Question: What are unusual sensations related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them. They can be minor shakes or so intense it's hard to do everyday activities. Unusual sensations: In addition to the pins and needles sensation that's part of CIS, you might also have severe itching, burning, stabbing, or tearing pains.


Question: What causes primary symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It causes scars, or lesions, that make it harder for signals to travel between your brain and your body. These come from ongoing damage to your myelin. They aren't pleasant, but your MS treatment team can help you keep most of them under control with medication, rehabilitation, and other tactics. Not being able to empty your bladder can lead to a bladder infection.


Question: What bladder problems are symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. Bowel issues like constipation are also common. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: Are vision problems a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs. Muscle spasms : They usually affect your leg muscles. It's a byproduct of the changes MS makes in your brain and in your life.


Question: How is fatigue related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It isn't usually related to the amount of work you do. Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep. This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory.


Question: What are side effects of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Prophylaxis is a treatment that helps you prevent an infection from bacteria, fungus, a virus, or a parasite either before you come in contact with the bug or after you've been exposed.. Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, means you take it after you may have come into contact with one of those bugs. The drugs also can cause headache, insomnia, and diarrhea. In rare cases, they can cause serious health issues, including liver problems.


Question: What is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV?

Answer: If you've been exposed to HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), PEP is a course of two or three drugs that will make you less likely to be infected. With the right treatment, there's about an 80% chance the virus will be stopped. But you have to take the full course of drugs, and not everyone follows through. The medications used in this way keep HIV from establishing itself in your body You'll take them once or twice a day for 28 days: For adults, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) recommends a drug called tenofovir, combined with emtricitabine(these two drugs are combined in one pill), and a third drug, either raltegravir or dolutegravir.


Question: How much help does someone with gastrointestinal stromal tumors usually need?

Answer: During treatment for GIST, family and friends may have to help out with day-to-day responsibilities. GIST Resources Here are a few resources to help in caring for the individual with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.


Question: What is Fabry disease?

Answer: When you have Fabry disease, a certain type of fatty substance builds up in your body. It narrows your blood vessels, which can hurt your skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and nervous system. Your doctor may call Fabry disease a "storage disorder." It usually starts in childhood and is much more common in men than women. That's because the symptoms are common and can affect so many different parts of the body.


Question: What tests do you need when you have Fabry disease?

Answer: You can also expect to get regular tests to keep track of how you're doing. These may include: Blood, urine, and thyroid tests EKG (electrocardiogram). CT of your head.


Question: How is Fabry disease treated?

Answer: The most common has been enzyme replacement therapy ( ERT) which replaces the enzyme that is missing or not working correctly. This allows your body to break down fatty also substances the way it should. You will probably visit an outpatient center every few weeks to get the enzyme injected into a vein. Your doctor may recommend that you also take: Drugs to relieve pain (prescription or nonprescription) Medicine for stomach problems Blood thinners or other drugs for irregular heartbeat or other heart problems Blood pressure medicine, which also helps protect your kidneys You may need dialysis or a kidney transplant if Fabry disease has caused serious kidney damage.


Question: How is Fabry disease diagnosed?

Answer: That's because the symptoms are common and can affect so many different parts of the body. If your family history suggests you could be at risk for Fabry disease, you may want to ask your doctor about getting genetic testing. If your doctor thinks it might be Fabry disease, he will ask you to either take a blood test so he can measure the level of alpha-galactosidase A, or take a DNA test.


Question: Can antiviral or antibiotic medications treat the flu or a cold?

Answer: But there are no medications that specifically defeat the common cold. Antibiotics may be helpful only if there is a secondary bacterial infection. In addition, antiviral medications are available to prevent flu.


Question: What are the differences in symptoms of a cold and the flu?

Answer: Both cold and flu may bring coughing, headache, and chest discomfort. With the flu, though, you are likely to run a high fever for several days and have body aches, fatigue, and weakness. Symptoms of the flu also tend to come on abruptly. Usually, complications from colds are relatively minor, but a case of flu can lead to a life-threatening illness such as pneumonia. Viruses are the most common cause of stomach flu.


Question: Can children take over-the-counter cold and flu medicines?

Answer: A whole aisle of over-the-counter cold and flu medicines awaits you at the store. For children ages 4-6, only give them if a doctor recommends it. Read the label so you can match the symptoms to the right medicine. Make sure you use the right medicine and the right dose for your child’s age and weight.


Question: How can an artery spasm bring on a heart attack?

Answer: While it is unusual, a heart attack can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. Coronary arteries have a muscle lining which can contract or relax depending on the needs of the heart muscle at a given time. During a coronary spasm, the coronary arteries constrict or spasm without warning, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle and potentially causing a heart attack. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between injury and treatment. Earlier treatment can reduce the impact of the heart attack.


Question: How can a blocked artery bring on a heart attack?

Answer: Heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes and consistencies. With the build-up of plaque, there is less delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle, especially when there is a demand for oxygen (during exertion or exercise) and chest pain or symptoms can develop. The outer surface of the plaque may rupture or crack and platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that help form blood clots) then come to the area to form blood clots around the plaque -- like a scab. If a blood clot totally obstructs the artery, the heart muscle can become starved for oxygen. This is called ischemia.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose a heart attack?

Answer: The electrocardiogram ( ECG or EKG) can provide information about the extent and location of heart muscle damage. Blood may be drawn to measure levels of cardiac enzymes that indicate heart muscle damage. By measuring the levels of these enzymes, the doctor can determine approximately when the heart attack started. An echocardiogram (also called an echo) is an ultrasound test that can be used to learn how the heart is pumping overall and what areas might not be pumping normally. Cardiac catheterization.


Question: Where can I find information or support for H. pylori infection?

Answer: For some people, an infection can lead to stomach cancer. You may also have: Tests of your blood and stool, which can help find an infection Urea breath test.


Question: What can I expect after H. pylori infection?

Answer: Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back. If you've had one, you should avoid taking NSAIDs for pain, since these drugs can damage your stomach lining. If you need pain medicine, ask your doctor to recommend some.


Question: How are upper GI tests used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: You'll drink a special liquid that has a substance called urea. In a hospital, a doctor will use a tube with a small camera, called an endoscope, to look down your throat and into your stomach and the upper part of your small intestine.


Question: What is H. pylori?

Answer: These germs can enter your body and live in your digestive tract. After many years, they can cause sores, called ulcers, in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine. For some people, an infection can lead to stomach cancer. Most ulcers caused by H. pylori will heal after a few weeks of treatment.


Question: How common are infections from H. pylori?

Answer: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) is a type of bacteria. As more of the world gets access to clean water and sanitation, fewer people than before are getting the bacteria. With good health habits, you can protect yourself and your children from H. pylori. The germs live in the body for years before symptoms start, but most people who have it will never get ulcers. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.


Question: How does H. pylori affect your body?

Answer: After H. pylori enters your body, it attacks the lining of your stomach, which usually protects you from the acid your body uses to digest food. These may bleed, cause infections, or keep food from moving through your digestive tract. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.


Question: How does having high blood sugar cause vision problems?

Answer: This thin layer of light-sensitive tissue lines the back of the eye and sends light to your brain. That's what allows you to see. NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells.


Question: Can immune system problems cause fatigue?

Answer: Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. You might feel a sandy, gritty feeling like something is in your eye. But in some cases it can mean that your body is attacking nerves that send signals to your muscles.


Question: Could my illness be related to immune system problems?

Answer: They can all cause inflammation. But do you know the other warning signs? Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. For example, it could be vasculitis, which is inflammation of a blood vessel caused by an infection or autoimmune disease.


Question: Can immune system problems cause hair loss?

Answer: If you lose hair on your scalp, face, or other parts of your body, you could have a condition called alopecia areata. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. Sometimes your immune system decides to fight the skin's pigment-making cells, called melanocytes.


Question: Can immune system problems cause white patches on the skin?

Answer: To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. Sometimes the immune system attacks hair follicles.


Question: Can immune system problems cause cold hands?

Answer: The skin in these areas may turn white, then blue, when you're exposed to the cold. Once blood flow returns, the skin may then turn red. Doctors call this â Raynaud's phenomenon.â Immune system problems can cause it, but so can other things, including smoking, some prescription drugs, and conditions that affect your arteries. If your bowel movements are hard to pass, very firm, or look like they're made up of small rabbit pellets, your immune system may be forcing your intestine to slow down.


Question: Can immune system problems cause rashes?

Answer: People with lupus often get a butterfly-shaped rash across their nose and cheeks. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. If so, you'll start to see white patches of skin on your body. Called jaundice, it may mean that your immune system is attacking and destroying healthy liver cells.


Question: How do children get leukemia?

Answer: But certain things may raise the chances of getting it. Keep in mind, though, that having one of these things does not necessarily mean a child will get leukemia. In fact, most children with leukemia don't have any known risk factors. ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia.


Question: What is the outlook for childhood leukemia?

Answer: AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. And treatment at special centers for children and teens has the advantages of specialized care. Childhood cancers tend to respond to treatment better than adult cancers do, and children's bodies often tolerate treatment better.


Question: What is childhood leukemia?

Answer: Childhood leukemia, the most common type of cancer in children and teens, is a cancer of the white blood cells. As tough as it is for a child to have cancer, it's good to know that most children and teens with childhood leukemia can be successfully treated. AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Many signs and symptoms of childhood leukemia happen when leukemia cells crowd out normal cells. It can also help prevent or treat the spread of leukemia to other parts of the body.


Question: When should you get surgery to remove your entire colon if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest diet changes, depending on your symptoms. When you have an operation to remove your entire colon, the surgeon most often creates an opening, or stoma, in your belly wall. He attaches a bag there and brings the tip of your lower small intestine through the opening. Waste passes through it and collects in a pouch, which gets attached to the stoma. You'd need to wear the pouch all the time.


Question: What is ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: These treatments won't cure your ulcerative colitis, unless you have surgery that removes the colon and rectum, which is considered curative, but they can help ease your symptoms. These medicines sometimes have side effects and long-term complications, so doctors often suggest them for short periods of time to help you get in remission. While food doesn't appear to play a role in causing ulcerative colitis, certain foods may cause more symptoms when your disease is active. Your doctor may suggest this if your medicine isn't working, your symptoms get worse, or your ulcerative colitis leads to serious complications.


Question: What are the causes of venous skin ulcer?

Answer: A venous skin ulcer is a sore on your leg that's very slow to heal, usually because of weak blood circulation in the limb. The veins in the leg, which should send blood back to the heart, might not be doing their job all that well. That's often because the valves that stop the flow of blood back into the veins aren't working like they should. This backflow of blood means increased pressure in the end of the limb. When that happens, it can weaken the skin and make it harder for a cut or scrape to heal.


Question: How do you prevent venous skin ulcers?

Answer: But there are steps you can take to prevent them from happening. Your doctor will ask you if you have a history of ongoing (or âchronicâ) conditions, such as diabetes or hardening of the arteries.


Question: What is a venous skin ulcer?

Answer: They can last anywhere from a few weeks to years. You may hear a doctor or nurse call them âvenous leg ulcers.â They can sometimes lead to more serious problems if you don't have them treated. The pressure should improve the blood circulation in your leg, boosting your body's ability to heal the sore.


Question: Why is an alanine aminotransferase test important?

Answer: Smaller amounts of ALT are in your kidneys and other organs, too. Your body uses ALT to break down food into energy. Normally, ALT levels in the blood are low. If your liver is damaged, it will release more ALT into your blood and levels will rise. ( ALT used to be called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, or SGPT). Doctors often give the ALT test along with other liver tests. AST is another liver enzyme.


Question: What other tests will you take in addition to an alanine aminotransferase test?

Answer: The alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) test is a blood test that checks for liver damage. The ALT test can be done as part of a blood panel during a regular exam. AST is another liver enzyme. As with ALT, the levels of AST in your blood rise if your liver is damaged. Comparing ALT with AST levels gives your doctor more information about the health of your liver. The ALT-to- AST ratio can help your doctor figure out how severe the liver damage is and what might have caused it.


Question: What is lipedema?

Answer: It happens when fat is distributed in an irregular way beneath your skin, usually in the buttocks and legs. Although it begins as a cosmetic concern, it can eventually cause pain and other problems. Lipedema can be mistaken for regular obesity or lymphedema. For example, the top half of your body may be a size 8, but the bottom half may be a size 16.


Question: What are the side effects of hormone therapy that's used to treat endometriosis pain?

Answer: Others you can buy âover the counter.â Your doctor may recommend that you try more than one kind. If your symptoms are mild, your doctor will likely suggest you take a pain reliever. This type of treatment may be a good choice if pain medicines don't help enough.


Question: How is endometriosis pain treated?

Answer: Although they won't cure the condition, they may help you feel better. Some need a prescription. Others you can buy âover the counter.â Your doctor may recommend that you try more than one kind. So, if you try pain meds that you can buy without a prescription and you don't get enough relief, your doctor will consider whether you need a prescription for a stronger type of medicine.


Question: What makes someone more likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You're more likely to get type 2 diabetes if: 1. You have prediabetes. You're not physically active. You've had heart disease. You have high blood pressure. Your "good" cholesterol level is low. You're a woman who has PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). You're age 45 or older. The chance of getting type 2 diabetes rises with age.


Question: How does genetic diabetes increase the chances of getting type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You're more likely to get type 2 diabetes if: 1. But you can take action through everyday lifestyle habits, like exercise and healthy eating, to lower your odds of following in their footsteps. You're a woman who has PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome).


Question: What happens if immunotherapy and no other treatments work to treat your lung cancer?

Answer: When the Cancer Looks Worse but Isn't Your doctor will order CT scans of your tumor to keep track of it and make sure your treatment is working. Other Treatment Options If immunotherapy doesn't work, you and your doctor will discuss other ways to treat your cancer. These include: Chemotherapy Targeted drug treatments Radiation If these options also fail, your doctor may suggest you to take part in a clinical trial. They provide access to cutting-edge immunotherapy treatments that aren't yet approved for lung cancer.


Question: Does a support group help if you have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: You can share your experience with people who know what you're going through. They may have tips on how to deal with the things you're worried about. Plan how you'd like to explain your condition to an acquaintance or respond to a comment from a stranger. Practice saying it to family or friends until you feel comfortable. It may help to let people know that HS isn't contagious and has nothing to do with bad hygiene. Don't turn to alcohol, drugs, or food for comfort.


Question: What factors that cause secondary hypertension can't be changed?

Answer: Age: The older you get, the greater the likelihood that you will develop high blood pressure, especially systolic, as your arteries get stiffer. They develop high blood pressure at a younger age and develop more severe complications sooner. Family history (heredity): The tendency to have high blood pressure appears to run in families. Gender: Generally men have a greater likelihood of developing high blood pressure than women. This likelihood varies according to age and among various ethnic groups. Americans consume 10-15 times more sodium than they need.


Question: How are stomach cancers classified?

Answer: Almost all stomach cancers (about 95%) start in the glandular tissue that lines the stomach. Lymphomas develop from lymphocytes, a type of blood cell involved in the immune system. Sarcomas involve the connective tissue (muscle, fat, or blood vessels). Other types include carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic cancers from breast cancer, melanoma, and other primary sites of cancer are also seen in the stomach.


Question: Should you continue breastfeeding even after you start feeding your baby  solid foods?

Answer: Even after you start solids, breast milk or formula are your baby's primary source of nutrition for her first year. Keep breastfeeding for at least a year if you can. Don't wait too long to start solid foods.


Question: What is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)?

Answer: Experts believe that CRPS occurs as a result of dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous systems. Other treatments include: Sympathetic nerve blocks: These blocks, which are done in a variety of ways, can provide significant pain relief for some people.


Question: How is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treated?

Answer: There is no cure for CRPS. Therapies used include psychotherapy, physical therapy, and drug treatment, such as topical analgesics, narcotics, corticosteroids, osteoporosis medication, antidepressants, osteoporosis medicines, and antiseizure drugs.


Question: When should you get a new mattress for lower back pain?

Answer: Research is limited, but in one study, researchers assigned new mattresses to more than 300 people with low back pain. That was true regardless of which model they were given, though people who slept in the cheapest beds did report more lower back pain than those in the medium- and higher-priced beds. They noted that the average age of the participants' old beds was 9.5 years. The takeaway: If you've been sleeping on the same mattress for 9 or 10 years (or more), it's time to get a new one. Almost any new replacement is going to be better than the saggy foundation of an old mattress. But it may pay to spring for at least a mid-priced model.


Question: How firm should a mattress be for lower back pain?

Answer: The latest thinking is that there isn't one type of mattress that's best for everyone, including people with chronic back pain. They used either "medium-firm" or "firm" mattresses for 90 days. Those in the medium group reported the least amount of discomfort. You might consider getting a memory foam mattress (instead of a traditional innerspring one). The foam molds to your body. The downside: Some memory foam mattresses keep in heat; and the material might have more chemicals.


Question: What  activities do I need to avoid after a hip of knee joint replacement surgery?

Answer: If you're in your 90s, your doctor may discuss with you whether or not the risks of surgery are greater than the long-term benefits you may get from a new joint. High impact activities should be avoided for the rest of your life. Here are some activities that you should probably avoid after hip or knee replacement, but speak with your doctor first: Jogging, running, or skiing Playing football, basketball, soccer, and other high-impact sports Doing karate or other martial arts Jumping rope Taking a high-impact aerobics class Your new knee or hip can last for more than 15 years, especially if you treat it well.


Question: What exercises do I need to do after a joint replacement surgery?

Answer: In order to get the most function out of your new joint, there's a lot of hard work to be done right after surgery. Before pursuing joint replacement surgery, you should commit to an exercise program that will include: Regular walking, first at home and later outdoors and for longer distance, aimed at gradually and safely increasing your mobility Gradually resuming other normal daily activities, like standing, climbing stairs, and getting up and down from a chair Daily, regular exercises designed to strengthen the muscles around your new joint; after your physical therapist teaches you these exercises, you can often do them at home.


Question: What are conditions that may make joint replacement surgery riskier?

Answer: There are several conditions that may make joint replacement surgery riskier, including: Obesity . Your doctor may ask you to lose some weight before undergoing surgery, which will both lessen the risks of surgery (such as infections, bleeding, and problems with anesthesia) and give your new hip or knee a better chance of success. If you're in your 90s, your doctor may discuss with you whether or not the risks of surgery are greater than the long-term benefits you may get from a new joint. Bone density. Heart, lung, or kidney disease.


Question: How much can joint replacement surgery for osteoarthritis help?

Answer: The vast majority of people who undergo joint replacement surgery experience dramatic reductions in pain and a great improvement in their ability to do everyday things like going to the store, cleaning house, walking around town, and engaging in light exercise like walking, swimming, ballroom dancing, and stair climbing. According to a study published in June 2008 in the Archives of Internal Medicine, older adults who had joint replacement surgery improved significantly on measurements of arthritis symptoms one year later compared with people who did not have the surgery.


Question: How can my doctor treat carbuncles?

Answer: Washing the carbuncle and covering the area with a sterile bandage also may promote drainage and healing and help prevent the infection from spreading. Some of the pus can be collected and sent to a lab to identify the bacteria causing the infection and check for susceptibility to antibiotics.


Question: What drugs contain acetaminophen?

Answer: It's still fine to use acetaminophen. For instance, if it's in your headache pill and your cold medicine, and you take them both, you could get more than you should.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about taking acetaminophen?

Answer: In extreme cases, it can even cause liver failure. If you're not sure how much is OK, ask your doctor or pharmacist.


Question: How can acetaminophen affect your liver?

Answer: You use it to ease aches and pains or bring down a fever. When you follow the instructions on those pill-bottle labels, it's helpful and safe, and it generally doesn't upset the stomach like other pain relievers. In extreme cases, it can even cause liver failure. It's still fine to use acetaminophen. You just need to know how to do that safely. For instance, if it's in your headache pill and your cold medicine, and you take them both, you could get more than you should.


Question: Should I try echinacea?

Answer: Research shows it increases the number of white blood cells, which fight infections. Two studies funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health did not find any help for a cold from echinacea in either children or adults, though. Some experts say you shouldn't take echinacea for more than 8 weeks at a time. If you're interested in using echinacea or another alternative treatment, talk to your doctor.


Question: Are there side effects of echinacea?

Answer: Extracts of echinacea do seem to have an effect on the immune system, your body's defense against germs. The most common side effect is upset stomach. But some people can have allergic reactions. If this happens, you might get: Rashes Worsening of asthma symptoms Anaphylaxis (a life-threatening emergency that can cause trouble breathing) You might be at higher risk of having a reaction to echinacea if you're allergic to other plants in the daisy family.


Question: What are the medical benefits of cannabinoids?

Answer: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC) and cannabidiol ( CBD) are the main chemicals used in medicine. Research suggests cannabinoids might: Reduce anxiety Reduce inflammation and relieve pain Control nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy Kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth Relax tight muscles in people with MS Stimulate appetite and improve weight gain in people with cancer and AIDS Medical marijuana received a lot of attention a few years ago when parents said that a special form of the drug helped control seizures in their children.


Question: Has the FDA approved medical marijuana?

Answer: The FDA recently approved Epidiolex, which is made from CBD, as a therapy for people with very severe or hard-to-treat seizures. The cannabidiol Epidiolex was approved in 2018 for treating seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox- Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome.


Question: Why isn't there more research on medical marijuana?

Answer: Because of that, researchers need a special license to study it, says Marcel Bonn- Miller, Ph D, a substance abuse specialist at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. That may not change anytime soon. The DEA considered reclassifying marijuana as a Schedule II drug like Ritalin or oxycodone, but decided ito keep it as a Schedule I drug. The agency did, however, agree to support additional research on marijuana and make the process easier for researchers." And you need more and more of it to have the same effect."


Question: What does scalp psoriasis look like?

Answer: That can look like and flake off like dandruff. It can even go past your hairline and onto your neck, ear area, and forehead. Scalp psoriasis is usually powdery looking. It may be silver in color. If your psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis is severe and affects other areas of your body, you might be prescribed a medication that deals with all your symptoms.


Question: What can you do to treat psoriasis and nail problems?

Answer: If you have either, you might notice your nails are: Pitted, with âpockingâ or holes in the nail Thicker than normal or discolored Separated from the nail bed What you can do: You may be able to disguise mild nail changes by scraping, filing, or polishing your nails. Try to keep your nails short. Avoid injury to them as much as you can, too. Many people with psoriasis have a fungal infection in their nails (called onychomycosis). Ask your doctor or dermatologist to see if you have it. If so, treating the fungal infection will help your nails. If you have severe psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, your doctor may want you to take a prescription medication that affects your whole body. That should ease nail problems, too. Your doctor may point you to: Tar products Salicylic acid Corticosteroid creams or ointments You'll probably have more success if you use more than one of these at a time.


Question: How common are nail problems in people with psoriasis?

Answer: That goes up to 80% in those with psoriatic arthritis. At least half of those with psoriasis have it here.


Question: Is childhood depression the same as sadness?

Answer: But if these symptoms become persistent, disruptive and interfere with social activities, interests, schoolwork and family life, it may indicate that he or she is suffering from the medical condition depression. The role that family and the child's environment play in the treatment process is different from that of adults.


Question: What are fortifiers for babies who need supplemental feeding?

Answer: But sometimes babies have trouble nursing or need extra nutrition. In those cases, your doctor might recommend adding formula or fortifying your breast milk. Fortifiers contain: Extra calories Vitamins Protein Minerals Preterm formulas.


Question: What is supplemental feeding for a baby?

Answer: But sometimes babies have trouble nursing or need extra nutrition. In those cases, your doctor might recommend adding formula or fortifying your breast milk. They'll get a fluid mix that contains sugar, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals to help them grow. To make sure your baby is growing quickly enough, your doctor might recommend adding a liquid or powdered fortifier to breast milk.


Question: What lifestyle changes help treat coronary artery disease?

Answer: Eat less processed food, and change to a low-trans-fat, low-salt, and low-sugar diet. Keep your blood sugar in control if you have diabetes. Exercise regularly (but talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program). Medications . Call your doctor if you feel new symptoms or if the ones you're used to become more frequent or severe.


Question: Is gout more common in men or women?

Answer: More than 8 million Americans suffer from gout. Women are more prone to gout after menopause, and it is rare in children and young adults. Men who are overweight or suffering from high blood pressure are particularly prone to gout, especially if they are taking thiazide diuretics (water pills). It used to be known as "the disease of kings" since it was mainly seen in wealthy men who drank and ate too much.


Question: Who's at risk for a pilonidal cyst?

Answer: It is more common in men than in women. It usually happens more often in younger people. People who sit a lot, such as truck drivers, have a higher chance of getting one. This dimple can tend to get infected, though doctors aren't exactly sure why. Disadvantages -- You're more likely to have more problems with the cyst down the road.


Question: What is a pilonidal cyst?

Answer: It's called a pilonidal cyst, and it can become infected and filled with pus. Once infected, the technical term is âpilonidal abscess,â and it can be painful. It looks like a large pimple at the bottom of your tailbone. If your cyst becomes a problem, your doctor can drain it or take it out through surgery.


Question: How is biologic therapy used to treat leukemia?

Answer: But the main options are: Chemotherapy Radiation Biologic therapy Targeted therapy Stem cell transplant Surgery Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells in your blood and bone marrow. Drugs like interleukins and interferon can help boost your body's natural defenses against leukemia.


Question: How is stem cell transplant used to treat leukemia?

Answer: But the main options are: Chemotherapy Radiation Biologic therapy Targeted therapy Stem cell transplant Surgery Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells in your blood and bone marrow. You can get the medicine: Through an injection into a vein or muscle As a pill Into the fluid around your spinal cord Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to kill leukemia cells or keep them from growing. First you'll have high doses of chemotherapy to destroy the cancer cells in your bone marrow. Then you'll get the new stem cells through an infusion into one of your veins. They will grow into new, healthy blood cells.


Question: What can cause myocarditis?

Answer: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). When you have one, your body produces cells to fight it. These cells release chemicals. Other causes include certain chemicals or allergic reactions to medications or toxins like: Alcohol Drugs Lead Spider bites Wasp stings Snakebites Chemotherapy and radiation therapy An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation throughout your body, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may also lead to myocarditis.


Question: What can happen if you don't treat myocarditis?

Answer: To make sure it's myocarditis and spot causes, your doctor may order tests such as: Blood tests to check for infection, antibodies, or blood cell counts A chest X-ray so he can see your heart, lungs, and other chest structures An electrocardiogram ( EKG) to record your heart's electrical activity A heart ultrasound (echocardiogram) to make an image of your heart and its structures In a few cases, doctors order cardiac MRI scans or heart muscle biopsies to help confirm it. In rare cases, it leads to other problems, such as: Cardiomyopathy : The heart muscle weakens or the structure of the heart muscle changes. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy are leading causes of heart transplants in the U. S. In very rare cases, myocarditis can lead to sudden death.


Question: How should you protect your feet if you have diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: Look over both feet carefully every day, and be sure you check between all of your toes. Wash both of your feet briefly each day with warm -- not hot -- water. And be sure to have your doctor take a good look at your feet during each of your diabetes checkups in case you've missed anything.


Question: What should you know about caring for your feet if you have diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: First, diabetes can reduce blood flow to your feet, depriving your feet of oxygen and nutrients. This makes it more difficult for blisters, sores, and cuts to heal. And second, the diabetic nerve damage called peripheral neuropathy can cause numbness in your feet. When you can't feel cuts and blisters, you're more likely to get sores and infections. If you don't notice or treat the sores, they can become deeply infected, and lead to amputation. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can also cause sharp pain in your feet. You may become excruciatingly sensitive to the lightest touch, like the sheets on your bed. Fortunately, a little TLC goes a long way in preventing foot problems from diabetes. Controlling your blood glucose also helps reduce the symptoms of diabetic nerve pain.


Question: Which jobs can cause carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: In the morning, you may wake up with numbness and tingling in your hands that may run all the way to your shoulder. Those jobs include: Assembly line worker Sewer or knitter Baker Cashier Hair stylist Musician Your doctor may ask you to tap the palm side of your wrist or fully flex your wrist with your arms completely extended.


Question: How can getting some sun help prevent psoriasis flare-ups?

Answer: Hot weather usually makes it better, but not always. But make it brief -- about 20 minutes or so at a time. And use sunscreen. Sunburn can trigger psoriasis, and it raises your risk of skin cancer. Some medications can make your skin more sensitive to ultraviolet rays, so talk to your doctor first.


Question: How can avoiding dry, cold weather help prevent psoriasis flare-ups?

Answer: When you have psoriasis, it's important to follow the advice of your doctor. Hot weather usually makes it better, but not always.


Question: Should I take care of my skin and scalp when I have psoriasis?

Answer: Never pick at patches or scales, as you may make your psoriasis worse. Use caution when trimming your nails. If you cut yourself, it might make symptoms flare. If you have psoriasis on your scalp, rub your topical treatments -- such as tar shampoos -- into your scalp. Regular bathing with soothing products, such as tar solutions, may bring relief, too. Be especially careful when shaving.


Question: Should I follow a special diet if I have psoriasis?

Answer: The connection between alcohol and psoriasis isn't clear, but some think it can worsen symptoms, especially in men. Some people say their symptoms improve when they remove dairy or gluten. Exercise may also help. Some studies show excess weight can trigger flares, so stay at a healthy weight.


Question: Which medications should you avoid to prevent psoriasis flare-ups?

Answer: When you have psoriasis, it's important to follow the advice of your doctor. If you have psoriasis on your scalp, rub your topical treatments -- such as tar shampoos -- into your scalp. Drugs that are known to make things worse include: Lithium , used to treat psychiatric disorders Propranolol and possibly other beta-blockers, which are prescribed for heart conditions Quinidine ( Cardioquin or Quinidex), medications for heart arrhythmias If you're using any of these medications, ask your doctor about substitutes. Trauma to the skin can cause a flare, a condition called " Koebner's phenomenon."


Question: How can using a humidifier help prevent psoriasis flare-ups?

Answer: Symptoms get worse when your skin is dry, so keep it moist with creams and lotions. Turn on the humidifier when the air inside your house is dry.


Question: Should I use a humidifier when I have psoriasis?

Answer: Symptoms get worse when your skin is dry, so keep it moist with creams and lotions. Turn on the humidifier when the air inside your house is dry.


Question: If I have psoriasis, should I follow my doctor's advice?

Answer: It's important to keep your skin moist. Avoid acupuncture, tattoos, and do your best to prevent insect bites and chafing.


Question: Can the weather affect my psoriasis?

Answer: When you have psoriasis, it's important to follow the advice of your doctor. Hot weather usually makes it better, but not always.


Question: Can skin injuries cause a psoriasis flare-up?

Answer: It's important to keep your skin moist. Trauma to the skin can cause a flare, a condition called " Koebner's phenomenon." Infections can also cause problems. Be especially careful when shaving. Avoid acupuncture, tattoos, and do your best to prevent insect bites and chafing.


Question: Are there ways to avoid the pain of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Use a warm, moist compress to loosen up a stiff joint. Try an ice pack on an inflamed joint. Massage may also help. Make it a priority every day to relax. If you need ideas for healthy ways to manage stress, ask your doctor or a counselor. You may want to try meditation, too. Focus on things you enjoy. Join a support group. It's a great place to talk with people who know what you are going through because they are, too. Exercise. It will make your joints feel better, not worse. Even if you're in pain, there are some exercises you can do. Talk to your doctor or a physical therapist about what's best for you. Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Don't turn to âcomfort food,â cigarettes, or alcohol. These professionals are a great source of support. They can help you look for new solutions to make your life better.


Question: Which bones do cancer cells usually go to?

Answer: This includes bones in the: Spine Pelvis Ribs Upper arms Thighs In some cases, areas of bone are destroyed (osteolytic). When they are injected, they go to the bone with cancer, killing cancer cells and helping to relieve pain.


Question: What happens when cancer cells reach the bone?

Answer: Once in the bone, these cancer cells can form new metastatic tumors. So they may go through more changes. This means the new tumor may be somewhat different from the primary tumor. This can make it more difficult to treat.


Question: How are bisphosphonates used to treat bone metastasis?

Answer: Used only for cancer that spreads to bone, these are drugs with radioactive elements. Given intravenously ( IV) for bone mets, these drugs can reduce damage to the bone, lower the risk of breaks, reduce high blood calcium levels, and lessen pain.


Question: In which bones do cancer cells typically go?

Answer: This includes bones in the: Spine Pelvis Ribs Upper arms Thighs In some cases, areas of bone are destroyed (osteolytic). When they are injected, they go to the bone with cancer, killing cancer cells and helping to relieve pain.


Question: Where are the most common places for cancer cells to spread?

Answer: Once in the bone, these cancer cells can form new metastatic tumors. Do you then have bone cancer? For example, breast cancer that spreads is known as "metastatic breast cancer." Metastatic cancers in the bone are also called bone metastases, or bone "mets." Here are the types of cancer that are most likely to metastasize to the bone and what treatments can provide relief.


Question: If my cancer moves to my bones, do I have bone cancer?

Answer: Once in the bone, these cancer cells can form new metastatic tumors. Do you then have bone cancer? For example, breast cancer that spreads is known as "metastatic breast cancer." Metastatic cancers in the bone are also called bone metastases, or bone "mets."


Question: How do checkpoint inhibitors treat mesothelioma?

Answer: Block the Blocker It sounds simple, but in mesothelioma, these proteins can block your immune system's attack. Immunotherapy drugs like atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab are called checkpoint inhibitors because they block the proteins' defense.


Question: How can I prevent ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer: If you are diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, it is important to seek help from a physical therapist. The condition is largely due to genetics, although you may not be aware of anyone in your family with similar symptoms.


Question: How should you sit to prevent back pain?

Answer: You should be able to slip your hand behind the small of your back. Your chair back should be set at an angle of about 10 degrees and should cradle the small of your back comfortably. Your forearms should rest on your desk or work surface with your elbows almost at a right angle.


Question: When should I take my meds for ulcerative colitis flares?

Answer: Or you might think it's OK to skip them because you feel fine. But you need to stick with the plan your doctor prescribed to keep up those benefits. Many people with UC stay on low doses of drugs such as 5- ASAs, which ease inflammation in the colon, or meds such as 6- MP and azathioprine, which turn down an overactive immune system. Your doctor can also check on your treatment plan or see if you need to take another medicine for a short time to help you get through your discomfort.


Question: What should I do to control my asthma when I exercise?

Answer: Before starting an exercise program, talk to your doctor. Always use your pre-exercise asthma medicine (inhaled bronchodilators or cromolyn), if directed by your asthma action plan, before beginning exercise. Perform warm-up exercises, and have a good cool-down period after exercise. If the weather is cold, exercise indoors or wear a mask or scarf over your nose and mouth. If you have allergic asthma, avoid exercising outdoors when pollen counts or air pollution counts are high. Restrict exercise when you have a viral infection, like a cold.


Question: What types of exercise are best for people with asthma?

Answer: Team sports that involve short bursts of exertion -- like volleyball, gymnastics, baseball, and wrestling -- are good, and so are solo or group leisure activities like walking, biking, and hiking. Activities that involve long periods of exertion, such as soccer, distance running, basketball, and field hockey, may not be as easy. Also, cold-weather sports, such as ice hockey, cross-country skiing, and ice skating, may pose challenges. But many people with asthma are able to fully take part in these activities.


Question: What is the cause of HIV and AIDS in children?

Answer: Most children who have HIV got it from their mother when she was pregnant, during the birth process, or from breastfeeding. Women who are tested, and then stick with treatment if they're positive, greatly lower the chance of passing the virus to their babies. This is the best way to prevent HIV in children. Kids in communities affected by AIDS who have lost parents and family members are also more vulnerable to HIV infection. They may lack caregivers, access to school, or the ability to stand up for their rights. Children can be infected through sexual abuse or rape. In central and Eastern Europe, injected drug use spreads HIV among young people living on the streets. The U. S. and Western European countries have medical safeguards to prevent this problem.


Question: What do HIV results mean?

Answer: It generally takes two to 8 weeks for your body to produce antibodies, but in some cases it can take up to six months. No. Being infected with HIV does not necessarily mean that you have AIDS. A negative test does not always mean that you do not have HIV. Signs of HIV may not show up in the blood for several months after infection. For this reason, you should be tested again if you could have been exposed to HIV or are at risk for HIV infection.


Question: Why do screens cause eyestrain?

Answer: That spreads tears evenly over your eyes, which keeps them from getting dry and irritated. But researchers have found that people blink less than half as often when they're reading, watching, or playing on a screen. Also, the contrast of text against the background, the glare, and flickering from digital screens can be hard on your eyes. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.


Question: What is diabetic macular edema?

Answer: High blood sugar can lead to other conditions, like eye problems. The most common one is diabetic macular edema. It's serious and can rob you of your vision. Have you been diagnosed with diabetes?


Question: How is acetaminophen used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: One exception is people with liver disease, who can take acetaminophen only if their doctor watches their health closely. This is a good way to get the benefits of the drug with fewer side effects.


Question: Can I change the dose or stop taking my atrial fibrillation (AFib) medication?

Answer: You might have to adjust your routine because of your symptoms or the medicine you take to treat them. Staying active will help control your weight, improve your sleep, and make your heart stronger. Don't change the dose or stop taking it without first asking your doctor.


Question: What are the pros of photorefractive keratectomy?

Answer: Think of it like a windshield -- light travels through it just and focuses on the retina in the back of your eye. Most of the time, the doctor will apply a bandage contact lens after surgery.


Question: What are the side effects of photorefractive keratectomy?

Answer: You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure. Within the first 6 months you might also notice that you need eyeglasses for improved vision. You should be ready to drive within 1 to 3 weeks.


Question: What are the side effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) eye surgery?

Answer: You might have: Mild discomfort, including minor eye irritation and watering, for 1 to 3 days after the procedure. You should be ready to drive within 1 to 3 weeks. But you probably won't see your best for 6 weeks to 6 months.


Question: What makes me at risk for testicular cancer?

Answer: They include: Testes that didn't form or descend normally. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless.


Question: What are the different types of testicular cancer?

Answer: The majority of cases come in two main types: Seminomas, which are slow-growing and slow-spreading tumors. Nonseminomas, which are usually made up of more than one type of cancer cell. They grow and spread more quickly than seminomas. There are also growths called âstromal tumorsâ that are often benign but sometimes can be cancerous. They show up in the tissues that produce hormones inside the testicles. They account for about 5% of adult cases and about 20% for boys. When you do this test, you usually lie on your back on an exam table.


Question: What are symptoms of testicular cancer other than lumps or swollen testicles?

Answer: However, it's normal for one of your testicles to be larger than the other. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions about your exam. Watch for early signs of puberty, such as the growth of facial hair or a deepening of the voice, in a younger boy. Blood test: In many cases, testicular cancers create proteins or enzymes that can be found in the blood.


Question: What increases my chances of getting testicular cancer?

Answer: They include: Testes that didn't form or descend normally. Your father or brother has had it. You've had testicular cancer before. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Men in their 20s and early 30s make up about half of all cases. Also, white men are as much as five times more likely than African- American or Asian- American men to develop testicular cancer. Being in the higher-risk groups does not mean you will get cancer. And you may not have any of these risk factors and could still develop it. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless.


Question: What are physical signs of testicular cancer other than lumps?

Answer: And you may not have any of these risk factors and could still develop it. However, it's normal for one of your testicles to be larger than the other. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions about your exam.


Question: What are the stages of testicular cancer?

Answer: If they are elevated, it may help doctors determine which type of cancer you have or whether it has spread. That's called a biopsy, and you usually get the result quickly. In Stage 0, the cancer is found only in small tubes inside of the testicle called seminiferous tubules. In Stage II, it has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen. In Stage III, cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other organs, perhaps as far as the lungs, liver or brain. This is known as âmetastasis.â Once your diagnosis is finished, you and your doctor can talk about the best treatment.


Question: What are the different kinds of testicular cancers?

Answer: The majority of cases come in two main types: Seminomas, which are slow-growing and slow-spreading tumors. Nonseminomas, which are usually made up of more than one type of cancer cell. They grow and spread more quickly than seminomas. When you do this test, you usually lie on your back on an exam table.


Question: How much water do I need after childbirth?

Answer: Aim for five servings each day, or seven if you're breastfeeding. If you're breastfeeding, the foods you eat can pass to your baby through your milk.


Question: How many pounds do most new moms lose after childbirth?

Answer: In the months after childbirth, most new moms need between 1,800 and 2,200 calories each day. You may need a supplement to get the right nutrition. If you get fewer than 1,800 calories, you'll see a drastic drop in your energy level and mood. If you're nursing, you can also harm your baby if you don't eat enough. The best thing to do is to stick with a healthy, balanced meal plan, and start exercising when your doctor says it's OK.


Question: What should parents do if they suspect their child is being bullied?

Answer: If it is bullying, most schools have prevention programs and anti-bullying policies. Find out what these policies are and check that they're being enforced. Meet with your child's teacher to talk about the classroom setting and schoolwork.


Question: What steps should be taken if someone suspects substance abuse?

Answer: To help keep your body hydrated, have one with every meal and at least one between meals. Drug addiction can be treated with behavior therapy, sometimes medication, and support.


Question: What should someone do to get good sleep?

Answer: Your brain needs water to work. To improve the quality of your sleep, get some exercise during the day and limit how much you eat and drink right before bed. Try cutting back on or avoiding naps to encourage nighttime slumber.


Question: What are some negative factors to stress?

Answer: Long-term stress can also hurt memory. Talk to your child about what's going on.


Question: Are smartphone apps accurate at checking blood pressure?

Answer: The best way to know for sure if you have high blood pressure is to measure it several times a day for a few months. Early research suggests you can't -- at least not yet. One small study found readings from a popular blood pressure app were highly inaccurate. A review of several apps notes that most haven't been scientifically proven to give correct readings. It recommends more studies before apps are used for medical purposes.


Question: What are pros and cons of using wrist monitors for blood pressure?

Answer: You can even choose a model that you wear on your arm or wrist during the day. They may be less accurate than the ones that use a cuff. That's because you need to take the reading with your arm at heart level. Other positions can affect your numbers. But they could be a good option if a cuff monitor hurts or if your upper arm is too large for one.


Question: What should you expect if you have renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: The stage of cancer depends on how large your tumor is and whether the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. The earlier you find and treat renal cell carcinoma, the better your progress will be. Treatment helps many people fight the cancer, and you have several good options to ease pain and other symptoms.


Question: What can you do to take care of yourself during treatment for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: No matter when you're diagnosed, you can do certain things to ease your symptoms and feel better during your treatment. Eat well. You need calories and nutrients to stay strong for treatment. If it's hard for you to eat, try smaller meals every few hours instead of three big meals. Keep moving. Exercise is good for your body and your mind. Your treatment may leave you feeling tired, so be sure to balance activity with rest. Follow your treatment plan. Keep your doctor in the loop about any changes in how you're feeling. Get support. It's important to take care of your emotional health, too. Trained counselors and support groups can offer safe places to talk about how you and your loved ones feel. Also, ask for help from family, friends, and members of your community.


Question: What are the warning signs of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: As the disease gets more serious, you might have warning signs like: A lump on your side, belly, or lower back Blood in your pee Low back pain on one side Losing weight for no clear reason Not feeling hungry Fever Feeling tired Not enough red blood cells (anemia) Night sweats High levels of calcium in your blood High blood pressure Your doctor will want to find out more about your symptoms to figure out what's going on. These treatments usually don't work well for renal cell carcinoma.


Question: When will I get my stitches removed after surgery?

Answer: So skip a bath or shower on the first day, though a sponge bath is usually OK. You might be able to shower by the second day, but it depends on the type of operation you had, so check with your doctor. Ask if you need to put on a waterproof dressing. They disappear on their own in 7 to 10 days. Your doctor can remove other kinds of stitches or staples in 5 to 21 days, depending on the surgery you had.


Question: Should I keep my wound out of the sun after surgery?

Answer: They can damage the skin in the wound and delay healing. For the first 6 months after your operation, try to keep it out of sunlight. When you're outside in daylight, cover it with tape or put on sunscreen.


Question: How do I keep my wound clean after surgery?

Answer: First, soak the cloth or gauze in soapy water or in a mixture of sterile water and salt. Then, gently wipe or dab the skin around the wound. Your doctor will tell you how to wash out your wound. He may say to fill a syringe with salt water or mild soapy water. This will help rinse away any pus that's draining out. Last, pat it dry with clean gauze or a clean cloth.


Question: Do I need to keep my wound dry after surgery?

Answer: So skip a bath or shower on the first day, though a sponge bath is usually OK. You might be able to shower by the second day, but it depends on the type of operation you had, so check with your doctor. Once you have the go-ahead to get your whole body wet, it's better to shower than to take a bath. That's because soaking your wound can soften it and may cause it to open up again. Ask if you need to put on a waterproof dressing. If your cut opens up, call your doctor.


Question: What are other kinds of treatments for neuropathic pain?

Answer: Effective management of the condition can also help prevent further nerve damage. Some of these include: Physical therapy Working with a counselor Relaxation therapy Massage therapy Acupuncture Unfortunately, neuropathic pain often responds poorly to standard pain treatments and occasionally may get worse instead of better over time.


Question: What is neuropathic pain?

Answer: It often is the result of nerve damage or a malfunctioning nervous system. The impact of nerve damage is a change in nerve function both at the site of the injury and areas around it. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } One example of neuropathic pain is called phantom limb syndrome. This rare condition occurs when an arm or a leg has been removed because of illness or injury, but the brain still gets pain messages from the nerves that originally carried impulses from the missing limb. These nerves now misfire and cause pain. But some common causes of neuropathic pain include: Alcoholism Amputation Chemotherapy Diabetes Facial nerve problems HIV infection or AIDS Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Nerve or spinal cord compression from herniated discs or from arthritis in the spine Shingles Spine surgery Syphilis Thyroid problems Neuropathic pain symptoms may include: Shooting and burning pain Tingling and numbness To diagnose neuropathic pain, a doctor will conduct an interview and physical exam.


Question: What are common side effects of hyaluronic acid fillers?

Answer: These types of dermal fillers are sometimes called "hyaluronic acid fillers." Side effects of hyaluronic acid fillers are temporary and should only last a few days. They may include: Bleeding from the injection sites Swelling and bruising Redness and tenderness at the site of the injection Reactivation of cold sores or fever blisters (herpes simplex) of the lips or area surrounding the lips More serious side effects or risks may include: Severe and prolonged swelling or bruising lasting one week to 10 days Lip asymmetry (parts of lips are different sizes) Lumps and irregularities in the lips Infection Injection into a blood vessel, causing tissue loss Ulceration, scarring, or stiffening of the lip Allergic reaction causing redness, swelling, or itching around the lips Call your doctor immediately if you experience extreme swelling or develop a fever. Enhanced lips may make your lips plumper and fuller, but you will still be you when you walk out of the doctor's office.


Question: When might you not be a candidate for lip augmentation?

Answer: Lip augmentation is a cosmetic procedure that can give you fuller, plumper lips. Before undergoing lip augmentation you should be in good health and a nonsmoker. You may not be a candidate for lip augmentation if you have: An active infection such as oral herpes Diabetes Lupus Blood-clotting problems If you have ever had a cold sore (oral herpes) any time in the past, you should tell your doctor before undergoing the procedure. If you have any known allergies or are allergic to lidocaine, tell your doctor before undergoing the procedure. Also, tell your doctor about any medications you are taking, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.


Question: What are the types of doctors that can perform lip augmentation?

Answer: Lip augmentation is a cosmetic procedure that can give you fuller, plumper lips. There are several specialists who can perform lip augmentation, including: Plastic surgeons Dermatologists Cosmetic facial surgeons The most important thing is to find a doctor who is qualified and experienced in giving injections and one whom you trust.


Question: What are the types of hyaluronic acid fillers on the market?

Answer: Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance found in the body. There are several hyaluronic acid fillers on the market. Among them are these products: Restylane, Restylane- L, Restylane Silk Juvederm Ultra, Juvederm Ultra Plus Belotero Balance Hyla Form Elevess Prevelle Silk Captique All of these products are injected the same way and give you similar results. And some contain lidocaine, a local anesthetic.


Question: What is collagen and fat injections as lip augmentation?

Answer: Lip augmentation is a cosmetic procedure that can give you fuller, plumper lips. These days, an injectable dermal filler is the most commonly used method of lip augmentation. The newer options are safer and the effects last longer. Fat injections and implants are other methods to plump lips. But they aren't used as much today because the results vary and there is a greater risk of side effects.


Question: Is lip augmentation right for you?

Answer: Lip augmentation is a cosmetic procedure that can give you fuller, plumper lips. It helps increase volume in your lips. To answer this question, you must first ask yourself why you want to modify your lips. If you are considering lip augmentation to make someone else happy or to try to fit an ideal image, you may want to think twice. Also, it's important to have realistic expectations about the outcome. Enhanced lips may make your lips plumper and fuller, but you will still be you when you walk out of the doctor's office. Your doctor can discuss with you the pros and cons of your lip augmentation options and help you decide which technique or product is best for you.


Question: How can sex and masturbation affect my risks of getting a prostate cancer?

Answer: Research suggests that the more often men ejaculate, the less likely they are to have the disease. Some things to consider: There's no proof that ejaculating more actually causes lower chances of prostate cancer. For now, doctors just know they're connected. It may be that men who do it more tend to have other healthy habits that are lowering their odds.


Question: What does the research show about whether ejaculation lowers the risk of getting prostate cancer?

Answer: But the 2016 results of a major study made the strongest case yet. The researchers asked men to answer questions about how often they ejaculated. Then they tracked almost 32,000 of these men for 18 years. The researchers found that guys who did it the most (at least 21 times a month) had about a 20% lower chance of prostate cancer, compared with those who did it less (4 to 7 times a month). That was true in several age groups. But some smaller studies have not shown the same good results.


Question: What causes dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Some things that are linked to AMD are out of your control, like the genes that your parents passed down to you. The condition is linked with bits of fat and protein called drusen. They can collect under your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light. No one knows where the drusen come from, but they are thought to be pieces of waste from the retina. If you're over the age of 50 you probably have some hard drusen in your eyes. These are normal and harmless, especially if they aren't in your macula -- the small area at the center of your retina. Drusen in early AMD are quite small. They get larger as the condition moves from early to intermediate to advanced. In advanced-stage AMD, drusen are larger and more numerous. They keep oxygen from reaching your eye.


Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth.


Question: What is binge eating disorder like?

Answer: Binge eating disorder . It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. Because they often feel ashamed and disgusted with themselves, people with bulimia become very good at hiding the bulimic behaviors. Because people with binge eating disorder do not purge, fast, or exercise after they binge, they are usually overweight or obese. Unlike other eating disorders, binge eating disorder is almost as common in men as it is in women. According to statistics from the National Institute of Mental Health, the average age at onset for binge eating disorder is 25, and it is more common in people under age 60.


Question: What is anorexia nervosa like?

Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. About one-third to one-half of anorexics also binge and purge by vomiting or misusing laxatives. People with anorexia have a distorted body image, thinking they are overweight when in fact they are underweight. They may count calories obsessively and only allow themselves tiny portions of certain specific foods. When confronted, someone with anorexia will often deny that there's a problem. The signs of anorexia can be subtle at first, because it develops gradually. It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event like a school dance or a beach vacation. But as the disorder takes hold, preoccupation with weight intensifies. It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image.


Question: What are the symptoms and behaviors common in people with anorexia?

Answer: Refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats Avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others Preparing elaborate meals for others but refusing to eat them Exercising excessively Making comments about being âfatâ Stopping menstruating Complaining about constipation or stomach pain Denying that extreme thinness is a problem Because people with anorexia are so good at hiding it, the disease may become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat.


Question: What are the different types of eating disorders?

Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. People with anorexia feel they can never be thin enough and continue to see themselves as âfatâ despite extreme weight loss. Bulimia nervosa. The condition is marked by cycles of extreme overeating, known as bingeing, followed by purging or other behaviors to compensate for the overeating. It is also associated with feelings of loss of control about eating. Binge eating disorder . This is characterized by regular episodes of extreme overeating and feelings of loss of control about eating. It's common for people with eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on.


Question: What can happen if binge eating disorder is left untreated?

Answer: Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat. The stimulant drug Vyvanse is FDA-approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder. Also, because depression often goes hand in hand with binge eating disorder, antidepressants and psychotherapy may also help. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of an eating disorder is the first step toward getting help for it. Eating disorders are treatable, and with the right treatment and support, most people with an eating disorder can learn healthy eating habits and get their lives back on track.


Question: Why isn't there a cold vaccine?

Answer: These illnesses are caused by different viruses. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You need to be careful about coughing and sneezing around other people. The only way you get sick is when you come into contact with a virus.


Question: How effective is zinc for colds?

Answer: There are mixed reviews on zinc. Some studies show that zinc nasal sprays can help reduce how long your cold lasts and make your symptoms less severe. And because of the risk of a loss of smell, many experts recommend that you avoid zinc nasal sprays completely.


Question: What can you do to prevent colds naturally?

Answer: Zinc sprays may coat the cold virus and prevent it from attaching to cells in your nose, where they enter your body. Dark-green foods like spinach are loaded with vitamins A and C. Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation. Low-fat yogurt may help activate the immune system. Regular exercise also boosts the immune system. People who do it may still catch a virus, but their symptoms aren't as bad, and they may recover more quickly.


Question: Does therapy help with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you still have trouble dealing with your condition, see a therapist, advises Gerson. Psychotherapy is part of an approach called behavioral therapy. Other types of this treatment include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.


Question: How can I ease the stress of having IBS?

Answer: Meditation and other stress management techniques may also be valuable in dealing with uncomfortable situations. " When you start to get that panic feeling, you can go into that other state of consciousness," says Gerson, noting that regular practice of things like meditation can help you even if you're in the middle of a meeting. " If you still have trouble dealing with your condition, see a therapist, advises Gerson. Other types of this treatment include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.


Question: How can I prepare for IBS flareups?

Answer: The more you know about your condition and the type of IBS you have, the better you can deal with it. Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. " For instance, if you're going to a wedding, concert, or movie, sit at the back or end of the row for easy access to the facilities. If you go to a dinner, find out what's on the menu so that you can eat beforehand should the fare be something that would be disagreeable. Accepting embarrassing situations may also help, says Jacks. " She adds: If you don't tell people, they may imagine reasons for your behavior that are stranger than IBS. And remember, it's human to have embarrassments. Situations may not be as bad as you think. You may find other people have not noticed your trips to the bathroom or that they're dealing with their own awkward issues. "


Question: How can you prepare yourself for situations if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. " She says people may feel more comfortable if they do a little research before going to an event. " For instance, if you're going to a wedding, concert, or movie, sit at the back or end of the row for easy access to the facilities. If you go to a dinner, find out what's on the menu so that you can eat beforehand should the fare be something that would be disagreeable. Accepting embarrassing situations may also help, says Jacks. " You have to be honest and say, ' Sorry, but I have an illness.'" She adds: If you don't tell people, they may imagine reasons for your behavior that are stranger than IBS. Situations may not be as bad as you think. You may find other people have not noticed your trips to the bathroom or that they're dealing with their own awkward issues. "


Question: How should I let people know about my IBS?

Answer: Seek out support from trusted family and friends. " Let them know that you have a valid chronic illness, and when symptoms flare up, you have no control over it, suggests Roberts. This might mean bringing in educational materials about the disorder. At the same time, tell them that you've got a plan to deal with the syndrome (such as taking medication or going to the bathroom a few times), and that, despite it all, you'll remain a dedicated worker. If you have a problem with your union or boss, it might help to get a note from your doctor, explaining the illness and what might occur with symptoms. You may well find that most people are more supportive if you're honest with them, says Lynn Jacks, founder of an IBS support group in Summit, N. J.


Question: How can you cope with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: While there is no cure for the disorder, treatments are available. Learn as much as you can about the syndrome. It helps to talk with your doctor. Ask him or her any questions you may have about the disorder, no matter how embarrassing it might be. The more you know about your condition and the type of IBS you have, the better you can deal with it. Also, read books, pamphlets, and reliable sources of information on the Internet. Try the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ( IFFGD) at www.iffgd.org, or call the organization at (414) 964-1799. You can find information about IBS, health care provider directories, and support networks. Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. "


Question: What is rehabilitation like for a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: Your doctor will need to move the arm bone back into the shoulder socket. This will make your shoulder muscles stronger and more limber. It will both help you recover and reduce the chances of future shoulder injuries. You might start with gentle stretching exercises that become more intense as you get better. But don't start exercising without talking to your doctor first. Whatever you do, don't rush things. Ease back into your sport.


Question: What can you do to treat a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: After the shoulder bone is repositioned, you can use conservative treatment to reduce pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every three to four hours, for 2 to 3 days or longer. Use a sling or shoulder immobilizer to prevent further injury until you get medical treatment. Then follow the doctor's advice about whether or not to use a sling. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve), will help with pain and swelling. However, these drugs may have side effects, like an increased risk of bleeding and ulcers or heart attacks and strokes. They should not be used for extended periods of time, unless your doctor specifically says otherwise. Practice stretching and strengthening exercises if your doctor recommends them.


Question: How are dislocated shoulders treated?

Answer: Dislocated shoulder. Your doctor will need to move the arm bone back into the shoulder socket. Since the joint will get more swollen and more painful by the minute, the sooner the better. Once the arm bone is back in the socket, some of the pain will go away. After the shoulder bone is repositioned, you can use conservative treatment to reduce pain and swelling.


Question: How long does it take for a dislocated or a separated shoulder to get better?

Answer: Sports that pose a higher risk of these two injuries are: Football Hockey Rock climbing Rugby Soccer Skiing Volleyball Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder are: Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm, making it difficult to move the arm Deformation of the shoulder -- a bump in the front or back of your shoulder, depending on how the bone has been dislocated Symptoms of a separated shoulder are: Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone Swelling Bruising Deformed shoulder To diagnose a separated shoulder or dislocated shoulder, your doctor will give you a thorough exam. Separated shoulders may heal over a period of 6 weeks. Dislocated shoulders may take longer -- more like 3 to 12 weeks. But these lengths of time are just approximations. Everyone heals at a different rate. Some symptoms, like stiffness, may linger for a time. A separated shoulder can sometimes leave a permanent, but painless, bump on your shoulder.


Question: Does the vaccine help prevent shingles?

Answer: You were age 50 or older when you had shingles the first time. It was approved in 2017 and has been found to be more than 90% effective in preventing shingles and the complications caused by the disease. Even if you've already had shingles, the CDC says the vaccine can help prevent a second round of it. Shingrix is preferred over an earlier vaccine, Zostavax. You should also get it if you previously had the Zostavax vaccine. Talk to your doctor about when to get the vaccine. If you've just gotten over shingles, he CDC recommends waiting at least until the shingles rash has disappeared. You should not get the Shingrix vaccine if you: Are pregnant or nursing You are allergic to the vaccine You tested negative for immunity to chickenpox (varicella zoster)- If so, you should ask about the chicken pox (varicella) vaccine Since the older vaccine, Zostavax, is a live virus, You should not get it if you are allergic to the vaccine, have a weakened immune system, or are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant in the next 4 weeks.


Question: Will my shingles come back?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } That doesn't mean it can't happen, it's just unlikely. Also called herpes zoster, shingles can come back a second or, rarely, a third time. But you can take steps to help prevent it, or ease it the next time around. If you had it once, you know the symptoms.


Question: How often does shingles return?

Answer: Experts don't know exactly how many people get shingles more than once. Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); If your immune system is healthy: In the first several years, your chances of having shingles again are lower than it is for people who have never had shingles. Over time, your chances of a second bout go up. One study found that within 7 years, the odds of getting it again may be almost 5%. That's about the same as the odds of getting shingles the first time. If you had it once, you know the symptoms.


Question: When will your doctor stop your combination therapy for cancer?

Answer: Your doctor may choose to stop one if the side effects are too severe. He may also stop a treatment if you don't improve by a certain time. You could be more likely to have a serious heart problem or other severe side effects than if you only took one of the drugs.


Question: How does combination therapy help fight melanoma?

Answer: This means you'll get more than one treatment at the same time to attack the cancer cells. Your doctor will decide what type is best for you based on your health and the type of melanoma you have. You may have more severe side effects than if you only got one treatment at a time. Some of today's newer cancer treatments target certain mutated genes or proteins that cancer needs to thrive or survive.


Question: Which medications can treat Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: There are three drugs of this type: donepezil ( Aricept), galantamine ( Razadyne), and rivastigmine ( Exelon). Memantine ( Namenda)treats moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. It works by changing the amount of a brain chemical called glutamate, which plays a role in learning and memory. This drug is a mix of Namenda and Aricept. It's best for people with moderate to severe Alzheimer's who already take the two drugs separately.


Question: What is in apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Apple cider vinegar is mostly apple juice, but adding yeast turns the sugar in the juice into alcohol. That's what gives vinegar its sour taste and strong smell.


Question: What are the downsides of drinking apple cider vinegar?

Answer: It can cause problems, like eroding the enamel of your teeth, if you get too much. Because of its high acidity, drinking a lot of apple cider vinegar can damage your teeth, hurt your throat, and upset your stomach. Your muscles and nerves need that nutrient to work the way they should. Another study of people with type 1 diabetes found that apple cider vinegar slows the rate food and liquids move out of your stomach to your intestines. Slower digestion makes it harder to control your blood sugar level. It might cause some medications to not work as well.


Question: Is it safe to drink apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Some people say the âmother,â the cloud of yeast and bacteria you might see in a bottle of apple cider vinegar, is what makes it healthy. You can try it because it's calorie-free, adds lots of flavor to food, and has health benefits. But it isn't a miracle cure.


Question: What is the role of female hormones in lupus?

Answer: Although it can occur in both men and women, 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. This is especially true of women during their reproductive years, a time when hormone levels are highest.


Question: How can the sun affect lupus?

Answer: People with lupus also develop specific problems when the immune system attacks a particular organ or area in the body. All lupus patients should protect themselves from the sun; limit time in the sun, especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., wearing sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen when you are out in the sun.


Question: How is lupus diagnosed?

Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood. Lupus is diagnosed when a person has several features of the disease (including symptoms, findings on examination, and blood test abnormalities). The American College of Rheumatology has devised criteria to assist doctors in making the correct diagnosis of lupus. A person should have at least four of the following 11 criteria, either at the same time or one after the other, to be classified as having lupus. These criteria include: Malar rash, a "butterfly" rash that appears on the cheeks. Discoid rash, red, scaly patches on the skin that cause scarring. Photosensitivity , a skin reaction or sensitivity to sunlight. Oral ulcers (open mouth sores). Kidney disorder, either excess protein in the urine (proteinuria) or red blood cells in the urine. Neurological disorder, seizures, or psychosis. Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleuritis) or of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) Blood disorder , either low red blood cell count (anemia), low white blood cell count (leukopenia), decrease in lymphocytes (lymphopenia), or decrease in blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Immunologic disorder, including the presence of certain cells or autoantibodies, or a false-positive test result for syphilis. Abnormal blood work, a positive antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test result from blood work.


Question: How does drug-induced lupus occur?

Answer: These symptoms generally improve after the drug is discontinued. Its use is becoming increasingly popular for skin disease, arthritis, and other non-life-threatening forms of disease that have not responded to medications such as hydroxychloroquine or low doses of prednisone.


Question: How can lupus lead to blood clots?

Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood clots are more common in people with lupus. Blood can be tested for these antibodies. Heart and Lungs.


Question: Can you get lupus from your family members?

Answer: These antibodies are abnormal proteins that may increase the tendency of the blood to clot. The observation that lupus may affect more than one member of the same family has raised the possibility that the tendency to develop lupus may be inherited. People with lupus may develop rashes or disease flares when exposed to the sun.


Question: How are steroids used to treat lupus?

Answer: Drugs used to treat lupus include: Steroids . The use of creams is usually safe and effective, especially for mild rashes. The use of steroid creams or tablets in low doses can be effective for mild or moderate features of lupus. Unfortunately, high doses also are most likely to produce side effects.


Question: What is lupus?

Answer: Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection. In lupus, however, the immune system inappropriately attacks tissues in various parts of the body. This abnormal activity leads to tissue damage and illness. A drug that suppresses the immune system and is also used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.


Question: How can lupus affect your brain and spinal cord?

Answer: Kidney involvement in people with lupus can be life threatening and may occur in up to half of those with lupus. Brain and Spinal Cord.


Question: What are the drawbacks of using Cologuard for screening colon cancer?

Answer: How Does Cologuard Compare to Other At- Home Colon Cancer Tests? Or it can say you don't have a potential problem when you really do, and the test just missed it. A colonoscopy can miss polyps, but the odds are very low. That's why many doctors still consider this test the gold standard.


Question: How does Cologuard for screening colon cancer work?

Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. You collect a stool sample and mail it to a lab in a prepaid, pre-addressed box. The lab will then send results to your doctor within 2 weeks.


Question: How can you screen for colon cancer at home?

Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. The FDA approved it in 2014. It's also more accurate than others.


Question: What is hydrocephalus?

Answer: The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). The purposes of the fluid are to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, to supply them with nutrients, and to remove some of their waste products. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Some people are born with the condition, while others develop it during their lives. NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time.


Question: What is the treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. However, many people with the condition obtain substantial relief through surgical treatment. For those who are not candidates for surgery, treatment consists of measures to relieve mood and behavioral problems, cope with physical problems such as incontinence and walking difficulties, and maximize physical, mental, and social functioning.


Question: What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time. At first, the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus are usually very subtle. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.


Question: What is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. The slow enlargement of the ventricles means that the fluid pressure in the brain may not be as high as in other types of hydrocephalus. The parts of the brain most often affected in NPH are those that control the legs, the bladder, and the "cognitive" mental processes such as memory, reasoning, problem solving, and speaking. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.


Question: How is a shunt used for normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: A shunt is a thin tube that is implanted in the brain by a neurosurgeon. The tube is routed under the skin from the head to another part of the body, usually the peritoneum (the lower belly). The shunt is equipped with a valve that opens to release fluid when the pressure builds up. The fluid drains harmlessly and is later absorbed by the bloodstream. A shunt operation is not a cure.


Question: How is normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosed?

Answer: The medical professional will ask you questions about your symptoms and when they started, your medical and mental problems now and in the past, your family's medical problems, medications you have taken now and in the past, your work and travel experiences, and your habits and lifestyle. The exam will probably include tests of your mental status, such as answering questions and following simple directions. Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain.


Question: What is the follow-up care for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Your neurologist or neurosurgeon should discuss with you and your family what to expect as time goes on. These visits allow the doctor to monitor your symptoms. Changes in symptoms may require adjustments in care.


Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain. MRI of the head : This scan uses radio signals and a strong magnet to create a detailed picture of the brain.


Question: Are there other drugs besides methotrexate that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug. ( DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug). You'll probably take folic acid supplements along with methotrexate. This vitamin can help you lower your chance of certain side effects. Talk to your doctor before you take any drug or supplement. Not all drugs mix well.


Question: What are some steps to stay well while taking methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: So take these steps to stay well: Try to avoid people with infections like colds or flu. Wash your hands regularly. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough. Don't take live vaccines like the nasal flu mist, measles, mumps, or shingles shots while you take methotrexate. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate.


Question: What are the side effects of methotrexate?

Answer: He can adjust your dose so you feel better. Minor side effects should lessen over time. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough.