Question: What are the side effects of using vacuum constriction devices to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: An erection obtained by the vacuum constriction device is not the same as an erection achieved naturally. The penis tends to be purplish in color and can be cold or numb. Other side effects can include: A black and blue mark or small area of bruising on the shaft of the penis. This is usually painless and generally will resolve in a few days. Decrease in the force of ejaculation. The constriction band traps the ejaculate or semen at the time of orgasm. This is not dangerous and usually does not cause pain. The semen will usually dribble out once the constriction band is removed. Generally, this does not interfere with the pleasure of a climax or orgasm.


Question: How do I use a vacuum constriction device to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Pump the air out of the cylinder so that a vacuum is created. The vacuum draws blood into the shaft of the penis and causes it to swell and become erect. Once the penis is erect, with the help of lubricant, slide the retaining band down onto the lower end of the penis. Remove the pump after releasing the vacuum. Intercourse can be attempted with the constriction band in place to help maintain the erection.


Question: How well do vacuum constriction devices work?

Answer: Studies suggest that about 50%-80% of men are satisfied with the results of VCDs. As with any other method of treatment for erectile dysfunction ( ED), satisfaction rates may decrease with time.


Question: Who should not use a vacuum constriction device to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Vacuum constriction devices are safe and can be used by patients with ED caused by many conditions, including: Poor blood flow to the penis Diabetes Surgery for prostate or colon cancer Psychological issues such as anxiety or depression Vacuum constriction devices should not be used by men who may have a significant congenital bleeding disorder or a disorder that predisposes them to a condition called priapism (a prolonged, sometime painful erection lasting over several hours). Examples include sickle cell anemia, some forms of leukemia, and other blood conditions. Vacuum constriction devices may be difficult to use in obese men because of fatty tissue in the lower abdomen. It's important to get a good seal against the skin.


Question: What is a vacuum constriction device?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The VCD consists of an acrylic cylinder with a pump that may be attached directly to the end of the penis. A constriction ring or band is placed on the cylinder at the other end, which is applied to the body. The cylinder and pump are used to create a vacuum to help the penis become erect; the band or constriction ring is used to help maintain the erection. An erection obtained by the vacuum constriction device is not the same as an erection achieved naturally.


Question: How much does a vacuum constriction device cost?

Answer: Vacuum constriction devices may be difficult to use in obese men because of fatty tissue in the lower abdomen. The battery-powered versions tend to be more expensive, but also tend to work a little more quickly. Battery-powered devices are especially helpful for men who do not have good hand strength or coordination or who have arthritis. There are several devices currently on the market that work effectively. Some of these devices can be obtained without a prescription.


Question: How should I protect my lips when I'm outside to prevent chapped lips?

Answer: Protect your lips when you're outside. You cover your hands and feet when the temperature drops; do the same for your lips. Wear a scarf or a ski mask that covers your mouth when you go out in the cold.


Question: What should I avoid doing if I have chapped lips?

Answer: So if you don't take care of them, you'll pay the price. Don't peel or bite flaky skin. The skin on your lips is thin and delicate. Picking at it can cause it to bleed and hurt, slow the healing process, and cause more irritation. Don't exfoliate. It can cause further damage to chapped lips. Instead, apply plenty of balm or ointment and turn on the humidifier. Listen to your lips.


Question: What are other problems in children with ADHD?

Answer: For children with ADHD, academic difficulties are common. Other problems among children include: Learning disabilities; data from the 1997-98 National Health Interview Survey suggests roughly half of children ages 6-11 may also have a learning disorder. Conduct and oppositional defiant disorder which manifest as disruptive or even criminal behavior Depression and anxiety Relationship problems with peers; estimates are as high as 21% of the number of children with ADHD (versus 2% of children without ADHD) whose behavior interferes with friendships.


Question: What should you know about conditions similar to ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD.


Question: What medical conditions can occur with ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD. In fact, it has been estimated that nearly 75% of adults with ADHD have another condition that complicates the diagnosis and management of the ADHD. For example, some studies have shown: Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, exist in 19% to 37% of adults with ADHD. Anxiety problems exist in 25% to 50% of adults with ADHD. Alcohol abuse exists in 32% to 53% of adults with ADHD. Other types of substance abuse, including marijuana and cocaine use, occur in 8% to 32% of adults with ADHD. Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia.


Question: What other conditions can cause problems similar to ADHD?

Answer: Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD.


Question: What medical conditions often occur along with ADHD?

Answer: Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia.


Question: How does warfarin (Coumadin) treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Warfarin ( Coumadin) thins your blood to keep clots from building up, which can make PAH worse. But it can also make you bruise and bleed easily.


Question: How does oxygen therapy treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: You breathe it through a face mask or prongs that fit in your nose. It's especially helpful for people who also have sleep apnea or who live at high altitudes. Some people with PAH eventually need oxygen therapy around the clock.


Question: How do calcium channel blockers treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: These work in a few ways. Some let blood flow more easily through the arteries in your lungs, and others help your heart and lungs work better. You can take them as pills, medicines that you breathe in, or drugs you get through an IV. Calcium channel blockers are drugs that lower your blood pressure by relaxing the muscles that control the arteries. Before your doctor prescribes these pills, she'll see how well they work on your blood vessels during a procedure called a vasodilator test. If it seems that they can help you, you'll take your first doses in the hospital so your care team can figure out a safe dose.


Question: How does atrial septostomy treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: If you have severe PAH or medications don't help your symptoms, your doctor may recommend one of two types of operations: Atrial septostomy: A surgeon makes an opening between the upper chambers of the left and right sides of your heart to lower the pressure on one side. This procedure can have serious side effects, so doctors don't often recommend it.


Question: How do diuretics treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Medicines that keep excess fluid out of the body, called diuretics, can make the heart and lungs work better and ease the symptoms of PAH. You usually take these pills once or twice a day. You may need regular blood tests if you take diuretics to prevent dehydration, low blood pressure, chemical imbalances in the blood, and kidney problems.


Question: How does digoxin treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Digoxin is a daily pill that helps the heart beat more strongly, which can help if the cause of your PAH is heart failure or an irregular heart rhythm. The challenge of this drug is to get the right dose. If you have too much, you could have side effects like nausea, changes in vision, and irregular heartbeats.


Question: Should I get a lung and heart transplant for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: Lung and heart transplants: Doctors recommend them for people who have tried drugs to treat their disease without success and whose condition is getting worse. The people who get lung or heart-lung transplants most often are those who have a severe lung disease that's causing their PAH. A transplant can improve your life, but it's serious surgery. It can take several months to recover completely. Though you may not need PAH medications, you'll need to take drugs to keep your body from rejecting the new organs, probably for the rest of your life. You'll want to talk to your doctor about the balance of benefits and risks before you go ahead with this treatment.


Question: How do vasodilators treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

Answer: You can take them as pills, medicines that you breathe in, or drugs you get through an IV. These include: Ambrisentan ( Letairis) Bosentan ( Tracleer) Macitentan ( Opsumit) Sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra) Tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis) Drugs called vasodilators open up blood vessels, but some have an effect on the body for only a few minutes. To take the most common one, epoprostenol ( Flolan, Veletri), you need a small battery-powered pump so you can get a steady dose. They go straight to your lungs and can quickly relieve shortness of breath.


Question: What causes ptosis?

Answer: You can get it several ways. Sometimes, babies are born with it. You could get ptosis as an adult when the nerves that control your eyelid muscles are damaged. It might follow an injury or disease that weakens the muscles and ligaments that raise your eyelids. Sometimes, it comes with age. The skin and muscles around your eyes get weaker. Surgery -- like LASIK or cataract surgery -- can stretch your eyelid. An eye tumor can cause ptosis, too.


Question: How do I manage ptosis?

Answer: Ptosis can cause problems when you drive, read, or even walk up and down stairs. If that happens, go to your doctor. Treat any other eye issues that could cause more problems. Think about surgery if your doctor suggests it for vision loss caused by ptosis.


Question: How is ptosis treated?

Answer: You may have to tip your head back and lift your chin to see better. Surgery -- like LASIK or cataract surgery -- can stretch your eyelid. If it doesn't affect your vision, your doctor may decide not to treat it. Often, doctors won't treat children with ptosis. Your child's doctor will check his eyes regularly. For adults, treatment usually does mean surgery. Your doctor may remove extra skin and tuck the muscle that lifts the lid.


Question: How are urine tests used to diagnose kidney stones?

Answer: Urine tests: These can detect stone-forming minerals in your pee or find out if you lack substances that help stop them from forming. You might collect a urine sample over the course of a day or two.


Question: How are imaging tests used to diagnose kidney stones?

Answer: There are several ways your doctor can test for kidney stones. They include: Imaging tests: Doctors have various ways of taking a peek inside your body to see what's going on. They might try: X-rays. They can find some stones, but little ones might not show up. CT scans. A more in-depth type of scan is called computed tomography, or CT scan. A CT scan is a special kind of X-ray. The equipment takes pictures from several angles. A computer then puts all the X-rays, called âslices,â together into more detailed images than standard X-rays can give you. A CT scan is often used in emergencies, because it gives such clear and quick images to help doctors make a fast diagnosis. Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to create pictures of your insides. A medication called tamsulosin ( Flomax) relaxes the ureter to help pass the stone. You might need sound wave therapy or surgery for stones too large to pass or those causing damage.


Question: What is actinic cheilitis?

Answer: See a doctor if you have severe pain or a fever of 101 F or higher for longer than 48 hours. Actinic keratoses are scaly, rough patches of skin or raised bumps that look like warts or horns.


Question: What are the signs of sun damage?

Answer: Spots, blotches, and wrinkles that show up over time are really signs of the sun's damage to your skin. So is a suntan. The sun's beams bring out a chemical in your body associated with melanin, which darkens your skin, part of an effort to protect it. Here are some of the most common signs of sun damage: Sunburns may last only a few days, but they add up to skin problems later in life. Keep an eye on these spots, and tell your doctor if you notice changes in texture, a raised surface, more than one color within the spot, sudden darkening, or an oddly shaped border.


Question: What is childbirth like if you have HPV?

Answer: The risk of HPV transmission to the baby during childbirth is very low. Even if babies do get the HPV virus, their bodies usually clear the virus on their own. Most of the time, a baby born to a woman with genital warts does not have HPV-related complications. In very rare cases, a baby born to a woman who has genital warts will develop warts in the throat. This serious condition is called respiratory papillomatosis and requires frequent laser surgery to prevent the warts from blocking the baby's breathing passages. And even if the mother has a type of HPV virus that has caused cervical cancer, the baby can be delivered safely.


Question: How can you manage HPV after childbirth?

Answer: If a Pap test was abnormal during pregnancy, the doctor will likely do another Pap test a few weeks after childbirth. Sometimes, the cervical cell changes go away after childbirth and no treatment is needed. Sometimes, genital warts also go away. If not, the doctor may recommend treatment after childbirth.


Question: Can I manage my blood sugar if I am diagnosed with diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor can teach you how to keep track of it and show you what to do to avoid highs and lows.


Question: Who should I go to for information after being diagnosed with diabetes?

Answer: Ask questions and learn as much as you can about: Changes you can make to take care of yourself Medical treatments you need Start with your doctor. They can put you in touch with experts that can give you answers, like: Diabetes educators Dietitians Other specialists Talk to your friends and family members who have diabetes.


Question: What are diabetes ABCs and what is their role in treatment?

Answer: Diabetes makes you more likely to get conditions that may affect your eyes, nerves, heart, teeth, and other body parts. So you want to watch your diabetes ABCs. " A" stands for A1c. This test measures your average blood sugar over the past 2 or 3 months. Your goal is to keep your score around 7% or less without risking low blood sugar. " B" stands for blood pressure. If you have diabetes, you're more likely to get high blood pressure. That can lead to other serious conditions. Get your pressure checked two to four times each year. " C" stands for cholesterol. Diabetes can also raise your chances of having high cholesterol, which makes heart disease and strokes more likely. Get it tested at least once every year.


Question: How can medicine help treat my diabetes?

Answer: You and your doctor will make treatment plan to fit your needs. It could include: Medicines. Whether you need them to treat your diabetes depends on things like your: Symptoms Complications Blood sugar levels Lifestyle changes.


Question: Where can I find a support system if I am diagnosed with diabetes?

Answer: They can put you in touch with experts that can give you answers, like: Diabetes educators Dietitians Other specialists Talk to your friends and family members who have diabetes. You could also join a support group and connect online with other people who are going through the same things you are. Knowing more will help you make good choices.


Question: What are the warning signs of diabetes-related eye problems?

Answer: You may get symptoms like: Numbness or tingling Burning Cuts or sores that heal slowly Erectile dysfunction or vaginal dryness Eye problems called diabetic retinopathy can happen from damage to small blood vessels in the retina. That's a layer of tissue on the inside of your eyes.


Question: How can I have the healthiest lifestyle possible if I have diabetes?

Answer: Once you know more about living with the condition, you'll be ready to put that knowledge into practice. A healthy lifestyle includes: Two to four doctor visits each year A balanced diet At least 30 minutes of exercise most days Steps to reach and keep a healthy weight At least two dentist visits a year No smoking Eye and foot exams every year Yearly vaccinations You can prevent problems if you control your diabetes with diet, medication, exercise, and regular checkups.


Question: What are the warning signs of nerve damage due to diabetes?

Answer: It's also important to know the warning signs of some common complications: Nerve damage called diabetic neuropathy can affect your feet and legs. You may get symptoms like: Numbness or tingling Burning Cuts or sores that heal slowly Erectile dysfunction or vaginal dryness Eye problems called diabetic retinopathy can happen from damage to small blood vessels in the retina.


Question: How can my health care team help me avoid complications of diabetes?

Answer: You'll see your condition get better if you: Change your diet Lose extra weight Get more active Blood sugar. Talk to your doctor whenever you have concerns. You may need something as simple as a lifestyle change or a tweak in your meds. Your diabetes health care team is there to help. Their goal is the same as yours: let you keep doing the things you love with the people you care about.


Question: How can I maintain my quality of life after being diagnosed with diabetes?

Answer: You'll see your condition get better if you: Change your diet Lose extra weight Get more active Blood sugar. Their goal is the same as yours: let you keep doing the things you love with the people you care about.


Question: Does having diabetes increase my risk of heart disease and stroke?

Answer: Diabetes can also raise your chances of having high cholesterol, which makes heart disease and strokes more likely. The risks go even higher if you: Smoke Are overweight Have high blood pressure Have heart disease in your family Talk to your doctor about your chances of having these conditions and what you can do to lower them.


Question: How can stress make skin problems worse?

Answer: For example, stress can aggravate psoriasis, rosacea, and eczema. It can also cause hives and other types of skin rashes and trigger a flare-up of fever blisters.


Question: How can stress affect your body?

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Question: What are some ways to ease the effects of stress on your skin?

Answer: Try these approaches: Don't neglect your skin. Take care of it, even if you're tired or stressed. Get regular exercise. It's good for your skin and the rest of your body. Take time for yourself to do something you enjoy, even if you only have 10 minutes. Take a bath or read a book. Take a walk around the block. Practice stress management techniques, such as breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or visual imagery. Get enough sleep. Seven to 8 hours each night is ideal. Say no. It's OK to set limits and boundaries to lower your stress. Talk to someone. Seek support from a friend or a professional therapist.


Question: How does stress affect your skin?

Answer: Stress causes a chemical response in your body that makes skin more sensitive and reactive. It can also make it harder for skin problems to heal. Have you ever noticed that you break out more when you're stressed? This is because stress causes your body to make hormones like cortisol, which tells glands in your skin to make more oil. Oily skin is more prone to acne and other skin problems.


Question: How can tracking exercise help people with diabetes?

Answer: It helps lower your blood sugar, helps your body use insulin better, and makes you less likely to have other health complications. A fitness tracker could be just what you need to jump-start your exercise routine. Walking is great for people with diabetes, and counting your steps with a fitness device is an easy way to stay on track. Devices often track the number of calories you use throughout the day. Step up your daily calorie burn, and your blood sugar will benefit.


Question: How can tracking eating habits help people with diabetes?

Answer: They also balance the calories you burn with the ones you eat, so if you work out a lot, you can eat a tad more. Many devices sync with diabetes-specific tracking apps for your carbs and insulin doses, so you can see all your data at once in easy-to-read graphs and charts.


Question: How can tracking sleep help with my diabetes?

Answer: Sleep. Many trackers have motion sensors that track your ZZZs. That can help if you have diabetes, since they tell you about your sleep quality and duration: Sleep problems and diabetes go hand-in-hand, like sleep apnea and nerve pain at night. If your device records many restless nights, talk to your doctor. Waking up a lot in the night can be a sign that your blood sugar is getting too low. Not sleeping enough can push your blood sugar out of whack. So when you see how little sleep you're getting night after night, you might be inspired to turn off the TV an hour early and go to bed.


Question: How can tracking my exercise help with my diabetes?

Answer: It helps lower your blood sugar, helps your body use insulin better, and makes you less likely to have other health complications. A fitness tracker could be just what you need to jump-start your exercise routine. Walking is great for people with diabetes, and counting your steps with a fitness device is an easy way to stay on track.


Question: How common is high blood pressure and diabetes?

Answer: High blood pressure and diabetes is a common and dangerous combination.


Question: How can tracking my diabetes be useful?

Answer: The high-tech revolution makes it easier to share info with your doctor. Now you can show her not only your glucose readings, but also your diet, exercise, and sleep.


Question: How can I keep track of the food I eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: They also balance the calories you burn with the ones you eat, so if you work out a lot, you can eat a tad more. Many devices sync with diabetes-specific tracking apps for your carbs and insulin doses, so you can see all your data at once in easy-to-read graphs and charts.


Question: How can glucose monitors and apps help with diabetes?

Answer: Read up on the new wave of high-tech glucose monitors and phone apps. Some gadgets can store your glucose monitor's readings in the cloud. That means you use less space on your phone or tablet. Browse the app store for your phone or tablet's operating system to find hundreds of diabetes apps -- to record carbs, set alarms for medication, and plan healthy meals. Look for ones with the highest ratings and try them. Check products from the same manufacturer -- like a fitness tracker, wireless scale, and glucose monitor -- to see if they sync so you get a more complete picture of your health.


Question: How can tracking sleep help people with diabetes?

Answer: Sleep. Many trackers have motion sensors that track your ZZZs. That can help if you have diabetes, since they tell you about your sleep quality and duration: Sleep problems and diabetes go hand-in-hand, like sleep apnea and nerve pain at night. If your device records many restless nights, talk to your doctor. Waking up a lot in the night can be a sign that your blood sugar is getting too low. Not sleeping enough can push your blood sugar out of whack. So when you see how little sleep you're getting night after night, you might be inspired to turn off the TV an hour early and go to bed.


Question: How can a wireless scale help with diabetes?

Answer: It helps lower your blood sugar, helps your body use insulin better, and makes you less likely to have other health complications. A wireless scale. Wireless scales can automatically upload your weight to a secure website. If you're really into sharing, you can tweet your weigh-ins or post them on social media. This kind of support helps some people stay motivated.


Question: What tracking devices can be helpful for people with diabetes?

Answer: A huge part of managing your diabetes is to keep your blood sugar under control, exercise, and eat right. Wireless scales can automatically upload your weight to a secure website.


Question: How can tracking help with diabetes?

Answer: Food. The high-tech revolution makes it easier to share info with your doctor. Now you can show her not only your glucose readings, but also your diet, exercise, and sleep. Once you track for a while, you'll start to see some connections. How much is that snack from the vending machine really affecting you? How does exercising a few weeks affect your blood pressure? When your tracker shows you slept restlessly for a week, does it affect your blood sugar readings? Also congratulate yourself for what you're doing right. When you self-track, you see the rewards of your healthy habits. That can give you very real reasons to stick with them.


Question: What can I learn from tracking devices for people with diabetes?

Answer: Food. Once you track for a while, you'll start to see some connections. How much is that snack from the vending machine really affecting you? How does exercising a few weeks affect your blood pressure? When your tracker shows you slept restlessly for a week, does it affect your blood sugar readings? Is there something you need to improve? Also congratulate yourself for what you're doing right. When you self-track, you see the rewards of your healthy habits. That can give you very real reasons to stick with them.


Question: Does tracking really help with diabetes?

Answer: It's the same with tracking when you have diabetes. Studies have found that people with diabetes who used apps -- to record food, exercise, and other behavior -- had better long-term blood sugar control. Another found that people who wore pedometers naturally increased their activity by 27%.


Question: How can scales help with my diabetes?

Answer: It helps lower your blood sugar, helps your body use insulin better, and makes you less likely to have other health complications. A wireless scale. Wireless scales can automatically upload your weight to a secure website. If you're really into sharing, you can tweet your weigh-ins or post them on social media. This kind of support helps some people stay motivated.


Question: How can I track my exercise if I have diabetes?

Answer: By tracking steps and the calories you burn, fitness trackers can help anyone get fitter. That means you use less space on your phone or tablet.


Question: Why does tracking help with diabetes?

Answer: Data = power. Not sleeping enough can push your blood sugar out of whack.


Question: How can I keep track of my glucose levels if I have diabetes?

Answer: A huge part of managing your diabetes is to keep your blood sugar under control, exercise, and eat right. Some gadgets can store your glucose monitor's readings in the cloud. That means you use less space on your phone or tablet. Browse the app store for your phone or tablet's operating system to find hundreds of diabetes apps -- to record carbs, set alarms for medication, and plan healthy meals. Look for ones with the highest ratings and try them.


Question: How can I keep track of my high blood pressure and diabetes?

Answer: Like scales, a wireless blood pressure monitor may automatically upload readings to a website so you can track them easily. Check products from the same manufacturer -- like a fitness tracker, wireless scale, and glucose monitor -- to see if they sync so you get a more complete picture of your health.


Question: When should I call 911 about hives?

Answer: Has sudden hives with swelling in the face, difficulty breathing or coughing, dizziness, or fainting Has hives after being exposed to a substance that caused a serious allergic reaction before Develops hives after a bee sting, new medication, or exposure to a highly allergenic food, such as peanuts You have any concerns The hives seem severe Home treatment isn't helping An antihistamine formulated for children may help with swelling and itching.


Question: How can using antihistamine help with treating hives?

Answer: Has sudden hives with swelling in the face, difficulty breathing or coughing, dizziness, or fainting Has hives after being exposed to a substance that caused a serious allergic reaction before Develops hives after a bee sting, new medication, or exposure to a highly allergenic food, such as peanuts You have any concerns The hives seem severe Home treatment isn't helping An antihistamine formulated for children may help with swelling and itching. Call a pediatrician before using an antihistamine in infants or toddlers.


Question: How can you prevent spreading hepatitis C?

Answer: You can pass the hepatitis C virus to others through your blood, even if you don't have any symptoms. To prevent this, cover wounds carefully and avoid sharing: Razors, nail clippers, toothbrushes, or diabetes supplies Needles for injecting drugs, or steroids Tools for body piercings or tattoos Hepatitis C doesn't spread through kissing, coughing, sneezing, or sharing eating utensils. It's rare, but you can get it from unprotected sex.


Question: Why should I get tested for hepatitis C?

Answer: In fact, hepatitis C is the top reason for liver transplants in the U. S. If you think you've been exposed, here are five reasons to get tested right away: A simple blood test can tell if you've ever had the virus. You can pass the hepatitis C virus to others through your blood, even if you don't have any symptoms.


Question: How can you prevent broken toenails?

Answer: Be on the lookout for any sign of infection, especially if you have diabetes or another condition that causes slow healing: Pain gets worse or lasts for more than a couple of days Fever Pus Bleeding More redness or swelling around the toe or spreading into your foot A long toenail or a rough edge can catch on the corner of a door or thick carpet, so keep nails trimmed straight across. Constant pressure, like a hammertoe that rubs against the inside of your shoe, can lead to a detached toenail. See a podiatrist regularly if you have any foot problems. A fungal infection, an allergy to a nail product ingredient, psoriasis, and diseases that cause poor circulation, such as Raynaud's, can lead to your toenail breaking off or crumbling. Follow your doctor's instructions to manage these issues and lower the odds of related problems.


Question: What are some tips to treat broken toenails at home?

Answer: Trim off the loose part so that it won't catch on clothes, carpeting, or anything else and rip more. Use a clean pair of scissors or nail clippers and snip along the line of the tear to make an even edge. If the nail has cracked off from side to side -- without leaving a rough edge -- you can skip the trimming. Protect any exposed part of the nail bed for 7 to 10 days until this skin hardens and isn't sensitive anymore. Coat the area with antibiotic ointment and top with a nonstick bandage. Change the bandage every day and whenever it gets wet. ( If any part gets stuck, soak it under warm running water until it slips off.) For the first couple of days, ease any pain and swelling by propping up your foot. Use pillows so that it's above the level of your heart. Apply an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel for no more than 20 minutes every 3 to 6 hours as needed. Your usual over-the-counter pain reliever should help, too.


Question: When can you treat broken toenails at home?

Answer: You can care for a ripped toenail at home if: The tear isn't too far down toward your foot, and the nail is still attached to the nail bed. Any bleeding stops quickly. You have little, if any, blood pooling under the remaining nail (it will look like a blue-black spot), and it doesn't hurt much. The toe itself looks normal.


Question: What should you avoid doing if you have broken toenails?

Answer: You can care for a ripped toenail at home if: The tear isn't too far down toward your foot, and the nail is still attached to the nail bed. You see blood pooling under 1/4 or more of the remaining nail. Don't wrap the exposed nail bed with plain gauze or a regular adhesive bandage. These will stick, and later it will be both difficult and painful to change the dressing. Try not to fuss at it. Don't pick at the old (or replacement) nail as the new one appears, if one does. It may take a year or more for a new nail to fully grow back, and it may be deformed.


Question: What would your doctor do to treat broken toenails?

Answer: Any bleeding stops quickly. If it's painful, soak your toe in cold water for 20 minutes. The base or sides of the nail are pulling away or already detached from the nail bed or nail folds. You see blood pooling under 1/4 or more of the remaining nail. To help avoid infection, they may give you antibiotics and possibly a tetanus booster shot. You might need an X-ray. If you've broken a bone in the toe, they may tape it to the next toe for support while it heals.


Question: When should you get medical help for broken toenails?

Answer: Go to an urgent care center or emergency room when: The tear is too far down for you to trim. The base or sides of the nail are pulling away or already detached from the nail bed or nail folds. The toenail has ripped off. ( The nail bed may look pearly, as though the nail is still there, even though it's completely off.) You have a deep cut that might need stitches. You have a lot of pain or swelling. Your toe might throb or feel tight. The toe is crooked or mangled. You see blood pooling under 1/4 or more of the remaining nail. Your nail, or an artificial one, will protect the nail bed, and it's more comfortable than a bandage.


Question: What can you do to get a good night's sleep?

Answer: If a medical problem like spasticity, bladder trouble, or depression is keeping you awake, talk to your doctor about treatments that relieve those conditions. A consistent bedtime routine can also be a big help. Try these tips: Relax in the evening before you go to bed. Try to not rehash the day's problems or worry about tomorrow's schedule. If it's hard to turn your brain off, try routines that can help you wind down, like meditation or breathing exercises. Go to bed when you're tired. Try to hit the sack at about the same time every night. If you can't fall asleep after 10-15 minutes, get up. Don't lie in bed and watch the clock or count the cracks in the wall. Find something to do that's relaxing to you, such as working on a puzzle, reading, or writing a letter to a friend. Rather than watching TV, which doesn't require effort, do something active so that your natural tiredness can build up. But don't do that activity while you're in bed -- keep the sheets for sleeping and sex.


Question: What tips can help me get a better night's sleep with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: A consistent bedtime routine can also be a big help. Try these tips: Relax in the evening before you go to bed. Try to not rehash the day's problems or worry about tomorrow's schedule. If it's hard to turn your brain off, try routines that can help you wind down, like meditation or breathing exercises. Go to bed when you're tired. Try to hit the sack at about the same time every night. If you can't fall asleep after 10-15 minutes, get up. Don't lie in bed and watch the clock or count the cracks in the wall. Find something to do that's relaxing to you, such as working on a puzzle, reading, or writing a letter to a friend. Rather than watching TV, which doesn't require effort, do something active so that your natural tiredness can build up. But don't do that activity while you're in bed -- keep the sheets for sleeping and sex.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about sleep?

Answer: If you still can't seem to get enough sleep, talk to your doctor. She can help you figure out what's going on. She can also refer you to a sleep specialist if necessary.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis affect your sleep?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis often have trouble sleeping soundly, but the problems may not be due to the disease itself. Stress, spasticity in arms or legs, inactivity, or depression that can come along with MS can interfere with a good night's rest. In some cases, MS lesions at certain spots within the brain may also keep someone from sleeping normally.


Question: What are some tips for a good night's sleep?

Answer: Follow these tips, too: Try not to sleep during the day. If you nap, don't snooze for too long or near bedtime. Avoid caffeine and alcohol within 4-6 hours of bedtime. Don't smoke before you go to sleep or during the night. If running to the bathroom is keeping you awake, try to drink less in the evenings. Get your recommended amount of fluids during the day instead. And use the restroom right before you go to bed. Don't go to bed hungry or soon after a heavy meal. If your stomach is growling, eat a light snack or drink a glass of warm milk. Exercise regularly, preferably during the day. Avoid vigorous exercise 3 hours before bedtime. Set your alarm to wake you up at the same time every day, even on days when you're off work and on the weekends.


Question: What things are important to do so that I can get a good night of sleep if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Follow these tips, too: Try not to sleep during the day. If you nap, don't snooze for too long or near bedtime. Avoid caffeine and alcohol within 4-6 hours of bedtime. Don't smoke before you go to sleep or during the night. If running to the bathroom is keeping you awake, try to drink less in the evenings. Get your recommended amount of fluids during the day instead. Exercise regularly, preferably during the day. Avoid vigorous exercise 3 hours before bedtime. Set your alarm to wake you up at the same time every day, even on days when you're off work and on the weekends.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis often have trouble sleeping?

Answer: In some cases, MS lesions at certain spots within the brain may also keep someone from sleeping normally. Try to not rehash the day's problems or worry about tomorrow's schedule.


Question: Are lumps usually a sign of soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Most visible lumps aren't sarcoma. They're usually a harmless cluster of fat cells called a lipoma. But if you have one that's bigger than 2 inches and growing or causing pain, see your doctor.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: You may want to ask: How do you know it's cancer? Could it be something else? What kind of soft tissue sarcoma do I have? How far has it spread? What kind of treatment should I get, and why? How well does that treatment work? What kind of side effects will I have if I get that treatment? Are there other ways to treat this kind of cancer? Who will be in charge of my treatment? How often have they treated this kind of cancer? What do I need to do to prepare for my treatment? If I have another health condition, how will it be affected? What support is available to help me and my family? Where can I learn more about my type of cancer?


Question: What happens if you are diagnosed with a soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Continue Reading Below If the tests show that you have cancer, your doctor will use the results to find out the stage of the cancer. That's a number I through IV that's based on how big it is and whether it's in other parts of your body.


Question: What are the symptoms of a soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: The most common sign of a soft tissue sarcoma is a painless lump or growth. But some may not be noticeable until they're big enough to press on nearby muscles or nerves. About 1 in 5 soft tissue sarcomas happen in the belly. You probably wouldn't learn that you have one until they caused other problems, such as stomach pain, bleeding, or a blocked intestine. A doctor might find a sarcoma in your lungs or chest only after you have chest pain or trouble breathing. About 10% of the time, a sarcoma will start on your head or neck. The most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children, called rhabdomyosarcoma, happens mostly in those areas.


Question: When should I see my doctor if I think I might have soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: You should see your doctor if: You notice a growing lump somewhere on your body. You have stomach pain that's getting worse. Your stool appears black or bloody. You're vomiting blood. Most visible lumps aren't sarcoma. They're usually a harmless cluster of fat cells called a lipoma. But if you have one that's bigger than 2 inches and growing or causing pain, see your doctor.


Question: What is the treatment for soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: This will depend on where the cancer is and how far it's spread, but surgery is usually the first step. Your doctors will try to take out any tumors without harming the healthy tissue around them. They might take out one or more of your lymph nodes to check if your sarcoma has reached them and spread to other places in your body. If a tumor is in one of your arms or legs, your doctors may try to replace any tissue they have to take out. They might use tissue from another part of your body or artificial implants. In rare cases, your doctors may have to remove a limb.


Question: How are radioactive pellets or radiation therapy used to treat soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: In other cases, a method called brachytherapy may be an option. Doctors put small radioactive pellets in the part of your body where the tumor is and then take them out a few days later. You may have to stay in the hospital while the pellets are inside. Your doctors also might suggest radiation therapy to shrink a tumor before they try surgery to take it out. Or they might recommend it after the surgery so they can kill any remaining cancer cells.


Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation for soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Chemotherapy and radiation can damage normal cells along with the cancerous ones, and that can cause some side effects. Chemotherapy and radiation can cause nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Chemotherapy also can make your hair fall out and lead to a loss of appetite and sores in your mouth. Radiation also can cause redness, peeling, or blistering on your skin where the beams were aimed. If radiation targets your belly or pelvis, it may cause diarrhea. If it's aimed at your head or chest, it may hurt to swallow.


Question: Where can you get support for soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Many people know what it's like to face cancer, and there are a lot of support groups to help you deal with the issues it causes. These groups can help you talk about feelings and concerns you may not want to share with family or friends. They may also be a way to learn more about what to expect and how your life may change. Some groups are led by professionals who guide the discussions, while others are led by people who are going through the same things you are. There also are groups for family members or caregivers. Your doctors, nurses, or a counselor can help you find groups that might help.


Question: Are there clinical trials available for soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: You can ask your doctor if there is a clinical trial for your type of sarcoma. These test new ways of treating cancer.


Question: What should you expect in the treatment for soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: It takes a team to counter cancer. Before your treatment starts, you'll meet with doctors, nurses, and technicians who will manage your therapy. They'll lay out the plan they recommend and tell you about any side effects you might have. After that, you'll be asked to sign forms saying that your doctors have told you about the procedures and that you've agreed to them. Your doctors will tell you if you need to stop certain foods or activities during your treatment. Be sure to tell them about any medications (even those that you can buy âover the counter,â or without a prescription) and supplements (including vitamins and ânaturalâ products) you take regularly. Your therapy may keep you out of work for a while. Talk with your supervisor about your condition and whether you might need to change your schedule or duties while you get treatment. It's against the law for your employer to treat you unfairly because of your illness.


Question: When should you see a doctor about the symptoms of a soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: You should see your doctor if: You notice a growing lump somewhere on your body.


Question: What is a soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of cancers that grow in parts of your body such as your muscles, bones, deep layers of skin, or in fat. They also can form on blood vessels, nerves, or connective tissues, which support organs and other kinds of tissues. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare. They account for less than 1% of all cases of cancer.


Question: How is a soft tissue sarcoma diagnosed?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably get: A physical examination.


Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: These might include: X-rays An ultrasound.


Question: What is soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare. They account for less than 1% of all cases of cancer. But there are dozens of different types, and they can happen in children and adults. Radiation , including during treatment for other kinds of cancer. About 1 in 5 soft tissue sarcomas happen in the belly.


Question: What are symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma?

Answer: The most common sign of a soft tissue sarcoma is a painless lump or growth. But some may not be noticeable until they're big enough to press on nearby muscles or nerves. A doctor might find a sarcoma in your lungs or chest only after you have chest pain or trouble breathing.


Question: What are the treatments for pneumonia?

Answer: How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor will give you antibiotics to treat it. He'll also take steps to prevent complications. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. Viral pneumonia usually gets better on its own in 1 to 3 weeks. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment.


Question: What can you expect if your pneumonia becomes severe?

Answer: How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment. While you're there, your doctor will probably give you fluids or antibiotics through an IV tube. You may even need oxygen therapy or breathing treatments.


Question: How should I first treat allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: First, if stung on the hand, remove any rings from your fingers immediately. If stung by a bee, the insect usually leaves a sac of venom and a stinger in your skin. Remove the stinger within 30 seconds to avoid receiving more venom. Gently scrape the sac and stinger out with a fingernail or a stiff-edged object like a credit card. Do not squeeze the sac or pull on the stinger -- this will cause the release of more venom into the skin. Wash the stung area with soap and water and then apply an antiseptic.


Question: How can I prevent an allergic reaction?

Answer: Allergic reactions to insect stings can be prevented with allergy shots (also known as immuntherapy). The treatment is 97% effective in preventing future reactions and involves injecting gradually increasing doses of venom that stimulate your immune system to become resistant to a future allergic reaction. If you've had an allergic reaction, it's important to talk to an allergist, a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. Based on your history and test results, the allergist will determine if you are a candidate for immunotherapy treatment.


Question: How can I avoid allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: You can lessen your chances of an insect sting by taking certain precautionary measures: Learn to recognize insect nests and avoid them. Yellow jackets nest in the ground in dirt mounds or old logs and walls. Honeybees nest in beehives. Hornets and wasps nest in bushes, trees, and on buildings. Wear shoes and socks when outdoors. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes when in wooded areas. Avoid wearing perfumes or brightly colored clothing. They tend to attract insects. If you have severe allergies, you should never be alone when hiking, boating, swimming, golfing, or otherwise involved outdoors, as you may need prompt medical treatment if stung. Use insect screens on windows and doors at home. Use insect repellents. Spray garbage cans regularly with insecticide and keep the cans covered. Avoid or remove insect-attracting plants and vines growing in and around the house. A severely allergic person should always wear a Medic Alert bracelet and keep a self-care kit (described below) on hand for emergency use in the case of severe symptoms.


Question: What should I know about allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Bee, wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, or fire ant stings most often trigger allergic reactions. However, most people are not allergic to insect stings and may mistake a normal sting reaction for an allergic reaction. By knowing the difference, you can prevent unnecessary worry and visits to the doctor.


Question: What are the symptoms of a mild allergic reaction to insect stings?

Answer: A mild allergic reaction to an insect sting may cause one or more of the following symptoms at the site of the sting: Pain Redness Mild to moderate swelling Warmth at the sting site Itching People who have experienced a severe systemic allergic reaction to an insect sting have a 60% chance of a similar or worse reaction if they are stung again.


Question: What are the different types of allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: The severity of an insect sting reaction varies from person to person. There are three types of reactions -- normal, localized, and allergic: A normal reaction will result in pain, swelling, and redness around the sting site. A large local reaction will result in swelling that extends beyond the sting site. For example, a person stung on the ankle may have swelling of the entire leg. While it often looks alarming, it is generally no more serious than a normal reaction. The most serious reaction to an insect sting is a systemic allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis(described below). This condition requires immediate medical attention.


Question: What medications can I take to treat allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine to reduce itching, swelling, and hives. However, this medication should not be given to children under 2 years of age or to pregnant women without prior approval from a doctor. The antihistamine can also make you drowsy, so do not drive or operate heavy machinery after taking it. To relieve pain, take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) such as ibuprofen.


Question: What are the symptoms of allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (called an anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis) may include one or more of the following: Difficulty breathing Hives that appear as a red, itchy rash and spread to areas beyond the sting Swelling of the face, throat, lips or tongue Wheezing or difficulty swallowing Restlessness and anxiety Rapid pulse Dizziness or a sharp drop in blood pressure Although severe allergic reactions are not that common, they can lead to shock, cardiac arrest, and unconsciousness in 10 minutes or less. This type of reaction can occur within minutes after a sting and can be fatal. Get emergency treatment as soon as possible.


Question: How can I treat swelling from allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: Wash the stung area with soap and water and then apply an antiseptic. If swelling is a problem, apply an ice pack or cold compress to the area.


Question: What are epinephrine sting kits for allergic reactions?

Answer: Do not wait to see if you are having a reaction before administering the pen because by then it may be too late. The two most common have the brand names Ana- Kit and Epi- Pen. However, these kits should not be used as a substitute for medical intervention. You should still see a doctor after being stung. Epinephrine alone is not always enough to reverse serious allergic sting reactions and may cause serious side effects in some people with heart conditions or people who are taking certain drugs. You will need a prescription from your doctor to purchase one of these kits. Each kit has two pens in case a repeat dosage is needed. Carry it with you at all times. Before using, be sure to let your doctor know about any medication you are taking to prevent drug interactions.


Question: How common are allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: Many of these individuals are at risk for life-threatening allergic reactions. Approximately 50 deaths each year in the U. S. are attributed to allergic reactions to insect stings. They tend to attract insects.


Question: What should I consider when treating allergic reactions to insect stings?

Answer: Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine to reduce itching, swelling, and hives. Also, carefully read the warning label on any medicines before taking it. Parents of children and people with medical conditions should consult a pharmacist if they have questions about a drug's use.


Question: Are there certain things to keep in mind that can help my speech problems caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: There are other ways to manage your speech problems, too: Don't feel rushed or pressured when you're trying to talk. If you feel comfortable, it may help to let the other person know you have a speech problem. Try to talk with someone face-to-face whenever possible. Your facial expressions and gestures can help you get your point across. If a conversation goes on too long, ask if you can take a break. Try to relax. If you can keep a positive attitude, it might put you and the other person at ease so you won't feel anxious about understanding each other.


Question: How can I make swallowing easier if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Along with therapy, there are things you can do to make swallowing easier: Sit upright at a 90-degree angle, tilt your head slightly forward, or stay sitting or standing upright for 45 to 60 minutes after you eat. Stay focused on the tasks of eating and drinking. Keep distractions away. Don't talk with food in your mouth. Go slowly. Aim to eat about 1/2 teaspoon of your food at a time. You may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. If food or liquid catches in your throat, cough gently or clear your throat, and swallow again before you take a breath. Concentrate on swallowing often. Try alternating a bite of food with a sip of liquid. Try different temperatures and textures of liquids. For example, you can make drinks colder or try carbonated beverages. Drink plenty of fluids. Suck on popsicles, ice chips, or lemon-flavored water to get your mouth to make more saliva, which will help you swallow more often. If chewing is hard for you, stay away from foods that need a lot of jaw power. If thin liquids make you cough, try thickening them. You can also substitute thin liquids with thicker ones -- nectars for juices and cream soups for plain broths, for instance. When you take medication, crush your pills and mix them with applesauce or pudding. Ask your pharmacist to let you know which pills you shouldn't crush and which medicines you can buy in a liquid form.


Question: What is involved in the diagnosis of speech problems and swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.


Question: If I have multiple sclerosis can I have speech problems?

Answer: The kinds of speech problems MS causes can vary depending on which part of the brain is damaged. Someone with the disease might have mild trouble with words or severe problems that make it hard for them to speak and be understood. A problem that's subtle in the beginning might get worse over time.


Question: What are the distinctive language problems of people with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with MS usually have a few distinctive language problems: â Scanning" speech, when a person's normal speech pattern is disrupted with long pauses between words or syllables Slurring words. It usually happens because of weak tongue, lip, and mouth muscles. Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.


Question: What are symptoms of speech problems in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with MS usually have a few distinctive language problems: â Scanning" speech, when a person's normal speech pattern is disrupted with long pauses between words or syllables Slurring words. It usually happens because of weak tongue, lip, and mouth muscles. Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.


Question: Will I need a speech therapist to help my swallowing problems from multiple sclerosis?

Answer: She can figure out which part of your speech is affected and study your breathing control and way you move your lips, tongue, and other parts of your mouth. If muscle stiffness is making it hard for you to speak, medications might help. Your speech therapist might also suggest: Exercises to strengthen or relax your vocal cords or improve how you move your jaw, tongue, and lips Strategies other than speech that can help you communicate with others.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis often have trouble swallowing?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis, or MS, often have trouble swallowing, a problem called dysphagia. It can also lead to speech problems. It happens when the disease damages the nerves in the brain and spinal cord that make these tasks happen. For some people, these problems are mild. Others have a harder time dealing with severe symptoms.


Question: If I have multiple sclerosis, can I have trouble swallowing?

Answer: It can also lead to speech problems. It happens when the disease damages the nerves in the brain and spinal cord that make these tasks happen. For some people, these problems are mild. Others have a harder time dealing with severe symptoms. But treatments and techniques can help you improve your speech and make swallowing easier. Concentrate on swallowing often.


Question: What is a modified barium swallow and how is it used to treat swallowing problems caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work. The fluid makes your insides stand out on the image. The test helps your doctor pinpoint where and why you're having trouble swallowing.


Question: What is involved in the diagnosis of swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work. The fluid makes your insides stand out on the image. The test helps your doctor pinpoint where and why you're having trouble swallowing.


Question: What are my treatment options for speech problems in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Someone with the disease might have mild trouble with words or severe problems that make it hard for them to speak and be understood. Your doctor might suggest that you see a speech therapist or a speech-language pathologist. You might focus on using shorter words and phrases or ways to simplify words, sentences, or sounds. Practice controlling your breath. It can help you speak longer sentences in one breath or accent specific words.


Question: What are my treatment options for swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can also lead to speech problems. She might suggest changes in diet, positioning of your head, or exercises that can help. In very severe cases, feeding tubes can deliver nutrients and fluids directly into the stomach.


Question: What are other causes of diarrhea?

Answer: Other causes include: Alcohol abuse Allergies to certain foods Diabetes Diseases of the intestines (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Eating foods that upset the digestive system Infection by bacteria (the cause of most types of food poisoning) or other organisms Laxative abuse Medications Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) Radiation therapy Running ( Some people get ârunner's diarrheaâ for reasons that aren't clear.)


Question: What can happen if I have diarrhea?

Answer: You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. That can be a serious problem if it's not treated.


Question: When should I call my doctor about my diarrhea?

Answer: Call your doctor right away if you have: Blood in your diarrhea or black, tarry stools A fever that is high (above 101 F) or that lasts more than 24 hours Diarrhea lasting longer than 2 days Nausea or throwing up that prevents you from drinking liquids to replace lost fluids Severe pain in your belly or rear end Diarrhea after coming back from a foreign country Also, call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea and any of these signs of dehydration: Dark urine Smaller than usual amounts of urine or, in a child, fewer wet diapers than usual Rapid heart rate Headaches Dry skin Crankiness Confusion Your doctor will ask about your medical history and what medications you take, as well as what you've eaten or had to drink recently.


Question: When should you call your doctor about diarrhea?

Answer: Call your doctor right away if you have: Blood in your diarrhea or black, tarry stools A fever that is high (above 101 F) or that lasts more than 24 hours Diarrhea lasting longer than 2 days Nausea or throwing up that prevents you from drinking liquids to replace lost fluids Severe pain in your belly or rear end Diarrhea after coming back from a foreign country Also, call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea and any of these signs of dehydration: Dark urine Smaller than usual amounts of urine or, in a child, fewer wet diapers than usual Rapid heart rate Headaches Dry skin Crankiness Confusion Your doctor will ask about your medical history and what medications you take, as well as what you've eaten or had to drink recently.


Question: Can diarrhea cause constipation?

Answer: Some cancers Surgery on your digestive system Trouble absorbing certain nutrients, also called âmalabsorptionâ Diarrhea may also follow constipation, especially for people who have irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: How can I feel better after diarrhea?

Answer: Your rectal area may become sore because of all the bowel movements that diarrhea brings. You may have itching, burning, or pain when you go to the bathroom. For relief, take a warm bath. Afterward, pat the area dry (don't rub) with a clean, soft towel. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.


Question: What are symptoms of diarrhea?

Answer: You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated.


Question: How can you feel better if you have diarrhea?

Answer: Your rectal area may become sore because of all the bowel movements that diarrhea brings. You may have itching, burning, or pain when you go to the bathroom. For relief, take a warm bath. Afterward, pat the area dry (don't rub) with a clean, soft towel. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.


Question: What is diarrhea?

Answer: When you have diarrhea, your bowel movements (or stools) are loose and watery. It's common and usually not serious. It normally lasts 2 to 3 days. Some people get it more often.


Question: How do you know if you have diarrhea?

Answer: It's common and usually not serious. You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated.


Question: How is mild diarrhea treated if it is mild?

Answer: Stool tests to look for bacteria or parasites If your case is mild, you may not need to take anything. Adults can take an over-the-counter medicine such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide, which you can get as liquids or tablets. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.


Question: How can I avoid back pain?

Answer: Get more exercise. Extra pounds, especially in your midsection, can make back pain worse by shifting your center of gravity and putting strain on your lower back. Staying within 10 pounds of your ideal weight may help control back pain. If you smoke, stop. Smoking restricts the flow of nutrient-containing blood to spinal discs, so smokers are especially vulnerable to back pain. Sleeping position. If you're prone to back pain, talk with your doctor about the best sleeping position. Don't bend over from the waist to lift heavy objects. If you can, push rather than pull heavy objects. Clothing so tight that it interferes with bending, sitting, or walking can aggravate back pain. Lighten your wallet. Sitting on an overstuffed wallet may cause discomfort and back pain. Pick the right handbag or briefcase. Buy a bag or briefcase with a wide, adjustable strap that's long enough to reach over your head. A messenger bag (like the ones bike messengers wear) is made to wear this way. They can be helpful after certain kinds of surgery, but there is not much evidence that they help treat chronic back pain.


Question: When is palliative care recommended for newborns?

Answer: For this reason, palliative care may be recommended before, during, and after delivery. Palliative care is recommended for newborns who: Are born at extremely low birth weight (i.e.


Question: What does neonatal palliative care look like during delivery?

Answer: When a newborn is not expected to live long after birth - be it hours, days, or weeks - the birth plan may include limiting the number of people in the delivery room. For a normal birth, there may be several health care professionals in the room. For a newborn with a short life expectancy, depending on what life-prolonging measures will be taken, the delivery may be attended only by the doctor. This helps to make the delivery as simple and intimate as possible and maximizes the time parents can spend alone with their child.


Question: What should you know about palliative care if your baby is diagnosed with a life-threatening illness?

Answer: Before birth, health care providers will assist parents in putting all plans in place for the baby's birth, life, and possible death. When a baby is expected to live longer than a couple of days, parents often have the option of taking the baby home. In certain cases, perinatal hospice services can assist in planning the transition home and arrange in-home care with the parents. Care at this time may focus in part on the psychosocial and spiritual well-being of the parents and siblings. Families will be referred to a social worker or other mental health professional and, if desired, to a hospital chaplain.


Question: Is grieving normal if you find out your unborn baby has a life-threatening illness?

Answer: It's usually helpful to grieve and talk about your grief with the other parent. Couples need to understand that each individual grieves differently. Some couples report that their marriages were saved after they understood that their spouses were grieving just as intensely as they were, even though they showed less outward emotion. There may be no greater loss than the loss of a child.


Question: What is the outlook for people with somatic symptom disorder?

Answer: This disorder tends to be a chronic (long-term) condition that can last for years. In many cases, symptoms can recur. Only a small percentage of patients recover completely. For that reason, the focus of treatment is on learning to manage and control symptoms, and on minimizing functional problems associated with the disorder.


Question: What causes somatic symptom disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of somatic symptom disorder is not known. Factors that might be involved in the development of the disorder include: A history of physical or sexual abuse A history of having a serious illness as a child A poor ability to express emotions A parent or close relative with the disorder; children might learn this behavior if a parent is overly concerned about disease and/or overreacts to even minor illnesses An inherited susceptibility for the disorder Diagnosing somatic symptom disorder can be very difficult, because people with the disorder are convinced their symptoms and feelings of distress are explainable by a medical illness."


Question: What is somatic symptom disorder?

Answer: Some people have excessive and unrealistic worries about their health. They are very worried about getting a disease or are certain they have a disease, even after medical tests show they do not. And these people often misinterpret minor health problems or normal body functions as symptoms of a serious disease. An example is a person who is sure that her headaches are caused by a brain tumor. The symptoms associated with somatic symptom disorder are not under the person's voluntary control, and they can cause great distress and can interfere with a person's life. Somatic symptom disorder can happen at any time of life, but most often begins in early adulthood. It affects men and women equally.


Question: What complications are associated with somatic symptom disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of somatic symptom disorder is not known. He or she also might suffer from reactions or health problems related to multiple tests, procedures, and treatments. In addition to the pain and frustration this disorder often causes to the person and his or her family, repeated episodes also can lead to unnecessary and risky procedures, as well as high medical bills and trouble functioning in daily life. Further, genuine medical problems can be missed in a person with a long history of having tests with negative results, because doctors may assume the person's complaint is caused by a psychiatric problem, rather than a real physical illness.


Question: What are the signs of somatic symptom disorder?

Answer: The symptoms they describe can range from general complaints, such as pain or tiredness to concerns about normal body functions, such as breathing or stomach noises. People with somatic symptom disorder are not faking or lying about their symptoms; they truly believe they are sick. Or, if they do have an actual physical illness, their level of worry and distress is out of proportion to the condition. Factors that might be involved in the development of the disorder include: A history of physical or sexual abuse A history of having a serious illness as a child A poor ability to express emotions A parent or close relative with the disorder; children might learn this behavior if a parent is overly concerned about disease and/or overreacts to even minor illnesses An inherited susceptibility for the disorder Diagnosing somatic symptom disorder can be very difficult, because people with the disorder are convinced their symptoms and feelings of distress are explainable by a medical illness."


Question: How should you decide to put nutritional bedwetting strategies to work?

Answer: If you make the decision to have your child avoid certain foods in the evenings in an attempt to control your child's bed-wetting problem, make sure the dietary changes don't come across as punishment for bad behavior. Many children who wet the bed, especially older kids, are embarrassed and ashamed by their nocturnal enuresis. And often, parents become increasingly frustrated and angry over the seemingly never-ending cleanup. This can cause anxiety in the children, which can be psychologically distressing and may make them even more likely to wet the bed.


Question: Should you keep track of bed-wetting incidences?

Answer: So, one bed-wetting solution many experts recommend is to avoid caffeine in the late afternoon and evening. The reason your child wets the bed is not just because there is too much liquid in the bladder.


Question: Does drinking liquids before bed cause bed-wetting?

Answer: Nonetheless, limiting the amount of liquid your child drinks before going to sleep makes common sense because it will delay the filling of the bladder and give your child some extra time before bed-wetting occurs. This added time could give your child more of a chance to wake up before wetting the bed. Because everyone is different, you and your child might want to determine if you can figure out any food triggers that seem to affect whether your child wets the bed.


Question: Does caffeine cause bed-wetting?

Answer: So, one bed-wetting solution many experts recommend is to avoid caffeine in the late afternoon and evening. Just because your child doesn't drink coffee doesn't mean he isn't ingesting caffeine. Teas, colas, and energy drinks often contain caffeine. And one food that many children love, chocolate, also contains a chemical closely related to caffeine. So you might want to be cautious about hot chocolate and desserts such as brownies or chocolate ice cream. If they do identify a food they think prevents or causes bed-wetting, having or avoiding that food may actually help, even if it is only due to the placebo effect.


Question: Does diet affect bedwetting probability?

Answer: Limit liquids after 6 p.m. Avoid orange juice. Steer clear of spicy food. In an effort to put an end to your child's bed-wetting problem, you might be tempted to try them all. But before you do, keep in mind that making unnecessary dietary changes that don't work in an attempt to stop bed-wetting could make you and your child even more unhappy and upset. Think of it this way -- even if you drank a gallon of water before bed, you'd wake up to empty your bladder rather than wetting the bed.


Question: What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

Answer: It leads to numbness, loss of sensation, and sometimes pain in your feet, legs, or hands. It is the most common complication of diabetes. About 60% to 70% of all people with diabetes will eventually develop peripheral neuropathy, although not all suffer pain. Studies have shown that people with diabetes can reduce their risk of developing nerve damage by keeping their blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. Chronically high blood sugar levels damage nerves not only in your extremities but also in other parts of your body.


Question: What if medicines don't work to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: If different combinations of medicine aren't doing the job, your doctor may ask you to try a treatment called apheresis. It removes cholesterol from your blood. It's a little bit like dialysis, the treatment that's used for kidney disease. You go to a clinic or hospital where some of your blood is removed through a tube called a catheter. LDL cholesterol is taken out of your blood before it's returned to your body. The procedure takes several hours, and you'll need to do it regularly.


Question: What happens if no treatments are working for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Sometimes, none of the treatments work. In that case, you might need a liver transplant. The new liver will have normal LDL receptors that will remove the bad cholesterol from your blood. Your doctor will put you on a waiting list for a liver from a donor. A liver transplant is major surgery, and it could take you 6 months to a year before you can return to your regular lifestyle. After your transplant, you'll need to take drugs that prevent your body from rejecting the new liver.


Question: Is having support important if you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Make sure you have a support network in place that you can give you an emotional lift when you need it. You can also join a support group to get ideas and help from other people who know what you're going through.


Question: Where can you find more information about medicines and specialists for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: To learn more about homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, visit the web site of the FH Foundation. It's got information about how to join a clinical trial and where to find specialists.


Question: What are common physical symptoms of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: You may have yellow, waxy patches on your skin over the elbows, knees, and buttocks. These are called xanthomas. Yellowish fat deposits called xanthelasmas can develop in your eyelids. Also, you can get gray or white circles around your cornea, the clear front part of the eye.


Question: What do you need to know if you are considering a liver transplant for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: If you're considering a liver transplant, you'll probably need to get some emotional support from family and friends. Support groups can also help by putting you in touch with people who are also getting transplants. Ask your doctor about educational workshops that can help explain what to expect before and after a transplant.


Question: What are questions for your doctor about homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Are there drugs that can help lower my cholesterol? How do you check if my treatment is working? If diet and drugs don't lower my cholesterol, are there other treatments that can help? Will my children inherit my condition?


Question: What are some foods you should avoid if you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Try to avoid or limit sources of saturated fat and cholesterol, such as: Red meat Butter Whole milk Coconut and palm oils Egg yolks Try to exercise every day, which also will help control your cholesterol levels.


Question: What do high levels of LDL cholesterol cause?

Answer: When you have high levels of LDL, cholesterol builds up in your arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen to your heart. The cholesterol can eventually block them and shut off the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart, causing a heart attack.


Question: What is the main sign of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: The main sign that you have this condition is very high levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. For instance, you may have a total cholesterol level of 600 points or higher. By comparison, the American Heart Association recommends the ideal total cholesterol number be less than 200.


Question: What causes homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: When you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, you inherit two copies of a gene that isn't working right, one from each of your parents. Normally, the liver removes extra LDL cholesterol from the blood using particles called LDL receptors. These receptors attach to LDL cholesterol and play a key role in keeping your cholesterol levels under control. When you have this disease, the faulty gene keeps the LDL receptors from working right. Your cholesterol levels get high.


Question: What are questions your doctor might ask you to help diagnose homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Some symptoms of heart disease you may have include: Chest pain (angina) Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Your doctor will do a physical exam and also take some blood tests. To help make a diagnosis, he may ask you: Have you noticed any yellowish patches on your skin? Do you have any chest pain? Have you ever noticed that you're short of breath? Does your heartbeat ever seem rapid? Do your parents have high cholesterol?


Question: What is the main goal of treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: The goal is to lower your LDL cholesterol levels, and your risk for heart disease. Your doctor will probably recommend that you stick to a diet that's low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. He may need to try different combinations of drugs and treatments until he finds one that works best for you.


Question: Is there a cure for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: He may need to try different combinations of drugs and treatments until he finds one that works best for you. You'll need to manage your condition throughout your life.


Question: What should you expect after being diagnosed with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: After your transplant, you'll need to take drugs that prevent your body from rejecting the new liver. While your doctor is trying to find the treatment that works best, you'll probably need to make regular visits to get blood tests to check your cholesterol levels. It's important to be patient and take the time to get the right treatment plan for you. Sometimes your doctor might need to try several different things before your high cholesterol gets under control.


Question: What is homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia makes it harder for your body to remove LDL "bad" cholesterol from your blood. The disease raises your chances of a heart attack at an early age, but drugs and other treatments can lower your risk. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is a disease you're born with.


Question: How do you get homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: It's a serious condition. Without treatment, men with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia can get heart disease in their 40s, and women can get it in their 50s. Since homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia raises your cholesterol to extremely high levels, your doctor may start you on high doses of statin drugs. Two other drugs have been approved for people with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: lomitapide ( Juxtapid) and mipomersen ( Kynamro).


Question: What should you expect for managing homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: There's no cure, so you'll need to take drugs and follow a heart-healthy diet throughout your life. Also, keep the fat in your diet to 30% or less of your daily calories. Sometimes treatments don't work and your heart disease risk remains high. Ask your doctor about joining a clinical trial. These trials test new drugs to see if they're safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone.


Question: What tests might your doctor do to help diagnose homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer: You may have a blood test to look for the abnormal gene that causes this condition. Your doctor might also want to test some of your close relatives to see if they have the disease. While your doctor is trying to find the treatment that works best, you'll probably need to make regular visits to get blood tests to check your cholesterol levels.


Question: Should I take supplements if I have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: If your doctor has recommended a low-fiber diet, you may miss out on the vitamins and minerals that are naturally in many high-fiber foods. Ask your doctor or dietitian if you should take a supplement.


Question: Why is malnutrition not likely with ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Your small intestine is where you absorb vitamins, minerals, and proteins. And UC usually doesn't affect that part of your body.


Question: How can keeping a food diary help me manage my ulcerative colitis?

Answer: This should include a variety of foods: Lean meat, fish, and poultry Low-fat dairy products Bread, cereal, and whole grains Fruits and vegetables Healthy fats such as vegetable oils Keep a food diary to help you figure out which foods cause problems for you and whether or not you're getting enough nutrients.


Question: How often should I eat if I lose weight because of ulcerative colitis?

Answer: And loss of appetite or fear of eating can cause you to lose weight or miss out on nutrients.


Question: How many grams of fiber should I get per day to help treat ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Steaming, baking, or stewing fruits and vegetables before eating them may be easier on your digestive tract than eating them raw.


Question: How can a dietitian help in treating ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Before you take any dietary supplements, talk to your doctor or dietitian. If you can, keep milk and dairy products in your diet.


Question: Does diet cause ulcerative colitis?

Answer: If you lose weight because of your ulcerative colitis, try to eat five or six small meals and snacks during the day instead of two or three large meals. Probiotics are "good" bacteria that live in your intestines.


Question: Do you need to avoid lactose if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: The best time to think about nutrition is when you're not having a flare. But UC doesn't make you more likely to have lactose intolerance. Your doctor can do a simple test to find out.


Question: What is the best diet for ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: Still, it can be tricky to eat a well-balanced diet. This should include a variety of foods: Lean meat, fish, and poultry Low-fat dairy products Bread, cereal, and whole grains Fruits and vegetables Healthy fats such as vegetable oils Keep a food diary to help you figure out which foods cause problems for you and whether or not you're getting enough nutrients.


Question: Why is it hard to eat a well-balanced diet if you have ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: If you lose weight because of your ulcerative colitis, try to eat five or six small meals and snacks during the day instead of two or three large meals. You can also find them in foods like yogurt and in supplements. If you just can't stomach dairy products, your doctor may want you to take calcium and vitamin D supplements.


Question: Do probiotics help if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: What you eat doesn't cause or cure ulcerative colitis. Researchers think adding more probiotics to your digestive tract might help treat the disease. In European studies, the probiotic E. coli Nissle helped prevent UC flares, but it isn't available in the U. S. Other studies are testing different probiotics to help control UC. If you and your doctor decide to try probiotics, you'll need to keep taking enough of the right kind for it to work.


Question: Can you get bromelain naturally from foods?

Answer: Bromelain comes from the stem and fruit of the pineapple.


Question: What are side effects of taking bromelain (bromelin)?

Answer: It could interact with certain antibiotics, blood thinners, aspirin and NSAID painkillers, and cancer drugs.


Question: Why do people take bromelain (bromelin)?

Answer: Bromelain seems to reduce inflammation, at least in some cases. When taken along with trypsin and rutin, bromelain appears to help with osteoarthritis, relieving pain and improving joint function. Studies have also found that bromelain might help with knee pain not caused by arthritis, sinus infections (especially when paired with antibiotics), recovery from surgery (like sinus surgery), and colitis. As a cream, it might help relieve rashes and burns.


Question: What are risks of taking bromelain (bromelin)?

Answer: Bromelain can raise the risk of bleeding. Make sure to stop taking it at least two weeks before surgery. Check with a doctor before using bromelain if you have any health conditions, such as a bleeding disorder, asthma, heart problems, liver or kidney disease, or stomach ulcers.


Question: What is bromelain (bromelin)?

Answer: As a supplement, it's often used to ease pain and swelling. There is no standard dose for bromelain.


Question: How much bromelain should you take?

Answer: For swelling, some experts have recommended a range of 80 milligrams to 300 milligrams of extract taken two to three times daily. One or two 200-milligram bromelain tablets are used for knee pain. Ask your health care provider for advice. Bromelain might work best when taken without food. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, bromelain is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: What are interactions of bromelain (bromelin)?

Answer: Check with a doctor before using bromelain if you have any health conditions, such as a bleeding disorder, asthma, heart problems, liver or kidney disease, or stomach ulcers. It could interact with certain antibiotics, blood thinners, aspirin and NSAID painkillers, and cancer drugs. Eating potatoes or soybeans when you take bromelain could make it less effective.


Question: When should you get medical help about stage III chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms?

Answer: If you're in stage III of COPD, you typically get problems like: Flare-ups more often More shortness of breath Tired more easily Worse coughing and more mucus You may also have: Colds more often Swelling in your ankles, feet, and legs Tightness in your chest Trouble taking a deep breath Wheezing, rapid breathing, and other breathing issues when doing basic tasks Get medical help right away if you notice any of these symptoms: Faster heartbeat than normal Hard time catching your breath or talking Lips or fingernails turn blue or gray Seem out of it or not very alert ( Your loved ones can keep an eye out for this.)


Question: How is stage III chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated?

Answer: As with stage II, you'll keep using drugs called bronchodilators, which help make breathing easier. You'll still have a pulmonary rehab plan that gives you tailored advice on exercise and other lifestyle issues. You may need to use steroids and antibiotics more often to manage flare-ups. To help you breathe better, you may start oxygen therapy. You breathe in oxygen, through either a mask or small tubes that sit just inside your nose. You might start out using it only at certain times, but it usually ramps up from there.


Question: Who shouldn't take hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: If you have these conditions, you may want to avoid HRT: Blood clots Cancer (such as breast, uterine, or endometrial) Heart or liver disease Heart attack Known or suspected pregnancy Stroke HRT comes with side effects.


Question: What is hormone replacement therapy?

Answer: During menopause, your estrogen levels fall. Some women get uncomfortable symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness. HRT (also known as hormone therapy, menopausal hormone therapy, and estrogen replacement therapy) is the most effective treatment for menopause symptoms.


Question: What is vaginal estrogen?

Answer: Topical Estrogen â Creams, gels and sprays offer other ways of getting estrogen into your system. Vaginal estrogen â Vaginal estrogen comes in a cream, vaginal ring, or vaginal estrogen tablets. In general, these treatments are for women who are troubled specifically by vaginal dryness, itchiness, and burning or pain during intercourse.


Question: How can you confirm if you have breast cancer?

Answer: The only way to confirm cancer is for a doctor to do a needle aspiration or surgical breast biopsy to collect and test tissue for cancer cells.


Question: When should you get a mammogram for breast cancer?

Answer: A mammogram can show breast lumps up to 2 years before they can be felt. Different tests help determine if a lump may be cancer. Ones that aren't cancerous tend to have different physical features than ones that are. Imaging tests such as mammograms and ultrasounds can often see the difference. When and if you need these imaging tests is a personal decision between you and your doctor. Most women don't start having mammograms until they're at least 40. If you're at higher risk for breast cancer, your doctor may want you to start at a younger age. For women at average risk, the American Cancer Society recommends that women ages: 45 to 54: Get yearly mammograms. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening mammograms every other year for women ages 50-74. The decision to get a mammogram every other year from age 40 to 49 is up to you and your doctor.


Question: Can you do self-exams for breast cancer?

Answer: That's why it's important to get mammograms as recommended, to be familiar with how your breasts usually look, and to report any changes to your doctor ASAP. This depends on: The quality of the test Getting screened as often as you need to Doing what your doctor says afterward It's a good idea to know how your breasts normally look and feel so you can notice any changes. Medical organizations have different recommendations for breast self-exams, though. The American Cancer Society, for example, states that research has not shown a clear benefit of performing regular breast self-exams. Talk with your doctor to get a better sense of what's right for you.


Question: What do you need to do if you're diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: It's more often used after you're diagnosed to see how far cancer has spread, but your doctor might combine it with a mammogram as a screening test if: You're at a high risk for breast cancer. Your doctor can help you understand all of these tests, and together you'll decide on the best treatment plan for you.


Question: How can you do self-exams for breast cancer?

Answer: That's why it's important to get mammograms as recommended, to be familiar with how your breasts usually look, and to report any changes to your doctor ASAP. Breast cancer risk is on the rise: The lifetime risk of a woman getting breast cancer in the U. S. was around 5%, or 1 in 20, in 1940. This depends on: The quality of the test Getting screened as often as you need to Doing what your doctor says afterward It's a good idea to know how your breasts normally look and feel so you can notice any changes. Your doctor is most likely to use this if you have dense breasts. It's also an option if you're at high risk for breast cancer and you can't have an MRI or if you're pregnant so you aren't exposed to X-rays from a mammogram. The decision to get a mammogram every other year from age 40 to 49 is up to you and your doctor. The only way to confirm cancer is for a doctor to do a needle aspiration or surgical breast biopsy to collect and test tissue for cancer cells. If you're diagnosed with breast cancer, you and your doctor will need to know what type it is and how advanced it is.


Question: How do I prevent getting infected with tapeworms?

Answer: But they won't kill the eggs, which can still cause infections. Here are some other ways to prevent them: Keep your fingernails clipped short. To help prevent tapeworms, try these things: Don't eat raw or undercooked beef, pork, or fish. If you have a dog with tapeworm, treat it right away.