Question: How can dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) help treat borderline personality disorder?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to identify and change negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. Dialectical behavioral therapy focuses on high-risk, tough-to-treat patients. Patients who undergo DBT have seen improvements such as: less frequent and less severe suicidal behavior shorter hospitalizations less anger less likely to drop out of treatment improved social functioning Substance abuse is common with borderline personality disorder. DBT helps substance abusers with borderline personality disorder but hasn't proven effective for addiction alone.


Question: How are blood tests used to diagnose psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate or ESR): Gives a rough idea of how much inflammation is in your body, which could be caused by psoriatic arthritis. But higher levels can come from other autoimmune diseases, an infection, a tumor, liver disease, or pregnancy, too. Rheumatoid factor ( RF) and anti- CCP antibody: These tests can rule out rheumatoid arthritis. People with that condition may have higher levels of these in their blood. HLA- B27: More than half of people who have psoriatic arthritis with spine inflammation will have this genetic marker. You can get tested to find out if you do. Iron tests: People with psoriatic arthritis may have mild anemia , or not enough healthy red blood cells.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor will look at your body and ask about the symptoms you've been having, which might include: Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling Fatigue Tenderness, pain, or swelling where tendons and ligaments attach to bones Swollen fingers or toes Patches of red, itchy skin Thick silver or gray scaly areas on your skin Changes or problems with your fingernails or toenails Redness and swelling in your eye Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are related to your genes, so if you have a close family member with these skin or joint problems, you're more likely to have them, too.


Question: How is psoriatic arthritis diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will make a decision based on: Your symptoms A physical exam Your medical history and your family's medical history Lab tests No single thing will diagnose psoriatic arthritis, but blood tests, imaging, and other tests can help your doctor. He may want to give you certain tests that check for rheumatoid arthritis, because it can look a lot like psoriatic arthritis.


Question: How are X-rays used to diagnose psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: X- Rays These can show cartilage changes or bone and joint damage that suggests arthritis in your spine, hands, or feet. Psoriatic arthritis usually looks different on X-rays than rheumatoid arthritis does.


Question: Who can get psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Psoriatic arthritis usually shows up between ages 30 and 50, but it may start in childhood. Both men and women get it. Many people have the skin disease psoriasis first.


Question: Can psoriatic arthritis be passed down?

Answer: Your doctor will look at your body and ask about the symptoms you've been having, which might include: Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling Fatigue Tenderness, pain, or swelling where tendons and ligaments attach to bones Swollen fingers or toes Patches of red, itchy skin Thick silver or gray scaly areas on your skin Changes or problems with your fingernails or toenails Redness and swelling in your eye Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are related to your genes, so if you have a close family member with these skin or joint problems, you're more likely to have them, too.


Question: What other problems can the flu lead to in children?

Answer: Those can include a sinus infection, ear infection, or pneumonia. Call the doctor if your child's fever lasts more than 3 to 4 days. Also call if she complains of trouble breathing, ear pain, a stuffy nose or head, a cough that won't go away, or she seems to be getting worse. Young children under age 2 -- even healthy children -- are more likely than older children to be hospitalized from the complications of the flu.


Question: What medications should not be used in children?

Answer: Don't give aspirin to children or teenagers. It can boost their risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare disorder that can harm their liver or cause brain damage. The FDA and drug makers say not to give over-the-counter cough and cold medicines to children under age 4. The American Academy of Pediatricians goes higher -- they warn against using them for children younger than 6. Talk to your doctor before you give your child one of these products.


Question: Do home remedies help children with the flu?

Answer: These treatments can help your kid feel better: Plenty of rest Plenty of liquids Using acetaminophen or ibuprofen to lower fever and ease aches -- you can get both in children's versions.


Question: How can I remove mucus in a very young and congested child?

Answer: If you have a very young child with congestion, use a nasal bulb to remove mucus. Or spray three drops of saline nasal spray into each nostril.


Question: Can kids take any medicine to shorten or prevent getting the flu?

Answer: If the doctor thinks your child is likely to have a complication from the flu, he may give her antiviral medicines like baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) or zanamivir ( Relenza). They can help if she gets them in the first 2 days of getting sick. They may even shorten the flu by 1 or 2 days. In some cases, they can prevent it. They stop the virus from reproducing, so it can't spread. Still, the best way to prevent the flu is to get the vaccine. Antibiotic drugs don't work. They treat bacterial infections, and the flu is a viral infection.


Question: Which children are most at risk to have serious complications with the flu?

Answer: Some children are more likely to have serious complications with the flu. Talk to your doctor as soon as you know your child is sick if she's younger than 5 or has an ongoing (chronic) health condition like asthma or other lung disease, heart condition, or diabetes.


Question: What is the best way for children to avoid getting the flu?

Answer: The best way is to get a yearly vaccination. The CDC says all people 6 months and older should get one. Pregnant women and caregivers of children younger than 6 months or of children with certain health conditions should get the vaccine. Don't give aspirin to children or teenagers.


Question: What is neurofeedback and how does it help ADHD?

Answer: Neurofeedback teaches a person with ADHD how to change brain waves to focus better. Scientists can study these to look for patterns. There are four waves the brain makes: alpha (medium), beta (fast), theta (slow), and delta (deep sleep). Neurofeedback is based on findings that people with ADHD have more theta waves than other people. They also have fewer beta waves. Supporters believe that training the brain to increase the fast beta waves and decrease the slow theta waves can lower ADHD symptoms.


Question: Can chiropractic medicine help with ADHD?

Answer: But no research has been done to see if it works. Many ADHD doctors do not support it. One theory is that an imbalance in muscle tone causes an imbalance in brain activity. According to this theory, when chiropractors adjust the ADHD patient's spine, balance is restored in the brain.


Question: How does applied kinesiology help ADHD?

Answer: Applied kinesiology, or neural organization technique, is another theory some chiropractors use with people who have ADHD. It's based on the thought that the bones of the skull can become misaligned, causing unequal pressure on different parts of the brain. They say this causes the brain to work improperly. To treat it, the chiropractor does adjustments that put the skull bones back to their proper position. But most doctors believe the bones of the skull do not move, so they cannot be misaligned.


Question: Why do kids seem hyper when they eat a lot of sugar?

Answer: Research does show that refined sugar and carbohydrates can affect your child's activity level. Kids can feel a rush because refined sugar quickly enters the bloodstream. That boosts blood sugar fast. When blood sugar spikes, your child may become much more active. The burst of energy is from an adrenaline rush caused by the rise in blood sugar.


Question: Is it safe to put my child on an elimination diet for ADHD?

Answer: If you decide to try an elimination diet for ADHD, be careful. You don't want to hurt your child's overall nutrition and have them miss out on important vitamins or minerals. Don't be too restrictive. It's best to talk with your child's doctor before trying any ADHD treatment.


Question: How does going to a chiropractor help ADHD?

Answer: One theory is that an imbalance in muscle tone causes an imbalance in brain activity. According to this theory, when chiropractors adjust the ADHD patient's spine, balance is restored in the brain.


Question: What are some alternative treatments for ADHD that work?

Answer: Working Memory Training ( COGMED) Many people with ADHD have trouble with working memory.


Question: How does omega-3 supplements affect ADHD symptoms?

Answer: One nutrition move that has shown promise is taking omega-3 supplements. Research has shown that children with ADHD have lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood than the typical child. As a result, some doctors recommend that they take omega-3 supplements. Children who were given omega-3s showed a small improvement in how severe their symptoms were when compared to children who took a placebo. The FDA has approved Vayarin, a "medical food" containing omega-3s, for treating ADHD.


Question: Does neurofeedback really help ADHD symptoms?

Answer: While there has been some promising research in this area, more research is needed to see how well neurofeedback works on ADHD symptoms.


Question: What should parents do when considering any ADHD treatments?

Answer: It's best to talk with your child's doctor before trying any ADHD treatment. She can help you make a healthy eating plan for your child. Or she can refer you to a registered dietitian who can help you with a meal plan and snack ideas. It's important to consider what your child will be able to eat when he or she is away from home, like at school, a birthday party, summer camp, or a friend's house. This can make a restrictive diet harder to follow. Also, consider whether the whole family, including siblings, will follow the same restrictions.


Question: What is working memory training and how does it help ADHD?

Answer: Working Memory Training ( COGMED) Many people with ADHD have trouble with working memory. That's remembering information and doing things with it over a short amount of time. Using computer programs to do brain training seems to help people improve their ability to concentrate, control impulsive behaviors, and improve problem-solving skills. Several studies seem to point to some programs making a difference over the short term. But other studies suggest that maybe only visual memory skills can be improved.


Question: Can working memory training help ADHD?

Answer: That's remembering information and doing things with it over a short amount of time. Using computer programs to do brain training seems to help people improve their ability to concentrate, control impulsive behaviors, and improve problem-solving skills. Several studies seem to point to some programs making a difference over the short term. But other studies suggest that maybe only visual memory skills can be improved.


Question: How does neurofeedback work?

Answer: To train them, a medical professional watches the brain waves of the person with ADHD. When their brainwaves reach the right frequency, the health professional lets them know. Through training and practice, they can ultimately learn how to change brain waves on their own. While there has been some promising research in this area, more research is needed to see how well neurofeedback works on ADHD symptoms. A big drawback is the high cost of the treatment.


Question: Do omega-3 supplements help with ADHD?

Answer: One nutrition move that has shown promise is taking omega-3 supplements. Research has shown that children with ADHD have lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood than the typical child. As a result, some doctors recommend that they take omega-3 supplements. Children who were given omega-3s showed a small improvement in how severe their symptoms were when compared to children who took a placebo.


Question: What can I do to keep my kids from becoming hyper from sugar?

Answer: Nutritionists say to add more fiber to your child's diet to help keep blood sugar levels even. High-fiber foods include berries and other fruits, whole grains, and oatmeal.


Question: Is there a specific diet to help with ADHD?

Answer: Years ago, Ben Feingold, MD, an allergist, created a popular elimination diet designed to treat hyperactivity. With elimination diets for ADHD, you take certain foods out of your child's diet to see if they affect your child's behavior.


Question: What should parents know about an elimination diet for ADHD symptoms?

Answer: But some experts don't think it's the changes in what the children eat that makes a difference. A popular theory is that the child's behavior improves because the parents treat their child differently when they're on the special diet. If you decide to try an elimination diet for ADHD, be careful. You don't want to hurt your child's overall nutrition and have them miss out on important vitamins or minerals. Don't be too restrictive.


Question: How do chiropractors treat ADHD?

Answer: It's based on the thought that the bones of the skull can become misaligned, causing unequal pressure on different parts of the brain. They say this causes the brain to work improperly. To treat it, the chiropractor does adjustments that put the skull bones back to their proper position. But most doctors believe the bones of the skull do not move, so they cannot be misaligned. Neurofeedback is based on findings that people with ADHD have more theta waves than other people.


Question: What is the Feingold diet and how does it help ADHD symptoms?

Answer: You may wonder if there's something besides medicine or behavior therapy you can do to help your child with ADHD. The Feingold Diet cuts out artificial colorings, flavorings, and preservatives to decrease hyperactivity. While most scientific studies have disproved Feingold's theory, some parents who have tried it say they noticed an improvement in their child's behavior.


Question: How does neurofeedback for ADHD work?

Answer: Neurofeedback teaches a person with ADHD how to change brain waves to focus better. Scientists can study these to look for patterns. When their brainwaves reach the right frequency, the health professional lets them know. Through training and practice, they can ultimately learn how to change brain waves on their own.


Question: What's the bottom line on the "Eat to Live" diet plan?

Answer: The Final Word This plan is ideal for vegans and veggie lovers who enjoy large volumes of raw and cooked produce. It requires lots of time in the kitchen and plenty of fresh produce, which can be costly. People who love sweets, dairy, meat, and eggs won't be satisfied on the plan. The absence of dairy during the first 6 weeks of the plan and limited amount of whole grains and oils, are a possible concern. Your doctor or a dietitian can let you know what you need to do to get all the vitamins and minerals you need while on this plan, especially during the strictest phase.


Question: What tests can screen for Cushingâs syndrome?

Answer: You can get Cushing's syndrome when there's too much cortisol in your body for too long. Your doctor will probably also recommend some of these tests to help screen for Cushing's syndrome if she suspects you have it: 24-hour urinary free cortisol test. This common test collects your urine for 24 hours to measure how much cortisol is in it. Dexamethasone suppression test . You'll take a low-dose steroid pill at 11:00 p.m. and then take a blood test in the morning to see how much cortisol your body still makes. Late-night salivary cortisol level. This test measures cortisol in your saliva.


Question: How should I take care of myself if I have Cushing's syndrome?

Answer: Most cases of Cushing's syndrome can be cured, though it may take some time for your symptoms to ease up. You can get Cushing's syndrome when there's too much cortisol in your body for too long. Let your family and friends know what you're going through. Ask for their support, and let them know how they can help. Take time for the people and activities you enjoy. It's OK to say no and set limits, so you keep your energy up. If you're feeling overwhelmed, talk to a counselor or therapist. Partner with your doctor on that, and tell your doctor how you're feeling.


Question: Outside of mucus buildup, what are other problems people with cystic fibrosis face.

Answer: People with cystic fibrosis also lose large amounts of salt when they sweat. This can cause an unhealthy imbalance of minerals in your body. It can lead to: Dehydration Fatigue Weakness Increased heart rate Low blood pressure Heat stroke Death in rare cases About 30,000 Americans have cystic fibrosis.


Question: How common is cystic fibrosis and what is the prognosis?

Answer: It can lead to: Dehydration Fatigue Weakness Increased heart rate Low blood pressure Heat stroke Death in rare cases About 30,000 Americans have cystic fibrosis. Each year about 1,000 new cases are diagnosed. Sixty years ago, the disease killed most people who had it before they reached elementary school. Nowadays people with cystic fibrosis have an average lifespan of about 37 years.


Question: Who gets cystic fibrosis?

Answer: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. For someone to get cystic fibrosis, both parents must be carriers of the gene that causes it and then pass it on. If both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance that each pregnancy will result in a child born with cystic fibrosis. Boys and girls are equally likely to get the disease. About 10 million Americans carry the gene and do not know it. More whites get the disease than do people of other races.


Question: What is the goal of palliative care for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Some of the prostate cancer symptoms you can get help with are: Trouble peeing or needing to pee often Problems with erections or ejaculation Loss of sex drive Pain in your lower back, hips, and upper thighs Different pain relief drugs can help, and palliative care specialists are trained to spend time to pick the right medicine for your needs.


Question: What emotional help can palliative care bring for prostate cancer?

Answer: Experts can recommend support groups and counselors to help you manage depression, fear, and anxiety. They can also help you open the doors of communication with your partner to talk about sensitive issues like sex.


Question: How can palliative care help me with my advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: When you have advanced prostate cancer, you can turn to palliative care to manage your symptoms and get the emotional support you need. It can be a big help at a time when you may be looking for relief from pain or new ways to deal with a swirl of intense feelings.


Question: Can pain relief drugs help with prostate cancer?

Answer: Some of the prostate cancer symptoms you can get help with are: Trouble peeing or needing to pee often Problems with erections or ejaculation Loss of sex drive Pain in your lower back, hips, and upper thighs Different pain relief drugs can help, and palliative care specialists are trained to spend time to pick the right medicine for your needs.


Question: When can you get palliative care for prostate cancer?

Answer: Unlike hospice care, which is only given at the end of life, you can get palliative care at any stage of a serious illness, starting at your diagnosis. It can continue for weeks or months, including while you get treatment.


Question: Is chemotherapy considered palliative care for prostate cancer?

Answer: One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment.


Question: What is palliative care for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: It can be a big help at a time when you may be looking for relief from pain or new ways to deal with a swirl of intense feelings. Unlike hospice care, which is only given at the end of life, you can get palliative care at any stage of a serious illness, starting at your diagnosis. It can continue for weeks or months, including while you get treatment. Any medical professional -- such as a doctor, nurse, dietitian, pharmacist, or therapist -- can provide palliative care, but there are also specialists in the field. Most hospitals have palliative services, and some have centers that you can visit without having to stay overnight. Your primary care doctor may also be involved in the palliative care you get. One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Some of the prostate cancer symptoms you can get help with are: Trouble peeing or needing to pee often Problems with erections or ejaculation Loss of sex drive Pain in your lower back, hips, and upper thighs Different pain relief drugs can help, and palliative care specialists are trained to spend time to pick the right medicine for your needs.


Question: What symptoms of prostate cancer can palliative care help me with?

Answer: One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Some of the prostate cancer symptoms you can get help with are: Trouble peeing or needing to pee often Problems with erections or ejaculation Loss of sex drive Pain in your lower back, hips, and upper thighs Different pain relief drugs can help, and palliative care specialists are trained to spend time to pick the right medicine for your needs.


Question: What are the side effects of palliative care for advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Your palliative care team may recommend exercise and other lifestyle changes that can give you more energy. They may also suggest drugs, changes in diet, physical therapy, or deep breathing to handle other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, sleeping problems, and lack of appetite. Sometimes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are considered "palliative" because they ease pain by shrinking tumors. The goal of all of these is to make your life more comfortable.


Question: How can palliative care benefit patients with advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Your primary care doctor may also be involved in the palliative care you get. One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Experts can recommend support groups and counselors to help you manage depression, fear, and anxiety. They can also help you open the doors of communication with your partner to talk about sensitive issues like sex. Chaplains and other palliative care professionals can discuss spiritual or religious issues. They can even help you achieve lifelong goals. You may also be worried about having enough money and navigating the insurance maze. You might need legal advice about wills and advanced directives. Members of your palliative care team can offer assistance directly or can tell you where to get financial and legal help. They can also tackle transportation and housing issues if you have family members visiting from out of town. Palliative care can also help your family, friends, and caregivers manage their stress.


Question: Can a palliative care team help me with practical and family support for my prostate cancer?

Answer: When you have advanced prostate cancer, you can turn to palliative care to manage your symptoms and get the emotional support you need. Your primary care doctor may also be involved in the palliative care you get. Some of the prostate cancer symptoms you can get help with are: Trouble peeing or needing to pee often Problems with erections or ejaculation Loss of sex drive Pain in your lower back, hips, and upper thighs Different pain relief drugs can help, and palliative care specialists are trained to spend time to pick the right medicine for your needs. They can also help you open the doors of communication with your partner to talk about sensitive issues like sex.


Question: What side effects of  of prostate cancer treatment can palliative care help me with?

Answer: One of the most important goals of palliative care is easing the physical symptoms of the cancer itself and any side effects from treatment. Your palliative care team may recommend exercise and other lifestyle changes that can give you more energy. They may also suggest drugs, changes in diet, physical therapy, or deep breathing to handle other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, sleeping problems, and lack of appetite.


Question: What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Answer: DVT symptoms include: Pain or tenderness in your arm or leg, usually in the thigh or calf Swollen leg or arm Skin that's red or warm to the touch Red streaks on the skin With a pulmonary embolism, you could notice: Shortness of breath you can't explain Fast breathing Chest pain under your rib cage that can get worse when you take a deep breath Rapid heart rate Feeling lightheaded or passing out VTEs can happen if your blood flow changes or slows down somewhere in your body.


Question: What is venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

Answer: But clotting can be a serious problem when it happens where it shouldn't, like in your veins, where a clot can cut off your blood flow. That's called a venous thromboembolism ( VTE). VTEs are dangerous, but they're treatable -- and there's a lot you can do to lower the odds you'll get one. It can cut off the flow of blood. This helps him see if there's a clot in your lungs.


Question: How can using a humidifier and a filter help treat dry eyes?

Answer: This can add moisture to dry indoor air. Putting a pan of water near your heat or radiator has the same effect. An air cleaner that filters dust and other particles may also help prevent dry eyes.


Question: How are dry eyes treated?

Answer: In some cases, your doctor may need to treat an underlying issue or disease; or she may prescribe special medications to help your eyes make more of their own tears, or suggest ways to stop tears from draining away from your eyes too quickly.


Question: How can eating naturally oily fish help treat dry eyes?

Answer: Salmon and tuna, for example, or sardines, trout, and mackerel all contain omega-3 fatty acids. Research suggests these healthy fats help the oil-making glands in your eye work better, which can ease irritation.


Question: How can you wash crusty lashes to treat dry eyes?

Answer: Cleaning your eyelids, as well as the surrounding skin and hair, can help get any lid inflammation under control. Drop a bit of baby shampoo or mild soap on your fingertips and gently massage your closed eye, near the base of your eyelashes.


Question: What are the dos and don'ts for drops for treating dry eyes?

Answer: There are also steps you can take yourself to ease the scratchy, irritating symptoms of dry eyes. Wet the cloth often, so it stays warm. Cleaning your eyelids, as well as the surrounding skin and hair, can help get any lid inflammation under control. Your doctor can let you know if these would help or if you need something else. What doesn't work for dry eyes: drops that take away redness, which, over time, can irritate your eyes more.


Question: How can you get dry eyes?

Answer: But sometimes certain diseases, medications, or even just getting older causes your eyes to make fewer tears. Try these simple home remedies to find relief: Tears are made of oil, water, and mucus. Your eyes need all three parts to stay moist and healthy. Inflamed and flaky eyelids may clog the oil-making glands along the edge of your lid and lead to dry eye.


Question: What are things that my doctor may discuss before getting loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)?

Answer: Before you agree to get one, make sure your doctor explains: Why they want you to have one What the results could mean What the risks, benefits, and complications could be Who will do it If there are other options A LEEP usually takes about 10 to 20 minutes.


Question: What do I need to know about loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)?

Answer: It has a wire loop on the end. An electric current heats the wire loop so your doctor can remove (excise) some cells and tissue on your cervix or in your vagina. Next, your doctor will put the LEEP tool through the speculum into your vagina and take out abnormal tissue.


Question: What if over-the-counter sleeping pills don't work for chronic fatigue syndrome sleeping problems?

Answer: If over-the-counter sleeping pills don't do the trick, your doctor might try you on a prescription sleeping pill. The goal with these drugs is to get your sleep on track at the lowest possible dose in the shortest amount of time. You aren't supposed to take them long term.


Question: What might your doctor suggest as a sleep aid for chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: If this doesn't improve your sleep, she might suggest an over-the-counter sleep aid, such as an over-the-counter antihistamine. While these can help you sleep soundly through the night, the downside is that the effects can last more than 8 hours. This means you could feel drowsy throughout the day, which is exactly what you're trying to avoid. But not all sleep aids affect everyone in the same way. Talk to your doctor about which type would be best for you and how to take it.


Question: How will your doctor check to see if you have good sleep habits if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Many people with ME/ CFS have some kind of sleep disorder. Getting a good (or at least better) night's sleep could help you feel less tired during the day. First, your doctor will probably make sure you have good sleep habits. These include sticking to a regular bedtime and wake time and keeping your bedroom quiet, dark, and cool.


Question: What are side effects of prescription sleep medications that your doctor may prescribe for chronic fatigue syndrome sleeping problems?

Answer: For example: Trazodone ( Desyrel) Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Muscle relaxants All prescription sleep medications cause side effects. But some of them -- daytime sleepiness, dizziness, unsteadiness, and memory lapse -- are also symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. You and your doctor should weigh the pros and cons. The beneficial effects of many of these medicines wear off in a few weeks, so they are not useful for long-term treatment.


Question: What do you do if chronic fatigue syndrome causes muscle and joint pain?

Answer: If ME/ CFS gives you muscle and joint pain, your doctor might suggest over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen. If these don't help, your doctor might prescribe stronger pain medications or refer you to a pain specialist.


Question: Are there medicines that can ease dizziness from chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome feel dizzy or light-headed whenever they stand or sit upright. If that sounds like you, prescription drugs that might help.


Question: What should you do if you have chronic fatigue syndrome and get depressed?

Answer: These include: Fludrocortisone ( Florinef) Midodrine ( Pro Amatine) Propranolol XL ( Inderal) About half of people with chronic fatigue syndrome develop depression at some point. If you and your doctor decide that an antidepressant is right for you, your doctor will choose one that's least likely to cause side effects that could worsen your chronic fatigue syndrome. She may also recommend that you go to a counselor for talk therapy.


Question: Can stimulant medications ease chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Some people are prescribed stimulants, like the ones used to treat ADHD. These medicines help ease fatigue and problems with memory and concentration. But they are tricky for chronic fatigue syndrome. They may give you energy and focus, which could cause you to get stuck in a cycle of overdoing it and then âcrashing.â That would make your condition worse. Since people with ME/ CFS are very sensitive to any medicines that affect the brain, some people experience irritation and agitation taking stimulants, in conventional doses. They should be prescribed in low doses, by doctors who frequently prescribe them and know how to handle the side effects. If you and your doctor decide to try a stimulant, there are a lot to choose from. She will help you pick the best one for you.


Question: What if your chronic fatigue syndrome is due to a virus?

Answer: The goal with these drugs is to get your sleep on track at the lowest possible dose in the shortest amount of time. But they are tricky for chronic fatigue syndrome. If that sounds like you, prescription drugs that might help.


Question: How does cervical fusion surgery for cervical disc disease work?

Answer: With cervical fusion surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged disc and places a bone graft (which is taken either from the patient's hip or from a cadaver) in the space between the vertebrae. The bone graft will eventually fuse to the vertebrae above and below it. A metal plate may be screwed into the vertebrae above and below the graft to hold the bone in place while it heals and fuses with the vertebrae.


Question: What are the risks of cervical disc surgery?

Answer: Although cervical disc surgery is generally safe, it does have a few risks, including: Infection Excessive bleeding Reaction to anesthesia Chronic neck pain Damage to the nerves, spinal cord, esophagus, or vocal cords Failure to heal After cervical fusion surgery, some people develop cervical disc problems above and/or below the previously affected disc.


Question: What causes cervical disc disease?

Answer: Cervical disc disease is caused by an abnormality in one or more discs -- the cushions -- that lie between the neck bones (vertebrae). When a disc is damaged -- due to arthritis or an unknown cause -- it can lead to neck pain from inflammation or muscle spasm. In severe cases, pain and numbness can occur in the arms from pressure on the cervical nerve roots.


Question: How does surgery for cervical disc disease work?

Answer: Surgery for cervical disc disease typically involves removing the disc that is pinching the nerve or pressing on the spinal cord. This surgery is called a discectomy. Depending on where the disc is located, the surgeon can remove it through a small incision either in the front (anterior discectomy) or back (posterior discectomy) of the neck while you are under anesthesia. A similar technique, microdiscectomy, removes the disc through a smaller incision using a microscope or other magnifying device.


Question: How do you recover from cervical disc surgery?

Answer: With cervical fusion surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged disc and places a bone graft (which is taken either from the patient's hip or from a cadaver) in the space between the vertebrae. You'll feel some pain in the area operated on, but it should ease over time. The fusion can take anywhere from three months to a year to become solid after surgery, and you could still have some symptoms during that time. Your doctor might recommend that you wear a cervical collar to support your neck for the first four to six weeks.


Question: What is open surgery for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: In this type of operation, the surgeon makes a cut about 7 or 8 inches long and opens up your muscle and tissues to get to the SI joint. He removes tissue called cartilage from between the sacrum and the ilium. The surgeon usually takes a piece of bone from your pelvis, called a bone graft, and puts it into the joint. He will also put a few screws in the joint to hold it together while it heals. Eventually, the bone graft turns into bone and the joint is fused together.


Question: How long can open surgery for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain take?

Answer: It can take up to 6 months to get back to full speed on all of your usual activities.


Question: What is minimally invasive fusion surgery for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Most SI joint fusion surgeries are this kind. The surgeon makes small cuts in your buttocks and uses X-ray scans to see where to go with the surgical tools. Then he drills holes in the sacrum and ilium and puts in implants to make the joint more stable.


Question: Is surgery an option for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain?

Answer: Most SI joint fusion surgeries are this kind.


Question: What is sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion surgery?

Answer: Sacroiliac Joint Fusion The SI joint lies between two bones, the sacrum and the ilium. The sacrum is a big, triangle-shaped bone at the base of your spine. The ilium is the big bone in your hip. The SI joint is where the sacrum meets the inside of the ilium. The idea behind SI joint fusion surgery is to join these bones together.


Question: What happens after my dog gets a heartworm treatment?

Answer: Six months after the heartworm treatment, your vet will do a blood test to check for worms. If they're still there, your dog will need another round of shots. If they're all gone, you continue the preventive medicine for the rest of your dog’s life and test for heartworms each year.


Question: How do you deworm a dog?

Answer: Your vet will give your dog medicine by mouth or in a shot to kill the worms. Many of these drugs are described as “broad-spectrum,” because they're good for treating a wide range of parasites, including worms that live in the gut. They're poisonous to pests, but safe for pets.


Question: What are heartworms in dogs?

Answer: These foot-long worms live in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. Mosquitoes carry the worms’ offspring from one dog’s blood to another’s. The vet will do a blood test to tell if your dog has heartworms.


Question: How does the vet diagnose your dog with worms?

Answer: Most worms that infect dogs -- including roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and whipworms -- live in the intestines, so that’s the first place for your vet to look. If it’s time for your dog’s annual check-up, or if you or your vet thinks your dog has worms, provide a fresh stool sample. Simply scoop up some of your pet’s poop, seal it in a clean plastic bag, and bring it to the appointment. If you can't do that, your vet can take a sample during the office visit. He'll check it under a microscope to see if it has worms or worm eggs, and, if so, what kind.


Question: When should I deworm my puppy?

Answer: The first round kills the worms that are there at the time.


Question: Can you catch worms from your dogs?

Answer: If you’re worried about catching worms from dogs, don't let them lick or kiss you or your kids. And make them sleep on their own bed -- not yours.


Question: How do you prevent worms in a dog?

Answer: Follow these simple steps to ward off worms: Make sure your vet checks your dog for all kinds of worms at least once a year (two to four times for puppies). Keep your dog flea-free. Get a prescription from your vet for the drug to prevent heartworms, and give it to your dog once a month. Ask your vet about an injection that can be given to your dog every six months, called Pro Heart. Clear your yard at least weekly and scoop up after your dog when you go for a walk. Wash your hands often, including after you pet animals and especially after picking up their waste.


Question: Can rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain make me inactive?

Answer: Inflammation also may make it harder for your body to absorb nutrients it needs to keep your bones strong, like calcium or vitamin D. Pain makes you inactive: RA can make you feel stiff, achy, or so tired that you don't feel like getting off the couch. Physical activity, like walking, helps keep your bones strong. If you don't exercise, your bones can get weaker over time. If RA keeps you from being active, you're at higher risk for osteoporosis.


Question: How can I get inflammation under control if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: RA drugs like methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) inhibitors, such as adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, etanercept ( Enbrel), etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel, infliximab ( Remicade), or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade, can stop inflammation and reduce your risk of a fracture.


Question: Should I smoke or drink if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Don't smoke or drink too much. Smoking raises your risk of osteoporosis. It also can cause women to go through menopause and start losing bone mass earlier in life. So if you smoke, quit now. Drinking too much also can make you more likely to lose bone or even to slip and fall.


Question: Is osteoporosis common?

Answer: Osteoporosis is very common, especially as you age. People at higher risk include women, particularly after menopause; people with thin frames; smokers; and people who don't get enough calcium or aren't active.


Question: How can I stay active if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Exercise helps you develop flexible joints, stronger muscles, and better balance with RA. It also can help you protect your bones from osteoporosis because it builds bone mass. The best activities for this are walking, dancing, climbing, or strength training. Even light exercise, like a short walk, can make your joints feel looser and keep your bones strong.


Question: How can I avoid accidents if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you have RA and are at risk for osteoporosis, take extra care not to slip or fall. Physical and occupational therapists can show you safer ways to do daily tasks and how to safely exercise. Yoga, tai chi, or low-impact aerobics may help you stay fit and improve your balance.


Question: Should I get bone tests if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: They can swell and break down. A bone-density test can tell you if your bones are starting to weaken (osteopenia). This test uses X-rays to see how much calcium and other bone minerals are in your bones. Your spine, hips, and forearms are the most common areas tested. You'll need to take these for a long time, so talk to your doctor to see if they're right for you.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause inflammation that leads to osteoporosis?

Answer: They can swell and break down. That can weaken your bones around the joints affected by RA, like the joints in your hands. Our bodies are always making new bone to replace bone that breaks down. Your bones get weaker, and that leads to osteoporosis. Inflammation also may make it harder for your body to absorb nutrients it needs to keep your bones strong, like calcium or vitamin D. Pain makes you inactive: RA can make you feel stiff, achy, or so tired that you don't feel like getting off the couch.


Question: How can I eat and drink properly for stronger bones?

Answer: But they can make it harder for your body to absorb calcium and vitamin D in your diet. Enjoy low-fat dairy products or dark, leafy green veggies to get calcium from natural sources. Get vitamin D in egg yolks, ocean fish, and liver. You may need calcium or vitamin D supplements.


Question: What is the treatment for advanced breast cancer?

Answer: But once cancer has spread, the most common treatments are ones that travel through your blood to treat your whole body. These include hormones that shrink tumors, chemotherapy and medicines that target certain types of cancer cells. Chemo shrinks tumors faster than hormones, but it has more side effects and may stop working after a while. Some people may choose to have a few different types of chemotherapy over time. Your doctor will recommend treatments she thinks will work, but only you can decide the types you want and how long to have them. Talk openly with your doctor about what you want to get out of your care.


Question: How does breast cancer spread?

Answer: Doctors think this happens because cancer cells spread to other organs through the blood or lymph system.


Question: What can I do to help myself manage advanced breast cancer?

Answer: Most people with advanced breast cancer have common concerns. Here are some tips that may help: Stay ahead of pain. Not everyone will have pain from their disease or treatment. If you do, don't assume that you just have to live with it. There are almost always ways to control it. If you hurt, talk to your doctor. You may need a new drug or a treatment plan that doesn't cause uncomfortable side effects. It may also help to add a pain doctor to your cancer team. Stay connected. Besides friends and family, there are many support services for people with advanced breast cancer. You can share how you're feeling and learn ways to live better every day. Your doctor can tell you how to find the right groups. Stay positive. Treatments for advanced breast cancer are getting better all the time. One that's right for you could be around the corner.


Question: Who can get advanced breast cancer and is there anything that can help it?

Answer: Advanced breast cancer mainly affects women, but men can get it, too. For anyone, it can turn life upside down. There's no cure for the disease, but there are treatments that can control it.


Question: Can breast cancer spread to other parts of the body?

Answer: This is called advanced breast cancer. You may also hear it called metastatic or stage IV disease. Although it's in other areas, it's still breast cancer and doctors treat it with breast cancer drugs. But once cancer has spread, the most common treatments are ones that travel through your blood to treat your whole body.


Question: What are the pros and cons of using sucralose as a sugar substitute?

Answer: It's 600 times sweeter than sugar. The Scoop: The FDA says it reviewed more than 100 safety studies before approving sucralose as a general-purpose sweetener for foods. Because it's heat-stable, you can use it for baking.


Question: What are pros and cons of using sugar alcohols as a sugar substitute?

Answer: What They Are: They don't contain the kind of alcohol you drink. These sweeteners, found in some fruit spreads, chocolate, baked goods, and even mouthwash, have names like xylitol and sorbitol. They're made from plant products. They have fewer calories than sugar. The Scoop: If you have diabetes, be aware that sugar alcohols are carbohydrates and can still raise your blood sugar. They can also act like laxatives or have other digestive symptoms in some people.


Question: What are the pros and cons of using saccharin as a sugar substitute?

Answer: What It Is: Saccharin has been around since the late 1800s, when a researcher spilled the chemical compound on his hand and realized it tasted sweet. It's between 300 and 500 times sweeter than table sugar and best known as Sweet' N Low. The Scoop: In the 1970s, saccharin got a warning label after lab tests in rats suggested a possible link to bladder cancer. " Since then, more than 30 studies demonstrated that the results found in rats were not relevant to humans, and that saccharin is safe for human consumption," the FDA's web site states.


Question: What are the pros and cons of using aspartame as a sugar substitute?

Answer: The Scoop: The FDA says that more than 90 studies support its safety. It's a combo of two amino acids that provide sweetness with almost no calories. Some people have reported that aspartame gives them headaches or dizziness or affects their moods, but studies haven't linked those symptoms to aspartame. If you have phenylketonuria ( PKU), a rare metabolic disorder, avoid aspartame, because it contains phenylalanine.


Question: What are the pros and cons of using acesulfame potassium (Acesulfame-K or Ace-K) as a sugar substitute?

Answer: What It Is: Two hundred times sweeter than sugar, acesulfame potassium is a man-made, no-calorie sweetener. You can find it in tabletop packets as Sunett or Sweet One, or in sugar-free gum, light juices, and light ice cream. The Scoop: The FDA says that more than 90 studies support its safety. What It Is: Sucralose, also known by its brand name Splenda, has a tag line that it's âmade from sugarâ (which it is).


Question: What are the pros and cons of using stevia as a sugar substitute?

Answer: What It Is: This natural, no-calorie sweetener, made from a South American plant, has been around for centuries. It's now in sodas and sports drinks, as well as tabletop packets (usually green), liquid drops, dissolvable tablets, and spoonable products, as well as baking blends. The Scoop: Highly purified stevia extracts, which are what you find on the market, are generally recognized as safe. Some people find that stevia can have a metallic aftertaste. Whole-leaf stevia or crude stevia extracts aren't FDA-approved.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose skin cancer?

Answer: Ifmelanomais diagnosed, other tests may be ordered to assess the degree of cancer spread (metastasis). They include: Imaging. Your doctor will order one or more tests to look for metastasis. They include CT scan, MRI, PET scan, bone scan, and chest X-ray. Other biopsies. Using a variety of techniques, your doctor may want to get tissue samples from lymph nodes. Skin growths that are most likely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or other forms of non-melanoma can be biopsied in various ways. Part or all of the growth can be taken with a scalpel for examination under a microscope.


Question: Can you get skin cancer again?

Answer: Anyone who has been treated for skin cancer of any kind should have a checkup at least twice a year. About 20% of skin cancer patients experience recurrence or a second separate tumor, often within the first two years after diagnosis.


Question: What procedures do doctors use to treat skin cancer?

Answer: In rare cases where basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma has begun to spread beyond the local skin site, the primary tumors are first removed surgically. Then patients may be treated with radiation, immunotherapy in the form of interferon, and rarely, chemotherapy. However, responses to this therapy are infrequent and short-lived. Rare patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma respond well to a combination of retinoic acid (a derivative of vitamin A) and interferon (a type of disease-fighting protein produced in labs for cancer immunotherapy). Retinoic acid may inhibit cancer recurrence in patients who have had tumors removed, but there is a lack of evidence to support either of these treatments. Vismodegib ( Erivedge) may be used to treat the rare cases of locally advanced, or metastatic, basal cell carcinoma and has been shown to shrink these tumors. Sonidegib ( Odomzo) can be used to treat patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma who are not candidates for surgery or radiation. It may also be used if the skin cancer returns after surgery or radiation.


Question: What diets can help treat skin cancer?

Answer: Skin experts know that the mineral zinc and the antioxidant vitamins A (beta-carotene), C, and E can help repair damaged body tissue and promote healthy skin. Now, researchers are trying to determine whether these and other nutrients might protect skin from the harmful effects of sunlight. To test the theory, selected skin cancer patients are given experimental supplements of these vitamins in the hope of preventing cancer recurrence. Thus far, no nutrient has been found to be protective against skin cancer.


Question: How do doctors treat melanoma tumors?

Answer: In rare cases where basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma has begun to spread beyond the local skin site, the primary tumors are first removed surgically. The surgeon removes the tumor fully, along with a safe margin of surrounding tissue and possibly nearby lymph nodes. Neither radiation nor chemotherapy will cure advanced melanoma, but either treatment may slow the disease and relieve symptoms. Chemotherapy, sometimes in combination with immunotherapy -- such as interferon, interleukin-2 -- is generally preferred. If melanoma spreads to the brain, radiation is used to slow the growth and control symptoms. Proton therapy may be used, as well.


Question: What is aerobic exercise and how does it affect diabetes?

Answer: Aerobic exercise: Any rhythmic physical activity that uses large muscle groups and causes the heart and lungs to work harder than when your body is at rest. Also called cardio exercise, it's been proven to lower blood sugar levels.


Question: How is overweight defined?

Answer: Overweight: Refers to someone with a BMI of between 25 and 29.9, who is carrying excess body fat. Someone who is overweight has an increased risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes.


Question: How is obesity defined?

Answer: Obese: Refers to someone with a BMI of 30 or higher, who is carrying a large amount of excess body fat. Too much body fat may cause or worsen health problems, including type 2 diabetes.


Question: What is a meal plan?

Answer: Meal plan (meal planning): Any strategy used to map out what you're going to eat. This term may refer to following a specific diet, or it may just indicate the process of thinking through what you plan to eat beforehand.


Question: What are whole grains and how do they affect people with diabetes?

Answer: Whole grains: Grains that have the entire grain kernel, including the nutrient-rich bran and germ. Refined grains (such as white bread), on the other hand, have had the bran and germ removed and contain only the starchy endosperm. Whole grains have more fiber than refined ones, so they're digested more slowly and won't cause your blood sugar to rise as fast.


Question: What is strength training and how does it affect diabetes?

Answer: Strength training: Physical activity designed to build muscle strength or muscle mass. Some examples include lifting free weights, working with weight machines, and exercising with resistance bands. Also called resistance exercise, it can help make your body use insulin more effectively.


Question: What are carbohydrates (carbs)?

Answer: Carbohydrates (carbs): A primary source of food your body uses for energy. These include simple carbohydrates (such as honey, table sugar, and high-fructose corn syrup), as well as complex carbohydrates. Complex carbs include starches (such as bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes) and dietary fiber (found in fruits and vegetables, nuts, and whole grains).


Question: What is sodium and what role does it play in diabetes?

Answer: Sodium: A mineral found in salt. Getting too much -- as most Americans do -- can raise your blood pressure, and, in turn, raise your risk of heart attack and stroke. Since these problems are often tied to diabetes, it's important to watch your intake. Processed foods tend to be very high in sodium.


Question: What is blood sugar and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Blood sugar: Also called blood glucose, this is the sugar that's in your bloodstream. People withtype 2 diabeteshave too much blood sugar because insulin levels or actions aren't working well.


Question: What is fiber as it pertains to diabetes?

Answer: Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. It can't be broken down into sugar. You'll find it in fruit, vegetables, beans, whole grains, and nuts. High-fiber foods tend to be bulky and require extra chewing, so they may boost your weight loss efforts by helping you feel fuller longer. Fiber plays an important role in the digestive process, and getting enough may also help improve your blood sugar levels.


Question: What is carbohydrate counting?

Answer: Carbohydrate counting: A meal-planning technique used by some people with diabetes. It involves tracking the grams of carbs in food to ensure that you don't eat more than a predetermined amount at a given meal. You can count each serving of carbohydrates, since each serving of carbs is 15 grams. If you choose this strategy, your doctor or diabetes educator will tell you how many total carbs to aim for in each meal or the total daily amount.


Question: What is protein and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Protein: A substance made up of amino acids that your body needs to function. You'll find protein in meat, poultry, fish, legumes, tofu, eggs, nuts, seeds, and dairy products. Meats don't contain carbohydrates, so they won't raise your blood sugar.


Question: What is fat as it pertains to diabetes?

Answer: Fat: A nutrient you need for energy and other bodily functions. Although some fat is necessary, it's important not to overdo it. Try to pick healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) over unhealthy ones (saturated and trans) as often as possible.


Question: What is metabolism?

Answer: Metabolism: The process of converting food into the energy that allows your body to function. People who have a fast metabolism (metabolic rate) use up calories more quickly than those with slower metabolisms. One way you can increase your metabolism is by exercising.


Question: What is a dietitian?

Answer: Dietitian: Also called a nutritionist, this is an expert who is trained in the science of nutrition and advises others about healthy eating. Some nutritionists are registered dietitians ( RD or RDN); this credential means that someone has completed a higher level of training and passed a registration exam.


Question: What are sugar alcohols and are they okay for people with diabetes?

Answer: Sugar alcohols: A type of low-calorie sweetener that's often used in "diet" and "sugar-free" foods. These usually end in "-ol." Examples include erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol. Foods containing these sweeteners may still have carbs and can increase blood sugar, so be sure to check the nutrition label. Sugar alcohols may cause stomach upset in some people.


Question: What is a starch and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Starch: A type of carbohydrate found in grains, as well as in starchy vegetables such as peas, corn, beans, and potatoes. Just like sugar (another type of carbohydrate), starch can raise your blood sugar; so it's important to pay attention to how much you're eating.


Question: What are glucose tablets?

Answer: Glucose tablets: Chewable sugar used by people with diabetes to raise their blood sugar quickly when it drops dangerously low (hypoglycemia). These products come in a variety of flavors and forms such as gels, liquids, and powders, as well. If you take a medication that makes you prone to this problem, your doctor may tell you to carry glucose tablets with you -- especially during exercise.


Question: What is chordee?

Answer: In chordee, the penis usually curves downward. The urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias). Surgery can usually correct chordee.


Question: What causes chordee?

Answer: During development in the womb, more elastic tissue may develop on the top half of the penis than on the bottom half. This can cause the penis to curve during erections. Other developmental problems that can lead to chordee include: Skin tethering, usually on the underside of the penis, making a straight erection impossible Abnormal development of scar tissue in or around the urethra (urinary tube) Often in chordee, the urinary opening also does not develop properly. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias).


Question: What happens to the urinary tract of a person with chordee?

Answer: Other developmental problems that can lead to chordee include: Skin tethering, usually on the underside of the penis, making a straight erection impossible Abnormal development of scar tissue in or around the urethra (urinary tube) Often in chordee, the urinary opening also does not develop properly. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urinary opening may be on the underside of the penis (hypospadias).


Question: How is hypospadias, in relation to chordee, treated?

Answer: If hypospadias is present, additional techniques are used during surgery to try to bring the urethral opening to its proper place at the tip of the penis. In infant boys, correction of hypospadias is usually a routine part of surgery to repair chordee. In adult men, correction of severe hypospadias can be difficult, and may require multiple surgeries.


Question: How is surgery for chordee done?

Answer: It can be done as outpatient surgery. After the surgery, a dressing will be wrapped around the penis to decrease swelling. The surgeon may ask that the child use a catheter instead of urinating for the first seven days after surgery.


Question: What are other forms of chordee?

Answer: Some doctors may use the term chordee for any downward curvature of the penis, including those not due to a problem with development. Most often, these forms of chordee occur in adulthood after surgery to correct some other problem with the penis.


Question: How can surgery help with treating chordee?

Answer: Surgery is the only effective treatment for chordee. The ideal time for chordee repair is before age 2. If chordee is detected prior to this time, surgery can usually repair chordee (and hypospadias, if present). If chordee is not diagnosed until adulthood, surgery can still be an effective treatment. Some men or older boys may require additional surgery to achieve a final repair of chordee.


Question: What are some household cleaning shortcuts?

Answer: For super speedy cleanups, try these shortcuts: Keep cleaning products together in a pail or basket so they're ready when you are and can be carried from room to room. While a disinfectant is sitting, tackle another chore. Use a plastic can liner to help control trash spills and leaking and to cut down on wastebasket and garbage can cleaning. To keep spills in the refrigerator and on floors from turning into bigger messes, clean and sanitize them as they happen.


Question: What will my doctor do if I have paronychia?

Answer: If you seek medical help: The doctor may sample pus or fluid and prescribe an oral antibiotic. In chronic cases of paronychia, your doctor may prescribe an anti-fungal topical. If a pus-filled abscess pocket develops, a doctor may need to drain it.


Question: What are the different types of ejaculation disorders?

Answer: There are different types of ejaculation disorders in men, including: Premature ejaculation: This refers to ejaculation that occurs before or soon after penetration. Inhibited or retarded ejaculation: This is when ejaculation is slow to occur. Retrograde ejaculation: This occurs when, at orgasm, the ejaculate is forced back into the bladder rather than through the urethra and out the end of the penis.


Question: How are male sexual problems diagnosed?

Answer: To diagnose a man's sexual problem, the doctor likely will begin with a thorough history of symptoms and a physical exam. He or she may order other tests to rule out any medical problems that may be contributing to the dysfunction. The doctor may refer you to other health professionals, including a urologist (a doctor specializing in the urinary tract and male reproductive system), sex therapist, and other counselors.


Question: What causes low sexual desire?

Answer: Reduced libido can result from physical or psychological factors. It has been associated with low levels of the hormone testosterone. It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties.


Question: Who has sexual dysfunction?

Answer: Both men and women are affected by sexual problems.


Question: What is erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Also known as impotence, erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to attain and/or maintain an erection suitable for intercourse. Causes of erectile dysfunction include diseases affecting blood flow, such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries); nerve disorders; psychological factors, such as stress, depression, and performance anxiety (nervousness over his ability to sexually perform); and injury to the penis. Chronic illness, certain drugs, and a condition called Peyronie's disease (scar tissue in the penis) also can cause erectile dysfunction.


Question: How can diabetes affect sexual performance for men?

Answer: Retrograde ejaculation is common in males with diabetes who suffer from diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage). This is due to problems with the nerves in the bladder and the bladder neck that allow the ejaculate to flow backward.


Question: What are the most common sexual problems for men?

Answer: The most common sexual problems in men are ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, and inhibited sexual desire.


Question: What can cause sexual dysfunction in men?

Answer: These conditions include diabetes, heart and vascular (blood vessel) disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, the side effects of certain medications, including some antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual desire and function. Psychological causes: These include work-related stress and anxiety, concern about sexual performance, marital or relationship problems, depression, feelings of guilt, and the effects of a past sexual trauma.


Question: How common is sexual dysfunction?

Answer: Both men and women are affected by sexual problems.


Question: When should I call my doctor about sexual dysfunction?

Answer: Many men experience a problem with sexual function from time to time. However, when the problems are persistent, they can cause distress for the man and his partner and have a negative impact on their relationship. If you consistently experience sexual function problems, see your doctor for evaluation and treatment.


Question: What is sexual dysfunction?

Answer: A sexual problem, or sexual dysfunction, refers to a problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents the man or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the activity.


Question: How are male sexual problems treated?

Answer: Many cases of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems. Medications: Medications, such as Cialis, Levitra, Staxyn, Stendra, or Viagra may help improve erectile function in men by increasing blood flow to the penis. Promescent is a drug used to treat premature ejaculation. Hormones: Men with low levelsof testosterone may benefit from testosterone replacement therapy. Mechanical aids: Aids such as vacuum devices and penile implants may help men with erectile dysfunction. Education and communication: Education about sex and sexual behaviors and responses may help a man overcome his anxieties about sexual performance.


Question: Can I prevent sexual dysfunction?

Answer: It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties. Increase communication with your partner. If you consistently experience sexual function problems, see your doctor for evaluation and treatment.


Question: Can psychological factors cause sexual problems for men?

Answer: Premature ejaculation, the most common form of sexual dysfunction in men, often is due to nervousness over how well he will perform during sex. It also may be caused by psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression; medical illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure; certain medications, including some antidepressants; and relationship difficulties.


Question: How can you treat a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: If you suspect your small child was bitten by a brown recluse, see your doctor right away. Their bodies can't ward off the dangerous effects of the spider's venom. For adults, most brown recluse spider bites can be treated at home with good results. But about 10% of them cause ulcers or blisters that damage your skin so badly that you need a doctor's care.


Question: What are the symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: A bite might not hurt at first or even leave a mark. For some people, it feels like a pinch or a bee sting. Within the first day or two after you've been bitten, you may notice: Pain or redness at the site of the bite A deep sore (ulcer) that forms where you were bitten, with the skin at the center turning purple Fever Chills Nausea Joint pain Feeling weak Seizures or coma (very rare) Your doctor will want to be as certain as he can that you were, in fact, bitten by a spider.


Question: What are home remedies for a brown recluse spider bite?

Answer: If your symptoms are mild, try these simple home remedies: Clean it with soap and water. Apply antibiotic cream. If you were bitten on an arm or leg, keep it raised while you're resting. This can reduce swelling. Put ice on it. Take over-the-counter pain medicine. Watch for more severe symptoms.


Question: What should you know about brown recluse spiders?

Answer: They tend to live in indoor and outdoor spaces where people don't go most of the time. If you do find yourself in the same place as one, though, it won't want to attack you -- it'll want to get out of your way. But if it feels trapped, it may bite you. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Brown recluse spiders are one of two spiders found in the United States that can cause real trouble if they bite you. They produce harmful venom that may cause a painful sore at the site of the bite. It may cause even more severe symptoms in some people. If you have a run-in with a brown recluse, it's wise to have a doctor check you out, just in case. Some people try to catch the bug to show the doctor.


Question: Does sleep help if you have summertime depression?

Answer: Vacations, summer barbecues, the short nights â they can all encourage you to stay up later than usual. But not getting enough sleep is a common trigger for depression. So make a concerted effort to get to bed on time.


Question: How does exercise help if you have summer depression?

Answer: Many studies have found that regular physical activity can help keep depression at bay. Start earlier in the morning or later in the evening, when it's not so hot. If an annual membership to a gym is too expensive, consider joining one for a couple of months just to get you through the summer. Or will it stretch your finances, stress you out, and make you fall behind at work? You keep asking yourself, â What's wrong with me?â Try not to think that way.


Question: Why should I not overdo dieting and fitness when I have summer depression?

Answer: Especially hard is that you feel like you're supposed to be having a great time. You may rely on unhealthy takeout because it's just too stifling to cook. Instead, exercise sensibly and eat moderately.


Question: How should I plan my summer vacation if I have summer depression?

Answer: â People are feeling more financially strapped. Before you book your plane tickets or load up your car's roof rack for your annual summer vacation, ask yourself this: Is this what you really want? Instead of taking a whole week off at once, might it be better to take off several long weekends spread out through the summer? Would taking time off but staying at home â a âstaycationâ â be more relaxing? Don't get locked into a vacation that won't feel like a vacation.


Question: How should I get help if I have summer depression?

Answer: Get help. Talk to a therapist, like a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker. Or see your general medical doctor or a psychiatrist who can evaluate whether medicines for depression might be appropriate. Never take the signs of depression lightly. Don't wait them out, assuming they'll resolve. Sometimes, what started as summer depression can turn into a longer-lasting bout of major depression, Cook tells Web MD.


Question: When might my doctor need to adjust my medicine for summer depression?

Answer: Start earlier in the morning or later in the evening, when it's not so hot. Talk to your doctor about adjusting your medication. If you're on medicine for depression, and you find that summer â year after year â makes your depression worse, talk to your doctor about changing your dosage.


Question: How common is summertime seasonal affective disorder (SAD) occur?

Answer: You've probably heard about seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, which affects about 4% to 6% of the U. S. population. SAD typically causes depression as the days get shorter and colder. But about 10% of people with SAD get it in the reverse -- the onset of summer triggers their depression symptoms. Specific symptoms of summer depression often include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, weight loss, and anxiety.


Question: What is the treatment for someone with anemia and rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment: When someone with RA has anemia, the first step is to lower inflammation and get the RA under control. You may also need to take iron supplements if you're low on iron. You can also get anemia from blood loss.


Question: Is depression related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Not everyone with RA gets depressed, but depression isn't unusual in people who have the disease.


Question: What is the treatment for depression related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms may include: Deep feelings of sadness, anxiety, emptiness, hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt Loss of interest in things you once enjoyed Insomnia Trouble concentrating or making decisions Treatment: Many people talk with a counselor and take antidepressants, if needed. If you have symptoms of depression, tell your doctor. That way, you can work together to figure out the best treatment for you and get started ASAP.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia that are related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms: Fatigue Weakness Dizziness Headaches People with anemia sometimes also have pale skin, brittle nails, cold hands and feet, chest pain, or an irregular heartbeat. Or you may not have any symptoms at all.


Question: What is the treatment for heart disease related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment: If you have heart disease, your doctor will talk with you about your diet, exercise, weight, and stress. If you smoke, quit. Your doctor can give you advice to help with that. She may also prescribe drugs that lower cholesterol or blood pressure.


Question: What are the symptoms of SjÃ¶grenâs syndrome related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms: For people with RA, the most common symptom of Sjogren's is dry eyes and mouth. It can also show up as dry skin, dry coughing, and vaginal dryness.


Question: What are the symptoms of rheumatoid lung disease?

Answer: Symptoms: There aren't always warning signs, but when there are, they may include cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Ask your doctor if you should get a chest X-ray or other tests to check for problems.


Question: What is the treatment for SjÃ¶grenâs syndrome related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment: Artificial tears are the usual treatment for dry eyes. Some people may need special eye lubricants. Severe cases may require medications to tame the inflammation. If you have dry mouth, sip water often. Suck on sugarless candies so your body will make more saliva. If your case is severe, you may need medicine for it.


Question: What is the treatment for rheumatoid lung disease?

Answer: Treatment: The first step is to control inflammation. Your doctor may need to drain fluid around your lungs. If you have interstitial lung disease, which causes scarring, your doctor may prescribe steroids or other medications to reduce its progress. If scar tissue has built up in your lungs, it will stay, but medications may slow down the damage.


Question: Is heart disease related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: People with RA are more likely than others to get heart disease or have a stroke. It is likely related to chronic inflammation.


Question: What are the symptoms of heart disease related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms: Heart disease doesn't always show symptoms before a crisis (like a heart attack or stroke) happens. You may have chest pain after you're active. Your doctor can check your cholesterol, blood pressure, and other things that can help predict illness.


Question: Is anemia related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you have this condition, you don't have enough red blood cells. Their job is to carry oxygen to all parts of your body. Many people with RA have it, and it can be treated.


Question: What is osteoporosis and how is it related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: In this condition, bones are fragile and thin, making them more likely to break. People with RA are more likely than other people to get osteoporosis. The disease may also cause bone loss, and so can some medications, like steroids. Also, if RA pain makes you less active, you might be more likely to get osteoporosis.


Question: What are the symptoms of depression related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms may include: Deep feelings of sadness, anxiety, emptiness, hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt Loss of interest in things you once enjoyed Insomnia Trouble concentrating or making decisions Treatment: Many people talk with a counselor and take antidepressants, if needed.


Question: Is rheumatoid arthritis related to other conditions?

Answer: When you have RA, you're more likely to have certain other conditions. You and your doctor can work together to treat them. It's related to inflammation.


Question: What is vasculitis and how is it related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment: The first step is to control inflammation. It's most common in advanced RA. The amount of damage depends on the size of the arteries. Inflammation of small and medium arteries, like those that lead to the fingertips and nails, can harm skin and tissues. When vasculitis hits larger arteries, it can lead to nerve damage, problems using your arms or legs, or damage to your internal organs.


Question: How do long-lasting schizophrenia drugs work?

Answer: Long-lasting drugs, which your doctor may call long-acting injectables, improve symptoms the same way as pills called antipsychotics. They change how some of your brain chemicals act.


Question: What are the advantages of taking long-acting injectable drugs to treat schizophrenia?

Answer: Anyone who has to take a daily pill knows that it can be tough to stay on schedule. But people with schizophrenia and other serious forms of mental illness have extra challenges. They sometimes don't think they are sick, especially in the early stages of their disease. They may hear voices that persuade them not to take medication. If they do take it, they might stop as soon as their symptoms go away. In several studies, only 40% to 60% of people with schizophrenia stay on track with their daily meds.


Question: What is the right medicine for someone with schizophrenia?

Answer: You may also have to continue taking your daily pill for the first few weeks after getting your first long-acting shot, since it will take some time for enough of the drug to get released into your body. Your doctor can help you decide what type of medicine is best. You may have to try several to find the right one for you. Whether you end up using a daily pill or a long-lasting drug, chances are there's one that can help you manage your schizophrenia or bipolar symptoms.


Question: How do the side effects of daily pills differ from those associated with long-acting injectable drugs for schizophrenia?

Answer: Antipsychotic medicines can also make you sleepy or dizzy, and they can cause skin rashes, rapid heartbeat, blurred vision, and muscle shakiness or stiffness. Some can also make you gain weight and put you at risk for diabetes or high cholesterol. These side effects can happen whether you take the daily pill or the shot. The difference is that the long-acting type takes more time to leave your body. Your doctor can stop or change the dosage of daily medicine that's causing a bad reaction, but you'll have to wait weeks for a long-lasting drug to run its course.


Question: How often does someone with schizophrenia take paliperidone?

Answer: These antipsychotic drugs come in a long-lasting form: Aripiprazole ( Abilify Maintena) Aripiprazole lauroxil ( Aristada) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Olanzapine pamoate ( Zyprexa Relprevv) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Risperidone ( Risperdal Consta) Paliperidone also comes in a newer formula, marketed as Invega Trinza, that you take just four times a year. To get a prescription for this medicine, you first need to use Invega Sustenna, which you take monthly, for at least 4 months.


Question: Which schizophrenia drugs come in a long-lasting form?

Answer: These antipsychotic drugs come in a long-lasting form: Aripiprazole ( Abilify Maintena) Aripiprazole lauroxil ( Aristada) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Olanzapine pamoate ( Zyprexa Relprevv) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza) Risperidone ( Risperdal Consta) Paliperidone also comes in a newer formula, marketed as Invega Trinza, that you take just four times a year.


Question: How does someone inject long-acting drugs into themselves?

Answer: You don't inject long-acting drugs yourself. You need to go to a doctor or a nurse, who uses a needle to put the medicine into your upper arm or buttocks. Once the medicine gets into your muscle, it's slowly released into your body over days, weeks, or months.


Question: Who are long-lasting drugs for schizophrenia recommended for?

Answer: And because a health care professional has to give you the shot, it's easier for your doctor to know whether you're keeping up with your treatment. Generally, long-lasting drugs are recommended for people whose symptoms get better with pills or liquid meds, but who have trouble taking them every day. So they're often not prescribed until someone has had schizophrenia for several years.


Question: What are some serious side effects of long-acting injectable drugs for schizophrenia?

Answer: You need to go to a doctor or a nurse, who uses a needle to put the medicine into your upper arm or buttocks. You'll need to make time for these appointments, and make sure you can get there and back safely. A serious side effect called post-injection delirium sedation syndrome affects less than 1% of people after taking olanzapine pamoate ( Zyprexa Relprevv), a long-acting medicine. It can cause dizziness, confusion, and movements you can't control, and it usually happens within an hour of getting a shot. Because of this small risk, you'll need to stay at your doctor's office for at least 3 hours after your shot so you can be watched for side effects.


Question: How do the side effects of long-acting injectable drugs for schizophrenia end?

Answer: If they do take it, they might stop as soon as their symptoms go away. Before you start taking a long-lasting drug, your doctor will probably prescribe the daily pill form first, so you can be sure it works well for you.


Question: What do studies suggest about long-acting schizophrenia drugs?

Answer: Or they may think they're well enough that they don't need them anymore. But a study from UCLA suggests that people who recently found out they have schizophrenia can benefit from long-acting drugs, too. In that study, those who got shots every two weeks were more likely to stick with their treatment plan than people who were prescribed daily pills. Very few of the people who got the shots -- just 5% -- had their symptoms come back, compared with 33% in the pill group.


Question: What are the problems with taking schizophrenia drugs every day?

Answer: But there's a catch: A lot of folks quit their meds. Sometimes they just forget to take them. That's where long-lasting drugs can help. You need to take them as a shot only once or twice a month. But since you take them every 2 to 4 weeks (or sometimes even as long as every 3 months) instead of every day, the medicine stays in your body longer. And because a health care professional has to give you the shot, it's easier for your doctor to know whether you're keeping up with your treatment.


Question: What are drying guide for a dry hair?

Answer: Squeeze wetness out of your hair. Rubbing a towel back and forth causes friction, which breaks your hair. Spray on a detangling, moisturizing product before using the blow dryer, flat iron, or curling iron. This protects against the heat and keeps your hair from drying out. For maximum protection, spray it on from the ends to the roots and then brush through, rather than combing, to cover hair completely. Use natural boar bristle brushes while blow drying. Hold the blow dryer 4 to 6 inches away from the brush as you style.


Question: What is Fluzone?

Answer: Fluzone is a high-dose version for those ages 65 and older. It's better at protecting an older person's immune system. There is a âneedle-lessâ option for people ages 18 to 64: the jet injector vaccine with Afluria, which uses a tool and high pressure to deliver the vaccine.


Question: How can you get the flu?

Answer: But you can't catch the flu from the vaccine. You can also pick it up from touching a surface -- like the restaurant table where a sick person dined before you. Flu germs can linger on places like tables, counters, desks, doorknobs, and faucets for up to 8 hours. When you touch a germy surface and put your hands on your eyes, nose, or mouth, your fingers bring the virus right into your body.


Question: How are placebos used?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Researchers use placebos during studies to help them understand what effect a new drug or some other treatment might have on a particular condition. For instance, some people in a study might be given a new drug to lower cholesterol. Others would get a placebo. None of the people in the study will know if they got the real treatment or the placebo. Researchers then compare the effects of the drug and the placebo on the people in the study.


Question: Is the placebo effect real?

Answer: The fact that the placebo effect is tied to expectations doesn't make it imaginary or fake. Some studies show that there are actual physical changes that occur with the placebo effect.


Question: What is a placebo?

Answer: It could be a pill, a shot, or some other type of "fake" treatment. One problem with the placebo effect is that it can be difficult to distinguish from the actual effects of a real drug during a study.


Question: Could strep throat and other winter illnesses affect my psoriasis?

Answer: If you suffer from psoriasis, an infection by bacteria and viruses can cause symptoms to flare. A strep infection, specifically, is a known trigger for guttate psoriasis, a form of the disease that causes red, droplet-shaped lesions to develop on the abdomen, back, arms, and legs. Although researchers don't know the exact cause of psoriasis, the immune system seems to play a key role in its development. Germs, illness, viruses or bacteria -- anything that temporarily revs up your immune system -- may cause your symptoms to worsen. Even something as simple as a common cold or respiratory virus may trigger a psoriasis flare. Strive to keep yourself healthy by eating a balanced diet, getting regular physical activity, getting enough rest and keeping stress levels under control.


Question: Can I get a flu shot if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Since getting the flu may temporarily alter your immune system and could worsen your psoriasis, you're wise to think about getting immunized against the flu. There should be no problem getting a flu shot during an active psoriasis flare -- just make sure the flu vaccine you receive does not contain any live virus. Due to a risk of complication from some vaccinations for people with psoriasis, always check with a health care provider before getting your flu vaccine.


Question: How can I safely get the ultraviolet light my skin needs?

Answer: Also, the lack of humidity in the air outside and the dry heat in most buildings during the colder months can rob your skin of the moisture it needs. Definitely don't go running off to the tanning booth -- there are safer ways to get your psoriasis-easing ultraviolet rays. The medical use of light rays to treat psoriasis is known as phototherapy. A variety of options exist, which can be done in a doctor's office, psoriasis clinic, or even the comfort of your home. The form of light known as ultraviolet light B ( UVB) seems to be the most beneficial for treating psoriasis. Your doctor may prescribe a certain amount of UVB exposure depending on your symptoms. If your doctor does choose this form of light therapy for your psoriasis, ask whether you should consider purchasing a home UVB unit. Other phototherapy options for psoriasis treatment include the use of ultraviolet light A ( UVA) in conjunction with special medications that respond to these light rays. This is rarely used, however, because it can cause skin cancer. Looking for a reason to take a getaway to some tropical locale?


Question: Why do my psoriasis signs and symptoms get worse in the fall and winter?

Answer: Dry air and low levels of exposure to sunlight's ultraviolet rays likely cause worsening psoriasis symptoms during fall and winter. Also, the lack of humidity in the air outside and the dry heat in most buildings during the colder months can rob your skin of the moisture it needs. You may be able to alleviate dryness-related psoriasis symptoms by regularly moisturizing your skin and using a humidifier at home.


Question: What is the health complication PANDAS and how is it linked to strep throat?

Answer: This term describes children with things such as obsessive compulsive disorder and tic disorder whose symptoms get worse after strep throat or scarlet fever.


Question: What is strep throat?

Answer: It can make your throat red, swollen, and sore. You can usually clear it up with antibiotics, but in rare instances, it can lead to more serious complications. These can be related either to the infection itself or to the way your immune system responds.


Question: Can strep throat lead to scarlet fever?

Answer: Scarlet fever: You get a noticeable rash with this. Like rheumatic fever, it's most common in children. The rash usually first appears on the neck, underarm, and groin area. From there, it spreads. Your child can take antibiotics for it. It can lead to long-term health problems if left untreated.


Question: Who has a higher chance of getting complications from strep throat?

Answer: Some of the people with a higher chance of getting a strep complication include: Children with chickenpox Those with weakened immune systems Older folks with diabetes or cancer Someone who has been burned Most of the time, you can avoid complications if you get treated and follow your doctor's instructions on how often and how long to take antibiotics.


Question: Can strep throat lead to deeper infections?

Answer: You may hear these called âinvasive strep infections.â They include: Infection of tissue underneath the skin: Fat and muscle can become infected with the strep bacteria. The formal name for this is necrotizing fasciitis, and you may hear it called the âflesh-eating disease.â It's life threatening, but strep throat very rarely leads to this condition -- less than 1 child in a million each year.


Question: Can strep throat lead to blood infections?

Answer: Blood infections: The strep bacteria can also get into your bloodstream, where they don't normally live. This is called âbacteremia.â If the strep bacteria release toxins in multiple organs, it can create another rare, life-threatening condition called âstreptococcal toxic shock syndromeâ that can cause organ failure.


Question: What are symptoms of blood infections from strep throat?

Answer: But call your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.


Question: Can strep throat cause skin infections?

Answer: It can make your throat red, swollen, and sore. You can usually clear it up with antibiotics, but in rare instances, it can lead to more serious complications. The bacteria that create strep throat can spread to other parts of your body if antibiotics don't kill them. This can cause infections in places near your throat, including your: Middle ear Sinuses Tonsils There are other problems the bacteria can cause, too. But call your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.


Question: How safe is a liver biopsy?

Answer: In most instances, there are no complications in obtaining a liver biopsy. However, rarely, internal bleeding may occur, as well as a leak of bile from the liver or gallbladder. There is a slight risk of a pneumothorax, also called a collapsed lung, if the biopsy needle makes a hole in the chest wall causing air to enter.


Question: What symptoms should I look out for within 72 hours of my liver biopsy?

Answer: If these symptoms occur within 72 hours of the biopsy, call your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room: Fever Dizziness Chills Difficulty breathing Chest pain Abdominal swelling or bloating Increasing abdominal pain Tenderness or severe pain or redness at the site of the biopsy or in the shoulder, chest, or abdomen


Question: What is the key ingredient in Hydroxycut?

Answer: Hydroxycut isn't just one product. It's a family of dietary supplements sold without a prescription as weight loss aids. The key ingredient in most Hydroxycut products is Robusta coffee extract ( C. canephora robusta).


Question: What are some biologic agents that treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: DMARDs include: hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil) leflunomide ( Arava) methotrexate ( Folex, Rheumatrex) sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine) tofacitinib ( Xeljanz) DMARDs also include drugs known as biologic modifiers; these are usually used with methotrexate. Biologic agents include: abatacept ( Orencia) adalimumab ( Humira) adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira anakinra ( Kineret) certolizumab ( Cimzia) etanercept ( Enbrel) etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), a biosimilar to Enbrel golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) infliximab ( Remicade) infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade rituximab ( Rituxan) sarilumab ( Kevzara) tocilizumab ( Actemra) NSAIDs may also be used to treat hip RA. NSAIDs may be over-the-counter or prescription strength.


Question: What are the symptoms of hip rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Hip RA can cause symptoms such as severe pain, stiffness, and swelling. With RA hip pain, you may have discomfort and stiffness in the thigh and groin. Other symptoms of RA include fatigue, loss of appetite, pain, swelling, and stiffness in other joints. RA symptoms can come on gradually or suddenly.


Question: When should I worry about my baby's vision?

Answer: So you're not imaging it when you see your baby fixate on your face and eyes, especially during a feeding, when your face is about a foot away. If your baby never seems to fixate on objects about a foot away -- especially your face -- in the first weeks or months, tell your pediatrician. At three to four months, if your baby still looks "cross-eyed" (the left and right eyes seem to be looking in different directions), this could be a sign of a visual or eye muscle problem and should be evaluated at your next check-up. Be sure to tell your pediatrician if you're concerned.


Question: How well can newborn babies see?

Answer: However, newborns cannot see very far -- only objects that are 8-15 inches away. Newborns prefer to look at faces over other shapes and objects and at round shapes with light and dark borders (such as your adoring eyes). Just after birth, a baby sees only in black and white, with shades of gray. As the months go by, he/she will slowly start to develop his color vision at around 4 months. So you're not imaging it when you see your baby fixate on your face and eyes, especially during a feeding, when your face is about a foot away.


Question: What are 5 steps to lower my cholesterol?

Answer: Ask for expert advice. Give your diet a makeover. Go for foods, like oatmeal, walnuts, tuna, salmon, sardines, and tofu. Stay away from items that are high in trans and saturated fats and simple sugars. No smoking. It lowers your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. There are lots of other benefits too, for your whole body. Get moving! Even modest amounts of exercise, like half an hour a day of brisk walking, helps you control weight. It's also good for other things that put you at risk for heart disease, like diabetes and high blood pressure. Exercise can lower your triglyceride levels and raise your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. Both are good for your heart. Take your medications.


Question: What are the different types of cholesterol?

Answer: You want to lower the âbadâ kind, LDL, and triglycerides, which your body stores in fat cells. On the other hand, you want to raise your âgoodâ ( HDL) cholesterol. It helps get rid of the bad kinds. There are lots of other benefits too, for your whole body.


Question: What questions can I ask my doctor about my new prescription?

Answer: What is the prescription? Does it matter what time of day I take this drug? What side effects should I watch for? What should I do if I have a bad reaction? How will this drug interact with other prescription or over-the-counter drugs I am taking? How will this drug interact with vitamins, herbal supplements, or foods? Are there other prescription, over-the-counter, or generic drugs I could take instead?


Question: What are good food sources of calcium?

Answer: Good sources of calcium include: Milk Cheese Yogurt Broccoli, kale, and Chinese cabbage Fortified cereals, juices, soy products, and other foods Tofu Experts say that most adults in the U. S. don't get enough calcium.