Question: What symptoms can lactose intolerance cause?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation. There is also no cure for lactose intolerance, but it usually helps to avoid milk, cheese, and other dairy foods.


Question: How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or lactose intolerance treated?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and lactose intolerance can seem similar. They usually diagnose IBS based on the symptoms you describe.


Question: What symptoms can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and lactose intolerance can seem similar. Symptoms can change over time and flare up, get better, or disappear. Medications like anti-diarrhea drugs or laxatives can make you feel better, too.


Question: How often do you need to get oral cancer screenings?

Answer: The American Cancer Society recommends oral cancer screening exams every three years for persons over age 20 and annually for those over age 40. During your next dental appointment, ask your dentist to perform an oral exam. Early detection of oral cancer can improve the chance of successful treatment.


Question: What might my doctor recommend to treat psoriasis around my mouth and nose?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend: A prescription corticosteroid you can drip in your ear or apply to the outside of your ear canal Calcipotriene or tazarotene usually mixed with a corticosteroid cream or ointment Mouth and Nose Your doctor may recommend: Steroid creams or ointments that are made for moist areas Rinsing often with a saline solution to relieve pain Low-potency corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% ointment Pimecrolimus or tacrolimus Here are a few basic tips: Use small amounts.


Question: How should I apply psoriasis medication to my face?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend: A prescription corticosteroid you can drip in your ear or apply to the outside of your ear canal Calcipotriene or tazarotene usually mixed with a corticosteroid cream or ointment Mouth and Nose Your doctor may recommend: Steroid creams or ointments that are made for moist areas Rinsing often with a saline solution to relieve pain Low-potency corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% ointment Pimecrolimus or tacrolimus Here are a few basic tips: Use small amounts. Be careful when you apply creams and ointments around the eyes. Some treatments can irritate them. Follow your doctor's instructions for taking the medication so you can prevent side effects, especially with steroids. Ask your doctor if you can use makeup to conceal the psoriasis on your face. Some products can prevent treatment from working. If your medication doesn't help or causes too many side effects, work with your doctor to figure out a treatment that will help.


Question: What topical treatment can be used to treat psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Crisaborole ( Eucrisa) ointment is another topical medicine recently approved by the FDA for eczema that can reduce inflammation. It can cause temporary burning or stinging upon application.


Question: How is psoriasis around your mouth and nose treated?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend: A prescription corticosteroid you can drip in your ear or apply to the outside of your ear canal Calcipotriene or tazarotene usually mixed with a corticosteroid cream or ointment Mouth and Nose Your doctor may recommend: Steroid creams or ointments that are made for moist areas Rinsing often with a saline solution to relieve pain Low-potency corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% ointment Pimecrolimus or tacrolimus Here are a few basic tips: Use small amounts.


Question: What might my doctor recommend for psoriais in the ear?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend: A prescription corticosteroid you can drip in your ear or apply to the outside of your ear canal Calcipotriene or tazarotene usually mixed with a corticosteroid cream or ointment Mouth and Nose Your doctor may recommend: Steroid creams or ointments that are made for moist areas Rinsing often with a saline solution to relieve pain Low-potency corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% ointment Pimecrolimus or tacrolimus Here are a few basic tips: Use small amounts.


Question: What should you know about treating psoriasis on the eyelids?

Answer: Be careful when you treat psoriasis around your eyes. The skin on eyelids is delicate and gets damaged easily. Tell your doctor about any problems you have. Psoriasis in the eye is very rare. If you have it, your eyes can be painfully dry. You may need antibiotics to treat an eye infection if you get one.


Question: How is psoriasis on the eyelids treated?

Answer: Eyelids To treat this area, your doctor may recommend: Special corticosteroids to treat scaling. But don't overuse them. If they get into your eyes, they can lead to glaucoma or cataracts. The eczema drugs crisaborole ( Eucrisa) ointment, pimecrolimus ( Elidel), or tacrolimus ( Protopic). They don't cause the side effects of steroids. They can sting the first few days you use them.


Question: What can happen if you have psoriasis on your eyelids?

Answer: The rims may turn up or down if they're inflamed for a long time.


Question: How can you know how to best treat psoriasis on the face?

Answer: In this area, the condition usually affects your: Eyebrows Skin between your nose and upper lip Upper forehead Hairline You have a lot of options for treating psoriasis in these areas. Work closely with your doctor to find what works best for you.


Question: How are retinoids used to treat psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Retinoids, such as tazarotene gel ( Tazorac), help remove scales and may ease inflammation. But skin irritation is a side effect.


Question: How is synthetic vitamin D used to treat psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Synthetic vitamin D , such as calcipotriene ( Dovonex, Sorilux) ointment or cream, slows the growth of skin cells. But it can also irritate your face. Calcitriol ( Rocaltrol, Vectical) is a newer vitamin D drug for psoriasis that some studies suggest may be better for sensitive skin.


Question: Should I be careful when I treat psoriasis on my eyelids?

Answer: Be careful when you treat psoriasis around your eyes. The skin on eyelids is delicate and gets damaged easily. Tell your doctor about any problems you have.


Question: What drugs are used to treat psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) are two drugs the FDA has approved for eczema, a different skin condition. Some dermatologists recommend these drugs for psoriasis on the face. But talk to your doctor about whether you need these medicines. The FDA says people should use them only for a short time since some studies have linked the drugs to cancer risks.


Question: What treatments for eczema may be used for psoriasis on your face?

Answer: Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) are two drugs the FDA has approved for eczema, a different skin condition. Some dermatologists recommend these drugs for psoriasis on the face. But talk to your doctor about whether you need these medicines. The FDA says people should use them only for a short time since some studies have linked the drugs to cancer risks.


Question: How does psoriasis affect the face?

Answer: Psoriasis on the face is different than on other parts of the body. Your skin there is thinner and may be more sensitive to treatments. In this area, the condition usually affects your: Eyebrows Skin between your nose and upper lip Upper forehead Hairline You have a lot of options for treating psoriasis in these areas.


Question: Where can psoriasis appear on your face?

Answer: Mouth You might have white and gray lesions: On your gums or tongue Inside the cheek Inside your nose On the lips Doctors aren't sure what causes psoriasis, but they know that genes and your immune system play a major role.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriasis on the eyelids?

Answer: They vary depending on what part of your face the psoriasis affects: Eyelids Scales cover the lashes. The edges of your lids may get red and crusty. The rims may turn up or down if they're inflamed for a long time.


Question: When should you ask your doctor for prescription medication for psoriasis on your face?

Answer: These include: Apremilast ( Otezla) Cyclosporine ( Neoral) Low-dose retinoids Methotrexate ( Trexall) Biologics such as: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita) Brodalumad ( Sliq) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi) Infliximab ( Remicade) Risankizumab-rzaa ( SKYRIZI) Secukinumab ( Cosentyx) Ustekinumab ( Stelara) Each works differently, but they can be helpful for moderate to severe psoriasis. Ask your doctor if you can use makeup to conceal the psoriasis on your face.


Question: Besides medicine, what else can help my psoriasis?

Answer: Lotion, creams, or other moisturizers. UVB phototherapy.


Question: How can psoriasis affect the ears?

Answer: Eyes Dry, inflamed, irritated eyes Trouble seeing Ears Scales build up and can block your ear canal, causing hearing loss. Usually, psoriasis doesn't affect the inner ear. Ask your doctor if you can use makeup to conceal the psoriasis on your face.


Question: What are the main treatments for psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe just one or a mixture of them, including treatments that go on your skin such as: Low-potency corticosteroids, which are ointments, creams, lotions, and sprays that reduce redness and swelling. Synthetic vitamin D , such as calcipotriene ( Dovonex, Sorilux) ointment or cream, slows the growth of skin cells. But it can also irritate your face. Calcitriol ( Rocaltrol, Vectical) is a newer vitamin D drug for psoriasis that some studies suggest may be better for sensitive skin. Retinoids, such as tazarotene gel ( Tazorac), help remove scales and may ease inflammation.


Question: What should you do if you pass out from hypoglycemia?

Answer: Hypoglycemia may make you pass out. If so, you'll need someone to give you a glucagon injection. Glucagon is a prescription medicine that raises blood sugar, and you may need it if you have severe hypoglycemia. It's important that your family members and friends know how to give the injection in case you have a low blood sugar reaction. If you see someone having a severe hypoglycemic reaction, call 911 or take him or her to the nearest hospital for treatment. Do not try to give an unconscious person food, fluids, or insulin, as they may choke.


Question: What should you do if you have hypoglycemia?

Answer: First, eat or drink 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as: Three to four glucose tablets One tube of glucose gel Four to six pieces of hard candy (not sugar-free) 1/2 cup fruit juice 1 cup skim milk 1/2 cup soft drink (not sugar-free) 1 tablespoon honey (put it under your tongue so it gets absorbed into your bloodstream faster) Fifteen minutes after you've eaten a food with sugar in it, check your blood sugar again. If your blood sugar is still less than 70 mg/d L, eat another serving of one of the foods listed above. Repeat these steps until your sugar becomes normal.


Question: What happens if hypoglycemia isn't treated?

Answer: Early symptoms include: Confusion Dizziness Feeling shaky Hunger Headaches Irritability Pounding heart; racing pulse Pale skin Sweating Trembling Weakness Anxiety Without treatment, you might get more severe symptoms, including: Poor coordination Poor concentration Numbness in mouth and tongue Passing out Seizures Nightmares or bad dreams Coma Ask your doctor if any of your medicines can cause low blood sugar.


Question: What are the early symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer: Early symptoms include: Confusion Dizziness Feeling shaky Hunger Headaches Irritability Pounding heart; racing pulse Pale skin Sweating Trembling Weakness Anxiety Without treatment, you might get more severe symptoms, including: Poor coordination Poor concentration Numbness in mouth and tongue Passing out Seizures Nightmares or bad dreams Coma Ask your doctor if any of your medicines can cause low blood sugar.


Question: Can I drive if I have low blood sugar?

Answer: If you're driving and you have hypoglycemia symptoms, pull off the road, check your blood sugar, and eat a sugary food. Wait at least 15 minutes, check your blood sugar, and repeat these steps if necessary. Eat a protein and carbohydrate source (such as peanut butter crackers or cheese and crackers) before you drive on. Be prepared. Keep a sugar source in your car at all times for emergencies.


Question: What should I do if I see someone having a severe hypoglycemic reaction?

Answer: If you see someone having a severe hypoglycemic reaction, call 911 or take him or her to the nearest hospital for treatment. Do not try to give an unconscious person food, fluids, or insulin, as they may choke.


Question: How long should I wait to check my blood sugar again after eating a food with sugar?

Answer: First, eat or drink 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as: Three to four glucose tablets One tube of glucose gel Four to six pieces of hard candy (not sugar-free) 1/2 cup fruit juice 1 cup skim milk 1/2 cup soft drink (not sugar-free) 1 tablespoon honey (put it under your tongue so it gets absorbed into your bloodstream faster) Fifteen minutes after you've eaten a food with sugar in it, check your blood sugar again.


Question: Can medications cause low blood sugar in people with diabetes?

Answer: Early symptoms include: Confusion Dizziness Feeling shaky Hunger Headaches Irritability Pounding heart; racing pulse Pale skin Sweating Trembling Weakness Anxiety Without treatment, you might get more severe symptoms, including: Poor coordination Poor concentration Numbness in mouth and tongue Passing out Seizures Nightmares or bad dreams Coma Ask your doctor if any of your medicines can cause low blood sugar. Insulin treatment can cause low blood sugar, and so can a type of diabetes medications called "sulfonylureas."


Question: Which diabetes medications are sulfonylureas?

Answer: Commonly used sulfonylureas include: Glimepiride ( Amaryl) Glipizide ( Glucotrol) Glibenclamide ( Glyburide, Micronase) Older, less common sulfonlyureas tend to cause low blood sugar more often than some of the newer ones. Examples of older drugs include: chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) repaglinide ( Prandin) tolazamide ( Tolinase) tolbutamide ( Orinase) You can also get low blood sugar if you drink alcohol or take allopurinol ( Zyloprim), aspirin, Benemid, probenecid ( Probalan), or warfarin ( Coumadin) with diabetes medications.


Question: At what blood sugar level do symptoms of hypoglycemia occur?

Answer: Most people feel symptoms of hypoglycemia when their blood sugar is 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or lower. Each person with diabetes may have different symptoms of hypoglycemia.


Question: Is it okay to drive if you have hypoglycemia?

Answer: If you're driving and you have hypoglycemia symptoms, pull off the road, check your blood sugar, and eat a sugary food. Wait at least 15 minutes, check your blood sugar, and repeat these steps if necessary. Eat a protein and carbohydrate source (such as peanut butter crackers or cheese and crackers) before you drive on. Be prepared. Keep a sugar source in your car at all times for emergencies.


Question: When do you feel symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer: Most people feel symptoms of hypoglycemia when their blood sugar is 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or lower. Each person with diabetes may have different symptoms of hypoglycemia. You'll learn to spot yours.


Question: How can your diet cause hypoglycemia?

Answer: You can get low blood sugar if you take too much insulin for the amount of carbohydrates you eat or drink. For instance, it can happen: After you eat a meal that has a lot of simple sugars If you miss a snack or don't eat a full meal If you eat later than usual If you drink alcohol without eating any food Don't skip meals if you have diabetes, particularly if you're taking diabetes medications.


Question: What are the diabetes drugs linked to hypoglycemia?

Answer: Early symptoms include: Confusion Dizziness Feeling shaky Hunger Headaches Irritability Pounding heart; racing pulse Pale skin Sweating Trembling Weakness Anxiety Without treatment, you might get more severe symptoms, including: Poor coordination Poor concentration Numbness in mouth and tongue Passing out Seizures Nightmares or bad dreams Coma Ask your doctor if any of your medicines can cause low blood sugar. Insulin treatment can cause low blood sugar, and so can a type of diabetes medications called "sulfonylureas." Commonly used sulfonylureas include: Glimepiride ( Amaryl) Glipizide ( Glucotrol) Glibenclamide ( Glyburide, Micronase) Older, less common sulfonlyureas tend to cause low blood sugar more often than some of the newer ones.


Question: When should you call your doctor about hypoglycemia?

Answer: Call your doctor if you have more than one unexplained low blood sugar reaction in a week.


Question: What should you do if you have diabetes and think you have hypoglycemia?

Answer: If you have diabetes and think you have hypoglycemia, check your blood sugar level.


Question: How can you get hypoglycemia?

Answer: Examples of older drugs include: chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) repaglinide ( Prandin) tolazamide ( Tolinase) tolbutamide ( Orinase) You can also get low blood sugar if you drink alcohol or take allopurinol ( Zyloprim), aspirin, Benemid, probenecid ( Probalan), or warfarin ( Coumadin) with diabetes medications. You shouldn't get hypoglycemia if you take alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides (such as metformin), and thiazolidinediones alone, but it can happen when you take them with sulfonylureas or insulin.


Question: What can my doctor do to control hypoglycemia with diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor may find that you take too much insulin that peaks toward the evening-to-morning hours. In that case, she may lower your insulin dose or change the time when you get your last dose of it.


Question: What eating habits can I avoid to prevent low blood sugar?

Answer: You can get low blood sugar if you take too much insulin for the amount of carbohydrates you eat or drink. For instance, it can happen: After you eat a meal that has a lot of simple sugars If you miss a snack or don't eat a full meal If you eat later than usual If you drink alcohol without eating any food Don't skip meals if you have diabetes, particularly if you're taking diabetes medications. Change your diet. Avoid sugary foods, and eat frequent small meals during the day. If you get low blood sugar when you haven't eaten, have a snack before bedtime, such as a protein or a more complex carbohydrate.


Question: What should I do if I have diabetes and I get hypoglycemia?

Answer: If you're driving and you have hypoglycemia symptoms, pull off the road, check your blood sugar, and eat a sugary food. Check your sugars before and after exercise, and discuss with your doctor what types of changes can be made.


Question: How do you get hypoglycemia?

Answer: It can happen for several reasons, including diet, some medications and conditions, and exercise. Most people feel symptoms of hypoglycemia when their blood sugar is 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or lower.


Question: What causes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in people with diabetes?

Answer: It can happen for several reasons, including diet, some medications and conditions, and exercise. Most people feel symptoms of hypoglycemia when their blood sugar is 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) or lower.


Question: How can diet affect pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Your skin may improve if you eat more home-cooked foods made from scratch. Some people feel better if they avoid foods with gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley, and other grains. Still, no studies have proven that gluten can cause or worsen the disease. Ask your doctor before you change your diet.


Question: What are some medications that treat pustular psoriasis?

Answer: They can help slow down your immune system, which is more active than it should be when you have this disease. Such drugs include: Acitretin ( Soriatane), a vitamin A (retinoid) drug that you swallow Adalimumab ( Humira), a drug that you inject under the skin Certolizumab ( Cimzia), a drug that you inject under the skin Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune ), a drug that you swallow Etanercept ( Enbrel), a man-made protein that you inject under the skin Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), also a man-made protein which you inject Infliximab ( Remicade) a drug that you receive through the veins Methotrexate, a drug that may be swallowed or injected Your doctor will want to see you every few weeks to months when you take these drugs to make sure they work well and don't cause problems.


Question: How does phototherapy treat pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Some people with psoriasis improve when they get ultraviolet ( UV) light treatments at a doctor's office. It isn't always helpful for pustular psoriasis, because too much UV light can cause or worsen symptoms.


Question: What is pustular psoriasis?

Answer: If you have itchy red skin that's covered with tiny blisters filled with white or yellow pus, you may have pustular psoriasis. It's a rare skin disease that causes pain and itching. You may have fever, nausea, and other symptoms, too. One form of pustular psoriasis that spreads to involve a large portion of your body needs to be treated at once by a doctor. See your doctor quickly if you think you might have it.


Question: How is phototherapy used to treat pustular psoriasis

Answer: Some people with psoriasis improve when they get ultraviolet ( UV) light treatments at a doctor's office. It isn't always helpful for pustular psoriasis, because too much UV light can cause or worsen symptoms.


Question: What are common ingredients in creams and ointments for pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Such drugs include: Acitretin ( Soriatane), a vitamin A (retinoid) drug that you swallow Adalimumab ( Humira), a drug that you inject under the skin Certolizumab ( Cimzia), a drug that you inject under the skin Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune ), a drug that you swallow Etanercept ( Enbrel), a man-made protein that you inject under the skin Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), also a man-made protein which you inject Infliximab ( Remicade) a drug that you receive through the veins Methotrexate, a drug that may be swallowed or injected Your doctor will want to see you every few weeks to months when you take these drugs to make sure they work well and don't cause problems.


Question: How often will a doctor want to see someone taking medication for pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Such drugs include: Acitretin ( Soriatane), a vitamin A (retinoid) drug that you swallow Adalimumab ( Humira), a drug that you inject under the skin Certolizumab ( Cimzia), a drug that you inject under the skin Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune ), a drug that you swallow Etanercept ( Enbrel), a man-made protein that you inject under the skin Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), also a man-made protein which you inject Infliximab ( Remicade) a drug that you receive through the veins Methotrexate, a drug that may be swallowed or injected Your doctor will want to see you every few weeks to months when you take these drugs to make sure they work well and don't cause problems. Tell your doctor if you plan to have a baby, because some of these drugs shouldn't be taken by women who intend to get pregnant.


Question: What medications are used to treat pustular psoriasis?

Answer: They can help slow down your immune system, which is more active than it should be when you have this disease. Such drugs include: Acitretin ( Soriatane), a vitamin A (retinoid) drug that you swallow Adalimumab ( Humira), a drug that you inject under the skin Certolizumab ( Cimzia), a drug that you inject under the skin Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune ), a drug that you swallow Etanercept ( Enbrel), a man-made protein that you inject under the skin Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), also a man-made protein which you inject Infliximab ( Remicade) a drug that you receive through the veins Methotrexate, a drug that may be swallowed or injected Your doctor will want to see you every few weeks to months when you take these drugs to make sure they work well and don't cause problems.


Question: What should I eat if I have pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Your skin may improve if you eat more home-cooked foods made from scratch. Some people feel better if they avoid foods with gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley, and other grains. Still, no studies have proven that gluten can cause or worsen the disease. Ask your doctor before you change your diet.


Question: Can stress cause pustular psoriasis or make it worse?

Answer: Stress can cause or worsen pustular psoriasis symptoms. Try to do things to lower your stress levels, like exercise, yoga, tai chi, or meditation. Some people feel better, although no studies have proven this.


Question: How do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors help in the treatment for heart failure?

Answer: But your doctor may prescribe an ACE inhibitor for these other heart conditions: Heart failure: They can prevent further weakening of your heart and prolong your life.


Question: What are the possible side effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

Answer: Possible ones include: Cough: If this persists or is severe, contact your doctor. Ask what type of cough medicine you can use to ease it. Red, itchy skin rash: If you have this, don't treat the rash yourself. Call your doctor. Dizziness, lightheadedness, or faintness when you get up: This may be strongest after your first dose, especially if you've been taking a water pill (diuretic). Get up more slowly. If it keeps up, reach out to your medical team. Salty or metallic taste, or a decreased ability to taste: This usually goes away as you continue taking the medicine.


Question: Should I stop taking an ACE inhibitor if it doesn't seem to work?

Answer: If you're taking them for heart failure, your symptoms may not improve right away. However, long-term use helps manage chronic heart failure and lessen the chance that your condition will get worse. Babies shouldn't be breastfed if the mother is taking an ACE inhibitor.


Question: What are the most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis are: Salty-tasting skin, which parents notice when they kiss their child Frequent coughing, wheezing, or bouts of pneumonia or sinusitis Difficulty breathing that keeps getting worse Big appetite but poor weight gain Bulky, smelly, greasy bowel movements Over time, the symptoms of cystic fibrosis can worsen and may include: Chronic productive cough, recurrent lung infections Obstructive lung disease (emphysema) Chronic nasal congestion and sinus infections Pancreatitis, a painful inflammation of the pancreas Liver disease Diabetes Gallstones You are pregnant or planning to become pregnant and either you or the other parent has a family history of cystic fibrosis Your child tastes very salty when you kiss him or her Your child has had frequent lung or sinus infections and has problems gaining or maintaining weight


Question: What triggers premature ventricular contractions?

Answer: Experts aren't sure what causes the extra beat known as PVC. They tend to happen for no real reason, but certain triggers and health conditions may play a role.


Question: What conditions can cause premature ventricular contractions?

Answer: Experts aren't sure what causes the extra beat known as PVC. They tend to happen for no real reason, but certain triggers and health conditions may play a role.


Question: What will happen if you have scabies before?

Answer: Scabies is very contagious. If you have crusted scabies, you might not have the itching or rash that scabies is known for. If you've had scabies before, you might develop symptoms after just a few days of being exposed to the mites. But if you've never had it, you may not have any symptoms for up to 6 weeks. Still, you can spread the mites to others -- even if you don't show signs of infection yourself.


Question: How is scabies diagnosed?

Answer: Scabies is very contagious. Your doctor may be able to tell you have the mites by checking the rash or burrows on your body. He might also try to remove one of the mites from its burrow. He'll do this either by scraping your skin or pulling the parasite from its burrow with a thin needle.


Question: How do you get scabies?

Answer: Scabies -- or human itch mites -- are eight-legged critters that burrow into the upper layer of your skin. Scabies is very contagious. It is spread from one infected person to another through direct, prolonged, close physical contact. Nursing homes, extended care facilities, prisons, and childcare centers are frequent sites for scabies outbreaks. Healthy adults most often get these mites through sexual contact with an infected person. You can't get scabies from pets.


Question: When does crusted scabies happen?

Answer: Scabies -- or human itch mites -- are eight-legged critters that burrow into the upper layer of your skin. Once the eggs hatch, the mites climb to the surface of your skin, where they spread to other parts of your body. A severe form of scabies called âcrusted scabiesâ (or Norwegian crusted scabies) sometimes happens in people who have weakened immune systems. It gets its name from the thick crusts of skin that form from large numbers of scabies mites and eggs.


Question: What does your neck do for you?

Answer: Your neck is the part of your spine that connects your head to the rest of your body. It needs to be flexible enough to move, but also strong enough to support the weight of your head. Pick up a 10-pound bowling ball and you can feel how heavy a load your neck has to carry.


Question: How do doctors reduce swelling of neck injuries?

Answer: If pain relievers don't do the trick, talk to your doctor. They will want to check you over. Another way to reduce swelling is to put an ice pack on the painful area of your neck for about 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day during the first couple of days after the neck injury. Place a towel or cloth between the ice pack and your skin. After a few days you can switch to a heating pad if it feels good on your neck.


Question: How likely is it that I've been infected with genital herpes if my partner has it?

Answer: That depends on several things, including whether you and your partner always use a condom and how long you've been sexually intimate with each other. If you've had sex only once or twice, and if you used a condom each time, the risk is lower than if you've had unprotected sex for a long time. But you could have been infected during any one encounter.


Question: What are hamartomas?

Answer: These are some of the more common types of benign lung tumors: Hamartomas are the most common type of benign lung tumor and the third most common cause of solitary pulmonary nodules. These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung.


Question: What are benign lung tumors

Answer: Benign lung tumors may grow from many different structures in the lung. Determining whether a nodule is a benign tumor or an early stage of cancer is very important. That's because early detection and treatment of lung cancer can greatly enhance your survival.


Question: How are benign lung nodules and tumors diagnosed?

Answer: In addition to taking a history and doing a physical exam, your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years or longer if the nodule is smaller than 6 millimeters and your risk is low. If the nodule remains the same size for at least two years, it is considered benign. That's because benign lung nodules grow slowly, if at all. On the other hand, cancerous nodules, on average, double in size every four months. Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign.


Question: What is a lung nodule?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A nodule is a "spot on the lung," seen on an X-ray or computed tomography ( CT) scan. In fact, a nodule shows up on about one in every 500 chest X-rays. Normal lung tissue surrounds this small round or oval solid overgrowth of tissue. It may be a single or solitary pulmonary nodule. Or, you may have multiple nodules.


Question: Are lung nodules different than lung cancer?

Answer: In many cases, though, a lung nodule turns out to be benign.


Question: What are the most common benign lung tumors?

Answer: These firm marble-like tumors are made up of tissue from the lung's lining as well as tissue such as fat and cartilage. They are usually located in the periphery of the lung. Bronchial adenomas make up about half of all benign lung tumors. They are a diverse group of tumors that arise from mucous glands and ducts of the windpipe or large airways of the lung. A mucous gland adenoma is an example of a true benign bronchial adenoma. Rare neoplasms may include chondromas, fibromas, or lipomas -- benign tumors made up of connective tissue or fatty tissue.


Question: What birth defects cause benign lung tumors?

Answer: But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.


Question: How do you know if your lung nodule is benign?

Answer: Your lung nodule is more likely to be benign if: You are younger than age 40.


Question: How is a biopsy done for benign lung tumors and nodules?

Answer: You could have one or more of these tests: Blood tests Tuberculin skin test to check for TB Positron emission tomography ( PET) scan Single-photo emission CT ( SPECT) Magnetic resonance imaging (in rare cases) Biopsy, tissue removal, and examination under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or cancerous A biopsy can be done using a variety of methods such as aspirating cells through a needle or removing a sample of them using bronchoscopy. This procedure allows your doctor to look at your airway through a thin viewing instrument.


Question: What are noninfectious causes of benign lung tumors?

Answer: But in general, they often result from problems like these: Inflammation from infections such as: An infectious fungus (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, or aspergillosis, for example) Tuberculosis ( TB) A lung abscess Round pneumonia (rare in adults) Inflammation from noninfectious causes such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Wegener granulomatosis Sarcoidosis Birth defects such as a lung cyst or other lung malformation.


Question: How is surgery used to remove benign lung nodules and tumors?

Answer: The nodule is small. If your nodule is benign, you will not need any further treatment, except to manage any underlying problems or complications related to the nodule such as pneumonia or an obstruction.


Question: What tests will my doctor recommend before invasive surgery to remove benign lung nodules and tumors?

Answer: Your doctor may continue to a check your lung nodule each year for up to five years to ensure that it is benign. These might include blood tests or kidney, liver, or pulmonary (lung) function tests.


Question: How do doctors treat benign lung nodules and tumors?

Answer: In addition to taking a history and doing a physical exam, your doctor may simply "watch" a nodule, taking repeated X-rays, over a period of two years or longer if the nodule is smaller than 6 millimeters and your risk is low. However, your doctor may suggest a biopsy or removal of an entire nodule in situations like these: You are a smoker and the nodule is large. You have symptoms. A scan suggests the nodule might be cancerous. The nodule has grown.


Question: What are the differences between benign nodules and cancerous nodules?

Answer: Or, you may have multiple nodules. This is why they are almost always found accidentally on a chest X-ray or CT scan.


Question: Who is a candidate for hormone treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer: Hormone treatment can be used in men with various degrees of prostate cancer. For example, it is often used in men after surgery for better results, as well as in men who don't want to have any other type of treatment or who have an advanced case of prostate cancer. Factors to consider are quality of life, cost of the treatment, and how effective and safe hormone treatment may be in a particular case.


Question: Why is hormone treatment used for prostate cancer?

Answer: Hormone treatment for prostate cancer is used to lower or stop the production of testosterone and all androgens either temporarily or permanently. Hormone treatment may include: The use of various drugs such as anti-androgens that block the activity of male hormones in the body The use of drugs that lower testosterone levels, including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) analogs or agonists; newer agents may also block the production of androgens by the adrenal glands.


Question: What is hormone treatment used for prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer grows when exposed to the male hormone testosterone and its related hormones, called androgens. Hormone treatment for prostate cancer is used to lower or stop the production of testosterone and all androgens either temporarily or permanently. Hormone treatments can be given in many ways, such as by injection or as pills. The use of combined hormone therapy that decreases testosterone production from the testicles, as well as from glands located on the kidneys, called adrenal glands Hormone treatment may also include surgical removal of the testicles (called orchiectomy), where testosterone is produced.


Question: What do hormone treatments for prostate cancer include?

Answer: Hormone treatment may include: The use of various drugs such as anti-androgens that block the activity of male hormones in the body The use of drugs that lower testosterone levels, including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) analogs or agonists; newer agents may also block the production of androgens by the adrenal glands. The use of combined hormone therapy that decreases testosterone production from the testicles, as well as from glands located on the kidneys, called adrenal glands Hormone treatment may also include surgical removal of the testicles (called orchiectomy), where testosterone is produced. This prevents male hormones from further stimulating the growth of the prostate cancer. Hormone treatment can be used in men with various degrees of prostate cancer.


Question: When is hormone treatment used for prostate cancer?

Answer: Hormone treatment (also called androgen deprivation therapy or androgen suppression therapy) removes, blocks, or adds hormones to treat prostate cancer. Hormone treatment can be used in men with various degrees of prostate cancer. Factors to consider are quality of life, cost of the treatment, and how effective and safe hormone treatment may be in a particular case.


Question: What is hormone therapy for prostate cancer?

Answer: Hormones are chemical substances produced by glands in the body that enter the bloodstream and affect other tissues. It is also used if cancer remains or recurs after treatment with surgery or radiation therapy.


Question: What are some tips to help with restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Here are 10 steps you can take to lessen the symptoms of RLS and get you sleeping better: Avoid or limit alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine for at least several hours before bedtime. Review all the medications you take (prescription and nonprescription) with your doctor. Exercise every day. Stretch your legs at the beginning and end of each day. Massage your legs regularly. Avoid eating a heavy meal close to bedtime. Maintain a regular sleep schedule. Avoid daytime naps. Use your bed only for sleeping or sex. Try not to use bedtime as worry time. Have your blood tested for iron levels and kidney function. Soak your legs in warm water.


Question: What is leukoplakia?

Answer: Leukoplakia is a white or gray patch that develops on the tongue, the inside of the cheek, or on the floor of the mouth. It is the mouth's reaction to chronic irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Leukoplakia patches can also develop on the female genital area; however, the cause of this is unknown.


Question: What are the symptoms of leukoplakia?

Answer: Causes of leukoplakia can include: Irritation from rough teeth, fillings, or crowns, or ill-fitting dentures that rub against your cheek or gum Chronic smoking, pipe smoking, or other tobacco use Sun exposure to the lips Oral cancer (although rare) HIV or AIDS The presence of white or gray colored patches on your tongue, gums, roof of your mouth, or the inside of the cheeks of your mouth may be a sign of leukoplakia. The patch may have developed slowly over weeks to months and be thick, slightly raised, and may eventually take on a hardened and rough texture. It usually is painless, but may be sensitive to touch, heat, spicy foods, or other irritation.


Question: What is the treatment for leukoplakia?

Answer: Treatment for leukoplakia, if needed, involves removing the source of irritation. For example, if leukoplakia is caused by a rough tooth or an irregular surface on a denture or a filling, the tooth will be smoothed and dental appliances repaired. If eliminating the source of irritation is ineffective in reducing leukoplakia, the lesion may need to be surgically removed.


Question: How is rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia diagnosed?

Answer: There's no one test for fibromyalgia. Doctors make that diagnosis if you have widespread pain that's not from another medical condition for more than 3 months. Because its symptoms overlap with other conditions, it's often hard to spot. On average, it takes 5 years to diagnose fibromyalgia. Many fibromyalgia symptoms are like those of RA. But there are some key differences: RA causes inflammation in the joints. The pain can come and go. With fibromyalgia, the ache is constant, and it happens all over your body. You feel dull pain that lasts at least 3 months. With fibromyalgia, you often feel tenderness when someone touches you.


Question: What drugs can help to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: If you have fibromyalgia, some drugs can ease the pain and help you sleep better: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen and naproxen ( Aleve). Antidepressants. These medications can ease aches and fatigue. They can also help you get a better night's rest. Anti-seizure medicines. Drugs that treat epilepsy can give you relief by making you less sensitive to pain.


Question: How are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia diagnosed?

Answer: Doctors make that diagnosis if you have widespread pain that's not from another medical condition for more than 3 months. Because its symptoms overlap with other conditions, it's often hard to spot.


Question: What are common risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia?

Answer: Your lifestyle, weight, and stress level may all raise your chances for both conditions.


Question: What can psoriasis be associated with?

Answer: Psoriasis can also be associated with psoriatic arthritis, which causes achy, swollen joints. Between 10% and 30% of people with psoriasis also have this painful joint condition.


Question: What are common signs and symptoms of psoriasis?

Answer: The signs and symptoms of psoriasis can vary depending on the type of psoriasis you have. The 5 most common symptoms of psoriasis include: Rashes or patches of red, inflamed skin, often covered with loose, silver-colored scales. In severe cases, the plaques will grow and merge into one another, covering large areas. Itchy, painful skin that can crack or bleed. Small areas of bleeding where the involved skin is scratched. Problems with your fingernails and toenails, including discoloration and pitting. The nails may also begin to crumble or detach from the nail bed. Scaly plaques on the scalp.


Question: Is psoriasis associated with psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Psoriasis can also be associated with psoriatic arthritis, which causes achy, swollen joints. Between 10% and 30% of people with psoriasis also have this painful joint condition.


Question: How is fatty liver disease treated?

Answer: The normal treatment for fatty liver disease, whether it's alcohol-related or not, is to reach a healthy weight through diet and exercise.


Question: Can a Mediterranean diet help with fatty liver disease?

Answer: Although it wasn't created for people with fatty liver disease, this style of eating combines the kinds of foods that help reduce fat in your liver: healthy fats, antioxidants, and complex carbohydrates. Things you'll see on the table that you should reach for include: Fish and seafood Fruits Whole grains Nuts Olive oil Vegetables Avocados Legumes Your cells use glucose, a kind of sugar, for energy.


Question: Can I drink alcohol if I have fatty liver disease?

Answer: You shouldn't drink at all if your fatty liver disease results from heavy drinking. It can lead to more serious liver damage. If you have NAFLD, it may be OK to have a drink once in a while, but not more than every other month.


Question: Are people with fatty liver disease resistant to insulin?

Answer: That means your body makes insulin but can't use it well. Glucose builds up in your blood, and your liver turns it into fat.


Question: What fats are OK if I have fatty liver disease?

Answer: Certain fats in your diet can help your body use insulin better. That means your cells can take in glucose and your liver doesn't need to make and store fat. Get more of these: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, fish oil, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), flaxseeds and flaxseed oil, and leafy veggies Monounsaturated fats in plant sources like olives, nuts, and avocados Steer clear of saturated fats, which lead to more fatty deposits in your liver. This includes: Poultry, except for lean white meat Full-fat cheese Yogurt, except low-fat Red meat Baked goods and fried foods made with palm or coconut oils. You can also get it in some dairy products. It can lead to more serious liver damage.


Question: Can vitamins help with fatty liver disease?

Answer: People with fatty liver disease often have a condition called insulin resistance. Your body makes vitamin D when you're in the sun.


Question: Can I take supplements if I have fatty liver disease?

Answer: They could change how your medicines work, or they might cause other health problems. They may not be helpful if you don't take the right amount in the right way. Ask your doctor first.


Question: What carbs can I eat with fatty liver disease eat?

Answer: Although it wasn't created for people with fatty liver disease, this style of eating combines the kinds of foods that help reduce fat in your liver: healthy fats, antioxidants, and complex carbohydrates. Things you'll see on the table that you should reach for include: Fish and seafood Fruits Whole grains Nuts Olive oil Vegetables Avocados Legumes Your cells use glucose, a kind of sugar, for energy. Choose low-fat dairy items because they have less saturated fat. This can help keep your cholesterol and your triglycerides in check.


Question: How does a birth control sponge work?

Answer: The device protects against pregnancy in three ways: It releases a spermicide to kill sperm cells for 24 hours. You can have sex during that time without needing more spermicide. It's designed to trap and absorb semen before the sperm have a chance to enter the cervix, which connects the vagina to the uterus. It acts as a barrier between the sperm and the cervix.


Question: What is a birth control sponge?

Answer: You don't need a prescription for the sponge, which is made of polyurethane foam. Out of 100 women who use the sponge, 9-11 will get pregnant in a typical year.


Question: Where can you get a birth control sponge?

Answer: It's available at most pharmacies and clinics.


Question: Does a birth control sponge protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Answer: To protect against STDs such as HIV, the male condom provides the best protection.


Question: How effective is the birth control sponge?

Answer: It's a form of birth control that some women use. To protect against STDs such as HIV, the male condom provides the best protection.


Question: What is eczema and who gets it?

Answer: Eczema is the term for a few different skin conditions. But most of the time, it refers to a common skin disease called atopic dermatitis, which causes a dry, itchy, red rash. If you scratch it, it can start to ooze and crust over. Do it over a long period of time, and your skin can get thick and dark. Most people with eczema get it as children. Symptoms often improve by age 5 or 6, and flare-ups stop for more than half of kids by their teenage years. But many people still have the disease as adults, though their symptoms tend to be milder. It's less common to get eczema for the first time as an adult.


Question: How can genes play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Researchers have found that some people with the condition have a gene flaw that causes a lack of a type of protein, called filaggrin, in their skin. It helps form the protective outer layer of our skin and keeps out germs and more. A lack of filaggrin dries out and weakens that skin barrier. This makes skin vulnerable to irritants, like soaps and detergents. It also makes it easier for allergens to get into the body. Scientists believe that that makes people more sensitive to those allergens and even some foods.


Question: How can too many antibodies play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Immunoglobulin E ( Ig E) is a type of antibody that plays a role in the body's allergic response. People with eczema have higher-than-normal levels of it. Researchers are working to understand why people with the skin condition make too much Ig E and what role this may play in the disease.


Question: How can how your body reacts to an allergen play a role in the link between eczema and allergies?

Answer: Some research has found that people with eczema may have a defect in their skin barrier. Small gaps in the skin make it dry out quickly, and let germs and allergens into the body. When allergens enter the skin, they prompt the body to make chemicals that lead to redness and swelling, called inflammation. Research also points to a problem with a type of white blood cell that releases chemicals that help control allergic reactions in the body. This may help explain why people with eczema have outbreaks when they're around allergens.


Question: What is the link between allergies and eczema?

Answer: Does your child have red, itchy rashes while you or your partner have seasonal allergies or asthma? Studies show that if one or both parents have eczema, asthma, or seasonal allergies, their child is more likely to have eczema. But understanding the connection can help you manage the disease.


Question: How is eczema connected to allergies?

Answer: But the disease can flare up when you're around things that cause an allergic reaction. Your body's immune system overreacts to substances, called allergens, that are usually not harmful. You might get hives, itching, swelling, sneezing, and a runny nose. Allergens can include: Dust mites Pollen Pet dander Some foods Children with eczema are also more likely to have food allergies, such as to eggs, nuts, or milk. They often make eczema symptoms worse for kids but not for adults. Pollen, mold, pet dander, dust mites, and other allergens may make eczema flare up.


Question: How can you avoid allergy triggers to prevent eczema?

Answer: But the disease can flare up when you're around things that cause an allergic reaction. It can help you figure out what things might be triggering them. Share the journal with your doctor during appointments. Stay away from things that irritate your skin. Common ones include wool, soaps and detergents, perfume, chemicals, sand, and cigarette smoke. Avoid allergy triggers. Pollen, mold, pet dander, dust mites, and other allergens may make eczema flare up. You could try a dust-proof mattress and pillow covers, remove carpets, avoid contact with animals, and stay indoors when pollen counts are high.


Question: What are stain-making types of foods and drinks?

Answer: Stain-makers to watch out for include: Coffee or tea Soda Red and white wine Grape or cranberry juice Blueberries Beets Soy sauce Tomato sauce Drink with a straw.


Question: How can being diagnosed with hepatitis C change your life?

Answer: Being diagnosed with hepatitis C can inspire you to live a healthier and more fulfilling life, both physically and emotionally.


Question: What is the treatment for insomnia caused by hepatitis C?

Answer: But there are steps you can take to get a good night's rest. Go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time. Reserve your bedroom for sleep and sex only - no pets, TVs, work, or gadgets. Keep the room cool. Use soft fabrics for PJs, sheets and blankets. Skip naps. Avoid exercise, large meals or alcohol within 2-3 hours of bedtime.


Question: How can learning to relax help with hepatitis C?

Answer: To combat anxiety and depression, exercise regularly. It helps your state of mind as much as your body. Try out some relaxation and massage techniques. There isn't any scientific evidence that these approaches will help, but many people have benefited from them. Most of all, keep living your life. Don't isolate yourself. Go out with friends. Do things you enjoy. Don't let your worries about hepatitis C keep you from doing the things you've always done.


Question: How can taking care of your liver help manage hepatitis C?

Answer: Hepatitis C can make it harder for your liver to do its main job: break down and filter out substances from your bloodstream. As a result, medications, herbs, drugs, and alcohol may stay in your system longer, and have a more powerful effect. Some substances pose the risk of serious liver damage. Common painkillers and cold remedies with and acetaminophen can be toxic to people with damaged livers, especially if you take them with alcohol or in greater than recommended doses. Be careful with herbal remedies, too. They can be powerful medicine, and some of them can do real harm. Don't assume that over-the-counter medications are safe, either. Never take any drugs, supplements or alternative medicines before talking to your doctor. If you're a smoker, try to quit. If you're using illegal drugs, get into a treatment program. Ask your doctor whether you should cut out alcohol completely, or limit drinks to special occasions.


Question: Are you awake when you get deep brain stimulation (DBS) for epilepsy treatment?

Answer: DBS is usually done while you're awake. You'll get medicine to relax you and prevent pain. Your doctor will attach a metal frame to your head to keep you still during the surgery. He'll shave your hair in the part of your head where the procedure will be done.


Question: When might you get deep brain stimulation to treat epilepsy?

Answer: DBS is an option if other epilepsy treatments don't work or your doctor doesn't recommend them.


Question: What will happen after deep brain stimulation (DBS) for epilepsy?

Answer: After your surgery, your doctor will turn on the DBS device with a small computer called a programming unit. He'll use it to adjust the speed and intensity of the electrical signals to control your seizures. You'll also get a programming unit to take home, so you can adjust your device and track any seizures you get. DBS might not stop your seizures completely, but it should cut down how many you get. You'll need to get the battery replaced every 3 to 4 years.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation (DBS) for epilepsy work?

Answer: When you have epilepsy, abnormal bursts of electrical activity in these brain cells set off seizures. When you get DBS, the tiny electrodes that your doctor puts into your brain deliver an electric current. This interrupts the abnormal electrical signals and helps prevent seizures. It's kind of like having a pacemaker for your brain. Electrical signals will travel from the neurostimulator to the leads in your brain.


Question: What are thermal burns?

Answer: Touching a very hot object raises the temperature of your skin to the point that your skin cells start dying. Very hot metals, scalding liquids, and flames all cause thermal burns. Steam can, too.


Question: What are friction burns?

Answer: They include: Friction burns. When a hard object rubs off some of your skin, you have what's called a friction burn. It's both an abrasion (scrape) and a heat burn. These are common in motorcycle and bike accidents. Carpet burn is another type of friction burn.


Question: How bad is my burn?

Answer: Doctors group burns into different categories based on how deeply your skin has been harmed. These are called âdegrees.â You can have a first-, second-, third-, or fourth-degree burn. The higher the degree, the more severe the burn is.


Question: What are radiation burns?

Answer: Sunburn is a type of radiation burn. Other sources of radiation, like X-rays or radiation therapy to treat cancer, can also cause these.


Question: What are electrical burns?

Answer: If you come into contact with an electrical current, you can get this type of burn.


Question: What are chemical burns?

Answer: Chemical burns. Strong acids, solvents or detergents that touch your skin can cause it to burn.


Question: What are cold burns?

Answer: Also called âfrostbite,â cold burns cause damage to your skin by freezing it. You can get frostbite by being outside in freezing temperatures. It can also happen when your skin comes into direct contact with something very cold for a prolonged period of time.


Question: How is obesity linked to gout?

Answer: Gout is a disease that affects the joints. It happens when you have too much uric acid in your blood. The extra uric acid can form crystals that deposit in the joints. Gout is more common in overweight people. The more you weigh, the more likely you are to get gout. Over the short term, sudden weight changes may lead to a flare-up of gout. If you have a history of gout, check with your doctor for the best way to lose weight.


Question: How is obesity linked to cancer?

Answer: Cancers of the colon, breast (after menopause), endometrium (the lining of the uterus), kidney, and esophagus are linked to obesity. Some studies have also reported links between obesity and cancers of the gallbladder, ovaries, and pancreas.


Question: How is obesity linked to osteoarthritis?

Answer: Ironically, weight loss itself, particularly rapid weight loss or loss of a large amount of weight, can make you more likely to get gallstones. Gout is a disease that affects the joints. The extra uric acid can form crystals that deposit in the joints.


Question: How is obesity linked to gallbladder disease?

Answer: Ironically, weight loss itself, particularly rapid weight loss or loss of a large amount of weight, can make you more likely to get gallstones. Losing weight at a rate of about 1 pound a week is less likely to cause gallstones. The more you weigh, the more likely you are to get gout.


Question: How is obesity linked to type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If you have type 2 diabetes, losing weight and becoming more physically active can help control your blood sugar levels. Becoming more active may also reduce your need for diabetes medication. Gout is more common in overweight people.


Question: How is obesity linked to sleep apnea?

Answer: Here's a closer look at seven conditions that are linked to being obese or overweight. Sleep apnea can cause a person to snore heavily and to briefly stop breathing during sleep. Sleep apnea may cause daytime sleepiness and make heart disease and stroke more likely. Weight loss often improves sleep apnea.


Question: How is obesity linked to heart disease and stroke?

Answer: It makes you more likely to have conditions including: Heart disease and stroke High blood pressure Diabetes Some cancers Gallbladder disease and gallstones Osteoarthritis Gout Breathing problems, such as sleep apnea (when a person stops breathing for short episodes during sleep) and asthma Not everyone who is obese has these problems. Both of those conditions make heart disease or stroke more likely. The good news is that losing a small amount of weight can reduce your chances of developing heart disease or a stroke.


Question: How long should I avoid exercise after a catheter ablation procedure?

Answer: Avoid intense exercise for about 3 weeks after your procedure, too.


Question: What tests will I undergo before having a catheter ablation to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Before your procedure, you doctor may ask you to get some tests. They will tell your doctor more about your heart and overall health. They may include: Blood test Chest X-ray CT scan or MRI of your chest Echocardiogram The day before your ablation, you should not eat or drink anything after midnight.


Question: What can I expect after a catheter ablation procedure?

Answer: It can take several weeks for the work done during your procedure to turn into scar tissue. You might not have a normal heartbeat until the scar tissue forms. Your heart arrhythmia could seem the same or worse until then. You may need to take blood thinners for 3 months after your ablation. You may get antacids or anti-inflammatory drugs, too. Sometimes the procedure has to be repeated to work. Your doctor will check your heart rhythm in the days and weeks after your procedure to see if that's something you'll need.


Question: What is catheter ablation?

Answer: Catheter ablation is a way to treat heart irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias, like atrial fibrillation ( AFib), atrial flutter, or supraventricular tachycardia ( SVT). It destroys the tissue that's causing your heartbeat to get off course. This creates scar tissue inside your heart. This scar tissue is a good thing. It will help your heartbeat stay in rhythm. Your cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in treating hearts) won't have to cut into your chest to do this procedure. The catheter is a long, flexible tube that he inserts into a blood vessel and guides into your heart.


Question: What are the risks of having a catheter ablation procedure?

Answer: Your doctor should explain your risks to you. But common risks include: Bleeding, an infection, or pain where your catheter went into your skin Blood clots Accidental damage to tissues in your body Accidental damage to your heart Catheter ablation gets rid of heart arrhythmias like AFib, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia ( SVT) for most people.


Question: How does a surgeon create scar tissue for a catheter ablation?

Answer: Doctors can use these energy sources to create the scar tissue: Radiofrequency waves Microwaves Lasers Cryothermy (this freezes tissue) You may have to stay in the hospital overnight after your ablation so your doctor and nurses can keep an eye on you while you recover.


Question: Can I take a shower after a catheter ablation procedure?

Answer: You can take a shower, but for the first 5 days don't use very hot water or soak in the bath. Gently pat dry near your wound.


Question: Will I have to stay in the hospital after a catheter ablation?

Answer: Doctors can use these energy sources to create the scar tissue: Radiofrequency waves Microwaves Lasers Cryothermy (this freezes tissue) You may have to stay in the hospital overnight after your ablation so your doctor and nurses can keep an eye on you while you recover. You'll probably rest in bed about 6 to 8 hours after the procedure. Some people leave the hospital the same day. Most people go home the next morning.


Question: Why do doctors think Botox works for migraine headaches?

Answer: Doctors think Botox works for migraine headaches because it blocks chemicals called neurotransmitters that carry pain signals from your brain. Botox is like a roadblock in that pathway. It stops the chemicals before they get to the nerve endings around your head and neck.


Question: How often should I get Botox for my migraines?

Answer: It stops the chemicals before they get to the nerve endings around your head and neck.


Question: How was Botox first used to prevent headaches?

Answer: When people who had migraine headaches used Botox to treat their wrinkles, they told their doctors that their headaches were better. So doctors began to study it as a migraine pain treatment.


Question: When will Botox not work to prevent my migraines?

Answer: That means you have both: A history of migraine headaches Headaches (including tension-type) on most days (15 or more) of the month of which 8 are migraine It won't work for you if you: Get headaches 14 or fewer days each month Have other types of headaches, like cluster Botox is a neurotoxin, a poison made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinums.


Question: Do stress and anxiety have any relation to irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Types of this therapy that have worked for people with IBS include: Relaxation practice. After a few sessions, you should be able to calm yourself down on your own. For most people, this approach can't replace standard medical care for irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What types of behavioral therapy has helped people with irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: The goal is to get your mind and body in a calm, peaceful state. Techniques include meditation, progressive muscle relaxation (tensing and loosening individual muscles), guided imagery, and deep breathing. Biofeedback. To start, you use an electrical device to help you recognize your body's response to stress. You enter an altered state of mind, either with a trained professional's help or, after some training, on your own. Under hypnosis, visual suggestions can help you imagine pain or tension slipping away. Cognitive behavioral therapy. A trained mental health professional helps you work out conflicts and understand your feelings.


Question: What can happen if your uveitis isn't treated?

Answer: Uveitis can lead to serious eye problems if you don't treat it right away. If you've had it for a long time, or if you have it and are over 60, your chance of having those problems goes up. The disease causes inflammation in your eye. If you don't treat the inflammation, it can scar or break down tissues. That can harm your vision.


Question: How does uveitis damage your retina?

Answer: Inflammation can cause them. That damages the optic nerve at the back of your eye. It's full of light-sensitive cells and nerve cells. They take in sights around you and send that information to your optic nerve and your brain. If your retina swells from uveitis, you can lose some of your vision in the center. You may see a black spot in the middle of your view. It doesn't hurt, though. If this swelling lasts for a long time without treatment, your vision loss may be for good.


Question: Can uveitis cause a detached retina?

Answer: If your retina swells from uveitis, you can lose some of your vision in the center. You may see a black spot in the middle of your view. You may also see lights flash. If any of these things are happening to you, call your doctor and get treatment quickly. Moving fast can save your eyesight.


Question: Are some medicines not OK to take if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Look at Your Medications Go over all the prescription and over-the-counter drugs you take with your doctor. Some may have side effects that can hurt your liver. For example, too much acetaminophen can cause liver damage. Other painkillers like ibuprofen and naproxen are dangerous if you have scarring in your liver, called cirrhosis. Talk to your doctor to see what's best for you.


Question: Can you drink if you hepatitis C?

Answer: Stop Drinking Alcohol Because hepatitis C is a liver disease, you want to avoid anything that puts more stress on your liver, like alcohol. Some people with the virus might be able to drink a little, but no one knows for sure if there's a safe amount for everyone with the disease. The safest bet is to cut booze out completely. Talk to your doctor if you need help to stop.


Question: Why should people with hepatitis C exercise?

Answer: Get Moving Stay active to keep your weight in check, keep up your strength, and control your stress. All are important for a healthy life with hep C. Find an activity you like so you'll keep doing it. Your goal should be to work out for 30 minutes three times a week. But if you're new to exercise, you can start with just 10 or 15 minutes at once. Talk to your doctor before you start a workout program.


Question: What's the benefit of a support group if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Get Support Talk to other people who have hepatitis C. They understand what you're going through, and they can answer your questions and offer their own advice for how to live well. Many communities, hospitals, and organizations have support groups that meet in person or online.


Question: Why should people with hepatitis C avoid sharing their personal items?

Answer: Don't Share Personal Items The hep C virus spreads through blood, so there's a small chance that when you share items like toothbrushes or razors you could pass the disease on. Though the risks are slim, it's a good idea to keep your personal care items just for you.


Question: Can you get hepatitis C through sex?

Answer: Think About Safe Sex It's possible to spread hepatitis C during sex, but the risk is very low. If you have one long-term partner, you're less likely to spread the virus, but your lover should get tested. If you have more than one partner, your chance for spreading hepatitis C is higher. It's a good idea to practice safe sex and always use latex condoms.


Question: What are ways hepatitis C doesn't spread?

Answer: You can't spread hepatitis C by sharing cups, eating utensils, or food. You also can't spread it by holding hands, hugging, or kissing (unless you have open sores on your mouth). You also won't pass it on by sneezing or coughing on someone.


Question: Are supplements OK if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Watch Your Supplements Your doc should also know about any herbal remedies and supplements you take. Some -- like kava kava -- may harm your liver. Talk to your doctor before you start a workout program.


Question: What happens during permanent makeup application?

Answer: The technician will then use a sterile surgical pen to sketch the area to be tattooed and then put an anesthetic gel on your skin. Using a hollow, vibrating needle, the technician will apply the pigment into the top layer of the skin. Each time the needle penetrates the skin, a droplet of pigment is released into the hole the needle makes. You will feel a slight stinging.


Question: How is permanent makeup done?

Answer: The process is just like getting a tattoo. The person applying permanent makeup uses a needle that penetrates your skin and releases pigment. Proper sterilization, techniques, and licensing are key.


Question: Are most people who get weight loss surgery happy with the results?

Answer: Obesity-related medical conditions usually improve with this weight loss, sometimes to the point where medication is no longer needed, including: Type 2 diabetes Obstructive sleep apnea High blood pressure After weight loss surgery, most people -- about 95% -- say their quality of life is better. Some studies also suggest people live longer after weight loss surgery, compared to equally obese people who don't get surgery.


Question: What is nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD)?

Answer: This disorder is sometimes marked by seizure-like episodes during non- REM sleep. Most evidence points to NPD being a form of epilepsy.


Question: What is rhythmic movement disorder?

Answer: A child may lie flat, lift the head or upper body, and then forcefully hit his or her head on the pillow. Rhythmic movement disorder, which also has been called "head banging," also can involve movements such as rocking on hands and knees.


Question: Is sleepwalking dangerous?

Answer: The sleepwalker simply may be confused or disoriented for a short time upon awakening. Although waking a sleepwalker is not dangerous, sleepwalking itself can be dangerous, because the person is unaware of his or her surroundings and can bump into objects or fall down.


Question: What is parasomnia?

Answer: Parasomnias are disruptive sleep disorders that can occur during arousals from REM sleep or partial arousals from non- REM sleep. Parasomnias include nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, confusional arousals, and many others.


Question: Which drugs can help treat sleep-related painful erections?

Answer: The treatment of sleep-related painful erections may involve drugs that suppress REM sleep (some antidepressants, for example).


Question: What are nocturnal leg cramps?

Answer: Nocturnal leg cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions most commonly of the calf muscles during the night or periods of rest. The cramping sensation may last from a few seconds to 10 minutes, but the pain from the cramps may linger for a longer period.


Question: What is sleep enuresis?

Answer: In this condition, the affected person is unable to maintain urinary control when asleep. There are two kinds of enuresis -- primary and secondary. In primary enuresis, a person has been unable to have urinary control from infancy onward. In secondary enuresis, a person has a relapse after previously having been able to have urinary control. Enuresis can be caused by medical conditions (for example, diabetes, urinary tract infections, and sleep apnea) or by psychiatric disorders.


Question: What is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder?

Answer: Sleepwalking most often occurs during deep non- REM sleep (stages 3 and 4 sleep) early in the night and it can occur during REM sleep in the early morning. REM sleep usually involves a state of sleep paralysis (atonia), but people with this condition move the body or limbs while dreaming. Usually, RBD occurs in men aged 50 and older, but the disorder also can occur in women and in younger people. It differs from sleepwalking and sleep terrors, in that the sleeper can be easily awakened and can recall vivid details of the dream.


Question: Who gets night terrors?

Answer: This sleep disorder, which may run in families, also can occur in adults. Strong emotional tension and/or the use of alcohol can increase the incidence of night terrors among adults. This disorder is most commonly seen in children between ages 5 and 12; however, sleepwalking can occur among younger children, adults, and seniors.


Question: What is sleep bruxism?

Answer: Sleep bruxism -- or teeth grinding -- involves the involuntary, unconscious, excessive grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep. Sleep bruxism may lead to problems, including abnormal wear of the teeth and jaw muscle discomfort. In some cases, grinding can be prevented with the use of a mouth guard. The mouth guard, supplied by a dentist, can fit over the teeth to prevent them from grinding against each other.


Question: What is sleepwalking?

Answer: Sleepwalking occurs when a person appears to be awake and moving around, but is actually asleep. This disorder is most commonly seen in children between ages 5 and 12; however, sleepwalking can occur among younger children, adults, and seniors. Although it usually is harmless, sleep talking can be disturbing to sleep partners or family members who witness it.


Question: What home tests can screen for the human immunodeficiency virus?

Answer: If you buy one online, choose one of these FDA-approved tests: Home Access HIV-1 Test System: You prick your finger to get a blood sample and send it to a lab. If the result is positive, a follow-up test is done on the sample right away. You can call in to find out your results -- including the follow-up test -- as soon as the next business day. Ora Quick In- Home HIV Test: This is a "rapid result" test. It comes with a test stick and a test tube that has fluid in it. You swab your gums with the stick, then put it in the test tube. You get results in 20 minutes. If you test positive, you'll need follow-up testing at a clinic or doctor's office.


Question: What can you do if you test negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: If you test negative: You can protect yourself. A negative result can remind you how important it is for you or your partner to wear a condom -- especially when you consider that 1 in 8 people with the virus don't know they have HIV. If you're HIV-negative but are afraid you were just exposed to HIV, ask a doctor about post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP. You can take HIV medicines that can help prevent infection if you start them within 72 hours.


Question: What is the antigen test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Two common screening tests are: Antibody test: This is the most common type of HIV screening test. Antigen/antibody test: This screening test is also known as a combination or fourth-generation test. It looks for part of the virus (called an antigen) in your blood as well as HIV antibodies. This test can tell if there's HIV in your blood within 2 to 6 weeks of when you were exposed.


Question: What is the antibody test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Two common screening tests are: Antibody test: This is the most common type of HIV screening test. It doesn't look for the virus but instead looks for disease-fighting proteins (antibodies) your body makes if you have HIV. They can be found in your blood, urine, or saliva. It can take 3 to 12 weeks to make enough antibodies to tell if you have HIV. Two home HIV tests that check for antibodies have been approved by the FDA. A negative result can remind you how important it is for you or your partner to wear a condom -- especially when you consider that 1 in 8 people with the virus don't know they have HIV.


Question: How widespread is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: In fact, about 30% of new HIV infections every year are transmitted by people who haven't been diagnosed. It's a good idea to be tested so you can know for sure. A negative result can remind you how important it is for you or your partner to wear a condom -- especially when you consider that 1 in 8 people with the virus don't know they have HIV.


Question: When should you call your doctor about back pain?

Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord. Seek immediate medical help. The pain in your back extends downward along the back of the leg; you may be suffering from sciatica. The pain increases when you cough or bend forward at the waist; this can be the sign of a herniated disc. The pain is accompanied by fever, burning during urination, or frequent and/or urgent urination. You may have an infection. You begin to have problems controlling your bowels or bladder; seek immediate medical help.


Question: What should you know about back pain?

Answer: Most people have experienced back pain sometime in their lives. The causes of back pain are numerous; some are self-inflicted due to a lifetime of bad habits. Other back pain causes include accidents, muscle strains, and sports injuries. Although the causes may be different, most often they share the same symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of back pain?

Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord.


Question: What are warnings that could mean a serious back pain problem?

Answer: Other "red flags" that could point to a serious back pain problem include: A history of cancer Unintentional weight loss You have been on steroids or medication that weakens your immune system A history of trauma Pain that is getting worse and does not get better after you rest Pain that has lasted more than a month Nighttime pain Unresponsive to earlier back pain therapies A history of IV drug use


Question: How are osmotic laxatives used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Osmotic laxatives include lactulose, which is prescribed by a doctor, and polyethylene glycol ( Miralax), which you can buy over the counter. They pull water back into the colon to soften stool. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation. They may actually make other symptoms worse. Side effects include diarrhea, dehydration, and bloating. Osmotics are considered fairly safe for long-term use for some people with IBS- C, but talk it over with your doctor before you use them regularly.


Question: Do people manage their irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) symptoms by changing their diet?

Answer: Here are some common treatment strategies to discuss with your doctor: Many people manage their symptoms by changing what they eat.


Question: Are antispasmodic drugs used to treat IBS?

Answer: Antispasmodics Antispasmodic drugs such as dicyclomine ( Bentyl) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin) relieve the stomach cramps brought on by IBS by relaxing the smooth muscle of the gut. But they also may cause constipation, so they aren't usually prescribed for people who suffer IBS- C. Other side effects are dry mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision.


Question: Do I need a doctor to treat my IBS-C?

Answer: It's also to soothe the stomachaches, pain, and bloating that are also common symptoms of IBS- C. Don't try to treat yourself without talking with your doctor. You need to be sure IBS- C is the cause of your symptoms. And there are health risks that come with taking laxatives and supplements regularly.


Question: How can I figure out which treatment is right for my IBS-C?

Answer: You may need to try several different therapies, or different combinations, before you find what works. Also, your symptoms may change with treatment. You may feel constipated and swollen now, have diarrhea and cramping in a few weeks, and then go back to being constipated. With proper treatment -- and some patience -- you can manage your IBS- C symptoms and lead an active life.


Question: Which beverages should I avoid if I have IBS?

Answer: Another good idea: Stay away from coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol. They can slow down your stools.


Question: What alternative treatments are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Some people find alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbs relieve their symptoms. But there isn't much scientific evidence that these therapies work for IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS- C, talk with your doctors first. Some herbs can affect how other medications work.


Question: Would a symptom journal help me treat my IBS-C?

Answer: Keep a symptom journal to figure out which foods your system can handle. Just jot down your IBS symptoms, then note the type and amount of foods you ate during the meals before the symptoms started.


Question: What are stimulant laxatives?

Answer: Stimulant laxatives include bisacodyl ( Correctol, Dulcolax), sennosides ( Ex- Lax, Senokot), castor oil, and the plant cascara. With these laxatives, the active ingredient triggers muscles in the bowels to contract, moving stool through. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications. Over time, senna can damage nerves in the colon wall, and the drugs may stop working.


Question: How are stimulant laxatives used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Stimulant laxatives include bisacodyl ( Correctol, Dulcolax), sennosides ( Ex- Lax, Senokot), castor oil, and the plant cascara. With these laxatives, the active ingredient triggers muscles in the bowels to contract, moving stool through. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications. Over time, senna can damage nerves in the colon wall, and the drugs may stop working.


Question: What antidepressants are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe you a low dose of antidepressants for your IBS. This doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. Antidepressants can block the brain's perception of pain in the gut. For IBS- C, your doctor may prescribe small doses of an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressant, such as citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft). Their side effects may include nausea, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.


Question: What's the best way to treat IBS-C?

Answer: There's no single, best approach to treating IBS- C. Often, people use a mix of therapies to get relief. They can include changes in diet, exercise, stress management, and medication.


Question: What alternative treatments are used to treat IBS or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) ?

Answer: Some people find alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbs relieve their symptoms. But there isn't much scientific evidence that these therapies work for IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS- C, talk with your doctors first. Some herbs can affect how other medications work.


Question: How can you prevent IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Another good idea: Stay away from coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol. They can slow down your stools. So can processed foods such as chips, cookies, and white bread and rice. Keep a symptom journal to figure out which foods your system can handle. Just jot down your IBS symptoms, then note the type and amount of foods you ate during the meals before the symptoms started.


Question: Other than fiber, which foods help loosen bowels?

Answer: Dried plums, prune juice, ground flaxseed, and water also help loosen bowels.


Question: Are antidepressants used to treat IBS-C?

Answer: Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe you a low dose of antidepressants for your IBS. This doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. Antidepressants can block the brain's perception of pain in the gut. For IBS- C, your doctor may prescribe small doses of an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressant, such as citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft). Their side effects may include nausea, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.


Question: How can changes in diet treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Here are some common treatment strategies to discuss with your doctor: Many people manage their symptoms by changing what they eat. Fiber reduces constipation by softening stool, making it easier to pass. Yet few of us come close to eating the daily 25 grams for women or the 38 grams for men that experts recommend. Good sources of fiber include whole-grain bread and cereals, fruits, vegetables, and beans.


Question: What is lubiprostone and how does it help IBS-C?

Answer: Lubiprostone ( Amitiza) treats IBS- C in women who haven't been helped by other treatments. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain.


Question: Can osmotic laxatives help with IBS-C?

Answer: Osmotic laxatives include lactulose, which is prescribed by a doctor, and polyethylene glycol ( Miralax), which you can buy over the counter. They pull water back into the colon to soften stool. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation. They may actually make other symptoms worse. Side effects include diarrhea, dehydration, and bloating.


Question: Should I add more fiber to my diet?

Answer: If you plan to add more high-fiber foods to your diet, do it gradually. Foods affect each person in different ways. Some people get diarrhea and gas when they eat too much fiber, especially all at once.


Question: What prescription medications are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: The drug is a capsule you take once daily on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before the first meal of the day. It helps relieve constipation by helping bowel movements happen more often. People age 17 or younger shouldn't take it. The most common side effect is diarrhea. Lubiprostone ( Amitiza) treats IBS- C in women who haven't been helped by other treatments. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and belly pain. Doctors may suggest other medications to help relieve some symptoms of IBS, such as constipation, diarrhea, or belly cramping.


Question: How should you add fiber to your diet to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: And some high-fiber foods may not agree with you. Dried plums, prune juice, ground flaxseed, and water also help loosen bowels. And they don't treat all IBS symptoms such as stomachaches and bloating. You can reduce stress in many ways.


Question: What supplements are used to treat IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: These include: Wheat bran Corn fiber Calcium polycarbophil ( Fibercon) Psyllium ( Fiberall, Metamucil, Perdiem, and others) These agents may help with constipation, but they don't seem to help with other IBS symptoms such as stomachaches, discomfort, and swelling. The extra fiber may make belly pain, bloating, and discomfort worse. Osmotics are considered fairly safe for long-term use for some people with IBS- C, but talk it over with your doctor before you use them regularly.


Question: Are there different types of laxatives used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: And there are health risks that come with taking laxatives and supplements regularly. There are different kinds of laxatives. It's important to be aware of what you're taking. Some can be habit-forming and possibly harmful in the long run.


Question: How can you reduce stress to help manage IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Foods affect each person in different ways. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Regular exercise effectively lowers stress. Another stress-busting technique is behavioral therapy. This approach teaches you how to change the way your mind and body react to events. It can include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback, and relaxation therapy. Most of these therapies help people avoid overreacting to stressful situations and people. The American College of Gastroenterologists says behavioral therapy can work well for many IBS symptoms.


Question: Can laxatives help IBS-C?

Answer: Laxatives help you go to the bathroom and may work well for occasional constipation. Talk with your doctor before you take these medications.


Question: Does fiber help ease constipation?

Answer: Fiber reduces constipation by softening stool, making it easier to pass. That makes it easier to pass, but research has found that they only help with constipation.


Question: What are the side effects of drugs that treat depression?

Answer: Side effects vary, depending on what type of medication you are taking, and may improve once your body adjusts to the medication.


Question: What should I do if I decide to stop taking antidepressants?

Answer: Quitting antidepressants abruptly can cause discontinuation symptoms such as headache or dizziness or increase the chance that symptoms will return. It is important to discuss tapering off (or changing) medications with your health care provider first.


Question: What medications are used to treat depression?

Answer: When treating anxiety disorders, antidepressants, particularly the SSRIs, have been shown to be effective. Other anti-anxiety drugs include the benzodiazepines, such as as alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan). These drugs do carry a risk of addiction or tolerance (meaning that higher and higher doses become necessary to achieve the same effect), so they are not as desirable for long-term use. Other possible side effects include drowsiness, poor concentration, and irritability. Some anticonvulsant drugs (such as gabapentin [ Neurontin] or pregabalin [ Lyrica]) and some atypical antipsychotics (such as aripiprazole or quetiapine or Seroquel) are also occasionally used "off label" to treat anxiety symptoms or disorders.


Question: How should I clean my newborn's umbilical cord?

Answer: Now, they recommend leaving it alone until it falls off by itself. When your baby has a super-messy bowel movement, some stool may get on the cord. If that happens, clean it gently with soap and water. When you put diapers on your baby, fold them so that they rest below the cord.


Question: What do I need to know about my baby's umbilical cord?

Answer: This is the tube-like structure that carries food and oxygen from you to your baby while you're pregnant. It also carries waste products away from the baby so your body can get rid of them. After you give birth, doctors clamp and cut the cord. It has no nerves, so neither you nor your baby will feel anything. A small stump will be left on your child's belly. At first, the stump might look shiny and yellow. But as it dries out, it may turn brown or gray or even purplish or blue. It'll shrivel and turn black before it falls off on its own.


Question: What happens when my baby's umbilical cord stump comes off?

Answer: It'll shrivel and turn black before it falls off on its own. Call your doctor if you see: Blood on the end of the cord A white or yellow discharge Swelling or redness around the cord Signs that the area around the cord causes your baby pain (for example, he cries when you touch it) It's normal to see a few drops of blood in your baby's diaper. But if there's a lot of blood as the cord separates, call your doctor right away. If the cord hasn't come off after 3 weeks, be patient. Keep the area dry and make sure it's not covered by your child's diaper. If it hasn't come off in 6 weeks, or you see signs of fever or infection, call your doctor.


Question: How should you care for yourself during pregnancy if you have lupus?

Answer: In addition to seeing your doctor regularly and following your treatment plan, there are many things you can do to care for yourself and your baby: Get plenty of rest. Plan for a good night's sleep and take breaks throughout the day. Eat healthfully. Avoid excessive weight gain. Have your doctor refer you to a dietitian if needed. Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. If you have any unusual symptoms, speak to your doctor right away.


Question: Can you get pregnant if you have lupus?

Answer: Doctors once advised women with lupus not to get pregnant due to the potential risks to mother and baby. But while pregnancy with lupus still carries its own set of risks, most women with lupus can safely become pregnant and have healthy babies.


Question: How should you manage childbirth if you have lupus?

Answer: Women with lupus may have a greater risk of pregnancy complications. Your doctor will decide the method of delivery -- cesarean section or vaginal. But if the mother or baby is under stress, a cesarean section may be the safest and fastest way to deliver. If you have taken steroids during pregnancy, your doctor will increase your dose during labor to help your body cope with the added stress.


Question: What are the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

Answer: Symptoms of ODD may include: Throwing repeated temper tantrums Excessively arguing with adults, especially those with authority Actively refusing to comply with requests and rules Deliberately trying to annoy or upset others, or being easily annoyed by others Blaming others for your mistakes Having frequent outbursts of anger and resentment Being spiteful and seeking revenge Swearing or using obscene language Saying mean and hateful things when upset In addition, many children with ODD are moody, easily frustrated, and have a low self-esteem. They also sometimes may abuse drugs and alcohol.


Question: Can oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) be prevented?

Answer: Although it may not be possible to prevent ODD, recognizing and acting on symptoms when they first appear can minimize distress to the child and family, and prevent many of the problems associated with the illness. Family members also can learn steps to take if signs of relapse (return of symptoms) appear. In addition, providing a nurturing, supportive, and consistent home environment with a balance of love and discipline may help reduce symptoms and prevent episodes of defiant behavior.


Question: What is the outlook for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

Answer: If your child is showing signs of ODD, it is very important that you seek care from a qualified mental health professional immediately. Without treatment, children with ODD may experience rejection by classmates and other peers because of their poor social skills and aggressive and annoying behavior. In addition, a child with ODD has a greater chance of developing a more serious behavioral disorder called conduct disorder. When started early, treatment is usually very effective.


Question: How is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) treated?

Answer: Treatment usually consists of a combination of the following: Psychotherapy : Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is aimed at helping the child develop more effective coping and problem-solving skills, and ways to express and control anger. A type of therapy called cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to reshape the child's thinking (cognition) to improve behavior. A specialized therapy technique called parent management training ( PMT) teaches parents ways to positively alter their child's behavior. Medication: While there is no medication that is scientifically established or formally approved to treat ODD, drugs may sometimes be used to treat symptoms (impulsivity, irritability, etc.) or other mental illnesses that may be present, such as ADHD or depression.