Question: What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children?

Answer: Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Not everyone with GERD has heartburn, but the primary symptoms of GERD are heartburn, regurgitation, and an acid taste in the mouth. Heartburn usually is described as a burning pain in the middle of the chest. It may start high in the abdomen or may extend up the neck or back. Sometimes the pain may be sharp or pressure-like, rather than burning. Such pain can mimic heart pain (angina). Typically, heartburn related to GERD is seen more commonly after a meal. Other symptoms of GERD include: Hoarseness; if acid reflux gets past the upper esophageal sphincter, it can enter the throat (pharynx) and even the voice box (larynx), causing hoarseness or sore throat. Laryngitis Chronic dry cough, especially at night; GERD is a common cause of unexplained coughing. It is not clear how cough is caused or aggravated by GERD. Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: When should you call your doctor about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Feeling as if there is a lump in your throat Sudden increase of saliva Bad breath In infants and children, GERD can produce these symptoms: Recurrent vomiting Coughing Breathing problems A failure to thrive You regularly need to take over-the-counter medicine for heartburn or your heartburn symptoms persist after taking the drug Your symptoms also include weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, dark-colored stools, or vomiting Seek immediate emergency medical help ( Call 911) for any chest pain or breathing problems.


Question: Why is it hard to tell if smoking marijuana causes cancer?

Answer: Another problem is that many people who smoke marijuana also smoke tobacco, sometimes mixed in the same cigarette. So if they get lung cancer, it's impossible to sort out what substance caused it. Some marijuana smokers in the studies have been fairly young, which could skew the results. Cancers can take time to grow.


Question: Can smoking marijuana prevent cancer?

Answer: Animal research suggests that some chemicals in marijuana work against tumor growth, which could explain why lung cancer isn't showing up as often as scientists might expect in people who smoke it. The studies on this are in their early days, and researchers need to take a deeper look into this theory.


Question: Can smoking marijuana cause lung cancer?

Answer: Even as more people use it, health experts aren't sure whether smoking pot raises your odds of getting lung cancer. Tar, the sticky stuff left after burning, has high levels of harmful substances, and it's concentrated at the end of a joint. When scientists looked at lung tissue of some people who smoked weed regularly, they found changes that are known to signal the future growth of cancer.


Question: What are the two types of mastectomy?

Answer: There are two kinds: A lumpectomy removes the tumor and a small cancer-free area of tissue surrounding the tumor. A quadrantectomy removes the tumor and more of the breast tissue than a lumpectomy. In some cases, more surgery is required after a partial mastectomy. Sometimes, if cancer cells are still in breast tissue, it may be necessary to remove the entire breast.


Question: What does the right type of mastectomy depend on?

Answer: The type of mastectomy that's right for you depends on several things, including: Your age General health Menopause status Tumor size Tumor stage (how far it's spread) Tumor grade (its aggressiveness) Tumor's hormone receptor status Whether or not lymph nodes are involved With this procedure, also called simple mastectomy, your doctor removes your entire breast, including the nipple.


Question: What is a total mastectomy?

Answer: The type of mastectomy that's right for you depends on several things, including: Your age General health Menopause status Tumor size Tumor stage (how far it's spread) Tumor grade (its aggressiveness) Tumor's hormone receptor status Whether or not lymph nodes are involved With this procedure, also called simple mastectomy, your doctor removes your entire breast, including the nipple. Your lymph nodes, the small glands that are part of your immune system, may sometimes be removed from your underarm. You're most likely to have a total mastectomy if the cancer has not spread beyond the breast or if you're having a preventative mastectomy to lower your risk of getting breast cancer.


Question: What is a preventative mastectomy?

Answer: Women who have a high risk of breast cancer may choose to have a preventive mastectomy, also called prophylactic mastectomy. In some cases, women have both breasts removed. This is called a double mastectomy. Some women who've had breast cancer in one breast will decide to have a preventive mastectomy to remove the other breast. A radical mastectomy is the complete removal of the breast, including the nipple.


Question: What is a radical mastectomy?

Answer: In the past, a radical mastectomy with complete removal of the breast, lymph nodes in the underarm, and some chest muscles under the breasts, was the standard treatment for breast cancer. The surgeon also removes the overlying skin, the muscles beneath the breast, and the lymph nodes. Because radical mastectomy typically isn't more effective than less extreme forms of mastectomy, it's rarely performed today. It's only recommended when the cancer has spread to the chest muscle.


Question: What treats are good for my dog if he has diabetes?

Answer: Avoid snacks that list syrup, molasses, fructose, dextrose, or maltose on the ingredients label. Homemade dehydrated meats, carrots, snap peas, and even canned pumpkin are good options. Balancing insulin and food is like a relay race. The body constantly processes food and insulin between meals and injections.


Question: Does regular exercise help dogs with diabetes?

Answer: Regular exercise will also help your pooch lose weight and lower blood sugar levels. It’s best to have your dog exercise for the same length of time and at the same intensity every day. An unusually long or vigorous workout could cause blood sugar levels to drop too low.


Question: What is the best diet for dogs with diabetes?

Answer: Like humans, when dogs have diabetes, staying trim is key. Most vets recommend a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Fiber slows the entrance of glucose into the bloodstream and helps your dog feel full. Low-fat foods have fewer calories. Together, the diet can help your dog eat less and lose weight.


Question: What is heart failure and how is it related to breathing issues?

Answer: Even though âfailureâ is in the name, it doesn't mean that your heart stops beating. It means that it's weak. Shortness of breath and feeling tired can be signs of the condition. Often people also have swelling in their ankles, feet, legs, and mid-section because the heart is not strong enough to pump blood properly. In the early stages of heart failure, you may have trouble breathing after exercise, getting dressed, or walking across a room. But as the heart gets weaker, you may feel breathless even when you lie down. See your doctor if that's happening to you. She can recommend medicines and treatments that can help.


Question: What is tachycardia?

Answer: Tachycardia is a fast heart rate -- usually more than 100 beats per minute in an adult. There are several kinds, but one that may cause shortness of breath is SVT, or atrial tachycardia. In SVT, the heart rate speeds up because the heart's electrical signals don't fire properly. People who have SVT and are short of breath should get medical help right away. Your doctor may recommend other things that can help, too, like quitting smoking and drinking less coffee and alcohol.


Question: Are breathing problems ever related to the heart?

Answer: Breathing problems can happen for many reasons, like being out of shape, congestion, fever, or asthma. But in some cases, they're a sign that something is wrong with your heart. Whatever the reason, always take breathing issues seriously. Tell your doctor so he can help you figure out the cause.


Question: How can pulmonary edema affect your breathing?

Answer: It means that it's weak. When that happens, pressure in the heart builds up and pushes fluid into the lungs' air sacs, where it doesn't belong. Breathing problems may happen over time, or they may come all of a sudden. Cardiomyopathy is a serious problem with the heart muscle that makes it hard for it to pump and send blood to the body.


Question: Should I check with my doctor if I have breathing problems?

Answer: If you have a breathing problem, you need to see a doctor. He will examine you and may want check your blood or do other tests to find out what's going on. You might want to make notes about how you feel and bring them to your appointment. The more your doctor knows, the better.


Question: Should you use your asthma rescue inhaler before you exercise?

Answer: You should always carry a rescue inhaler, such as albuterol, with you. They work quickly to open up your airways. Use your rescue inhaler 10-15 minutes before exercising, even if you don't have symptoms. Although it won't help your asthma, taking an antihistamine 60-90 minutes before going outside can help ease itchy eyes and a runny nose from pollen.


Question: if you have asthma and a pollen allergy, when should you exercise?

Answer: Everyone is different, but the most common triggers are: Cats Mold Pollen Dust mites Cockroaches Your doctor can help you figure out what your triggers are. Check online for your local pollen count before you head out. When the pollen count is extra high, pass on your run or soccer game and exercise indoors that day instead.


Question: How should people with allergic asthma breathe during exercise?

Answer: A few simple stretches and maybe a short walk before you run or pick up your tennis racket can set you up to make it through your exercise without breathing problems. If you need to breathe through your mouth, purse your lips close together so they form an " O." That will help warm the air, too.


Question: How are hives and angioedema treated?

Answer: The best treatment is to identify and remove the trigger. But that's not always easy. Your doctor may prescribe antihistamines to ease your symptoms or help prevent them. If you have chronic hives, you may need antihistamines or a combination of medications, such as steroids or a biologic drug. For severe hives or angioedema, you may need an injection of epinephrine or a steroid medication.


Question: What drugs can cause hives?

Answer: Drugs that can cause hives and angioedema include aspirin and other NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen), high blood pressure medications (such as ACE inhibitors), and painkillers such as codeine.


Question: What foods cause hives?

Answer: The most common foods that cause hives are nuts, chocolate, fish, tomatoes, eggs, fresh berries, soy, wheat, and milk. Fresh foods cause hives more often than cooked foods. Certain food additives and preservatives may also be to blame.


Question: What are hives?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hives are swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly. They can happen because of allergies or other reasons. Your doctor may call them urticaria. Hives usually itch, but they may also burn or sting. They can show up anywhere on your body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, and ears. They range in size from a pencil eraser to a dinner plate and may join together to form larger areas known as plaques. They can last for hours, weeks, or even years.


Question: What causes dermatographism?

Answer: Dermatographism are hives that form after firmly stroking or scratching the skin. You may also have other forms of hives.


Question: When should I call the doctor about hives and angioedema?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you many questions to try to find the cause of hives or angioedema.


Question: What are some simple tips to treat hives and angioedema?

Answer: While you wait for the hives and swelling to disappear: Avoid hot water. Use lukewarm water instead. Use gentle, mild soap. Apply cool compresses or wet cloths to the affected areas. Try to work and sleep in a cool room. Wear loose-fitting lightweight clothes.


Question: What causes acute urticaria?

Answer: Acute urticaria and/or angioedema are hives or swelling lasting less than 6 weeks. The most common causes are foods, medicines, latex, and infections. Insect bites or a disease may also be responsible.


Question: How are hives and angioedema diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may give you skin tests to find out if you're allergic to something. You may get blood tests, too.


Question: What causes physical urticaria?

Answer: Physical urticaria are hives caused by direct physical stimulation of the skin -- for example, cold, heat, sunlight, vibration, pressure, sweating, and exercise. They usually happen right where the skin was affected and rarely appear anywhere else. Most appear within 1 hour after exposure.


Question: What causes hereditary angioedema?

Answer: The swelling happens under the skin, not on the surface. It runs in families.


Question: Does ADHD coexist with other medical conditions?

Answer: ADHD often coexists with other conditions, such as learning disabilities, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Some symptoms may overlap with other medical conditions, as well.


Question: What are some inattentive ADHD-related behaviors?

Answer: People who are inattentive have a hard time keeping their mind focused on one thing and may get bored with a task after only a few minutes. Focusing conscious, deliberate attention to organizing and completing routine tasks may be difficult. Often they lose track of things or forget things easily. You may notice restlessness, procrastination, problems remembering obligations, trouble staying seated during meetings or activities, or starting multiple projects at the same time but rarely finishing them.


Question: What are some impulsive ADHD-related behaviors?

Answer: People who are overly impulsive seem unable to think before they act. As a result, they may blurt out answers to questions or inappropriate comments, or run into the street without looking. Their impulsivity may make it difficult for them to wait for things they want or to take their turn in games. They may grab a toy from another child or hit when they are upset. They often have difficulty making and keeping friends.


Question: When should I call a doctor about ADHD?

Answer: You or your child shows symptoms of ADHD. Because the disorder can be difficult to assess, be sure to see a doctor who is experienced with diagnosing and treating ADHD and similar problems.


Question: What are some hyperactive ADHD-related behaviors?

Answer: They can't sit still and may dash around or talk incessantly. Children with ADHD are unable to sit still and pay attention in class. They may roam around the room, squirm in their seats, wiggle their feet, touch everything or noisily tap a pencil. Older adolescents and adults with ADHD may feel intensely restless. Impulsivity. People who are overly impulsive seem unable to think before they act.


Question: What information should I report if an animal has rabies?

Answer: Notify the local health department or animal control about the animal's possible whereabouts. If the animal is a pet, get owner's contact information.


Question: What can I do to help with sun sensitivity because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You may be more sensitive to sunlight in the months following treatment. Stay out of direct sunlight, especially when the sun's rays are the strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Use sunscreen (look for a âbroad-spectrumâ product with a SPF of 30 or higher) and lip balm with sunscreen. Wear long pants, long sleeve shirts, and wide-brimmed hat when outdoors.


Question: What can I do to help with taste changes because of chemotherapy?

Answer: Some types of chemotherapy can affect your sense of taste. Follow these tips to better enjoy eating: Red meat may taste different to you. If so, try poultry, mild-flavored fish, or dairy products instead. If your favorite foods taste different, avoid them so you don't develop a distaste for them. If foods taste metallic, try eating with plastic utensils. Use a sweet marinade to help bring flavor to your main dish.


Question: What complementary and alternative medicines can be used for the side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer: Some people have found it helps relieve nausea and vomiting. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation may also help stop these side effects.


Question: What are some ways to manage fatigue during chemotherapy?

Answer: You may find yourself feeling tired, but there are ways to help manage that. Rest or take short naps during the day. Exercise. A short walk may boost your energy. Ask family or friends for help when you need it. Focus your energy on important things. If you just can't shake the feeling of being tired, check with your doctor. In some patients, chemotherapy can lead to anemia and low red blood cell counts. Your doctor can test your blood and treat you if necessary.


Question: What can I do to help nausea and vomiting because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You can help ease nausea and vomiting by changing your eating patterns: Eat five or six small meals rather than three big ones. Take your time when you eat and drink. Drink an hour before or after meals rather than when you eat. Apple juice, tea, and flat ginger ale may help. Avoid strong-smelling foods. Strong smells can sometimes bring on nausea. Pass on sweets, and fried and fatty foods, which may make you queasy.


Question: What can I do to help with fatigue because of chemotherapy?

Answer: You may find yourself feeling tired, but there are ways to help manage that. Rest or take short naps during the day. Exercise. A short walk may boost your energy. Ask family or friends for help when you need it. Focus your energy on important things. If you just can't shake the feeling of being tired, check with your doctor. In some patients, chemotherapy can lead to anemia and low red blood cell counts. Your doctor can test your blood and treat you if necessary.


Question: How can someone ease nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy?

Answer: You can help ease nausea and vomiting by changing your eating patterns: Eat five or six small meals rather than three big ones. Take your time when you eat and drink. Drink an hour before or after meals rather than when you eat. Apple juice, tea, and flat ginger ale may help. Avoid strong-smelling foods. Strong smells can sometimes bring on nausea. Pass on sweets, and fried and fatty foods, which may make you queasy. Your doctor may prescribe anti-nausea drugs. These are usually given to prevent you from feeling nauseous. Talk to your doctor about the best anti-nausea drug for you. Sometimes you may need to try different drugs until you find one that helps you the most.


Question: What medications can be used to help the side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe anti-nausea drugs. These are usually given to prevent you from feeling nauseous. Talk to your doctor about the best anti-nausea drug for you. Sometimes you may need to try different drugs until you find one that helps you the most.


Question: What can I do to help with "chemo brain"?

Answer: Try these tips to help manage some common side effects. Some people have found it helps relieve nausea and vomiting. Keep your brain active. You could take a class, attend lectures, or do word puzzles. Eat well, and get enough exercise and sleep. Focus on one thing at a time.


Question: How can someone help their sun sensitivity during chemotherapy?

Answer: Sometimes you may need to try different drugs until you find one that helps you the most. Stay out of direct sunlight, especially when the sun's rays are the strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Use sunscreen (look for a âbroad-spectrumâ product with a SPF of 30 or higher) and lip balm with sunscreen. Wear long pants, long sleeve shirts, and wide-brimmed hat when outdoors.


Question: What are some natural alternatives to relieve nausea and vomiting?

Answer: Try these tips to help manage some common side effects. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation may also help stop these side effects. Some people feel short-term mental fog after treatment.


Question: What is chemotherapy used for?

Answer: The type of chemo drugs you use can affect your experience. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation may also help stop these side effects.


Question: What is the treatment for misshapen or asymmetric breasts?

Answer: When breast size or shape changes a lot after breastfeeding, some women consider cosmetic surgery. A breast lift, called a mastopexy, can be performed to help sagging and to reposition the nipple and areola (the dark circle around the nipple) higher on the breast.


Question: Should I be screened for breast problems if I'm breastfeeding?

Answer: Most breast problems after breastfeeding are cosmetic changes, not real medical concerns. But it's wise to stay up to date on your regular breast screening tests to ensure your breast health.


Question: How can breast self-exams help with breast problems after breastfeeding?

Answer: Breast self-exams are a simple way to keep tabs on your breast health and changes. Examine your breasts once a month, even while breastfeeding. It's especially important to examine your breasts in the months after you stop breastfeeding, as the shape and size of your breasts change. Report any lumps or unusual nipple discharge to your doctor. Some lumps can even extend to the armpit. Most lumps are benign, meaning they are not cancer. But they still should be checked for breast cancer.


Question: Do asymmetric or uneven breasts come from breastfeeding?

Answer: After breastfeeding, both the fatty tissue and connective tissue in your breasts may shift. It's possible for one breast to return to its pre-pregnancy size while the other stays larger, droops, or flattens more. Some women end up with one breast a full cup size smaller or larger than the other after breastfeeding and simply learn to love the body that nourished their babies -- no matter what its shape. It's especially important to examine your breasts in the months after you stop breastfeeding, as the shape and size of your breasts change.


Question: Why does your breast sag or become flat after feeding?

Answer: Throughout your life -- and especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding -- the size and shape of your breasts can change. Some women end up with one breast a full cup size smaller or larger than the other after breastfeeding and simply learn to love the body that nourished their babies -- no matter what its shape. A breast exam by your doctor can evaluate whether a breast problem after breastfeeding needs medical attention.


Question: How can a mammogram help with breast problems after breastfeeding?

Answer: But it's wise to stay up to date on your regular breast screening tests to ensure your breast health. If you have a breast problem after breastfeeding, your doctor may advise a mammogram right away, rather than waiting for your regularly scheduled yearly or biannual mammogram. It's also safe to have a mammogram while breastfeeding if you need one.


Question: Does breastfeeding prevent breast cancer?

Answer: It's a common cosmetic breast problem after breastfeeding, but it isn't a medical concern. Many women have uneven breasts before becoming pregnant as well as after breastfeeding.


Question: How can a breast exam by your doctor help with breast problems after breastfeeding?

Answer: Report any lumps or unusual nipple discharge to your doctor. Have your doctor perform a breast exam once a year or any time you notice unusual breast changes after breastfeeding.


Question: What medications can cause too much saliva?

Answer: Diseases and health conditions that can cause too much saliva include: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease Bell's palsy Cerebral palsy Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Enlarged tongue (macroglossia) Intellectual disability Parkinson's disease Poisoning Pregnancy (usually seen in those with extreme nausea and vomiting) Rabies Stroke Medications that can cause too much saliva include: Some seizure medicines such as Klonopin (clonazepam) Schizophrenia medicine called clozapine ( Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT) Salagen (pilocarpine), used to treat dry mouth in people who have radiation therapy There are many medical names for excess saliva.


Question: What causes too little saliva and dry mouth?

Answer: Too little saliva and dry mouth can be caused by: Certain diseases such as HIV/ AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes, and Parkinson's Blockage in one or more tubes that drain saliva (salivary duct obstruction) Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Dehydration " Fight or flight" stress response Structural problem with a salivary duct Smoking cigarettes Hundreds of commonly used medicines are known to affect saliva flow and cause dry mouth, such as: Antihistamines Anxiety medicines Appetite suppressants Certain types of blood pressure drugs Diuretics (water pills) Most antidepressants Certain pain medicines (analgesics) Always ask your health-care provider about side effects you might have when taking a medication.


Question: What can I do if I have too little saliva?

Answer: Try these tips to help keep your salivary glands healthy and your mouth moist and comfortable: Drink plenty of water Chew sugar-free gum Suck on sugar-free candy If dry mouth persists, your doctor or dentist may recommend rinsing your mouth with artificial saliva. Artificial saliva is a liquid or spray sold without a prescription. It can be used as often as needed. Artificial saliva helps keep your mouth moist and comfortable.


Question: How is saliva produced?

Answer: The harder you chew, the more saliva you make. Sucking on a hard candy or cough drop helps you make saliva, too. The glands that make saliva are called salivary glands. The salivary glands sit inside each cheek, at the bottom of your mouth, and near your front teeth by the jaw bone. There are six major salivary glands and hundreds of minor ones. Saliva moves through tubes called salivary ducts. Normally, the body makes up to 2 to 4 pints of saliva a day. Usually, the body makes the most saliva in the late afternoon. It makes the least amount at night. But everyone is different. What doctors consider to be a normal amount of saliva varies quite a bit. That makes diagnosing saliva problems a bit of a challenge.


Question: When should you see a doctor about too much saliva?

Answer: If you have a lot of saliva all the time, tell your health-care provider. It could be the side effect of a medication or the result of a medical condition or disease.


Question: Is too much saliva normal?

Answer: Too much saliva is usually not something to worry about unless it persists. It's normal to make more or less saliva depending on what you eat or drink. Your body usually takes care of excess saliva by swallowing more.


Question: What diseases and health conditions can cause too much saliva?

Answer: Diseases and health conditions that can cause too much saliva include: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease Bell's palsy Cerebral palsy Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Enlarged tongue (macroglossia) Intellectual disability Parkinson's disease Poisoning Pregnancy (usually seen in those with extreme nausea and vomiting) Rabies Stroke Medications that can cause too much saliva include: Some seizure medicines such as Klonopin (clonazepam) Schizophrenia medicine called clozapine ( Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT) Salagen (pilocarpine), used to treat dry mouth in people who have radiation therapy There are many medical names for excess saliva.


Question: When is surgery needed for too much saliva?

Answer: If you have severe drooling, your doctor may suggest Botox injections into one or more salivary glands. This type of surgery usually provides a permanent cure for excess saliva.


Question: What does it mean to have too little saliva?

Answer: If you do not make enough saliva, your mouth can become quite dry. This condition is called dry mouth (xerostomia). Dry mouth causes the gums, tongue, and other tissues in the mouth to become swollen and uncomfortable. Germs thrive in this type of setting. A germy, dry mouth leads to bad breath. Dry mouth also makes you more likely to develop rapid tooth decay and gum (periodontal) disease. That's because saliva helps clear food particles from your teeth. This helps reduce your risk for cavities. If you have dry mouth, you may also notice you do not taste things like you used to. Too little saliva and dry mouth can be caused by: Certain diseases such as HIV/ AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes, and Parkinson's Blockage in one or more tubes that drain saliva (salivary duct obstruction) Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Dehydration " Fight or flight" stress response Structural problem with a salivary duct Smoking cigarettes Hundreds of commonly used medicines are known to affect saliva flow and cause dry mouth, such as: Antihistamines Anxiety medicines Appetite suppressants Certain types of blood pressure drugs Diuretics (water pills) Most antidepressants Certain pain medicines (analgesics) Always ask your health-care provider about side effects you might have when taking a medication.


Question: How is testicular torsion treated?

Answer: Testicular torsion requires immediate medical attention. Treatment usually involves correction of the problem through surgery or manual detorsion. Testicular function may be saved if the condition is diagnosed and corrected immediately. If the blood supply to the testicle is cut off for a long period of time, the testicle can become permanently damaged and may need to be removed.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of pneumonia?

Answer: Sometimes it starts out as the flu. You may feel short of breath or get other symptoms like: Coughing up yellow-green or bloody phlegm Fever Chills Localized chest pain when you breathe in See your doctor if any of those happen to you or you think you might have pneumonia.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of allergies?

Answer: Anything you're allergic to can make it harder to breathe, and result in a congested chest, watery eyes, and wheezing. Pollen, dust, and pet dander (tiny flecks of skin shed by animals) are some common culprits. There are lots of ways to get relief. Drugs like antihistamines and decongestants may help. So may regular allergy shots.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of asthma?

Answer: Your symptoms may include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Hoarseness Coughing up blood Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia If you have it, your swollen airways are sensitive to things you're exposed to every day, like allergy triggers such as pollen, air pollutants, or chemicals in your workplace. The disease tends to run in families. With asthma, you may notice a wheezing sound when you breathe. Sometimes you only have it after you exercise or when you have a cold. Your chest may also feel tight. And you might have a cough at night or get short of breath. A lot of medicines can help, including inhalers that you breathe in to give you quick relief.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer: It's sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis, and it can make you short of breath. Smoking causes this disease most of the time. When you have COPD, the airways in your lungs get inflamed and thicken, which means less oxygen comes in and less carbon dioxide goes out. Over time, the shortness of breath gets worse. Your doctor can give you medication to help you manage the symptoms. If the problems get worse, you may need to use an oxygen tank to help with your breathing trouble.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of a heart attack?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you also have any of these: Pressure or squeezing in the center of your chest Pain in your arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach Feeling short of breath Sweating, nausea, light-headedness It's a serious condition that starts when your heart doesn't pump as strongly as it should.


Question: Are your lungs congested because of lung cancer?

Answer: Smoking causes this disease most of the time. Your symptoms may include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Hoarseness Coughing up blood Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia If you have it, your swollen airways are sensitive to things you're exposed to every day, like allergy triggers such as pollen, air pollutants, or chemicals in your workplace.


Question: What helps fragile hair caused by lupus?

Answer: Try these tips to keep your hair healthy and look your best: For fragile hair: Avoid pulling your hair. Don't put stress on your hair by using curlers, chemical treatments like coloring or straightening, and hot combs or curling irons. Wash with baby shampoo and a leave-in conditioner with sunblock.


Question: What should you do when you have rashes caused by lupus?

Answer: If you have a butterfly-shaped rash on your face or other rashes, ask your doctor if corticosteroid creams, ointments, gels, or injections can help.


Question: What helps minor thinning or bald patches caused by lupus?

Answer: For minor thinning or bald patches: Treat yourself to a new hairstyle. Ask your stylist to suggest a short, layered cut that can help hide the areas and make your hair look thicker. Hair extensions are an option for thin spots on the side of your head if you aren't actively losing hair. But protect your scalp: Avoid chemicals, glues, and heat, and don't make them tight, or you could pull out weak hair.


Question: What are the treatments when lupus affects the skin on the inside of your nose and mouth?

Answer: Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose. If you have sores in your mouth, gargle many times a day with hydrogen peroxide or buttermilk mixed with a little water. Ask your doctor about special mouthwash or dental paste that can help healing. For sores in your nose, try soothing them with petroleum jelly.


Question: How can you prevent Raynaud's phenomenon caused by lupus?

Answer: Also avoid caffeine and cigarettes, which can make this problem worse. Try these tips to keep your hair healthy and look your best: For fragile hair: Avoid pulling your hair. Consider joining a support group if you find that changes in the way you look are affecting your self-esteem.


Question: How can I cover uneven skin color caused by lupus?

Answer: Cover up. Try green hues to offset redness. Bleaching creams with hydroquinone can help dark spots. Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose.


Question: What are treatment options for scars caused by lupus?

Answer: If you have a butterfly-shaped rash on your face or other rashes, ask your doctor if corticosteroid creams, ointments, gels, or injections can help. You can also consider laser therapy for red or dark spots. But these are only an option if your lupus is not active, so get your doctor's OK first.


Question: How can you protect your skin from the sun when you have lupus?

Answer: Try these prevention tips: Use sunscreen every day. Choose a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 . To make sure you're protected against both types of UV rays, check the label to see that it contains mexoryl or avobenzone (chemical blockers), or zinc oxide or titanium dioxide (physical blockers). Avoid peak sun hours. Try to stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when sunlight is the strongest. Exercise outdoors in the early morning or late afternoon or evening. Cover up. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when you're outside. Also use UV-filtering, polarized sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat.


Question: How do UV rays affect your skin when you have lupus?

Answer: UV rays can also trigger patches of raised sores and even worsen the disease overall. Lupus can also affect the skin on the inside of your mouth and nose.


Question: Are there different types of tests for color blindness?

Answer: Ishihara color test. This checks for red-green color blindness. The doctor will ask you to look at a series of circles (also called plates) with dots of different colors and sizes. Some of the dots form shapes or one- or two-digit numbers. If you have trouble seeing red and green, those shapes will be hard to see, or you may not see them at all. Cambridge color test. This is a lot like the Ishihara test, except that you look at a computer screen. You'll try to find a â Câ shape that's a different color than the background. It pops up randomly. When you see it, you press one of four keys. Anomaloscope. You look through an eyepiece and see a circle. The top half of the circle is a yellow light. The bottom half is made up of red and green lights. You turn knobs until both halves are the same color and brightness. Doctors use this test to check for trouble seeing red and green. Farnsworth- Munsell 100 hue test. This uses blocks or pegs that are different shades of the same color. Your task is to line them up a certain way. This test checks to see if you can pick up slight color changes.


Question: How do I live with color blindness?

Answer: Some people are color blind and don't know it. You can still drive, work, and live a normal life. You may need to find other ways to do some things, though. Some people with red-and-green color blindness wear special contact lenses. Others download apps to help them with colors.


Question: What conditions not tied to your liver can raise your aspartate aminotransferase level?

Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test.


Question: Why would you need an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus.


Question: What can cause a false positive aspartate aminotransferase test result?

Answer: These other conditions not tied to your liver can also raise your AST level: Burns Heart attack Intense exercise Muscle injury Pregnancy Pancreatitis Seizures Surgery Some diseases or medicines you take can cause a âfalse positiveâ result on the AST test. This means your test is positive, even though you don't have liver damage. Any of these can cause a false positive result: Diabetic ketoacidosis ( Your body can't make enough insulin, which helps sugar enter your cells.)


Question: What happens during an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: A nurse or lab tech will take a sample of your blood -- usually from a vein in your arm. She will first tie a band around the upper part of your arm to make your vein fill with blood and swell up. Then she will clean an area on your arm with an antiseptic and put a needle in one of your veins. Your blood will go into a vial or tube. The blood test should only take a couple of minutes. After your blood is drawn, the lab tech will take off the band and pull out the needle. She'll put a piece of gauze and a bandage where the needle went in to stop the bleeding.


Question: Why do you need other tests in addition to an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Some antibiotics, such as erythromycin estolate or para-aminosalicylic acid ( Paser) AST is usually done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. It's often ordered with a test for alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), another liver enzyme. ALT is more accurate than AST at detecting liver disease. It can more accurately show whether the problem is in your liver or in another part of your body, like your heart or muscles. Your doctor can compare the amount of ALT to AST in your blood to find out whether you have liver damage or a problem with another organ, such as your heart.


Question: What are other reasons for an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor can order an AST test if you have symptoms of liver damage, such as: Yellow skin or eyes, called jaundice Tiredness Weakness Swollen belly Stomach pain Appetite loss Itchy skin Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Swelling in your legs and ankles Bruises Other reasons to have this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus. You drink a lot of alcohol. You take medicine that's known to damage the liver. You have a family history of liver disease. You have obesity. You have diabetes or metabolic syndrome. You've had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Your doctor might also want you to get this test to see if treatments you take for liver disease are working. The AST test is also part of a comprehensive metabolic panel -- a blood test your doctor does as part of a routine exam.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your doctor might also do other tests of enzymes and proteins your liver makes, such as: Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) Bilirubin Total protein Talk with your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. Also find out how these results might affect your treatment.


Question: How do you prepare for an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: You don't need any special preparation for the ALT test. Tell your doctor what drugs or supplements you take. Some medicines can affect the results of this test.


Question: What is an aspartate aminotransferase test?

Answer: Your liver is an organ that has many important jobs. Other organs, like your heart, kidneys, brain, and muscles, also make smaller amounts. Normally, AST levels in your blood are low. When your liver is damaged, it puts more AST into your blood, and your levels rise. A high AST level is a sign of liver damage, but it can also mean you have damage to another organ that makes it, like your heart or kidneys. That's why doctors often do the AST test together with tests of other liver enzymes. Your doctor might also want you to get this test to see if treatments you take for liver disease are working. The AST blood test is safe.


Question: When should you make an appointment about the symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer: Make an appointment if you have any of these other symptoms: You have to pee more often than usual. Your urine changes color. It hurts or burns when you pee. You feel like you have to pee -- even if your bladder's not full. You can't pee, or you pee very little. If you notice any of these things, call your doctor, but don't panic. Having these symptoms doesn't mean you have cancer. You could have a urinary tract infection, bladder infection, or some other less serious condition.


Question: What can happen once bladder cancer starts to spread?

Answer: Once bladder cancer starts to spread, you may notice that: You can't pee, even when you feel like you have to. Your lower back hurts. You're losing weight without trying. You're not as hungry as usual. You have swollen feet. Your bones hurt. You often feel extremely tired or weak. Again, see your doctor if any of these things happen to you. They more likely signal that you have something other than bladder cancer.


Question: What are the symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer: It may be just a little, or it can be enough to change the color of your pee. It may turn orange, pink, or darker red. You may see blood one day, but not the next. If you have bladder cancer, the blood eventually comes back. In some cases, you can't see blood in your urine. Your doctor or lab tech will only detect it with a urine test.


Question: How does your body make growth hormone?

Answer: Growth hormone is made by the pituitary gland. It's a pea-sized gland near the center of your head, just below the front of the brain and behind your nose.


Question: What will you need to do before you take a growth hormone stimulation test?

Answer: If you need to take a growth hormone stimulation test, you may need to: Fast: Some medical experts recommend up to 12 hours without food before the test. Talk to your doctor about this beforehand to find out what you should do in your case. Avoid certain medications: These include insulin, birth control pills, and the herb St. John's wort. If you take these or any other medicines, talk to your doctor to see what you need to do. Don't exercise: Workouts 10 hours or less before the test can throw off resting hormone levels.


Question: How do you take medications to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.


Question: What medicines help with food digestion in people with diabetes?

Answer: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose. You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.


Question: Can weight loss surgery help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Weight loss surgery gets rid of extra pounds. And that alone will help control your blood sugar. But it also raises the level of hormones in your gut called incretins. These tell your pancreas to make insulin. Over time, you may be able to take less medication.


Question: How do injectable drugs help treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Injectable drugs slow how quickly food leaves your stomach and make you feel full. And they tell your liver to back off making glucose around mealtimes. GLP-1 receptor agonists help your pancreas make insulin. Some of them you take every day, while others last a week. Pramlintide ( Symlin) acts like a hormone, amylin, that your pancreas sends out with insulin. You only take it if you're also using insulin.


Question: How are types of insulin for type 2 diabetes grouped?

Answer: Types of insulin are grouped by how fast they start to work and how long their effects last. You might have to use more than one kind of insulin. Some insulins come pre-mixed.


Question: How do you treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You have lots of options to manage diabetes. Food, exercise, and medication work together to bring your blood sugar under control. Your doctor will help you figure out if you need to take medicine, which kind is right for you, and how often you should take it. Over your lifetime, you'll probably handle your disease in different ways. Sometimes medications stop working, and you'll have to switch. You'll need to adjust to changes in your body as you age. And researchers are looking for new diabetes medicines and ways to treat it.


Question: How are pills used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: M edications are often the first kind of medicine people with type 2 diabetes try when diet and exercise alone aren't enough to keep their blood sugar in a healthy range. There are many of them, and they work in different ways.


Question: How can physical activity help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: From working out to doing chores, activity lowers your blood sugar. It helps your cells use insulin. It also helps your muscles use glucose. Make sure you check your blood sugar before and after exercise.


Question: What medications are used to treat type 2 diabete and how do they work?

Answer: This group includes metformin, one of the most commonly used drugs to treat diabetes. It tells your liver to hang on to some of the glucose it makes. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas. These medications tell your pancreas to make more insulin. DPP-4 inhibitors keep your body from breaking down hormones that give your pancreas the "go" signal for insulin. This means they work longer when you need to lower your blood sugar after a meal. Thiazolidinediones, TZDs, or glitazones. These medicines help insulin work better. They lower insulin resistance from your cells so your pancreas doesn't have to work as hard. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose.


Question: How do I take insulin for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Types of insulin are grouped by how fast they start to work and how long their effects last. You might have to use more than one kind of insulin. Some insulins come pre-mixed. You can take insulin in one of several ways: Injections with a needle and syringe. Insulin pump .


Question: Why do I need to check my blood sugar if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: How much and when you eat are important, too. Your blood glucose number tells you how well your treatment is working. Your doctor will let you know how many times a day you need to check it. It depends on what diabetes medications you're taking.


Question: How does insulin help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Insulin therapy could be a short-term fix for a stressful situation or because other medicines aren't enough to control their blood sugar. You'll need to make lifestyle changes to help you successfully manage type 2 diabetes.


Question: How can you take insulin for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take insulin in one of several ways: Injections with a needle and syringe. Insulin pump .


Question: What can your blood sugar tell you if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: How much and when you eat are important, too. Your blood glucose number tells you how well your treatment is working. Your doctor will let you know how many times a day you need to check it. It depends on what diabetes medications you're taking.


Question: How can diet and exercise help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: And that alone will help control your blood sugar. Doctors usually recommend weight loss surgery only for men who are at least 100 pounds overweight and women with at least 80 extra pounds.


Question: What can help to manage your type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Food, exercise, and medication work together to bring your blood sugar under control. Your doctor will help you figure out if you need to take medicine, which kind is right for you, and how often you should take it. Over your lifetime, you'll probably handle your disease in different ways. Sometimes medications stop working, and you'll have to switch. You'll need to adjust to changes in your body as you age. And researchers are looking for new diabetes medicines and ways to treat it. You'll need to make lifestyle changes to help you successfully manage type 2 diabetes.


Question: What are the symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of a UTI can include: A burning feeling when you pee A frequent or intense urge to pee, even though little comes out when you do Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling pee Feeling tired or shaky Fever or chills (a sign that the infection may have reached your kidneys) Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen An infection can happen in different parts of your urinary tract.


Question: What are the treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: If you have three or more UTIs a year, ask your doctor to recommend a treatment plan. Some options include taking: A low dose of an antibiotic over a longer period to help prevent repeat infections A single dose of an antibiotic after sex, which is a common infection trigger Antibiotics for 1 or 2 days every time symptoms appear At-home urine tests, which you can get without a prescription, can help you decide whether you need to call your doctor.


Question: How likely am I to get urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: Some experts rank your lifetime risk of getting one as high as 1 in 2, with many women having repeat infections, sometimes for years.


Question: How effective is cranberry juice for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: The urethra -- the tube that takes pee from the bladder to the outside of the body -- is close to the anus. Cranberry juice is often promoted to prevent or treat UTIs. The red berry contains a tannin that might prevent E. coli bacteria -- the most common cause of urinary tract infections -- from sticking to the walls of your bladder, where they can cause an infection.


Question: What causes penile cancer?

Answer: If you or someone you love has it, you'll want to know what your options are. Experts don't know exactly what causes this disease. Not being circumcised may make it more likely. If bodily fluids get trapped in the foreskin and aren't washed away, they may contribute to the growth of cancer cells. Some research suggests that men who are exposed to certain strains of HPV (human papillomavirus) may also be more likely to get penile cancer. This type of cancer is more common in men over age 60, in smokers, and in those who have a weakened immune system.


Question: Can I still have sex if I have penile cancer?

Answer: If your cancer is advanced or has a high risk of spreading, treatment may involve any of the above, and/or: Surgery to remove some or all o your inguinal lymph nodes if your cancer has spread to them Radiation and/or chemotherapy to rid your body of cancer cells A penectomy, which is surgery to remove some or all of your penis Most treatments for early-stage penile cancer don't affect your ability to have sex, but chemotherapy and radiation may. Talk to your doctor about possible side effects.


Question: Can HPV cause penile cancer?

Answer: Some research suggests that men who are exposed to certain strains of HPV (human papillomavirus) may also be more likely to get penile cancer.


Question: What are some resources and support groups for people with penile cancer?

Answer: Ask your doctor about support groups at your hospital or in your community. You can also find support groups for men with penile cancer online. As you go through your treatment, it can also help to talk with a therapist or social worker who works with people who have cancer.


Question: What are the warning signs of penile cancer?

Answer: Growths on the penis that look bluish-brown Smelly discharge underneath the foreskin A sore on the penis, which may be bleeding Swelling at the end of the penis Lumps under the skin in the groin area Most men with these symptoms don't have penile cancer.


Question: What types of people are more at risk for penile cancer?

Answer: This type of cancer is more common in men over age 60, in smokers, and in those who have a weakened immune system.


Question: What is the main sign of penile cancer?

Answer: Changes in the penis skin are the most common symptom of penile cancer. They can show up on the foreskin of uncircumcised men, or on the penis tip (the glans) or shaft.


Question: How do imaging tests diagnose penile cancer?

Answer: Imaging tests, like X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI).


Question: How is penile cancer treated?

Answer: If your cancer is in the early stages, your treatment may include: A medicine that goes on your skin as a cream Cryotherapy, a procedure that uses an extremely cold liquid or a device to freeze and destroy tissue that contains cancer Mohs surgery, in which doctors remove affected skin, one layer at a time, until they reach normal, healthy tissue Lasers to cut and destroy areas that contain cancer Circumcision, which is surgery to remove the foreskin. You would have this procedure if you only had cancer in your foreskin.


Question: How does a biopsy diagnose penile cancer?

Answer: The doctor will take a small sample of tissue from a skin lesion on the penis. Lab tests will check it for cancer cells.


Question: What is the treatment for advanced stages of penile cancer?

Answer: If your cancer is advanced or has a high risk of spreading, treatment may involve any of the above, and/or: Surgery to remove some or all o your inguinal lymph nodes if your cancer has spread to them Radiation and/or chemotherapy to rid your body of cancer cells A penectomy, which is surgery to remove some or all of your penis Most treatments for early-stage penile cancer don't affect your ability to have sex, but chemotherapy and radiation may. Talk to your doctor about possible side effects.


Question: How do I join a clinical trial for penile cancer?

Answer: Before you sign up, ask for information on what's involved, and what the risks and benefits would be. You can learn more about different trials throughout the U. S. at the National Cancer Institute's web site, http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials.


Question: How is penile cancer treated in the early stages?

Answer: If your cancer is in the early stages, your treatment may include: A medicine that goes on your skin as a cream Cryotherapy, a procedure that uses an extremely cold liquid or a device to freeze and destroy tissue that contains cancer Mohs surgery, in which doctors remove affected skin, one layer at a time, until they reach normal, healthy tissue Lasers to cut and destroy areas that contain cancer Circumcision, which is surgery to remove the foreskin. You would have this procedure if you only had cancer in your foreskin.


Question: How will my doctor test me for penile cancer?

Answer: Your doctor will give you a physical exam, talk with you about your symptoms, and may recommend other tests, such as: A biopsy. The doctor will take a small sample of tissue from a skin lesion on the penis. Lab tests will check it for cancer cells. Imaging tests, like X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). These look inside your body for tumors or other signs that cancer has spread.


Question: What are the symptoms of penile cancer?

Answer: Changes in the penis skin are the most common symptom of penile cancer. They can show up on the foreskin of uncircumcised men, or on the penis tip (the glans) or shaft. Warning signs of the disease can include: Changes in thickness or color of skin on the penis A lump on it A rash or small âcrustyâ bumps on it; it can look like an unhealed scab. Growths on the penis that look bluish-brown Smelly discharge underneath the foreskin A sore on the penis, which may be bleeding Swelling at the end of the penis Lumps under the skin in the groin area Most men with these symptoms don't have penile cancer. If your cancer is in the early stages, your treatment may include: A medicine that goes on your skin as a cream Cryotherapy, a procedure that uses an extremely cold liquid or a device to freeze and destroy tissue that contains cancer Mohs surgery, in which doctors remove affected skin, one layer at a time, until they reach normal, healthy tissue Lasers to cut and destroy areas that contain cancer Circumcision, which is surgery to remove the foreskin. If your cancer is advanced or has a high risk of spreading, treatment may involve any of the above, and/or: Surgery to remove some or all o your inguinal lymph nodes if your cancer has spread to them Radiation and/or chemotherapy to rid your body of cancer cells A penectomy, which is surgery to remove some or all of your penis Most treatments for early-stage penile cancer don't affect your ability to have sex, but chemotherapy and radiation may.


Question: Is penile cancer common?

Answer: But it can be treated, especially if it's found early on. In the U. S., doctors find it in about 2,100 men each year. If you or someone you love has it, you'll want to know what your options are. Growths on the penis that look bluish-brown Smelly discharge underneath the foreskin A sore on the penis, which may be bleeding Swelling at the end of the penis Lumps under the skin in the groin area Most men with these symptoms don't have penile cancer.


Question: What questions will my doctor likely ask about urinary incontinence?

Answer: Preparing for the conversation about urinary incontinence may help you feel more in control. That means being able to answer the questions your doctor is likely to ask, including: When did your urinary incontinence symptoms begin? Have you had urinary incontinence symptoms before? What drugs are you on, and when did you start each of them? Do you leak urine with physical activity, coughing or sneezing?


Question: How do Kegel exercises help you treat urinary incontinence?

Answer: That may mean paying more attention to doing Kegel exercises, designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Weakened pelvic floor muscles are often the cause of a common type of urinary incontinence called stress incontinence, in which small amounts of urine are leaked, especially when you cough, sneeze, or laugh.


Question: How do I talk to my doctor about urinary incontinence?

Answer: One good opener might be something like this: " I have been having bladder troubles." That means being able to answer the questions your doctor is likely to ask, including: When did your urinary incontinence symptoms begin?


Question: Can taking iron help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Because low levels of iron might be linked to RLS, your doctor will likely suggest taking iron supplements.


Question: Can a good sleep routine help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Throwing off your sleep pattern can make your RLS symptoms worse. Try going to bed at the same time every night and getting up at the same time every morning. To get deep sleep, it may help to go to bed a little later and get up later. Keep your bedroom cool, dark, and comfortable. Keep the TV and computer out of the bedroom.


Question: What stress relief strategies can help manage restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Stress can cause your RLS to flare and make symptoms worse. Find ways that help you relax and calm your anxiety. You might want to try deep breathing, yoga, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, or tai chi.


Question: Does acupuncture help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: There's no hard proof that acupuncture helps with symptoms, yet many people with RLS give it a try to relieve symptoms.


Question: Can a massage help relieve the symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Answer: Throwing off your sleep pattern can make your RLS symptoms worse. Try massage right before bed to see if it helps you get a more restful night's sleep.


Question: What are the side effects of chlorella?

Answer: Side effects of chlorella include: Bloating Diarrhea Fatigue Gas Green-colored stools Nausea Stomach cramps Allergic reactions have been reported in some people taking chlorella. These reactions have included severe breathing problems and a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. There isn't enough research to know if chlorella is safe for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Chlorella may make it harder for warfarin and other blood-thinning drugs to work. Some chlorella supplements may contain iodine, so people with thyroid conditions may want to avoid taking chlorella.


Question: Which fruits and veggies should you eat in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Fruits and veggies: Go for variety and lots of color. Research has shown that vitamin K-rich leafy greens like spinach and kale curb inflammation, as does broccoli and cabbage. And the substance that gives fruits like cherries, raspberries, and blackberries their color is a type of pigment that also helps fight inflammation.


Question: What are the benefits of nuts in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Nuts: They have a healthy kind of fat that helps stop inflammation. ( Olive oil and avocados are also good sources.) Stick to just a handful of nuts a day; otherwise, the fat and calories will add up.


Question: What are the benefits of beans in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Beans: They're high in fiber, plus they're loaded with antioxidants and other anti-inflammatory substances.


Question: How much fish should you eat in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Fish: Put it on your plate at least twice a week. Salmon, tuna, and sardines all have plenty of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation.


Question: How can trans fats affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Coffee creamers, margarine, and anything else with trans fats: Trans fats (look on the label for "partially hydrogenated oils") raise LDL cholesterol, which causes inflammation. There's no safe amount to eat, so steer clear.


Question: What are anti-inflammatory foods?

Answer: Fruits and veggies: Go for variety and lots of color.


Question: How can fried foods affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: French fries, fried chicken, and other fried foods: Cooking them in vegetable oil doesn't make them healthy. Corn, safflower, and other vegetable oils all have omega-6 fatty acids. You need some omega-6s, but if you get too much, as most Americans do, you throw off the balance between omega-6s and omega-3s in your body and end up with -- you guessed it -- more inflammation.


Question: How can gluten affect your anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Wheat, rye, and barley: The focus here is gluten, and this one's a controversial maybe. People who have celiac disease need to avoid gluten. But for everyone else, the science is solid that whole grains are beneficial.


Question: Which foods should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Anything highly processed, overly greasy, or super sweet isn't a good choice for you if you have inflammation.


Question: What are the benefits of herbs and spices in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Herbs and spices: They add antioxidants (along with flavor) to your food. Turmeric, found in curry powder, has a strong substance called curcumin. And garlic curbs the body's ability to make things that boost inflammation.


Question: Which refined starches and sugary foods should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Sweets, cakes and cookies, and soda: They're not dense in nutrients, and they're easy to overeat, which can lead to weight gain, high blood sugar, and high cholesterol (all related to inflammation). Sugar causes the body to release inflammatory messengers called cytokines. Soda and other sweet drinks are main culprits. Anti-inflammatory diet experts often say you should cut out all added sugars, including agave and honey.


Question: Which whole grains should you have in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: Whole grains: Oatmeal, brown rice, whole-wheat bread, and other unrefined grains tend to be high in fiber, and fiber also may help with inflammation.


Question: Which high-fat and processed red meat should you avoid in an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: High-fat and processed red meat (like hot dogs): These have a lot of saturated fat, which can cause inflammation if you get more than a small amount each day.


Question: What should you know about an anti-inflammatory diet?

Answer: If you have, say, rheumatoid arthritis, changing what's on your plate won't be a magic cure -- but it might lessen the number of flare-ups that you have, or it may help take your pain down a few notches. An anti-inflammatory diet is widely regarded as healthy, so even if it doesn't help with your condition, it can help lower your chances of having other problems. Anti-inflammatory diet experts often say you should cut out all added sugars, including agave and honey.


Question: What are calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Heart conditions that calcium channel blockers might be prescribed for: High blood pressure (especially in African Americans) Coronary artery disease Coronary spasm Angina (chest pain) Abnormal heart rhythms Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Diastolic heart failure (preserved left ventricular function) Raynaud's syndrome (a circulatory problem affecting blood vessels in the hands and feet) Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of your lungs) If you have systolic heart failure, then amlodipine and felodipine are the only calcium channel blockers you should use.


Question: What should I avoid when I'm taking calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you: Gain weight Have trouble breathing (shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing) Get a skin rash or hives Are very lightheaded or faint Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while you're taking a calcium channel blocker. Avoid alcohol because it can change how calcium channel blockers work and make the side effects worse. Your doctor needs to know about all the medications you're taking, to avoid problems with calcium channel blockers. Talk to your doctor before you take anything new, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.


Question: What side effects of calcium channel blockers should I immediately contact my doctor for?

Answer: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Tenderness or bleeding of the gums Sexual dysfunction Let your doctor know if these side effects are severe or don't go away. Contact your doctor right away if you: Gain weight Have trouble breathing (shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing) Get a skin rash or hives Are very lightheaded or faint Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while you're taking a calcium channel blocker.


Question: Are calcium channel blockers safe to use during pregnancy?

Answer: However, you should always consult with your doctor before taking calcium channel blockers during pregnancy. These drugs may pass into breast milk, but no adverse effect on breastfed infants has been found. Discuss the risks and benefits of using calcium channel blockers while breastfeeding with your doctor.


Question: What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer: Calcium channel blockers are prescription medications that relax blood vessels and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while also reducing the heart's workload. Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) Tenderness or bleeding of the gums Sexual dysfunction Let your doctor know if these side effects are severe or don't go away.


Question: How safe are calcium channel blockers for older adults?

Answer: Avoid alcohol because it can change how calcium channel blockers work and make the side effects worse. Doctors usually prescribe lower doses.


Question: How can I treat my child's dyslexia?

Answer: Testing and screening for dyslexia are available and are very important.


Question: What is the assessment for dyslexia?

Answer: An assessment for dyslexia includes reading or writing while the tester looks for signs of dyslexia, such as adding, dropping, or changing words; pulling words from other lines; or reversing or transposing words and letters. While not diagnostic in itself, body language may provide a clue: A person with dyslexia may frequently clear his or her throat, tap a pencil, or fidget during the testing out of anxiety about performing the test.


Question: How can a person get dyslexia?

Answer: Dyslexia is a disorder present at birth and cannot be prevented or cured, but it can be managed with special instruction and support. Early intervention to address reading problems is important. Parents must understand that children with dyslexia can learn normally, but probably need to learn in different ways than children without the condition. Teaching should be individualized and may involve modeling letters and words in clay or other three-dimensional techniques to help the child learn letters and words.


Question: How can counseling help treat migraines?

Answer: In acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT), you accept that you have some migraine pain instead of trying to control it completely or avoid it. You commit to âgrow awayâ from a focus on migraines to discover goals and values you want more of in your life. And then you take action toward those goals.


Question: How can sphenopalatine ganglion nerve block help treat migraines?

Answer: This short, simple procedure numbs the SPG, a group of nerve cells inside and behind your nose. The FDA has approved three devices for doing this. It works because your SPG is linked to your trigeminal nerve, which is involved in these headaches. You get the procedure in your doctor's office. You'll be awake for it. Your doctor will insert a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, into your nose, one nostril at a time. Through an attached syringe, you'll get an anesthetic to numb your SPG and the area around it. Your doctor may use an X-ray machine to be sure the tube is inserted correctly. Once the numbness wears off, you may still feel relief for some time.


Question: What is an SPG (sphenopalatine ganglion) nerve block for migraine treatment?

Answer: This short, simple procedure numbs the SPG, a group of nerve cells inside and behind your nose. The FDA has approved three devices for doing this. It works because your SPG is linked to your trigeminal nerve, which is involved in these headaches.


Question: What is SPG (sphenopalatine ganglion) nerve block for a migraine treatment?

Answer: You get the procedure in your doctor's office. You'll be awake for it. Your doctor will insert a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, into your nose, one nostril at a time. Through an attached syringe, you'll get an anesthetic to numb your SPG and the area around it. Your doctor may use an X-ray machine to be sure the tube is inserted correctly. Once the numbness wears off, you may still feel relief for some time.


Question: How can calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors help in treating migraine?

Answer: CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a molecule involved in causing migraine pain. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that block the effects of CGRP. Erenumab ( Aimovig) was the first medicine specifically approved to prevent migraine attacks. In 2018, fremanezumab ( Ajovy) was also aproved. With each, you give yourself an injection once a month with a pen-like device.


Question: How is Cefaly used to treat migraines?

Answer: You wear it like a headband across your forehead. You can use it every day, but not more than once a day: Apply the self-adhesive electrode to your forehead. It's the first TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) device approved for treating migraines before they start.


Question: How can Botox help treat migraines?

Answer: Ask your doctor. About every 12 weeks, you get 31 Botox shots around your head and neck. Each session takes 10-15 minutes. After your first session, it may take 10-14 days for your symptoms to improve. If you get migraines on fewer than 14 days a month or you get other types of headaches, Botox isn't your answer.


Question: How can Botox help in treating migraine?

Answer: Ask your doctor. About every 12 weeks, you get 31 Botox shots around your head and neck. Each session takes 10-15 minutes. After your first session, it may take 10-14 days for your symptoms to improve. If you get migraines on fewer than 14 days a month or you get other types of headaches, Botox isn't your answer.


Question: What is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people with migraines?

Answer: If you still find it hard to stop or prevent your headaches, you'll want to know what else you can try. You may find that this helps you manage your migraine pain without being derailed by it.


Question: How can mindfulness-based therapy help in treating migraine?

Answer: If you still find it hard to stop or prevent your headaches, you'll want to know what else you can try. â Mindfulnessâ is a practice of being aware of your mind and body right now. Distracting thoughts come up, but you let them go. You may find that this helps you manage your migraine pain without being derailed by it. You might also feel less anxious or depressed about it. You simply notice your thoughts, emotions, and body sensations. Mindfulness is an additional practice you can do by yourself.


Question: Can you use stevia as a cooking ingredient?

Answer: Each brand has its own sugar-to-stevia ratio, so check the package before you measure out sweetener.


Question: Are products with stevia safe?

Answer: It's a sugar substitute called stevia. Products considered safe contain words in their ingredient list such as stevia extract or stevia rebaudiana. If you see whole stevia leaves or crude stevia extracts at your local natural foods store, don't buy them.


Question: Can misaligned bones cause runner's knee?

Answer: If any of the bones from your hips to your ankles are out of their correct position, including the kneecap, that can put too much pressure on certain spots. Then your kneecap won't move smoothly through its groove, which can cause pain.


Question: When can I go back to my old level of activity after runner's knee?

Answer: Don't return to your old level of physical activity until: You can fully bend and straighten your knee without pain. You feel no pain in your knee when you walk, jog, sprint, or jump. Your knee is as strong as your uninjured knee.


Question: What is runner's knee?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } First, it isn't just for runners. Also, it isn't really a specific injury. Runner's knee is a broad term used to describe the pain you feel if you have one of several knee problems. You might hear a doctor call it patellofemoral pain syndrome.


Question: What is chondromalacia patella?

Answer: Chondromalacia patella, a condition in which the cartilage under your kneecap breaks down The main thing is pain.


Question: What are the symptoms of runner's knee?

Answer: Chondromalacia patella, a condition in which the cartilage under your kneecap breaks down The main thing is pain. You might notice it: Usually in front of your kneecap, though it could be around or behind it When you bend your knee to walk, squat, kneel, run, or even get up from a chair Getting worse when you walk downstairs or downhill The area around your knee could swell, or you might hear popping or have a grinding feeling in the knee.


Question: What do I do if my runner's knee doesn't get better?

Answer: If you try these techniques and your knee still hurts, ask your doctor if you need to see a specialist, like an orthopedic surgeon. It's rare, but you may need surgery for severe cases of runner's knee. An orthopedic surgeon can remove or replace damaged cartilage and, in extreme cases, correct the position of your kneecap to send stress through the joint more evenly.


Question: When will my runner's knee get better?

Answer: Your recovery time depends on your body and your injury.


Question: Can problems with your feet cause runner's knee?

Answer: Problems with your feet, like hypermobile feet (when the joints in and around them move more than they should), fallen arches (flat feet), or overpronation (which means your foot rolls down and inward when you step).


Question: What causes runner's knee?

Answer: Problems with your feet, like hypermobile feet (when the joints in and around them move more than they should), fallen arches (flat feet), or overpronation (which means your foot rolls down and inward when you step).


Question: How do I prevent runner's knee?

Answer: Keep your thigh muscles strong and limber with regular exercise. Use shoe inserts if you have problems that may lead to runner's knee. Make sure your shoes have enough support. Try not to run on hard surfaces, like concrete. Stay in shape and keep a healthy weight. Warm up before you work out. Don't make sudden workout changes like adding squats or lunges. Add intense moves slowly. Ask your doctor if you should see a physical therapist. If your doctor or physical therapist suggests it. Get a new pair of running shoes once yours lose their shape or the sole becomes worn or irregular.


Question: What are some home remedies for runner's knee.

Answer: Bending your knee again and again or doing a lot of high-stress exercises, like lunges and plyometrics (training that uses the way your muscles lengthen and shorten to boost their power), can irritate tissues in and around your kneecap. Take NSAIDs, if needed, like ibuprofen or naproxen. These drugs help with pain and swelling. Try arch supports or orthotics for your shoes. They may help with the position of your feet. You can buy them at the store or get them custom-made. If your doctor or physical therapist suggests it.


Question: Are there any home remedies for runner's knee?

Answer: As much as possible, try to avoid things that make it hurt worse, like running, squatting, lunging, or sitting and standing for long periods of time. Ice your knee to ease pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days, or until the pain is gone. Wrap your knee. Use an elastic bandage, patellar straps, or sleeves to give it extra support. Elevate your leg on a pillow when you sit or lie down. Your recovery time depends on your body and your injury.


Question: What happens if upper limb spasticity goes untreated?

Answer: Rotated shoulders Bent elbows or wrists Hands clenched into fists Difficulty or pain when you move or straighten your arm, elbows, wrists, or fingers Without treatment, your muscles can seem frozen in these positions. Spasms and stiffness can make it very hard to do normal tasks like dressing yourself. If you notice muscle tightness, spasms, or stiff limbs at any time after you've had a stroke or brain injury, you should tell your doctor right away.


Question: What causes upper limb spasticity?

Answer: There are several things that can damage your brain or nervous system and lead to upper limb spasticity.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about upper limb spasticity?

Answer: You'll want to find out as much as you can about your condition so you can learn how to control it and feel better. You might want to ask: What caused my spasticity? What kinds of treatments are there? Which ones would be best for me? How will the medicines make me feel? Do I need physical therapy? How long will I need treatment? What can I do to make my arms less stiff?


Question: What are the symptoms of upper limb spasticity?

Answer: Diseases like multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy, which destroy the nervous system Injuries You may not have any symptoms of upper limb spasticity until weeks, months, or even years after you have a stroke or brain injury. The condition can cause: Stiff arm muscles Twitches or movements that you can't control Trouble using or moving your arms Tightness in the muscles in your elbows, wrists, or fingers Arms that get stuck in uncomfortable positions, such as pressed against your side. Rotated shoulders Bent elbows or wrists Hands clenched into fists Difficulty or pain when you move or straighten your arm, elbows, wrists, or fingers Without treatment, your muscles can seem frozen in these positions. Spasms and stiffness can make it very hard to do normal tasks like dressing yourself. If you notice muscle tightness, spasms, or stiff limbs at any time after you've had a stroke or brain injury, you should tell your doctor right away.


Question: What are the goals of treatment for upper limb spasticity?

Answer: The goal of treatments for upper limb spasticity is to keep your muscles from becoming too stiff and give you more freedom to move your arms. It's important to get therapy so you can keep moving your muscles and stop them from getting stiffer and more painful.


Question: Where can you get support for upper limb spasticity?

Answer: Find helpful information and support from organizations like the American Stroke Association ( ASA). You can find stroke support groups in your area or to join a group online. Call the ASA at 888-478-7653 to be connected to a trained volunteer who can provide support or offer advice.


Question: What are my treatment options for upper limb spasticity?

Answer: Your doctor will recommend a treatment based on how healthy you are and the symptoms you have. There are several options that may work for you. Surgery to cut connections between nerves or tendons and muscles that spasm.


Question: What is upper limb spasticity?

Answer: Sometimes, your arms will twitch or move in a way you can't control, called a spasm. Spasticity happens after your body's nervous system has been damaged, usually by a stroke, disease, or injury. It's not life-threatening, but it can be painful and have a big effect on your daily life. Some tasks, like getting dressed or bathing, become hard. The goal of treatments for upper limb spasticity is to keep your muscles from becoming too stiff and give you more freedom to move your arms. Your doctor can give you a shot of it directly into your muscles.


Question: What should you expect if you have upper limb spasticity?

Answer: It's important to get therapy so you can keep moving your muscles and stop them from getting stiffer and more painful. But new treatments can give you better control of your arms and help you live an active life. Your physical therapist or occupational therapist can help you find ways to increase your flexibility or find new, easier ways to do tasks.


Question: What are some treatment options for upper limb spasticity?

Answer: There are many treatments that can make your muscles more flexible and give you better control of your arm movements. You'll want to find out as much as you can about your condition so you can learn how to control it and feel better. Your doctor will recommend a treatment based on how healthy you are and the symptoms you have. There are several options that may work for you. Braces or splints hold your muscles and joints in the right position and keep them from getting too tight. Onabotulinumtoxin A ( Botox) and abobotulinumtoxin A ( Dysport), used for the treatment of upper and lower limb spasticity, can relax muscles and ease spasms. Your doctor can give you a shot of it directly into your muscles. Botox and Dysport have some potentially serious side effects such as breathing and swallowing issues, so make sure to discuss them with your physician. Drugs like clonazepam ( Klonopin), diazepam ( Valium), and tizanidine ( Zanaflex) also make your muscles more relaxed. Baclofen is a drug that corrects the way your nerves send signals to your muscles. ITB delivers it through a pump to an area of the spinal cord, called the intrathecal space, to prevent spasms. Nerve block injections, shots of drugs that numb the nerves that cause muscles to twitch, may stop spasms when other medicines don't work. Surgery to cut connections between nerves or tendons and muscles that spasm. Your doctor may recommend this if other treatments don't work. Your physical therapist or occupational therapist can help you find ways to increase your flexibility or find new, easier ways to do tasks.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose upper limb spasticity?

Answer: She'll give you a physical exam and test your muscle movement to see how well you can control your arms, elbows, wrists, and hands. The electrodes have small needles that go into your muscles, and they're attached by wires to a machine that can measure the electricity in your muscles and nerves. Your doctor will ask you to slowly flex and relax your arms so the machine can record the activity. She may also inject a drug to briefly numb the area where you have spasms to see if they still happen when you can't move your muscles. The test can take 30 minutes to an hour.


Question: What are symptoms of leukemia?

Answer: Many types of leukemia produce no obvious symptoms in the early stages. Eventually, symptoms may include any of the following: Anemia and related symptoms, such as fatigue, pallor, and a general feeling of illness. A tendency to bruise or bleed easily, including bleeding from the gums or nose, or blood in the stool or urine. Susceptibility to infections such as sore throat or bronchial pneumonia, which may be accompanied by headache, low-grade fever, mouth sores, or skin rash. Swollen lymph nodes, typically in the throat, armpits, or groin. Loss of appetite and weight. Discomfort under the left lower ribs (caused by a swollen spleen). Very high white blood cell counts may result in visual problems due to retinal hemorrhage, ringing of the ears (tinnitus), mental status changes, prolonged erection (priapism), and stroke.


Question: What are reactions to injections of immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Reactions to Injections You may have pain, swelling, soreness, redness, itchiness, or a rash in the area where the medicine went into your vein. This usually goes away on its own. You can take acetaminophen or an over-the-counter antihistamine to ease the discomfort. Just make sure your doctor says it's OK. Cold compresses can also help.


Question: Can you get diarrhea or constipation from immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Drink plenty of fluids. Diarrhea or Constipation Bowel trouble is another common side effect of immunotherapy. Some people have diarrhea, while others get constipated. Avoid sugary drinks and fruit juices. They can make diarrhea worse. Suck on ice chips or ice pops to get more liquids into your system. Light exercise, even just some simple bed- or chair-based movements, can ease constipation. Do as much as you can, within any limits set by your doctor.


Question: What should I do if immunotherapy makes me nauseous and I lose my appetite?

Answer: Take small sips of cold water, ginger ale, apple juice, or other clear liquids all day long. Open a window or use a fan to get some fresh air into the room. Suck on ice chips, frozen fruit juice chips, or ice pops to boost your overall fluid intake. The cold sensation in your mouth may ease your tummy a bit.


Question: How does amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progress?

Answer: Over time, you'll lose control over the muscles that help you walk, talk, swallow, and breathe. You'll still be able to see, hear, smell, touch, taste, and use the bathroom. But you'll need help with basic tasks such as getting dressed, eating, or showering. Your condition might get worse quickly or slowly. The doctors and other members of your medical team will help you understand how it has progressed and what you can expect.


Question: What happens when you have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Answer: Over time, you'll lose control over the muscles that help you walk, talk, swallow, and breathe. You'll still be able to see, hear, smell, touch, taste, and use the bathroom. But you'll need help with basic tasks such as getting dressed, eating, or showering. Your condition might get worse quickly or slowly. The doctors and other members of your medical team will help you understand how it has progressed and what you can expect.


Question: What is the cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Answer: Right now, there is no cure for ALS.


Question: What drugs are approved to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Answer: ALS, also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disease that affects your motor neurons. Right now, there is no cure for ALS. Two drugs -- edaravone ( Radicava) and riluzole ( Rilutek) -- are FDA-approved to treat ALS. They are not a cure, but if you start taking either of them soon after you're diagnosed, they could help you live longer.


Question: What is stage B heart failure?

Answer: You're in this phase if you never had symptoms of heart failure but you're diagnosed with systolic left ventricular dysfunction, which means the left chamber of your heart doesn't pump well. You may be in this group if you had or have: Heart attack Valve disease Cardiomyopathy Treatment will depend on your situation.


Question: What is stage D heart failure?

Answer: You're in this phase if you never had symptoms of heart failure but you're diagnosed with systolic left ventricular dysfunction, which means the left chamber of your heart doesn't pump well.


Question: How is stage A heart failure treated?

Answer: When you have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other heart and blood vessel conditions like coronary artery disease, you may need to take an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker ( ARB).


Question: What causes heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure can be brought on by many conditions that damage the heart.


Question: How can a heart attack cause heart failure?

Answer: Heart attack may happen when a coronary artery is blocked suddenly, which stops the flow of blood to your heart muscle.


Question: How do other drugs or foods interact with anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Drug or food interactions: Since this spray has little or no effect beyond the area applied, it is unlikely to interact with other drugs.


Question: How do anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays work?

Answer: How anticholinergic nasal sprays work: When sprayed into each nostril, anticholinergic nasal sprays decrease secretions from the glands lining the nasal passage.


Question: Who should not use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Who should not use these medications: Individuals who are allergic to any components of the nasal spray should not take this drug.


Question: How should you use anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Use: The usual dosage is 2 sprays in each nostril 2-3 times per day.


Question: What are side effects of anticholinergic nasal allergy sprays?

Answer: Side effects: Anticholinergic nasal sprays may cause an excessively dry nose, thereby causing nosebleeds or irritation.


Question: How is a heart transplant used to treat heart failure?

Answer: This device is similar to a pacemaker.


Question: What should your diet consist of to help with heart failure?

Answer: Limit the salt you eat to less than 1,500 milligrams each day. Eat foods high in fiber and potassium. Cut back on things high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. If you need to drop some weight, reduce the number of calories you eat.


Question: How is heart failure treated?

Answer: If you have heart failure, you have a lot of choices for treatment. Your doctor may suggest you start with medication and lifestyle changes. If your condition gets worse, you can turn to centers that specialize in treating heart failure for more options, like surgery.


Question: How is infarct exclusion surgery (modified Dor or Dor procedure) used to treat heart failure?

Answer: When a heart attack happens in the left ventricle (the lower left chamber of your heart), a scar forms. The scarred area is thin and can bulge out with each beat, forming what's called an aneurysm. A heart surgeon can remove it.


Question: How can you prevent further damage if you have heart failure?

Answer: If you smoke or chew tobacco, quit. Keep to a healthy weight. Control your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes. Exercise regularly. Don't drink alcohol.


Question: How is a left ventricular assist device used to treat heart failure?

Answer: The doctor puts it into the abdomen or chest and attaches it to your heart to help it pump blood to the rest of your body. But it's up to you to take your medicine, change your diet, live a healthy lifestyle, keep your follow-up appointments, and be an active member of the team.


Question: How is heart valve surgery used to treat heart failure?

Answer: A surgeon can repair or replace the valves. The doctor puts it into the abdomen or chest and attaches it to your heart to help it pump blood to the rest of your body.


Question: Where is the sentinel node located in breast cancer?

Answer: In breast cancer, the sentinel node is usually located in the axillary nodes, under the arm. In a small percentage of cases, the sentinel node is found somewhere else in the lymphatic system of the breast. If the sentinel node is positive, there may be other positive lymph nodes upstream. If it is negative, it is highly likely that all of the upstream nodes are negative.


Question: What does a sentinel node biopsy do for breast cancer?

Answer: In breast cancer, a sentinel node biopsy pinpoints the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains (called the "sentinel" node). This helps doctors remove only those nodes of the lymphatic system most likely to contain cancer cells. The sentinel nodes are the first place that cancer is likely to spread.