel better, think more clearly, make better decisions and overcome fears. Psychotherapy. This is a process by which patients increase their personal awareness and come to an understanding of and make peace with the difficult events or fears from their past.


Question: How are podiatrists educated?

Answer: Podiatrists are doctors, but they don't go to traditional medical school. They have their own schools and professional associations. They also have " DPM" (doctor of podiatric medicine) after their names instead of " MD" (medical doctor). Podiatrists can do surgery, reset broken bones, prescribe drugs, and order lab tests or X-rays. They often work closely with other specialists when a problem affects your feet or lower legs. In the U. S., podiatrists are licensed and regulated by state governments.


Question: How long do podiatrists attend podiatry school?

Answer: Most get a bachelor's degree in biology or a similar field of science. Then they go to podiatry school for 4 years. They study how bones, nerves, and muscles work together to help you move. They also study the illnesses and injuries that can affect your feet. That includes how to diagnose them and treat them and how to fix the feet with surgery if needed.


Question: How do podiatrists treat arthritis?

Answer: This results from inflammation, swelling, and wear and tear on your joints. Each foot has 33 joints. A podiatrist might recommend physical therapy, drugs, or special shoes or inserts to help with your arthritis. Surgery also might be an option if other treatments don't work well for you.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of genital warts in men?

Answer: In men, the warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus. For men, there's no reliable test that can find the virus responsible for genital warts. You'll need to ask your doctor for an exam or get regular exams. In both men and women, genital warts can also show up on the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat.


Question: When should you see your doctor about genital warts?

Answer: See your doctor right away if you or your partner develops bumps or warts in the genital area or if: You have an abnormal discharge from your vagina or penis You have burning, pain, or bleeding when urinating or during sex Your partner is diagnosed with genital warts or is having some of the symptoms Your child has genital warts Your doctor will ask a number of questions, such as: Do you practice safe sex?


Question: What can't I eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Magee's medical nutrition series includes the best-selling Tell Me What to Eat If I Have Diabetes (over 300,000 copies sold), Tell Me What to Eat If I Have Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Tell Me What to Eat If I Have Acid Reflux, and four others.


Question: What can I do if one of my recipes doesn't have enough carbs?

Answer: Magee wrote a syndicated column, The Recipe Doctor, for more than a decade, performing nutritional âmakeoversâ on America's favorite recipes.


Question: When should you call a health care provider about a sunburn?

Answer: Call a health care provider if: The burn has blisters or the skin is white-appearing or numb. These are symptoms of a more-serious sunburn. The sunburned person is a child under one year old.


Question: When should you call 911 about a sunburn?

Answer: Does not seem to be responding appropriately Has a seizure, visual changes, or any other neurologic symptoms; these could be symptoms of severe heat illness.


Question: How should you rehydrate if you get a sunburn?

Answer: Replace body fluids with water, juice, or sports drinks.


Question: What things might your partner worry about if you have diabetes?

Answer: It's common for your partner to worry about: Serious health complications, like blindness or amputations How to help you control your diabetes day to day and to deal with any blood sugar emergencies If you'll be able to take care of your family and other responsibilities Money and insurance coverage If you don't talk about these issues candidly, the stressors over time can put a wedge in your relationship.


Question: When is radioactive iodine treatment used for thyroid cancer?

Answer: Surgery often gets rid of thyroid cancer. But depending on the type of thyroid cancer you have, or if it has spread, your doctor may also suggest you have treatment with radioactive iodine. This is done to get rid of any cancer cells that were not caught during surgery, and to help keep the cancer from coming back.


Question: What are the side effects after thyroid surgery?

Answer: It's not unusual to feel tired or sore for a few days after surgery. But pain medicines prescribed by your doctor can help. You may have some aches and pains in the neck and shoulders after surgery.


Question: What is removed in thyroid surgery?

Answer: Thyroid surgery involves removing either part or all of the gland (thyroidectomy). In some cases, lymph nodes may also need to be removed.


Question: Is treatment for thyroid cancer effective?

Answer: And thanks to very good treatments, it can be cured most of the time. The type of treatment you get depends on what kind of thyroid cancer you have, and if it has spread. Most people are treated with surgery alone, or with a combination of surgery and radioactive iodine. If you have side effects from treatment, there are ways to manage them that will help you feel better.


Question: How can antibiotics help with Crohn's disease?

Answer: Researchers believe they might help control symptoms by reducing bacteria levels in your intestine and by curbing the intestine's immune system.


Question: What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin for Crohn's disease?

Answer: These side effects of ciprofloxacin are rare, but may include: Headache and severe dizziness Nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea Sensitivity to sun Rupture of a tendon (very rare) Confusion Depression Hallucinations Fast heartbeat You're also at greater risk for a severe type of colitis.


Question: What are common antibiotics used for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The most common ones used for Crohn's are: Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) Metronidazole ( Flagyl) Some people need to get antibiotics through a vein ( IV).


Question: What are abscesses, fistulas and pouchitis in relation to Crohn's disease?

Answer: These are pockets of pus that, in Crohn's, often form near the anus. Fistulas. These are abnormal tunnels that go from one part of your intestine to another or to nearby areas, such as the bladder, vagina, anus, or skin. Pouchitis. For some people, Crohn's disease is so severe that they need an operation to have their colon removed. The surgeon makes an internal pouch to hold solid waste before it leaves your body. If this area becomes inflamed -- known as "pouchitis" -- you'll need antibiotics for treatment.


Question: Can I drink alcohol while taking metronidazole for Crohn's?

Answer: It can interact with the drug to cause a rare but severe reaction. The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath.


Question: When should you not take ciprofloxacin for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Do not take ciprofloxacin within a couple of hours of taking: Antacids Vitamin or mineral supplements that contain calcium, iron, or zinc This combination can make the antibiotic less effective.


Question: What are possible side effects of ciprofloxacin for Crohn's?

Answer: These side effects of ciprofloxacin are rare, but may include: Headache and severe dizziness Nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea Sensitivity to sun Rupture of a tendon (very rare) Confusion Depression Hallucinations Fast heartbeat You're also at greater risk for a severe type of colitis. If you get it, you'll need treatment with another type of antibiotic.


Question: Are there precautions to take when taking antibiotics for Crohn's?

Answer: No matter which antibiotic you're taking: Let your doctor know if you're pregnant before starting the medication. Wear sunscreen during daylight hours. Know that antibiotics can make birth control pills less effective. Be aware that antibiotics can make bleeding more likely if you're also taking anticoagulants (drugs that curb blood clots).


Question: Is a spinal tap safe, or are there side effects?

Answer: But just like most tests, there are a few minor risks. These include: Headache. About 10% of people get a spinal headache -- one that gets worse when you sit or stand and feels better instantly when you lie down. If you get one, lie down as much as possible and drink plenty of fluids. Infection. But the risk is very low. Bloody tap. Sometimes the procedure may pierce a small blood vessel, so blood mixes in with the CSF. You won't need treatment for it, but in some cases, you may need another spinal tap later on to get a "clear" sample.


Question: What happens after a spinal tap?

Answer: You'll need to lie on your back or stomach for a few hours. You also may need to give a sample of your blood for testing, too.


Question: How does a spinal tap help diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you have the condition, your CSF (spinal fluid) will have higher amounts of certain proteins. If someone's CSF doesn't have these proteins, though, they might still have multiple sclerosis -- 5% to 10% of people with the condition never show signs in their spinal fluid. Also, these signs can show up in a number of other diseases, too. So a spinal tap by itself can't confirm or rule out a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. It must be part of the total picture of testing for the disease.


Question: Should I avoid exercise after a spinal tap?

Answer: Avoid intense exercise for a day or so after the procedure.


Question: When should I call my doctor immediately after a spinal tap?

Answer: And if you're allergic to latex or any medications, tell your doctor.


Question: How important are spinal taps in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Also, these signs can show up in a number of other diseases, too. So a spinal tap by itself can't confirm or rule out a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. It must be part of the total picture of testing for the disease.


Question: What are some minor risks associated with spinal taps?

Answer: But just like most tests, there are a few minor risks. These include: Headache. About 10% of people get a spinal headache -- one that gets worse when you sit or stand and feels better instantly when you lie down. If you get one, lie down as much as possible and drink plenty of fluids. Infection. But the risk is very low. Bloody tap. Sometimes the procedure may pierce a small blood vessel, so blood mixes in with the CSF. You won't need treatment for it, but in some cases, you may need another spinal tap later on to get a "clear" sample.


Question: What is a spinal tap?

Answer: Your brain and spinal cord are bathed in fluid. A spinal tap, also called a lumbar puncture, is a procedure doctors use to remove and test some of this liquid, called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). It helps them diagnose disorders of the brain and spinal cord, including multiple sclerosis.


Question: What happens during a spinal tap?

Answer: To start, you'll lie on your side with your knees drawn as close to your chest as possible. Or you'll sit with your arms and head resting on a table. After the skin around your lower back is cleansed and covered, you'll get medicine to numb that part of your body. Your doctor will put a long, thin hollow needle in your low back between two bones in your lower spine and into the space filled with CSF. He'll take 1-2 tablespoons of fluid and remove the needle. The procedure doesn't touch your spinal cord.


Question: How does someone prepare for a spinal tap?

Answer: You don't have to do anything to get ready, unless your doctor gives you special instructions. In most cases, you'll need to stop taking any blood thinner medicines, including aspirin, for a few days beforehand. And if you're allergic to latex or any medications, tell your doctor.


Question: What other disorders are tied to bipolar disorder?

Answer: Typically, these are alcohol and drug abuse, an anxiety disorder, an eating disorder, or a personality disorder. An estimated 60% of all people with bipolar disorder have drug or alcohol problems. Drug abuse can mimic the symptoms of depression or mania, making it important to treat substance abuse problems in order to make an accurate diagnosis of bipolar or other mood disorders.


Question: How does sleep help with bipolar disorder?

Answer: A key part of adapting is to understand the types of stressors that might increase the risk for manic or depressive episodes and the lifestyle changes that can reduce them. Maintain a regular sleep pattern. Go to bed and wake up around the same times each day.


Question: Will a support group help treat bipolar disorder?

Answer: You may feel less isolated as a result. Family members and friends may also benefit from a support group. They can gain a better understanding of the illness, share their concerns, and learn how to best support loved ones with bipolar disorder.


Question: How can adapting help me manage my bipolar disorder?

Answer: This can help you avoid embarrassing behavior during manic episodes and set realistic goals for treatment. Your doctor can help you prepare for possible future episodes and manage fear about having more. A key part of adapting is to understand the types of stressors that might increase the risk for manic or depressive episodes and the lifestyle changes that can reduce them.


Question: What are the goals of treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment usually includes medications along with exercise. The goals are to: Stop inflammation Ease pain and swelling Strengthen joints and help them move better Prevent joint damage and other complications Medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: NSAIDS ( Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs) The medicines can curb pain, fever, and inflammation.


Question: What medications can stop juvenile rheumatoid arthritis from getting worse?

Answer: Meds That Stop the Condition From Getting Worse Your doctor may prescribe â DMARDs,â which stands for Disease- Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. They also help with joint stiffness, pain, and swelling. Examples include hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), methotrexate, and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). It may take about 3 to 6 months for these medicines to work.


Question: Do hot and cold treatments help treat juvenile arthritis?

Answer: It can help to use hot and cold treatments. For instance, a warm compress can loosen up a stiff muscle and an ice pack often reduces swelling and inflammation.


Question: How are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs taken to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They come as a liquid or a pill. People usually take them from one to 4 times a day. Some common NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and tolmetin.


Question: Do children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis recover?

Answer: Adults who have it usually have symptoms all their lives. But studies show that by adulthood, children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis don't have symptoms anymore. They simply outgrow it.


Question: What biologic drugs are used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: â Biologicâ Drugs for Your Immune System These drugs are genetically engineered to work on the immune system. They include adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, anakinra ( Kineret), etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel, infliximab ( Remicade), and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade.


Question: Are eye problems linked to juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Eye problems are linked to some forms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, so keep up with your child's eye tests.


Question: What are corticosteroids and how do they treat juvenile arthritis?

Answer: If You Need Corticosteroids These are strong, anti-inflammatory drugs. Doctors usually prescribe them only if other treatments don't work, or if the condition is severe. This type of steroid isn't the kind that bulks up your muscles.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The goals are to: Stop inflammation Ease pain and swelling Strengthen joints and help them move better Prevent joint damage and other complications Medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: NSAIDS ( Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs) The medicines can curb pain, fever, and inflammation.


Question: What are the symptoms of flare-ups of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Flare-ups, times when it gets worse, can last for several weeks. Later on, symptoms may lessen. They include: Fevers of 103 F or higher Pink rash that comes and goes Eye inflammation Joint pain or stiffness Limping Swelling in joints Being less active Trouble with movements of hands or fingers, affecting things like handwriting or coloring Problems with bone development and growth There are three kinds.


Question: What is systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It affects much of the body. Doctors may call this form âsystemic.â Signs of this include joint swelling, fever, and a light pink rash. It may involve the heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. A small percentage of children who have it develop arthritis in their joints. They may have severe arthritis that lasts into adulthood.


Question: What medications are used for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The goals are to: Stop inflammation Ease pain and swelling Strengthen joints and help them move better Prevent joint damage and other complications Medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: NSAIDS ( Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs) The medicines can curb pain, fever, and inflammation. They come as a liquid or a pill. People usually take them from one to 4 times a day. Some common NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and tolmetin.


Question: How is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis different from adult rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Adults who have it usually have symptoms all their lives. But studies show that by adulthood, children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis don't have symptoms anymore. They simply outgrow it.


Question: Should children with juvenile arthritis be active?

Answer: If your child has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, encourage her to get out there and be active. Avoid contact sports and instead go for things that are not stressful on the joints, like swimming.


Question: What are the treatment goals of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment usually includes medications along with exercise. The goals are to: Stop inflammation Ease pain and swelling Strengthen joints and help them move better Prevent joint damage and other complications Medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: NSAIDS ( Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs) The medicines can curb pain, fever, and inflammation.


Question: What are the side effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Because these are strong drugs, your child will need frequent tests to check for side effects. They can include anemia, low blood count, and kidney and liver problems. Other possible problems could be stomach aches, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, headaches, rashes, loss of appetite, and weakness.


Question: What are the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: While NSAIDs ease pain and inflammation, they also have side effects. These include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, and anemia. Sometimes your doctor will give you another stomach-protecting medication to take with the NSAIDs. This will make stomach bleeding less likely.


Question: What other drugs can be used for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you child does not respond well to NSAIDS, the doctor may prescribe a new drug called Xatmep. Xatmep is the first ready-to-use oral solution formulation of methotrexate to be approved for use in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. An aggressive therapy, this medicine helps reduce further joint damage and helps preserve joint function. Side effects can include dizziness, fatigue, chills and fever.


Question: How will a doctor diagnose symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If a doctor thinks a child may have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, she will ask about symptoms and the family's medical history. She will give the child a physical exam to look for joint swelling, rashes, signs of internal organ inflammation, and eye problems. She may also take samples of the child's blood and joint fluid, and use X-rays or other tests.


Question: What are the signs of systemic juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Doctors may call this form âsystemic.â Signs of this include joint swelling, fever, and a light pink rash. It may involve the heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. A small percentage of children who have it develop arthritis in their joints. They may have severe arthritis that lasts into adulthood.


Question: Are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile arthritis?

Answer: â Biologicâ Drugs for Your Immune System These drugs are genetically engineered to work on the immune system. They include adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, anakinra ( Kineret), etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel, infliximab ( Remicade), and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade.


Question: How is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

Answer: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is often hard to diagnose. Sometimes children who have it do not complain of pain. In fact, parents may not be aware of symptoms.


Question: Is polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis symmetrical?

Answer: This type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is usually symmetrical. That means it affects the same joints on both sides of the body.


Question: Are there various medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If You Need Corticosteroids These are strong, anti-inflammatory drugs.


Question: What is the treatment for juvenile arthritis if my child doesn't respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer: If you child does not respond well to NSAIDS, the doctor may prescribe a new drug called Xatmep. Xatmep is the first ready-to-use oral solution formulation of methotrexate to be approved for use in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. An aggressive therapy, this medicine helps reduce further joint damage and helps preserve joint function. Side effects can include dizziness, fatigue, chills and fever.


Question: How is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis different than adult rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Adults who have it usually have symptoms all their lives. But studies show that by adulthood, children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis don't have symptoms anymore. They simply outgrow it.


Question: Are there side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: While NSAIDs ease pain and inflammation, they also have side effects. These include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, and anemia. Sometimes your doctor will give you another stomach-protecting medication to take with the NSAIDs. This will make stomach bleeding less likely.


Question: What percentage of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have polyarticular JRA?

Answer: About 30% of all children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have this type. It usually affects the small joints, like those in the hands and feet, but it can sometimes involve the large joints.


Question: What are medical causes of obesity?

Answer: Medical causes of obesity can include: Hypothyroidism. This is a condition where the thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces too little thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone regulates our metabolism. So too little hormone slows the metabolism and often causes weight gain. If your doctor suspects thyroid disease as a cause of your obesity, he or she may perform blood tests to check your hormone levels. Cushing's syndrome. This condition results when the adrenal glands (located on top of each kidney) produce an excess amount of a steroid hormone called cortisol. This leads to a build-up of fat in characteristic sites such as the face, upper back, and abdomen. Depression. Some people with depression overeat, which can lead to obesity. There are also certain inherited conditions and other diseases of the brain that can cause excess weight gain.


Question: Other than preventing the flu, what are other health benefits of exercise?

Answer: There are other benefits to being more active, like less stress and better sleep. Stress is bad for your body and mind. You can ease it with regular exercise. Get 7 to 8 hours sleep a night, too, because that also helps keep your body's defenses in good shape.


Question: How many people die from prostate cancer?

Answer: Only 1 in 36 men, though, actually dies from prostate cancer. That's because most prostate cancers are diagnosed in older men in whom the disease is more likely to be slow-growing and non-aggressive. The majority of these men eventually pass away from heart disease, stroke, or other causes -- not their prostate cancer.


Question: How common is prostate cancer?

Answer: After skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. About 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. And these are just the men who are diagnosed. Among very elderly men dying of other causes, a surprising two-thirds may have prostate cancer that was never diagnosed.


Question: What are the long-term survival rates for prostate cancer?

Answer: According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for men with local or regional prostate cancer: the relative 10-year survival rate is 98% the relative 15-year survival rate is 96% As with all cancers, doctors use the term stage to describe the characteristics of the primary tumor itself, such as its size and how far prostate cancer has spread when it is found.


Question: How serious is prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer is frequently slow-growing and slow to spread. For many men, prostate cancer is less serious than their other medical conditions. For these reasons, and possibly because of earlier detection of low-grade prostate cancers, prostate cancer has one of the highest survival rates of any type of cancer.


Question: Does hormone therapy work for anyone when treating symptoms of menopause?

Answer: Hormone therapy isn't for everyone. Don't take it if you've ever had breast cancer, uterine or "endometrial" cancer, blood clots, liver disease, or a stroke. Also don't take it if you might be pregnant or you have undiagnosed vaginal bleeding. If you can't or don't want to take hormones, other medications can ease symptoms. They include antidepressants, antiseizure drugs, or blood pressure medications to help with hot flashes and mood swings.