Question: Is activity modification used to treat spinal compression fractures?

Answer: If osteoporosis has caused a spinal compression fracture, the treatment should address the pain, the fracture, and the underlying osteoporosis to prevent future fractures. Doctors may recommend a short period of bed rest for no more than a few days. However, prolonged inactivity should be avoided.


Question: How often should I see an eye doctor if I have diabetes?

Answer: Here are more tips to prevent diabetic retinopathy: Make sure you see an eye doctor at least once a year for a complete eye exam. If you have diabetes and are pregnant, have a thorough eye exam during your first trimester. Follow up with your eye doctor during pregnancy. Tell your eye doctor if you develop gestational diabetes.


Question: What are symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: It's the leading cause of blindness for all adults in the U. S. You might not have any signs of diabetic retinopathy until it becomes serious. When you do have symptoms, you might notice: Loss of central vision, which is used when you read or drive Not being able to see colors Blurry vision Holes or black spots in your vision Floaters, or small spots in your vision caused by bleeding If your blood glucose level (blood sugar) is too high for too long, it blocks off the small blood vessels that keep your retina healthy. Your doctor will tell you if any of these treatments are right for you.


Question: What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: It's the leading cause of blindness for all adults in the U. S. You might not have any signs of diabetic retinopathy until it becomes serious. When you do have symptoms, you might notice: Loss of central vision, which is used when you read or drive Not being able to see colors Blurry vision Holes or black spots in your vision Floaters, or small spots in your vision caused by bleeding If your blood glucose level (blood sugar) is too high for too long, it blocks off the small blood vessels that keep your retina healthy. Your doctor will tell you if any of these treatments are right for you.


Question: What is laser photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: It can make your vision blurry. Your eye doctor can usually tell if you have diabetic retinopathy during your eye exam. It shows if any of your blood vessels are leaking or damaged.


Question: How is diabetic retinopathy treated?

Answer: It can make your vision blurry. It shows if any of your blood vessels are leaking or damaged. Scatter laser surgery. If blood vessels leak into your retina and vitreous humor and your vision clouds, you may need to have this procedure. It removes the leaked blood so you can see better. This can treat cloudy vision. Your doctor will tell you if any of these treatments are right for you.


Question: Is it common to get diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: When you do have symptoms, you might notice: Loss of central vision, which is used when you read or drive Not being able to see colors Blurry vision Holes or black spots in your vision Floaters, or small spots in your vision caused by bleeding If your blood glucose level (blood sugar) is too high for too long, it blocks off the small blood vessels that keep your retina healthy. If you have any form of diabetes -- type 1, type 2, or gestational -- you may get diabetic retinopathy. This can change the way your retina looks. You're more likely to get DME at later stages of diabetic retinopathy, but it can happen at any point. This will slow down diabetic retinopathy and maybe even stop it from happening.


Question: How can fruits and vegetables keep your child's teeth healthy?

Answer: Tips for selecting and eating foods that are more healthful to your child's teeth: Keep lots of fruits and vegetables in your house -- to offer as "healthy snacks" -- instead of carbohydrates. Choose fruits and vegetables that contain a high volume of water, such as pears, melons, celery, and cucumbers. Limit bananas and raisins, as these contain concentrated sugar, or urge your child to brush after these fruits are eaten.


Question: Why should you brush your child's teeth after giving him or her medicine?

Answer: Be sure to brush your child's teeth after giving him or her medicine. Medicines such as cough syrups contain sugar that bacteria in the mouth use to make acids. These acids can eat away at the enamel -- the protective top layer of the tooth.


Question: Is  xylitol-sweetened or sugar-free gum OK for children's teeth?

Answer: Other tips: If your child chews gum, encourage him or her to choose xylitol-sweetened or sugar-free gum. Xylitol has been shown to reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth and the chewing action helps increase the flow of saliva.


Question: How can offering your child plain water keep his teeth healthy?

Answer: Offer your child plain water instead of juice or soda. Juices, sodas, and even milk contain sugar. Water does not harm the teeth and aids in washing away any food particles that may be clinging to teeth.


Question: What sticky, chewy foods should your child avoid to keep his teeth healthy?

Answer: Raisins, dried figs, granola bars, oatmeal or peanut butter cookies, jelly beans, caramel, honey, molasses, and syrup stick to teeth making it difficult for saliva to wash away. If your child consumes these types of products, have him or her brush their teeth immediately after eating. Avoid sugary foods that linger on the teeth.


Question: What are the symptoms of pinworm infection?

Answer: Most people who are infected don't have any. If you do, they might include any of the following: Anal itching, especially at night Restless sleep Itching of the vaginal area -- if adult worms move to the vagina Feeling irritable Abdominal pain that comes and goes Talk to your doctor if you have severe anal itching -- especially at night.


Question: Which over-the-counter medications may your doctor recommend for a pinworm infection?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter treatment like pyrantel pamoate ( Reese's Pinworm Medication, Pin- X). He might also prescribe medication to everyone in your household to prevent infection and re-infection.


Question: What are the complications of pinworm infection?

Answer: Most of the time, pinworm infections don't cause serious problems. In rare cases, and especially if you have a lot of them, the pinworms can travel from the anal area up the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and around the pelvic organs. This can cause inflammation of the vagina -- what doctors call vulvovaginitis.


Question: How do you get pinworm infection?

Answer: The eggs can also live on surfaces like clothing, bedding, or other objects. If you touch one of these items and then put your fingers in your mouth, you'll ingest the eggs. About a month later, the eggs hatch in your intestines and mature into adult worms. Female pinworms move to your anus area to lay their eggs. This causes anal itching. If you scratch the area, the eggs cling to your fingers and get under your nails. If you touch other surfaces or objects, you could spread the worms.


Question: How is a pinworm infection diagnosed?

Answer: If you, your child, or someone in your household has symptoms of pinworm infection, call your doctor and ask about the tape test. Simply take a clear piece of tape and press the sticky side to the skin around the anus. Do this as soon as you or your child wake up -- before you use the bathroom, shower, or get dressed. The pinworm eggs will stick to the tape. You'll need to repeat this test three days in a row, then take all the pieces of tape to your doctor. He'll view them under a microscope.


Question: Are pinworm infections contagious?

Answer: It's also easily spread to family members and caregivers. People who live in crowded spaces, like institutions, have a higher risk of getting pinworm infections. He might also prescribe medication to everyone in your household to prevent infection and re-infection.


Question: How can I prevent pinworm infection?

Answer: Female pinworms move to your anus area to lay their eggs. Wash your anal area in the morning to reduce the number of eggs on your body. Shower to prevent possible re-contamination in bath water. Don't bathe with anyone or share towels during treatment and for two weeks after final treatment. Change your underwear and bed linens each day. This helps remove eggs. Wash bedsheets, nightclothes, underwear, washcloths, and towels in hot water to kill pinworm eggs. Dry them on high heat. Don't scratch your anal area. Trim your child's nails so there's less space for eggs to collect. Discourage nail biting. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before handling food. Teach your kids to do the same.


Question: What happens during a trigger point injection (TPI)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the TPI procedure, a health care professional inserts a small needle into the patient's trigger point. The injection contains a local anesthetic or saline, and may include a corticosteroid. With the injection, the trigger point is made inactive and the pain is alleviated. Often, a brief course of treatment will result in sustained relief. Injections are given in a doctor's office and usually take just a few minutes.


Question: What is trigger point injection (TPI)?

Answer: TPI is a procedure used to treat painful areas of muscle that contain trigger points, or knots of muscle that form when muscles do not relax. Many times, such knots can be felt under the skin. Trigger points may irritate the nerves around them and cause referred pain, or pain that is felt in another part of the body.


Question: When should you call your doctor about using blood thinners?

Answer: Let your doctor know right away if you notice any signs of unusual bleeding, like: Heavier-than-normal menstrual periods Blood in your urine or stool Bleeding from your gums or nose Vomiting or coughing up blood Dizziness Weaknesses A severe headache or stomach ache If you take an anticoagulant like warfarin, you'll need regular blood tests so your doctor can adjust your levels if needed. Ask him about other steps you should take to stay safe while you're on this medication. Be careful with activities that can lead to head injuries.


Question: Can your diet affect blood thinners?

Answer: Don't start any new medicines without their OK. And remember that your diet is also very important. Some foods -- like green, leafy vegetables -- contain vitamin K. This can counteract the blood thinners. Talk to your doctor about your diet.


Question: Why do people use blood thinners?

Answer: If you have atrial fibrillation, blood thinners can help keep you from having a stroke. That's one of the most common reasons doctors prescribe it.


Question: What are antiplatelets?

Answer: These target tiny particles in the blood called platelets. They come in pill form, and include: Aspirin Clopidogrel ( Plavix) Dipyridamole ( Persantine) Prasugrel ( Effient) Ticagrelor ( Brilinta) Vorapaxar ( Zontivity) How They Work Blood thinners don't actually make your blood thinner.


Question: Who needs to use blood thinners?

Answer: About 2 million to 3 million people take blood thinners every year. You may need them if you've already had a heart attack or a stroke, since they can lower your risk of having a second one. You may also need this type of medicine if you have a heart or blood vessel disease, an irregular heart rhythm, lupus, or deep vein thrombosis. ( DVT is a dangerous type of blood clot that often forms in the leg.) You also have a greater risk for blood clots if you're overweight, recently had surgery, or have an artificial heart valve.


Question: What are the risks associated with using blood thinners?

Answer: Risks Clotting isn't always a bad thing: When you cut yourself, it's what seals your wound and keeps you from losing too much blood. Blood thinners prevent clotting. So, even tiny cuts or bruises will bleed a lot more if you take these drugs.


Question: What are anticoagulants?

Answer: These keep your blood from clotting, or turning into solid clumps of cells that stick together. Most come in pill form. Some popular ones in this category include: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Fondaparinux ( Arixtra) Heparin ( Fragmin, Innohep, and Lovenox) Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven) Other, more powerful types of this blood thinner are given as a shot or through an IV, either in the hospital or at home. Some of the more well-known ones are heparin and fondaparinux.


Question: How do blood thinners work?

Answer: Nor can they break up clots. But they do keep blood from forming new clots. They can also slow the growth of existing ones. Some anticoagulants do this by competing with vitamin K from the liver. Your body needs this to make proteins called clotting factors. These help blood cells and platelets (tiny pieces of blood cells) bind together. Antiplatelets keep platelets from sticking to each other and to the walls of blood vessels. These drugs are weaker than anticoagulants. They're often prescribed to people at risk for future blood clots, rather than to treat existing ones.


Question: Are blood thinners dangerous?

Answer: The lifesaving benefits of these drugs often outweigh the potential dangers. Still, it's important to learn about both before you start taking them.


Question: What do blood thinners do?

Answer: They can protect against heart attacks and strokes. But they also come with risks: For example, they'll cause you to bleed more than usual when you cut yourself. Types of Blood Thinners There are two. But they do keep blood from forming new clots. They're often prescribed to people at risk for future blood clots, rather than to treat existing ones.


Question: What are some considerations associated with taking blood thinners?

Answer: The lifesaving benefits of these drugs often outweigh the potential dangers. ( DVT is a dangerous type of blood clot that often forms in the leg.) If you get a dangerous bleeding problem while taking warfarin, doctors can turn to an "antidote" of vitamin K or a combination of prothrombin complex concentrate ( PCC) and fresh frozen plasma to stop it. In addition, approval has been given for using a reversal agent like andexanet alfa ( Andexxa) to reverse the anti-clotting effects of apixaban ( Eliquis) and rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) or idarucizumab ( Praxbind) to reverse the anti-clotting effects of dabigatran etexilate ( Pradaxa). Tell all of your doctors, including your dentist, that you're taking a blood thinner. Don't start any new medicines without their OK. And remember that your diet is also very important.


Question: How can exercise help depression?

Answer: You can do any activity. If your depression is more severe, being active is still a good idea, though you may need other treatments, too. Depression can keep you awake, and a lack of sleep can make you feel depressed. For people with SAD, this treatment can work just as well as antidepressants. In TMS, doctors use a magnetic field to treat depression that's resistant to medications. "


Question: Could my gender cause me to pee so much at night?

Answer: Your gender can play a role, too: Men: An enlarged prostate is common when you're an older guy. It usually isn't serious, but it can keep you from emptying your bladder. Women: After menopause, you make less estrogen. That can cause changes in the urinary tract that make you have to go more often. If you've had children, the muscles in your pelvis may be weaker, too.


Question: Is peeing at night a sign of old age?

Answer: As you age, your body produces less of a hormone that helps concentrate urine so that you can hold it until the morning. When you're older you're also more likely to have other health problems that make you need to pee overnight.


Question: How do I prepare for my doctor's visit for peeing so much at night?

Answer: It may hurt when you pee, your stomach may ache, and you might have a fever. Your doctor will want to know: How you're sleeping Whether you feel tired during the day What medications you take Any other symptoms you have


Question: Could sleeping problems make me pee so much at night?

Answer: When you're older you're also more likely to have other health problems that make you need to pee overnight. That can happen if you have restless legs syndrome, hot flashes, ongoing (chronic) pain, or depression. There's also a connection between sleep apnea and having to go at night. Treating the sleep disorder usually solves the nighttime peeing problem, too.


Question: What problems could happen after a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: The following symptoms may occur after having a corpus callosotomy, although they generally go away on their own: Scalp numbness Nausea Feeling tired or depressed Headaches Difficulty speaking, remembering things, or finding words Paralysis, weakness, loss of sensation Change in personality Serious problems are uncommon with a corpus callosotomy, but there are risks, including: Risks associated with surgery, including infection, bleeding, and an allergic reaction to anesthesia Swelling in the brain Lack of awareness of one side of the body Loss of coordination Problems with speech, such as stuttering Increase in partial seizures (occurring on one side of the brain) Stroke


Question: How well does a corpus callosotomy work?

Answer: Corpus callosotomy is successful in stopping drop attacks, or atonic seizures in which a person suddenly loses muscle tone and falls to the ground, in about 50% to 75% of cases. This can decrease the risk of injury and improve the person's quality of life.


Question: What tests do you get before a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: Candidates for corpus callosotomy undergo an extensive pre-surgery evaluation -- including seizure monitoring, electroencephalography ( EEG), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), and positron emission tomography ( PET). These tests help the doctor pinpoint where the seizures begin and how they spread in the brain. It also helps the doctor determine if a corpus callosotomy is an appropriate treatment.


Question: Who would get a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: A corpus callosotomy, sometimes called split-brain surgery, may be performed in people with the most extreme and uncontrollable forms of epilepsy, when frequent seizures affect both sides of the brain. People considered for corpus callosotomy are typically those who do not respond to treatment with antiseizure medications.


Question: What is recovery from a corpus callosotomy like?

Answer: The patient generally stays in the hospital for two to four days. Most people having a corpus callosotomy will be able to return to their normal activities, including work or school, in six to eight weeks after surgery. The hair over the incision will grow back and hide the surgical scar. The person will continue taking antiseizure drugs.


Question: What is a corpus callosotomy?

Answer: The corpus callosum is a band of nerve fibers located deep in the brain that connects the two halves (hemispheres) of the brain. It helps the hemispheres share information, but it also contributes to the spread of seizure impulses from one side of the brain to the other. However, the seizures usually become less severe, as they cannot spread to the opposite side of the brain.


Question: What is the phase II of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Phase II clinical trials determine the effect of an experimental treatment on the particular disease or condition being evaluated. The best dosage is usually determined during this phase, as well.


Question: Who can participate in a clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Each study enrolls patients with certain conditions and symptoms. If you fit the guidelines for a trial, you may be able to participate. In some instances, you may be required to undergo certain tests to confirm your acceptability as a candidate.


Question: What is the phase IV of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: Phase IV clinical trials apply the new treatment to general patient care. For example, a new drug that was found effective in a clinical trial may be used together with other effective drugs to treat the particular disease or condition in a select group of patients.


Question: What is the phase I of clinical trial for arthritis?

Answer: In a phase I clinical trial, the new arthritis treatment being investigated is given to a small number of participants. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment and how much of it can be given safely.


Question: What conditions can lead exposure cause in adults?

Answer: In adults, lead exposure can cause: Anemia Fertility problems in both men and women Hearing and vision loss High blood pressure Kidney damage Nerve disorders Memory and concentration problems Muscle and joint pain Not all houses built before 1978 have lead-based paint, but the older your house is, the greater the likelihood is that it contains lead paint somewhere inside or out.


Question: Do home lead test kits work?

Answer: They're less expensive than a full inspection or assessment, their accuracy is questionable, and they don't provide the detail that an inspection or a risk assessment gives. You may also collect your own paint samples and send them to a lab for analysis. However, the samples you collect may not be as complete as the samples a certified professional would gather. A certified contractor will take precautions to keep the dust and lead paint chips contained until all surfaces can be cleaned and the lead removed.


Question: What does a risk assessment report tell you about lead paint in your home?

Answer: Risk assessment A risk assessment locates deteriorating paint in your home and evaluates the extent and cause of the deterioration. Painted surfaces in good condition are not tested. If there is a probability, the report will recommend a risk assessment.


Question: How can you treat a nickel allergy?

Answer: Once a nickel allergy develops, it often lasts your whole life. But there are ways to ease your symptoms. The most important thing you can do is avoid contact with objects that can cause a reaction. For mild symptoms, a hydrocortisone cream and antihistamine pills you can buy at the drugstore may help. For more severe symptoms, you doctor may prescribe a steroid cream or a drug that works on your immune system. If your symptoms are very severe, your treatment may also include steroids that you take by mouth and antihistamine pills. If your skin is cracked or blistered, you should take off any metal jewelry right away and see your doctor for treatment to avoid getting an infection.


Question: What are symptoms of being allergic to nickel?

Answer: Sometimes blisters follow. They may break, leaving crusts and scales. If left untreated, your skin may become darker, leathery, and cracked. Most likely, the rash is only on the part of your skin in direct contact with the nickel. In serious cases, the rash may spread. Sweating can make it worse. If your skin becomes infected, it will become warm and redder or filled with pus. Get medical care right away. The patches must stay on for 48 hours.


Question: What are 7 ways to avoid nickel?

Answer: If you're allergic to nickel, your skin will likely show a reaction after that amount of time. But there are ways to ease your symptoms. It's a good idea to avoid piercing guns, since they could contain nickel and can cause bacterial infections. Make sure your jewelry is made of surgical-grade stainless steel or either 14-, 18- or 24-karat yellow gold. White gold may contain nickel. Other nickel-free metals include pure sterling silver, copper, platinum, and titanium. Polycarbonate plastic is okay. If you must wear earrings that have nickel, add plastic covers made for earring studs. Buy eyeglass frames made of titanium or plastic. Choose clothes, including bras and other under-things, with buttons, snaps, rivets, or fasteners that are made of plastic or are plastic-coated or painted metal. If your clothes have nickel items, switch to plastic or plastic coated. Wear watchbands made of leather, cloth, or plastic. If a good piece of jewelry that you wear daily -- such as a wedding ring -- causes a reaction, ask a jeweler about having it plated in a less-allergic metal, such as platinum.


Question: How can you tell if you may be allergic to nickel?

Answer: It's one of the most common skin allergies, in part because nickel is used so many things, including jewelry, cell phones, coins, zippers, eyeglass frames, belt buckles, and keys. If you're allergic to nickel, your skin will likely show a reaction after that amount of time.


Question: How can I prevent tooth and gym disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: Regular brushing and flossing, as well as rinsing with antiseptic mouthwash will get rid of it and stop gingivitis in its tracks.


Question: What other fungal infections does diabetes put me at risk for?

Answer: Thrush is just one kind of mouth infection diabetes puts you at risk for. There are others, including other fungal infections. Both thrush and dry mouth can lead to burning mouth syndrome. So can certain medications, including some for high blood pressure.


Question: How can I prevent oral health problems if I have diabetes?

Answer: The good news is that controlling your diabetes will go a long way toward protecting your teeth and gums. And that, in turn, will also help you manage your diabetes. If you have diabetes, keep an eye out for these oral health conditions -- especially if you've already reached the half-century mark.


Question: Why does diabetes cause oral health issues?

Answer: Bacteria love to feast on sugar, turning it into tooth-damaging acid. Uncontrolled diabetes means more sugar in your saliva, and that means a free banquet for bacteria. As bacteria gather, they combine with saliva and pieces of leftover food to form plaque. When it builds up, it leads to tooth decay and gum disease.


Question: Is burning mouth syndrome harmful to your health?

Answer: This isn't really harmful, unless you make up for the lack of taste by adding sugar to your food. That will boost your risk of cavities and gum disease.


Question: How does periodontitis form in people with diabetes?

Answer: If left untreated, gingivitis can turn into periodontitis, a more serious type of gum disease that erodes the bone and tissues that support your teeth. In the worst case, you might lose your teeth. If you don't floss and brush regularly, bacteria and plaque can build up on your teeth. That causes your gums to pull away from them.


Question: What is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes?

Answer: Gum disease is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes. The first stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. This is when bacteria cause your gums to bleed, turn red, and feel sore.


Question: Does diabetes cause dry mouth?

Answer: Both diabetes and older age (especially if you're a woman) slow down saliva production. This puts you at risk for dry mouth, which your doctor might call xerostomia.


Question: Does diabetes cause slow healing time and what does that mean for oral health?

Answer: If you wear dentures, smoke, or take antibiotics, you may be even more likely to get thrush. That's a byproduct of both diabetes and getting older. At the same time, your risk of infection goes up. That plus slower healing means that if something does go wrong with your gums or teeth, it'll take longer to get better. And it might get worse faster. This can also be a problem after dental surgery.


Question: What is thrush and how is it related to diabetes?

Answer: Gum disease is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes. Saliva makes the enzymes that attack bacteria. Thrush can cause white or red patches on your tongue and inside your cheeks. Sometimes they turn into open sores.


Question: What are the risks of diabetes-associated dry mouth?

Answer: When it builds up, it leads to tooth decay and gum disease. Bacteria aren't the only organisms that like sugar. Both thrush and dry mouth can lead to burning mouth syndrome.


Question: What are the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome?

Answer: Both thrush and dry mouth can lead to burning mouth syndrome. You might lose some of your ability to taste. This can also result from aging.


Question: What other risk factors put me at risk for thrush other than diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, you're more likely to have oral health problems like cavities and gum disease. Bacteria aren't the only organisms that like sugar.


Question: What are symptoms of insomnia relative to menopause?

Answer: Symptoms of insomnia can include one or more of the following: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up frequently during the night with difficulty returning to sleep Waking up too early in the morning Non-refreshing sleep (feeling tired upon waking and throughout the day) Alcohol may help you relax and fall asleep, but it should not be used as a sleep aid, because it has a rebound effect.


Question: What treatments are there for insomnia during menopause?

Answer: He or she may be able to prescribe temporary medicine to help you sleep and get you sleeping regularly. In addition, your doctor can rule out other conditions that may be causing your sleep problem. For example, if depression is causing your sleep problems, your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant. If your insomnia is a result of menopausal symptoms, you may also want to talk to your doctor about taking hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) for a short period of time. HRT may help alleviate symptoms that are causing your sleep problem.


Question: What steps may help you sleep better during menopause?

Answer: Do not nap during the day. Exercise daily. However, be sure to avoid vigorous exercise three hours or less before bedtime. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine throughout the day. Keep your bedroom cool to prevent night sweats. Do not go to bed until you are tired. Take a warm bath or shower at bedtime. Do not watch television, eat, or read in bed. Do these activities in another room until you feel sleepy. Follow the same bedtime routine each night. Avoid using sleeping pills.


Question: Why should you not use alcohol as a sleep aid, even if menopause symptoms keep you awake at night?

Answer: It can disturb your sleep later and can cause you to awaken in the middle of the night.


Question: What do you need to know about menopause and sleep problems?

Answer: There are many steps you can take to get yourself sleeping soundly through the night. If your insomnia is a result of menopausal symptoms, you may also want to talk to your doctor about taking hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) for a short period of time.


Question: How do I track my personal triggers for migraine attacks?

Answer: The first step is to track your migraine symptoms in a diary. Note what you were doing before and when your headache came on. What were you eating? How much sleep did you get the night before? Did anything stressful or important happen that day? These are key clues.


Question: What are the common migraine triggers?

Answer: When you look at your diary, you might find that these things tend to lead to a migraine: Stress Menstrual periods Changes in your normal sleep pattern Extreme fatigue Certain foods and drinks Too much caffeine or withdrawal from it Skipping meals or fasting Changes in the weather Exercise Smoking Bright, flickering lights Certain smells Watch what you eat and drink.


Question: What are some triggers of migraines found in food?

Answer: Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits.


Question: How does someone track their migraine headaches?

Answer: With migraine, one of the best things you can do is learn your personal triggers that bring on the pain. Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits. The first step is to track your migraine symptoms in a diary. Note what you were doing before and when your headache came on. What were you eating? How much sleep did you get the night before? Did anything stressful or important happen that day? These are key clues.


Question: Should I track my personal triggers for migraine headaches?

Answer: With migraine, one of the best things you can do is learn your personal triggers that bring on the pain. Red wine, caffeine withdrawal, stress, and skipped meals are among the common culprits.


Question: How can I avoid migraines?

Answer: If you get a headache, write down the foods and drinks you had before it started. If you see a pattern over time, stay away from that item. Eat regularly. Don't skip meals. So try to slowly ease off caffeine if it seems to be one of your headache triggers. Ask your doctor what would help. Get regular shut-eye. There are many ways to do it. You could exercise, meditate, pray, spend time with people you love, and do things you enjoy. Eat on a regular schedule, and don't let yourself get dehydrated.


Question: What are the symptoms of fainting?

Answer: Depending on the cause of your fainting spell, you may have some or all of these symptoms before or during the episode: Dizziness Weakness Sweating Blurred vision, seeing spots Headache Sensation that the room is moving Ringing in the ears (see tinnitus) Nausea, vomiting Paleness Tingling or numbness of fingertips and around lips Bluish cast to the skin Shortness of breath Incontinence (involuntary urination or defecation) You have an unexplained fainting episode.


Question: What do you need to know about circumcision?

Answer: Approximately two-thirds of boys in the United States are circumcised, some because of the family's religious beliefs or cultural norms. There are some potential medical benefits of circumcision in terms of a slightly lower risk of urinary tract infections ( UTIs) in little boys, certain sexually transmitted infections in men, and penile cancer.


Question: How is circumcision done?

Answer: It should be performed in the first few days of your son's life by a medical doctor, under local anesthesia. If it is performed a few weeks after birth, the circumcision is generally done by a urologist who will use general anesthesia. Some religious groups have the circumcision done later as part of a meaningful ceremony, either by a specially trained non-physician or a physician.


Question: How should you deal with your son's pain during and after circumcision?

Answer: Dealing with your son's pain: Circumcision hurts. The hospital may also give acetaminophen for 24 hours after the procedure. You may ask if your infant can suck on sugar during the circumcision procedure to try to lessen the pain.


Question: Do headaches run in families?

Answer: Headaches, especially migraine headaches, tend to run in families. Most children and teens (90%) who have migraines have other family members who get them. When both parents have a history of migraines, there is a 70% chance their child will also have them. If only one parent has a history of these headaches, the risk drops to 25%-50%.


Question: What should you do if your headaches get worse?

Answer: If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist.


Question: How do you get headaches from stress?

Answer: Emotional stress and depression as well as alcohol use, skipping meals, changes in sleep patterns, and taking too much medication.


Question: How do you get a diagnosis for your headache?

Answer: The first step is to talk to your doctor about your headaches. They'll give you a physical exam and ask you about the symptoms you have and how often they happen. It's important to be as complete as possible with these descriptions. Give your doctor a list of things that cause your headaches, things that make them worse, and what helps you feel better. You can track details in a headache diary to help your doctor diagnose your problem.


Question: Can physical activity trigger migraines?

Answer: Too much physical activity can also trigger a migraine in adults.


Question: What are hormone headaches?

Answer: Hormone Headaches You can get headaches from shifting hormone levels during your periods, pregnancy, and menopause. The hormone changes from birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy can also trigger headaches.


Question: How are headaches treated?

Answer: The type of headache treatment you need will depend on a lot of things, including the type of headache you get, how often, and its cause. Some people don't need medical help at all. But those who do might get medications, electronic medical devices, counseling, stress management, and biofeedback. Your doctor will make a treatment plan to meet your specific needs.


Question: What is a sinus headache?

Answer: It's usually one of the four types of primary headache: Chronic migraine Chronic tension headache New daily persistent headache Hemicrania continua Sinus Headaches With sinus headaches, you feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or on the bridge of your nose. They happen when cavities in your head, called sinuses, get inflamed. The pain usually comes along with other sinus symptoms, like a runny nose, fullness in the ears, fever, and a swollen face.


Question: What should I do after I start headache treatment?

Answer: Once you start a treatment program, keep track of how well it's working. A headache diary can help you note any patterns or changes in how you feel. Know that it may take some time for you and your doctor to find the best treatment plan, so try to be patient. Be honest with them about what is and isn't working for you. Even though you're getting treatment, you should still steer clear of the things you know can trigger your headaches, like foods or smells. And it's important to stick to healthy habits that will keep you feeling good, like regular exercise, enough sleep, and a healthy diet. Also, make your scheduled follow-up appointments so your doctor can see how you're doing and make changes in the treatment program if you need them.


Question: Do doctors know what causes a migraine?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly what causes migraines. A popular theory is that triggers cause unusual brain activity, which leads to changes in the blood vessels there. Some forms of migraines are linked to genetic problems in certain parts of the brain.


Question: What causes headaches?

Answer: Specific nerves in your blood vessels and head muscles switch on and send pain signals to your brain. But it isn't clear how these signals get turned on in the first place.


Question: What should you know about headaches?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Headaches can be more complicated than most people realize. Different kinds can have their own set of symptoms, happen for unique reasons, and need different treatments. Once you know the type of headache you have, you and your doctor can find the treatment that's most likely to help and even try to prevent them.


Question: How do you get headaches from your environment?

Answer: Your environment, including secondhand tobacco smoke, strong smells from household chemicals or perfumes, allergens, and certain foods. Stress, pollution, noise, lighting, and weather changes are other possible triggers.


Question: How do you get headaches from illnesses?

Answer: Some are like tension headaches. Headaches are also common with conditions like sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), a throat infection, or an ear infection. In some cases, headaches can result from a blow to the head or, rarely, a sign of a more serious medical problem.


Question: What illnesses often cause headaches?

Answer: Some people find that it strikes after an infection, flu-like illness, surgery, or stressful event. Headaches are also common with conditions like sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), a throat infection, or an ear infection.


Question: What are chronic progressive headaches?

Answer: Common causes of headaches include: Illness. If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist. Some people don't need medical help at all.


Question: Should I see a headache specialist?

Answer: If you have one, see the doctor. If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, ask your doctor to refer you to a headache specialist.


Question: What is mixed headache syndrome?

Answer: Migraine Headaches Migraine headaches are often described as pounding, throbbing pain. Most children and teens (90%) who have migraines have other family members who get them.


Question: Do you need to fast before you get anesthesia?

Answer: Your doctor will likely tell you not to eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before your operation. That's because anesthesia makes you sleepy and relaxed. The muscles of your stomach and throat also relax, which can cause food to back up and get into your lungs. An empty stomach helps prevent this.


Question: What type and how much anesthesia will I get?

Answer: It depends on the kind of surgery you have. Your doctor will also take into account things like your age, weight, gender, and overall health. A special doctor called an anesthesiologist will make sure you get just the right type and amount of medicine. Your medical team will also monitor you closely during the operation to make sure you don't have a bad reaction to the anesthesia.


Question: Do I need someone to take me home after I've had anesthesia?

Answer: It depends. If you have "local" anesthesia, which just numbs part of your body during surgery, you may be able to drive yourself home. But you won't be able to drive after "general" anesthesia, which puts you to sleep during the operation. The same is true if you get some kind of "sedation" medicine, which relaxes you. Arrange for a friend or family member to take you home. And have someone stay with you for the first day while you recover at home.


Question: What is anesthesia before surgery?

Answer: Before it gets underway, you'll get medicine called anesthesia to block pain, help you relax, and sometimes let you sleep through the operation.


Question: What should I tell my anesthesia doctor?

Answer: Let him know if you: Are allergic to latex, rubber, or medicines Have a health condition, including high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes, liver or kidney disease, sleep apnea, or thyroid disease Have asthma, COPD, bronchitis, or other breathing problems Smoke, drink alcohol, or take street drugs Take NSAIDs or steroid medicines Have numbness or weakness in your arms or legs Have bleeding problems Are pregnant Reacted to anesthesia in the past Ask your anesthesia doctor any questions you have about your surgery or the medicine you'll get.


Question: Why might I need to stop taking certain medicines before surgery?

Answer: Your doctor may tell you not to use some of your medications a few days or more before your surgery because they don't mix well with the drugs used for anesthesia. You may also need to stop certain meds because they can make you bleed more during the operation, like blood thinners such as clopidogrel ( Plavix) and warfarin ( Coumadin), and NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen. Blood pressure drugs and reflux medicines should be OK to take, but ask your doctor to know for sure.


Question: What herbal supplements should you avoid before you get anesthesia?

Answer: Some of them can react with your anesthesia, increase bleeding, or affect your blood pressure during surgery. They include supplements like: Black cohosh Feverfew Garlic Ginger Ginkgo Ginseng Kava St. John's wort Valerian Tell your doctor about every supplement you take and get her opinion on whether you need to stop using it.


Question: What are the side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) when you use them to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Side effects from these drugs include: Nausea Diarrhea High blood pressure Pain in the hands and feet Liver problems m TOR inhibitors are medicines that target the m TOR protein, which helps cancer cells grow.


Question: What are the side effects of radiation treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Side effects of radiation treatment include: Fatigue Skin redness Upset stomach Diarrhea Chemotherapy uses medicine to kill cancer cells all over your body.


Question: What are the side effects of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors when you use them to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Side effects from m TOR inhibitors include: Mouth sores Rash Weakness Not feeling hungry Fluid buildup in the face or legs High blood sugar and cholesterol This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.


Question: What are the side effects of interferon alpha when you use it to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Side effects of this treatment include: Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills Nausea Fatigue Checkpoint inhibitors.


Question: What are the treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Treatments for metastatic renal cell cancer include: Surgery Immunotherapy Targeted therapy Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Talk about all your options with your doctor.


Question: How do you take interleukin-2 (IL-2) to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: You can take IL-2 in one of two ways: Through a thin tube that goes into a vein ( IV). You get it in a hospital. As a shot under your skin. You can get this in a doctor's office or give it to yourself at home.


Question: What are the side effects of nivolumab (Opdivo) when you use it to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Answer: Side effects of Opdivo include: Red patches or a rash on your skin Feeling tired Diarrhea Belly pain Trouble breathing, cough, or chest pain Nausea Sore or dry mouth Headache These medicines target parts of cancer cells that help them grow and survive.


Question: How can intense stress cause you to hear things that aren't real?

Answer: Serious stress, as you might have after going through something traumatic, can cause hallucinations. It's especially common to hear the voice of a loved one after their recent death.


Question: Which mental illnesses can cause you to hear things that aren't real?

Answer: It can sometimes happen with other mental illnesses as well, including: Bipolar disorder Borderline personality disorder Major depressive disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) Schizoaffective disorder Migraines.


Question: How can epilepsy cause you to hear things that aren't real?

Answer: When seizures from epilepsy affect the brain area that processes hearing, you might hear a buzzing sound or voices. In some cases, it warps how you hear things, so they're not as loud or clear.


Question: How can migraines cause you to hear things that aren't real?

Answer: Often, if you get migraines with auras, you see things. But some people hear things instead. Usually, it's voices. And that may be more likely if you also have depression.


Question: What tests will help your doctor find out why you are hearing things that aren't real?

Answer: After that, you'll get some tests based on what your doctor thinks might be the cause. For example, your doctor might suggest you see a psychiatrist to check for a mental illness. You could have some tests based on what your doctor thinks might be the cause: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This measures electrical signals in your brain, to look for epilepsy. Hearing exam: This checks for hearing loss or tinnitus.


Question: How can thyroid disease cause you to hear things that aren't real?

Answer: Certain street drugs, like ecstasy and LSD, can make you see and hear things that aren't there. And it's usually not something to see your doctor about.


Question: How do H2 blockers treat heartburn and reflux?

Answer: In prescription form (usually higher doses than the over-the-counter versions), H2 blockers can generally relieve heartburn and treat reflux, especially if you've never had treatment before. These drugs are particularly useful at alleviating heartburn, but may not be as good for treating esophagitis (inflammation that occurs in the esophagus) that is the result of GERD. Histamine stimulates acid production, especially after meals, so H2 blockers are best taken 30 minutes before meals. They can also be taken at bedtime to suppress nighttime production of acid. Examples of prescription H2 blockers: Famotidine ( Pepcid) Cimetidine Ranitidine ( Zantac) Side effects can include headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, gas, sore throat, runny nose, and dizziness.


Question: How do proton pump inhibitors treat heartburn and reflux?

Answer: Depending on the source of your heartburn or reflux, your doctor can prescribe drugs that block acid production more effectively and for a longer period of time than the H2 blockers, namely the family of medications doctors call proton pump inhibitors. PPIs are best taken an hour before meals. They include: Rabeprazole ( Aciphex) Esomeprazole ( Nexium) Lansoprazole ( Prevacid) Omeprazole ( Prilosec, Zegerid) Pantoprazole ( Protonix) Dexlansoprazole ( Dexilant) Most doctors do not believe that one drug is significantly more effective than the others in managing GERD.


Question: How do promotility agents treat heartburn and reflux?

Answer: Promotility agents work by stimulating the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, which may help prevent acids from staying in the stomach too long, and strengthening the lower esophageal sphincter, reducing reflux into the esophagus. Metoclopramide ( Reglan) is a promotility agent occasionally used to treat heartburn associated with GERD.


Question: What types of prescription medications treat heartburn and reflux?

Answer: Most of the over-the-counter treatments, are not meant to be taken daily for a long time. Depending on the source of your heartburn or reflux, your doctor can prescribe drugs that block acid production more effectively and for a longer period of time than the H2 blockers, namely the family of medications doctors call proton pump inhibitors.


Question: What are the most important risk factors that drive the development of type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Inactivity and obesity increase the risk for diabetes, but exactly how is unclear.


Question: How can exercising help fight inflammation and diabetes?

Answer: Walking 30 minutes a day on most days has been proved to help prevent type 2 diabetes for people at high risk. Part of exercise's power for diabetes prevention may come from its anti-inflammatory effects. Physical activity releases a flood of anti-inflammatory chemicals into the body. Exercise also causes the body's cells, especially muscle cells, to dramatically increase their sensitivity to insulin. The increased insulin sensitivity from exercise also helps reduce chronic inflammation. The benefits are seen even with moderate exercise, like regular walking.


Question: What are the inflammation chemicals involved with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The levels of certain inflammatory chemicals called cytokines are often higher in people with type 2 diabetes compared to people without diabetes.


Question: What is the link between diabetes and inflammation?

Answer: The effects of inflammation are familiar to anyone who has experienced a bug bite, rash, skin infection, or ankle sprain. In those situations, you will see swelling in the affected area. With type 2 diabetes, inflammation is internal. Scientists are only beginning to understand the role this form of internal inflammation may play in the development of chronic diseases like diabetes. Obesity and inactivity have long been known to be the most important risk factors that drive the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight loss and increased physical activity can have strong anti-inflammatory effects and both are important for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.


Question: Are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: NSAIDs As part of rheumatoid arthritis treatment, your doctor will probably prescribe a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID). These medications reduce pain and inflammation but do not slow down RA. So if you have moderate to severe RA, you'll probably also need to take other drugs to prevent further joint damage.


Question: Are nutritional supplements used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Nutritional supplements: Keep in mind that even natural supplements can interact with medicines. So tell your doctor of all medicines and supplements you take. She can make sure they're OK for you. Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil have an anti-inflammatory effect in the body. Several studies have shown that fish oil supplements may help reduce morning stiffness with RA. Some studies show that borage seed oil along with anti-inflammatory painkillers can reduce RA symptoms. These studies show that in people with RA, joints were less tender and swollen after 6 weeks.


Question: Is physical and occupational therapy used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Physical and occupational therapy make a big difference to your daily life. They are a key part of any rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan. Physical therapists can give you an exercise plan, teach you how to use heat and ice, do therapeutic massage, and encourage and motivate you. Occupational therapists help you handle daily tasks -- like cooking or using your computer -- and show you easier ways to do those things. They can also check on whether any gadgets would help you.


Question: What is the typical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment usually includes medications, occupational or physical therapy, and regular exercise. Some people need surgery to correct joint damage. Early, aggressive treatment is key to good results. And with today's treatments, joint damage can be slowed or stopped in many cases.


Question: How can applying heat and cold help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Heat and cold: Ice packs can reduce joint swelling and inflammation. Heat compresses relax muscles and stimulate blood flow.


Question: When are biologics used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: When methotrexate or other DMARDS don't ease RA symptoms and inflammation, doctors may recommend a biologic. These are genetically engineered proteins. They block specific parts of the immune system that play a key role in inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. They may slow or stop RA.


Question: How can cognitive therapy help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Because one of the most trying aspects of rheumatoid arthritis is learning to live with pain, many doctors recommend pain management training. They may call it âcognitive therapy.â The goal is to improve your emotional and psychological well-being as you develop ways to relax, handle stress, and pace yourself. For instance, it may include activity scheduling, guided imagery, relaxation, distraction, and creative problem-solving.


Question: What are potential side effects of long-term steroid use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Potential side effects of long-term steroid use include high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and diabetes. But when used appropriately, steroids quickly improve pain and inflammation.


Question: What are some risks associated with using biologics to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Biologics include: Abatacept ( Orencia) Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Anakinra ( Kineret) Baricitinib ( Olumiant) Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Ereizi), a biosimilar to Enbrel Golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) Infliximab ( Remicade) Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade Rituximab ( Rituxan) Sarilumab ( Kevzara) Tocilizumab ( Actemra) Tofacitinib ( Xeljanz) Since biologics suppress the immune system, they raise the risk of infection. Severe infections have been reported with biologics.


Question: How are steroids used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: For severe RA or when RA symptoms flare, your doctor may recommend steroids to ease the pain and stiffness of affected joints. In most cases, they can be used temporarily to calm a symptom flare. But some people need to take steroids for a longer time to control pain and inflammation. You can get steroids as a shot directly into an inflamed joint or take them as a pill. These are not the type of steroids that bulk up your muscles. Potential side effects of long-term steroid use include high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and diabetes. But when used appropriately, steroids quickly improve pain and inflammation.


Question: How can exercise help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: When your joints are stiff and painful, exercise might be the last thing on your mind. Yet with RA, exercising regularly is one of the best things you can do. People who work out live longer, with or without rheumatoid arthritis. Regular exercise can cut down on RA pain. Your bones will be stronger. Thinning of the bones can be a problem with rheumatoid arthritis, especially if you need to take steroids. Stronger muscles help you move better. Your mood and energy level will benefit.


Question: Is exercise useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When your joints are stiff and painful, exercise might be the last thing on your mind. Yet with RA, exercising regularly is one of the best things you can do. People who work out live longer, with or without rheumatoid arthritis. Regular exercise can cut down on RA pain. Your bones will be stronger. Thinning of the bones can be a problem with rheumatoid arthritis, especially if you need to take steroids. Stronger muscles help you move better. Your mood and energy level will benefit.


Question: What are the main treatment goals of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The main treatment goals with rheumatoid arthritis are to control inflammation, relieve pain, and reduce disability associated with RA..


Question: Is acupuncture used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Acupuncture: Studies show that acupuncture curbs pain, may lower the need for painkillers, and is good for flexibility in affected joints.


Question: How can smoking affect your treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: If you smoke, make it a priority to quit. If you keep smoking, it may make your RA treatment less effective.


Question: How are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: â DMARDsâ stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. They help slow or stop RA from getting worse. Doctors usually first prescribe methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis. If that alone doesn't calm the inflammation, doctors may try or add a different type of DMARD. Other DMARDs include hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), leflunomide ( Arava) and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). In rheumatoid arthritis, an overactive immune system targets joints and other areas of the body. DMARDs curb the immune system, but they aren't selective in their targets. They can lead to infection and a wide variety of other side effects. DMARDs, particularly methotrexate, have made dramatic improvements in severe rheumatoid arthritis and can help save your joints.


Question: Are there side effects from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer: There are many prescription NSAIDs that your doctor will consider. All of them carry a warning about the increased risk of heart attack and stroke. NSAIDs can also raise blood pressure and can cause stomach irritation, ulcers, and bleeding. You and your doctor can weigh the benefits of NSAIDs against the potential risks. You may have to try a few different ones to find the one that's right for you.


Question: Is surgery necessary to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If joint pain and inflammation become unbearable or joints are severely damaged, some people need joint replacement surgery. The hips and knees, and sometimes the shoulders, are the most common joints that get replaced. Surgery can dramatically improve pain and mobility. Most people wait until after age 50, because artificial joints tend to wear down after 15 to 20 years. Some joints, such as the ankles, don't respond well to artificial replacement and do better with joint fusion, which is a different operation.


Question: Is cognitive therapy used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Because one of the most trying aspects of rheumatoid arthritis is learning to live with pain, many doctors recommend pain management training. They may call it âcognitive therapy.â The goal is to improve your emotional and psychological well-being as you develop ways to relax, handle stress, and pace yourself. For instance, it may include activity scheduling, guided imagery, relaxation, distraction, and creative problem-solving.


Question: What over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Over-the-counter NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen. Most people with RA need a prescription NSAID as they offer a higher dose with longer-lasting results and require fewer doses throughout the day.


Question: What does the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include?

Answer: And with today's treatments, joint damage can be slowed or stopped in many cases. If joint pain and inflammation become unbearable or joints are severely damaged, some people need joint replacement surgery. Physical and occupational therapy make a big difference to your daily life. They are a key part of any rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan.


Question: How can physical and occupational therapy help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Physical and occupational therapy make a big difference to your daily life. They are a key part of any rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan. They can also check on whether any gadgets would help you. This can help you handle pain.


Question: Are there natural treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are some complementary medicine treatments that might help your RA. It's a good idea to talk it over with your doctor. You'll still need to take your medicine and keep up with the other parts of your treatment plan. Nutritional supplements: Keep in mind that even natural supplements can interact with medicines.


Question: What are complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: It can cause: Dry eyes and dry mouth Rheumatoid nodules or lumps under your skin near the joints that usually don't hurt Shortness of breath and chest pain Tiredness, which sometimes, but not always, happens if you don't have enough red blood cells, a problem called anemia Weight loss Numbness and tingling in your hands Lupus can appear slowly or suddenly.


Question: Which exercises can help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms?

Answer: It can be mild or severe. Rest is better when you're in the middle of a flare. If you've had a lot of joint damage, your doctor may suggest surgery to replace a joint or to fuse joints together.


Question: How is lupus treated?

Answer: But lupus, the symptoms of which can vary widely from person to person, can affect many other parts of the body as well. NSAIDs may be the first thing you try if your joints are the main problem. Approved drugs for lupus include corticosteroids. These are powerful drugs and you should take the lowest dose needed for your symptoms. Your doctor likely will prescribe hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), an antimalarial drug. You doctor may also want you to try drugs used for RA, such as DMARDs like methotrexate.


Question: What is mandibular/maxillary advancement surgery?

Answer: The surgeon moves the jaw bone and face bones forward to make more room in the back of the throat. It's an intricate procedure that doctors only do for people who have severe sleep apnea and problems with their head or face.


Question: What are symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Answer: Symptoms in children may not be as obvious. They may include: Bedwetting Choking or drooling Sweating a lot at night Ribcage moves inward when they exhale Learning and behavior disorders Problems at school Sluggishness or sleepiness (often misinterpreted as laziness in the classroom) Snoring Teeth grinding Restlessness in bed Pauses or absence of breathing Unusual sleeping positions, such as sleeping on the hands and knees, or with the neck hyperextended Talk to your doctor if you notice any of these problems.


Question: Can surgery be used to treat obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer: Surgery is for people who have extra or misshapen tissue that blocks airflow through the nose or throat. For example, a person with a deviated nasal septum, enlarged tonsils and adenoids, or a small lower jaw that causes the throat to be too narrow might benefit from surgery. Doctors usually try other treatments first.


Question: How is obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed?

Answer: Other risk factors include: Smoking Diabetes High blood pressure Being at risk for heart failure or stroke Your doctor will give you a checkup and ask about your sleep. He may also want to ask people who live with you about your shut-eye habits. You may need to spend a night in a sleep lab or have a sleep study done at your house. You'll wear monitors to measure things such as: Air flow Blood oxygen levels Breathing patterns Electrical activity of the brain Eye movements Heart rate Muscle activity The study will track how many times your breathing was impaired during sleep.


Question: What are symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea in adults?

Answer: The most common obstructive sleep apnea warning signs include: Daytime sleepiness or fatigue Dry mouth or sore throat when you wake up Headaches in the morning Trouble concentrating, forgetfulness, depression, or irritability Night sweats Restlessness during sleep Problems with sex Snoring Waking up suddenly and feeling like you're gasping or choking Trouble getting up in the mornings If you share a bed with someone, they'll probably notice it before you do.


Question: What are oral devices for treating obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer: For some people with mild sleep apnea, dental appliances or oral "mandibular advancement" devices that prevent the tongue from blocking the throat or advance the lower jaw forward can be made.


Question: What is a somnoplasty?

Answer: Doctors use radiofrequency energy to tighten the soft palate at the back of the throat.


Question: What is an upper airway stimulator?

Answer: This device, called Inspire, has a small pulse generator that the surgeon places under the skin in your upper chest. A wire leading to the lung detects your natural breathing pattern. Another wire, leading up to the neck, delivers mild stimulation to nerves that control airway muscles, keeping them open. A doctor can program the device from an external remote. Also, people who have Inspire use a remote to turn it on before bed and turn it off when they wake up in the morning.


Question: What is a CPAP machine for treating obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer: This device includes a mask that you wear over your nose or mouth, or both. An air blower forces constant and continuous air through the nose or mouth.


Question: What is a UPPP, or UP3?

Answer: UPPP, or UP3, is a procedure that removes soft tissue in the back of the throat and palate, increasing the width of the airway at the throat opening. ( UPPP stands for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, if you were wondering.)


Question: Who gets obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer: It's more likely if you're overweight or obese, have a thick or large neck, or have smaller airways in your nose, throat, or mouth. The condition is more common among men than women, and it becomes more likely as you get older. Other risk factors include: Smoking Diabetes High blood pressure Being at risk for heart failure or stroke Your doctor will give you a checkup and ask about your sleep.


Question: Does diabetes put you at risk for heart disease?

Answer: Manage your diabetes. If not controlled, it can contribute to significant heart damage, including heart attacks and death. Control diabetes through a healthy diet, exercise, keeping a healthy weight, and medications prescribed by your doctor.


Question: What's the link between smoking, secondhand smoke, and heart disease?

Answer: Smokers have more than twice the chance of having a heart attack as nonsmokers. If you smoke, quit. Nonsmokers who are exposed to constant smoke (like those who live with a spouse who smokes) also have increased risk. Eliminating exposure to smoke is important.


Question: What are the risks of buying  ED drugs without a prescription  online?

Answer: The ED drugs and herbal remedies you buy on the internet aren't always what they seem. An FDA investigation found that more than one-third of "dietary supplements" sold for ED actually contained prescription drugs, including sildenafil, the medicine in Viagra. Some ED drugs sold online contained entirely different medicines, such as the antibiotic metronidazole and the fertility drug clomiphene. Even if a drug contains the right medicine, it may not be the right dose. When samples of 100-milligram Viagra tablets purchased online were tested, only 10% were even close to the advertised strength. When you buy from an unknown company, you run the risk of getting counterfeit medicines. By some estimates, more than half of all ED drugs sold online are fakes. Some of these drugs include ingredients you wouldn't want to put in your body -- things like talcum powder, paint, and printer ink.


Question: What are health concerns associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) medication bought without a prescription online?

Answer: Among them are: 4 EVERON Actra- Rx Actra- Sx Adam Free Blue Steel Energy Max Erextra Hero HS Joy of Love Lady Shangai Libidus Liviro3 Lycium Barbarum L. Nasutra NaturalÃ« Super Plus Natural Up Neophase Rhino V Max Shangai Regular, also marketed as Shangai Chaojimengnan Shangai Ultra Shangai Ultra X Strong Testis Super Shangai True Man V. Max Vigor-25 Xiadafil VIP tablets ( Lots 6 K029 and 6 K209- SEI only) Yilishen Zimaxx Erectile dysfunction drugs that are approved by the FDA work by increasing blood flow to the penis. Just like any other medicine, these drugs can have side effects. If you purchase them online -- without a prescription -- you won't get a chance to discuss this with your doctor before you take them. ED drugs can also be dangerous if you have certain conditions, like heart disease. They can interact with other medicines you take, such as blood thinners and some alpha blockers, which are used to treat high blood pressure and prostate conditions. If you buy an "herbal remedy" online that turns out to contain ingredients from real ED drugs, you could also put your health at risk.


Question: What are tips for safely buying  ED medication online?

Answer: The ED drugs and herbal remedies you buy on the internet aren't always what they seem. It just takes a little bit of work to find them. Here's what to look for when you buy ED drugs online: A licensed pharmacy with an address in the U. S. ( Check with your state board of pharmacy or the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy.) A pharmacy that asks for a prescription from your doctor Drugs that are approved by the FDA Containers that are clearly labeled with the name of the drug and the dose A licensed pharmacist who is available to answer your questions Phone number to call if you have questions or problems Clearly stated privacy policy that protects your credit card number and other personal information


Question: What are some ED products the FDA has released warnings about?

Answer: Among them are: 4 EVERON Actra- Rx Actra- Sx Adam Free Blue Steel Energy Max Erextra Hero HS Joy of Love Lady Shangai Libidus Liviro3 Lycium Barbarum L. Nasutra NaturalÃ« Super Plus Natural Up Neophase Rhino V Max Shangai Regular, also marketed as Shangai Chaojimengnan Shangai Ultra Shangai Ultra X Strong Testis Super Shangai True Man V. Max Vigor-25 Xiadafil VIP tablets ( Lots 6 K029 and 6 K209- SEI only) Yilishen Zimaxx Erectile dysfunction drugs that are approved by the FDA work by increasing blood flow to the penis. A pharmacy that asks for a prescription from your doctor Drugs that are approved by the FDA Containers that are clearly labeled with the name of the drug and the dose A licensed pharmacist who is available to answer your questions Phone number to call if you have questions or problems Clearly stated privacy policy that protects your credit card number and other personal information


Question: What causes acrocyanosis?

Answer: Acrocyanosis is caused by narrowing (constriction) of small arterioles (tiny arteries) toward the end of the arms and legs.


Question: Is herpetic eye disease painful?

Answer: Unfortunately, herpetic eye disease can be painful even after several days of treatment and even when the eye is starting to look better. This can be discouraging, but it does not mean that the treatment is a failure. The medications are working, and the pain will go away eventually.


Question: When might eye drops be recommended for herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer: If the infection is affecting the cornea, eye drops called corticosteroids might also be recommended. Corticosteroids will help control the disease, but they can also raise the pressure in the eyes of some people. If corticosteroids are being used, it is important for the patient to come back to the doctor's office so the pressure can be checked. Another type of eye drop might also be prescribed to keep the pupil dilated. This will help the eye's natural fluids flow, which prevents the pressure from increasing.


Question: What are symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer: The problem is likely to be herpes zoster ophthalmicus if your doctor finds some or all of these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye Headache and fever Redness, rash, or sores on the eyelids and around the eyes, especially on the forehead A rash on the tip of the nose Redness of the eye Blurry vision Swelling and cloudiness of the cornea The problem is likely to be herpes simplex keratitis if your doctor sees these symptoms: Pain in and around only one eye Redness of the eye Feeling of dirt or "grit" in the eye Overflowing tears Pain when looking at bright light Swelling or cloudiness of the cornea Your doctor might want to use special tests if it looks like herpetic eye disease might be present.


Question: How is herpes simplex keratitis treated?

Answer: Because herpes is a virus, antibiotics such as penicillin are not an effective treatment. The only drugs that will work against herpes infections are antiviral medications. Your doctor will likely recommend antiviral pills to quicken healing and decrease the severity of the condition. It is important to keep using the medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Even though the eye might start to look or feel better, the infection could come back if you stop taking your medicine too soon.


Question: How does herpetic eye disease happen?

Answer: The other virus that causes herpetic eye disease is called herpes simplex type 1. Like many viruses, the herpes simplex 1 and varicella-zoster viruses are present in most adults. Occasionally, the viruses will start to multiply, or they will move from one area of the body to another, and that is when herpetic disease breaks out. This often happens when the immune system of the body is weakened by some other health problem.


Question: Does keeping a health journal help with maintaining weight loss?

Answer: Be honest and accurate; otherwise, the journal is not as helpful. The journal will help you see when you're reaching for higher-calorie foods, so you can make adjustments. You can also record when you exercise (and how long). Notice any trends -- for example, if you're gaining weight because you're eating the same but stopped exercising. Stay committed to a healthy diet.


Question: Is weighing yourself bad if you are trying to maintain weight loss?

Answer: Weigh yourself daily. A daily weigh-in may seem like overkill, but research shows the method is more effective than getting on the scales less frequently.


Question: Does being active help maintain weight loss?

Answer: You still want to exercise most days of the week. Physical activity is one of the most important aspects of keeping weight off, so make sure you're building it into your daily routine.


Question: Is skipping meals bad if you are trying to maintain weight loss?

Answer: Use these five tips to help you stay on track: Don't skip meals. Skipping meals can slow your metabolism down. Skipping meals can also cause overeating later in the day.


Question: Does staying committed to a healthy diet help maintain weight loss?

Answer: To ensure you're sticking to your healthy goals, write down everything you eat or drink. Include choices from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean protein sources.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: She may suggest you start with over-the-counter medicines like: Antacids, which neutralize acid in your stomach H2 blockers, which keep your body from making as much acid Proton-pump inhibitors, which can reduce the amount of acid your body makes Sometimes, though, you need prescription medication to get GERD symptoms under control.


Question: How does acid reflux make your asthma symptoms worse?

Answer: There are two ways acid reflux can trigger asthma or make symptoms worse: Acid touches the nerves in your esophagus. This sets off a chain reaction. The nerves tell your brain to tell your airways to protect themselves from the acid. Your airways narrow to keep the acid out, and asthma symptoms start. Stomach acid gets into your lungs directly. The acid irritates your airways, which makes you wheeze, cough, and feel tightness in your chest.


Question: What happens inside my body when I get heartburn?

Answer: The faulty opening lets acid in your stomach get into the esophagus. You may hear your doctor call this "acid reflux." Prednisone and albuterol may affect the muscles that control the opening between your esophagus and your stomach.


Question: How do you break the cycle of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and asthma symptoms?

Answer: There are two ways acid reflux can trigger asthma or make symptoms worse: Acid touches the nerves in your esophagus. If GERD makes asthma symptoms worse, and asthma medication makes GERD worse, how do you break the cycle?


Question: Can asthma drugs raise the chances of getting acid reflux?

Answer: You get heartburn when an opening between your stomach and your esophagus doesn't work the way it should. You may hear your doctor call this "acid reflux." This keeps track of the amount of acid in your esophagus.


Question: Is there a link between asthma and heartburn?

Answer: And if you have frequent heartburn, it can trigger asthma symptoms or make them worse. Doctors aren't exactly sure why the conditions go together so closely, but they do know the link involves stomach acid and your airways. There are two ways acid reflux can trigger asthma or make symptoms worse: Acid touches the nerves in your esophagus.


Question: Are sleep problems during pregnancy normal?

Answer: According to the National Sleep Foundation, the following are the most common sleep changes that may occur in each trimester: Frequent waking due to an increased need to go to the bathroom Disruptions in sleep as a result of physical and emotional stress associated with pregnancy Increased daytime sleepiness Sleep during the second trimester of pregnancy improves for many women, because nighttime urination becomes less of an issue as the growing fetus reduces pressure on the bladder by moving above it. Still, the quality of sleep may remain poor as a result of the growing baby and emotional stress associated with pregnancy.


Question: Can I take sleeping pills when I'm pregnant?

Answer: Prescription and over-the-counter medications: Ideally, all medications (including over-the-counter medications) should be avoided during pregnancy. Some drugs can hurt the developing baby. However, there are some medications that are considered safe to take during pregnancy and that might help you sleep better. Always talk to your doctor before taking any kinds of drugs. This includes over-the-counter drugs, herbs and dietary supplements.


Question: What is rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: Rotator cuff impingement is most common in older adults and athletes, but 20% of all people will get it at some point in their lives. This shoulder problem can often be treated at home, but in severe cases you may need surgery.


Question: What is the surgery and recovery process like for rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: The surgery often is done on an outpatient basis, meaning you shouldn't have to spend the night in a hospital. Afterward, your arm will need to be in a sling or splint. While recovery is different for everyone, it may take 3 to 4 months before your arm fully heals. During that time you'll need to do daily exercises to rebuild your strength. Because healing can take a while, talk to your doctor about whether surgery is the best option for you.


Question: Can rest and pain relievers help treat rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: Most people are able to easily treat themselves at home by: Rest. You'll need to stop all physical activity that puts stress on your shoulder or causes you pain. This may include things you do at your job. Pain relievers. Over-the-counter NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen can ease your pain.


Question: How is rotator cuff impingement diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms. Then she'll have you move your shoulder in different ways to test your strength and range of motion. Because many other conditions share the same symptoms as impingement, your doctor will likely do an imaging test to see what's happening inside your shoulder. This may include an X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI.


Question: Can icing, physical therapy, and injections help treat rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: You could also massage the area with an ice cube for 10 minutes at a time. Your therapist can teach you exercises help strengthen the muscles of your shoulder. They'll also improve your strength and range of motion. A shot of numbing medicine and steroids in your shoulder joint can reduce soreness and swelling. Most people who follow these steps see their shoulder pain improve in 3 to 6 months.


Question: What are the causes of rotator cuff impingement?

Answer: Rotator cuff impingement is most common in older adults and athletes, but 20% of all people will get it at some point in their lives. But if you're over 50, it's probably due to general wear and tear on your shoulder over the years. And the injury is more likely to go beyond a âpinchedâ tendon, and could end up as a partial or complete tear. Sometimes, an injury, like falling, can also cause an impingement. Most people are able to easily treat themselves at home by: Rest.


Question: When is surgery needed for rotator cuff impingement and what is the most common surgery?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms. This may also be needed if one of your tendons is torn and can't heal on its own. The most common surgery to fix a rotator cuff impingement is called a subacromial decompression ( SAD). Your surgeon will remove any swollen tissue in your shoulder and bony growths that have occurred. This helps with healing and creates more room in your shoulder so your tendon isn't pinched any longer.


Question: How is a hydrocele treated?

Answer: If a hydrocele is very large or causing pain, surgery can usually correct it. Injecting a special material through the scrotal wall can sometimes fix hydroceles without surgery.


Question: How is testicular cancer treated?

Answer: Cancer that has not spread from the testicle can be cured by orchiectomy, a surgery to remove the testicle. If it has spread outside the testicle testicular cancer treatments may include surgery to remove the abdominal lymph nodes, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of the three.


Question: What is orchitis?

Answer: Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles caused by infection or the mumps. It can also be caused by STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia.


Question: What can I do to prevent testicular disease?

Answer: There is no proven way to prevent testicular cancer. This is why early detection is so important. Experts recommend that all young men perform a testicular self-exam monthly.


Question: What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Answer: The term inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) covers a group of disorders in which the intestines become inflamed (red and swollen), probably as a result of an immune reaction of the body against its own intestinal tissue.


Question: What is inattentive type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, predominantly inattentive type: People with this type have inattention but not hyperactive or impulsive behavior. This type of ADHD was formerly known as attention deficit disorder ( ADD).


Question: What is combined type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, combined type: The most common type of the disorder. People with this type of ADHD have inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.


Question: What is hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?

Answer: ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type: With this type, people have both hyperactive and impulsive behavior, but they may not show enough symptoms of inattention to fall into the combined type.


Question: What is executive function deficit?

Answer: Executive function deficit: Executive function is a set of mental skills that make sure things get done. Someone with an executive function deficit has a hard time planning or starting tasks and seeing them through. People with ADHD often have this deficit.


Question: What are non-stimulants?

Answer: Nonstimulants: This type of medication is sometimes used to treat symptoms of ADHD. They work by decreasing impulsive behavior or improving attention span.


Question: What does the term "neural" mean ?

Answer: Neural: Related to the nervous system.


Question: What are psychostimulants or stimulants?

Answer: Psychostimulants or Stimulants: These medicines are often prescribed for people with ADHD. They affect dopamine activity in the brain and can help them focus their thoughts and ignore distractions.


Question: What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer: Neurotransmitter: A chemical in the brain that acts as a messenger to help transmit nerve impulses between brain cells.


Question: What do you need to know about scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish poisoning?

Answer: Scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish are all poisonous fish that live in tropical and temperate oceans, especially the Red Sea and Indian and Pacific Oceans. They have erectile spines on their dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins. Because these fish are not aggressive, contact with them and the poisonings that result are usually accidental. Contact with ornate lionfish causes mild poisoning. Contact with camouflaged scorpionfish causes moderate-to-severe poisoning. The motionless stonefish, when contacted, causes severe -to -life-threatening poisoning.


Question: What is the treatment for scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish poisoning?

Answer: Contact with ornate lionfish causes mild poisoning. Immerse the wound for 30-90 minutes in water as hot as the poisoned person can tolerate. Repeat as necessary to control pain. Then flush the affected area with fresh water. Do not apply tape to close the wound.


Question: What medical treatment can my doctor suggest if my heart races too often?

Answer: The normal heart averages between 60 and 100 beats per minute. When your heart beats faster than this, you have a condition called tachycardia. When your heart races, it's working too hard. It doesn't have enough time to fill with blood or pump it to the rest of your body.


Question: What is irregular heartbeat?

Answer: In fact, when your heart doesn't beat normally, its electrical system is likely out of step. When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. Your heart can't pump blood through your body well, and that can cause damage to your lungs, brain, and other organs.


Question: What causes slow heart beat?

Answer: The normal heart averages between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Sometimes our hearts beat slower than 60 beats per minute. This is called bradycardia. For some people, like athletes and healthy, young adults, this heart rate could be normal. But for others, it could be a sign that your brain and other organs aren't getting enough oxygen to function like they should. Bradycardia is caused by a problem with your heart's electrical system. Your heart simply isn't getting the signal to beat properly. This can happen for some or all of the following reasons: Damage to heart tissue from age or heart attack High blood pressure Congenital heart problems, which are present from birth An underactive thyroid Sleep disorders Inflammatory disorders, such as lupus Medications for heart problems, high blood pressure, or mental illness There are really no home treatments for a slow heartbeat.


Question: What can I do to get my heartbeat back to normal if I have heart palpitations?

Answer: When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. But to head them off, you can try simple lifestyle changes, like avoiding caffeine, getting enough sleep, and kicking the habit if you smoke. If you think you're having an attack, try these to get your heartbeat back to normal: Breathe deeply. It will help you relax until your palpitations pass. Splash your face with cold water. It stimulates a nerve that controls your heart rate. Exercise. Sometimes, a vigorous workout can stop heart palpitations. Don't panic. Stress and anxiety will make your palpitations worse.


Question: What causes my heart palpitations?

Answer: When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. If your heart's ever skipped a beat, you've had what are called heart palpitations. Heart palpitations can happen for no reason. Other times, they're brought on by certain triggers, including some of the following: Stress and anxiety Panic attacks Smoking and nicotine Low blood sugar Low potassium Fever Certain recreational drugs or medications Dietary supplements like ginseng and ephedra Exercise Too much caffeine You can't always prepare for heart palpitations.


Question: What are symptoms of an irregular heartbeat that needs immediate medical attention?

Answer: When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. Or, you simply might not feel well. If you're short of breath, dizzy, have chest pains, or faint, talk to your doctor right away. These could be signs of serious heart disease.


Question: When should I get medical attention if my heart races, slows down or skips a beat?

Answer: The normal heart averages between 60 and 100 beats per minute. When your heart beats faster than this, you have a condition called tachycardia. Seek medical help right away or call 911 if you faint, have a hard time breathing, or have chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes.


Question: Why does my heart skip a beat?

Answer: When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. If your heart's ever skipped a beat, you've had what are called heart palpitations. Or, you simply might not feel well. Think of a palpitation as a âhiccupâ for your heart. It beats on schedule, and then hiccup! A brief pause, and you're back to normal. Until it happens again. Luckily, for most people, these hiccups happen only once in a while. But other people can have dozens of uncomfortable palpitations each day. Some can be so strong they feel like a heart attack. You might have heart palpitations or chest pain.


Question: When should I get medical attention if I have a slow heartbeat?

Answer: The normal heart averages between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Sometimes our hearts beat slower than 60 beats per minute. This is called bradycardia. Your heart simply isn't getting the signal to beat properly. Seek medical help right away or call 911 if you faint, have a hard time breathing, or have chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes.


Question: Why does my heart race?

Answer: When your heart beats too fast, too slow, or skips irregularly, it is called arrhythmia. The normal heart averages between 60 and 100 beats per minute. When your heart beats faster than this, you have a condition called tachycardia. When your heart races, it's working too hard. It doesn't have enough time to fill with blood or pump it to the rest of your body. You might have heart palpitations or chest pain. You may also feel dizzy or faint. If you have heart disease or some types of lung disease, your chances of having tachycardia could be higher than normal. If you were born with an abnormal heart structure, this is called a congenital heart defect, and it might increase your odds as well. Other factors, like fever, dehydration, or drinking too much caffeine, can also make your heart race.


Question: How often should you get sigmoidoscopies to check for polyps?

Answer: If sigmoidoscopies are your choice to check for polyps, the American Cancer Society recommends you get them every 5 years.


Question: What is a FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test)?

Answer: Just like the FOBT, this test looks for tiny amounts of blood in your bowel movement. It looks for proteins in blood called antibodies. To take this exam, you'll also need to collect a sample of your bowel movement at home. Then you'll return it to your doctor's office or a lab to be tested. If you choose FIT as your screening method, you need to get it once a year. If the exam shows a problem, your doctor will likely ask you to get a colonoscopy to check some more.


Question: What is a stool DNA test?

Answer: This newer test looks for gene changes in colon cancer cells or polyps. As with FIT and the FOBT, you collect a sample of your bowel movement at home and then send it to a lab for DNA tests. If a stool DNA test is the method you use to check for colon cancer, you should get it done every 3 years. If the results show anything amiss, you'll need a colonoscopy to check for and remove polyps.


Question: What is a FOBT (Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test)?

Answer: Your doctor places a thin, bendable tube through your anus and into your colon and rectum -- the lower part of your large intestine. An FOBT looks for tiny traces of this blood. Your doctor will give you a kit to collect a sample of your bowel movement at home. You'll place it onto a special card. Then you'll bring it back to your doctor's office or send it to a lab. The card is covered with a chemical called guaiac, which changes color if there's blood.


Question: What is a double-contrast barium enema?

Answer: Your doctor places a thin, bendable tube through your anus and into your colon and rectum -- the lower part of your large intestine. The tube has a camera at one end so your doctor can see any polyps there, plus tiny instruments to remove them. You don't need to do as much bowel prep for a sigmoidoscopy. If a stool DNA test is the method you use to check for colon cancer, you should get it done every 3 years.


Question: What happens if your doctor finds colon polyps during a colonoscopy?

Answer: If he finds any polyps, he'll send them to a lab to check for signs of cancer. If you choose a colonoscopy as your screening test, the American Cancer Society suggests you get one every 10 years, but your doctor may ask you to come back earlier if he finds polyps. Unlike a colonoscopy, you're awake while it's going on, but your doctor may suggest you take medicine that helps you relax.


Question: How can you avoid colorectal cancer?

Answer: You can't see them or feel them, but they're definitely something you need to pay attention to. You've got several choices. Which one you get -- and how often -- depends on your age and what kind of risk you've got for colorectal cancer. Experts say you should get your first test at age 45, but if you've got a family history of the condition, you may need to start earlier. Check with your doctor about what's right for you. You'll keep cancer away or catch it early, when it's easier to treat.


Question: Who is at risk for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer: If the dangerous gas is getting into your system, you might: Feel short of breath Get dizzy Become nauseous Get a headache Feel confused Carbon monoxide is especially dangerous for infants, pregnant women, and people with ailments such as emphysema (which damages the air sacs in your lungs), asthma or heart disease. Smaller amounts of the fumes can hurt them.


Question: What are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer: If the dangerous gas is getting into your system, you might: Feel short of breath Get dizzy Become nauseous Get a headache Feel confused Carbon monoxide is especially dangerous for infants, pregnant women, and people with ailments such as emphysema (which damages the air sacs in your lungs), asthma or heart disease.


Question: What are danger signals of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer: A few danger signals: Soot falling from fireplaces or appliances. Rust or water streaks on vents. Loose or disconnected vent pipes. Moisture inside windows. Cracked or crumbling masonry on a chimney. If you see any of these, have a trained technician check them out and fix whatever needs it.


Question: How can you avoid danger from carbon monoxide?

Answer: Here are more tips: Maintenance: Have a qualified technician inspect your heating system, water heater and any other fuel-burning appliances every year. Emergency generators: Don't use them in your garage or basement. Charcoal grills and portable camp stoves: Use them only outdoors. Space heaters: Use them only when someone is awake to keep an eye on them; make sure there is some airflow in and out of the room. Don't try to use a gas oven for heat. Vehicles: Have your car or truck's exhaust system checked each year. If you have a boat or motor home, detectors are also available for there.