Question: What are the recommendations for pregnancy backaches?

Answer: Recommendations: Wear low-heeled (but not flat) shoes. Avoid lifting heavy objects. Squat down with your knees bent when picking things up instead of bending down at the waist. Don't stand on your feet for long periods. If you need to stand for long periods, place one foot on a stool or box for support. Sit in a chair with good back support, or place a small pillow behind your lower back. Also, place your feet on a footrest or stool. Check that your bed is firm. If needed, put a board between the mattress and box spring. Sleep on your left side with a pillow between your legs for support. Apply a hot water bottle or heating pad on low setting to your back, take a warm bath or shower, or try massage. Perform exercises, as advised by your health care provider, to make your back muscles stronger and help relieve the soreness. Maintain good posture. Standing up straight will ease the strain on your back. Contact your health care provider if you have a low backache that goes around your stomach and does not go away within one hour after you change position or rest. This might be a sign of premature labor.


Question: What are the recommendations for vaginal discharge during pregnancy?

Answer: Recommendations: Choose cotton underwear or brands made from natural fibers. Avoid tight-fitting jeans or pants. Do not douche. Douching can introduce air into your circulatory system or break your bag of waters in later pregnancy. Clean the vaginal area often with soap and water. Wipe yourself from front to back. Contact your health care provider if you have burning, itching, irritation or swelling, bad odor, bloody discharge, or bright yellow or green discharge (these symptoms could be a sign of infection).


Question: What are the recommendations for pregnancy nausea or vomiting?

Answer: Recommendations: If nausea is a problem in the morning, eat dry foods like cereal, toast or crackers before getting out of bed. Try eating a high-protein snack such as lean meat or cheese before going to bed (protein takes longer to digest). If you are hungry but extremely nauseated, try the BRAT (bananas, rice and tea) diet as well as bland foods. Seabands offer some pregnant women comfort. Ginger may combat nausea. Eat small meals or snacks every two to three hours rather than three large meals. Eat slowly and chew your food completely. Sip on fluids throughout the day. Avoid large amounts of fluids at one time. Try cool, clear fruit juices, such as apple or grape juice. Avoid spicy, fried, or greasy foods. If you are bothered by strong smells, eat foods cold or at room temperature to minimize or avoid odors that bother you. Talk to your doctor about taking vitamin B6. Other natural treatments and prescription medications can provide relief. Contact your health care provider if your vomiting is constant or so severe that you can't keep fluids or foods down. This can cause dehydration and should be treated right away.


Question: What causes pregnancy constipation?

Answer: Pressure on your rectum from your uterus may also cause constipation.


Question: What are the recommendations for shortness of breath during pregnancy?

Answer: Recommendations: When walking, slow down and rest a few moments. Raise your arms over your head (this lifts your rib cage and allows you to breathe in more air). Avoid lying flat on your back, and try sleeping with your head elevated. If prolonged shortness of breathing continues or you experience sharp pain when inhaling, contact your health care provider. You could have a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs).


Question: How much sleep do you need for your immune system to work properly?

Answer: You need 7 to 8 hours of shut-eye each night to boost your defenses.


Question: What is the immune system?

Answer: Simply put, it's a balanced network of cells and organs that work together to defend you against disease. It stops threats like bacteria or viruses from getting into your body. Think of it as a powerful "search and destroy" task force that sends immune-cell forces out to hunt down the unwanted intruders and get rid of them.


Question: How can lifestyle changes that are good for the immune system prevent sickness?

Answer: These tactics also bump up your levels of Ig A, a protein in your immune system that fights infections. It helps keep threats out of your body -- and zaps any that do get in.


Question: How does the immune system work?

Answer: You also have a backup response known as the "cell-mediated immune system." This involves immune system cells rather than antibodies. They help your body create memories of past defenses against certain threats. When your body sees that invader again, it calls up that memory and sets out to destroy the threat before the disease develops. This is what makes vaccines or immunizations work for illnesses like the flu, measles, chicken pox, or hepatitis. The shot has a small but harmless amount of the disease in it so your immune cells can react, learn, and remember how to protect you from it next time.


Question: Can lifestyle changes boost your immune system?

Answer: That's why doctors urge you to make certain lifestyle changes.


Question: What vaccines do children and teens need?

Answer: Children and teens need these: Hepatitis A and B Rotavirus Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Measles, mumps, rubella Varicella Polio Pneumococcus Human papillomavirus ( HPV) Meningococcal Influenza Haemophilus influenza type B -- called Hi B The CDC says all children ages 11 to 12 need a vaccine for meningitis with a booster at ages 16 to 18. Also get one if you're traveling to countries with high rates of meningococcal disease.


Question: Can helping my immune system keep me from getting the flu?

Answer: When it's working well, it can help you avoid illness. But if you let it get run down, you're more likely to get sick. Learn what your body's defenses do and how to strengthen them so you can boost your odds of staying well.


Question: What is the treatment for IBS-M?

Answer: There is no cure for IBS, so the goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms so you feel better and can tackle your daily activities. When constipation is a major problem, as it often is with IBS- M, your doctor may suggest you take a fiber supplement. Prescription medications may also be part of your treatment. They may include drugs for constipation, diarrhea, pain, and depression or anxiety. However, drug treatment is often a challenge with IBS- M. That's because medication for diarrhea can make constipation worse, and vice-versa. The best medications for IBS- M may be those that have only a short-term effect.


Question: What common tests can diagnose mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M)?

Answer: Your doctor may order a few common tests, such as: Basic blood tests, including a complete blood count, to rule out other diseases A blood test for celiac disease (when your body can't digest gluten) If your main symptom is diarrhea, your doctor may test your stool If you have any âred flagâ issues such as weight loss, fever, bleeding, or a family history of digestive diseases (including colon cancer), you may need a colonoscopy.


Question: What are three types of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: IBS causes digestive problems like cramping, belly pain, and bloating; and diarrhea, constipation, or both. There are three types, which are grouped by the main bowel problem that you have. IBS- D (diarrhea) IBS- C (constipation) IBS- M (mixed), also known as IBS- A (alternating) It's called âmixedâ because you go back and forth between diarrhea and constipation, sometimes pretty quickly.


Question: What should you know about IBS-M?

Answer: IBS- D (diarrhea) IBS- C (constipation) IBS- M (mixed), also known as IBS- A (alternating) It's called âmixedâ because you go back and forth between diarrhea and constipation, sometimes pretty quickly.


Question: What can help with IBS-M?

Answer: Relaxation techniques can also be a big help for people with the condition. Techniques like meditation or hypnosis can help ease symptoms and calm some of the stress of living with IBS- M.


Question: What are the different types of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: IBS causes digestive problems like cramping, belly pain, and bloating; and diarrhea, constipation, or both. There are three types, which are grouped by the main bowel problem that you have. IBS- D (diarrhea) IBS- C (constipation) IBS- M (mixed), also known as IBS- A (alternating) It's called âmixedâ because you go back and forth between diarrhea and constipation, sometimes pretty quickly.


Question: What diet changes are recommended for mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M)?

Answer: You may need to try some diet changes to find out which foods make you feel better and which ones make your symptoms worse. For example, if gas is a problem, see if you feel better by avoiding foods that can cause it, such as: Beans Onions Celery Carrots Raisins Apricots Prunes Brussels sprouts Pretzels Bagels Many people with IBS feel better when they follow a diet that's low in FODMAPs, a type of carbohydrate.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose IBS-M?

Answer: Some possible reasons behind it include: Your genes Infections Inflammation The way your brain and your digestive tract signal each other Psychological factors, like stress or past trauma Your diet Gut bacteria There are no tests that can tell for sure whether you have IBS- M. It's tough for doctors to diagnose any type of the condition. They generally rely on the symptoms you describe and their experience treating IBS to make a diagnosis.


Question: When do you need a colonoscopy for IBS-M?

Answer: Your doctor may order a few common tests, such as: Basic blood tests, including a complete blood count, to rule out other diseases A blood test for celiac disease (when your body can't digest gluten) If your main symptom is diarrhea, your doctor may test your stool If you have any âred flagâ issues such as weight loss, fever, bleeding, or a family history of digestive diseases (including colon cancer), you may need a colonoscopy. For this test, the doctor looks inside your large intestine using a tool with a tiny camera.


Question: How is mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M) treated?

Answer: There is no cure for IBS, so the goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms so you feel better and can tackle your daily activities. When constipation is a major problem, as it often is with IBS- M, your doctor may suggest you take a fiber supplement. Prescription medications may also be part of your treatment. They may include drugs for constipation, diarrhea, pain, and depression or anxiety. However, drug treatment is often a challenge with IBS- M. That's because medication for diarrhea can make constipation worse, and vice-versa. The best medications for IBS- M may be those that have only a short-term effect.


Question: What causes mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M)?

Answer: Doctors don't really know what causes the condition. It may happen for a number of reasons, which could be different from person to person. Some possible reasons behind it include: Your genes Infections Inflammation The way your brain and your digestive tract signal each other Psychological factors, like stress or past trauma Your diet Gut bacteria There are no tests that can tell for sure whether you have IBS- M. It's tough for doctors to diagnose any type of the condition.


Question: What can you do to live with IBS-M?

Answer: For some, medications can be an important part of getting IBS- M under control. But there's more you can do to feel better -- physically and mentally -- with this condition. You may need to try some diet changes to find out which foods make you feel better and which ones make your symptoms worse. For example, if gas is a problem, see if you feel better by avoiding foods that can cause it, such as: Beans Onions Celery Carrots Raisins Apricots Prunes Brussels sprouts Pretzels Bagels Many people with IBS feel better when they follow a diet that's low in FODMAPs, a type of carbohydrate. Others say it helps to avoid foods that have lactose, the sugar in milk.


Question: What causes IBS-M?

Answer: It may happen for a number of reasons, which could be different from person to person. Some possible reasons behind it include: Your genes Infections Inflammation The way your brain and your digestive tract signal each other Psychological factors, like stress or past trauma Your diet Gut bacteria There are no tests that can tell for sure whether you have IBS- M. It's tough for doctors to diagnose any type of the condition.


Question: Why is mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M) called mixed?

Answer: IBS- D (diarrhea) IBS- C (constipation) IBS- M (mixed), also known as IBS- A (alternating) It's called âmixedâ because you go back and forth between diarrhea and constipation, sometimes pretty quickly. And some studies have found that people with this type tend to have more belly pain or discomfort than those who have IBS- C or D. The difference between occasional digestive issues and IBS is that, with IBS, discomfort and bowel troubles are common and go on for months.


Question: What can I do at times when my pain is worse?

Answer: If you notice that certain activities contribute to your pain, or that you feel worse at certain times of the day, medication can be taken prior to the activity (or time of day) to help prevent the pain from occurring. You may also be prescribed a long-acting pain medication with a short-acting one for breakthrough pain that you take as needed. Always be sure to follow your doctor's instructions.


Question: What is the definition of emphysema?

Answer: This and chronic bronchitis are the two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), the third-leading cause of death in the United States. These conditions are called âobstructiveâ because it's as though something is blocking the smooth flow of air in and out of the lungs.


Question: Does insurance cover varicose and spider vein treatment?

Answer: Many insurance companies cover the cost of treating varicose veins, but generally not spider veins. The best approach is to check with your insurance company before considering treatment options.


Question: What is sclerotherapy for varicose and spider veins?

Answer: This procedure uses a highly concentrated saline (salt) solution or a specially made detergent that is injected directly into the vein, causing the vein to disappear gradually over three to six weeks. The procedure is simple, relatively inexpensive, and can be performed in an outpatient setting.


Question: What is radiofrequency occlusion for varicose and spider veins?

Answer: A small catheter is inserted into the vein. The catheter delivers radiofrequency energy to the vein wall, causing it to heat, collapse, and seal shut. The procedure is generally done in an outpatient or office setting, sometimes under local anesthesia.


Question: What is endovenous laser treatment for varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Endovenous laser treatment is a procedure in which a small laser fiber is inserted into the vein. Pulses of laser light are delivered inside the vein, which causes the vein to collapse. The procedure is done as an outpatient under local anesthesia.


Question: Can surgery help varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Surgical techniques to treat varicose veins include ligation (tying off of a vein) and stripping (removal of a long segment of vein). Another procedure, ambulatory phlebectomy, allows for the removal of large surface veins through very small incisions that do not need stitches. Surgery may be performed using local, spinal, or general anesthesia. Most patients return home the same day as the procedure. Surgery is generally used to treat large varicose veins.


Question: What makes you likely to get varicose and spider veins?

Answer: A number of factors predispose a person to varicose veins and spider veins. These include: Heredity Occupations that involve a lot of standing, such as nurses, hair stylists, teachers, and factory workers Obesity Hormonal influences of pregnancy, puberty, and menopause The use of birth control pills Postmenopausal hormonal replacement A history of blood clots Conditions that cause increased pressure in the abdomen, such as tumors, constipation, and externally worn garments like girdles. Other reported causes include trauma or injury to the skin, previous vein surgery, and exposure to ultraviolet rays.


Question: What are symptoms of varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Many people with varicose veins complain of pain, described as an aching or cramping in the legs. Other common symptoms include tiredness, restlessness, burning, throbbing, tingling, or heaviness in the legs.


Question: Can support stocking help treat varicose and spider veins?

Answer: The most conservative approach is simply to wear properly-fitting support hose, especially when the veins cause painful or uncomfortable symptoms. These stockings can generally be purchased at any surgical supply store and at some pharmacies. They come in below-the-knee, above-the-knee, and pantyhose styles.


Question: How do babies get microcephaly?

Answer: The child's brain stops growing as it should. This can happen while the baby is still in the mother's womb or within the first few years of birth. Your doctor may not be able to tell you why this happened to your baby. In most cases, the exact cause is unknown. It can be brought on by: A problem with your genes (congenital microcephaly) Something in your environment (acquired microcephaly) Congenital microcephaly is passed down through families.


Question: How can I treat my migraines if I am pregnant?

Answer: Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters. If you have severe migraines, your doctor may suggest that you first try a treatment that's not a drug -- such as biofeedback, relaxation therapy, or stress management training. He may also recommend a preventive drug that has the lowest risk possible. Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of taking preventive medications for migraine.


Question: When should I avoid preventive medicine for migraine headaches?

Answer: Other health conditions keep you from taking preventive drugs. Those drugs could mix badly with other medicines you take. You prefer treatments that don't involve meds.


Question: Are tricyclic antidepressants used to treat migraines?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline ( Aventyl) or nortriptyline ( Pamelor). Research suggests duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and venlafaxine ( Effexor XR) may be helpful in preventing migraines.


Question: Can headaches increase during pregnancy?

Answer: Your headaches may ease up during your second and third trimesters.


Question: If I am pregnant and have severe migraines, what are my treatment options?

Answer: If you have severe migraines, your doctor may suggest that you first try a treatment that's not a drug -- such as biofeedback, relaxation therapy, or stress management training. He may also recommend a preventive drug that has the lowest risk possible.


Question: When should I consider medication to prevent migraines?

Answer: You may want to consider medicine to prevent migraines if you: Have pain that hampers your life despite treatment Get at more than three moderate to severe headaches per month Take a lot of painkillers Don't get enough relief from meds you now take Have side effects from your headache drugs Have uncommon migraine conditions like continuing aura (blurred vision or seeing spots or wavy lines) Preventive medicine might not be right for you if: Your headaches are infrequent and controlled by anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen.


Question: When should I consider using medications to prevent migraines?

Answer: You may want to consider medicine to prevent migraines if you: Have pain that hampers your life despite treatment Get at more than three moderate to severe headaches per month Take a lot of painkillers Don't get enough relief from meds you now take Have side effects from your headache drugs Have uncommon migraine conditions like continuing aura (blurred vision or seeing spots or wavy lines) Preventive medicine might not be right for you if: Your headaches are infrequent and controlled by anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen.


Question: What beta-blockers are used to treat migraines?

Answer: These relax your blood vessels. Your doctor may suggest metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) or propranolol ( Inderal, Innopran XL).


Question: How can I learn about the risks and benefits of taking preventive migraine medications?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of taking preventive medications for migraine. Together, you can decide the best approach for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: Guillain- Barre syndrome strikes quickly. You usually feel it first in your arms and legs. You may notice muscle weakness or a âpins and needlesâ tingling in your hands and feet, which later moves toward your midsection. You may also feel unusually tired. Your reflexes may slow. Some people feel only a mild weakness. Others become almost entirely paralyzed and struggle to swallow or breathe. If you feel anything more than mild weakness, you should call 911. Your symptoms can get worse quickly. Most people are at their weakest 3 weeks after symptoms appear.


Question: What causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: No one's sure if a germ or virus, like the Zika virus, causes GBS . It could be that some illnesses alter your nerve cells, so your immune system starts to view them as threats. Others think your immune system forgets which cells it shouldn't attack.


Question: What are the treatments for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: In some cases, in order to speed recovery, the doctor will take blood from your body, âcleanâ it, and then return it to you. This process is called plasmapheresis. Your doctor may give you immunoglobulin, or antibodies. You'll get high doses of healthy cells through an IV. These help lessen your immune system's attack on your body.


Question: What are conditions that usually qualify for a handicap parking permit?

Answer: Check with your own state to find out the specific criteria regarding who qualifies for disabled parking. Common conditions include: Lung disease Heart disease Substantially impaired mobility, for example, use of a wheelchair, brace, or cane A disease that significantly limits your ability walk or to use your legs Documented vision problems, including low-vision or partial sightedness Loss of one or both legs or loss of both hands, or limited use of these parts Be aware that other conditions also may apply, so ask your doctor about your eligibility.


Question: How do allergy shots for insect stings work?

Answer: Allergy shots for insect stings put tiny amounts of the allergen (you may hear it called âinsect venomâ) into your body over time. Your body gets used to the allergen, and if you get stung again, you won't have such a bad reaction.


Question: Who might benefit from shoulder replacement surgery?

Answer: You may have to have it done if you have a condition that makes it painful and hard to use your arm, such as: A serious shoulder injury like a broken bone Severe arthritis A torn rotator cuff Your doctor will probably try to treat you with drugs or physical therapy first. If those don't work, he may recommend surgery. Shoulder replacement surgery is less common than hip or knee replacements. But more than 50,000 shoulder replacements are done in the U. S. each year. An orthopedic surgeon will replace the natural bone in the ball and socket of your shoulder joint with a material that could be metal or plastic.


Question: What are complications of shoulder replacement surgery?

Answer: But as with any operation, there's a chance of complications. These may include: Infection or bleeding around the joint: You'll probably get antibiotics after your surgery to lower your chances of an infection. Dislocation: This happens when the ball slips out of the socket. Nerves around your shoulder may get damaged during surgery: They usually recover. After years of use, the replacement joint may become loose or separate from the bone: You may need surgery to fix it.


Question: What can you do about your floors to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Remove all loose wires, cords, and throw rugs. Minimize clutter. Make sure rugs are anchored and smooth. Keep furniture in its accustomed place.


Question: How can you prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: While there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk for falls, the two most important things are to work with your doctor to ensure that your treatments are optimal and to consult with a physical therapist who can assess your walking and balance. The physical therapist is the expert when it comes to recommending assistive devices or exercises to improve safety.


Question: What can you do about your bathroom to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install grab bars and nonskid tape in the tub or shower. Use nonskid bath mats on the floor or install wall-to-wall carpeting.


Question: What can you do about your kitchen to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install nonskid rubber mats near the sink and stove. Clean up spills immediately.


Question: What can you do about your entrances and doorways to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install metal handles on the walls adjacent to doorknobs of all doors to make it more secure as you travel through the doorway.


Question: What can you do about your stairs to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Make sure treads, rails, and rugs are secure. Install a rail on both sides of the stairs. If stairs are a threat, it may be helpful to arrange most of your activities on the lower level to reduce the number of times stairs must be climbed.


Question: What is it like after a wisdom teeth removal?

Answer: Everyone responds differently to anesthesia. If you had a local anesthetic and feel alert, you might be able to drive home to begin your recovery. You might even be able to go back to work or do your normal activities. If you had general anesthesia or still feel drowsy, you'll need someone to drive you home. Most people have little to no pain after surgery. You'll likely have swelling and mild discomfort for 3 or so days. Your mouth may need a few weeks to completely heal. Follow your doctor's instructions for a quicker recovery.


Question: Why should I get my wisdom teeth removed?

Answer: Wisdom teeth are a third set of molars in the back of your mouth. They usually come in between the ages of 17 and 25, and they're spotted on X-rays. Most people have them removed for one of these reasons: They're impacted. Because they're so far back in your mouth, wisdom teeth may not come in normally. They can be trapped in your jawbone or gums, which can be painful. They come in at the wrong angle. They may press against your other teeth. Your mouth isn't big enough. Your jaw has no room for an extra set of molars. You have cavities or gum disease. You may not be able to reach your wisdom teeth with your toothbrush or dental floss.


Question: What is it like before a wisdom teeth removal?

Answer: You'll meet with the oral surgeon to talk about the process. At this appointment, make sure you: Talk about any health problems you have. List any drugs you take on a regular basis. Ask any questions you have about the surgery. Discuss what type of anesthesia you'll have. You can either be numb or asleep during your surgery. Plan time off from work or school to have your surgery and rest afterward at home. Set up child care, pet care, or a ride home if needed.


Question: What should I do to heal after a wisdom tooth removal?

Answer: Here are some tips for the first 3 days after surgery: Dos: Use an ice pack on your face to curb swelling or skin color changes. Use moist heat for a sore jaw. Gently open and close your mouth to exercise your jaw. Eat soft foods like pasta, rice, or soup. Drink plenty of fluids. Brush your teeth starting the second day. Don't brush against any blood clots. Take the drugs your doctor prescribes to ease pain or swelling. Call your doctor if you have a fever, or if your pain or swelling doesn't improve.


Question: How can you tell if you have skin damage instead of a rash?

Answer: Some rashes look like an allergic reaction but really aren't, because your immune system wasn't involved. Instead, you touched something that took away the surface oils shielding your skin. The longer that thing stayed on your skin, the worse the reaction. It's called irritant contact dermatitis. If you have eczema, you're more likely to get this kind of rash.


Question: How can you tell if you have allergic contact dermatitis?

Answer: But that touch sensitizes your skin, and you could have a reaction the next time. If you got a rash on first contact, chances are you've touched that trigger before and just didn't know it.


Question: What's causing my rash?

Answer: Many of the symptoms can be the same. In both cases, your skin may blister, or you may get a raised red rash. Your skin will itch and maybe burn. When something is irritating or damaging your skin, you'll probably see a rash right away. With an allergy, it may be a day or two before the rash shows up. Symptoms of a contact allergy are usually right around where you touched the thing you're allergic to. Irritant contact dermatitis (skin damage) tends to burn and be more painful than itchy.


Question: What are common triggers for contact dermatitis?

Answer: Common triggers for contact dermatitis are: Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac Hair dyes or straighteners Nickel, a metal found in jewelry and belt buckles Leather (specifically, chemicals used in tanning leather) Latex rubber Citrus fruit, especially the peel Fragrances in soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, and cosmetics Some medications you put on your skin Usually, you won't get a rash the first time your skin touches something you're allergic to.


Question: Is there a set dosage for probiotics?

Answer: Because there are so many different probiotic organisms, there is no set dosage. Ask your health care provider for advice. Some probiotics are dosed by the number of live organisms they contain. For instance, a typical dosage of Lactobacillus acidophilus ranges between 1 billion to 10 billion live organisms split into three or four doses. Dosage may also be indicated as colony forming units ( CFU).


Question: How many probiotics should I take?

Answer: Because there are so many different probiotic organisms, there is no set dosage. Ask your health care provider for advice. Some probiotics are dosed by the number of live organisms they contain. For instance, a typical dosage of Lactobacillus acidophilus ranges between 1 billion to 10 billion live organisms split into three or four doses. Dosage may also be indicated as colony forming units ( CFU).


Question: How can probiotics prevent disease?

Answer: They may also be used with antibiotics to help prevent diarrhea that may come with taking antibiotics. In addition, researchers are studying probiotics to determine if they may help certain types of stomach ulcers (those caused by H. pylori), infections (including urinary tract, vaginal, GI, sinus, and respiratory), dental disease, allergies, and diseases of the liver. However, more research is needed to determine if probiotics are safe and effective for these conditions.


Question: What kinds of probiotics exist?

Answer: There are many types of probiotics. They include lactobacilli (like Lactobacillus acidophilusand Lactobacillus GG), bifidobacteria (like Bifidobacterium bifidus) and some yeasts (like Saccharomyces boulardii). Different probiotics have different effects. So while one may help treat diarrhea or a vaginal infection, another may have no effect. Before you start taking a probiotic supplement, talk to your health care provider to make sure that you get the treatment most likely to help.


Question: How do probiotics differ from prebiotics?

Answer: Probiotics are different from prebiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients in foods that are used to spur the growth of probiotic bacteria in the body by providing a suitable environment in which the probiotics themselves can flourish. Synbiotics are combinations of prebiotics with probiotics.


Question: Why do people take probiotics?

Answer: Probiotics work by balancing the levels of microorganisms in the intestines. They drive down the numbers of harmful bacteria. They also seem to boost the body's immune system. Although research is ongoing, there's good evidence that some probiotics may be helpful in treating irritable bowel syndrome, some types of diarrhea, colitis (particularly ulcerative colitis and and a complication of surgery for ulcerative colitis called pouchitis), acne, and eczema in children. They may also be used with antibiotics to help prevent diarrhea that may come with taking antibiotics.


Question: What is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

Answer: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A condition causing a persistently low number of platelets in the blood, due to an unknown cause; usually, there are no symptoms, yet abnormal bruising, small red spots on the skin (petechiae), or abnormal bleeding can result.


Question: What is lymphoma?

Answer: Blood disorders that affect white blood cells include: Lymphoma : A form of blood cancer that develops in the lymph system. In lymphoma, a white blood cell becomes malignant, multiplying and spreading abnormally. Hodgkin's lymphoma and non- Hodgkin's lymphoma are the two major groups of lymphoma. Treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation can often extend life with lymphoma, and sometimes cure it.


Question: What is deep venous thrombosis?

Answer: Deep venous thrombosis: A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg; a deep venous thrombosis can dislodge and travel through the heart to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.


Question: What is multiple myeloma?

Answer: Multiple myeloma: A blood cancer in which a white blood cell called a plasma cell becomes malignant. The plasma cells multiply and release damaging substances that eventually cause organ damage. Multiple myeloma has no cure, but stem cell transplant and/or chemotherapy can allow many people to live for years with the condition.


Question: What is hemophilia?

Answer: Blood disorders that affect blood plasma include: Hemophilia : A genetic deficiency of certain proteins that help blood to clot; there are multiple forms of hemophilia, ranging in severity from mild to life-threatening.


Question: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Answer: Disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC): A condition that causes tiny blood clots and areas of bleeding throughout the body simultaneously; severe infections, surgery, or complications of pregnancy are conditions that can lead to DIC.


Question: What is MAGNUN (Migraine Awareness group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs)?

Answer: MAGNUM: The National Migraine Association Magnum: Migraine Awareness Group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs, was created to raise awareness of migraines as a neurological disease.


Question: What is the American Headache Society?

Answer: American Headache Society The American Headache Society is a professional society of health care providers dedicated to the study and treatment of headache and face pain.


Question: What is the National Headache Foundation?

Answer: National Headache Foundation The National Headache Foundation exists to enhance the medical treatment of headache. It serves as a resource for people who suffer from headaches, physicians, allied health professionals, and the public.


Question: When should you take your heart failure medication?

Answer: Take your medications as scheduled, at the same time every day. Do not stop taking or change your medications unless you first talk with your doctor. Even if you feel good, continue to take your medications. Stopping your medications suddenly can make your condition worse.


Question: Can medication cure heart failure?

Answer: When it comes to heart failure, medications are intended to improve symptoms. Unfortunately, they cannot cure heart failure. Your doctor will work with you to find the best medications to relieve your symptoms and improve your quality of life.


Question: Can you get dizzy from taking heart failure medication?

Answer: Drugs that relax constricted blood vessels may cause dizziness. If you experience dizziness when standing or getting out of bed, sit or lie down for a few minutes. Then get up more slowly.


Question: Should you tell your doctor about your heart conditions before getting an anesthetic?

Answer: Before having surgery with a general anesthetic, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist in charge what heart conditions you have and what heart failure drugs you are taking. An antibiotic may need to be prescribed prior to your surgical or dental procedure.


Question: What are other skin tips to help treat acne?

Answer: Other skin tips: Don't use too much topical acne medicine -- apply just enough to cover problem areas. Many acne medicines (benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and tretinoin) make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Don't use oily makeup, sunscreen, or hair products. Don't pick at or squeeze your pimples. Keep your hair, hands, and phone off your face. For men, shaving can irritate your skin and make acne worse. Try an electric razor, or be very careful with a blade.


Question: How can I treat more serious acne?

Answer: For more serious acne, your doctor may prescribe: Antibiotics to kill bacteria Birth control pills for women with acne due to hormones Isotretinoin to help you make less oil You may need a combination of oral medicine and a cream or lotion. Don't stop using your treatments if your skin clears. Stick with it until the doctor tells you to stop. This can help keep acne from coming back.


Question: How can I treat acne without a prescription?

Answer: A skin doctor (dermatologist) can help. She might suggest a cream, lotion, gel, or soap that contains ingredients that can help. Many can be bought without a prescription: Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria and removes extra oil. Resorcinol is for whiteheads and blackheads. Salicylic acid keeps pores from getting clogged. Sulfur removes dead skin cells.


Question: What are natural or acidic treatments for acne?

Answer: Some people use natural treatments like tea tree oil (works like benzoyl peroxide, but slower) or alpha hydroxy acids (remove dead skin and unclog pores) for their acne care. Not much is known about how well many of these treatments work and their long-term safety. Many natural ingredients are added to acne lotions and creams. Talk to your doctor to see if they're right for you.


Question: How many children go to emergency rooms for injuries at the backyard each year?

Answer: Each year, more than 200,000 children go to emergency rooms for playground-related injuries. And while deaths from such injuries are rare, most happen at home.


Question: How common is depression caused by aging?

Answer: It's not an unavoidable part of getting older. In fact, about 1 in 20 Americans 60 and older has depression, the lowest rate of any age group. But many depressed seniors don't get diagnosed. Older Americans themselves and their doctors may dismiss any symptoms as a natural reaction to illnesses and life's setbacks.


Question: Why is the flu worse for people over 65?

Answer: When you're over 65, your immune system isn't as strong as it used to be. Seniors make up the bulk of the people who die or are hospitalized for flu-related problems. Age raises the chances of serious flu complications like: Pneumonia Sepsis (bacterial infection in blood) Worsening of lung and heart disease A yearly flu shot is a must. If you're older than 65, ask your doctor about the high-dose version, which offers more protection.


Question: How does hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia affect sleep?

Answer: Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Both hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) can affect sleep in those with diabetes. Hypoglycemia may occur when you have not eaten for many hours, such as overnight, or if you take too much insulin or other medications. Hyperglycemia occurs when the sugar level rises above normal. This may happen after eating too many calories, missing medication, or having an illness. Emotional stress can also cause your blood sugar to rise.


Question: What are some links between sleep and type 2 diabetes?

Answer: People who have poor sleep habits are at greater risk for becoming overweight or obese and developing type 2 diabetes, according to several studies. Chronic sleep deprivation may lead to insulin resistance, which can result in high blood sugar and diabetes. Some studies show that chronic sleep deprivation can affect hormones that control appetite.


Question: What are medications that treat insomnia?

Answer: There are also several medications that treat insomnia, including: Over the counter drugs such as antihistamines including diphenhydramine (such as Benadryl). These drugs should be used short term and in conjunction with changes in sleep habits. Medications used to treat sleep problems such as eszopiclone ( Lunesta), suvorexant ( Belsomra), zaleplon ( Sonata), and zolpidem ( Ambien). Benzodiazepines are an older type of prescription medicine that cause sedation, muscle relaxation, and can lower anxiety levels. Benzodiazepines that were commonly used for the treatment of insomnia include alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), estazolam ( Pro Som), flurazepam ( Dalmane, Dalmadorm), lorazepam ( Ativan), temazepam ( Restoril), and triazolam ( Halcion) Antidepressants such as nefazodone ( Serzone) and very low doses of doxepin (silenor).


Question: How does obesity affect sleep?

Answer: Obesity Obesity, or too much body fat, is often associated with snoring, sleep apnea, and sleep disturbance. Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and stroke.


Question: What is restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Restless Legs Syndrome Restless legs syndrome is a specific sleep disorder that causes an intense, often irresistible urge to move your legs. This sleep disorder is often accompanied by other sensations in the legs such as tingling, pulling, or pain, making it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep.


Question: What is obesity and what are its risks for sleep?

Answer: Obesity Obesity, or too much body fat, is often associated with snoring, sleep apnea, and sleep disturbance. Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and stroke.


Question: What are some treatments for peripheral neuropathy related to type 2 diabetes and sleep?

Answer: Peripheral Neuropathy To treat the pain of peripheral neuropathy, your doctor may prescribe simple pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, or anticonvulsants such as gabapentin ( Gralise, Neurontin), tiagabine ( Gabitril) or topiramate ( Topamax). Other treatments include carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Tegretol), pregabalin ( Lyrica), lidocaine injections, or creams such as capsaicin.


Question: How is peripheral neuropathy treated?

Answer: Peripheral Neuropathy To treat the pain of peripheral neuropathy, your doctor may prescribe simple pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, or anticonvulsants such as gabapentin ( Gralise, Neurontin), tiagabine ( Gabitril) or topiramate ( Topamax). Other treatments include carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Tegretol), pregabalin ( Lyrica), lidocaine injections, or creams such as capsaicin.


Question: What additives can cause migraines?

Answer: These cheeses are high in tyramine: Blue Brie Cheddar Feta Mozzarella Muenster Parmesan Swiss Chemicals added to food to enhance their flavor or help them stay fresh longer may bring on a headache: MSG (monosodium glutamate): The main ingredient in soy sauce and meat tenderizer, MSG can spark a migraine within 20 minutes. It's sometimes listed on packaged foods as âall natural preservativesâ or âhydrolyzed protein.â Nitrates and nitrites: These chemicals are found in many cured and processed meats, like hot dogs, ham, and bacon. Once they get into your system, they cause your blood vessels to swell, which can start a headache. Aspartame: It's unclear how this artificial sweetener, which is 150 times sweeter than sugar, causes headaches. More research is needed. Still, you may want to limit how much you use it.


Question: What are the main types of baby formulas?

Answer: They come in three main forms: Powders. The least expensive option, these are usually mixed with water - one scoop to two ounces of water. Liquid concentrates. Pricier than powders, these are generally diluted with an equal part of water. Ready-to-use baby formulas. Often the most expensive and convenient, ready-to-use formulas can be poured straight into baby's bottle.


Question: What's the difference between milk-based baby and soy-based baby formula?

Answer: The three forms of formula -- powders, concentrates, and ready-to-use -- are based on different ingredients: Milk-based baby formulas Made with cow's milk, vegetable oils (for fat calories), vitamins, and minerals -- and usually iron-fortified (as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics) -- milk-based formulas are appropriate for healthy, full-term babies. Soy-based baby formulas Made with soy protein, vegetable oils, corn syrup and/or sucrose (for carbohydrates), and sometimes iron, these formulas are good for babies with lactose intolerance who can't take milk-based formulas, or those who have allergies to the whole protein in cow's milk or are on a vegetarian-based diet.


Question: What are some of the reasons you might want to change your baby's formula?

Answer: These and other symptoms can also be signs of something unrelated to baby's formula. In that case, a change may not help or could make baby's symptoms worse. That's why you should always talk to your baby's doctor before changing infant formulas. Call your doctor if your baby has any of these symptoms: Dry, red, and scaly skin Diarrhea Extreme fatigue or weakness Forceful vomiting What about switching to follow-up formulas when your baby gets older?


Question: Is SIDS more likely in boys or girls?

Answer: You can swaddle her for warmth, but only until she learns how to roll over.


Question: Is SIDS more common among babies of certain racial or ethnic groups?

Answer: It happens most often among African- Americans, Native Americans, and Alaska natives. Doctors aren't sure why.


Question: Is co-sleeping OK to help prevent SIDS?

Answer: Sharing a room with your baby can cut her chances in half. But sleeping in the same bed with her raises her odds. Try not to fall asleep while sitting up and holding your baby.


Question: When should a person with shoulder and neck pain seek medical care?

Answer: See a doctor or go to a hospital emergency room if: Pain is from a severe blow or injury Neck pain radiates down the arms and legs Headaches, numbness, tingling, or weakness occur with pain The person has a stiff neck with fever, vomiting, and sensitivity to light Apply dry or moist heat.


Question: What OTC meds can help ease shoulder and neck pain?

Answer: Give pain medication such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), or Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).


Question: When are some tests for shoulder and neck pain?

Answer: The person may need an X-ray or CT scan depending on the symptoms or an MRI to determine whether the person has a herniated disc or other nerve compression.


Question: How should people with shoulder and neck pain rest?

Answer: The affected area should not be used for a day or two. Normal activities should be gradually resumed.


Question: How can people with shoulder and neck pain reduce swelling?

Answer: If the area is inflamed, apply ice for 20 minutes 4 to 8 times a day.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis affect your knees or other joints?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) can affect your knees and any other joint in your body.


Question: Will I need knee surgery if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Knee replacement surgery is usually a last resort when damage to the knee is severe and irrepairable. Some people get surgery to remove the inflamed joint lining. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: How does a doctor diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You may also get blood tests to help see if you have RA. Those check for: Anemia (low red blood cell count) Rheumatoid factor ( RF), found in about 70% to 80% of people with RA â Sedâ rate (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). High levels are a sign of inflammation. Antibodies to a chemical called CCP High levels of CRP ( C-reactive protein) You may also get an X-ray or, less frequently, an MRI to check on possible joint damage. And your doctor may take a sample of your synovial fluid, which comes from your joints.


Question: When would someone need surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend physical therapy and occupational therapy, too. Your doctor will recommend other treatments first. Knee replacement surgery is usually a last resort when damage to the knee is severe and irrepairable. Some people get surgery to remove the inflamed joint lining. Your doctor may call that lining the âsynoviumâ and the procedure a âsynovectomy.â The operation, which is performed less frequently than in the past because of better medications, can relieve knee pain for up to 5 years.


Question: How do doctors treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are different kinds of RA medications. Some ease pain. Others curb inflammation or stop the disease from getting worse. You may need to take more than one -- for instance, a pain medication and another to stop the disease's progress. It's best to start early, to help protect your joints.


Question: What are some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants?

Answer: Nevertheless, your doctor may prescribe newer antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for treating depression in bipolar disorder -- along with lithium or other mood stabilizing drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine or an atypical antipsychotic. If and when an antidepressant is effective for someone with bipolar depression, it is believed that the medicine works by boosting the functioning of nerve cells in the brain that communicate through the chemical (neurotransmitter) serotonin. This class of antidepressants includes: citalopram ( Celexa) escitalopram ( Lexapro) fluoxetine ( Prozac) fluvoxamine ( Luvox) paroxetine ( Paxil) sertraline( Zoloft) Vilazodone ( Viibryd) and vortioxetine ( Trintellix, formerly called Brintellix) are two newer antidepressants that affect the serotonin transporter as well as other serotonin receptors in the brain.


Question: How quickly will SSRI antidepressants for bipolar disorder work?

Answer: Most antidepressants take several weeks to start working. Though the first one that is prescribed works in the majority of people, others may need to try two or three to find the right one. Your doctor may also prescribe a sedative to help relieve anxiety, agitation, or sleep problems while the antidepressant begins to work.


Question: How do chemotherapy drugs lead to hair loss?

Answer: Many different types of drugs are thought to cause hair loss, including: Acne medications containing vitamin A (retinoids) Antibiotics and antifungal drugs Antidepressants Birth control pills Anticlotting drugs Cholesterol-lowering drugs Drugs that suppress the immune system Drugs that treat breast cancer and other cancers Epilepsy drugs (anticonvulsants) High blood pressure medications (anti-hypertensives), such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics Hormone replacement therapy Mood stabilizers Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Parkinson's disease drugs Steroids Thyroid medications Weight loss drugs Chemotherapy drugs often lead to the anagen effluvium type of hair loss. As these drugs kill cancer cells throughout the body, they also can damage healthy cells, including hair matrix cells. The hair typically starts to fall out within two weeks of starting chemotherapy and progresses more rapidly after one to two months, according to the American Cancer Society. Hair loss is more common and severe in patients taking combinations of chemotherapy drugs than in those who take just one drug. Chemotherapy drugs that tend to cause hair loss include: adriamycin cyclophosphamide dactinomycin daunorubicin docetaxel doxorubicin etoposide fluorouracil ifosfamide irinotecan methotrexate nitrosureas paclitaxel tamoxifen topotecan vinorelbine It's important to review any medications you take, and discuss their potential side effects with your doctor and pharmacist.


Question: How do drugs cause hair loss?

Answer: During the anagen phase, which lasts for two to six years, the hair grows. During the telogen phase, which lasts about three months, the hair rests. At the end of the telogen phase, the hair falls out and is replaced by new hair. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Medications can lead to two types of hair loss: telogen effluvium and anagen effluvium. Telogen effluvium is the most common form of drug-induced hair loss. It usually appears within 2 to 4 months after taking the drug. This condition causes the hair follicles to go into their resting phase (telogen) and fall out too early. People with telogen effluvium usually shed between 30% to 70% more than the normal 100 and 150 hairs a day. Anagen effluvium is hair loss that occurs during the anagen phase of the hair cycle, when the hairs are actively growing. It prevents the matrix cells, which produce new hairs, from dividing normally. This type of hair loss usually occurs within a few days to weeks after taking the medication. It's most common in people who are taking chemotherapy drugs for cancer and is often severe, causing people to lose most or all of the hair on their head, as well as their eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hairs. The severity of drug-induced hair loss depends on the type of drug and dosage, as well as your sensitivity to that drug.


Question: What should I know about piriformis syndrome?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder that is caused when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve. The piriformis muscle is a flat, band-like muscle located in the buttocks near the top of the hip joint. This muscle is important in lower body movement because it stabilizes the hip joint and lifts and rotates the thigh away from the body. This enables us to walk, shift our weight from one foot to another, and maintain balance. It is also used in sports that involve lifting and rotating the thighs -- in short, in almost every motion of the hips and legs. The sciatic nerve is a thick and long nerve in the body. It passes alongside or goes through the piriformis muscle, goes down the back of the leg, and eventually branches off into smaller nerves that end in the feet. Nerve compression can be caused by spasm of the piriformis muscle.


Question: How can I prevent piriformis syndrome?

Answer: Since piriformis syndrome is usually caused by sports or movement that repeatedly stresses the piriformis muscle, such as running or lunging, prevention is often related to good form. Avoid running or exercising on hills or uneven surfaces. Warm up properly before activity and increase intensity gradually. Use good posture while running, walking, or exercising. If pain occurs, stop the activity and rest until pain subsides. See a health care provider as needed.


Question: How is piriformis syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: In many cases, there is a history of trauma to the area, repetitive, vigorous activity such as long-distance running, or prolonged sitting. Diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is made by the patient's report of symptoms and by physical exam using a variety of movements to elicit pain to the piriformis muscle. In some cases, a contracted or tender piriformis muscle can be found on physical exam. Because symptoms can be similar in other conditions, radiologic tests such as MRIs may be required to rule out other causes of sciatic nerve compression, such as a herniated disc.


Question: How is piriformis syndrome treated?

Answer: If pain is caused by sitting or certain activities, try to avoid positions that trigger pain. Rest, ice, and heat may help relieve symptoms. A doctor or physical therapist can suggest a program of exercises and stretches to help reduce sciatic nerve compression. Osteopathic manipulative treatment has been used to help relieve pain and increase range of motion. Some health care providers may recommend anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or injections with a corticosteroid or anesthetic. Other therapies such as iontophoresis, which uses a mild electric current, and injection with botulinum toxin (botox) have been tried by some doctors. Using the paralytic properties of the botulinum toxin, botox injections is thought by some to relieve muscle tightness and sciatic nerve compression to minimize pain. Surgery may be recommended as a last resort.


Question: Are there treatment options to ease migraines with nausea?

Answer: A number of things can ease migraine with nausea.


Question: How can a cold, the flu, or a stomach flu cause nausea and a headache?

Answer: These viral illnesses can give you nausea and a bad headache. But unlike migraine headaches, you'll usually have other symptoms, too, like a runny nose, diarrhea, chills, body aches, and fever.


Question: Does a migraine with or without an aura cause nausea?

Answer: Those without aura cause severe head pain, sensitivity to light, and nausea. People who have migraines with aura typically have warning symptoms 20 minutes to 1 hour before the headache begins, like nausea, vision problems, and dizziness.


Question: What complementary treatments can help ease migraines with nausea?

Answer: Some evidence shows that biofeedback and acupuncture may help ease migraine and related symptoms, such as nausea.


Question: What is cyclic vomiting syndrome and how is it related to a migraine?

Answer: It causes people, usually children, to have periods of nausea and vomiting that can last anywhere from hours to days. The condition isn't a type of migraine, but the two seem to be connected. Many kids who have cyclic vomiting syndrome go on to have migraine as adults.


Question: How does migraine with or without aura cause nausea?

Answer: Certain conditions associated with migraine are more likely to cause nausea or vomiting than others. These include: Migraine with or without aura. Those without aura cause severe head pain, sensitivity to light, and nausea. People who have migraines with aura typically have warning symptoms 20 minutes to 1 hour before the headache begins, like nausea, vision problems, and dizziness.


Question: Do migraines cause stomach pain?

Answer: Many who have migraine headaches often have stomach problems at the same time. In fact, 8 out of every 10 people in the U. S. with these headaches say they get nausea along with them.


Question: What are complementary treatments for migraines with nausea?

Answer: Some evidence shows that biofeedback and acupuncture may help ease migraine and related symptoms, such as nausea.


Question: How are migraine headaches and nausea related?

Answer: One theory involves a brain chemical called serotonin. Scientists think migraines happen when certain nerves in the brain signal blood vessels on the brain's surface to enlarge. What else makes them swell? Low levels of serotonin, which are also linked to motion sickness and nausea. It's possible that people with low levels of serotonin may be more likely to have migraines. It may also be due to certain nerve pathways (vagus and glossopharyngeal) and brain pathways that excite an area in the brainstem that activates the vomiting center.


Question: How do you know what's causing your headache and nausea?

Answer: Whatever type you have, talk to your doctor about your symptoms. She can figure out the cause and the best treatment to help you.


Question: How can lifestyle changes treat migraines with nausea?

Answer: A number of things can ease migraine with nausea. They include: Lifestyle changes. Stress is a common trigger for nauseating migraine headaches. Find ways to cut it, and your attacks could get less severe and happen less often. What else helps? Quit smoking, and keep a diary to identify any foods that trigger your headaches.


Question: What medications can help treat migraines with nausea?

Answer: Your doctor might prescribe drugs to prevent migraine headaches, to stop them once they've started, and to relieve your symptoms. You can also take anti-nausea medications during your headache. They come in different forms, like pills, suppositories, syrups, and shots. They have a number of side effects, so work with your doctor to find one that works for you.


Question: Does an abdominal migraine cause nausea?

Answer: In rare cases, children have migraines that cause stomach pain instead of a headache. Those can make them feel nauseated or vomit.


Question: How can meningitis cause nausea and a headache?

Answer: A severe headache that causes nausea and extreme sensitivity to light may sound like a migraine. But if you also have a stiff neck, with or without a fever, it could be meningitis, which requires emergency evaluation and treatment.


Question: What type of headaches are most likely to cause nausea?

Answer: A migraine is the type of headache most likely to make you nauseated. But other causes of head pain can make your stomach upset, too. Whatever type you have, talk to your doctor about your symptoms. She can figure out the cause and the best treatment to help you.


Question: Who is more likely to get nausea with a migraine?

Answer: Low levels of serotonin, which are also linked to motion sickness and nausea.


Question: Who is most likely to get nausea with a migraine?

Answer: Some folks are more likely to get nausea with a migraine, like women and people who are prone to motion sickness.


Question: How does cyclic vomiting syndrome cause nausea?

Answer: It causes people, usually children, to have periods of nausea and vomiting that can last anywhere from hours to days. The condition isn't a type of migraine, but the two seem to be connected. Many kids who have cyclic vomiting syndrome go on to have migraine as adults.


Question: How can meningitis cause nausea?

Answer: A severe headache that causes nausea and extreme sensitivity to light may sound like a migraine. But if you also have a stiff neck, with or without a fever, it could be meningitis, which requires emergency evaluation and treatment.


Question: How do hormones help with endometriosis?

Answer: Hormonal therapy is used to minimize the amount of estrogen your body creates, and to prevent your menstrual period. This helps lesions bleed less, which decreases inflammation, scarring, and cyst formation. Common hormones prescribed include: Birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( Gn- RH) agonists and antagonists (elagolix sodium/ Orilissa, leuprolide/ Lupron and Synarel) Progestin-only contraceptives.


Question: What are symptoms of endometriosis?

Answer: Many times, endometriosis has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include: Abdominal cramps or back pain during menstruation Severe menstrual cramps Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation Abnormal or heavy bleeding during periods Painful sex Difficulty becoming pregnant Doctors don't know exactly what causes endometriosis.


Question: How do you treat endometriosis?

Answer: There are several things she can do to determine if you have endometriosis, including: Pelvic exam and history Ultrasound exam MRI Laparoscopy Biopsy There is no known cure for endometriosis. Treatments usually include surgery or medication to manage symptoms.


Question: How do you diagnose endometriosis?

Answer: If you have any symptoms of endometriosis or are having difficulty becoming pregnant, contact your gynecologist. There are several things she can do to determine if you have endometriosis, including: Pelvic exam and history Ultrasound exam MRI Laparoscopy Biopsy There is no known cure for endometriosis.


Question: What causes endometriosis?

Answer: When symptoms are present, they may include: Abdominal cramps or back pain during menstruation Severe menstrual cramps Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation Abnormal or heavy bleeding during periods Painful sex Difficulty becoming pregnant Doctors don't know exactly what causes endometriosis. Some experts think that menstrual blood with endometrial cells travels back through the fallopian tubes and passes out into the pelvic cavity where the cells stick to the organs. This is known as retrograde menstruation. Genetics may also play a role in whether you get endometriosis. If your mom or sister have it, you're more likely to get it, also. And research shows that when there is a hereditary link, the disease seems to be worse in the next generation. Some women with endometriosis also have immune system disorders. But doctors aren't sure whether this is a cause or an effect of the endometriosis.


Question: What eye problems does juvenile arthritis cause?

Answer: A child who has juvenile arthritis may develop problems with her eyes. The problems may be caused by the disease or by medications the child takes for the disease. The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea. Doctors call this condition âuveitis.â If it affects specific parts of the uvea, it may also be called iritis or iridocyclitis.


Question: What's the treatment for eye problems linked to juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Your rheumatologist and ophthalmologist will work with you on this. If your child has uveitis, she might need prescription eyedrops. Some of these eyedrops dilate the eyes in order to keep the pupils open and help to prevent scars. Your child might also be prescribed steroid eyedrops. For example, your child might use cortisone drops to curb swelling and lower inflammation. Long-term use of steroid eyedrops can have serious side effects, including glaucoma and cataracts. If eyedrops don't lower inflammation enough, your child might need to take anti-inflammatory pills. To avoid long-term side effects of steroid medications, your child might also get a drug such as methotrexate, which they would take by mouth or as a shot. Severe cases of uveitis may need different kinds of drugs that treat immune system conditions.


Question: Should I take my child to a rheumatologist?

Answer: In order to find eye problems early and prevent them from causing damage, your rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in treating arthritis) will schedule frequent appointments with a pediatric ophthalmologist. That's a medical doctor who specializes in children's eye diseases.


Question: How often should my child have eye exams?

Answer: That depends on what type of juvenile arthritis she has, how long she has had it, and what medications she takes. Ask your rheumatologist for the schedule.


Question: How can I tell if my child is developing problems related to juvenile arthritis?

Answer: Eye inflammation may not be painful. And the eyes are not usually as red as they are in conjunctivitis. So many children with juvenile arthritis who develop eye problems may not have any obvious symptoms. It's rare, but a child might complain of blurred vision or of light bothering her eyes. Sometimes, a child's eyes might look red or cloudy. But these types of symptoms usually develop so slowly that permanent eye damage can happen before she notices any trouble with seeing.


Question: Will my doctor give my child a visual field test to check for juvenile arthritis?

Answer: The doctor might also give your child a âvisual fieldâ test to check for any vision changes. This type of exam measures peripheral vision, meaning how far your child can see to the side when she focuses her gaze on a central point. You should carefully follow the medicine guidelines that your child's doctor provided. Keep all appointments with the rheumatologist and the ophthalmologist.


Question: What will happen during my child's appointment with an ophthalmologist?

Answer: Tell the ophthalmologist about the medicines that your child takes. You can get the names of the medicines, the dosages, and the reasons they have been prescribed from your rheumatologist. During the eye exam, the ophthalmologist will put drops in your child's eyes to make the pupils dilate. The drops may burn a little, but it helps the doctor get a clear view inside the eyes.


Question: Can uveitis start before a child gets diagnosed with juvenile arthritis?

Answer: It can also cause vision problems, such as: Glaucoma, a condition that causes high pressure in the eye Cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the eye Permanent vision damage, including blindness Uveitis can start up to 1 year before your child gets a diagnosis of juvenile arthritis. Or it could happen at the same time, or years later. It can even happen years after juvenile arthritis is in remission, which means that the disease is not active.


Question: When should you call your doctor about a hemorrhoidectomy?

Answer: Call your doctor right away if you: Are bleeding a lot Can't pee or poop Have a fever


Question: What is a hemorrhoidectomy?

Answer: Surgery to remove hemorrhoids is called hemorrhoidectomy. The doctor makes small cuts around the anus to slice them away. You may get local anesthesia (the area being operated on is numb, and you're awake though relaxed) or general anesthesia (you're put to sleep). Hemorrhoidectomy is often an outpatient procedure, and you can usually go home the same day.


Question: How can you prevent appendicitis?

Answer: There is no way to prevent appendicitis. However, appendicitis may be less common in people who eat foods high in fiber, such as fresh fruits and vegetables.


Question: What is an interval appendectomy?

Answer: If your doctor suspects appendicitis, he or she will likely quickly remove the appendix to avoid its rupture. If the appendix has formed an abscess, you may have two procedures, one to do a CT-guided drainage of the pus and fluid, and a second one to remove the appendix eight to 12 weeks later. This delayed surgery is called an interval appendectomy.


Question: What are the treatments for appendicitis?

Answer: This delayed surgery is called an interval appendectomy.


Question: Which conditions have similar symptoms with appendicitis?

Answer: Diagnosing appendicitis can be tricky: Time is critical, yet symptoms are frequently vague or extremely similar to other, less urgent ailments, such as bladder infection, colitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, gastroenteritis, and ovary problems.


Question: What is an ankle sprain or ankle injury?

Answer: An unnatural twisting motion can happen when the foot is planted awkwardly, when the ground is uneven, or when an unusual amount of force is applied to the joint. Such injuries to the ligaments or tendons of the ankle happen during athletic events, while running or walking, or even doing something as simple as getting out of bed. Ankle injuries can be painful and can make it hard to carry out your daily activities. Ligaments, which provide the connection between the bones of the ankle, are injured when more than normal stretching force is applied to them.


Question: When do I need follow-up care for an ankle sprain?

Answer: Follow-up for ankle sprains is needed only if the ankle is not healing well. This could indicate there is a previously undetected fracture or torn ligaments. Go to a doctor for follow-up care if either of the following is true. Your ankle continues to hurt after 2 weeks Any swelling persists or worsens Ankle sprain prevention can be as simple as wearing the right shoes or as complicated as balance training for athletes.


Question: Will anti-inflammatories help a sprained ankle?

Answer: Anti-inflammatory pain medications will reduce the pain and combat the swelling. Several are available over-the-counter, such as ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) and naproxen ( Aleve). But check with your doctor first if you have any medical problems or take any other medicines.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before starting a gluten-free diet to help treat my psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before you start this diet. They may test your blood to see if you're allergic to gluten.


Question: Who is at risk for rosacea?

Answer: People who have fair skin and who tend to blush easily may be at a higher risk for the disorder. Rosacea appears more often among women, but men tend to have the more severe symptoms. A possible reason for this could be that men generally delay medical treatment until rosacea becomes advanced.


Question: How can medications help treat rosacea?

Answer: Sometimes, doctors prescribe oral and topical medications to treat the disorder's associated bumps, pimples, and redness. Medications can bring the condition under control and keep it in remission (the disappearance of signs and symptoms).


Question: How should you take stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms. If it doesn't, you may need to increase the dose slowly or try something else. Many of these medications come in both short- and long-acting forms. Short-acting drugs wear off after about 4 hours. You take them 1 or 2 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release drugs can last 8 to 12 hours, and you take them once a day. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication.


Question: How much ADHD medication is prescribed for adults at first?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms. If it doesn't, you may need to increase the dose slowly or try something else.


Question: How often should ADHD medication for adults be taken?

Answer: Many of these medications come in both short- and long-acting forms. Short-acting drugs wear off after about 4 hours. You take them 1 or 2 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release drugs can last 8 to 12 hours, and you take them once a day. Talk with your doctor to decide which works best for your routine, and to figure out the best time of day to take your medication.


Question: How are stimulants used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Most people who get ADHD treatment take these prescription meds. They might help you pay attention longer and help your brain send and receive signals so you can think more clearly. They can keep you from acting on impulse, too.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD non-stimulant medications in adults?

Answer: Nonstimulants might take a few weeks to start working, and you might have side effects like heartburn, constipation, and low sex drive. These might go away over time.


Question: How do medication and therapy treat different adult ADHD symptoms?

Answer: Medicine can help get your symptoms under control by changing the way your brain works. And counseling can give you skills to manage your day-to-day life.


Question: Outside of medication, how can I treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Your doctor can refer you to a counselor or therapist who can help you tackle the everyday problems that the disorder can bring.


Question: Who shouldn't take stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: You shouldn't take stimulants if you have health problems like heart disease, glaucoma, or a history of alcohol or drug abuse. If you take an antidepressant, you should talk to your doctor before you take a stimulant, too.


Question: How do stimulant medications help with adult ADHD?

Answer: Most people who get ADHD treatment take these prescription meds. They might help you pay attention longer and help your brain send and receive signals so you can think more clearly. They can keep you from acting on impulse, too.


Question: What can I do on my own to help with ADHD as an adult?

Answer: There are things you can do on your own, too. Eat healthy foods. Get regular exercise. Get plenty of sleep. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga. Also, think about joining a support group to connect with other adults who are living with ADHD.


Question: How can counseling help with adult ADHD?

Answer: Counseling is another important part of ADHD treatment. Your doctor can refer you to a counselor or therapist who can help you tackle the everyday problems that the disorder can bring.


Question: Can blood pressure drugs help adult ADHD?

Answer: If you can't take other ADHD meds, your doctor might prescribe one of two blood pressure drugs: clonidine ( Kapvay) or guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex). These medications can help you manage symptoms like impulsivity and hyperactivity.


Question: Which stimulant medications are used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms.


Question: What are the side effects of blood pressure drugs used for adult ADHD?

Answer: The side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness.


Question: Can any adult take a stimulant once diagnosed with ADHD?

Answer: You shouldn't take stimulants if you have health problems like heart disease, glaucoma, or a history of alcohol or drug abuse. If you take an antidepressant, you should talk to your doctor before you take a stimulant, too.


Question: What stimulants are used to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants your doctor might prescribe include: Amphetamine-based medicine ( Adzenys, Dexedrine, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Pro Centra, Vyvanse, Zenzedi) Methylphenidate-based medicine ( Aptensio, Concerta, Cotempla, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quilli Chew, Quillivant, Ritalin) Mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine ( Mydayis) Once you agree on a medication, your doctor will probably prescribe a low dose and see if it helps your symptoms.


Question: What can you do to treat adult ADHD?

Answer: Get regular exercise. Get plenty of sleep. Find ways to manage your stress, like meditation or yoga. Also, think about joining a support group to connect with other adults who are living with ADHD.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD stimulants in adults?

Answer: Stimulants can cause side effects like dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, and headaches. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. Some side effects go away on their own after a few days or weeks. Some don't, but you may find the benefits of the medicine are worth dealing with the side effects. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug. Don't stop taking any medication suddenly without telling your doctor.


Question: Is it normal for symptoms of adult ADHD to return with treatment over time?

Answer: Over time, your symptoms may change, and treatments that worked at first might stop working. Your doctor and counselor will help you work through these changes by tweaking your treatment plan.


Question: What are the side effects of stimulant medications for adult ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants can cause side effects like dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, and headaches. If you get your medicine through patches on your skin ( Daytrana), they may change the color of your skin in that area. Some side effects go away on their own after a few days or weeks. Some don't, but you may find the benefits of the medicine are worth dealing with the side effects. If the side effects bother you, your doctor might change your dose or suggest another drug.


Question: When should I call my doctor about my warts?

Answer: Over-the-counter remedies don't work You are a woman and develop genital warts, which in rare cases can be associated with cervical cancer You are older than age 60 and discover what looks like a wart. It may instead be a symptom of a more serious skin condition, such as skin cancer Warts multiply and spread, causing embarrassment or discomfort You notice a change in a wart's color or size; this could indicate that the lesion is not a wart but a skin cancer.


Question: What are filiform warts?

Answer: Filiform warts are thin and thread-like. They commonly appear on the face and neck.


Question: What are flat warts?

Answer: Flat warts appear in groups of up to several hundred, usually on the face, neck, chest, knees, hands, wrists, or forearms. They are slightly raised and have smooth, flat, or rounded tops.


Question: What are common warts?

Answer: Here are some ways to recognize common warts: Common warts are small, hard, rough lumps that are round and elevated. They usually appear on hands and fingers and may be flesh-colored, white, or pink.


Question: What are tips for your attitude, exercise, and diet to help to manage stress?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you keep stress at bay. Keep a positive attitude. Accept that there are events that you cannot control. Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, defensive, or passive. Learn and practice relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, or tai-chi for stress management. Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better when it is fit. Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.


Question: What is acute and chronic sinusitis?

Answer: Acute sinusitis lasts up to 4 weeks. Chronic sinusitis lasts at least several weeks and can linger for years. Its cause can be hard to pin down -- and hard to treat. Sinusitis might start because of a cold or allergies. Fungus can cause it for people who have weak immune systems. Sometimes, chronic sinusitis is due to problems with the structure of the nasal passages, or a growth such as a nasal polyp that keeps the sinuses from draining normally. Acute and chronic sinusitis have similar symptoms: Facial pressure and pain Thick discolored mucus Congestion The key is to figure out the cause.


Question: What is atypical depression?

Answer: This type is different than the persistent sadness of typical depression. It is considered to be a "specifier" that describes a pattern of depressive symptoms. If you have atypical depression, a positive event can temporarily improve your mood.


Question: How is psychotic depression treated?

Answer: People with psychotic depression have the symptoms of major depression along with "psychotic" symptoms, such as: Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) Delusions (false beliefs) Paranoia (wrongly believing that others are trying to harm you) A combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs can treat psychotic depression. ECT may also be an option.


Question: What is major depression?

Answer: You may hear your doctor call this "major depressive disorder." You might have this type if you feel depressed most of the time for most days of the week. Some other symptoms you might have are: Loss of interest or pleasure in your activities Weight loss or gain Trouble getting to sleep or feeling sleepy during the day Feelings restless and agitated, or else very sluggish and slowed down physically or mentally Being tired and without energy Feeling worthless or guilty Trouble concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of suicide Your doctor might diagnose you with major depression if you have five or more of these symptoms on most days for 2 weeks or longer.


Question: What is 'situational' depression?

Answer: But you can have a depressed mood when you're having trouble managing a stressful event in your life, such as a death in your family, a divorce, or losing your job. Your doctor may call this "stress response syndrome."


Question: How is situational depression treated?

Answer: Psychotherapy can often help you get through a period of depression that's related to a stressful situation.


Question: How is seasonal affective disorder treated?

Answer: If you have SAD, antidepressants can help. So can light therapy. You'll need to sit in front of a special bright light box for about 15-30 minutes each day.


Question: How is bipolar disorder treated?

Answer: Medication can help bring your mood swings under control. Whether you're in a high or a low period, your doctor may suggest a mood stabilizer, such as lithium. The FDA has approved three medicines to treat the depressed phase: Seroquel Latuda Olanzapine-fluoxetine combination Doctors sometimes prescribe other drugs "off label" for bipolar depression, such as the anticonvulsant lamotrigine or the atypical antipsychotic Vraylar .


Question: What are some other treatment options for major depression?

Answer: When therapy and medication aren't working, two other options your doctor may suggest are: Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r TMS) ECT uses electrical pulses and r TMS uses a special kind of magnet to stimulate certain areas of brain activity. This helps the parts of your brain that control your mood work better.


Question: How is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) treated?

Answer: Besides feeling depressed, you may also have: Mood swings Irritability Anxiety Trouble concentrating Fatigue Change in appetite or sleep habits Feelings of being overwhelmed Antidepressant medication or sometimes oral contraceptives can treat PMDD.


Question: What are the symptoms of psychotic depression?

Answer: People with psychotic depression have the symptoms of major depression along with "psychotic" symptoms, such as: Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) Delusions (false beliefs) Paranoia (wrongly believing that others are trying to harm you) A combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs can treat psychotic depression.


Question: What are the symptoms of persistent depressive disorder?

Answer: You may have symptoms such as: Change in your appetite (not eating enough or overeating) Sleep too much or too little Lack of energy, or fatigue Low self-esteem Trouble concentrating or making decisions Feel hopeless You may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two.


Question: What is bipolar disorder and what are the symptoms?

Answer: Someone with bipolar disorder, which is also sometimes called "manic depression," has mood episodes that range from extremes of high energy with an "up" mood to low "depressive" periods. When you're in the low phase, you'll have the symptoms of major depression.


Question: What is peripartum depression?

Answer: Women who have major depression in the weeks and months after childbirth may have peripartum depression. Antidepressant drugs can help similarly to treating major depression that is unrelated to childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

Answer: Women with PMDD have depression and other symptoms at the start of their period. Besides feeling depressed, you may also have: Mood swings Irritability Anxiety Trouble concentrating Fatigue Change in appetite or sleep habits Feelings of being overwhelmed Antidepressant medication or sometimes oral contraceptives can treat PMDD.


Question: What can you do on your own to treat depression?

Answer: No matter what your treatment includes, your doctor may also suggest you do some things your own, such get more exercise, eat better, and lose weight. All of these can help your mood. It's also important that you get enough sleep. If you're having problems sleeping, let your doctor know. It may also help to cut back on caffeine and alcohol. Your doctor may also suggest you join a support group. They can put you in touch with people who are facing the same thing. They may be able to offer you advice and fellowship when you hit a rough patch.


Question: How long does psychotherapy treatment for depression last?

Answer: While your medications take time to work, a mental health professional can: Show you how your thoughts, emotions, and behavior affect your condition Help you manage stress Offer ways to improve your dealings with other people Help you spot early signs of a problem and get help Help you confront and overcome fears that aren't helping you This type of therapy can take months or more than a year, depending on how serious your depression is. But some patients feel better in a matter of weeks. You and your therapist will decide when you've made enough progress to stop. You may need to try a few different therapists to find one you are comfortable sharing your feelings with.


Question: What is adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID)?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. ADA- SCID is a serious disease that usually shows up early in life. Treatments can help, though, and people who get treatment before an infection happens can live long, healthy lives.


Question: How do I pay for weight loss surgery?

Answer: Contact your insurance company to ask what it covers and what it requires. Many insurance companies want to know what you've done to try to lose weight before surgery. Paying for weight loss surgery yourself is very expensive. A typical weight loss operation can run from $15,000 to $25,000 on average. There may be financing options; check the terms carefully so you know what you're getting into.


Question: Should I go to the doctor if my congestion and headache aren't going away?

Answer: Colds and allergies that block your nose with mucus can lead to a sinus infection. If your cold medicine doesn't give you relief, see your doctor for more treatment.


Question: Should I go to the doctor if my cough isn't going away?

Answer: If it doesn't go away, it's likely due to postnasal drip -- mucus that moves from your nose into your throat. It can be treated with antihistamines. But it could also be related to asthma or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Your doctor can tell you what to do for it. A lasting, severe cough is also the main symptom of whooping cough, a disease that's become more common in many parts of the U. S. So, if you've been hacking away for more than 2-3 weeks, your doctor may give you a test to see if you've got it.


Question: Should I go to the doctor if I can't eat or drink without vomiting?

Answer: If you can't drink anything without vomiting, you may need to go to your doctor's office or the hospital to get fluids through an IV.


Question: Should I go to the doctor if my sore throat makes it hard to swallow?

Answer: Although a sore throat can make it hurt a little to swallow, severe pain can be a sign of an infection or injury that needs to be treated by a doctor.


Question: What are treatment options for tinea versicolor?

Answer: Anti-fungal pills. These may be used to treat more serious or recurrent cases of tinea versicolor. Or in some cases they may be used because they can provide a simpler and quicker resolution of the infection. These medicines are given by prescription and can have side effects. So it's important to be monitored by your doctor while using anti-fungal pills.


Question: What are the symptoms of tinea versicolor?

Answer: These can be individual spots or patches. Specific signs and symptoms of the infection include: Patches that may be white, pink, red, or brown and can be lighter or darker than the skin around them. Spots that do not tan the way the rest of your skin does. Spots that may occur anywhere on your body but are most commonly seen on your neck, chest, back, and arms.


Question: How is tinea versicolor diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor can diagnose tinea versicolor by what the rash looks like. Occasionally, the doctor may use ultraviolet light, which will make the affected areas appear a fluorescent yellow-green if they're the result of tinea versicolor. Your doctor may also take a skin sample by scraping some skin and scales from the affected area to look at under a microscope.


Question: What can lead to tinea versicolor?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The infection can happen for any of the following reasons: You have oily skin You live in a hot climate You sweat a lot You have a weakened immune system Because the yeast grows naturally on your skin, tinea versicolor is not contagious.


Question: Will tinea versicolor come back?

Answer: Recurrent episodes are very common because the yeast that causes the infection is a normal fungus that lives on skin. Medicated cleansers may be used one or two times a month to help prevent tinea versicolor from coming back. You may need to use these cleansers if the infection keeps returning, especially if you live in a warm and humid area.


Question: What can raise the risk of thrombophlebitis?

Answer: Clots lodged in veins near the surface of the skin often go away on their own in a week or two.


Question: How do doctors treat severe thrombophlebitis?

Answer: If your thrombophlebitis is more severe, your doctor may give you a blood thinner like heparin or fondaparinux ( Arixtra). You can get some of these medications in the hospital through an IV. You can give others to yourself through shots under your skin at home. They help keep the clot from getting bigger. You may also have to take an oral drug like w arfarin ( Coumadin) for several months or longer to keep clots from coming back. Your doctor will give you regular blood tests to make sure the meds are working.


Question: How do blood thinners treat severe thrombophlebitis?

Answer: A number of newer blood thinners, like direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors, are also available. But doctors don't normally recommend them as the first-line treatment for thrombophlebitis. That's because they cost more and may cause uncontrollable bleeding. They include apixaban ( Eliquis), dabigatran ( Pradaxa), edoxaban ( Savaysa), and rivaroxaban ( Xarelto).


Question: When would someone with thrombophlebitis need surgery?

Answer: If there's a high risk of tissue damage, or if your clot comes back, you may need surgery after the inflammation improves. In the event you have a clot in a deep vein in your leg, your doctor might recommend an inferior vena cava ( IVC) filter. The vena cava is the main vein in your abdomen. The IVC filter prevents clots in your legs from breaking loose and traveling to your lungs.


Question: How is thrombophlebitis treated?

Answer: It depends on how bad it is. Clots lodged in veins near the surface of the skin often go away on their own in a week or two. But if you do need treatment, your doctor will probably give you something to relieve swelling and pain. He may recommend you elevate your leg or take over-the-counter aspirin or ibuprofen. He might also suggest you apply heat to the affected leg for 15 to 30 minutes two to three times daily.


Question: How are serious cases of thrombophlebitis treated?

Answer: Serious cases of thrombophlebitis may require treatment with antibiotics. These kill infections caused by poor circulation.


Question: How can you avoid skin reactions from beauty products?

Answer: Do a patch test before using any product. Place a small amount on the inside of your elbow and wait 48 hours to 72 hours. If you have redness, swelling, itching, or burning, don't use that product. Always apply fragrance to your clothes, not your skin. This can help reduce the risk of reaction to the fragrance. It can also reduce the risk of the fragrance interacting with ingredients in other products and causing a skin reaction. Just because a label says something is "hypoallergenic," "dermatologist tested," "sensitivity tested," or "non-irritating," that's no guarantee that the products will be kind to your skin. Some companies do the testing, others don't. There are no rules about how these terms can be used on a label.