Question: Does cognitive behavioral therapy help you get better sleep if you have fibromyalgia?

Answer: The technique called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you to change thought patterns for the better. Using CBT for fibro-related insomnia may improve alertness and thinking ability and lessen anxiety. It can be especially helpful if you're stuck in a negative thought spiral: Many people worry that they won't be able to sleep because of their pain, which in turn makes the pain worse so it's harder to sleep.


Question: How hard is it to learn what foods I can and can't eat on a Low-FODMAP diet?

Answer: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.


Question: What is the success rate of FODMAP diets?

Answer: But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. Remember, FODMAPs aren't bad. Many foods that are rich in them encourage the growth of good bacteria in the gut.


Question: Who should you work with if you're considering a low-FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: So it's a good idea to work with a gastroenterologist and a dietitian who can help you limit FODMAPs with a balanced diet that meets all your nutritional needs.


Question: Which foods are high in FODMAPs?

Answer: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.


Question: How can you introduce other foods after a FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them. For instance, maybe dairy is a problem, but grains are OK for you. Or maybe you have trouble digesting high- FODMAP fruits or vegetables, but nothing else is a problem.


Question: How effective is avoiding FODMAPs for helping irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. Remember, FODMAPs aren't bad. Many foods that are rich in them encourage the growth of good bacteria in the gut.


Question: Which foods are low in FODMAPs?

Answer: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.


Question: What is the goal of a FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.


Question: Do some people have trouble eating FODMAPs?

Answer: But some people are sensitive to them. FODMAPs draw water into your digestive tract, which could make you bloated. If you eat too much of them, they can hang around in your gut and ferment.


Question: What types of carbs are FODMAPs?

Answer: These types of carbs are FODMAPs: Fructose: Fruits, honey, high-fructose corn syrup, agave Lactose: Dairy Fructans: Wheat, onions, garlic Galactans: Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and soybeans Polyols: Sugar alcohols and fruits that have pits or seeds, such as apples, avocados, cherries, figs, peaches, or plums Avoiding FODMAPs doesn't help everyone.


Question: How can I figure out what FODMAP foods I can eat and which I can't?

Answer: Once your tummy calms down, you can bring back foods one at a time at a rate of one item per week. You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them.


Question: Which foods are high in FODMAP?

Answer: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.


Question: What is the goal of a FODMAP diet?

Answer: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.


Question: Which foods are low in FODMAP?

Answer: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.


Question: Who can help me figure out a diet plan to help my IBS?

Answer: So it's a good idea to work with a gastroenterologist and a dietitian who can help you limit FODMAPs with a balanced diet that meets all your nutritional needs. For instance, maybe dairy is a problem, but grains are OK for you.


Question: What is it like if you're considering a low-FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If FODMAPs are the culprit, you'll probably start to feel better quickly. You'll have many foods you can eat on this diet, but there's a steep learning curve about which foods are high in FODMAPs and what you could choose instead. You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them.


Question: What are FODMAPs?

Answer: Never heard of FODMAPs? They are a type of carb. But this is not your typical low-carb diet. For most people, FODMAPs are not a problem unless you eat too much of them. FODMAPs draw water into your digestive tract, which could make you bloated. If you eat too much of them, they can hang around in your gut and ferment.


Question: What is a FODMAP diet and how does it treat IBS?

Answer: The diet only limits carbs that are "fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols." These types of carbs are FODMAPs: Fructose: Fruits, honey, high-fructose corn syrup, agave Lactose: Dairy Fructans: Wheat, onions, garlic Galactans: Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and soybeans Polyols: Sugar alcohols and fruits that have pits or seeds, such as apples, avocados, cherries, figs, peaches, or plums Avoiding FODMAPs doesn't help everyone. But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.


Question: How can you eat better if you have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Aim for progress, not perfection. You don't have to give up your favorite foods completely. Just account for the calories and carbs. Set the setbacks aside. Tell yourself, â I can get back on track,â and the possibilities open back up.


Question: When should I see a doctor about dry eyes after LASIK?

Answer: And that can lead to dry eye. But call your doctor immediately if you feel severe pain or if your vision or other symptoms get worse instead of better.


Question: How long will I have dry eyes after LASIK?

Answer: Dry eye is the most common complication for LASIK. About 95% of people report dry eye symptoms just after the procedure. For most people, dry eye symptoms are most noticeable in the months right after surgery.


Question: Why does LASIK cause dry eyes?

Answer: Dry eye is the most common complication for LASIK. About 95% of people report dry eye symptoms just after the procedure. Researchers don't fully understand why this happens, but they have some ideas. The surgery can cause some corneal nerve damage. During the procedure, the surgeon reshapes your cornea by removing some of the tissue under it. In the process, the surgeon cuts some of the nerves in your cornea. That doesn't affect your vision. But it may break down the communication between your cornea and the tear glands for a while. This usually returns to normal quickly. Another possible cause is inflammation from the surgery. Also, the new shape of your cornea may change the way your eyelid interacts with the surface of your eye. That may affect blinking or tear production. And that can lead to dry eye.


Question: What foods are rich in vitamin C?

Answer: What to eat: Citrus fruits -- oranges, grapefruit, tangerines -- are what most people think of. But bell peppers, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts have even more. Leafy greens and berries are also good sources.


Question: Is vitamin K important if I take the blood thinner warfarin?

Answer: What else you need to know: People who take the blood thinner warfarin need to eat a steady amount of vitamin K to make sure their medication keeps working right. Talk to your doctor about what that means for you.


Question: What are the two forms of vitamin A?

Answer: What to eat: There are basically two forms of this vitamin -- retinoids and carotenoids -- and they have different jobs in your body. Retinol is in animal products, including milk, liver, and certain fortified foods. Beta-carotene is what gives orange vegetables and some fruits -- sweet potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, papaya -- their hue. Spinach and other dark-green, leafy veggies also have a lot.


Question: Does vitamin E raise your risk of bleeding?

Answer: What else you need to know: You'll have a higher chance of bleeding if you're taking a blood thinner medicine like warfarin ( Coumadin) or daily aspirin and vitamin E supplements. Doctors don't recommend taking it if you're getting chemotherapy or radiation for cancer.


Question: Should I take more vitamin C?

Answer: What else you need to know: Your body can only handle so much vitamin C daily, so taking a lot doesn't really make a difference. And high doses may cause tummy troubles. It's more important to eat a mix of vegetables and fruits every day. If you're being treated for cancer or you're taking a statin drug for high cholesterol, don't take a supplement until you've talked to your doctor about it.


Question: What can happen if I take too much vitamin B6?

Answer: What else you need to know: Overdoing B6 supplements can cause skin sores, a sensitivity to light, nausea, and heartburn. If you take too much for more than a year, you could have problems with your nerves and lose control of movements.


Question: What is homocysteine?

Answer: The trio of B6, folate ( B9), and B12 can lower your levels of homocysteine, a protein that's linked to a greater risk for heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. But we can't say for sure that lowering homocysteine will also lower your risk for disease.


Question: How is vitamin D linked to inflammatory diseases?

Answer: Too little has been linked to inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. But it's unclear whether raising D levels will stave off these illnesses or prevent some age-related diseases. In the lab, this vitamin shows a significant anti-inflammatory effect on cells. There's also some evidence that D can lessen the ongoing pain from inflammation.


Question: What are the types of cholesterol?

Answer: Cholesterol is a kind of fat in your blood. It's often called "bad" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol because it carries LDL cholesterol back to your liver, where it's broken down to be flushed out.


Question: How does testosterone affect cholesterol levels?

Answer: But higher testosterone can lead to lower levels of "good" cholesterol in healthy men between the ages of 20 and 50. Researchers haven't seen that happen in older men who take testosterone supplements, though. But other studies suggest that some men might be more likely to have heart trouble if they take testosterone supplements.


Question: What is testosterone and is it linked to cholesterol?

Answer: It helps control growth and development and is linked to sex drive, muscle, and bone mass. Researchers are studying the idea that it's also linked to cholesterol in some way. Some think it might help prevent heart disease, but there's no proof of that yet. The bottom line is that more study is needed for doctors to better understand the risks and benefits of using testosterone supplements.


Question: How can diabetes cause secondary bedwetting?

Answer: Diabetes: People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body increases urine output to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to urinate frequently is a common symptom of diabetes.


Question: What role does genetics play in bedwetting?

Answer: Bedwetting does tend to run in families. Many children who wet the bed have a parent who did too. Most of these children stop bedwetting on their own at about the same age their parent did.


Question: Why does my child wet the bed?

Answer: While bedwetting can be a symptom of an underlying disease, a large majority of children who wet the bed have no underlying disease that explains their bedwetting. In fact, an underlying condition is identified in only about 1% of children who routinely wet the bed. That does not mean that the child who wets the bed can control it or is doing it on purpose. Children who wet are not lazy, willful, or disobedient. Bedwetting is most often a developmental issue.


Question: How can a urinary tract infection cause secondary bedwetting?

Answer: Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection: The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with urination, a stronger urge to urinate (urgency), and frequent urination (frequency). Urinary tract infections in children may indicate another problem, such as an anatomical abnormality.


Question: How can structural or anatomical abnormalities cause secondary bedwetting?

Answer: Structural or anatomical abnormality: An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in urination can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.


Question: What are the types of bedwetting?

Answer: Primary means bedwetting that has been ongoing since early childhood without a break. A child with primary bedwetting has never been dry at night for any significant length of time. Secondary bedwetting is bedwetting that starts up after the child has been dry at night for a significant period of time, at least 6 months. Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem.


Question: What allergy or cold medications should I avoid if I have high blood pressure?

Answer: Don't take decongestants unless your doctor tells you otherwise. They may raise your blood pressure. They also keep some high blood pressure drugs from working the way they should. Be careful, because many allergy medications contain antihistamines and a decongestant. Ask your pharmacist to check the ingredients for you.


Question: What should I do if my pet is choking?

Answer: If your pet is unconscious, open its mouth and try to clear the object out with your fingers. If the animal is conscious, do a modified Heimlich maneuver. Place the pet on its side, applying pressure right behind the ribs and pressing your hands forward. This may help push the item out. Get someone else to drive to the vet so you can continue to do this on the way.


Question: What should I do if my pet was poisoned?

Answer: But don't panic. Many of these have antidotes. Call the Animal Poison Control hotline at 888-426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at 800-213-6680 immediately. They can probably help you even before you get to the vet. ( Understand, however that there is a fee for the advice.)


Question: What should I do if my pet is having seizures?

Answer: A seizure will generally pass on its own in less than 3 minutes. Your job is to make sure the animal is safe while it's happening. Get any movable furniture away from the pet. Don't put your hands or your face near the animal's mouth, and don't pull its tongue out of the mouth. When the seizure is over, contact your vet.


Question: What should I do if my pet was hit by car?

Answer: An animal in pain is more likely to bite. So muzzle it first with a scarf, belt, or towel, unless it’s vomiting. Get the animal off the road by gently sliding it onto a towel or blanket (these should be in your car's first-aid kit). Don't lift the animal. Make sure it’s warm, as it may be in shock. If it seems to have any broken bones, do your best to not move it too much.


Question: What should I do if my dog is bitten by another dog?

Answer: If another dog bites your pet, get to the clinic as soon as possible. Dog bites can pull a lot of hair and debris into the wound. If it’s not cleaned out soon, it can become infected.


Question: What should I do if my pet has bee and wasp stings?

Answer: If it’s not cleaned out soon, it can become infected. An antihistamine like Benadryl will relieve some of the symptoms, but call your vet to ask how much to give. If you notice any swelling on the face or neck, or hives all over the body, get the animal to the vet right away. This could be a severe anaphylactic reaction -- a definite emergency.


Question: What should I do if my pet is affected by heatstroke?

Answer: If it seems to have any broken bones, do your best to not move it too much. Don't put your hands or your face near the animal's mouth, and don't pull its tongue out of the mouth. You can also gently hose the animal down with cool water, especially the belly, before transporting it to the vet. Do not cool your pet down too quickly as this can be dangerous.


Question: What senses milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: During the first three months, babies have a lot of trouble distinguishing color contrasts, which was why your newborn preferred bright colors and black-and-white objects. Now at four months, baby's vision has sharpened to about 20/40. Babies at this age can pick out more subtle color contrasts, such as a red button on a red shirt. They also can see across the room, although they still prefer looking at people close-up.


Question: What are some tips for your babyâs fourth month?

Answer: Give your baby lots of new textures to explore, such as books like Pat the Bunny and other touch-and-feel board books. Spend at least a few minutes reading or singing to your baby every day. She will love being in your arms and hearing the sound of your voice -- even if you can't carry a tune. Though your baby is not yet crawling and probably isn't even rolling over, it's time to start seriously thinking about childproofing. Put locks on cabinets, snap gates across stairways, and store any cleaning products or other potentially dangerous materials high up and far away from baby's curious fingers.


Question: What should be checked for in your 4-month-old's well-baby visit?

Answer: Here are a few of the items that should be on the checklist for your 4-month well-baby pediatrician visit: Height and weight Milestones Vaccinations Hearing and vision Eating Sleeping Before you go to the doctor's office, make a list of any concerns you have and any questions you want to ask, and then use the list to be sure you get all the information and help you need.


Question: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: Her hands now work together to move a toy or shake a rattle. In fact, those hands will grab for just about anything within reach, including a stuffed animal, your hair, and any colorful or shiny object hanging nearby. By now, your baby's head should no longer be wobbly. Four-month-olds have pretty good head control while sitting supported, and they can hold their head and chest upright while lying on their stomach during tummy time. They also can kick and push with their feet. Some babies have even figured out how to roll from tummy to back at this point.


Question: What growth milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: By your baby's fourth month, you both should be enjoying a full night's sleep. Here are a few of the items that should be on the checklist for your 4-month well-baby pediatrician visit: Height and weight Milestones Vaccinations Hearing and vision Eating Sleeping Before you go to the doctor's office, make a list of any concerns you have and any questions you want to ask, and then use the list to be sure you get all the information and help you need.


Question: What communication milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: They also can see across the room, although they still prefer looking at people close-up. You also may notice that your baby's eyes are starting to change color. When she drops something on the floor, you pick it up. Many babies delight in dropping the same object over and over and over again, just to watch their parents repeatedly pick it up. Babies at this age are learning to be effective communicators. They express themselves through coos, vowel sounds such as ooh and aah, squeals, gurgles, and laughter. You'll notice that your baby can use her face to express a wide range of emotions, from a beaming happy smile, to a crunched-up angry face, to open-mouthed surprise. Your 4-month-old is also starting to learn how to read emotions from your voice and facial expressions.


Question: What eating milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: But depending on your baby's size -- bigger babies may not be satisfied with breast milk or formula alone -- and readiness, your doctor may say it's OK to start solids at four months. Before that first feeding, make sure that your baby has good head and neck control and can sit upright with support. Babies at this age may still have a strong tongue-thrust reflex. If you put a spoon of cereal in your baby's mouth and she pushes it right back out, you may need to wait a week or two before trying solids again.


Question: What sleep milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: By now, your baby's head should no longer be wobbly. Add in two naps, and baby should be sleeping a total of 14 to 16 hours a day. Babies at this age are learning to be effective communicators.


Question: What milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: Babies at this age love to express themselves through smiles, laughs, gurgles, and coos. Your baby is becoming more dexterous and doing more with her hands.


Question: How is the drug methotrexate used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It can slow down progressive forms of MS and may put off problems in your shoulders, arms, and hands. One study showed that it was safe to use for at least 3 to 6 years.


Question: How is the drug simvastatin (Zocor) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's typically used for high cholesterol, but it shows promise in slowing brain shrinkage from secondary progressive MS. And it's considered safe with few side effects.


Question: How is the drug amantadine (Symmetrel) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.


Question: How is the drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: Doctors sometimes recommend it for progressive forms of MS, but results have been mixed. It may slow down your disease and help with symptoms, but it can also come with side effects like nausea and vomiting that can be tough for some people.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Your best bet is to talk it through carefully with your doctor. Ask questions like: What studies show the drug works for MS? What are the side effects and risks for someone with MS? Are there clinical trials I could join?


Question: How is the drug pregabalin (Lyrica) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: This is another option for treating pain from MS. It looks to be safe with few side effects.


Question: How is the drug duloxetine (Cymbalta, Irenka) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.


Question: How long can you use off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: It depends on a lot of things like the dose, other conditions you have, and other medicines you take. For some drugs, there may not be enough research to know. New studies come out all the time, so check with your doctor.


Question: What are the risks of taking off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Over the years, doctors have prescribed everything from cancer drugs to acne medicine to help with MS. Your doctor might suggest going off-label if approved drugs aren't safe for you. A cancer drug doesn't get tested in someone with MS to see if it acts any differently or to check which dose works best. So there's some extra risk there. That said, many off-label meds for MS often have at least some research behind them. When studies show off-label drugs work for MS, they tend to have fewer risks. What are the side effects and risks for someone with MS?


Question: When will your insurance pay for off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: You may be surprised to find that the medicine is "off-label," which means it isn't approved to treat MS. Is that a good idea, you wonder? New studies come out all the time, so check with your doctor. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.


Question: What should you know about off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: It depends on a lot of things like the dose, other conditions you have, and other medicines you take. If that happens, you may be able to get your doctor to write a letter for you that shows what MS studies have been done with the drug. It may slow down your disease and help with symptoms, but it can also come with side effects like nausea and vomiting that can be tough for some people. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.


Question: How is the drug rituximab (Rituxan) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: A cancer drug doesn't get tested in someone with MS to see if it acts any differently or to check which dose works best. This drug may cut down on your relapses and slow down the disease.


Question: How is the drug cladribine (Leustatin) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS. This drug may cut down on your relapses and slow down the disease.


Question: When should you try off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: You might have allergies to some medicines or find that side effects hit you too hard. Or you might have another condition that means you need to avoid certain medications. In other cases, you might have tried the standard medications and found they didn't get the job done. Your doctor may suggest it to treat pain and depression from MS.


Question: How is the drug mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: If you use it for more than 10 years or take more than 600 grams over your lifetime, it may raise your risk of cancer. It can slow down relapsing-remitting MS and cut back on relapses.


Question: How is the drug azathioprine (Imuran) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: Over the years, doctors have prescribed everything from cancer drugs to acne medicine to help with MS. It can cut the number of relapses you get and keep your MS from getting worse. If you use it for more than 10 years or take more than 600 grams over your lifetime, it may raise your risk of cancer.


Question: Are there hidden dangers if you're allergic to shellfish?

Answer: Similarly, there is a potential for cross contamination at your grocery store's fish counter, so make sure you instruct the counter worker to use different utensils to handle your fresh fish order. Watch for hidden trouble. Fish stock and flavorings like fish sauce (common in Asian dishes) may include fish protein. Some makers add shellfish to imitation meat, like mock crabmeat, for flavoring. Stay out of the kitchen. You might be sensitive to a protein that's released into the air when shellfish is cooked. Avoid steam tables, grills, or stove tops when it's being prepared.


Question: If I'm allergic to shellfish, how can I prevent cross contamination?

Answer: If shellfish is on the menu, tell the server about your allergy. Ask him to make sure the kitchen staff uses separate utensils and work surfaces to make your food. Similarly, there is a potential for cross contamination at your grocery store's fish counter, so make sure you instruct the counter worker to use different utensils to handle your fresh fish order.


Question: Is it okay to smoke while I'm trying to conceive?

Answer: Stop smoking. Smoking can make it harder to get pregnant, and it poses risks to the fetus.


Question: Do you have to update your vaccines before becoming pregnant?

Answer: Your doctor might test for illnesses such as: Rubella, or German measles immunity Chickenpox immunity HIV Hepatitis B immunity Herpes Other STDs (such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Thyroid problems (with a TSH test) Other conditions, such as toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B19 (also called fifth disease) Finally, depending on your ethnicity, your doctor may recommend genetic tests for: Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia (an inherited form of anemia) Genetic diseases common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, such as Tay- Sachs disease If it's time for you to update your vaccines, it's important to do so before you are pregnant. A few specific vaccinations, such as the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella), varicella (the virus that causes chickenpox), or hepatitis A vaccines increase the risk of birth defects. Experts advise that you wait at least 28 days after receiving some of these vaccinations before trying to conceive.


Question: Is it okay to drink while I'm trying to conceive?

Answer: Prior to conception, you and your doctor will need to discuss all medications you are taking, including any over the counter medications.


Question: What should I consider before getting pregnant?

Answer: Having a child will affect everything in your life -- your career, your finances, and your relationship with your spouse or partner, among other things. Nine months can be a pretty short time to figure all of those issues out, so your doctor may be able to give some advice that will help get you ready. Your doctor may also suggest preconception classes at a local hospital if they're available.


Question: What genetic tests might your doctor recommend during a pre-pregnancy checkup?

Answer: Your doctor might test for illnesses such as: Rubella, or German measles immunity Chickenpox immunity HIV Hepatitis B immunity Herpes Other STDs (such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Thyroid problems (with a TSH test) Other conditions, such as toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B19 (also called fifth disease) Finally, depending on your ethnicity, your doctor may recommend genetic tests for: Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia (an inherited form of anemia) Genetic diseases common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, such as Tay- Sachs disease If it's time for you to update your vaccines, it's important to do so before you are pregnant.


Question: Should I see my doctor before trying to get pregnant?

Answer: But a doctor can help even at an early stage. He or she may run tests to make sure that you and your partner don't have any hidden illnesses that could affect your pregnancy or your chances of becoming pregnant. Your doctor can also give you advice about exercise, eating, lifestyle and folic acid supplement. Some studies show that preconception care can increase your chances of becoming pregnant and reduce the risks of miscarriage or birth defects.


Question: Can taking folic acid help you conceive?

Answer: Folic acid, which naturally occurs in leafy green vegetables and artificially in fortified flour and rice products, has been shown to lower the risk of certain birth defects. Experts recommend that in addition to a good diet, you should take a multivitamin with folic acid daily for three months before pregnancy and continue throughout your pregnancy. If you've had a previous pregnancy in which the fetus had birth defects of the brain and spinal cord, your doctor will probably recommend a higher dose of 4 mg of folic acid daily.


Question: What can you expect during a pre-pregnancy checkup?

Answer: Your doctor will want to start a pre-pregnancy checkup by getting a full medical history from both you and your partner. He or she may also want to run a number of tests -- such as blood tests and a Pap smear -- to make sure that neither of you have any medical conditions that could affect pregnancy or your chances of conceiving.


Question: What illnesses might your doctor test for in a pre-pregnancy checkup?

Answer: Your doctor might test for illnesses such as: Rubella, or German measles immunity Chickenpox immunity HIV Hepatitis B immunity Herpes Other STDs (such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) Thyroid problems (with a TSH test) Other conditions, such as toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B19 (also called fifth disease) Finally, depending on your ethnicity, your doctor may recommend genetic tests for: Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia (an inherited form of anemia) Genetic diseases common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, such as Tay- Sachs disease If it's time for you to update your vaccines, it's important to do so before you are pregnant.


Question: If I'm pregnant, what can I do to check if my child has cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: If you're pregnant, a follow-up genetic test can show if the fetus has CF. There are two types of tests: Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS): This checks cells from the placenta. It's done after 9 weeks of pregnancy, usually between the 10th and 12th weeks. Amniocentesis : This test uses cells from the amniotic fluid. You can get it between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy.


Question: Does a child need to inherit flawed genes from both parents in order to get cystic fibrosis?

Answer: To have CF, a child needs to inherit two flawed copies of the CFTR gene -- one from each parent. A child with only one copy is called a âcarrier.â That means he doesn't have the disease, but he can pass the gene on to his children.


Question: What causes cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: Cystic fibrosis ( CF) is a serious disease that runs in families. It's caused by a gene that doesn't work properly. Genetic tests can tell if you have this faulty gene.


Question: How are genetic tests used to help patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Answer: They can diagnose CF, or help your doctor prescribe a treatment. Genetic tests can also tell you your chances of having a child with the disease.


Question: Can cystic fibrosis (CF) genetic testing help in family planning?

Answer: Doctors offer genetic, or carrier, testing to all couples who are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. This panel screen allows you to find out your chances of having a child with CF. It may help you make decisions when planning your family.


Question: If my partner and I are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, what are the odds of having a child with the disease?

Answer: If both of you are carriers, there's a 25% chance that your child will have CF.


Question: How is a genetic test for cystic fibrosis (CF) done?

Answer: Genetic material, called DNA, is in your cells. Your doctor will take some of your cells by either drawing blood or gently swabbing the inside of your cheek. He'll send the sample to a lab. There, scientists will look for changes (mutations) to a gene called CFTR.


Question: What is chondromalacia?

Answer: Chondromalacia refers to a softening of the cartilage under the kneecap (patella). It is a common cause of deep knee pain and stiffness in younger women and can be associated with pain and stiffness after prolonged sitting and climbing stairs or hills. While treatment with anti-inflammatory medications, ice packs, and rest can help, long-term relief is best achieved by strengthening exercises for the muscles of the front of the thigh.


Question: What diseases and conditions can cause knee pain?

Answer: Pain can occur in the knee from diseases or conditions that involve the knee joint, the soft tissues and bones surrounding the knee, or the nerves that supply sensation to the knee area. The knee joint is commonly affected by rheumatic diseases, immune diseases that affect various tissues of the body including the joints.


Question: How do you treat bursitis of the knee?

Answer: Bursitis is generally treated with ice packs, immobilization, and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or aspirin and may require local injections of corticosteroids (cortisone medication) as well as exercise therapy to develop the musculature of the front of the thigh.


Question: What do the collateral and cruciate ligaments of the knee do?

Answer: These ligaments provide stability and strength to the knee joint. Ligaments within the knee (cruciate ligaments) and on the inner and outer sides of the knee (collateral ligaments) stabilize the joint.


Question: What are surgical methods to repair injured knee ligaments?

Answer: These procedures can be done by either open knee surgery or arthroscopic surgery (described in the section below). The decision to perform various types of surgery depends on the level of damage to the ligaments and the activity expectations of the patient. Surgical repair of ligament injury can involve suturing, grafting, and synthetic graft repair.


Question: Is it important to exercise if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you have joint pain and stiffness, you may not want to exercise. But stay as active as possible. It actually helps to lessen your symptoms and prevent long-term problems.


Question: How can I lower my stress level with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Dealing with RA can be stressful, but there are lots of ways you can lower your stress level: Talk with your doctor or nurse. They may suggest counseling or have other ideas to help with your stress. Take time to rest during the day. Balancing activity and rest is an important part of self-care for RA. Try to relax. Simple deep breathing can make you feel better. Learn special techniques like yoga and meditation. They may help you relax. Get support from friends, family, and co-workers. Join a class or support group. There may be arthritis programs in your area. You can connect with others who have RA online or on social media.


Question: Will rheumatoid arthritis medication cause weight loss?

Answer: You may also have weight loss from RA or from some medicines you take. If you've lost weight, make sure you tell your doctor. If you need help with your diet, your doctor may recommend that you see a nutritionist or dietician.


Question: What types of medical professionals can help me exercise with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Physical therapists ( PT) and occupational therapists ( OT) can teach you how to stay active in a way that both helps and protects your joints. Ask your doctor about seeing someone who specializes in RA.


Question: Do special diets help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Although there have been many studies about diet and rheumatoid arthritis, there is no strong proof that a special diet helps.


Question: How can I take care of myself if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Taking care of yourself is a big part of RA treatment. It includes activity and exercise, diet and weight management, and stress reduction. Take medicine as directed. Always tell your doctor about any side effects. Try and remember all your appointments -- they're important. Use your calendar, day planner, or smartphone to remind you.


Question: What should I do if I have a lot of pain from my rheumatoid arthritis when I exercise?

Answer: When you have joint pain and stiffness, you may not want to exercise. Dealing with RA can be stressful, but there are lots of ways you can lower your stress level: Talk with your doctor or nurse.


Question: Are there some ways I can treat rheumatoid arthritis on my own?

Answer: Your doctor will work with you to help ease your symptoms with medicine and other treatments. There may be arthritis programs in your area.


Question: How soon before I travel should I get a hepatitis A vaccine?

Answer: As an adult, you should get the shot if you: Travel to Africa, Asia (except Japan), the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of the Caribbean Use recreational drugs Are in the military Work in a day care center, nursing home, or you're a health care professional Are a man who has sex with men Have long-term liver disease Take blood products to treat hemophilia or other conditions If you're planning a trip to a place where there are outbreaks of hepatitis A, keep in mind that the vaccine only starts to work 2 to 4 weeks after you get it. And if you want long-term protection, you'll need a follow-up shot 6 to 12 months later. If you didn't get your hepatitis A vaccine a month before you travel, you may be able to get a shot of hepatitis A immune globulin before you leave. This may prevent hepatitis A infection if you get it within 2 weeks before or after you come into contact with the virus.


Question: How can I prevent hepatitis C?

Answer: Don't use someone else's needle if you inject illicit drugs. If you think you may have been infected with hepatitis B and you never had a vaccine, let your doctor know. You may be able to prevent an infection if you get a hepatitis B immune globulin shot. If you think you may have picked picked up hepatitis B through sex, you'll need to get this shot within 14 days.


Question: What is amenorrhea?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If your doctor says you have âamenorrhea,â it means that you aren't getting your periods, although you've been through puberty, aren't pregnant, and haven't gone through menopause. It's not about having irregular periods. If you have amenorrhea, you never get your period. Although it's not a disease, you should tell your doctor about it, because it might be a symptom of a medical condition that can be treated.


Question: What are the two types of amenorrhea?

Answer: There are two types of amenorrhea: Primary amenorrhea. This is when a young woman has not had her first period by the age of 16. Secondary amenorrhea. This is when a woman who has had normal menstrual cycles stops getting her monthly period for 3 or more months.


Question: What are the causes of primary amenorrhea?

Answer: Many things could cause amenorrhea. Possible causes of primary amenorrhea (when a woman never gets her first period) include: Failure of the ovaries Problems in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) or the pituitary gland (a gland in the brain that makes the hormones involved in menstruation) Problems with reproductive organs In many cases, doctors don't know why a girl never gets her first period. Common causes of secondary amenorrhea (when a woman who has had normal periods stops getting them) include: Pregnancy Breastfeeding Stopping the use of birth control Menopause Some birth control methods, such as Depo- Provera or certain types of intrauterine devices ( IUDs) Other causes of secondary amenorrhea include: Stress Poor nutrition Depression Certain prescription drugs Extreme weight loss Over-exercising Ongoing illness Sudden weight gain or being very overweight (obesity) Hormonal imbalance due to polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS) Thyroid gland disorders Tumors on the ovaries or brain (rare) A woman who has had her uterus or ovaries removed will also stop menstruating.


Question: What causes secondary amenorrhea?

Answer: Common causes of secondary amenorrhea (when a woman who has had normal periods stops getting them) include: Pregnancy Breastfeeding Stopping the use of birth control Menopause Some birth control methods, such as Depo- Provera or certain types of intrauterine devices ( IUDs) Other causes of secondary amenorrhea include: Stress Poor nutrition Depression Certain prescription drugs Extreme weight loss Over-exercising Ongoing illness Sudden weight gain or being very overweight (obesity) Hormonal imbalance due to polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS) Thyroid gland disorders Tumors on the ovaries or brain (rare) A woman who has had her uterus or ovaries removed will also stop menstruating.


Question: How can doctors tell how much pain a child is in?

Answer: The most difficult task involved in treating pain in children is obtaining an objective and accurate measurement of the pain. In general, there are three ways in which doctors can assess the level of pain a child is feeling: Self-reported measures of pain: Doctors may ask children to rate their pain on a scale of 1-10 or show pictures that reflect different emotions and ask them which best illustrates how they are feeling. Behavioral measures of pain: Doctors will evaluate the child's motor responses, facial expressions, crying and behavior (for example, sleep-wake patterns). Physiologic measures of pain: Doctors measure blood pressure and pulse changes, as well as take note of palm sweating.


Question: What medications are used to treat pain in children?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription strength nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil). Aspirin should not be used in children under the age of 19 unless instructed by your doctor, as it can cause Reye's syndrome if used during or after a viral or fever-causing illness. Antidepressants: Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA): Children who are four to six years old may be able to use PCA with the help of a parent or nurse. Pain medication is injected into the epidural space of the spinal cord.


Question: What are side effects of hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis?

Answer: These reactions generally are mild and do not last long. You should not take this product if you have had an allergic reaction to hyaluronan products in the past. Corticosteroid Injections Name How It's Given Methylprednisolone acetate 1 injection (can be repeated every 3 months, but should be limited as much as possible; no more than 4 times a year) Triamcinolone 1 injection (can be repeated every 3 months, but should be limited as much as possible) * Relief from higher doses may last 16 to 24 weeks. Side effects include short-term pain flare-up, flushing of the face, thinning of skin or fat near the injection site, and risk of serious allergic reaction.


Question: When should I avoid both types of injections for osteoarthritis?

Answer: For Both Types of Injections You should not have an injection into the knee if you have a knee joint infection or skin diseases or infections around the injection site.


Question: Where can I get folic acid to keep my hair healthy?

Answer: You can get folic acid with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits and tomatoes. Whole-grain and fortified-grain products, beans, and lentils also have it.


Question: Does your diet affect your hair?

Answer: If you're not getting certain nutrients from food, you might see the effects in your hair.


Question: Which foods has vitamin B6 that can help keep my hair healthy?

Answer: Foods with B6 include bananas, potatoes (both white and sweet), and spinach.


Question: How can foods that are rich in omega-3 keep my hair healthy?

Answer: You should eat some of these foods, which are rich in omega-3, every day: Salmon, tuna, mackerel, and other fatty fish Flaxseed oil Walnuts and almonds Vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid are also important to your hair.


Question: How can medical care affect risk of heart disease in people with diabetes?

Answer: Some people with diabetes need to take medicine to lower their blood pressure or improve their cholesterol levels. Your doctor may recommend that you take a daily low-dose aspirin to protect against heart disease. Be sure to keep up with your medical care. Go to all your appointments and let your doctor know how you're doing. Together, you can work toward a healthier heart.


Question: Can exercise lower my risk for heart disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: Nearly everyone with diabetes can benefit from getting more exercise. It's good for your heart and helps control your blood sugar. Even brisk walking counts, so you don't need a gym. If you're not active now, let your doctor know you want to get started. She can let you know what's safe for you to do.


Question: What information do I need to manage my heart health if I have diabetes?

Answer: Besides diabetes, do you also have: A waist that's larger than 35 inches in women or 40 inches in men? Low levels of "good" ( HDL) cholesterol? High levels of "bad" ( LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides (another type of fat in the blood)? High blood pressure? Even borderline elevated at 130/85 If you're not sure, your doctor can check all those numbers for you. Also, do you: Smoke? Have a family member with heart disease? Eat a diet high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugars? Your doctor needs that information to work with you on a plan for better heart health.


Question: What kinds of heart diseases are people with diabetes at risk for?

Answer: People with diabetes are at risk for: Coronary artery disease. Your coronary arteries are in your heart. Fatty deposits, called plaques, can narrow them. If plaque suddenly breaks, it can cause a heart attack. Exercise, eating a healthy diet, and not smoking are musts. It could be from coronary artery disease or from the diabetes. It can be dangerous and fatal, so aggressive management and follow up is essential Congestive heart failure. This is an ongoing condition in which the heart loses the ability to pump blood effectively. The main symptoms are shortness of breath when you're moving and leg swelling. Many people have both conditions.


Question: How can exercise affect risk of heart disease in people with diabetes?

Answer: Nearly everyone with diabetes can benefit from getting more exercise. It's good for your heart and helps control your blood sugar. Even brisk walking counts, so you don't need a gym. If you're not active now, let your doctor know you want to get started. She can let you know what's safe for you to do.


Question: What are signs that you have a high risk for heart disease if you have diabetes?

Answer: Many people with diabetes also have heart disease. When you do things to take care of your diabetes, like manage your blood sugar, exercise, and eat a healthy diet, that's also good for your heart. Besides diabetes, do you also have: A waist that's larger than 35 inches in women or 40 inches in men? Low levels of "good" ( HDL) cholesterol? High levels of "bad" ( LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides (another type of fat in the blood)? High blood pressure? If you smoke, it's time to quit. Go to all your appointments and let your doctor know how you're doing.


Question: Can I prevent heart disease if I have diabetes?

Answer: When you do things to take care of your diabetes, like manage your blood sugar, exercise, and eat a healthy diet, that's also good for your heart. Many people have both conditions.


Question: What does diabetes do to my heart disease risk?

Answer: When you do things to take care of your diabetes, like manage your blood sugar, exercise, and eat a healthy diet, that's also good for your heart. Many people have both conditions.


Question: What are potential side effects of Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Potential side effects of levonorgestrel include: nausea abdominal pain fatigue headache menstrual changes dizziness breast tenderness vomiting If you vomit within two hours after taking the drug, call a healthcare professional to find out if you should repeat the dose.


Question: Does Plan B One-Step cause a miscarriage or abortion?

Answer: Levonorgestrel is not the same as RU-486, which is an abortion pill. It does not cause a miscarriage or abortion. In other words, it does not stop development of a fetus once the fertilized egg implants in the uterus. So it will not work if you are already pregnant when you take it.


Question: How safe is Plan B One-Step?

Answer: But it's a good idea to ask your doctor about possible interactions with other medications. Levonorgestrel is considered safe for most women. You should not take it if you are pregnant because it will not end the pregnancy.


Question: When shouldn't you take Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Do not take levonorgestrel if: You know you are pregnant or suspect you might be. You have a history of allergy or hypersensitivity to its ingredients. You have a history of recent abnormal vaginal bleeding that your doctor has not yet evaluated.


Question: Who can take Plan B One-Step?

Answer: You can take levonorgestrel if: You didn't use any birth control. The condom came off or broke. The diaphragm slipped out of place. You missed at least two or three active birth control pills in a row. You forgot to insert your ring or apply your patch. Your partner didn't pull out in time. You have another reason to think your birth control might not have worked. You were forced to have sex. Remember: levonorgestrel will not protect you from getting pregnant if you have sex after taking the pills. Instead, you need to take it right after you have unprotected sex.


Question: How effective is Plan B One-Step?

Answer: If you take it within 72 hours after you've had unprotected sex, levonorgestrel can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89%. If you take Plan B One- Step within 24 hours, it is about 95% effective. But you should know that Plan B One- Step is not as effective as regular contraception. So don't take it as your main form of birth control. And, it does not protect you against sexually transmitted diseases. Think of it as a backup -- not for routine use. That's why it's called Plan B. Levonorgestrel can be purchased over the counter at drugstores without a prescription or proof of age.


Question: When should you call a doctor about Plan B One-Step?

Answer: Potential side effects of levonorgestrel include: nausea abdominal pain fatigue headache menstrual changes dizziness breast tenderness vomiting If you vomit within two hours after taking the drug, call a healthcare professional to find out if you should repeat the dose.


Question: How does Plan B One-Step work?

Answer: Depending upon where you are in your cycle, levonorgestrel may work in one of these ways: It may prevent or delay ovulation. It may interfere with fertilization of an egg. It is also possible that this type of emergency birth control prevents implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus by altering its lining.


Question: What is Plan B One-Step?

Answer: But you don't have to wait until the morning after sex to take it. In fact, levonorgestrel is more effective the sooner you take it. It is a one-dose regimen: you take one pill. The pill contains 1.5 milligrams of levonorgestrel, which is used in lower doses in many birth control pills. If you take it within 72 hours after you've had unprotected sex, levonorgestrel can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89%. But you should know that Plan B One- Step is not as effective as regular contraception.


Question: What are the effects of severe low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: In severe cases, the disease causes scar tissue to grow on the liver, a condition called cirrhosis.


Question: How can liver transplant help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: Some children get cirrhosis by age 10 or older and may be more likely to get liver cancer. If this happens, your doctor may suggest a liver transplant. A successful transplant can greatly ease the symptoms and complications of low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis. However, there can be a long wait for a liver to become available. After surgery, your child will need to take drugs to keep the body from rejecting the new organ.


Question: What causes low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: If your child has the disorder, a gene that helps form the liver carries faulty instructions. When that happens, bile can't flow through your child's liver, leading to a condition called cholestasis. One of the signs is that his body doesn't make enough of a chemical called gamma-glutamyl transferase, or gamma- GT for short, that helps digestion.


Question: How common is low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: It happens to about 1 in every 50,000 to 100,000 children.


Question: What are non-surgery treatments for low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: There's no single treatment for low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis, but there are a variety of steps that can ease the symptoms and slow down the liver damage that happens as the condition goes on. Small children may get special formula that has a form of fat that's easier for the body to absorb. Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease.


Question: How can surgery help with treating low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: Drugs that ease symptoms like long-term itching Vitamin supplements that help replace nutrients the liver doesn't store on its own Your doctor may suggest surgery to ease symptoms and slow down the disease. In one procedure, doctors use a short section of intestine to make a new duct to let bile drain out of your child's body through an opening in the skin on the belly, called a stoma. This type of surgery, called an external biliary diversion, can work in kids who don't have cirrhosis. In another procedure, a surgeon bypasses a section of the intestine where bile salts get absorbed back into the body and routes it to the colon, the last section of your intestines.


Question: What are symptoms of low gamma-GT intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer: Low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis is a rare liver disease that usually shows up in children. The result can be low gamma- GT intrahepatic cholestasis, which causes bile to build up in liver cells and damage the organ. Other symptoms your child may get are: Jaundice, which causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to look yellow Diarrhea or pale, greasy stool Dark-colored urine Discolored teeth Vitamin deficiencies, especially the vitamins A, D, E, and K Delayed growth Gallstones, which happen when solid particles block a bile duct If your doctor suspects a liver problem in your child, you'll probably get referred to a specialist who knows about liver ailments in children.


Question: What corticosteroids can cause anxiety?

Answer: You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes. They treat conditions like asthma, allergies, arthritis, and bronchitis. Doctors aren't sure why, but these medicines can make some people irritable and anxious. You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain.


Question: What medicines for Parkinsonâs disease can cause anxiety?

Answer: Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's. The extended-release capsule form of this drug ( Rytary) can cause anxiety. Ask your doctor if another medication might be an option. If your meds are causing you problems, ask your doctor about adjusting doses or switching drugs.


Question: What headache or migraine medicines have caffeine in them?

Answer: They include: Some headache and migraine medicines include caffeine. It's a drug that stimulates your nervous system, which can rev up your heart and blood pressure and make you jittery, nervous, and anxious. If you're prone to anxiety, caffeine can heighten your symptoms. You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes.


Question: What asthma medications can cause anxiety?

Answer: Some bronchodilators, medicines that open up airways in your lungs, may also cause anxiety, even if you didn't have it before. They include: Albuterol. It's common for albuterol to cause trembling or shakiness and, less commonly, racing heartbeats. All those can seem like the signs of a panic attack. Salmeterol. Possible side effects include nervousness, sweating, fast heartbeat, and anxiety. Theophylline. This drug has been around for decades, but fewer doctors prescribe it today.


Question: What ADHD drugs can cause anxiety?

Answer: You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain. They also change the way your nerve cells send messages. Both of these things can make you restless and anxious, especially if you're taking high doses. Mood changes are a common side effect of these medications: Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine ( Adderall) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Ritalin) Some of these drugs can make mood disorders worse, such as depression and anxiety.


Question: Can medications for seizures cause anxiety?

Answer: But some drugs target the same parts of your body that play a role in anxiety symptoms. Both of these things can make you restless and anxious, especially if you're taking high doses. But it can cause panic attacks, agitation, and anxiety. Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's.


Question: What seizure drugs can cause anxiety?

Answer: But some drugs target the same parts of your body that play a role in anxiety symptoms. But it can cause panic attacks, agitation, and anxiety. Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's.


Question: What other signs and symptoms can I develop from an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?

Answer: If you have an enlarged spleen, you may develop other signs or symptoms, too. These are related to the underlying disease. They may include signs and symptoms such as: Fatigue Weight loss Frequent infections Easy bleeding Jaundice Anemia Your doctor will ask you questions and do a physical exam to diagnose an enlarged, painful spleen.


Question: How will my doctor diagnose an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?

Answer: They may include signs and symptoms such as: Fatigue Weight loss Frequent infections Easy bleeding Jaundice Anemia Your doctor will ask you questions and do a physical exam to diagnose an enlarged, painful spleen. This involves palpating (examining by touch) your spleen. You will also likely need diagnostic tests to confirm the cause of the swollen spleen. These may include blood tests, an ultrasound, or computerized tomography ( CT) scan. In some cases, other tests may be needed.


Question: Can cancer cause an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?

Answer: Here are some common causes of an enlarged spleen: Infections Viral infections, such as mononucleosis Parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis Bacterial infections, such as endocarditis (an infection of your heart's valves) Cancer Leukemia, a cancer in which white blood cells displace normal blood cells Lymphoma, a cancer of lymph tissue, such as Hodgkin's disease Other causes of an enlarged spleen include: Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis Trauma, such as an injury during contact sports Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the spleen A cyst, a noncancerous fluid-filled sac A large abscess, a pus-filled cavity usually caused by a bacterial infection Infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher disease, amyloidosis, or glycogen storage diseases Most people don't know they have an enlarged spleen because symptoms are rare.


Question: How is an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) treated?

Answer: Here are some common causes of an enlarged spleen: Infections Viral infections, such as mononucleosis Parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis Bacterial infections, such as endocarditis (an infection of your heart's valves) Cancer Leukemia, a cancer in which white blood cells displace normal blood cells Lymphoma, a cancer of lymph tissue, such as Hodgkin's disease Other causes of an enlarged spleen include: Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis Trauma, such as an injury during contact sports Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the spleen A cyst, a noncancerous fluid-filled sac A large abscess, a pus-filled cavity usually caused by a bacterial infection Infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher disease, amyloidosis, or glycogen storage diseases Most people don't know they have an enlarged spleen because symptoms are rare. A ruptured spleen can cause lots of blood loss and be life threatening. It's important to seek treatment for the cause of your enlarged spleen. Left untreated, an enlarged spleen can lead to serious complications. In most cases, treatment of the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen can prevent removal of the spleen. In some cases, the spleen will need to be removed surgically (splenectomy).


Question: What does it mean if you have an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?

Answer: But diseases can cause it to swell and become many times its normal size. Because the spleen is involved in many functions, many conditions may affect it. An enlarged spleen is not always a sign of a problem. When a spleen becomes enlarged, though, it often means it has been doing its job but has become overactive. For example, sometimes the spleen is overactive in removing and destroying blood cells. This is called hypersplenism. It can happen for many reasons, including problems with too many platelets and other disorders of the blood. In most cases, treatment of the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen can prevent removal of the spleen.


Question: What are the symptoms of an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)?

Answer: A doctor usually can't feel it during an exam. These are the most common symptoms of an enlarged spleen: Being unable to eat a large meal. Feeling discomfort, fullness, or pain on the upper left side of the abdomen; this pain may spread to your left shoulder.


Question: What should my triglyceride level be?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend a goal of 150 mg/d L or less. Recently, though, The American Heart Association has suggested a lower level is best for health. That level is less than 100 mg/d L. 3.


Question: How long will I be on medicine for high triglycerides?

Answer: That depends. You may need to take meds indefinitely to keep your triglyceride levels out of the danger zone. Stick with your new healthy habits, and you may be able to work with your doctor to reduce the amount of medicine you take or stop it altogether.


Question: Whatâs the best way to lose weight?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you. Make positive changes, like choosing smaller portions, keeping a food diary, and limiting your snacks. Add physical activity to help boost your metabolism and burn fat.


Question: Why are high triglycerides dangerous?

Answer: They can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke, especially when you have a low level of HDL. They also make you more likely to develop diabetes. Here are some facts to keep in mind: You are on your way to being high risk if your number is between 151 and 200 mg/d L. You have a higher risk of heart disease if your number is above 200 mg/d L. Your doctor may prescribe medicine in addition to other steps you already take if your number is above 500 mg/d L. 4.


Question: What can I do on my own to lower my triglycerides?

Answer: You get some from the food you eat, and your body makes some. If your numbers are very high, you will likely need to take medicine to reach a healthy range. Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you.


Question: What cancer treatments can help me get to remission?

Answer: Different treatments can help you get to remission: Drugs like chemotherapy or targeted therapies Radiation Surgery Hormone therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow or stem-cell therapy You may need to combine two or more treatments to get to remission.


Question: What are the types of cancer remission?

Answer: There are two types: Partial: Treatments have killed off most of your cancer cells, but tests show you still have some in your body. Your tumor has shrunk at least to half of its original size or doesn't grow bigger. Your doctor may also say it's stable. Complete: All signs of your cancer and its symptoms are gone.


Question: Can I combine cancer treatments?

Answer: Different treatments can help you get to remission: Drugs like chemotherapy or targeted therapies Radiation Surgery Hormone therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow or stem-cell therapy You may need to combine two or more treatments to get to remission. You could have surgery to remove a tumor, then take medicine or radiation to kill cancer cells left behind.


Question: Does cancer remission mean that it is gone forever?

Answer: That doesn't mean your cancer is gone forever. You can still have cancer cells somewhere in your body. Regular checkups will help your doctor make sure the disease isn't active again.


Question: What are the side effects and risks of cancer treatment?

Answer: Every cancer treatment has risks and side effects. Some drugs and radiation can lower fertility or make it hard to get pregnant later on. Talk to your doctor to decide which treatments are right for you.


Question: How does maintenance therapy keep my cancer in remission?

Answer: That means you take lower doses of cancer drugs or hormones to keep the disease from coming back. You're still in remission, and these treatments help you stay there.


Question: What does a treatment plan for remission depend on?

Answer: You may be able to stop your treatments once you get there. What's in the plan depends on: Your type of cancer What stage it's in Side effects or risks of each treatment Your age or other health problems If your cancer is in an early stage and hasn't spread to other areas of your body, you might choose aggressive treatment.


Question: What does the treatment for psoriatic arthritis depend on?

Answer: Medications can often help manage psoriatic arthritis, but when they don't, surgery might be an option. Your treatment will depend on how severe your condition is. You may need to try more than one thing before you and your doctor find what works.


Question: When is surgery needed to treat psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Most people with psoriatic arthritis will never need surgery. But when nothing else has worked, surgery can relieve pain, help an affected joint work, and allow you to move more. A procedure called synovectomy removes the diseased lining of a joint. If the damage is very bad, you may need surgery to replace your joint, called arthroplasty. When a joint can't easily be replaced, joint fusion might make it stronger, more stable, and less painful.


Question: How are steroids used to treat psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: These can slow or stop pain, swelling, and joint and tissue damage. You take them by mouth or inject them directly into a joint or muscle. They're not the same as the muscle-building type of anabolic steroids. Prednisone is a common steroid. It can help for a short time, but it might make the skin rash worse. Doctors prescribe steroids only when you really need them. If you use them for a long time, you could have serious side effects such as brittle bones, weight gain, hypertension, and diabetes.


Question: What are the types of motor tics?

Answer: Motor tics can be classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics may include movements such as eye-blinking, nose-twitching, head-jerking, or shoulder-shrugging. Complex motor tics consist of a series of movements performed in the same order. For instance a person might reach out and touch something repeatedly or kick out with one leg and then the other.


Question: Do ADHD medications cause tics?

Answer: Doctors once believed that certain medications, including some used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, induced tics in children that were prone to them. Newer studies, though, suggest this is not the case.


Question: Can Tourette's get better?

Answer: The severity of Tourette's syndrome often changes over time. There may be periods of reduced tic frequency followed by heightened tic activity. Fortunately, many people with Tourette's syndrome find that their condition improves as they get older.


Question: Who gets tics?

Answer: While people of all ages can experience tics, they are most prevalent in children. Experts say that around 25% of children experience tics. And tics are far more likely to affect boys than girls.


Question: What is benign essential blepharospasm?

Answer: Blepharospasm refers to the muscles of one or both eyelids twitching uncontrollably. This often occurs repeatedly over a sustained period of time. In extreme cases, which are rare, benign essential blepharospasm may also involve the eyebrows, mouth, and neck.


Question: How do doctors identify and diagnose tic disorders?

Answer: Doctors use four characteristics to identify and diagnose tic disorders: the age when tics began duration of the tics severity of the tics whether tics are motor or vocal or both Transient tic disorder.


Question: How are tic disorders treated?

Answer: The treatment for tic disorders depends on the severity of the condition. In many instances, no treatment is needed and the tics will resolve on their own. In other cases, doctors may prescribe behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of the two. Behavioral therapy helps people learn to manage their tic symptoms and reduce tic frequency. Medications are typically used to reduce tic frequency and enhance a person's daily life. This usually does not result in the complete remission of tic symptoms.


Question: What are chronic motor or vocal tic disorders?

Answer: While transient tics disappear within a year, chronic tics can last for a year or more. Chronic tic disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more long-lasting tics. They may be either motor or vocal, but not both.


Question: What is a transient tic disorder?

Answer: It affects between 5% and 25% of school-age children. Transient tic disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more tics for at least one month but less than one year. The majority of tics seen in this disorder are motor tics, though vocal tics may also be present. Many children with the disorder experience multiple episodes of the transient tics, which may vary in how they manifest over time.


Question: What are the types of tics?

Answer: Tics. There are two types of tics -- motor tics and vocal tics. These short-lasting sudden movements (motor tics) or uttered sounds (vocal tics) occur suddenly during what is otherwise normal behavior. For instance a person might reach out and touch something repeatedly or kick out with one leg and then the other.


Question: How can removing spinal fluid help with papilledema?

Answer: Removing some spinal fluid often eases the pressure and symptoms. Sometimes, just the fluid needed for testing is enough to make a difference.


Question: What is the link between papilledema and being overweight?

Answer: The exact link to being overweight isn't clear. It's possible that belly fat increases pressure in the chest and starts a chain reaction to the brain.


Question: Can treatment cure papilledema?

Answer: Unless your doctor finds a specific cause and you treat it successfully, papilledema can return.


Question: How can pain relievers help with papilledema?

Answer: You can take a pain reliever for your headaches. Topiramate ( Topamax), used for migraines and seizures, also helps some people lose weight and lowers the pressure inside the skull.


Question: What medications can cause papilledema?

Answer: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH).


Question: How is mild vision loss in papilledema treated?

Answer: For mild vision loss, treatment is usually to lose weight and take a diuretic (water pill) called acetazolamide. This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.


Question: What is the treatment for papilledema?

Answer: If you don't treat it, papilledema can lead to vision loss. For instance, you might need antibiotics for a brain infection, surgery to drain an abscess or remove a tumor, or medicine to dissolve a blood clot. Your doctor may be able to switch a problem medication. Otherwise, your symptoms will likely guide your treatment. With slight papilledema and no symptoms, your doctor might simply keep checking you and do regular testing to spot any vision problems as soon as possible.


Question: How is papilledema diagnosed?

Answer: Papilledema is swelling of your optic disc, the place where the nerve that goes to your brain connects inside your eye. An imaging test, such as an MRI, can provide more details and possibly show what's causing the pressure in your brain. Later on, MRIs can measure how well treatment is working. Your doctor may want you to have a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. This test measures the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid that runs through your brain and spinal cord. Further tests on a sample of this fluid can help diagnose an infection or tumor.


Question: What can untreated papilledema lead to?

Answer: If you don't treat it, papilledema can lead to vision loss. In later stages, your vision can become completely blurred. Some people go blind in one or both eyes.


Question: What causes papilledema?

Answer: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH). This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.


Question: How can losing weight help with papilledema?

Answer: Also, suddenly gaining an additional 5% to 15% of your body weight raises the odds, regardless of your starting weight. If you're having a hard time, ask your doctor if you might be a candidate for weight loss surgery.


Question: What are the symptoms and complications of papilledema?

Answer: Papilledema is swelling of your optic disc, the place where the nerve that goes to your brain connects inside your eye. It's common to have blurred or double vision, and lose your vision for a few seconds at a time. Other symptoms are headache, queasiness, and throwing up. With IIH, some of these symptoms are more noticeable. You could get a headache every day and feel it on both sides of your head. The headaches may not always be the same intensity, but they do get worse as you keep getting them. You might hear throbbing in your head. Some people go blind in one or both eyes.


Question: What is the cure for epilepsy?

Answer: Experts point out that there is no cure for epilepsy and that treating seizures is about controlling them. They also point out that, in children, seizures that are controlled with medication will often go away on their own.


Question: Should you apply cold or heat if you have cervical disc disease?

Answer: Generally, the recommendation is to use ice for the first 24 to 48 hours after an injury to reduce swelling, followed by heat to loosen muscles and improve stiffness. But with cervical disc disease, neither heat nor cold is going to penetrate deeply enough to actually relieve the inflammation, so use whichever feels best. Regardless of whether you choose cold or heat, keep it on for only about 20 minutes at a time and then leave it off for at least 40 minutes. Wrap the ice or heat source in a towel -- never put it directly against your skin or you could wind up with a nasty burn.


Question: How can stretching help with cervical disc disease?

Answer: Once you are feeling well enough and your doctor gives permission, practice stretching exercises to both relieve neck pain and improve your flexibility. It's best to perform these exercises after warming up muscles with a warm shower, bath, or towel.


Question: How is the flu treated in children?

Answer: Your child may also have diarrhea and vomiting. Treatments for flu include fever reducers and good hydration.


Question: How is the flu tested for in children?

Answer: If it's going around during flu season, the doctor may judge the child to have flu simply from observing the classic symptoms such as fever, listlessness, headaches, chills, body aches, sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, and cough. Several rapid diagnostic kits are now available that vary in sensitivity. The tests can be incorrect; your child may have the flu but his test may come back negative. Or, when it is not flu season, the test result can be falsely positive. Your doctor may decide not to do a flu test, because the result will not affect the way you are treated.


Question: What is thyroid cancer?

Answer: The job of your thyroid gland is to make hormones that help your body use energy, stay warm, and control your blood pressure and heart rate. Cancer happens when healthy cells in the gland change and grow out of control.


Question: How does age and gender affect risk of thyroid disease?

Answer: Women are three times more likely to get thyroid cancer than men. You can get it at any age. But women are often diagnosed in their 40s and 50s. Men tend to be older -- in their 60s and 70s -- when they find out they have it. And in men, thyroid cancer grows and spreads more quickly.


Question: Why is thyroid cancer so common?

Answer: On the list of most common cancers in the United States, thyroid cancer ranks fifth, and no other cancer is being diagnosed at a faster rate. One reason for this may be better tests. They allow doctors to find thyroid tumors that were too small to see in the past.


Question: Does having breast cancer increase your risk for thyroid cancer?

Answer: You can get it at any age. And in men, thyroid cancer grows and spreads more quickly. Other genetic problems that increase the risk of thyroid cancer include: Familial medullary thyroid cancer Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Cowden disease Iodine is a mineral found in some foods.


Question: Can thyroid cancer be cured and what causes it?

Answer: On the list of most common cancers in the United States, thyroid cancer ranks fifth, and no other cancer is being diagnosed at a faster rate. Your chances of getting thyroid cancer are higher if your mother, father, brother, sister or child got it.


Question: How is Morton's neuroma in your toes treated?

Answer: Arch supports that you put in your shoe can bring relief. You can buy them over-the-counter, or your doctor may prescribe one that's custom-made. If the pain keeps up, you may need steroid shots or surgery.


Question: What is stiff big toe?

Answer: It's a type of arthritis that leads to pain and stiffness in the joint at the base of your big toe. You're more likely to get it if you're between 30 and 60.


Question: What is gout and how does it affect your toes?

Answer: It's a common cause of pain in the toe. Your big toe is often a place where gout flares up. Besides pain, you may also get redness, swelling, and warmth in the joint.


Question: How is a bone bruise in your toes treated?

Answer: You'll recover on your own after about 1 or 2 months. Your doctor will recommend resting and icing your toe. You can also reduce the swelling if you prop up your foot and take anti-inflammatory drugs. You may need to wear a brace. Eating foods with plenty of calcium, vitamin D, and protein can also help you heal.


Question: What happens if one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under?

Answer: If one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under, you may have hammer, mallet, or claw toe. Your foot has a strange shape because the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that surround your toe aren't balanced. This causes the toes to bend in an odd position. Your toe may hurt. It's also common to develop a corn or callus because the joint rubs the inside of your shoe. Each condition has its own distinctive look: Hammertoe.


Question: How is a broken toe treated?

Answer: Most of the time, you won't need surgery. To help your bone heal, the ends will have to be set in place. You may have to wear a cast, brace, or a stiff-bottomed shoe. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it. The healthy toe acts like a splint to injured one. It usually takes 1 or 2 months to heal.


Question: What is a hammertoe?

Answer: The middle joint of your toe bends downwards. This causes your toe to rise up instead of lying flat. It usually occurs in your second, third, and fourth toes.


Question: What is mallet toe?

Answer: Your toe bends down at the joint closest to the nail. Like hammertoe, it often happens in your second, third, and fourth toes.


Question: What is a claw toe?

Answer: Like the name suggests, your toes make a claw shape. The joint at the base of the toe bends up, while the two other joints bend down. This causes your toe to curl and dig into the soles of your shoes.


Question: How is turf toe treated?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest a home remedy called RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. You'll need to stay off the foot, ice the toe for 20 minutes every 4 hours, wrap it with a medical bandage, and prop up your foot to ease swelling. You may also have to wear a walking boot or stiff-soled shoe to keep from moving the toe.


Question: What is a bone bruise and how does it affect your toe?

Answer: Broken toe. To help your bone heal, the ends will have to be set in place. Bone bruise.


Question: What causes a bone bruise in your toes?

Answer: An injury or disease, such as osteoarthritis, can also lead to the condition. It could be that you stubbed your toe or dropped something heavy on it.


Question: What causes aching toes?

Answer: So if your toe hurts, it can be a big deal. There are a lot of reasons you may have an aching toe. There's always the chance you stubbed it, of course, or banged it up while playing sports. But there are also problems like hammertoe or arthritis that could be to blame. Watch out for some telltale symptoms and check with your doctor to figure out the cause. The pain may get worse when you stand or walk.


Question: What causes Morton's neuroma in your toes?

Answer: Too-tight shoes can crowd your toes, forcing them into a bent position. You can also get it if you play sports where your feet pound the ground, such as running. Wearing high-heels has also been linked to Morton's neuroma. You can get relief from symptoms if you switch to shoes with lower heels and more room for your toes. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it.


Question: What causes hammer toe, mallet toe, and claw toe?

Answer: Too-tight shoes can crowd your toes, forcing them into a bent position. After a while, the muscles tighten and shorten. Pretty soon you can't straighten your toe. You may be more likely to get these problems because of your genes. For instance, your risk goes up if you have a certain foot shape, such as a long second toe. Some diseases, such as arthritis and diabetes, can also lead to trouble. Wearing high-heels has also been linked to Morton's neuroma.


Question: What causes stiff big toe?

Answer: There are a lot of reasons you may have an aching toe. That puts stress on the joint. An injury or disease, such as osteoarthritis, can also lead to the condition. Your genes may also be partly to blame.


Question: What causes turf toe?

Answer: Turf toe. You often get it when you dance or play sports like soccer or football. Stiff big toe. Arthritis can also lead to the injury.


Question: What are treatments for hammer toe, mallet toe, and claw toe?

Answer: Wearing roomy shoes can also help. They should be at least a half-inch longer than the big toe. Your doctor may recommend wearing shoe inserts or pads to relieve some of the pressure. Over time, the bend in your toe may become permanent and rigid. These cases are more serious. You may need surgery. You'll need to stay off the foot, ice the toe for 20 minutes every 4 hours, wrap it with a medical bandage, and prop up your foot to ease swelling. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it.


Question: How can I treat a viral infection of my eye?

Answer: But you can't wear them all the time.


Question: How do I know if I have an eye infection from wearing contact lenses?

Answer: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.


Question: How do I get parasites in my eye?

Answer: Tiny one-celled animals called acanthamoeba live in water, including tap water, swimming pools, and hot tubs. They can infect your eye more easily if you're wearing contacts while you're in the water. If you wear contacts, avoid opening your eyes in a hot tub where this parasite is typically found. They're also the reason you shouldn't use water -- even distilled or bottled water -- to clean and store your contacts. Keratitis caused by these parasites is very hard to treat. You may need a cornea transplant.


Question: How often do people get fungal infections in the eye?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.


Question: What can cause keratitis?

Answer: The herpes simplex virus -- both the kind that causes cold sores and the kind responsible for the STD -- can cause keratitis. You can transfer it if you touch an active herpes sore and then touch your eye. Viruses that cause upper respiratory infections and the chickenpox virus can also infect your cornea.


Question: When should someone stop wearing contact lenses?

Answer: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.


Question: Can I get fungal infections in my eye?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.


Question: What is the most common cold virus that affects eyes?

Answer: But you can't wear them all the time. It's easily spread to your eyes by your hands, and it's stubborn and hard to treat. The herpes simplex virus -- both the kind that causes cold sores and the kind responsible for the STD -- can cause keratitis.


Question: What are some risks for contact lenses wearers?

Answer: People who wear contact lenses have a higher risk for keratitis, an infection of the cornea, the clear outer covering of your eye. They're also called corneal ulcers. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and a rare but serious eye parasite can cause keratitis. It's also easier for you to catch pinkeye, or conjunctivitis, when you wear contacts. These infections come from a bacteria or virus in the thin membrane covering the white part of your eye and the inside of your eyelids. Put them in the case, and bring them when you see your eye doctor. They can infect your eye more easily if you're wearing contacts while you're in the water.


Question: What is pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer: Mild bacterial infections of the eye surface usually clear up after treatment with antibiotic eyedrops. Viruses that cause upper respiratory infections and the chickenpox virus can also infect your cornea. Keep your lens case clean.


Question: Ccan a food allergy be tied to a latex allergy?

Answer: It's called a cross-reaction, and it only happens to some people. If you're sensitive to latex, your body reacts to certain proteins. Some of these proteins are found in foods. But if you're allergic to latex, you may want to be careful around these foods.


Question: How is osteoarthritis of the spine diagnosed?

Answer: The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam to see if the person has pain, tenderness, loss of motion involving the neck or lower back, or if symptoms are suggestive, signs of nerve involvement such as weakness, reflex changes, or loss of sensation. The doctor may order certain tests to aid in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the spine. These tests include: X-rays to look for bone damage, bone spurs, and loss of cartilage or disc; however, X-rays are not able to show early damage to cartilage. Blood tests to exclude other diseases Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to show possible damage to discs or narrowing of areas where spinal nerves exit In most cases, treatment of spinal osteoarthritis is geared toward relieving the symptoms of pain and increasing a person's ability to function.


Question: What are non-drug treatments for osteoarthritis?

Answer: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) using a small device that emits electrical pulses onto the affected area nutritional supplements Pain medications may also be used to treat osteoarthritis.


Question: What is necessary in treatment plans for osteoarthritis?

Answer: Including rest periods in the overall treatment plan is necessary. But bed rest, splints, bracing, or traction for long periods of time is not recommended.


Question: Who gets osteoarthritis of the spine?

Answer: In general, osteoarthritis happens as people get older. Younger people may get it from one of several different causes: injury or trauma to a jointa genetic defect involving cartilage For people younger than age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among men. After age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among women. Osteoarthritis occurs more often among people who are overweight. It also occurs more frequently in those who have jobs or do sports that put repetitive stress on certain joints.


Question: What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the spine?

Answer: Osteoarthritis of the spine may cause stiffness or pain in the neck or back. It may also cause weakness or numbness in the legs or arms if it is severe enough to affect spinal nerves or the spinal cord itself. Usually, the back discomfort is relieved when the person is lying down. Some people experience little interference with the activities of their lives. Others become more severely disabled. In addition to the physical effects, a person with osteoarthritis might also experience social and emotional problems. For instance, a person with osteoarthritis that hinders daily activities and job performance might feel depressed or helpless.