Question: How do triglycerides affect your risk of diabetes?

Answer: Luckily, with some effort, you can lower your triglycerides -- which can help you lower your chance of developing diabetes. If you have insulin resistance, you're one step closer to type 2 diabetes. When you have prediabetes (or diabetes), you are also likely to have high triglycerides. Beyond this cascade of problems, diabetes dramatically increases your risk of heart disease, which could lead to a heart attack or stroke.


Question: What are indications of prediabetes?

Answer: If you do, you've taken another giant step closer to type 2 diabetes. When you have prediabetes (or diabetes), you are also likely to have high triglycerides. If your blood sugar levels climb to a high enough level, you have diabetes.


Question: What is the most common symptom of psoriasis?

Answer: They're often covered with white or silvery scales. You can remove these flakes. Some used for psoriasis include: Salicylic acid: Also found in acne medicines, it's one of the most common treatments for psoriasis.


Question: How long should someone soak in the tub for to remove dead skin caused by psoriasis?

Answer: This causes the outer layer to shed, which softens and removes scales. Take 15 minutes to sit in a bath. Because hot temperatures are drying, keep the water lukewarm. High amounts of magnesium in Dead Sea and Epsom salts helps gently slough off dead skin and get rid of redness caused by psoriasis. Avoid harsh or scented soaps, which can strip the skin's natural oils. After bathing, gently remove the skin with your fingers, tweezers, or wet washcloth. You can also use a pumice stone or nail file on very thick scales. But take extra care not to tear or damage the skin beneath. Then apply a moisturizing ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: Can tests for genital herpes give a false-negative result?

Answer: Cell culture or PCR test may give a false-negative result if the sores have begun healing or if you are recently infected. False-positive test results are possible, too. If you test positive, but your risk for getting the virus is low, you may need further testing. The test can't tell you when you were infected â and it may take weeks for antibodies to form.


Question: How can diabetes affect my oral health?

Answer: Over time, increased levels of blood glucose can put you at risk for oral health problems. It can give your mouth and tongue a burning feeling. You can do a lot to avoid these problems, starting with the basics of taking good care of your mouth, teeth, and gums. Keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible.


Question: How is hormone receptor-positive breast cancer treated?

Answer: You may have hormone therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are finished. These treatments can help prevent a return of the disease by blocking the effects of estrogen. They do this in one of several ways. These include anastrozole ( Arimidex), exemestane ( Aromasin), and letrozole ( Femara). They're only used in women who've already gone through menopause. Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) is a medication that blocks and damages estrogen receptors that is sometimes used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Toremifene ( Fareston) is a drug that blocks estrogen receptors that can also be given to certain women with metastatic breast cancer. CDK 4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib ( Verzenio), palbociclib ( Ibrance) and ribociclib ( Kisqali) are sometimes used with aromatase inhibitors or the hormone therapy fulvestrant ( Faslodex). It can also be used for early-stage breast cancer.


Question: What is a surgeon?

Answer: A group of doctors and nurses work together to make sure everything goes smoothly. This doctor leads the team and does the operation. Surgeons have to complete 4 years of medical school, plus at least 5 years of special training. They also have to pass a national surgical board exam. The one you choose should be experienced in the type of procedure you're having.


Question: How does exercise affect my diabetes treatment?

Answer: Your blood sugar levels. That's a good thing, but you need to factor it into your treatment plan. Talk to your doctor about how much you move each day. You may need to change the dosage of some diabetes drugs if you're more active in your daily life or at work.


Question: How can your fear of needles affect your diabetes treatment?

Answer: When you and your doctor are thinking about the best way to control your blood sugar, you've got a lot of options to choose from. How active you are. Talk to your doctor about how much you move each day. Tell your doctor how much you drink and if you want to be able to sip a beer or cocktail from time to time. You may need to take extra steps to be sure that it doesn't interfere with your meds.


Question: How does your diabetes treatment affect other conditions?

Answer: If they stay too high for too long, you're at risk for complications of diabetes, like eye problems or kidney disease. Some conditions you might have along with diabetes can affect how well your drugs control your blood sugar, including: Obesity High blood pressure High cholesterol Heart disease Kidney disease Sleep apnea or other sleep problems Depression Some medications that treat diabetes also may help you treat other health problems or lower your odds of having them. For example, GLP-1 agonist drugs help you feel fuller longer after you eat. This may help you lose extra pounds if you're overweight.


Question: How can alcohol affect your diabetes treatment?

Answer: Exercise can lower your blood sugar levels. Tell your doctor how much you drink and if you want to be able to sip a beer or cocktail from time to time. You may need to take extra steps to be sure that it doesn't interfere with your meds.


Question: Is diabetes linked to cancer?

Answer: If they stay too high for too long, you're at risk for complications of diabetes, like eye problems or kidney disease. Some conditions you might have along with diabetes can affect how well your drugs control your blood sugar, including: Obesity High blood pressure High cholesterol Heart disease Kidney disease Sleep apnea or other sleep problems Depression Some medications that treat diabetes also may help you treat other health problems or lower your odds of having them.


Question: Are type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated differently?

Answer: How active you are. Exercise can lower your blood sugar levels. You may need to change the dosage of some diabetes drugs if you're more active in your daily life or at work. You may need to take extra steps to be sure that it doesn't interfere with your meds.


Question: How does drinking alcohol affect my diabetes treatment?

Answer: Exercise can lower your blood sugar levels. Tell your doctor how much you drink and if you want to be able to sip a beer or cocktail from time to time. You may need to take extra steps to be sure that it doesn't interfere with your meds.


Question: How can how active you are affect your diabetes treatment?

Answer: Your blood sugar levels. That's a good thing, but you need to factor it into your treatment plan. Talk to your doctor about how much you move each day. You may need to change the dosage of some diabetes drugs if you're more active in your daily life or at work.


Question: What can affect your treatment for diabetes?

Answer: Here are some of the things you and your doctor will consider when you're deciding on a treatment. How active you are. Exercise can lower your blood sugar levels. You may need to change the dosage of some diabetes drugs if you're more active in your daily life or at work. You may need to take extra steps to be sure that it doesn't interfere with your meds.


Question: How can eczema vary in severity?

Answer: In more severe cases, patches of dry skin can bleed, crack, or crust and get infected. They include dry, itchy, and scaly skin, especially on the insides of the elbows and backs of the knees.


Question: What is tinea versicolor?

Answer: It's also called pityriasis versicolor and is caused by a type of yeast that naturally lives on your skin. When the yeast grows out of control, the skin disease, which appears as a rash, is the result. Treatment usually eliminates the fungal infection.


Question: How can I make healthy meals for my kids?

Answer: You can still make healthy meals a habit even with the busy pace of parenting. It boils down to three tips: Serve more whole foods and fewer processed ones. Eat fruits and vegetables with every meal. Serve your children healthy, lean protein at most meals. You'll find it in plant-based foods such as: Vegetables (fresh, frozen, and canned) Fruits (fresh, frozen, and canned) Beans (dried, canned) Edamame (soybeans, fresh or frozen) Nuts and seeds Whole-grain cereal (hot and cold) 100% whole wheat or whole-grain bread products Whole-grain blend pastas Whole-grain crackers Whole wheat tortillas Many kids don't get enough of this nutrient, which they need for healthy nerves, muscles, and water balance.


Question: How does fiber help your health?

Answer: You'll find it in plant-based foods such as: Vegetables (fresh, frozen, and canned) Fruits (fresh, frozen, and canned) Beans (dried, canned) Edamame (soybeans, fresh or frozen) Nuts and seeds Whole-grain cereal (hot and cold) 100% whole wheat or whole-grain bread products Whole-grain blend pastas Whole-grain crackers Whole wheat tortillas Many kids don't get enough of this nutrient, which they need for healthy nerves, muscles, and water balance. When you buy processed foods, check the Nutrition Facts label and choose those that are lower in sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, meaning a single serving makes up 5% or less of the daily limit for these ingredients.


Question: What are fire safety measures for kerosene heaters?

Answer: Kerosene Heaters Learn local and state codes and regulations about the use of kerosene heaters. These heaters are illegal for home use in some areas. Use kerosene only. Never use gasoline in your heater. If a flare-up occurs, activate the manual shut-off switch and call your fire department. Place the heater at least three feet away from anything that can burn and in a low traffic area so it will not be knocked over or trap you in the event of a fire. Keep the room ventilated (a door open, or a window ajar) to prevent an indoor air pollution problem.


Question: What is collagen?

Answer: It's responsible for warding off wrinkles and fine lines. Over time, environmental factors and aging diminish your body's ability to produce collagen and can also break down existing collagen. This protein is found with collagen in the dermis, and is responsible for giving structure and support to your skin and organs. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin.


Question: What are the two types of brain injury?

Answer: Traumatic Brain Injury ( TBI) is caused by an external force -- such as a blow to the head -- that causes the brain to move inside the skull or damages the skull. This in turn damages the brain. Acquired Brain Injury ( ABI) occurs at the cellular level. Or it could result from neurological illness, as in the case of a stroke.


Question: Where in the United States is there poison ivy, oak, and sumac?

Answer: Poison oak is more common in the western U. S. Poison sumac grows as a woody shrub, with each stem containing 7 to 13 leaves arranged in pairs. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are three of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis in North America.


Question: What  causes Lewy body dementia (LBD)?

Answer: Lewy body dementia ( LBD) is one of the most common types of dementia, after Alzheimer's disease. When they build up, they keep your brain from making the right amount of two important chemicals. One of them, called acetylcholine, affects your memory and learning. The other, called dopamine, affects how you move, your mood, and your sleep. Scientists aren't sure what makes Lewy bodies start to build up in the brain. They're also not sure why some people get LBD and others don't. Some health conditions worsen your odds of getting the condition. People with Parkinson's disease or REM sleep behavior disorder have a higher risk of LBD.


Question: What are the advantages of powered toothbrush for your dental care?

Answer: Other advantages include: Easy to use if you: Have a medical condition like arthritis that makes it hard to use your hand Are elderly Are physically challenged Have misaligned teeth or teeth with uneven surfaces Have braces and other orthodontic appliances An electric toothbrush can be fun to use, and you might brush more often or longer as a result. The scrubbing effect of powered toothbrushes may be superior to manual toothbrushes in possibly reducing or even totally removing surface stains on teeth. They work best if you have braces or other dental work that traps food.


Question: What type of toothbrush should I pick for my dental care?

Answer: If an ingredient bothers you, or if your teeth are sensitive, try another product. Ask your dentist which features and bristle head design will work best in your mouth. Replace your toothbrush every 3 months. Get a new one sooner if the brush looks worn or frayed. Bristles that fan out or spread mean it's time to for a new one. Other advantages include: Easy to use if you: Have a medical condition like arthritis that makes it hard to use your hand Are elderly Are physically challenged Have misaligned teeth or teeth with uneven surfaces Have braces and other orthodontic appliances An electric toothbrush can be fun to use, and you might brush more often or longer as a result. The bristles rotate in the dentist recommended back-and-forth motion.


Question: What type of toothpaste should I pick for my dental care?

Answer: The best strategy for selecting a toothpaste is to ask your dental hygienist or dentist to recommend a product. Always pick a toothpaste with fluoride to prevent cavities. If an ingredient bothers you, or if your teeth are sensitive, try another product. If the problem continues, see your dentist.


Question: What are the different types of adrenal insufficiency?

Answer: When they don't make enough of those hormones, you have a condition called adrenal insufficiency, also called adrenocortical insufficiency or hypocortisolism. You can have either primary, secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency is when your adrenal glands are damaged and can't make the cortisol you need. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more common than Addison's disease. The condition happens because of a problem with your pituitary gland, a pea-sized bulge at the base of your brain. It makes a hormone called adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH). This is the chemical that signals your adrenal glands to make cortisol when your body needs it. If your adrenal glands don't get that message, they may eventually shrink. Tertiary starts in the hypothalamus, which is a small area located near the pituitary. It makes a hormone called corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) which tells the pituitary to make ACTH. When the hypothalamus is not making enough CRH, then it affects the pituitary's ability to produce ACTH , in turn keeping the adrenal glands from producing enough cortisol.


Question: What foods are high in FODMAPs?

Answer: Once you know the problem foods, you can avoid them. Certain carbs called FODMAPs are a problem for people with IBS. But the foods you're supposed to cut out are good for you in general. So you should try it for no more than 2 months, and only with your doctor's approval. Among the foods the diet suggests you stop eating: Apples and apple juice, pears and pear juice, watermelon, mangos, cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and blackberries Asparagus, artichokes, legumes like beans and lentils, sugar snap peas, snow peas, onions, garlic, leeks, cauliflower, mushrooms, celery, and corn Milk, yogurt, soft cheeses like ricotta, cottage cheese, and cream cheese, custard, and ice cream Honey, high-fructose corn syrup, and certain sugar-free gums and candy Wheat and rye Cashews and pistachios One theory about IBS is that the normal blend of helpful bacteria that live in the intestines has been disrupted.


Question: Are people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) gassy?

Answer: Dealing with IBS and gas is hard. Symptoms vary widely from one person to the next, and no single treatment works for everyone. What gives someone else gas may not bother you at all. What brings you relief may have no effect on someone else. There are many different strategies you can try. Most have to do with what you eat. The type and amount of fiber you add matters. Certain carbs called FODMAPs are a problem for people with IBS. Some of them make more gas than others as they help break down your food. People with IBS may have too much of those types of bacteria. Anything that keeps your IBS under control may also help with gas.


Question: What are treatments for adenovirus infections?

Answer: Antibiotics won't help adenovirus infections because these drugs only kill bacteria. Children often get over the illness on their own within a few days. Water or 100% fruit juice are the best choices to keep kids hydrated. Turn on a cool-mist humidifier. The moisture will loosen congestion and help your child breathe more easily. Ask your doctor if you can give your child acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) to relieve aches and fever. Don't give children products that contain aspirin, which can lead to a rare but serious condition called Reye syndrome. Tell her to cover her nose and mouth whenever she sneezes or coughs.


Question: What is the link between menopause and ovarian cancer?

Answer: Although it can happen at any age, it's most common in women over age 50. Half of ovarian cancer cases are found in women age 63 or older, according to the American Cancer Society. But your chances of developing it go up as you get older. There are a few things related to menopause that may affect your risk of developing ovarian cancer. If you start menopause late -- usually after age 52 -- your chances may be higher. That could be because you've had more ovulations. Those are the times when your menstrual cycle triggers your hormones to release an egg.


Question: What does the serving size on a food label mean?

Answer: The size of the serving determines the amounts listed on the label. It helps you figure how many calories and nutrients are in your food on your plate. This means a food is made up of the heaviest amount of the first ingredient and the least amount of the last ingredient.


Question: What can I tell from the ingredients section of a food label?

Answer: Pay attention to that serving size, including the number of servings in the package, and compare it to how much you're actually eating. This means a food is made up of the heaviest amount of the first ingredient and the least amount of the last ingredient.


Question: How should people with diabetes use the serving size information on a food label?

Answer: Don't confuse portion size with serving size. A portion is what you choose to eat -- and there are no standard measures for this. For example, if a slice of bread is a serving size and you eat a sandwich with two slices of bread, you've had two servings of bread in your one portion, so you'll have to double all the nutritional numbers like calories and carbs. If a package has four servings and you eat the whole thing (like a bag of crunchy snacks), you get 4 times the calories, fat, and everything else listed on the label. This part of the label also tells you how much of that energy comes from the fat in a serving.


Question: What should people with diabetes look at on food labels?

Answer: It has measurements of fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals for a typical amount of that food. This information can make it easier for you to choose foods that will fit into your meal plan and help control your blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and weight. Here's an example of a Nutrition Facts label. Talk to your doctor or your diabetes educator about how to adjust the % Daily Values on labels for your diet.


Question: Can melanoma spread?

Answer: But others find out they have the disease when it's in an advanced stage. Some people find out it has spread after they've had a melanoma removed, sometimes years later. How the disease makes you feel depends on where in your body the cancer has spread to. For example, if it spreads to lymph nodes, they can get swollen and painful. This is the main way to remove melanoma from the skin and lymph nodes.


Question: Is there a cure for advanced melanoma?

Answer: This is called advanced, metastatic, or stage IV melanoma. But some can help you live longer and feel better. The goal of any therapy you get will be to shrink or remove your tumor, keep the cancer from spreading further, and ease your symptoms.


Question: How are multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsonâs disease alike?

Answer: Both diseases can cause your hands to shake, for example. These diseases both affect your nerves. As myelin breaks down, your nerves and nerve fibers get frayed. In Parkinson's, certain brain cells start to die off. If lesions form in certain spots in your brain, they can affect how it makes dopamine. Over time, they may become less effective.


Question: What medicines are used to treat Parkinsonâs disease?

Answer: It's also an option to treat another type called relapsing-remitting MS. Other disease-modifying medicines for relapse-remitting MS include beta interferons as well as: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Medications to treat Parkinson's either raise your dopamine levels or offer a substitute. Anticholinergic drugs to help control tremors Carbidopa-levodopa, or an infusion of both drugs called Duopa, to help boost dopamine levels COMT inhibitors like entacapone ( Comtan) or tolcapone ( Tasmar), to help drugs that boost dopamine levels work better Dopamine agonists: pramipexole ( Mirapex, Mirapex ER), ropinirole ( Requip, Requip XL), and rotigotine ( Neupro) to mimic the way dopamine works in your brain.


Question: What makes multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsonâs disease different?

Answer: While some signs of MS and Parkinson's look the same, they're different diseases. MS often affects people between ages 20 and 50, but children get it, too. Parkinson's usually starts at age 60 or older, but some younger adults get it. MS is an autoimmune disease. That means your body's immune system goes haywire for some reason. In Parkinson's, certain brain cells start to die off. Your brain makes less and less of a chemical called dopamine that helps control your movement. As your levels dip, you lose more of this control.


Question: What does menorrhagia mean?

Answer: These tumors, usually benign, are generally found in the smooth muscles of the uterus, and can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and heavy menstrual bleeding. In many cases, the bleeding has a known cause, like uterine fibroids (see above), but in other cases the cause remains unknown. There's a medical threshold for menorrhagia -- losing more than 80 m L of blood in each menstrual cycle -- but most doctors now tend to define menorrhagia by how much it affects your daily life: causing pain, mood swings, and disruptions in your work, sexual activity, and other activities.


Question: What percentage of hysterectomies are done due to endometriosis?

Answer: About 5 million American women experience endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that behaves like the lining of the uterus -- the endometrium -- grows in other areas of the abdominal cavity, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outer surface of the uterus. As many as 13% of women see their endometriosis return within three years if their ovaries are left in place; the number climbs to 40% in five years. And since endometriosis often affects young women -- with an average age of about 27 -- a surgical option that removes all possibility of pregnancy isn't really an alternative.


Question: What is uterine prolapse?

Answer: One-third of American women experience some type of pelvic health disorder by the time they're age 60. Advancing age, smoking, pregnancy, and obesity are also significant risk factors.


Question: What are suggestions for helping children deal with ocular albinism?

Answer: Even though people who have this condition can be legally blind, they can still get a driver's license in some states if they wear special glasses with small telescopes, called bioptics, mounted on them. Your child's eye doctor also may suggest: Glasses or mini-telescopes Computerized dictation programs and computer devices, such as video cameras, that can bring images closer


Question: What are the causes of ocular albinism?

Answer: In most cases, it happens because of a problem with a gene they inherit from their mothers. Women carry this gene but don't usually have symptoms. Almost everyone who has the most common type, called type 1 or Nettleship- Falls, is male. About 1 in 60,000 males have this. Most people with ocular albinism have blue eyes.


Question: What are the symptoms of ocular albinism?

Answer: The condition affects the retina and the nerves behind the eyes. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye that sends the brain signals about what a person sees. Things look blurry because the retina doesn't develop the way it should. It can't make a sharp image and the nerves behind the eyes can't transmit a clear image to the brain. Another symptom is the way the eyes look. Albinism keeps the body from making enough of a chemical called melanin, which gives eyes, skin, and hair their color. Most people with ocular albinism have blue eyes. But the blood vessels inside can show through the colored part (the iris), and the eyes can look pink or red. Other eye symptoms include: Quick eye movements that can't be controlled. Eyes that look in different directions.


Question: What are checkpoint inhibitors and the cancers they treat?

Answer: Some immunotherapy treatments help your immune system find the cancer or work harder to attack it. Immunotherapy is approved to treat certain kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer.


Question: What are some examples of immunotherapy treatments that do not target cancer cells directly?

Answer: Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation use medications or high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is different because it uses your own immune system to fight off the cancer. Immunotherapy is approved to treat certain kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer.


Question: How is gestational diabetes diagnosed?

Answer: Positive test results should be confirmed by repeating the fasting plasma glucose test or the oral glucose tolerance test on a different day. Blood sugar levels are checked four times during the test. If your blood sugar levels are above normal at least twice during the test, you have gestational diabetes.


Question: How can air filters help prevent asthma?

Answer: If you have asthma symptoms, an air filter or room air cleaner may help you to breathe better. Maybe. Room air cleaners remove small particles that are in the air near the air cleaner. However, room air cleaners don't remove small allergen particles that are caused by local disturbances, such as the microscopic house dust mite feces that surround a pillow when your head hits it (or you turn over in bed). You inhale these allergens before they ever get near the room air cleaner.


Question: What are the disadvantages of using whole-house air cleaners?

Answer: A disadvantage of these units is the noise of their fan and the cost of electricity to operate the fan motor. With a whole-house air cleaner, HVAC system includes air filters designed to reduce the accumulation of dust and dirt in the ducts and coils of the system.


Question: What is high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter?

Answer: Almost all room air cleaners efficiently remove smoke from the room (as long as the air filter is large enough, the fan turned on, and the air filter is maintained). Can air filters help prevent asthma symptoms? To qualify as a true HEPA filter, the air filter must be able to capture at least 90% of all particles 0.3 microns or larger in diameter that enter it.


Question: What do I need to know about air filters for asthma?

Answer: If you live with a smoker, an air filter or room air cleaner is likely to be helpful. Room air cleaners remove small particles that are in the air near the air cleaner. Ozone irritates airways, causing temporary bronchospasm in those with asthma, and nasal congestion in those with hay fever or rhinitis.


Question: Does vitamin C help fight colds?

Answer: At the very first sign of cold symptoms, many people reach for Vitamin C, whether in supplements, juices, cough drops, tea, or other forms. High doses of vitamin C (greater than 2000 milligrams per day for adults) may cause kidney stones, nausea, and diarrhea.


Question: Is it safe to take vitamin C supplements?

Answer: At the very first sign of cold symptoms, many people reach for Vitamin C, whether in supplements, juices, cough drops, tea, or other forms. Vitamin C is found naturally in vegetables and fruits, especially oranges and other citrus fruits. The RDA or recommended daily allowance is 90 mg for men and 75 mg for women. High doses of vitamin C (greater than 2000 milligrams per day for adults) may cause kidney stones, nausea, and diarrhea. If you're unsure about taking vitamin C for colds, talk to your health care provider.


Question: Where is vitamin C found?

Answer: This key vitamin is also available as a natural dietary supplement in the form of vitamin C pills and vitamin C chewable tablets. In general, vitamin C is safe to take when ingested through food sources such as fruits and vegetables.


Question: What is cauliflower ear?

Answer: The most common cause of cauliflower ear is a hit to the ear -- or repeated hits to the ear -- that leads to hematomas, or small collections of blood that clot and block the flow of blood and nutrients. The initial symptoms of the types of injuries that lead to cauliflower ear are similar to the symptoms one might experience from blunt trauma elsewhere in the body. The most important thing you can do to prevent cauliflower ear is to wear the appropriate head gear when engaging in activities that increase your risk for ear trauma, such as wrestling, boxing, rugby, and other close-contact sports. Treatment can help prevent the unsightly, often permanent, cosmetic effects of cauliflower ear.


Question: Who is most likely to get cauliflower ear?

Answer: In wrestling, for instance, trauma can result from opponents' heads rubbing or hitting one another during matches or from contact with the wrestling mat. Cauliflower ear is also common among rugby players and people who practice martial arts. People who participate in these activities are at higher risk than others. Protective head gear has long been commonplace in these sports. They also can be a complication of "high" piercings in the upper area of the ear, through the cartilage, if the piercing becomes infected. The most important thing you can do to prevent cauliflower ear is to wear the appropriate head gear when engaging in activities that increase your risk for ear trauma, such as wrestling, boxing, rugby, and other close-contact sports.


Question: What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: Overuse of certain joints increases the risk of developing OA. Joint protection devices: These can help prevent strain or stress on painful joints.


Question: How can you tell if your baby is sick instead of teething?

Answer: Your baby has probably picked up a cold, stomach bug, or other illness if she: Has a runny or stuffed nose Is sneezing or coughing Has diarrhea or is vomiting Has a rash If you're still not sure what's going on, check with your pediatrician. Teething babies can be cranky, and they often are.


Question: How can smoking harm my unborn child?

Answer: Smoke from cigars, cigarettes, and pipes harms your body in many ways, but it is especially harmful to the lungs of a person with asthma. That's because the smoke that burns off the end of a cigar or cigarette contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. Children of parents who smoke are also more likely to develop lung and sinus infections.


Question: How can secondhand smoke harm my child?

Answer: Smoke also causes the lungs to make more mucus than normal. Children of parents who smoke are also more likely to develop lung and sinus infections. These infections can make asthma symptoms worse and more difficult to control. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are more likely to have lung problems and are 10 times more likely to develop asthma.


Question: What do I need to know about smoking and asthma?

Answer: When a person with asthma is exposed to secondhand smoke, he or she is more likely to experience the wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath associated with asthma. Smoking harms an unborn child in many ways.


Question: What causes ocular rosacea?

Answer: And some people only have ocular rosacea. These glands prevent dryness. If they are blocked, the area around them can swell and get irritated. This can lead to redness and itching in your eyes and crust in your eyelashes. Some scientists believe mites -- tiny spider-like creatures that live in hair follicles on your face and lashes -- can block the glands.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose ocular rosacea?

Answer: Your eyes also might look bloodshot and burn or sting. Some scientists believe mites -- tiny spider-like creatures that live in hair follicles on your face and lashes -- can block the glands.


Question: Who is more likely to have ocular rosacea?

Answer: And some people only have ocular rosacea. It can't be spread from person to person.


Question: How can aromatherapy be used for cold symptoms?

Answer: Over-the-counter decongestants containing pseudoephedrine can help dry and clear nasal passages, but only temporarily. To ease cold symptoms, the essential oils of aromatherapy may be rubbed on the body, inhaled with steam, diffused into the air, or poured on a cloth to be used as a compress. Try rubbing diluted eucalyptus oil on the chest as a decongestant, or inhale eucalyptus or peppermint oil to clear stuffiness. If you decide to try echinacea, take small doses for no more than eight weeks, since prolonged use may suppress your immune system.


Question: Do over-the-counter medicines for congestions work?

Answer: This means more mucus and worse congestion. Over-the-counter decongestants containing phenylpropanolamine have been pulled voluntarily from the shelves because they increase the risk of stroke.


Question: What should I do if my dog has a seizure?

Answer: He may try to hide. If your dog is near something that could hurt him, like a piece of furniture or the stairs, gently slide him away. Stay away from your dog’s mouth and head; he could bite you. Don’t put anything in his mouth. Dogs cannot choke on their tongues. If you can, time it. If the seizure lasts for more than a couple of minutes, your dog is at risk of overheating. Turn a fan on your dog and put cold water on his paws to cool him down. Talk to your dog softly to reassure him. Avoid touching him - he may unknowingly bite. Call your vet when the seizure ends. If your dog has a seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes or if he has several in a row while he's unconscious, take him to a vet as soon as possible. The longer a seizure goes on, the higher a dog’s body temperature can rise, and he may have problems breathing. This can raise his risk of brain damage.


Question: What are the types of seizures in dogs?

Answer: A dog can lose consciousness and convulse. The abnormal electrical activity happens throughout the brain. Generalized seizures usually last from a few seconds to a few minutes. With a focal seizure, abnormal electrical activity happens in only part of the brain. Focal seizures can cause unusual movements in one limb or one side of the body. Sometimes they last only a couple of seconds. They may start as focal and then become generalized. A psychomotor seizure involves strange behavior that only lasts a couple of minutes. Your dog may suddenly start attacking an imaginary object or chasing his tail. It can be tricky to tell psychomotor seizures from odd behavior, but a dog that has them will always do the same thing every time he has a seizure. Seizures from unknown causes are called idiopathic epilepsy. They usually happen in dogs between 6 months and 6 years old. Although any dog can have a seizure, idiopathic epilepsy is more common in border collies, Australian shepherds, Labrador retrievers, beagles, Belgian Tervurens, collies, and German shepherds. Call your vet when the seizure ends.


Question: What is olfactory hallucination?

Answer: It could mean you touch or even smell something that doesn't exist. Other causes include: Irritation in the visual cortex, the part of your brain that helps you see Damage to brain tissue (the doctor will call this lesions) Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder Depression Bipolar disorder Delirium (from infections, drug use and withdrawal, or body and brain problems) Dementia Parkinson's disease Seizures Migraines Brain lesions and tumors Sleep problems Drugs that make you hallucinate Metabolism problems Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease You may think the odor is coming from something around you, or that it's coming from your own body.


Question: What is visual hallucination?

Answer: But some may also smell and taste things that aren't there. It can look like a multicolored crescent of light. Causes could include: Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Psychosis Borderline personality disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Hearing loss Sleep disorders Brain lesions Drug use For example, you might: See things others don't, like insects crawling on your hand or on the face of someone you know See objects with the wrong shape or see things moving in ways they usually don't Sometimes they look like flashes of light. A rare type of seizure called "occipital" may cause you to see brightly colored spots or shapes.


Question: How does practicing good posture affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It protects your shoulder, hip, and knee joints. When you lift, keep your back straight and your feet wide apart. When you're in a chair, rest your feet flat on the floor. Sit upright and lift your chest.


Question: How does losing weight affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you carry extra pounds, be kind to your joints and shed a few. Added body weight puts more stress on your hips, knees, and feet. Research shows smoking can make it harder to treat the disease.


Question: How does stopping smoking affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Those extra pounds can make it harder to keep your RA joint pain and symptoms under control. Recent studies found that smokers with rheumatoid arthritis were less likely to benefit from two common treatments -- methotrexate and certain biologic drugs.


Question: Where can you get phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Again, there is not enough evidence that phosphatidylserine is of any help in treating this condition. The supplement used in early studies was made from brain cells taken from cattle.


Question: How does phosphatidylserine interact with other drugs?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Many people can take the soy-derived supplement without any side effects. Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: What is phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Phosphatidylserine plays an important role in keeping your mind and memory sharp. Animal studies suggest that the level of this substance in the brain decreases with age. Much more research is needed to confirm these results.


Question: What are the risks of taking phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Many people can take the soy-derived supplement without any side effects. Research is still preliminary but it is likely safe up to 600 milligrams a day for no more than 10 days. They may include: Gas Stomach upset Trouble sleeping However, optimal doses of phosphatidylserine have not been established for any condition.


Question: Why do people take phosphatidylserine?

Answer: Phosphatidylserine is taken to try to prevent memory loss and mental decline that may occur as you get older. Research is still preliminary but it is likely safe up to 600 milligrams a day for no more than 10 days. Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: How does immunotherapy treat cancer?

Answer: Your immune system is made up of your white blood cells plus the organs and tissues of your lymph system, like your bone marrow. Its main job is to help your body fight off disease and stay healthy. Immunotherapy drugs help your immune system work harder or make it easier for it to find and get rid of cancer cells. It can help other cancer treatments work better. When you have immunotherapy, your immune system learns to go after cancer cells if they ever come back.


Question: What are the risks of immunotherapy when treating cancer?

Answer: The area where the medication goes into your body could hurt, itch, swell, turn red, or get sore. Most of the time, these ease up after your first treatment. It isn't a quick fix.


Question: Can immunotherapy cause fewer side effects than other cancer treatments?

Answer: It causes fewer side effects than other treatments. This is because it targets just your immune system and not all the cells in your body. There are side effects. Most of the time, these ease up after your first treatment.


Question: What increases your likelihood of getting breast cancer?

Answer: If a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) had breast cancer, you're two times more likely to get the disease. This is especially true if she got cancer before menopause or if it affected both breasts. Mutations, or changes, to two genes -- BRCA1 and BRCA2 -- are responsible for some cases of breast cancer in families. About 1woman in 200 has one of these genes. While they make you more likely to get cancer, they don't ensure that you will. These genes also raise your odds of ovarian cancer and are linked to pancreatic cancer and male breast cancer.


Question: Is breast cancer treatable?

Answer: Fortunately, breast cancer is very treatable if detected early. Localized cancer (meaning it hasn't spread outside your breast) can usually be treated successfully before the cancer spreads. Once the cancer begins to spread, treatment becomes more extensive. Improved screening tests and treatment options mean about 8 out of 10 women with breast cancer will survive at least 10 years after initial diagnosis. Intracavitary brachytherapy: This is the most common type of brachytherapy for women with breast cancer.


Question: Where does breast cancer develop?

Answer: Breast cancer usually begins in a small, confined area in the or glands, which produce milk (lobular carcinoma) or the ducts (ductal carcinoma), which carry it to the nipple. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer. If the tests find breast cancer, you and your doctor will develop a treatment plan to get rid of the cancer, to lower the odds that it will come back, as well as to reduce the chance of it moving to outside of your breast.


Question: How does breast cancer develop?

Answer: Breast cancer usually begins in a small, confined area in the or glands, which produce milk (lobular carcinoma) or the ducts (ductal carcinoma), which carry it to the nipple. It can grow larger in the breast and spread through channels to nearby lymph nodes or through your bloodstream to other organs. The cancer may grow and invade tissue around the breast, such as the skin or chest wall. Different types of breast cancer grow and spread at different rates -- some take years to spread beyond the breast, while others grow and spread quickly. Some you can control; others you can't. Biopsy. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer. If the tests find breast cancer, you and your doctor will develop a treatment plan to get rid of the cancer, to lower the odds that it will come back, as well as to reduce the chance of it moving to outside of your breast.


Question: What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer: It can: Physically connect a piece of evidence to a person or rule out someone as a suspect. DNA fingerprinting is extremely accurate.


Question: What is DNA?

Answer: It's used as evidence in courts, to identify bodies, track down blood relatives, and to look for cures for disease. They pair up with another to form what are called base pairs. Your DNA has about 3 billion of these couples. The way they're strung together tells your cells how to make copies of each other. The complete set of your compounds is known as a genome. More than 99.9 % of everyone's genome is exactly alike (100% if you are identical twins). But the tiny bit that's not is what makes you physically and mentally different from someone else. Lab workers treat the sample with chemicals to separate the DNA, which is then dissolved in water.


Question: How can I make shopping easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Carry carefully. You'll spare the weaker joints in your fingers and wrist. Whenever possible, put your purchases in a backpack or bag with a shoulder or cross-body strap. If shoulder pain makes it hard to reach high shelves, bring along a reacher -- a rod with a clamp at the end. Lots of stores have motorized scooters. Some have people on staff who can help you.


Question: What are types of histamine 2 (H2) blockers used to lessen heartburn?

Answer: There are different types of medications that tame heartburn by turning down how much acid is in your stomach. Commonly used H2 blockers are: Famotidine ( Pepcid as a prescription, Pepcid- AC as an OTC medication) Cimetidine ( Tagamet and Tagamet- HB) Nizatidine ( Axid and Axid AR) Ranitidine ( Zantac and Zantac 75) Proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) block the enzyme in the stomach wall that makes acid. Commonly used PPIs are: Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Esomeprazole ( Nexium and Nexium 24 HR) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Rabeprazole ( Acip Hex) Omeprazole (several names, including Zegerid and Prilosec, which is available in both prescription and nonprescription strengths)


Question: Can chronic fatigue syndrome affect your sex life?

Answer: They might not realize how much it affects your daily life. Some symptoms of depression are similar to your condition, so it can be hard to tell the difference.


Question: How should you eat if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Knowing to expect this pattern will help you understand how to manage your energy. A diet rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, avoiding saturated fats and refined carbohydratesâlike the Mediterranean Dietâis reported by many people with ME/ CFS to be helpful. If you think you are depressed, tell your doctor.


Question: Can knowing your pattern of chronic fatigue syndrome help you manage your energy?

Answer: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ( ME/ CFS) will change your life in many ways. It is a condition that can be hard to cope with. Watching what you eat can help you manage your symptoms. You may find you feel better when you talk to other people with your condition.


Question: Should you talk to your doctor about your chronic fatigue syndrome if you are depressed?

Answer: About half of those with ME/ CFS work. Some symptoms of depression are similar to your condition, so it can be hard to tell the difference. â Red flagsâ for depression could include feelings of hopelessness, sadness, guilt or worthlessness, or thoughts of suicide and death. Medications and talk therapy for depression can help with physical and emotional symptoms.


Question: Can you exercise if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: If you push yourself too hard, you may crash later. stretching and strengthening exercises using only your own body weight also can help. Shoot for one minute of activity followed by 3 minutes of rest. Break exercise into several brief sessions a day. Use âsticky notes.â Puzzles, word games, and card games â also available on your smartphone â can keep your mind active and might help your memory improve.


Question: What is lichen sclerosus?

Answer: The condition mostly affects adult women after menopause. But other people can get it, too. Although there's no cure, there are treatments to manage your symptoms. Another theory is that your immune system attacks your skin.


Question: What causes postthrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Valves that don't work right let blood flow backwards and pool, instead of pushing it toward your heart. Post-thrombotic syndrome is usually mild, but some symptoms can be severe. They may not show up until years later. Keep your leg or arm raised while at rest.


Question: When do I need surgery to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Arthroscopy is surgery done with an arthroscope. It'll be hooked up to a video screen, so he can examine your joint and the area around it.


Question: When is open-joint surgery used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: This may or may not be painful. You may need this type of surgery if: The bony structures in your jaw joint are wearing down You have tumors in or around the joint Your joint is scarred or full of bone chips You'll get general anesthesia, then the doctor will open up the entire area around the joint so he can get a full view and better access. You'll need longer to heal after open-joint surgery, and there is a greater chance of scarring and nerve injury.


Question: When should you call a doctor about insomnia?

Answer: You have begun taking a new medication that could be interrupting your sleep. You notice an uncomfortable, painful, "crawling" sensation in your legs when trying to sleep or when your legs are not moving for prolonged periods (such as when driving or on an airplane flight). You have noticed changes in your mood (such as feeling depressed), energy and appetite -- clues that insomnia may be a possible of a broader health problem such as clinical depression.


Question: How can smaller servings of food help protect my heart?

Answer: Studies show that more people have heart attacks after big meals. Watch out for restaurant portion sizes. The CDC says the amount of food in an average restaurant meal today is like four restaurant meals from the 1950s. Studies show that the bigger the portion you're served, the more you'll eat. The solution? Get in the habit of eating only half of what's on your plate. You can take the rest home. You probably know it's good for you, but not all fish is equal.


Question: How do I choose meats wisely to help protect my heart?

Answer: It absorbs fat while you digest your food and cuts down swelling in your arteries. Or choose pork tenderloin, turkey, or chicken breast instead. Add more fish to your diet. Grill or roast fish that's high in healthy omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, trout, and sardines. Deli meats are often packed with salts, nitrates, and preservatives that can be bad for your heart. Whole chicken breasts and in-house roasted turkey are better.


Question: How much salt should I eat to help protect my heart?

Answer: Simple tweaks to your diet can have big benefits whether you want to prevent future problems, already live with high cholesterol or blood pressure, or have heart trouble like atrial fibrillation. Studies show that more people have heart attacks after big meals. You probably know it's good for you, but not all fish is equal. It has the same amount of sodium. Any type of salt raises your blood pressure. Salt doesn't just come from the shaker. Up to 75% of the salt you eat is from processed foods like soups and frozen meals. Always check the label to find out how much sodium is in it. More than one drink a day for women or two for men raises your odds for heart problems.


Question: What is the history of Dupuytren's contracture?

Answer: Many years later, the condition was named for French surgeon Baron Guillaume Dupuytren, who gave a now-famous lecture on retracted fingers in 1831. The first sign of Dupuytren's contracture is a hard knot or lumps of connective tissue that form under the skin of the palm.


Question: What happens when you get surgery for Dupuytren's contracture?

Answer: If Dupuytren's contracture isn't bothering you much, you shouldn't need treatment. Surgery When surgery is called for, the surgeon performs a fasciotomy in which tissue from the palm is removed through an incision. Then the open wound is allowed to heal on its own, or it is covered with a skin graft taken from another part of your body. The hand is often splinted after surgery to help with healing.


Question: What causes Dupuytren's contracture?

Answer: Dupuytren's contracture is a condition that causes thick, tough tissue to form under the skin of the palm. They believe that at least some cases are hereditary, but Dupuytren's may also be associated with drinking alcohol and medical conditions like diabetes and seizures.


Question: What is Dupuytren's contracture?

Answer: The first sign of Dupuytren's contracture is a hard knot or lumps of connective tissue that form under the skin of the palm. As the bands tighten, they pull the involved fingers in toward the palm.


Question: What are the top ten warning signs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Here are 10 potential warning signs of adult ADHD: No. 1: Trouble Getting Organized For people with ADHD, the responsibilities of adulthood -- bills, jobs, and children, to name a few -- can make problems with organization more obvious and more problematic than in childhood. If you think you have adult ADHD, get examined by a trained and experienced mental health professional. It can be hard to diagnose because some possible symptoms -- like poor concentration or motivation, or relationship problems -- can also be signs of other conditions. Depression or substance abuse can have similar symptoms. Once you get checked out, you can get the best help for you and start feeling better.


Question: What are lifestyle changes to help symptoms of male "menopause?"

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects. Your doctor may also recommend certain lifestyle or other changes to help with some symptoms of male menopause. These include: Diet Exercise program Medications, such as an antidepressant


Question: How quickly does male "menopause" happen?

Answer: It is normal for men to experience a decline in the production of the male hormone testosterone with aging, but this also occurs with conditions such as diabetes. The testes, unlike the ovaries, do not run out of the substance it needs to make testosterone. A healthy man may be able to make sperm well into his 80s or later. However, as a result of disease, subtle changes in the function of the testes may occur as early as age 45 to 50 and more dramatically after the age of 70 in some men.


Question: How is torticollis diagnosed?

Answer: In about 75% of babies with torticollis, the right side is affected. Your baby works hard to turn toward you, struggles to turn his head all the way, and becomes upset because the movement is hard.


Question: What causes torticollis?

Answer: It is called the sternocleidomastoid, or SCM. When your baby has torticollis, this ropy muscle is shortened on one side. Your baby might have been cramped in the womb or may have been in an abnormal position, such as a breech position. That can put extra pressure on one side of your infant's head, which can cause the SCM to tighten. If your doctor used forceps or a vacuum device during delivery, those also might have put pressure on your baby's SCM. Holding your baby this way will strengthen back and neck muscles and keep the back of her head from flattening.


Question: What is the treatment for torticollis?

Answer: The doctor may teach you some specific exercises to do with your little one. Offer the bottle or your breast in a way that gets her to turn away from the favored side. Place toys so that your baby is forced to look both ways. Those with sounds and lights are really good at drawing her attention. Holding your baby this way will strengthen back and neck muscles and keep the back of her head from flattening. Ideally, she should have 15 minutes of tummy time 4 times a day.


Question: Are antidepressants used to treat IBS?

Answer: At the same time, treatments that usually relieve the mood disorder can help some people with their IBS symptoms, too. But they're used in different ways for each condition, so it's important to talk with your doctor to learn how you should take them. Even people with irritable bowel syndrome who aren't depressed can get relief from antidepressants. The drugs can help block how the brain processes pain.


Question: Are there any other ways to treat irritable bowel syndrome besides medicine and talk therapy?

Answer: One type of talk therapy, called cognitive behavioral therapy, can help with IBS symptoms and the mood disorder. Some people find that stress management techniques, like meditation or deep breathing, help them feel better. Regular exercise also helps some people recover from depression. So does a good diet for IBS, the right amount of sleep, and taking time to do something you enjoy each day.


Question: Is depression tied to IBS?

Answer: It can be a frustrating cycle. At the same time, treatments that usually relieve the mood disorder can help some people with their IBS symptoms, too. They can give you even more options to consider when you're looking for relief. The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome can cause a level of distress that looks like depression. The American College of Gastroenterology says two types of antidepressants can help IBS symptoms: Tricyclic antidepressants, like amitriptyline ( Elavil, Vanatrip), desipramine ( Norpramin), or nortriptyline ( Pamelor) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs), like citalopram ( Celexa), paroxetine ( Paxil), or sertraline ( Zoloft) But experts say they need more research to fully understand how safe and effective the drugs are for people with IBS. One type of talk therapy, called cognitive behavioral therapy, can help with IBS symptoms and the mood disorder.


Question: What other blood tests are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Other blood tests: Besides RF and anti- CCP, other blood tests could include: Complete blood count: It helps your doctor find anemia (low red blood cells), which is common in RA. It looks for four things: White blood cells 4.8-10.8 Red blood cells 4.7-6.1 Hemoglobin 14.0-18.0 Hematocrit 42-52 Platelets 150-450 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: This measures how fast your red blood cells clump and fall to the bottom of a glass tube within an hour. Your doctor might call it a sed rate. Don't panic if you learn you have rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: What will your doctor look for in antibody blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Antibody blood tests: Doctors look for certain proteins that show up in your blood when you have RA. Rheumatoid factor ( RF): high levels (over 20 u/ml) Anti- CCP (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide): high levels (over 20 u/ml) ANA, or antinuclear antibodies: the results are positive or negative Not all people with RA have these proteins.


Question: What will your doctor look for in other blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Other blood tests: Besides RF and anti- CCP, other blood tests could include: Complete blood count: It helps your doctor find anemia (low red blood cells), which is common in RA. Normal ranges are: Men younger than 50: 0-15 mm/h Men older than 50: 0-20 mm/h Women younger than 50: 0-20 mm/h Women older than 50: 0-30 mm/h C-reactive protein : This test measures levels of a protein your liver makes when inflammation is present.


Question: When should you see a doctor about rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: RA is a problem with your immune system. If you don't diagnose and treat it in time, it could harm your joints. Most people with RA do have some sort of joint damage. Most of it happens in the first 2 years. Don't panic if you learn you have rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: What are warning signs of motor skill developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not reach for, grasp, or hold objects does not support his or her head well does not bring objects to his or her mouth (by 4 months) does not push down with legs when his or her feet are placed on a firm surface (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: has stiff and tight or very floppy muscles flops his or her head when pulled into a sitting position reaches with one hand only or does not actively reach for objects has trouble getting objects to his or her mouth doesn't roll over in either direction (by 5 months) cannot sit up without help (by 6 months) does not bear weight on his or her legs when you pull him or her up to a standing position By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not crawl drags one side of his or her body while crawling cannot stand when supported By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot walk (by 18 months) does not develop a heel-to-toe walking pattern or walks only on toes cannot push a wheeled toy Children may experience problems interacting with adults or other children, called social and/or emotional developmental delays. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned.


Question: What are warning signs of vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not follow moving objects with his or her eyes does not notice hands (by 2 months) has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions crosses eyes most of the time By 6 months, contact the doctor if your child: has one or both eyes turning in or out all the time experiences constant tearing or eye drainage does not follow near objects (1 foot away) or far objects (6 feet away) with both eyes If your child's doctor notes any problems, the doctor may refer your child to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned.


Question: What causes vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: Speech delays in toddlers are common. Other eye problems include: amblyopia (lazy eye), poor vision in one eye that may also appear to turn outward infantile cataracts -- a clouding of the eye's lens -- or another inherited problem (these problems are rare) retinopathy of prematurity, an eye disease that sometimes affects premature infants strabismus -- also called cross eyes -- eyes that turn in, out, up, or down Types of treatment for vision delays.


Question: What should I know about developmental delays in children?

Answer: These delays are significant lags in one or more areas of emotional, mental, or physical growth. If your child experiences a delay, early treatment is the best way to help him or her make progress or even to catch up. When that happens, it is called "global developmental delay." Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated.


Question: What are warning signs of cognitive developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned. By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not search for objects that are hidden while he or she watches does not use gestures, such as waving does not point to objects or pictures By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: does not know the function of common objects, such as a hairbrush, telephone, or spoon does not follow simple instructions does not imitate actions or words Remember: There is a wide range of normal development in children.


Question: What are social and emotional developmental delays in children?

Answer: Usually these problems show up before a child begins school. Warning signs of social or emotional delays.


Question: What should I keep in mind regarding developmental delays in children?

Answer: As you watch your child grow, remember that each child develops at his or her own pace and the range of normal is quite wide. There are many different types of developmental delays in infants and young children. Even children who do have serious delays can make big improvements when treatment begins as early as possible. If you have any doubts, talk to your child's health care provider, and make sure you adhere to the suggested schedule for well child visits.


Question: What are warning signs of speech or language developmental delays in children?

Answer: By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to loud noises does not babble begins babbling but does not try to imitate sounds (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to sounds By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not use any single words (like "mama") does not understand words like "bye bye'' or "no" By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot speak at least 15 words does not use two-word phrases without repetition; can only imitate speech does not use speech to communicate more than immediate needs Until 6 months, a newborn's vision is normally blurry. Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned. By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not smile at people does not pay attention to new faces, or seems frightened by them By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: refuses to cuddle shows no affection for parents or caregivers shows no enjoyment around people cannot be comforted at night (after 5 months) does not smile without prompting (by 5 months) does not laugh or squeal (by 6 months) shows no interest in games of peek-a-boo (by 8 months) By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: shows no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or facial expressions (at 9 months) shows no back-and-forth gestures, such as waving, reaching, or pointing Problems with thinking, or cognitive delays, may be due to one or more of these reasons: genetic defects significant medical problems before birth exposure to something harmful in the environment, such as a toxin neglect Possible causes.


Question: What is yohimbe?

Answer: The active ingredient from the bark of yohimbe -- yohimbine -- is used in some prescription drugs for erectile dysfunction. Yohimbine drugs have also been used to ease the sexual side effects of antidepressants and to treat low sex drive in women. However, it's not clear that yohimbe -- the natural product -- has the same benefits as yohimbine. There is no standard dose. The bark extract is sometimes used to make a tea.


Question: What is indigestion?

Answer: You might have: Bloating Belching and gas Nausea and vomiting An acidic taste in your mouth Fullness during or after a meal Growling stomach Burning in your stomach or upper belly Belly pain These symptoms might be worse when you're stressed. This type is called functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia.


Question: How is indigestion diagnosed?

Answer: Be specific about where in your belly you usually feel pain or bloating. First, your doctor will try to rule out other health conditions that could be causing your symptoms. She might do blood tests and X-rays of your stomach or small intestine. She might also use a thin, flexible tube with a light and a camera to look closely at the inside of your stomach, a procedure called an upper endoscopy. Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious health problem, let your doctor know if you have any of the following symptoms: Vomiting or blood in your vomit.


Question: How can I prevent indigestion?

Answer: High-fat foods can also add to the problem. Avoid alcohol. You can keep a food diary to figure out what you eat that gives you trouble. Other ways to prevent the problem: Eat small meals so your stomach doesn't have to work as hard or as long. Eat slowly. Avoid foods with a lot of acid, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes. Limit spicy foods Limit fried and greasy foods Cut back on or avoid foods and drinks that have caffeine. If stress is a trigger, learn new ways to manage it, such as relaxation and biofeedback techniques. If you smoke, quit. Or at least, don't light up right before or after you eat, since smoking can irritate your stomach. Don't lie down right after you've eaten. Wait at least 3 hours after your last meal of the day before you go to bed. Raise the top of your bed so that your head and chest are higher than your feet. You can do this by placing 6-inch blocks under the top bedposts. Don't use piles of pillows to achieve the same goal. You'll only put your head at an angle that can increase pressure on your stomach and make heartburn worse.


Question: How can being a woman affect your risk for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: It's not clear why, but some researchers think the changing hormones in the menstrual cycle may have something to do with it. The condition seems to run in families.


Question: What is supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?

Answer: Most of the time, it doesn't cause any serious health problems, though it's natural that a really fast heartbeat would concern you. Be sure to make an appointment with your doctor if you've felt your heart racing when you haven't been exercising or feeling anxious. It's actually a group of several different heart conditions that have a few things in common. That's where SVT might come in.


Question: What is atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT)?

Answer: Like AVNRT above, this happens when cells in your heart are sending electrical impulses in an extra circle. That's what ends up causing the extra heartbeats.


Question: What should I know about an enlarged uterus?

Answer: But pregnancy isn't the only potential reason for an enlarged uterus. An enlarged uterus is common and can be a symptom of a variety of medical conditions, some of which require treatment. Two of the most common causes of an enlarged uterus are uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. The cause of fibroids is not known, but the tumors seem to rely on estrogen to grow.


Question: How can uterine fibroids lead to an enlarged uterus?

Answer: While the cause of adenomyosis is unknown, the condition usually occurs in women older than age 30 who have had children. It is more common in women who have had uterine surgery, including a cesarean section. In some cases, an enlarged uterus can be a symptom of uterine cancers, including endometrial cancer (affecting the lining of the uterus) and cervical cancer (affecting the lower portion of the uterus where it joins the vagina).


Question: What tests are used to diagnose serotonin syndrome?

Answer: Don't stop any medication before talking to your doctor. Other conditions may cause symptoms that are similar to serotonin syndrome. Lab tests to exclude other causes of symptoms may be ordered.


Question: When is a lung transplant not recommended?

Answer: Numerous tests are performed during a lung transplant evaluation, which can include: Pulmonary function tests Cardiac stress test Coronary artery catheterization Bone mineral density test Chest X-ray Computed tomography ( CT scan) of the chest Blood tests for kidney function and liver function, and a complete blood count ( CBC) Blood type and antibodies present in the blood, for matching against potential organ donors Doctors usually won't recommend a lung transplant if these conditions are present: significant heart, liver, or kidney disease; alcohol or drug abuse; ongoing infections; or cancer (although if there's significant heart disease, some patients may be considered for a combined heart-lung transplant). Also, anyone who continues to smoke cannot receive a lung transplant. Also, the necessary powerful immune-suppressing drugs have unavoidable side effects, including diabetes, kidney damage, and vulnerability to infections.


Question: How do you prepare for a lung transplant?

Answer: First, a doctor refers a patient to a regional transplant center. At the transplant center, doctors, psychologists, social workers, and other staff meet with the person to gather information. This may take place on several visits occurring over many weeks or months. Besides the patient's lung condition, the team considers the person's family and social support, financial situation, psychological makeup, and any other medical conditions. Numerous tests are performed during a lung transplant evaluation, which can include: Pulmonary function tests Cardiac stress test Coronary artery catheterization Bone mineral density test Chest X-ray Computed tomography ( CT scan) of the chest Blood tests for kidney function and liver function, and a complete blood count ( CBC) Blood type and antibodies present in the blood, for matching against potential organ donors Doctors usually won't recommend a lung transplant if these conditions are present: significant heart, liver, or kidney disease; alcohol or drug abuse; ongoing infections; or cancer (although if there's significant heart disease, some patients may be considered for a combined heart-lung transplant). A person's place on the list is determined by the Lung Allocation Score, a complicated calculation that tries to predict two things: How long a patient is likely to live without a lung transplant How long a patient would be expected to live after receiving a lung transplant People with higher scores are considered first when organ donors' lungs become available.


Question: How do doctors grade a brain tumor?

Answer: The grading also gives you an idea of how fast the tumor may grow and spread. Grade 1. The cells look nearly normal and grow slowly. Long-term survival is likely. The cells look slightly abnormal and grow slowly. The tumor may spread to nearby tissue and can recur later, maybe at a more life-threatening grade. These tumors tend to recur. The cells look most abnormal and grow and spread quickly.


Question: How can chemotherapy help with treating brain cancer?

Answer: They often cause seizures or changes in behavior. Radiation therapy is used after surgery to kill any tumor cells that remain in the area.


Question: What should you about malignant brain tumor?

Answer: Some brain tumors contain cancer cells and others don't: Benign brain tumors don't have cancer cells. The rates of growth vary, but cells can invade healthy brain tissue nearby. Malignant tumors rarely spread beyond the brain or spinal cord.


Question: How are swollen joints (joint effusion) caused by infectious arthritis treated?

Answer: Infectious arthritis . Sometimes, surgery may be needed to allow drainage of infected material.


Question: How are swollen joints (joint effusion) caused by inflammatory types of arthritis treated?

Answer: Psoriatic arthritis . These include the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs), biologic agents such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and enzyme inhibitors which can block the proteins that cause.


Question: What are Muehrcke's lines

Answer: Muehrcke's lines appear as double white lines that run across the fingernails horizontally. Muehrcke's lines usually affect several nails at a time. There are usually no lines on the thumbnails. The exact cause of Muehrcke's lines is not clearly understood. The lines are not caused by injury to the cuticle or nail area.


Question: Have Muehrcke's lines been linked to any health issues?

Answer: The lines have been linked to low levels of a protein called albumin. Although low albumin level is most commonly linked to liver disease, many different systemic (body-wide) diseases can cause low albumin levels. Muehrcke's lines have been seen in people with: Cancer after chemotherapy Kidney disease, including nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis Liver disease, including cirrhosis An unbalanced diet that leads to an extreme lack of nutrients in the body (severe malnutrition) One possible theory for the appearance of Muehrcke's lines is that these diseases lead to swelling in the nail bed.


Question: What causes muscle cramps?

Answer: You are having a muscle cramp. They include: Poor blood circulation in your legs Working calf muscles too hard while exercising Not stretching enough Being active in hot temperatures Muscle fatigue Dehydration Magnesium and/or potassium deficiency A problem such as a spinal cord injury or pinched nerve in your neck or back Kidney disease Muscle cramps can also occur as a side effect of some drugs.


Question: When should I call the doctor about muscle cramps?

Answer: You are having a muscle cramp. How can you stop it and prevent another one from happening? But if you get them often and for no clear reason, tell your doctor.


Question: How can I be referred for a diabetes educator?

Answer: The C-peptide test is a tool your doctor uses to test whether you have type 1 diabetes, when the immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, or type 2, when your body doesn't use insulin as well it should. A high level can mean that you: Have insulin resistance -- meaning your body doesn't use it as well as it should; if you have type 2 diabetes, your insulin levels may be high.


Question: Who is at risk of getting colorectal cancer?

Answer: You're also more likely to develop it if you smoke or eat a high-fat diet. If you're at risk for colorectal cancer, or if the results suggest you might have it, your doctor will likely order a colonoscopy.


Question: What eating milestones should you expect in your 10-month-old?

Answer: Be sure to avoid choking hazards such as popcorn, raisins, nuts, hard candy, whole grapes, and hot dogs cut into circles. Now that a few teeth have come in, introduce thicker consistencies and more table foods cut up into small pieces that you serve as finger foods. Letting her feed herself these finger foods allows her to practice her pincer grasp, and it helps her practice her coordination skills by picking the food up and putting it in her mouth. If you haven't done so already, try giving your baby a spoon and letting her feed herself. Pick a utensil with a large, easy-to-grasp handle. Some parents make their baby food by boiling fruits, vegetables, and meats and then grinding them or blending them for baby to eat.


Question: What milestones should you expect in your 10-month-old?

Answer: At 10 months, your baby's coordination has improved a lot. Now that a few teeth have come in, introduce thicker consistencies and more table foods cut up into small pieces that you serve as finger foods. When you say âcarâ or âdog,â your baby may point at the object, and she should respond to the sound of her own name.


Question: How do anticonvulsant drugs treat bipolar disorder mood episodes, and when are they most effective?

Answer: Several anticonvulsant medications are recognized as mood stabilizers to treat or prevent mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Today, they are often prescribed alone, with lithium, or with an antipsychotic drug to control mania. Anticonvulsants work by calming hyperactivity in the brain in various ways. They are often prescribed for people who have rapid cycling -- four or more episodes of mania and depression in a year. In general, however, these drugs are at maximal effectiveness after taking them for several weeks.


Question: What are symptoms of hypermobility joint syndrome?

Answer: It is a common joint or muscle problem in children and young adults. The pain is more common in the legs, such as the calf or thigh muscles. It most often involves large joints such as the knees or elbows. That swelling may come and go within hours. For some people, doctors recommend splints, braces, or taping to protect affected joints during activity.


Question: Who should think about trying the ketogenic diet for epilepsy?

Answer: About half of kids who follow it have a big drop in how many they get. As many as 1 in 7 stop having seizures completely. The diet helps with many types of epilepsy, but works especially well with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, myoclonic astatic epilepsy ( Doose syndrome), and others. Some pediatric epilepsy syndromes respond very well to the ketogenic diet and most adult epilepsies do not. Because the ketogenic diet is so demanding, doctors usually only recommend it if a child has already tried two or three medications and they haven't worked. If she stops the ketogenic diet suddenly, it could trigger seizures.


Question: What things do I need to know before I buy a child safety seat?

Answer: Yet buying and installing a car seat can seem overwhelming. Don't get intimidated. You just need to consider three things: Your baby's age Your baby's weight and height Whether the car seat meets safety standards Here's a quick guide from the CDC on how to choose a seat based on your child's age, weight, and height: Birth to age 2.


Question: Why do I need a child safety seat?

Answer: Because it's an essential part of car safety. Child seats save lives. If your baby is securely strapped in a car seat, his or her risk of dying in a car accident goes down by 71%, according to the CDC. Every state has different laws on children's car seats. Some states will fine you $100 or more for failing to secure your child in the correct child seat.


Question: What should I do if someone faints?

Answer: If he or she is sitting, carefully support them in a bent position, with their head between their knees. If he or she is lying down, position them on their back and raise their feet higher than their head. Turn their head to the side, so that their tongue does not accidentally block their breathing and so that any vomit will not cause choking. Once they regain consciousness, do not allow someone who has fainted to get up immediately. Then be prepared to support them in case they faint again when they stand.


Question: How can I track my joint stiffness symptoms to tell my doctor?

Answer: You may feel it in these areas: Fingers and hands Wrists Elbows Knees Ankles Feet Shoulders Hips Jaw Make a list of your symptoms and when they happen. Has it changed in intensity over time or moved to new joints? You might also take some blood tests to help find out what the problem is. Pace yourself.


Question: Is it important to stay at a healthy weight to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: At your appointment, share your list of symptoms and also mention anything that's not related to your joints, such as fatigue or weight loss. If you're not sure what your weight goal should be, ask your doctor.


Question: How does maintaining a healthy weight help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: At your appointment, share your list of symptoms and also mention anything that's not related to your joints, such as fatigue or weight loss. If you're not sure what your weight goal should be, ask your doctor.


Question: How do medications help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Although stiff joints are a classic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), you can also get them for other reasons. You may need to take more than one. Some stop the disease from getting worse. Others ease symptoms of joint stiffness and pain.


Question: What is the Zhong Zhu or TE3 pressure point?

Answer: This treatment involves massaging certain points on the body to relax muscles, balance your natural energy flow, and relieve stress and pain. He Gu, or LI4 -- short for large intestine 4 -- is a point on your hand that, like GB-21, can be targeted to relieve headaches, stress, neck pain, and more. You'll find it in the thick part of the muscle between your thumb and index finger.


Question: What is acupuncture for migraines?

Answer: It's based on the idea that your body has a natural flow of energy called chi that travels along routes known as meridians. If one of these pathways is blocked, your chi is unbalanced, and acupuncture can fix it. It's also been part of Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years.


Question: What are alternative treatments for migraines?

Answer: That's why many people turn to alternative treatments like acupuncture, acupressure, or even special ear piercings. There are few, if any, negative side effects for most patients.


Question: When can shared psychotic disorders happen?

Answer: Shared psychotic disorders usually happen only in long-term relationships in which the person who has the psychotic disorder is dominant and the other person is passive. For instance, this could happen in a cult if the leader is psychotic and his or her followers take on their delusions. Usually, treatment involves separating the person who has the shared psychotic disorder from the person who has the psychotic disorder.


Question: What does the trigeminal nerve do?

Answer: Each trigeminal nerve splits into three branches, controlling the feeling for different parts of your face. They are: The ophthalmic branch. This affects your lower eyelid, cheek, nostril, upper lip, and upper gum. The mandibular branch.


Question: When do you need surgery for trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer: Surgery: Over time, your medication may help you less and less. That's common among people with trigeminal neuralgia. If that happens, you have several surgical options. Procedures include: Microvascular decompression, which moves or takes out blood vessels that are affecting the nerve. Gamma knife radiosurgery, which uses radiation focused on your trigeminal nerve. Rhizotomy, which destroys nerve fibers.


Question: How are vaginal fistulas treated?

Answer: A vaginal fistula is an abnormal opening that connects your vagina to another organ. Most often, the culprit is tissue damage that can result from any of the following: Abdominal surgery (hysterectomy or C-section) Pelvic, cervical, or colon cancer Radiation treatment Bowel disease like Crohn's or diverticulitis Infection (including after an episiotomy or a tear you had when you gave birth) Traumatic injury, such as from a car accident Some fistulas may heal on their own. If it's a small bladder fistula, your doctor might want to try putting a small tube called a catheter into your bladder to drain the pee and give the fistula time to heal by itself. He might also want to try a special glue or plug made of natural proteins to seal or fill the fistula. Still, many people need surgery. It could be laparoscopic, where your doctor makes small cuts (incisions) and uses cameras and tools. Or it could be abdominal surgery, where you get a regular incision with a tool called a scalpel.


Question: What causes vaginal fistulas?

Answer: A vaginal fistula is an abnormal opening that connects your vagina to another organ. Most often, the culprit is tissue damage that can result from any of the following: Abdominal surgery (hysterectomy or C-section) Pelvic, cervical, or colon cancer Radiation treatment Bowel disease like Crohn's or diverticulitis Infection (including after an episiotomy or a tear you had when you gave birth) Traumatic injury, such as from a car accident Some fistulas may heal on their own.


Question: What are side effects of chromium?

Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Chromium seems to have few side effects. There have been some reports of chromium causing occasional irregular heartbeats, sleep disturbances, headaches, mood changes, and allergic reactions. Chromium may increase the risk of kidney or liver damage. If you have kidney or liver disease, do not take chromium without talking to your doctor first.


Question: How safe is chromium?

Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Experts don't know how much chromium people need. Excessive doses of chromium may actually worsen insulin sensitivity.


Question: What are types of food that I can get chromium?

Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Perhaps most importantly, chromium forms a compound in the body that seems to enhance the effects of insulin and lower glucose levels. Foods that are good sources of chromium include: Vegetables such as broccoli, potatoes, and green beans Whole-grain products Beef and poultry Fruits, including apples and bananas; grape juice Milk and dairy products Side effects.


Question: How does chromium interact with other drugs?

Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. If you have kidney or liver disease, do not take chromium without talking to your doctor first. Since chromium may affect blood sugar levels, it is crucial that anyone taking diabetes medications, like insulin, only use chromium under the care of a medical doctor. Chromium may also interact with drugs like antacids, acid reflux drugs, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, insulin, thyroid medicine and NSAID painkillers. These interactions may cause the chromium to be poorly absorbed or amplify the effect of the other medicine.


Question: Why do people take chromium?

Answer: Chromium -- specifically, trivalent chromium -- is an essential trace element that's used by some people as a supplement. Some studies have shown that chromium supplements may be helpful for people with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance (prediabetes). There's good evidence that chromium can lower glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity, although not all studies have shown a benefit. Chromium supplements have also been studied for their effects on cholesterol, heart disease risk, psychological disorders, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions. However, the study results have been contradictory or unclear. Some chromium studies have shown these benefits, but others have not.


Question: How will your doctor diagnose retinal vein occlusion?

Answer: She'll put drops in your eyes to open up your pupils. She'll use a tool called an ophthalmoscope to check your retina for signs of blockage or bleeding. Your doctor will be able see any fluid leaks in your blood vessels.


Question: What is retinal vein occlusion?

Answer: When a vein in the retina becomes blocked, it's called retinal vein occlusion. This can give you blurry vision or even sudden permanent blindness in that eye. It's similar to retinal artery occlusion, which is sometimes called an eye stroke. You may get drops to dilate your pupils and then a machine scans your eyes with rays of light to make a detailed image of your retina.


Question: How can I begin exercising if I have diabetes?

Answer: Exercise may do more things for you than you realize, if you have diabetes. Start with these 7 simple strategies: Your doctor will make sure you're ready for whatever you want to do. Just a few things, like lifting heavy weights, can be dangerous if diabetes has damaged the blood vessels in your eyes, or if you have cataracts or glaucoma. And if you have diabetes-related nerve damage in your feet, you may need to choose activities that don't put too much pressure on your feet. Your doctor should be able to advise you on what you can do, and may also recommend taking an exercise stress test. Check your feet before and after you exercise for any blisters or irritation.


Question: As a diabetic, what should I wear when exercising?

Answer: Exercise may do more things for you than you realize, if you have diabetes. It's unlikely, but if you have any sudden pain; or if you can't catch your breath after slowing down or stopping; or if you get lightheaded â stop, and let your doctor know about any problems. Moisture-wicking socks and gel insoles can help protect your feet. It's also a good idea to wear a medical ID tag so that others will know about your condition in the event of an emergency.


Question: How should I start my exercises if I have diabetes?

Answer: Start with these 7 simple strategies: Your doctor will make sure you're ready for whatever you want to do. When it's time to get moving, warm up before and cool down after. Drink plenty of water before, during, and after exercise so you don't get dehydrated.


Question: What are the treatments for patellofemoral pain syndrome?

Answer: Typically caused by overuse, patellofemoral pain syndrome can lead to pain, stiffness, or a buckling feeling in the knee and lower thighbone. It's common in athletes, especially females and young adults. Often, it gets better with over-the-counter pain relievers and the â RICEâ method: Rest. Avoid activities that trigger pain, and try not to put any weight on your knee. Compress. Use a stretchy bandage that has a hole for your kneecap. You want it to feel snug but not tight. Elevate. Keep your knee higher than your heart as much as possible. If it happens due to an injury, it usually goes away on its own with a little self-care: Avoid activities that trigger pain Wrap an ice pack in a towel and apply it for 20 minutes, three to four times a day Keep your knee above your heart as much as possible Take over-the-counter pain relievers If these treatments don't work, your doctor may: Take fluid out of the bursa using a needle Give you a cortisone injection to help with pain and swelling If the bursa is infected, you'll also need antibiotics.


Question: What can you do to treat prepatellar bursitis?

Answer: Bones, tendons, and ligaments all come together so you can run, jump, and kick to your heart's content. Small tears. With prepatellar bursitis, the bursa in the front of your knee gets irritated and swells with extra fluid. That puts pressure on your knee that leads to pain. If it happens due to an injury, it usually goes away on its own with a little self-care: Avoid activities that trigger pain Wrap an ice pack in a towel and apply it for 20 minutes, three to four times a day Keep your knee above your heart as much as possible Take over-the-counter pain relievers If these treatments don't work, your doctor may: Take fluid out of the bursa using a needle Give you a cortisone injection to help with pain and swelling If the bursa is infected, you'll also need antibiotics. If they don't help, you may need surgery to get out the extra fluid.


Question: What are the treatments for chondromalacia patellae?

Answer: Often, it gets better with over-the-counter pain relievers and the â RICEâ method: Rest. Damage to the cartilage behind the kneecap is called chondromalacia. You may feel a dull pain around or under your kneecap that gets worse when you go down stairs. Again, you'll start with self-care: Avoiding activities that cause pain Applying an ice pack wrapped in a towel for 15 to 20 minutes, four times a day for several days Over-the-counter pain meds You might also see a physical therapist for help with: Changes in how you exercise -- you'll need to avoid high-impact activities as well as kneeling and squatting Choosing the best footwear for your activities Safe exercises to stretch and strengthen your thigh and hamstring Shoe inserts, if you need them Tape, brace, or a sleeve to keep your kneecap aligned If these treatments don't work, you may need surgery to remove damaged cartilage and correct kneecap alignment.


Question: What does patellofemoral pain syndrome feel like?

Answer: It's common in athletes, especially females and young adults. Your doctor may suggest physical therapy to: Improve strength and range of motion in your thigh, hip, abs, and lower back Show you how to tape your knee or use a brace to reduce pain Teach you how to correct your form if your knee moves in when you squat Rarely, you might need surgery to remove damaged cartilage, loosen tendons, or realign the patellar tendon and the top of the shinbone.


Question: What is prepatellar bursitis?

Answer: Bones, tendons, and ligaments all come together so you can run, jump, and kick to your heart's content. Small tears. With prepatellar bursitis, the bursa in the front of your knee gets irritated and swells with extra fluid. That puts pressure on your knee that leads to pain.


Question: How many calories should I eat if I have HIV?

Answer: That's because your body will undergo changes, both from medications and the disease itself. To get enough calories: Consume 17 calories per pound of your body weight if you've been maintaining your weight. Consume 20 calories per pound if you have an opportunistic infection. Consume 25 calories per pound if you are losing weight. Your body may have a variety of responses to HIV and you may also experience side effects from medications.