Question: What do I do if I get hit in the eye?

Answer: You get hit in the eye: For a minor injury, gently hold a cold pack to the injured eye and call your eye doctor. If your eye is bleeding or you notice a change in your vision or pain when you move your eyes, call the doctor right away or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: What do I do if something is irritating my eye?

Answer: Eye irritants: Wash your eye right away. Use cool tap water or saline solution, the same stuff you use to clean your contacts. Blink your eye again and again to helps your tears flow.


Question: Do people hurt their eyes in the kitchen?

Answer: Almost half come from everyday activities like cooking. Accidents happen.


Question: How do you prevent exposure to eye irritants in the kitchen?

Answer: Accidents happen. You can lower the chances for injury if you know how to respond quickly to these eye emergences. Blink your eye again and again to helps your tears flow. Caustic chemicals: Wash your eye with cool tap water or saline solution. If you think a strong and harmful chemical such as drain or oven cleaner has splashed into your eye, it is helpful to position yourself under the shower with someone helping you to keep your eyelids open.


Question: How do safety glasses prevent eye injuries in the kitchen?

Answer: You can take simple steps to protect your eyes when you're in the kitchen: Keep safety glasses handy. They aren't just for folks who use power tools. There's a place for them in the kitchen, too. They can shield your eyes while you clean the oven with caustic chemicals or when you pour drain cleaners into the sink. They can also keep food irritants, like hot pepper oil, out of your eyes. Look for products approved by the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI). Accidents happen.


Question: How does washing your hands often prevent eye injuries in the kitchen?

Answer: Wash your hands often. If you touch your eyes after you chop foods like onions or hot peppers, you'll put the hot stuff right into your eye. It's the same stuff used to make pepper spray. To keep it out of your eyes, wash your hands with soapy water. Don't forget to clean the chopping board, too. If your eye is bleeding or you notice a change in your vision or pain when you move your eyes, call the doctor right away or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: Will washing my hands protect my eyes in the kitchen?

Answer: There's a place for them in the kitchen, too. Wash your hands often. If you touch your eyes after you chop foods like onions or hot peppers, you'll put the hot stuff right into your eye. That'll cause pain, redness, and maybe even tears.


Question: What are symptoms of depression in someone who also has psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: You may be sad often and also feel: A lack of interest in things you used to enjoy Guilty or worthless Hopeless or down about life More or less hungry than usual Persistent aches and pains Restless Tired or like you have low energy These are just some of the most common symptoms. Thoughts of death or suicide are major red flags. Call your doctor if you're having these thoughts. Call 9-1-1 or a suicide prevention hotline or go to the ER right away if you're in crisis or are about to act on them.


Question: What do I need to know about depression and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)?

Answer: In fact, depression often goes hand in hand with this disease. Most people who have Ps A also have psoriasis. So be sure to tell your doctor about your emotional symptoms as well as your physical ones.


Question: How much protein do I need?

Answer: Exactly how much you need changes with age: Babies need about 10 grams a day. School-age kids need 19-34 grams a day. Teenage boys need up to 52 grams a day. Teenage girls need 46 grams a day. Adult men need about 56 grams a day. Adult women need about 46 grams a day (71 grams, if pregnant or breastfeeding) You should get at least 10% of your daily calories, but not more than 35%, from protein, according to the Institute of Medicine.


Question: How can protein help you maintain a healthy weight?

Answer: Most nutritionists agree the best approach is to choose from a variety of protein sources. If you're watching your weight, try including protein with every meal. It will help you feel full longer. Spreading protein evenly across your meals is also good for your muscles, which is especially important as you get older and start to lose muscle mass.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma?

Answer: Bronchial asthma triggers may include: Smoking and secondhand smoke Infections such as colds, flu, or pneumonia Allergens such as food, pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander Exercise Air pollution and toxins Weather, especially extreme changes in temperature Drugs (such as aspirin, NSAIDs, and beta-blockers) Food additives (such as MSG) Emotional stress and anxiety Singing, laughing, or crying Perfumes and fragrances Acid reflux With bronchial asthma, you may have one or more of the following signs and symptoms: Shortness of breath Tightness of chest Wheezing Excessive coughing or a cough that keeps you awake at night Because asthma symptoms don't always happen during your doctor's appointment, it's important for you to describe your, or your child's, asthma signs and symptoms to your health care provider.


Question: What is bronchial asthma?

Answer: These cells, along with other inflammatory cells, are involved in the development of airway inflammation in asthma that contributes to the airway hyperresponsiveness, airflow limitation, respiratory symptoms, and chronic disease.


Question: How common is bronchial asthma?

Answer: According to the CDC, more than 25 million Americans, including 6.8 million children under age 18, suffer with asthma today.


Question: What is associated with bronchial asthma?

Answer: Mast cells are the allergy-causing cells that release chemicals like histamine. Histamine is the substance that causes nasal stuffiness and dripping in a cold or hay fever, constriction of airways in asthma, and itchy areas in a skin allergy. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell associated with allergic disease. T lymphocytes are also white blood cells associated with allergy and inflammation. These cells, along with other inflammatory cells, are involved in the development of airway inflammation in asthma that contributes to the airway hyperresponsiveness, airflow limitation, respiratory symptoms, and chronic disease. In certain individuals, the inflammation results in the feelings of chest tightness and breathlessness that's felt often at night (nocturnal asthma) or in the early morning hours. Others only feel symptoms when they exercise (called exercise-induced asthma). Because of the inflammation, the airway hyperresponsiveness occurs as a result of specific triggers.


Question: How is bronchial asthma treated?

Answer: Bronchial asthma triggers may include: Smoking and secondhand smoke Infections such as colds, flu, or pneumonia Allergens such as food, pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander Exercise Air pollution and toxins Weather, especially extreme changes in temperature Drugs (such as aspirin, NSAIDs, and beta-blockers) Food additives (such as MSG) Emotional stress and anxiety Singing, laughing, or crying Perfumes and fragrances Acid reflux With bronchial asthma, you may have one or more of the following signs and symptoms: Shortness of breath Tightness of chest Wheezing Excessive coughing or a cough that keeps you awake at night Because asthma symptoms don't always happen during your doctor's appointment, it's important for you to describe your, or your child's, asthma signs and symptoms to your health care provider. For example, long-acting anti-inflammatory asthma inhalers are often necessary to treat the inflammation associated with asthma. These inhalers deliver low doses of steroids to the lungs with minimal side effects if used properly. The fast-acting or "rescue" bronchodilator inhaler works immediately on opening airways during an asthma attack. If you have bronchial asthma, make sure your health care provider shows you how to use the inhalers properly. Be sure to keep your rescue inhaler with you in case of an asthma attack or asthma emergency. While there is no asthma cure yet, there are excellent asthma medications that can help with preventing asthma symptoms. Asthma support groups are also available to help you better cope with your asthma.


Question: What happens during your baby boy's circumcision?

Answer: If the procedure happens when your son is a newborn, he'll be awake during his circumcision. It most likely will happen in the hospital. He'll be placed on his back, with Velcro bands or other restraints used to keep his arms and legs still. The doctor will clean the penis area with antiseptic, then inject an anesthetic to the base of the penis to ease the pain. Sometimes doctors apply the pain reliever as a cream instead. Your doctor will also recommend swaddling him after the procedure by wrapping him up tightly with a blanket or having him suck on a pacifier dipped in sugar water. Your baby also may be given acetaminophen for pain. Three different kinds of clamps or plastic rings are used for circumcision: the Gomco clamp, the Plastibell device, and the Mogen clamp. But the procedure is similar for all. The clamp or ring is attached to the penis and the doctor clips off excess foreskin. The ring stays on and will fall off later. The doctor then applies an ointment like petroleum jelly to the penis and wraps it in gauze. It's usually over in about 10 minutes. If it's done in the hospital, your baby should be ready to go home in a few hours.


Question: When should you call a doctor about you baby boy's circumcision?

Answer: Most of the time, babies recover from circumcision without problems. Only about 1% have complications. Contact your doctor if: Your baby doesn't pee within 12 hours of the circumcision. You see blood on his diaper larger than the size of a quarter. Redness or swelling around his penis gets worse, not better. You see signs of infection, like pus. Foul smelling, cloudy drainage comes from the tip of his penis. The plastic ring used during circumcision hasn't fallen off after 2 weeks.


Question: How do you prepare for you baby boy's circumcision?

Answer: If you want to circumcise your baby, talk it over with the doctor who will do the procedure. That can be a pediatrician, family doctor, urologist, neonatologist, or even a pediatric surgeon. While most babies can be circumcised within 2 days after birth, you may need to wait if your baby is premature, born with a problem to his penis, or has bleeding problems or his family has a history of them. Your doctor will explain the risks and benefits of the surgery. This is your chance to ask any questions you have about the procedure. Once you're satisfied, you'll sign an informed consent form giving your permission for the surgery.


Question: What should you expect after your baby boy's circumcision?

Answer: After his circumcision, your baby may be fussy and irritable. Hold him carefully so you don't put pressure on his penis. The tip may be sore, and the penis itself may look red and swollen. You may see a yellow crust on the tip as well. This is normal and should go away on its own in a few days. It will take a week to 10 days for your son's penis to heal completely. It's fine to wash his penis as it heals. You should change his bandage with each diaper change, applying a dab of petroleum jelly first so it doesn't stick to his diaper. If stool gets on his penis, gently wipe it away with warm, soapy water. To ward off infection, change his diaper often and fasten it loosely.


Question: What is circumcision?

Answer: It's a relatively common surgical procedure where your baby's foreskin -- the hood of skin that covers the head of his penis -- is removed. The foreskin of the penis covers the glans, or head, of the penis. The practice of circumcision dates back to ancient Egypt. It was believed to help males keep the area clean. While that's true, circumcisions today are done mainly for religious or cultural reasons. In the U. S., about 55% of newborns are circumcised shortly after birth. Others have the surgery later, but some never have it.


Question: What should you expect in your baby boy's circumcision?

Answer: It's a relatively common surgical procedure where your baby's foreskin -- the hood of skin that covers the head of his penis -- is removed. If a baby is going to have the surgery, it's usually done before he leaves the hospital, 2 or 3 days after birth. If you're considering it, here's what you need to know. This is your chance to ask any questions you have about the procedure.


Question: How are osteoporosis and hormone therapy for prostate cancer related?

Answer: Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Brittle bones can be a side effect of hormone therapy treatment for prostate cancer.


Question: Which medications can be affected by grapefruit juice?

Answer: Antihistamines: fexofenadine ( Allegra) Some type of calcium channel blockers (blood pressure drugs): felodipine ( Plendil), nifedipine ( Adalat, Procardia) Certain psychiatric drugs: buspirone ( Bu Spar), triazolam ( Halcion), carbamazepine ( Tegretol), diazepam ( Valium), midazolam ( Versed), sertraline ( Zoloft) Some immunosuppressants: cyclosporine ( Neoral), tacrolimus ( Prograf) Certain pain medications: methadone The impotence drug (erectile dysfunction): sildenafil ( Viagra) Some HIV medication: saquinavir ( Invirase) Some antiarrhythmics: amiodarone ( Cordarone, Pacerone) There are alternatives to many of these drugs.


Question: Why should adults get the hepatitis B vaccine?

Answer: Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for adults seeking protection from hepatitis B exposure. Any adult working in high-risk environments like STD clinics or drug rehab centers, should be vaccinated for Hepatitis B. Health care workers, public safety workers, household contacts, and sexual partners of persons with chronic hepatitis B should also receive the hepatitis B vaccine.


Question: What adults should get the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer: Other significant changes include: The ACIP now suggests that adults without evidence of prior immunity to chickenpox receive the varicella vaccine. Special consideration should be given to: Those at high risk for infection or transmission, such as health care workers and teachers. Those who are in close contact with people at high risk of infection. Family and others who come in contact with people with compromised immune systems.


Question: What effect does a hysterectomy have on female dysfunction?

Answer: Many women experience changes in sexual function after a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). These changes may include a loss of desire, and decreased vaginal lubrication and genital sensation. These problems may be associated with the hormonal changes that occur with the loss of the uterus. Furthermore, nerves and blood vessels critical to sexual function can be damaged during the surgery.


Question: How does menopause affect female sexual dysfunction?

Answer: The loss of estrogen following menopause can lead to changes in a woman's sexual functioning. Emotional changes that often accompany menopause can add to a woman's loss of interest in sex and/or ability to become aroused. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) or vaginal lubricants may improve certain conditions, such as loss of vaginal lubrication and genital sensation, which can create problems with sexual function in women. Also, an oral drug taken once a day, ospemifene ( Osphena), makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile. It should be noted that some postmenopausal women report an increase in sexual satisfaction. This may be due to decreased anxiety over getting pregnant. In addition, postmenopausal woman often have fewer child-rearing responsibilities, allowing them to relax and enjoy intimacy with their partners.


Question: How does sexual dysfunction affect women?

Answer: This involves a lack of sexual desire or interest in sex. Many factors can contribute to a lack of desire, including hormonal changes, medical conditions and treatments (for example, cancer and chemotherapy), depression, pregnancy, stress, and fatigue. Boredom with regular sexual routines also may contribute to a lack of enthusiasm for sex, as can lifestyle factors, such as careers and the care of children. Inability to become aroused. For women, the inability to become physically aroused during sexual activity often involves insufficient vaginal lubrication. This inability also may be related to anxiety or inadequate stimulation. In addition, researchers are investigating how blood flow problems affecting the vagina and clitoris may contribute to arousal problems. Lack of orgasm (anorgasmia). This is the absence of sexual climax (orgasm). It can be caused by a woman's sexual inhibition, inexperience, lack of knowledge, and psychological factors such as guilt, anxiety, or a past sexual trauma or abuse. Other factors contributing to anorgasmia include insufficient stimulation, certain medications, and chronic diseases. Painful intercourse. Pain during intercourse can be caused by a number of problems, including endometriosis, a pelvic mass, ovarian cysts, vaginitis, poor lubrication, the presence of scar tissue from surgery, or a sexually transmitted disease. A condition called vaginismus is a painful, involuntary spasm of the muscles that surround the vaginal entrance. It may occur in women who fear that penetration will be painful and also may stem from a sexual phobia or from a previous traumatic or painful experience. Most types of sexual problems can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems.


Question: How do hormones affect female sexual dysfunction?

Answer: With the decrease in the female hormone estrogen that is related to aging and menopause, many women experience some changes in sexual function as they age, including poor vaginal lubrication and decreased genital sensation. Research suggests that low levels of the male hormone testosterone also contribute to a decline in sexual arousal, genital sensation, and orgasm. Researchers still are investigating the benefits of hormones and other medications, including drugs like Viagra, to treat sexual problems in women. It should be noted that some postmenopausal women report an increase in sexual satisfaction.


Question: Can female sexual dysfunction be cured?

Answer: A condition called vaginismus is a painful, involuntary spasm of the muscles that surround the vaginal entrance. An evaluation of your attitudes regarding sex, as well as other possible contributing factors (such as fear, anxiety, past sexual trauma/abuse, relationship problems, or alcohol or drug abuse) will help the doctor understand the underlying cause of the problem and make appropriate treatment recommendations. Mild dysfunction that is related to stress, fear, or anxiety often can be successfully treated with counseling, education, and improved communication between partners.


Question: What are the types of allodynia with migraines?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." There are three kinds of allodynia: Static allodynia or tactile allodynia is pain from the pressure of something against your skin. It can hurt to put on a shirt, wear glasses, or put your head on a pillow. Dynamic allodynia is pain that starts when something rubs lightly against your skin. Things like the touch of a person's hand, running a brush through your hair, or water falling on your head in the shower can trigger it. Thermal allodynia is pain that comes on in hot or cold temperatures. For instance, breathing in cold air can cause it.


Question: What tests can diagnose allodynia with migraine?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." Migraine is more than just a headache. She'll ask about your headaches, sensitivity to touch, and other symptoms. You'll also have a physical exam. She may suggest one or more of these tests to get more information: Blood tests: Are usually not needed unless something else is suspected Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI): Are usually not needed unless something else is suspected.


Question: What are treatments for allodynia?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." Migraine is more than just a headache. You can prevent allodynia by treating migraine symptoms as soon as they start. Some migraine drugs -- including triptans -- typically don't work for people who have allodynia. Instead, your doctor may give you a shot of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) called dihydroergotamine or ketorolac. Once your headache goes away, the allodynia usually eases up. But some people still have the pain even after the migraine is gone.


Question: What do you need to know about allodynia and migraine headaches?

Answer: Migraine heaches cause intense, throbbing head pain. These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." Pain is uncomfortable. But it's meant to be a helpful sensation. It warns your body that you're injured so you can stop doing whatever caused it and treat it if you need to. Allodynia, though, is pain that doesn't serve any purpose. You also can have allodynia if you have a disease that damages your nerves, like diabetes. You can prevent allodynia by treating migraine symptoms as soon as they start.


Question: Who is more likely to get allodynia?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." You're more likely to get allodynia if you: Get visual auras -- zigzag lines or flashes of light -- with your migraine headaches Have more than 15 headaches a month Have severe migraine headaches Have had migraine headaches for many years Have another pain condition, like irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, or fibromyalgia Have depression or anxiety Are female Are overweight or obese Smoke A neurologist -- a doctor who specializes in problems with your brain, spinal cord, and nerves â can help you figure out what's going on.


Question: Which specialist can help you with allodynia?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." Migraine is more than just a headache. You're more likely to get allodynia if you: Get visual auras -- zigzag lines or flashes of light -- with your migraine headaches Have more than 15 headaches a month Have severe migraine headaches Have had migraine headaches for many years Have another pain condition, like irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, or fibromyalgia Have depression or anxiety Are female Are overweight or obese Smoke A neurologist -- a doctor who specializes in problems with your brain, spinal cord, and nerves â can help you figure out what's going on.


Question: What causes allodynia?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." It is an overall condition of which the headache is just one symptom. During a migraine, your brain releases chemicals that cause the nerve endings around the brain to send signals to your central nervous system, and that can result in the throbbing head pain you feel. When those signals keep firing for an hour or so, your nerves become hypersensitive. Even normal signals, like a touch on your scalp or face, can be very painful.


Question: How can you avoid migraines associated with allodynia?

Answer: These headaches also can make your nerves so sensitive that even the slightest touch hurts. This is called allodynia, which means "other pain." Migraine is more than just a headache. You can prevent allodynia by treating migraine symptoms as soon as they start. Ask your doctor if you should take medicine to prevent migraine headaches, such as: Blood pressure drugs like beta-blockers Antidepressants Anti-seizure drugs CGRP inhibitors There are also some devices which can short-circuit the electrical activity in your brain that triggers a migraine and prevent to hault it: Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS Cefaly gamma Core Another way to avoid migraines is to have healthy routines. Exercise, get good regular sleep, and practice relaxation techniques like yoga, tai chi, or deep breathing to ease stress. Fasting and dehydration can both set off migraine headaches. So don't wait too long between meals, and make sure you drink enough water during the day.


Question: What are other causes of low libido besides low testosterone?

Answer: Low testosterone is only one of the causes of low libido. Stress, sleep deprivation, depression, and chronic medical illnesses can also sap a man's sex drive.


Question: How does testosterone affect sex drive?

Answer: But low testosterone can reduce your ability to have satisfying sex. Lack of sex drive and erectile dysfunction are sexual problems that can result from low testosterone. If low testosterone is the cause, treating it can help. Also, sex drive changes within each man over time and is affected by stress, sleep, and opportunities for sex.


Question: What causes erection problems?

Answer: Lack of sex drive and erectile dysfunction are sexual problems that can result from low testosterone. If low testosterone is the cause, treating it can help. At the same time, low testosterone is a frequent accomplice to atherosclerosis in creating erectile dysfunction. In studies, as many as one in three men mentioning ED to their doctor have low testosterone. Experts believe that in men with other factors causing erectile dysfunction, low testosterone can strongly contribute, making a difficult situation even worse.


Question: How can race affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: Strokes affect African- Americans and nonwhite Hispanic Americans much more often than any other group in the U. S. Sickle cell disease, a genetic condition that can narrow arteries and interrupt blood flow, is also more common in these groups and in people whose families came from the Mediterranean, the Middle East, or Asia.


Question: How can gender affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: But women have strokes at a later age, which make them less likely to recover and more likely to die as a result.


Question: How can medications affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: Some medicines can raise your chances of stroke. For instance, blood-thinning drugs, which doctors suggest to prevent blood clots, can sometimes make a stroke more likely through bleeding. Studies have linked hormone therapy, used for menopause symptoms like hot flashes, with a higher risk of strokes.


Question: How can heart disease affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: You can also have clogged arteries from fatty deposits.


Question: How does a stroke happen?

Answer: To help prevent a stroke, learn about the causes and the things that can raise your odds of getting one. A stroke can happen in two main ways: Something blocks the flow of blood, or something causes bleeding in the brain. It happens when fatty deposits in arteries break off and travel to the brain or when poor blood flow from an irregular heartbeat forms a blood clot.


Question: Can removing enlarged tonsils help eliminate bed-wetting?

Answer: Often, a child's snoring and apnea are due to enlarged tonsils and adenoids that are blocking the airway. If so, removing enlarged tonsils and adenoids to improve breathing often improves or eliminates bed-wetting. However, tonsils and adenoids should not be removed to resolve bed-wetting. It is only when bed-wetting is a symptom of sleep apnea that tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy may be helpful.


Question: What tests can be used to determine if a physical problem is causing bed-wetting?

Answer: An ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder may be performed if a physical problem is suspected. Children whose bed-wetting is associated with other conditions, such as a urinary tract infection, may be referred to a specialist in urology (urologist) for further evaluation. Immaturity of a child's bladder is a common cause of bed-wetting.


Question: How can I prevent my child from getting abdominal migraines?

Answer: With their parents' and doctor's help, kids with abdominal migraines may be able to figure out what triggers them. Keep a diary: Note the date and time they get it, what foods they had eaten earlier, what they were doing before it happened, if they took any medication recently, and if there's anything going on in their lives that could be making them stressed or anxious. If a food triggers abdominal migraines, they can try to avoid eating it. But that may not work for everyone.


Question: How long do abdominal migraines last?

Answer: Your little one could also: Feel queasy or throw up Be pale or flushed Yawn, be drowsy, or have little energy Lose their appetite or be unable to eat Have dark shadows under their eyes Abdominal migraines are often sudden and quite severe. They can hit without any warning signs. The pain may go away after an hour, or it may last as long as 3 days.


Question: What triggers abdominal migraines?

Answer: Foods such as chocolate, Chinese food with monosodium glutamate ( MSG), and processed meats with nitrites might trigger abdominal migraines in some people. Swallowing a lot of air may also trigger them or set off similar tummy symptoms. It can cause bloating and trouble eating.


Question: What can kids do to prevent abdominal migraines?

Answer: Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that also helps tummy troubles Propranolol ( Inderal), a kind of heart medication called a beta-blocker Valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote), a medicine for seizures and bipolar disorder Kids who have abdominal migraines should eat a nutritious diet with plenty of fiber. Other healthy habits, like daily exercise and getting enough sleep, and teaching them how to manage their emotions and deal with problems, can help, too.


Question: What is an abdominal migraine?

Answer: As their name suggests, they make your belly ache instead. But they often happen as a reaction to the same triggers as migraine headaches. They can hurt a lot and cause nausea, cramps, and often vomiting.


Question: Can swallowing too much air cause abdominal migraine?

Answer: Swallowing a lot of air may also trigger them or set off similar tummy symptoms. It can cause bloating and trouble eating.


Question: Which medications treat an abdominal migraine in children?

Answer: Medications like rizatriptan ( Maxalt) and sumatriptan ( Imitrex), called triptans, haven't been approved for children, though older kids may have luck taking sumatriptan as a nasal spray.


Question: What healthy habits can help kids avoid abdominal migraines?

Answer: Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that also helps tummy troubles Propranolol ( Inderal), a kind of heart medication called a beta-blocker Valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote), a medicine for seizures and bipolar disorder Kids who have abdominal migraines should eat a nutritious diet with plenty of fiber. Other healthy habits, like daily exercise and getting enough sleep, and teaching them how to manage their emotions and deal with problems, can help, too.


Question: Which drugs can prevent abdominal migraines?

Answer: Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that also helps tummy troubles Propranolol ( Inderal), a kind of heart medication called a beta-blocker Valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote), a medicine for seizures and bipolar disorder Kids who have abdominal migraines should eat a nutritious diet with plenty of fiber.


Question: Are abdominal migraine and normal migraine headaches related somehow?

Answer: And kids who have abdominal migraines typically get migraine headaches when they get older.


Question: What drugs can help to prevent abdominal migraines?

Answer: Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that also helps tummy troubles Propranolol ( Inderal), a kind of heart medication called a beta-blocker Valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote), a medicine for seizures and bipolar disorder Kids who have abdominal migraines should eat a nutritious diet with plenty of fiber.


Question: What causes abdominal migraines?

Answer: We don't know their exact cause. One theory is that changes in the levels of two compounds your body makes, histamine and serotonin, are responsible. Experts think that being upset or worried can affect them.


Question: What medications are used to treat abdominal migraines?

Answer: Medications like rizatriptan ( Maxalt) and sumatriptan ( Imitrex), called triptans, haven't been approved for children, though older kids may have luck taking sumatriptan as a nasal spray.


Question: How long does an abdominal migraine last?

Answer: Your little one could also: Feel queasy or throw up Be pale or flushed Yawn, be drowsy, or have little energy Lose their appetite or be unable to eat Have dark shadows under their eyes Abdominal migraines are often sudden and quite severe. They can hit without any warning signs. The pain may go away after an hour, or it may last as long as 3 days.


Question: What are the symptoms of an abdominal migraine?

Answer: It will hurt in the center of your child's body or around their belly button (not their sides), what doctors call midline abdominal pain. Your little one could also: Feel queasy or throw up Be pale or flushed Yawn, be drowsy, or have little energy Lose their appetite or be unable to eat Have dark shadows under their eyes Abdominal migraines are often sudden and quite severe.


Question: Who is more likely to get abdominal migraines?

Answer: ; they're rare in adults. More girls get them than boys. And kids who have abdominal migraines typically get migraine headaches when they get older.


Question: How are abdominal migraines treated?

Answer: Sometimes, simply knowing what the problem is makes it easier to deal with. Because we don't know much about abdominal migraines, doctors may treat them like other migraines. But they usually don't prescribe drugs unless the symptoms are very bad or happen a lot.


Question: Do certain foods cause abdominal migraine?

Answer: Foods such as chocolate, Chinese food with monosodium glutamate ( MSG), and processed meats with nitrites might trigger abdominal migraines in some people.


Question: Are children likely to get an abdominal migraine?

Answer: Kids whose family members get migraines are more likely to get abdominal migraines. ; they're rare in adults. More girls get them than boys. Because abdominal migraines tend to run in families, the doctor will ask about relatives who have migraine headaches.


Question: What is abdominal migraine like in children?

Answer: As their name suggests, they make your belly ache instead. Your little one could also: Feel queasy or throw up Be pale or flushed Yawn, be drowsy, or have little energy Lose their appetite or be unable to eat Have dark shadows under their eyes Abdominal migraines are often sudden and quite severe.


Question: How is an abdominal migraine diagnosed?

Answer: Because abdominal migraines tend to run in families, the doctor will ask about relatives who have migraine headaches. Then he'll try to rule out other causes for stomach pain. Other healthy habits, like daily exercise and getting enough sleep, and teaching them how to manage their emotions and deal with problems, can help, too.


Question: How safe is transcendental meditation (TM)?

Answer: Meditation, both TM and other forms, is generally safe and may improve a person's quality of life. But experts agree that meditation shouldn't be used as a single treatment for any particular health condition, or instead of conventional medical care.


Question: What do supporters of transcendental meditation (TM) say?

Answer: According to supporters of TM, when meditating, the ordinary thinking process is âtranscended.â It's replaced by a state of pure consciousness. In this state, the meditator achieves perfect stillness, rest, stability, order, and a complete absence of mental boundaries. Some studies have found that regular meditation can reduce chronic pain, anxiety, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and the use of health care services.


Question: What is transcendental meditation?

Answer: While meditating, the person practicing TM sits in a comfortable position with eyes closed and silently repeats a mantra. A mantra is a word or sound from the Vedic tradition that is used to focus your concentration. Meditation, both TM and other forms, is generally safe and may improve a person's quality of life. In these sessions, the teacher does the following: Explains the practice in greater detail Gives corrections if needed Provides information about the benefits of regular practice Over the next several months, the teacher regularly meets with practitioners to ensure correct technique.


Question: How often do people practice transcendental meditation (TM)?

Answer: People interested in learning the technique then attend a 10- to 15-minute interview and 1 to 2 hours of personal instruction. That usually means once in the morning before breakfast and once in the afternoon before dinner.


Question: What does the mean corpuscular volume mean from a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: This is the average size of your red blood cells. If they're bigger than normal, your MCV goes up. That could happen if you have low vitamin B12 or folate levels. If your red blood cells are smaller, you could have a type of anemia. A normal-range MCV score is 80 to 96.


Question: How is a complete blood count (CBC) done?

Answer: A nurse or lab tech will take a sample of blood by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. She'll send it to the lab for review. You can leave and get right back to your normal routine.


Question: What do my results from a complete blood count (CBC) mean?

Answer: The normal range is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/mc L When you get your report, you'll notice two columns: one called a âreference rangeâ and another for your results. If your results are inside the reference range, they're normal. If your results are higher or lower than the reference range, they're abnormal. Mild anemia is the most common reason your results might be off. Each lab has its own special equipment and different ways of analyzing your blood. So the reference range -- what's considered normal levels -- will depend on the lab that handles your blood tests. It'll also depend on you age, sex, and how high above sea level you live.


Question: What do platelets mean in a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: These play a role in clotting. This test measures the number of platelets in your blood. The normal range is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/mc L When you get your report, you'll notice two columns: one called a âreference rangeâ and another for your results.


Question: What do white blood cells (WBC) levels mean from a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: These help to fight infections. If you have high WBC levels, it tells your doctor you have inflammation or infection somewhere in your body. If it's low, you could be at risk for infection. The normal range is 4,500 to 10,000 cells per microliter (cells/mc L). ( A microliter is a very tiny amount â one millionth of a liter).


Question: What does hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) mean from a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: This is the protein in your blood that holds the oxygen. The normal range for men is 14 to 17.5 grams per deciliter (gm/d L); for women it's 12.3 to 15.3 gm/d L. Hct (hematocrit).


Question: What does hematocrit (Hct) mean from a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: This value provides information about how much of your blood is comprised of red blood cells. A low score on the range scale may be a sign that you have too little iron, the mineral that helps produce red blood cells. A high score could mean you're dehydrated or have another condition. The normal range for men is between 41.5% and 50.4%. For women the range is between 36.9% and 44.6%.


Question: What does a red blood cell count (RBC) mean from a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: RBC (red blood cell count). This is the number of red blood cells you have. These are important because they deliver oxygen through your body. They also help carry carbon dioxide. If your RBC count is too low, you may have anemia or another condition. ( If you have anemia, your blood has fewer red blood cells than normal.) The normal range for men is 4.5 million to 5.9 million cells/mc L; for women it's 4.1 million to 5.1 million cells/mc L. Hb or Hgb (hemoglobin).


Question: What else might my complete blood count (CBC) tell me?

Answer: It can reveal more information about your health, depending on what your doctor orders. Your doctor will know whether you have an illness or blood condition by measuring the following: MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin). How much hemoglobin (a protein) is in your typical red blood cell. It carries oxygen to your organs and tissues. MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration). This measures the concentration of hemoglobin in a certain amount of blood. It is calculated by dividing the Hgb by Hct. RDW (red cell distribution width). How your much your red blood cells vary in size. Reticulocyte Count. This test measures the number of new red blood cells in your body. MPV (mean platelet volume). The average size of the platelets in your blood. PDW (platelet distribution width). How much your platelets vary in size. White Blood Cell Differential. There are five types of white blood cells. This test shows how many of each type you have: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.


Question: What is a complete blood count (CBC)?

Answer: Your doctor may order a CBC as part of a routine check-up or to: Check for anemia See if you have another health issue or to explain symptoms like weakness, fever, bruising, or feeling tired Keep an eye on a blood condition you already have See how medications or treatments like chemotherapy are affecting your blood If the CBC is the only blood test you're getting that day, you can eat or drink like you normally would. This test measures the number of new red blood cells in your body.


Question: What are symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity that a doctor may look for in a hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: The doctor will also look for at least six of these symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity: Fidgeting or squirming (not being able to sit still) Nonstop talking Trouble sitting still and doing quiet tasks, such as reading Running from place to place; acting like he's driven by a motor Constantly leaving his seat, jumping or climbing on furniture and other inappropriate places Not having patience Blurting out comments at inappropriate times Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn Trouble waiting for a turn or standing in line Many children who like to run and jump may be high-energy.


Question: What forms do stimulant medications come in?

Answer: These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others.


Question: Does sugar cause hyperactivity in children?

Answer: But there is no evidence that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes it worse.


Question: What can I do to prevent serious complications while my child is taking ADHD medicine?

Answer: Because of these rare risks, it's important to call your doctor right away if you notice any unusual symptoms in your child. While taking these medicines, kids should have the following carefully checked: Height Weight Blood pressure Heart rate Along with medicine, behavior therapy can help with hyperactivity.


Question: Can any high-energy child be diagnosed with ADHD?

Answer: But that doesn't mean they are hyperactive. To count as ADHD, symptoms have to be on the extreme side and have to cause problems in the child's life.


Question: What antidepressants are used to treat hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: Drugs that affect mood, including bupropion ( Wellbutrin), can sometimes help with ADHD symptoms.


Question: Do food additives influence ADHD?

Answer: There may be a link between ADHD and food additives such as artificial colors and preservatives.


Question: Is combination therapy common for treating hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: Often, a child will need a combination of medicine and other treatments. You may need to work with your doctor to adjust the medicine as your child's symptoms change.


Question: What forms do ADHD medications come in?

Answer: These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others. Each child responds differently to these medicines.


Question: What stimulant drugs are used for hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?

Answer: Stimulant drugs. Despite their name, stimulant drugs don't rev up or excite kids with ADHD. They calm them down. These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others.


Question: What are some symptoms of ADHD?

Answer: The doctor will also look for at least six of these symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity: Fidgeting or squirming (not being able to sit still) Nonstop talking Trouble sitting still and doing quiet tasks, such as reading Running from place to place; acting like he's driven by a motor Constantly leaving his seat, jumping or climbing on furniture and other inappropriate places Not having patience Blurting out comments at inappropriate times Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn Trouble waiting for a turn or standing in line Many children who like to run and jump may be high-energy. But that doesn't mean they are hyperactive. To count as ADHD, symptoms have to be on the extreme side and have to cause problems in the child's life. Also, they have to have been doing this for at least 6 months.


Question: What are some more serious side effects to stimulant medications?

Answer: Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers.


Question: What are the more serious side effects of ADHD drugs?

Answer: Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers.


Question: What non-stimulant drugs are used to treat hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: Although nonstimulant medicines may not work as well as stimulants, they have fewer side effects.


Question: How does behavioral therapy help with hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?

Answer: Kids can learn how to create and follow routines. They can also work to improve their social skills. Parents and teachers can use a system of rewards and consequences to reinforce good behaviors.


Question: Is there a test to know if my child has hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: No single test can confirm that your child has this type of ADHD. Your doctor will first try to rule out other things that can cause hyperactivity.


Question: What nonstimulant drugs and antidepressants can help treat ADHD?

Answer: Nonstimulant drugs. This type of medication includes atomoxetine ( Strattera). Although nonstimulant medicines may not work as well as stimulants, they have fewer side effects. High blood pressure medicines are another choice. These drugs can help control impulsivity and hyperactivity symptoms. Clonidine ( Catapres, Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex ) Antidepressants. Drugs that affect mood, including bupropion ( Wellbutrin), can sometimes help with ADHD symptoms. Often, a child will need a combination of medicine and other treatments. You may need to work with your doctor to adjust the medicine as your child's symptoms change.


Question: What can influence the risk for ADHD?

Answer: Other things that may influence ADHD risk include: Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy Being born premature Low birth weight Being exposed to lead during early childhood Brain injuries Many parents claim sugar makes their child hyperactive. But there is no evidence that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes it worse. There may be a link between ADHD and food additives such as artificial colors and preservatives.


Question: What tests can confirm ADHD in children?

Answer: No single test can confirm that your child has this type of ADHD. Your doctor will first try to rule out other things that can cause hyperactivity. It could be stress or emotional issues. The behavior might simply be appropriate for his age. Sometimes vision problems or learning disabilities can make it hard for a child to sit still.


Question: Is ADHD genetic?

Answer: The causes of ADHD aren't clear. Scientists say it is due in large part to genes that are passed down from parent to child. But experts aren't sure yet which specific genes make it more likely to get ADHD. A child is more likely to have ADHD if a close family member has it.


Question: Which stimulant medication is most effective for hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others. Each child responds differently to these medicines.


Question: Other than genetics, what factors may cause ADHD?

Answer: Other things that may influence ADHD risk include: Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy Being born premature Low birth weight Being exposed to lead during early childhood Brain injuries Many parents claim sugar makes their child hyperactive.


Question: What is inattentive ADHD?

Answer: They are also easily distracted. A child with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may not always show many signs of inattention. They may not necessarily have trouble focusing or becoming easily distracted. But many kids have a combination of hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive ADHD (called the "combined type"). They may be always on the go and have trouble focusing.


Question: What should be checked in children is strattera and antidepressant medications have suicidal side effects?

Answer: Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers. Because of these rare risks, it's important to call your doctor right away if you notice any unusual symptoms in your child. While taking these medicines, kids should have the following carefully checked: Height Weight Blood pressure Heart rate Along with medicine, behavior therapy can help with hyperactivity. A psychologist or therapist can help kids with ADHD learn how to spot and control their hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.


Question: What can kids learn to help with their ADHD?

Answer: Kids can learn how to create and follow routines. They can also work to improve their social skills. Parents and teachers can use a system of rewards and consequences to reinforce good behaviors.


Question: How is inattentive ADHD different from hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?

Answer: Kids who have it seem to always be on the move. Children who have inattentive ADHD have trouble focusing. A child with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may not always show many signs of inattention.


Question: How does you know if your child has ADHD?

Answer: Is he just a high-energy kid? Kids who are hyperactive also tend to be impulsive. They may interrupt conversations. They may play out of turn. They may be always on the go and have trouble focusing.


Question: What are some treatments for ADHD?

Answer: Once your child is diagnosed with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, the next step is to treat it. Every child's treatment plan can be different. Sometimes it takes trying a few things to find the right one. ADHD treatment usually starts with medication. A few ADHD medicines are available. Stimulant drugs. These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others.


Question: Who shouldn't use fenugreek?

Answer: Women who are pregnant should not take fenugreek because in doses higher than that found in food, it can stimulate the uterus to contract. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA in the same way that food and drugs are.


Question: Why do people take fenugreek?

Answer: People have been using fenugreek seeds for diabetes for centuries. There's some evidence that it works. Some studies show it can lower blood sugar after eating. Early research also suggests that fenugreek may lower âbadâ LDL cholesterol. People use fenugreek for other conditions. They range from improving appetite to helping nursing women produce more breast milk. As a skin treatment, people use it for swelling, rashes, and wounds. There's no good evidence that these uses of fenugreek help.


Question: Does fenugreek work?

Answer: People have been using fenugreek seeds for diabetes for centuries. There's some evidence that it works. Some studies show it can lower blood sugar after eating. Early research also suggests that fenugreek may lower âbadâ LDL cholesterol. They range from improving appetite to helping nursing women produce more breast milk. As a skin treatment, people use it for swelling, rashes, and wounds. There's no good evidence that these uses of fenugreek help.


Question: What is fenugreek?

Answer: As a skin treatment, people use it for swelling, rashes, and wounds. The seed is also a common seasoning.


Question: Does fenugreek interact with other medicines?

Answer: There's some evidence that it works. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using fenugreek supplements. They could interact with insulin or other diabetes drugs.


Question: What are the symptoms of Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Answer: The bacteria that most commonly cause TSS are: Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium sordellii ( C. sordellii) Staphylococcal TSS happens most often in women. Sometimes, you can get it if you use superabsorbent tampons, and the bacteria gets trapped for too long in your vagina. You're also more at risk if you have an infection after surgery, childbirth, or have burns or pus buildup in your body. This type of TSS causes: Fever above 102 F Headache Fatigue Flat, red rash like a sunburn on most of your body Vomiting Diarrhea Muscle pain Redder than usual mouth, eyes, and vagina Bruising Low urine output You may also start to shed your skin in sheets, usually on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet, 1 to 2 weeks after your symptoms start.


Question: What are the symptoms of Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Answer: This kind of TSS usually happens after you have chickenpox, a skin infection, or if you have a weak immune system. The first symptom is most often severe pain that comes on suddenly. Other symptoms include: Very low blood pressure Shock (not enough blood flow to the systems in your body) Bleeding problems Bruising Flat, red rash like a sunburn on most of your body Trouble breathing You may also have sheets of skin shed off, like in staphylococcal TSS, but this doesn't always happen.


Question: What symptoms does toxic shock syndrome cause?

Answer: Generally, TSS causes: Fever Rash Low blood pressure Kidney problems or failure Respiratory problems or failure Confusion In order to figure out what kind of TSS you have, and to rule out other causes of infection or disease, your doctor will check for symptoms that are specific to certain types of bacteria.


Question: What are the symptoms of Clostridium sordellii toxic shock syndrome?

Answer: Clostridium sordellii infection happens in the uterus. You can also get it from IV drug use. Its symptoms include: Nausea and vomiting Low energy and weakness Flu-like symptoms Pain when you touch your abdomen Swelling High red and white blood cell count Fast heart rate Unlike the other most common types of TSS, such as staphylococcal TSS, C. sordellii does not usually cause a fever.


Question: What should you know about toxic shock syndrome symptoms?

Answer: Since TSS puts out toxins into your bloodstream, it can affect many different systems in your body at once. The symptoms are a lot like ones you might see from other kinds of infections: swelling, fever, redness, and a general feeling of being unwell. TSS symptoms usually come on quickly, about 2 days after the bacteria infects you. The way TSS affects your body depends on the type of bacteria causing your condition. You can also get it from IV drug use.


Question: When should I call my doctor about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Answer: You have signs of active infection, most likely of the skin with a spreading, painful, red rash or abscess; in most cases, MRSA is easily treated. However, MRSA infection can be serious, so seek medical care. If you are already being treated for an infection, watch for signs that your medicine isn't working. If you are taking an antibiotic, call your health care provider if: The infection is no better after three or four days of antibiotic therapy. The rash spreads. You develop a fever, or your fever gets worse.


Question: What are symptoms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Answer: In either case, the area would look: Swollen Red Painful Filled with pus Many people who have a staph skin infection often mistake it for a spider bite. You have signs of active infection, most likely of the skin with a spreading, painful, red rash or abscess; in most cases, MRSA is easily treated.


Question: How can methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affect your body?

Answer: If staph infects the lungs and causes pneumonia, you will have: Shortness of breath Fever Cough Chills MRSA can cause many other symptoms, because once it gets into your bloodstream, MRSA can settle anywhere. It can cause abscess in your spleen, kidney, and spine. It can cause endocarditis (heart valve infections), osteomyelitis (bone infections), joint infections, breast mastitis, and prosthetic device infections. Unlike most MRSA skin infections, which can be treated in the doctor's office, these other more serious infections will land you in the hospital for intravenous antibiotic therapy. While frightening, only a handful of necrotizing fasciitis cases has been reported.


Question: When and how can you remove a fishhook after an injury?

Answer: If the hook is not near the eye or has not penetrated into a joint, bone, or muscle: Cut any fishing line, fish, bait, or lure from the fishhook. Use ice or cold water for 2 to 3 minutes to numb the area. If the barb of the fishhook has not entered the skin, pull the tip of the hook back out. If the barb is embedded in the skin, first try the string-pull method. If medical help is not available and the fishhook is deeply embedded in the skin, try the advance-and-cut method. Push the hook the rest of the way through the skin, snip off the barb with wire cutters, and remove the rest of the fishhook from where it entered the skin.


Question: What should you do about fishhook injuries?

Answer: The fishhook is in a joint, in a bone, or deep in a muscle. Do not try to remove fishhook or put pressure on eye. Call for emergency medical help.


Question: What helps painful intercourse after a hysterectomy?

Answer: It helps to try different positions and lubricants and moisturizers (like K- Y oils or Replens). A low-dose vaginal estrogen cream, suppository or ring can also help relieve vaginal dryness.


Question: When should you call your doctor after a hysterectomy?

Answer: Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms with any type of hysterectomy: Fever or chills Heavy bleeding or unusual vaginal discharge Severe pain Redness or discharge from incisions Problems urinating or having a bowel movement Shortness of breath or chest pain For most women, life without a uterus means relief from the symptoms that caused them to have a hysterectomy -- bleeding, pelvic pain, and abdominal bloating.


Question: How does a hysterectomy affect your emotions?

Answer: You may feel a sense of loss. If you had surgery because of illness or cancer, you may feel depressed. Talk the issues over with your doctor.


Question: How long does it take to recover from an abdominal hysterectomy?

Answer: During this time, you need to rest at home. You should not be doing housework until you talk with your doctor about restrictions. There should be no lifting for the first two weeks. Walking is encouraged, but not heavy lifting. After 6 weeks, you can get back to your regular activities, including having sex. This procedure is the least invasive and can have a recovery period as short as six days to two weeks.


Question: Should I work with a physical therapist if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If your symptoms get in the way of exercise, work with a physical therapist -- one who specializes in treating people with RA. You'll learn ways to build strength, feel better, and zap stress.


Question: Should I use guided imagery if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You could also try guided imagery. To do this, you picture in your mind places or situations you find relaxing. Try to use all your senses, and imagine seeing it, smelling it, feeling it.


Question: Should I do what I love if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Think about activities you enjoy, such as having coffee with a friend, reading, or seeing a movie. Build those activities into your weekly schedule.


Question: Should I see a therapist for support if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Talk to a psychologist, social worker, or counselor. Even a few appointments can help you find ways to handle your challenges.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before I start exercising if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you're not active now, ask your doctor what's OK for you to do. Pace yourself, too. You may need to take it easier when you have a flare.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Keep up with your sleep. Get up and go to bed at the same time each day to set a regular sleep cycle. If you can, don't take work home from the office. Turn off the TV, computer, and phone at least an hour before bed. Do what you love. Think about activities you enjoy, such as having coffee with a friend, reading, or seeing a movie. Build those activities into your weekly schedule. Don't smoke. While some people with RA smoke to deal with the stress of their condition, that's not a good idea. Studies have found that smoking can make rheumatoid arthritis worse and make medication less effective.


Question: How can I work around problems that are caused by rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When RA symptoms flare up, everyday tasks can be harder to do. Look for solutions. If typing hurts your hands, try voice recognition software for your computer. In the kitchen, you might find that new utensils with bigger grips make cooking easier. These little changes can take some of the stress off you.


Question: Should I make exercise a priority when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Being active is especially good for people with RA. It eases pain, improves mood, lowers stress, and helps keep joints mobile. Go for cardio (aerobic exercise). Pick activities that are easy on your joints, like swimming and walking.


Question: Does stress affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Stress can make your RA worse, so you'll want to take action to keep that from happening. Researchers still don't fully understand the connection between stress and rheumatoid arthritis. The cause may involve substances related to the stress response and inflammation.


Question: Should I use meditation if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It eases pain, improves mood, lowers stress, and helps keep joints mobile. Meditation can be as simple as focusing your attention on your breathing. Your mind will wander to other topics. That's OK. Just turn your attention back to your breath, or whatever else you choose to focus on.


Question: Should I do flexibility training when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Being active is especially good for people with RA. Tai chi and gentle types of yoga are good for that. They can also be relaxing.


Question: How can meditation help with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It eases pain, improves mood, lowers stress, and helps keep joints mobile. Meditation can be as simple as focusing your attention on your breathing. Your mind will wander to other topics. That's OK. Just turn your attention back to your breath, or whatever else you choose to focus on. You could also try guided imagery. To do this, you picture in your mind places or situations you find relaxing. Try to use all your senses, and imagine seeing it, smelling it, feeling it.


Question: Where can you get support for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: To do this, you picture in your mind places or situations you find relaxing. Partner with your doctor. Let him know how you're doing. Tell him about any problems you have. Online support groups are another option.


Question: Should I partner with my doctor for support if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Keep up with your sleep. Let him know how you're doing. Tell him about any problems you have. Bring up any questions or concerns you have.


Question: What is the role of a dietitian for someone with gestational diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor or a dietitian can give you specific advice on how much you should eat and when you need to check your blood sugar.


Question: How many calories should come from carbs vs. protein if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: Get 40% of your daily calories from carbs and 20% from protein.


Question: How much fat can I have per day if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: Limit your total fat to less than 40% of your daily calories. Saturated fat should be less than 10% of all the fat you eat. Eat a variety of foods to make sure you get enough vitamins and minerals. You may need to take a supplement to cover your bases. Ask your doctor if they think you should take one.


Question: How can I manage morning sickness if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: When you have gestational diabetes, you'll have to pay attention to what you eat and when. Foods such as whole-grain breads, cereals, and pasta, brown or wild rice, oatmeal, and vegetables and fruits will help get you there. Eat a variety of foods to make sure you get enough vitamins and minerals. If you take insulin, make sure you've got a plan to deal with low blood sugar.


Question: What are the symptoms of clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. In more serious infections, there may be blood in the stool. Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day Severe cramping Fever Nausea Loss of appetite/weight loss Dehydration Rapid heart rate It's fairly common to have mild diarrhea when starting an antibiotic. It may be caused by a mild C. diff infection. But if you have diarrhea three or more times a day and symptoms last for at least 2 days, you should see a doctor right away.


Question: How can I prevent clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: If you're in a hospital or long-term health care facility, you can do several things to protect yourself against from C. diff. For example: Ask your health care provider to wash his or her hands thoroughly before and after caring for you. Request that all medical equipment be sanitized before being brought into your room. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before eating. Also, if your doctor prescribes an antibiotic for any reason, ask if it's really necessary. Talk to your doctor about other treatment options. Don't take antibiotics without a doctor's OK. Many C. diff infections are mild and short-lived, but others can be quite serious. Take precautions, and don't hesitate to seek medical help if you have symptoms.


Question: How do I know if I have a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: They include: Enzyme immunoassay Polymerase chain reaction GDH/ EIA Cell cytotoxicity assay If your doctor suspects serious problems with your colon, he might order X-rays or a CT scan of your intestines.


Question: How do you get a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } C. diff bacteria actually exists all around us. It's in the air, water, soil, and in the feces of humans and animals. Many people have the bacteria in their intestines and never have any symptoms. The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. You can also become infected if you touch clothing, sheets, or other surfaces that have come in contact with feces and then touch your mouth or nose.


Question: What is clostridium difficile (C. diff)?

Answer: But for some people, these drugs can trigger a potentially life-threatening infection caused by a type of bacteria called clostridium difficile, or C. diff. It can cause colitis, a serious inflammation of the colon.


Question: Whoâs at risk for a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. That's because the human body contains thousands of different types of bacteria -- some good, some bad. If the antibiotics kill enough healthy bacteria, the ones that cause C. diff could grow unchecked and make you sick. An increasing number of younger people also develop C. diff infections, even without taking antibiotics or being in a hospital. Failure to wash your hands thoroughly after being exposed to the bacteria can lead to infection. You also have higher odds of getting C. diff if you're dealing with a condition such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or a weakened immune system caused by cancer treatment or another health problem.


Question: What problems can a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection cause?

Answer: If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. A C. diff infection also can lead to toxic megacolon or bowel perforation, though these rarely happen. With toxic megacolon, your colon dilates and can't release gas or stool. This could cause it to swell and rupture. Without emergency surgery, you could die. Bowel perforation is a hole in your large intestines that allows dangerous bacteria to escape. It can lead to a dangerous infection called peritonitis.


Question: How does psychotherapy treat depression?

Answer: In addition to the help and support you get from your therapist and/or doctor, there are a few things you can do on your own that will help you feel better: Stay physically active.


Question: How do antidepressants treat depression?

Answer: Antidepressants work by affecting brain chemicals called neurotransmitters and nerve cell pathways or circuits in the brain that regulate mood. Antidepressants effectively treat depression in many people who take them. However, they can take four to six weeks to notice an effect, so it's important to be patient. Antidepressants sometimes can also have side effects, including weight gain and sexual problems. It may take some time to find the right medication that works best for you with the fewest side effects.


Question: What are the treatments for depression?

Answer: Depression treatment involves either antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or both. People with mild to moderate depression can benefit from therapy alone. Aerobic exercise is also sometimes recommended as an effective treatment for mild to moderate forms of depression. People with more severe depression usually do better with medication and therapy. Note that once you start treatment, you may notice improvements in symptoms such as sleep or appetite before you begin to feel less depressed.


Question: Why should I consider treatment for my depression?

Answer: Yet depression can also be sneaky, disguised in symptoms that can be hard to identify. Here are two good reasons why you should consider depression treatment: Treatment works. Even people with severe depression can find relief, and so can you. Early treatment is better. As with many other health problems, getting treatment early on can ease symptoms more quickly. If you wait to get help, your depression can become more severe and harder to treat.


Question: What are common symptoms of depression?

Answer: Common symptoms of depression include feeling sad, hopeless, empty, or having lost interest in the things that previously gave you pleasure. But other, less obvious symptoms also may signal depression, including: Anger, irritability, and impatience. Anxiety. Crying spells, crying over nothing at all, or crying about small things that normally wouldn't bother you may be signs of depression. Inability to concentrate. If you have aches and pains that don't respond to treatment, including joint pain, back pain, limb pain, or stomach pain, they could be signs of depression. Substance abuse and depression often go hand in hand. Appetite changes. Sleep helps us heal from many health problems, including depression.


Question: What are things I can do on my own to help treat depression?

Answer: Or you may sleep too much and find it hard to get up in the morning. There are many people willing to help you overcome depression, but the first step you have to take on your own is to let someone know how you are feeling. Exercise helps boost your mood, and research has shown that it may also help ease depression. Get a good night's sleep. Spending time with supportive friends or family will make you feel better -- even if you don't feel like it will.


Question: What are signs of "chemo brain"?

Answer: Chemo brain can start during or after your treatment for cancer. The symptoms may disappear quickly after your chemotherapy ends, or they may linger for months. You may notice things like these happening to you: Forget things that you usually remember, like names, dates, and common words Feel "spaced out" or can't concentrate Find it hard to do more than one thing at a time Take longer than usual to do things, or feel like you're slow and disorganized Misplace objects Doctors don't fully understand why you get chemo brain.


Question: What are foods with high levels of phenylalanine (Phe) that you need to avoid if you have phenylketonuria?

Answer: These include: Dairy Eggs Meat, poultry, and fish Nuts Beans Foods or drinks with the artificial sweetener aspartame Since your child's diet is limited, she'll need to drink a special formula that contains protein (minus the Phe) and other nutrients she needs.


Question: What does the phenylketonuria (PKU) test result mean?

Answer: The test measures the amount of Phe in your baby's blood. A normal level is less than 2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L). More than 4 mg/d L is considered high. Even if your baby's results aren't in that range, it doesn't necessarily mean she has PKU. It means she needs more tests to find out for sure.


Question: What does it mean when spots and objects bounce around in my vision?

Answer: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless. What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.


Question: When do people need eye exams?

Answer: Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.


Question: What can you do if you have diabetes and your eyesight changes from day to day?

Answer: What to do: See your doctor for a checkup, even if you don't think you have diabetes. You can have it and not know it.


Question: What can you do if there's a film over everything you see?

Answer: What to do about it: Until the cataract causes severe vision problems, you can increase lighting and change your eyeglass prescription to help you see more clearly. Once the haze gets bad, talk to your doctor about surgery to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial one.


Question: What can you do if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?

Answer: What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.


Question: When do you need eye exams?

Answer: If you're 40 and have vision issues, you should see an ophthalmologist or optometrist every 2 to 4 years. Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.


Question: What does it mean if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?

Answer: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless.


Question: What can you do if your vision is fine, but you're over 60 and have a family history of glaucoma?

Answer: What to do about it: See your doctor for an eye exam that includes a glaucoma test. If you have glaucoma, eye drop medication and surgery can stop the worst side effects.


Question: What does it mean when I have a crazy headache that started with wavy vision and flashes of light?

Answer: What it could be: A migraine. They don't just make your head hurt. They also can create a light show of auras and flashes in your vision. You might even briefly lose sight from certain types of migraines. What to do about it: If this is a new problem for you, call your doctor. If you've already been diagnosed with migraines, learn what triggers them. That way, you can stay away from those things and avoid the headaches. Medicine can prevent a migraine or stop one in its tracks. If you lose sight with your migraines, call your eye doctor right away -- it could be a sign of a more serious vision problem.


Question: What does it mean when I have to hold books and newspapers father away to read them?

Answer: They're usually subtle at first, often start in middle age, and can include these problems: What it could be: Presbyopia, or the inability to focus up close. It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly. What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. You might need glasses or contacts.


Question: What does it mean when you have to hold books and newspapers farther away to read them?

Answer: It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly.


Question: What can treat presbyopia?

Answer: You can get glasses with and without a prescription. You can use them for close-up viewing, like when you read a menu or book or work on a computer. If you need help with both near and far vision, bifocals can fix close-up and distant focus. Progressive lenses or trifocals can also help you see both near and far. Contact lenses can help correct presbyopia without reading glasses. Some doctors suggest a contact for near vision in one eye and for distance vision in the other eye. The FDA has approved a surgical implant called the KAMRA inlay and one called Raindrop to help improve near vision. These may help well selected candidates looking for an alternative to dependence on reading glasses. Laser eye surgery or contact lenses can make the problem worse. See your eye doctor if these products don't help.


Question: What can you do if it's harder to read than it used to?

Answer: What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. You might need glasses or contacts. You can get glasses with and without a prescription. The FDA has approved a surgical implant called the KAMRA inlay and one called Raindrop to help improve near vision. These may help well selected candidates looking for an alternative to dependence on reading glasses. Laser eye surgery or contact lenses can make the problem worse. See your eye doctor if these products don't help.


Question: What does it mean when you have a fierce headache that started with wavy vision and flashes of light?

Answer: You don't need a prescription. They also can create a light show of auras and flashes in your vision. You might even briefly lose sight from certain types of migraines. What it could be: Floaters.


Question: What does it mean if you have diabetes and your eyesight changes from day to day?

Answer: What it could be: Your blood sugar rises and falls through the day. They can leak and affect your vision.


Question: What does it mean if there's a film over everything you see?

Answer: As you get older, it's normal for your eye's lens to get cloudy as protein inside it starts to clump together. Cataracts can also create a halo around lights at night and make your eyes more sensitive to glare, even during daytime. What it could be: Floaters.


Question: What should you know about vision changes?

Answer: They're usually subtle at first, often start in middle age, and can include these problems: What it could be: Presbyopia, or the inability to focus up close. There are other options, and your doctor can check if your dry eyes are a symptom of a bigger problem.


Question: What can you do if your eyes feel dry and irritated all the time?

Answer: What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. If your dryness is mild, get some artificial tears at the drugstore. You don't need a prescription. See your eye doctor if these products don't help. There are other options, and your doctor can check if your dry eyes are a symptom of a bigger problem.


Question: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?

Answer: Your baby may be starting to sit up alone by six months. To get ready, babies first prop themselves up with their hands, but over time they can start to let go and sit unsupported. Your 6-month-old can probably roll from his back to his stomach and vice versa. Some babies can propel themselves around the floor using this rolling method. Or, they may creep forward or backward -- sliding around on their tummies while pushing against the floor. You may notice your baby rise up on hands and knees and rock back and forth.


Question: What sleep milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?

Answer: Most babies are sleeping six to eight hours at a stretch by six months. When babies at this age have trouble falling or staying asleep, some parents turn to a method developed by pediatrician Richard Ferber. The Ferber Method, as it is known, involves putting your baby into the crib while she's still awake. If your baby cries, wait for a progressively longer period of time each night before going in to provide comfort. This method works well for some families, but you may need to experiment with several different sleep methods before you find the one that works best for you.


Question: What are some tips for your babyâs sixth month?

Answer: Be on the lookout for signs that your baby is not hitting important milestones, like babbling, sitting unassisted, smiling, making eye contact, or responding to sounds. If you're concerned she has missed any milestone, call your pediatrician. Play peek-a-boo and similar games with your baby. It will help teach the idea of object permanence -- that objects still exist, even when they're out of sight. Place toys just out of reach on the floor to encourage your baby to start crawling. If you have older children, make sure to put away toys with tiny pieces to prevent your baby from choking.


Question: What eating milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?

Answer: In just six short months, your baby has started to learn how to communicate and to eat solid foods. Wait a few days each time you try something new to make sure she isn't allergic to it. If your baby doesn't seem to like a new food, wait a few days and then try it again. Babies are fickle creatures and their tastes can change from one day to the next. Introduce foods one at a time to be able to monitor for any reactions such as rash, diarrhea, or vomiting. Cow's milk should also not be given until your baby is at least 1 year old, although products made with cow's milk, such as yogurt or soft cheese, are fine.


Question: What can you do to find a childcare provider for your 6-month-old?

Answer: You may notice that your baby's eyes have changed from their birth color. If not, here are a few tips for choosing a safe and trustworthy childcare provider: Visit several childcare centers. Spend as much time as possible at each one to get a feel for what your baby might experience there. If you're able, drop in unannounced so you can see how the center runs when they're not prepared for a visit. Check to make sure that the facility provides a clean, safe environment. There should be no obvious safety hazards -- such as dangling cords, open outlets, or small toys -- and emergency procedures should be clearly posted. Ask about the ratio of staff members to children. The fewer children per staff member, the better. Each state's requirement for licensed childcare centers varies, but most stipulate no more than three to six babies for every one childcare worker. Find out about the background of every person who will be watching your child. Make sure the facility conducts careful background checks of all their employees, from the childcare workers to the maintenance people.


Question: What growth milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?

Answer: By now, she should have at least doubled her birth weight. At six months, baby's growth will slow to about 1 pound a month. Height gain will also slow, to about a half-inch each month. The risk of SIDS is much lower at six months than it was in the first few months of life.


Question: What communication milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?

Answer: To help her learn the language, read stories together every night. Babies at this age are starting to recognize the people and things around them. Your baby will start to feel comfortable with the familiar -- mommy, daddy, grandma, and grandpa, as well as a few of her favorite toys. You might see the first signs of fear when she is with strange people or in new situations. Be on the lookout for signs that your baby is not hitting important milestones, like babbling, sitting unassisted, smiling, making eye contact, or responding to sounds.


Question: What is visual acuity testing?

Answer: This measures how well you see at near and far distances. If your child can't yet read, the doctor will use a special test. Your child will look at a letter " E" then tell the doctor the way the legs point with her fingers.


Question: What is corneal topography?

Answer: This computerized test maps the curve of your cornea. It can show problems with your eye's surface, like swelling or scarring, or conditions such as astigmatism. You might have it before you have surgery, a cornea transplant, or a contact lens fitting.


Question: What is a dilated pupillary eye exam?

Answer: The doctor uses special drops to expand your eye's pupil (he'll call this dilate). That lets him check your retina for signs of disease.


Question: What is a fluorescein angiogram?

Answer: This lets the doctor see how well blood moves in your retina. It helps diagnose diabetic retinopathy, retina detachment, and macular degeneration. The doctor will inject a special dye, called fluorescein, into a vein in your arm. It travels quickly to blood vessels inside your eye. Once it gets there, the doctor uses a camera with special filters to highlight the dye. He takes pictures of the dye as it goes though the blood vessels in the back of your eye. This helps him spot circulation problems, swelling, leaking, or abnormal blood vessels.


Question: What is a non-contact tonometry eye exam?

Answer: This test helps diagnose glaucoma. The doctor will use a tool called a tonometer that blows a tiny puff of air, measuring eye pressure indirectly by the eye's resistance to the puff. Applanation instruments can also measure pressure. They are the most accurate, but you'll need local anesthetic.


Question: What is a slit-lamp exam?

Answer: The doctor uses this microscope to shine a beam of light shaped like a small slit on your eye. He may also dilate your pupils during the test. It can help diagnose cataracts, glaucoma, detached retina, macular degeneration, cornea injuries, and dry eye disease.


Question: What is a dilated pupillary exam?

Answer: The doctor uses special drops to expand your eye's pupil (he'll call this dilate). That lets him check your retina for signs of disease.


Question: What is a retinal tomography?

Answer: This computerized test maps the curve of your cornea. It can show problems with your eye's surface, like swelling or scarring, or conditions such as astigmatism. You might have it before you have surgery, a cornea transplant, or a contact lens fitting.


Question: What is a fluorescein angiogram?

Answer: This lets the doctor see how well blood moves in your retina. It helps diagnose diabetic retinopathy, retina detachment, and macular degeneration. The doctor will inject a special dye, called fluorescein, into a vein in your arm. It travels quickly to blood vessels inside your eye. Once it gets there, the doctor uses a camera with special filters to highlight the dye. He takes pictures of the dye as it goes though the blood vessels in the back of your eye. This helps him spot circulation problems, swelling, leaking, or abnormal blood vessels.


Question: What is a corneal topography?

Answer: This test measures the amount of pressure it takes to flatten a portion of your cornea. It can show problems with your eye's surface, like swelling or scarring, or conditions such as astigmatism. You might have it before you have surgery, a cornea transplant, or a contact lens fitting.


Question: What is a non-contact tonometry?

Answer: Pressure readings help your doctor diagnose and keep track of glaucoma. The doctor will use a tool called a tonometer that blows a tiny puff of air, measuring eye pressure indirectly by the eye's resistance to the puff. Applanation instruments can also measure pressure. They are the most accurate, but you'll need local anesthetic.


Question: What is a refraction?

Answer: The doctor uses special drops to expand your eye's pupil (he'll call this dilate). You look at a chart, usually 20 feet away, or in a mirror that makes things look like they're 20 feet away. You'll look through a tool called a phoropter. It lets the doctor move lenses of different strengths in front of your eyes. You can tell him if things look clear or blurry. Your answers give him your prescription for your glasses or contact lenses. The test will also help him spot presbyopia, hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism.


Question: What is an applanation tonometry?

Answer: This computerized test maps the curve of your cornea. You'll look through a tool called a phoropter. This test helps diagnose glaucoma.


Question: How can I remember to do eat right, work out, and do other things that are good for me?

Answer: You can set up any kind of trigger: an alarm, a note, a text message. A good trigger is one you'll both notice and link to what you want to do. You also want to time it to coincide with the action you want to take.


Question: I feel bad about not sticking to healthy habits. What can I do about it?

Answer: Or skip the gym after you vow to increase activity? In that way, anchors help you remember your healthy habits and give you the mind-set you need to do them.


Question: What are anchors, and how can they help me make healthy habits?

Answer: Anchors help psych you up to do them. Let's say you're listening to music while you're on the treadmill, and you feel supercharged during a particular song. That song can become your anchor for those feelings. When you replay it, you'll feel the same energy boost you got during that workout. Think about a personal item that reminds you of a time you felt especially strong. When you need those feelings back, look at the item or touch it.


Question: How do I treat chronic insomnia?

Answer: If you have chronic insomnia, getting treatment for any underlying health condition or other problem may help you to sleep better. If you still have insomnia, your doctor may suggest behavioral therapy, which is frequently used when insomnia stems from the mind or body being unable to relax. Behavioral therapy teaches a person how to alter behaviors that worsen insomnia and learn new ways to promote sleep.


Question: Do sleeping pills treat insomnia?

Answer: If you still have trouble functioning during the day because of poor sleep, your doctor may prescribe sleeping pills for a few weeks. Commonly used sleep aids include sedatives, minor tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety drugs. Most are safe if a doctor supervises their use. Some sleep aids can become habit-forming or pose the potential for overdose if not used as directed.


Question: What causes secondary insomnia?

Answer: Secondary insomnia: Sleep problems occur because of another issue, such as a sleep disorder like apnea; another health condition or disease; chronic pain from arthritis or headaches; medications; or alcohol, caffeine, and other substances.


Question: What should you put in a sleep diary if you have insomnia?

Answer: If you've made lifestyle changes and still have sleep problems, write down in a journal: Time you went to bed Approximate time you fell asleep Time you woke up Number of times you woke up during the night Amount of time you stayed awake during the night Total amount of sleep you log per night Any grogginess upon waking in the morning or during the day Naps and their duration Any daytime incidents of dozing off and where it happened Any comments about particular sleep problems or quality of sleep Share your sleep diary with your doctor.


Question: What's the treatment for short-term insomnia?

Answer: If you have short-term insomnia, you may not need treatment. Don't hang out in bed; reserve it for sleep. Go to bed at the same time every night. Exercise. Make your bedroom comfortable for sleep. Keep it dark, quiet, and not too cold or warm. Use a sleeping mask to block light or use earplugs or a fan to block noise. Relax before bedtime by reading, listening to relaxing music, bathing, or doing another relaxing activity. Don't eat a heavy meal late in the day; a light snack before bedtime may help with sleep, though.