Question: What are common symptoms of a vaginal foreign body?

Answer: Common symptoms of a vaginal foreign body include the following: Vaginal discharge, generally foul-smelling and yellow, pink, or brown Vaginal bleeding, especially light bleeding Vaginal itching or foul odor Discomfort with urination Discomfort due to vaginal discharge producing skin irritation Abdominal or pelvic pain from placement of large objects or perforation of a foreign body into the abdominal cavity Skin redness Swelling of the vagina and its entrance Rash in the vaginal area The presence of a vaginal foreign body may alter the normal bacterial flora of the vagina, resulting in repeated efforts to treat "vaginitis." Vaginal foreign bodies are seen more commonly in children than in adolescent or adult women.


Question: What are vaginal foreign bodies?

Answer: Some objects are designed for use in a woman's vagina. Others are not intended to be inserted and may be placed there accidentally or intentionally. Other common objects include marker caps or crayons. While small objects placed in the vagina may remain for a period of time without symptoms, larger objects may produce pain or discomfort immediately.


Question: What is oily skin type like?

Answer: You may have: Enlarged pores Dull or shiny, thick complexion Blackheads, pimples, or other blemishes Oiliness can change depending upon the time of year or the weather.


Question: What is sensitive skin type like?

Answer: It can show up as: Redness Itching Burning Dryness If your skin is sensitive, try to find out what your triggers are so you can avoid them. There are many possible reasons, but often it's in response to particular skin care products.


Question: What affects your skin type?

Answer: Your type depends on things such as: How much water is in your skin, which affects its comfort and elasticity How oily it is, which affects its softness How sensitive it is Not too dry and not too oily, normal skin has: No or few imperfections No severe sensitivity Barely visible pores A radiant complexion Your skin can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose, forehead, and chin).


Question: What is dry skin type like?

Answer: Combination skin can have: Pores that look larger than normal, because they're more open Blackheads Shiny skin You may have: Almost invisible pores Dull, rough complexion Red patches Your skin is less elastic More visible lines Your skin can crack, peel, or become itchy, irritated, or inflamed. If it's very dry, it can become rough and scaly, especially on the backs of your hands, arms, and legs.


Question: How should you take care of oily skin?

Answer: Things that can cause or worsen it include: Puberty or other hormonal imbalances Stress Heat or too much humidity To take care of oily skin: Wash it no more than twice a day and after you sweat a lot. Use a gentle cleanser and don't scrub. Don't pick, pop, or squeeze pimples. They'll take longer to heal. Look for the word "noncomedogenic" on skin care products and cosmetics. This means it won't clog pores.


Question: What can cause oily skin?

Answer: Things that can cause or worsen it include: Puberty or other hormonal imbalances Stress Heat or too much humidity To take care of oily skin: Wash it no more than twice a day and after you sweat a lot.


Question: What is normal skin type like?

Answer: Your type depends on things such as: How much water is in your skin, which affects its comfort and elasticity How oily it is, which affects its softness How sensitive it is Not too dry and not too oily, normal skin has: No or few imperfections No severe sensitivity Barely visible pores A radiant complexion Your skin can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose, forehead, and chin).


Question: What can cause dry skin?

Answer: Dry skin may be caused or made worse by: Your genes Aging or hormonal changes Weather such as wind, sun, or cold Ultraviolet ( UV) radiation from tanning beds Indoor heating Long, hot baths and showers Ingredients in soaps, cosmetics, or cleansers Medications Use these tips to help your dry skin: Take shorter showers and baths, no more than once daily.


Question: What is combination skin type like?

Answer: Your type depends on things such as: How much water is in your skin, which affects its comfort and elasticity How oily it is, which affects its softness How sensitive it is Not too dry and not too oily, normal skin has: No or few imperfections No severe sensitivity Barely visible pores A radiant complexion Your skin can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose, forehead, and chin). Many people have this type. It may need slightly different care in different areas. Combination skin can have: Pores that look larger than normal, because they're more open Blackheads Shiny skin You may have: Almost invisible pores Dull, rough complexion Red patches Your skin is less elastic More visible lines Your skin can crack, peel, or become itchy, irritated, or inflamed.


Question: How should you take care of your skin?

Answer: Use a gentle cleanser and don't scrub. Use a broad spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. Avoid direct sunlight, and wear a hat and sunglasses.


Question: How do antiplatelets work for reducing the risk of blood clots?

Answer: Antiplatelets are blood thinners. They make blood less likely to clot, which can help prevent heart attacks and strokes. However, antiplatelets don't slow down or reverse atherosclerosis.


Question: How do plant sterols work for atherosclerosis?

Answer: Getting plant sterols every day can reduce cholesterol modestly by about 10%.


Question: What are fibrates and how are they used to reduce triglycerides?

Answer: Statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol), Lovastatin ( Altoprev, Mevacor), Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Fibrates are drugs that reduce triglyceride levels. Triglycerides are not cholesterol, but they are fats that contribute to atherosclerosis. There are two fibrates used in the U. S.: Gemfibrozil ( Lopid) Fenofibrate ( Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Lofibra, Tricor, Triglide, Trilipix) Fibrates also slightly increase "good" cholesterol also called HDL.


Question: How does clopidogrel reduce the risk of blood clots?

Answer: Clopidogrel ( Plavix): Clopidogrel acts similar to aspirin. This drug is useful in preventing clots from forming inside stents placed in the heart's arteries.


Question: Can you completely reverse atherosclerosis with statins?

Answer: Completely reversing it isn't possible yet. But taking a statin can reduce the risk of complications from atherosclerosis. It decreases inflammation, which stabilizes the plaque. For this reason, statins are often key to treating atherosclerosis.


Question: How does alirocumab and evolocumab work for atherosclerosis?

Answer: Alirocumab ( Praluent) and evolocumab ( Repatha) are included in a new class of drugs called proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 ( PCSK9) inhibitors. They are for use by patients who cannot control their cholesterol through diet and statin treatments. For those with established cardiovascular disease, evolocumab has also proven to be effective in significantly reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.


Question: What are the benefits of blood thinners for atherosclerosis?

Answer: The benefits of blood thinners come at the price of an increased risk of bleeding. For most people at risk from atherosclerosis, though, the benefits of antiplatelets outweigh the risks. Speak with your doctor before starting an aspirin regimen or any other heart medication. There are no proven cures for atherosclerosis. But medication can and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of complications.


Question: Can statins help atherosclerosis?

Answer: Taking a statin for a year or longer can even slightly shrink plaques that cause atherosclerosis. This reversal of atherosclerosis surprised many experts who believed it couldn't be done.


Question: How does ticagrelor reduce the risk of blood clots?

Answer: Ticagrelor ( Brilinta): Ticagrelor is similar to clopidogrel. This drug is less effective if patients take more than 100 milligrams a day of aspirin. A "baby aspirin" contains 81 milligrams of aspirin. An FDA "black box" warning tells doctors about the risk of using higher doses of aspirin along with ticagrelor.


Question: How do bile acid sequestrants work for atherosclerosis?

Answer: This leads to a lower bile acid level. You need bile, so when that happens, cholesterol must be used to make more. This lowers blood cholesterol levels.


Question: How does aspirin reduce the risk of blood clots?

Answer: Aspirin: Plain old aspirin is actually a powerful blood thinner. A baby aspirin a day can reduce the risk of first heart attacks and strokes by about 25%.


Question: How does warfarin reduce the risk of blood clots?

Answer: Warfarin ( Coumadin): This powerful blood thinner is an anticoagulant. It is not generally used to treat atherosclerosis. Warfarin is used for other medical conditions that involve blood clots, for example, atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis. It has not been shown to be better than aspirin in preventing heart attacks.


Question: How do Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa work for atherosclerosis?

Answer: Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa --all containing omega-3s -- are prescription drugs that can be used with diet to lower high levels of triglycerides.


Question: Can drugs treat atherosclerosis?

Answer: It can lower LDL levels. There are no proven cures for atherosclerosis. But medication can and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of complications.


Question: How common are side effects from niacin?

Answer: But taking a statin can reduce the risk of complications from atherosclerosis. Niacin also can increase blood sugar levels. This is a problem especially for people with diabetes. Because of its side effects, niacin is much less frequently prescribed than statins or fibrates. The benefits of blood thinners come at the price of an increased risk of bleeding.


Question: How does ezetimibe (Zetia) work for atherosclerosis?

Answer: Taken in large doses, it improves cholesterol levels by reducing triglycerides and LDL. But it doesn't work as well as statins. This drug is usually used in addition to a statin to further lower bad cholesterol. There is no evidence, though, that it reduces the risk of heart attacks or strokes.


Question: What should I do if I'm diagnsed with FTD?

Answer: The condition is not life-threatening. But you should find a doctor who knows how to manage it as soon as possible. Speech experts, physical therapists, and nurses may be able to help, too. You should also think about doing these things: Ask your doctor whether medications can help. Find a support group. Share information with family and friends. Get a driving evaluation. Exercise and eat healthy foods.


Question: What causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD)?

Answer: Scientists don't know for sure. But it starts when nerve cells in two parts or âlobesâ of the brain -- the front and the side -- die. That causes the lobes to shrink. Doctors believe FTD may be genetic. About 4 out of 10 people who have it also have a relative who had it or some other form of dementia.


Question: How is frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosed?

Answer: It can be hard to figure out if someone has FTD. That's because it often mirrors other disorders, like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, depression, and schizophrenia. See a doctor about any strange behavior. He'll ask about medications and family history. He may also do blood tests to rule out other medical problems. He might refer you to a neurologist, who will check things like your balance, reflexes, memory, and thinking.


Question: What is a type B aortic dissection?

Answer: This is when your lower, or descending, aorta tears. It, too, may reach into your abdomen.


Question: What are the treatments for aortic dissection?

Answer: He may also do blood tests and decide to do surgery, which involves removing the dissection and ârebuildingâ your aorta with a plastic tube, called a graft. Treatment often involves medications. These can include beta blockers and sodium nitroprusside ( Nitropress), which will help lower your blood pressure and heart rate. You may have to take these for the rest of your life.


Question: What genetic diseases increase your odds of having an aortic dissection?

Answer: Other things that make an aortic dissection more likely include: Hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis High blood pressure, or hypertension, that isn't being controlled A pre-existing bulging, or weakened, artery A bicuspid aortic valve (a valve with two leaflets) When the aorta is narrowed at birth, called aortic coarctation Smoking Certain genetic diseases also seem to increase your odds of having an aortic dissection, including: Turner's syndrome Marfan syndrome Connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers- Danlos syndrome and Loeys- Dietz syndrome Some inflammatory conditions, such as giant cell arteritis and syphilis Using cocaine, being pregnant, and even high-intensity weightlifting can raise your chances of having an aortic dissection.


Question: What causes an aortic dissection?

Answer: Aortic dissection happens in places where your aortic wall is weak. Over time, high blood pressure can weaken your aortic tissue. Sometimes the weakness is from a condition you're born with that affects the strength or size of your aorta. Marfan syndrome is one example. In rare cases it's caused by a traumatic injury to the chest, as can happen in a car accident, for example.


Question: What is a type A aortic dissection?

Answer: The tear happens in your upper aorta, which is also called the ascending aorta. It can extend into your abdomen, or in the area where your aorta leaves your heart.


Question: How should I prepare for an electrocardiogram?

Answer: Some things you can do to get yourself ready: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test because they can keep the electrodes from making contact with your skin. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on your legs. Wear a shirt that you can remove easily to place the leads on your chest.


Question: What happens during an electrocardiogram?

Answer: A technician will attach 10 electrodes with adhesive pads to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs. If you're a guy, you may need to have your chest hair shaved to allow a better connection. During the test you'll lie flat while a computer creates a picture, on graph paper, of the electrical impulses that move through your heart. This is called a "resting" EKG, although the same test may be used to check your heart while you exercise. It takes about 10 minutes to attach the electrodes and complete the test, but the actual recording takes only a few seconds. Your doctor will keep your EKG patterns on file so that he can compare them to tests you get in the future.


Question: How is an event monitor used for electrocardiograms?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you to keep a diary of what you did and any symptoms you notice. When you push a button, it will record and store your heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. You may need to wear it for weeks or sometimes months. Each time you notice symptoms, you should try to get a reading on the monitor. The info is sent on the phone to your doctor, who will analyze it.


Question: What does research show about nattokinase?

Answer: One study shows that a nattokinase supplement lowers the risk of blood clots after long plane flights. It may help reduce narrowing of the arteries. Other studies show that nattokinase may help lower blood pressure. However, we need more research to see if it is effective. Optimal doses of nattokinase have not been set for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to set a standard dose. Ask your doctor for advice.


Question: What are side effects of nattokinase?

Answer: Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications. Side effects. In food, nattokinase is safe. More studies are needed to see if nattokinase taken as a supplement is safe for repeated or long-term use.


Question: What are risks of taking nattokinase?

Answer: Nattokinase is a natural enzyme. There's some early evidence that nattokinase may have benefits for heart and artery health. You may need to stop taking nattokinase if you're planning to have surgery. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, doctors don't recommend nattokinase for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: What is nattokinase?

Answer: Nattokinase is a natural enzyme. There's some early evidence that nattokinase may have benefits for heart and artery health. In food, nattokinase is safe. More studies are needed to see if nattokinase taken as a supplement is safe for repeated or long-term use.


Question: What foods have nattokinase in them?

Answer: It seems that the fermentation process makes nattokinase. You can't get nattokinase from other soy foods. In food, nattokinase is safe.


Question: How does nattokinase interact with other medications?

Answer: If you have any blood clotting disorders, don't take nattokinase supplements unless a doctor says it's safe. They could cause excess bleeding and bruising.


Question: What are some medications that can affect your sex life?

Answer: If you have back pain, for instance, have sex side-by-side instead of in the missionary position, which can make back pain worse. Some that can do this include: antidepressants antihistamines blood pressure medicines cholesterol-lowering drugs ulcer medications If you have reason to suspect that any of your meds are dampening your sex life, talk with your doctor.


Question: What are the best medications to relieve painful menstrual cramps?

Answer: The best way to relieve painful menstrual cramps is to take an anti-inflammatory medication. Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), ketoprofen ( Orudis), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) are available without a prescription and are effective at blocking the effects of prostaglandins.


Question: What is primary dysmenorrhea in relation to menstrual pain?

Answer: Other menstrual-type cramps can be caused by conditions of the reproductive tract, such as the following: Endometriosis -- uterine tissue that appears outside the uterus Fibroids and adenomyosis -- noncancerous (benign) growths in the uterus Infections in the reproductive organs Abnormal pregnancy, such as an ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy in the tubes, outside the uterus) IUD (intra-uterine device) used for birth control Ovarian cyst Narrow cervix If a woman has had menstrual pain ever since her periods started, the condition is classified as primary dysmenorrhea. If a physical condition such as pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis has developed and is causing the pain, this is called secondary dysmenorrhea. Once the medical condition is treated, the menstrual pain usually goes away.


Question: What increases the chances a woman experiences menstrual cramps?

Answer: The following circumstances may make a woman more likely to experience menstrual cramps: She started her first period at an early age (younger than 11 years). Her menstrual periods are heavy. She is overweight or obese. She smokes cigarettes or uses alcohol. She has never been pregnant.


Question: Can birth control pills help stop menstrual cramps?

Answer: Starting some form of hormonal birth control is another option to control or stop menstrual cramps. This can be a pill, an injection, a transdermal patch, or a hormone-containing IUD. These methods can reduce or eliminate the menstrual flow leading to less pain.


Question: What additional tests may be ordered when dealing with menstrual pain?

Answer: The doctor may order a pregnancy test if the periods are irregular or the woman is not using birth control regularly. An ultrasound exam is necessary if the doctor discovers any abnormal masses during the pelvic exam or there is a new onset of menstrual pain. A doctor may recommend a laparoscopy, which is a minor surgical procedure allowing the doctor to look directly into the pelvic cavity with a fiber-optic scope. This is an outpatient procedure using very small incisions. A hysteroscopy is another possible procedure. By inserting a hysteroscope (thin lighted tube) through the vagina, the doctor can see inside the cervix and the inside of the uterus without incisions. This can be done in a doctor's office or a hospital.


Question: When should medications be taken to relieve painful menstrual cramps?

Answer: These drugs work better if taken before the start of menstruation and can be continued as long as needed. If one type does not relieve the pain, try another, because these medications do not work the same in everyone.


Question: What initial exam will a doctor do when dealing with menstrual pain?

Answer: Be prepared to discuss these details: The timing of the cramps in relation to the start of the period Type of pain Age when the cramps first started Any recent change in the pain Irregular periods Vaginal discharge Pain with intercourse Infertility History of pelvic infections Age when first period occurred Current medications What things seem to improve or worsen the pain The doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems. If there are concerns about a possible infection, cervical cultures and a blood test will confirm the diagnosis. Additional tests may be ordered.


Question: When should you go to the hospital or call the emergency department about menstrual pain?

Answer: The woman's doctor can help her manage most symptoms. However, she should go to a hospital's emergency department if any of the following problems occur: She faints. She experiences repeated dizziness when standing up. A sudden, intense pelvic pain causes her to double over. Tissue is passed in the menstrual flow. Tissue often appears silvery or grayish. She is pregnant and has severe menstrual-type pain.


Question: What are some alternative therapies for relieving menstrual pain?

Answer: If taking hormonal birth control is not an option because of health problems or the woman is among the 10% of women who do not respond to this treatment, there are some other alternatives. Acupuncture Wearing a TENS (transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation) unit, a small electrical device that interferes with pain signals as they travel to the brain Prevent painful menstrual cramps with these techniques: Keep a normal body weight.


Question: When should you call your healthcare provider about menstrual pain?

Answer: In addition to cramps in the lower abdomen, a woman may also experience some of these symptoms with menstrual cramps: Lower back pain Leg pain, radiating down the legs Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headaches Irritability Weakness Fainting spells (in extreme cases) Most women have significant improvement with home care. However, a woman should call her health care provider in these situations: Menstrual cramps continue to be painful for longer than usual. The pain is suddenly worse or different from what she may have experienced before. Bleeding is excessive, requiring more than one pad or tampon per hour. Signs of infection, such as fever, chills, and body aches, are present at the time of the period. The woman suspects she may be pregnant and any of these symptoms occur.


Question: Can anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve painful menstrual cramps be harsh on the stomach?

Answer: If there is a history of kidney problems or stomach problems (such as ulcers or reflux), consult with your health care provider before starting this type of medication. Taking the pills with meals may help prevent upset stomach. Anti-inflammatory drugs are 80% effective.


Question: What is the outlook for menstrual pain?

Answer: A hysteroscopy is another possible procedure. Anti-inflammatory drugs are 80% effective. Hormonal birth control decreases the pain 90% of the time. Cramps also tend to decrease in intensity as a woman ages. Cramps may disappear after a woman's first pregnancy.


Question: How many collagen or filler injections will I need?

Answer: It's important to know that one treatment probably will not remove every line on your face. Just like natural collagen, collagen replacements begin to lose form and will eventually wear down. Treatment may require collagen injections two to four times a year to maintain the smoothing effects.


Question: What are collagen injections?

Answer: Collagen injections give your skin a plumper, smoother appearance. Although collagen is the best known filler, there are many other substances doctors can use to plump up your skin, including fat from your own body and synthetic materials. Collagen injections replenish the skin's natural collagen.


Question: Which professionals should I reach out to about my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You need a medical team that knows diabetes inside and out. They could include: An endocrinologist, who has a lot of experience working with people who have diabetes An ophthalmologist for your eyes A pharmacist, who's familiar with all your medicines A registered dietitian, who can give you pointers on what to eat A diabetes educator All of these professionals work with you to help you stay well.


Question: Do you need surgery for a hernia?

Answer: Your doctor will likely recommend it if any of these things happen: Tissue (such as the intestine) becomes trapped in the abdominal wall. This is called incarceration. If left untreated, it may lead to strangulation. That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. The hernia becomes strangulated. This can cause permanent damage and is a surgical emergency. Strangulated organs, usually your intestines, will die, and if not removed quickly, you can become seriously ill. Call your doctor right away if you have a fever or nausea, sudden pain that gets worse, or a hernia that turns red, purple, or dark. The hernia causes pain or discomfort, or it's growing larger.


Question: How is laparoscopic surgery done for a hernia?

Answer: Laparoscopic surgery: In this surgery, your abdomen is inflated with a harmless gas. This gives the surgeon a better look of your organs. He'll make a few small incisions (cuts) near the hernia. He'll insert a thin tube with a tiny camera on the end (laparoscope). The surgeon uses images from the laparoscope as a guide to repair the hernia with mesh. For laparoscopic surgery, you'll receive general anesthesia. Recovery is usually faster with laparoscopic surgery: On average, patients are back to their normal routine a week sooner than with open surgery.


Question: What are non-surgical treatments for a hernia?

Answer: It depends on the size and symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you have a fever or nausea, sudden pain that gets worse, or a hernia that turns red, purple, or dark. The hernia causes pain or discomfort, or it's growing larger. You may be able to wait to have surgery if: Your hernia goes away when you lie down, or you can push it back into your belly It's small, and causes few -- or no -- symptoms (these may never need surgery) Talk to your doctor.


Question: How is open surgery done for a hernia?

Answer: That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. He'll gently push the hernia back into place, tie it off, or remove it. Then he'll close the weak area of the muscle -- where the hernia pushed through -- with stitches. For larger hernias, your surgeon may add a piece of flexible mesh for extra support. It'll help keep the hernia from coming back.


Question: What are the risks of hernia surgery?

Answer: This is called incarceration. They include: Infection of the wound Blood clots: These can develop because you're under anesthesia and don't move for a long period of time. Pain: In most cases, the area will be sore as you heal. But some people develop chronic, long-lasting pain after surgery for a groin hernia, for example. Experts think the procedure may damage certain nerves. Laparoscopic surgery may cause less pain than an open procedure. Recurrence: The hernia could come back after the surgery. Research shows that using mesh can reduce your risk of this happening by half.


Question: What should you know about treating hernias?

Answer: Hernias usually don't get better on their own. In rare cases, they can lead to life-threatening complications. That's why doctors often often recommend surgery. But not every hernia needs immediate treatment. It depends on the size and symptoms. A surgical hernia repair involves pushing the bulge back inside the body part that should contain it, and keeping it there. That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. Recovery is usually faster with laparoscopic surgery: On average, patients are back to their normal routine a week sooner than with open surgery.


Question: Is it safe to use an asthma inhaler while pregnant?

Answer: It's OK to use an inhaler.


Question: How can I reduce the impact of my asthma on my  baby?

Answer: Good asthma control is the key to a successful pregnancy. To lessen the impact of your condition on your unborn baby: Have an asthma plan. Work with your asthma doctor to find the right kind and amount of medication for you to take. Recognize your asthma triggers. Keep a diary of what makes your asthma worse, and find ways to avoid those triggers. Receive coordinated care. Make sure your asthma doctor and your pregnancy provider coordinate your care.


Question: Can I take my asthma medicine during labor and breastfeeding?

Answer: In general, the same asthma treatment that's OK when you're pregnant is OK when you go into labor and when you breastfeed your baby. Talk to your doctor to make sure your asthma medicine is safe to keep taking in these circumstances.


Question: Can I get allergy shots and the flu shot while pregnant?

Answer: Tell your allergist if you're pregnant. You shouldn't start allergy shots if you're pregnant. But if you're already getting them, your doctor will probably continue them and monitor you for any problems. The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and people with asthma because they're among groups at high risk for severe flu complications, including death. Pregnant women should only get the flu shot (notthe nasal flu vaccine).


Question: Can pregnancy make asthma worse?

Answer: Pregnancy could make your asthma worse. There's no clear answer to this question. In general, if your asthma is severe, chances are it may become a little worse during your pregnancy. On the other hand, if you were pregnant before and your asthma did not get worse, chances are that it will not get worse during the next pregnancy. The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and people with asthma because they're among groups at high risk for severe flu complications, including death.


Question: Can you have a healthy pregnancy and have asthma?

Answer: Just because you have asthma doesn't mean you can't have a healthy pregnancy. But you have to keep your asthma under control. On the other hand, if you were pregnant before and your asthma did not get worse, chances are that it will not get worse during the next pregnancy. But if you have severe asthma, it's worth talking to your doctor before you get pregnant.


Question: Can you take oral medication and receive allergy shots while pregnant?

Answer: If you don't control your asthma properly during pregnancy, you're much more likely to harm yourself and your baby than if you use the right drugs to control your asthma. The best thing to do is to talk to your doctor, who will look at how severe your asthma is and what treatment is right for you while you're pregnant. On the other hand, if you were pregnant before and your asthma did not get worse, chances are that it will not get worse during the next pregnancy. You shouldn't start allergy shots if you're pregnant.


Question: Why is it so important to keep my asthma under control while I am pregnant?

Answer: But you have to keep your asthma under control. That means your baby, who gets oxygen from your blood, won't get enough either. Good control of asthma also lowers your risk for pregnancy complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia (dangerously high blood pressure during pregnancy).


Question: Which pills shouldn't be split?

Answer: If a pill has any of these features, don't try to cut it in half: A hard outer coat: Splitting a coated pill can make it harder to swallow and may change the way your body absorbs the medicine. They're extended release: Pills formulated to give you medication slowly throughout the day may lose this capability if split in half. They're capsules: Because they contain powder or gel, capsules have to be taken whole. A small or uneven shape: Some pills are just too difficult to split evenly.


Question: When is it OK to split a pill?

Answer: In general, however, look for these three signs that a pill is safe to split: FDA approval. If the FDA has approved a drug for splitting, it will be printed on the package insert. Thumbs up from your doctor or pharmacist. Before splitting any pill, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist. Scored down the middle.


Question: How should you split a pill?

Answer: They're cheap -- between $3 and $10 at most pharmacies. Some health insurance providers will send them to members for free. Keep it clean. Always wash your hands first. Wash the pill splitter thoroughly after you've done your splitting.


Question: What problems can you have with split pills?

Answer: Think about these before you decide to try pill splitting: The possibility of an uneven dose: For some drugs, the dose has to be so accurate even a small difference in two halves of a split pill could put your health at risk. Crushed pill issues: Some pills can easily turn to powder. A pile of crumbs will be very difficult to break into two equal doses. Miscommunication: Your doctor may write "1/2 pill" and your pharmacist may see "1 -- 2 pills." Confusion: If you forget to split pills before taking them, you'll take twice as much as your doctor intended. Physical limitations: If a medical condition has made your hands weak or unsteady, or if your vision is impaired, it will be tough to split pills cleanly by yourself.


Question: How do intralesional steroid injections treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Intralesional steroid injections can reduce inflammation. A doctor uses a small needle to inject medication into scalp plaques. You can have this procedure at the doctor's office.


Question: How do coal tar products treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend these: Coal tar products are available OTC as shampoos, creams, gels, ointments, foams, and soaps. They can help slow skin growth and reduce inflammation, itching, and scaling. To apply a coal tar shampoo, massage it into the scalp and leave on 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing out. You can leave other tar products on overnight. Staining and odor are the main drawbacks. A non-medicated conditioner after shampooing can help against the odor of tar shampoo.


Question: How can you ease itchiness from scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Use wet towels, cold packs, or cold water on itchy spots. Try OTC tar shampoos or ones with menthol or phenol creams. You can also check with your doctor about taking OTC antihistamine pills.


Question: What may be prescribed to treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic treatment for this problem.


Question: How should I treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: One of the first steps is to soften and remove scales. This makes it easier for medications to do their job. Apply over-the-counter ( OTC) products to your scalp to help soften scales and make them easier to peel off. Look for products with the active ingredients salicylic acid, lactic acid, urea, zinc pyrithione, or selenium sulfide. Gently loosen the scales with a brush or fine-toothed comb. Shampoo your scalp to remove the scales, using a salicylic acid shampoo or soap. Apply thick creams to your scalp while it's still damp to hold in the moisture.


Question: How common is scalp psoriasis?

Answer: The areas around them can be red and itchy. Apply over-the-counter ( OTC) products to your scalp to help soften scales and make them easier to peel off. This is a prescription form of vitamin D. Apply it at night and cover your scalp with a shower cap.


Question: Will I need treatment for scalp psoriasis?

Answer: Once you do, you may be able to keep it from flaring with special shampoos or moisturizers. If you have a more severe case or have psoriasis elsewhere on your body, you may need a medication that treats your whole body. You can take these medications by mouth or injection.


Question: Why does paraphimosis happen?

Answer: Mishandled foreskin. Make sure to put your foreskin back after you, or your caregiver, washes it or inserts a catheter. Piercings. Pain and swelling from penis piercings can make it difficult to put the foreskin in place after pulling it back. During sex. You might pull your foreskin back to have sex. If it stays there too long, it might swell so much that the foreskin gets trapped behind the head. Other penis conditions. Other ailments of the penis can lead to foreskin problems. For example, phimosis can lead to paraphimosis.


Question: How are penis disorders diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor can usually figure out if you have one of these conditions by listening to you describe your symptoms and with an exam.


Question: What are the risks of penis disorders?

Answer: If you have phimosis, you are more likely to get penile cancer. If left untreated, it can lead to increased swelling, and in extreme cases, gangrene, and eventually the loss of your penis.


Question: How can I prevent diarrhea?

Answer: The most important way to avoid diarrhea is to avoid coming into contact with infectious agents that can cause it. This means that good hand washing and hygiene are very important. Also, if you travel to developing countries, you should take the following precautions: Drink only bottled water, even for tooth brushing. Avoid eating food from street vendors. Avoid ice made with tap water. Eat only those fruits or vegetables that are cooked or can be peeled. Be sure that all foods you eat are thoroughly cooked and served steaming hot.


Question: How do doctors diagnose colic?

Answer: What seems to make her fussy What, if anything, works to calm her down How often and what your baby eats When your baby poops, and what the stools look like (big or small, loose, or hard) The doctor will likely do an exam to check if your baby is fussy for other reasons, such as: Food allergies or sensitivities to something in your diet, if you breastfeed Discomfort, such as if she is too hot or too cold Hunger or weakness Pain from an illness or injury Reflux If your baby doesn't gain weight or loses weight, she may have another health problem, so it's best to call her doctor. Also call the doctor if she: Can't be soothed at all, even for a few minutes Doesn't suck strongly at the bottle or your breast Doesn't like to be held or touched Has an odd cry or sounds like she's in pain Has diarrhea or blood in her stool Has trouble breathing Is less alert or sleepier than usual Eats less than usual Runs a fever of 100.4 degrees or more Throws up Might be sick or injured Has fewer wet diapers Don't wait to call the doctor if you're at your wit's end, either. The doctor can help you manage the colic, and that will lower your stress.


Question: What is factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms?

Answer: There are four main types of factitious disorders, including: Factitious disorder with mostly psychological symptoms: As the description implies, people with this disorder mimic behavior that is typical of a mental illness, such as schizophrenia. They may appear confused, make absurd statements and report hallucinations, the experience of sensing things that are not there; for example, hearing voices.


Question: What's the main treatment for factitious disorders?

Answer: The first goal of treatment for a factitious disorder is to modify the person's behavior and reduce his or her misuse or overuse of medical resources. Treatment likely will focus on trying to change the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder (cognitive-behavioral therapy). Family therapy may also be helpful in teaching family members not to reward or reinforce the behavior of the person with the disorder. There are no medications to treat factitious disorders themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related disorder -- such as depressionoranxiety.


Question: How much alcohol is too much to keep my kidneys healthy?

Answer: If so, have no more than one drink a day for women or two a day for men. A drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits such as gin, rum, tequila, vodka, and whiskey.


Question: How can proper diet help your kidneys?

Answer: You already know that exercise and eating right help your heart and weight. They also help your blood pressure and your blood sugar levels. And that's good for your kidneys.


Question: How is blood pressure tied to kidney health?

Answer: Watch your blood pressure. If it's too high, that can put stress on your kidneys. If you're not sure what your blood pressure is, your doctor can check it. You could have high blood pressure and not know it, since it doesn't have any symptoms. High blood pressure is one of the top causes of kidney problems.


Question: How much water do I need to drink to keep my kidneys healthy?

Answer: And that's good for your kidneys. ( Most people don't overdo it, though.) How much to drink? One way to check is by noticing the color of your pee. If it's pale yellow or clear, it's fine. If it's dark yellow, you might need more water.


Question: How does nail psoriasis affect thickening of nails?

Answer: About a third of people with nail psoriasis can also get a fungal infection that can cause your nails to get thick. They may also get brittle and break.


Question: How often would I get corticosteroid shots to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: These are put under your nail surface every 2-9 months. Your doctor will numb the area or use a nerve block to reduce pain.


Question: How does nail psoriasis affect seperation of nails?

Answer: Your nail may loosen or separate from the nail bed. Some of these nail changes can make it hard to move your fingers and toes. You may also get tenderness and pain in your nails. This can make it hard to do things with your hands.


Question: How will the color of your nails change if you have nail psoriasis?

Answer: Your nails may turn green, yellow, or brown. They may also have small red or white spots underneath.


Question: What medicines that work throughout your body are used to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: Medicines that work throughout your body. Your doctor may call these "systemic medications." Some examples are: Acitretin ( Soriatane) Apremilast ( Otezla) Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune) Methotrexate Drugs that target specific parts of your immune system.


Question: How is phototherapy used to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: Ultraviolet light is used to treat skin psoriasis and may also be useful in nail psoriasis. The treatments usually take place in a doctor's office or a clinic.


Question: How will your nails thicken if you have nail psoriasis?

Answer: About a third of people with nail psoriasis can also get a fungal infection that can cause your nails to get thick. They may also get brittle and break.


Question: How does nail psoriasis affect the color of nails?

Answer: Your nails may turn green, yellow, or brown. They may also have small red or white spots underneath.


Question: How are corticosteroid injections used to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: These are put under your nail surface every 2-9 months. Your doctor will numb the area or use a nerve block to reduce pain.


Question: What medicines can I take to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: Medicines that work throughout your body.


Question: How do you know if you're getting nail psoriasis?

Answer: You'll know you're getting nail psoriasis when you see these changes in your fingernails or toenails: Color.


Question: Are there treatments for nail psoriasis?

Answer: The same treatments you get for skin psoriasis can also treat your nail psoriasis.


Question: How will the surface of your nails change if you have nail psoriasis?

Answer: They may get thick, develop pinprick holes and change color or shape.


Question: How does nail psoriasis affect the surface appearance of nails?

Answer: You may get ridges or grooves in your nails, or pitting (small pinprick holes) on the nail surface.


Question: How can you treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: If you're unhappy with the way your nails look, try nail varnish or artificial nails. The same treatments you get for skin psoriasis can also treat your nail psoriasis.


Question: Are there treatmtents for nail psoriasis?

Answer: You'll know you're getting nail psoriasis when you see these changes in your fingernails or toenails: Color. The treatments for nail psoriasis include: Phototherapy.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are good for a sore throat?

Answer: Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin can also ease the pain of a sore throat. Or you can suck on a lozenge or use a throat spray that contains a pain reliever such as benzocaine.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are good for aches and pains from a cold?

Answer: There are two kinds of medicines made to treat minor aches and pains from a cold: Acetaminophen relieves headaches. It might also help open a stuffed nose. It's in many cough and cold products as well as in other medicines. Read all the labels and be sure to follow the dosing instructions carefully so you don't accidentally take too much. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin are good for aches and pains. If you take a blood-thinning drug, check with your doctor before you take aspirin. And don't give aspirin to kids or teens. It can raise their risk for a rare but serious disease called Reye syndrome.


Question: What are tips for using multi-symptom cold relievers?

Answer: It might also help open a stuffed nose. Otherwise, you might treat a symptom you don't have with medicine you don't need.


Question: What are important things to notice on over-the-counter (OTC) cold medicine labels?

Answer: Whenever you buy an OTC cold medicine, read the label carefully. Look at these things: Ingredients: Check to see if it has medicines that are already in other drugs you take. You should also check the other ingredients, especially if you are allergic to colors or flavorings. Uses: Learn what symptoms the medicine targets. Only take medicine that treats the symptoms you have. Instructions: Find out how much of the medicine to take and how often you need to take it. Warnings: See what side effects might happen and who should not use the product.


Question: What over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are good for a cough?

Answer: It should go away on its own in a few days. Some OTC cough medicines have an ingredient that stops the reflex that makes you cough. Others contain an agent that will thin your mucus. You might try to suck on a cough drop or hard candy; it could do the trick. Cough medicines don't often cause side effects in healthy adults. They can make some people feel dizzy or sleepy. Don't take them for more than a few days without your doctor's OK. Otherwise, you might treat a symptom you don't have with medicine you don't need.


Question: What should I keep in mind when choosing an over-the-counter (OTC) cold reliever?

Answer: Studies find antihistamines don't improve cold symptoms much on their own. But if you're not sure what you need, ask your doctor or pharmacist for some guidance. It's also a good idea to check with them if you have a medical condition such as glaucoma, heart disease, high blood pressure, or an irregular heart rhythm that prevents you from being able to take decongestants. Tell your pharmacist about any prescription medicines you take. Some cold medicines can interact with prescription drugs.


Question: When should you call your doctor about cold symptoms?

Answer: It should go away on its own in a few days. Call your doctor if: You're short of breath or are wheezing A cough or stuffed nose lasts more than two weeks or comes back A sore throat lasts more than five days You have a fever higher than 101.5 F You have pain in your face or sinuses


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are good for a stuffed nose and sneezing?

Answer: These types of medicines can help you breathe more easily: Antihistamines block a chemical that makes your nose fill up and run. But they may work better when combined with a decongestant. Decongestants shrink swollen blood vessels in the nose to relieve congestion. If you have high blood pressure, ask your doctor if it's okay to use a decongestant. They can make some people feel dizzy or sleepy.


Question: How can bullectomy surgery help with treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: If other treatments don't work and your COPD is severe, you might need one of these surgeries to treat it: Bullectomy. Air sacs are the tiny pouches in your lungs where oxygen travels into your blood vessels. COPD destroys the walls of these air sacs. When the walls come down, they create large spaces in your lungs, called bullae. These bullae make it hard to breathe. Bullectomy is surgery to remove the air spaces and improve the flow of air in your lungs.


Question: How can a dietitian help with treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: See what he says about your eating plan. You might need to eat smaller meals more often or take supplements to get the nutrients you need.


Question: What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Cigarette smoke is the leading cause of COPD, and it can make the disease worse. It may not be easy for you to quit, but there are many ways to get help. Ask your doctor about nicotine replacement, medicine, and counseling.


Question: What will a pulmonary rehab program teach you about managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: During this program, you'll learn how to: Keep your lungs healthy.


Question: What are examples of inhaled steroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Examples of inhaled steroids are: Budesonide ( Entocort, Pulmicort, Uceris) Fluticasone ( Cutivate, Flovent HFA) Some medicines combine a bronchodilator and inhaled steroid.


Question: How can vaccinations help with treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Inhaled steroids can help if you have many COPD flare-ups. Ask your doctor about nicotine replacement, medicine, and counseling.


Question: How can bronchodilators help treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: These medications work quickly to relax the muscles around your airways and ease symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath. You take them through an inhaler. You might take it with a long-acting bronchodilator.


Question: How many people with Crohn's disease will require another surgery?

Answer: In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy. The risk of recurrence may be lessened by taking medication to reduce inflammation. These medications include drugs that manipulate the immune system response. These drugs are known as immunomodulators r biologic medications. . Often, recurrent Crohn's disease needs treatment that involves only medication. But about half of people who get recurrent Crohn's disease will need another operation.


Question: What are some medications that treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: When Crohn's disease is active, treatment has three objectives: Relieve symptoms Control inflammation Get proper nutrition Medications are generally the first step in treating Crohn's disease. A partial list of these drugs includes: Anti-inflammatories Antibiotics Antidiarrheal medicine Immune suppressors, including: Corticosteroids Immunomodulators - azathioprine ( Imuran), 6- MPBiologic Medications - infliximab ( Remicade), adulimumab For people with nutrition problems, doctors often prescribe supplements.


Question: How does a colectomy treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: Colectomy is the removal of the entire colon. This might be done if the disease is severe and extensive enough. It may be possible to connect the rectum to the small intestine -- ileum -- if the rectum is not affected by Crohn's disease.


Question: How long can remission last with Crohn's disease?

Answer: People with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms. These are followed by periods with no symptoms when the disease is in remission. With Crohn's disease, remission can last for weeks or even years. But there is no way to know when a remission will happen or when symptoms will return.


Question: What are the complications of Crohn's disease that might require surgery?

Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood.


Question: How does strictureplasty treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: Crohn's disease in the small intestine often shows up in alternating areas of the bowel. As a result, a diseased portion of the bowel is connected to a disease-free portion. Strictureplasty is a surgical procedure to widen the narrow area of the small intestine in a portion that is affected by the disease. No part of the intestine is removed.


Question: What are the risks of recurrence for Crohn's disease?

Answer: In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy.


Question: What  complications of Crohn's disease might require surgery?

Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood.


Question: What parts of the body does Crohn's disease commonly affect?

Answer: Crohn's disease most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine, known as the ileum. But it can happen in any part of the large or small intestine, stomach, esophagus, or even the mouth. It can happen at any age, but it's most common between the ages of 15 and 30.


Question: What are some other reasons to use surgery to treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood. If you develop a fistula or an abscess, you may need surgery. Fistulas, the abnormal passageways, may first be treated with medication. You will have a computed tomography ( CT) scan to let your doctor find the abscess. In some cases, the pus can be fully drained with a tube place through the skin. But in many cases, surgery is needed to treat the abscess.


Question: What is the cure for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Treatment depends on the severity and location of the disease. Because the disease can sometimes go into remission on its own, it's not always possible to know whether a specific treatment has been effective. No part of the intestine is removed.


Question: What are some possible causes of rashes on the breast?

Answer: Paget's disease is a rare skin disorder that's often linked to breast cancer in the tissues behind your nipple.


Question: What conditions can seem like chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Many people who have ME/ CFS have other conditions, too. If you get treated for those, it might also improve your chronic fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome ME/ CFS can look a lot like âmonoâ (mononucleosis), Lyme disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, sleep disorders, or depression.


Question: How are cataracts treated?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help. If halos or glare are a problem, night driving may be difficult. Sunglasses and tinted lenses can improve driving comfort during the day. See your eye doctor for any concerns you have. If a cataract begins to interfere with your day-to-day life, an ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery can remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear lens implant.


Question: What is the treatment for dry eyes?

Answer: For mild dry eye, over-the-counter artificial tears may do the trick, along with self-care, such as increasing humidity. Prescription eye drops or other types of treatment may be best for more severe cases of dry eye. You should see your eye doctor if nonprescription drops don't relieve your dry-eye symptoms, since dry eyes can be a symptom of other eye problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Answer: Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need.


Question: Besides presbyopia, cataracts, floaters, and dry eyes, what other eye changes accompany aging?

Answer: These are some other changes that are common with age: Pupils become smaller and don't open as well as they used to. Eyelids droop or become inflamed. This sometimes affects vision. You can make some adjustments to deal with these changes, such as: Use extra lighting and put shades on lightbulbs. Choose "high color" fluorescent bulbs with a color-rendering index of 80 or above. Wear glasses with anti-reflective coating. Get rid of distractions when driving. Get an eye exam at least once a year. Exercise regularly, don't smoke, and protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays and injury.


Question: Why is diet important for people with heart disease?

Answer: For someone with heart disease, diet is a big deal. Along with other healthy habits, it can slow or even partially reverse the narrowing of the heart's arteries and help prevent further complications. You can help a loved one who has heart disease by adopting a diet that curbs LDL (''bad'') cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar, and helps with weight loss. The best strategy: Focus on what the person with heart disease can eat, not just what's off-limits. Research shows that adding heart-saving foods is just as important as cutting back on others.


Question: How can people with heart disease choose fat calories wisely?

Answer: Choose fat calories wisely by: Limit saturated fat (found in animal products). Avoid artificial trans fats as much as possible. Check ingredient lists for "partially hydrogenated" oils. When using added fats for cooking or baking, choose oils that are high in monounsaturated fat (for example, olive and peanut oil) or polyunsaturated fat (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oils).


Question: How do menopausal migraines occur?

Answer: For many women, migraines get better once their periods have finally stopped.


Question: How can you prevent migraines caused by birth control?

Answer: Some birth control methods, like pills, patches, or vaginal rings, can help cut the number or the severity of menstrual migraines. You may need to try different types with different combinations and doses of hormones to find what works for you. Or your doctor may suggest using birth control continuously for a while, without a break for a period, to avoid headaches. But if you have migraine with aura, you shouldn't use hormonal birth control because of a greater likelihood of strokes. Even if you don't have auras, your doctor may not want to prescribe birth control if you're over 35 and you smoke, have high blood pressure or cholesterol, are more than a little overweight, or have diabetes.


Question: How do hormones from pregnancy cause migraines?

Answer: You might try a mild pain reliever, like acetaminophen, but check with your doctor to make sure it's safe for you before you take it. An estrogen patch can keep levels of the hormone steadier, so you're less likely to have bad migraines.


Question: How can you prevent hemorrhoids?

Answer: Eat fiber. A good way to get it is from plant foods -- vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and legumes. Drink water. It will help you avoid hard stools and constipation, so you strain less during bowel movements. Fruits and vegetables, which have fiber, also have water in them. Exercise. Physical activity, like walking a half-hour every day, is another way to keep your blood and your bowels moving. Don't wait to go. Use the toilet as soon as you feel the urge.


Question: What are external hemorrhoids?

Answer: External hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus, where there are many more pain-sensing nerves, so they tend to hurt as well as bleed.


Question: What are prolapsed hemorrhoids?

Answer: Internal hemorrhoids are far enough inside the rectum that you can't usually see or feel them. They don't generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Sometimes hemorrhoids prolapse, or get bigger and bulge outside the anal sphincter. Then you may be able to see them as moist bumps that are pinker than the surrounding area.


Question: What causes hemorrhoids?

Answer: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. And they're more likely to hurt, often when you poop. Or it could come from: Pushing during bowel movements Straining when you do something that's physically hard, like lifting something heavy People who stand or sit for long stretches of time are at greater risk, too. You may get them when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn't clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.


Question: What are internal hemorrhoids?

Answer: They don't generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Bleeding may be the only sign of them. Prolapsed hemorrhoids usually go back inside on their own.


Question: How can a thrombosis happen in hemorrhoids?

Answer: And they're more likely to hurt, often when you poop. When the clot dissolves, you may still have a bit of skin left over, which could get irritated.


Question: What are hemorrhoids?

Answer: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. But you should see your doctor to make sure it's not a more serious condition. He can also remove hemorrhoids that won't go away or are very painful. Bleeding may be the only sign of them. Sometimes hemorrhoids prolapse, or get bigger and bulge outside the anal sphincter. A buildup of pressure in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell.


Question: How does retinitis pigmentosa allow someone to lose their peripheral vision?

Answer: Retinitis Pigmentosa ( RP): This genetic disorder damages the retina, the part of the eye that senses light. Night blindness is one of the first symptoms. You might also have a hard time telling different colors apart. Over time, you'll notice changes in your peripheral vision. You can get this condition at any age, but it usually strikes teens and young adults. Most people who have it are legally blind by age 40.


Question: How can I prevent losing peripheral vision?

Answer: There's no research to suggest it. But you can take control of some of the conditions that put you at risk. For example, glaucoma can strike anyone. If you're African- American, over age 60, or have a family history of glaucoma, you have an even greater chance of getting it. But you can lower your chances: See your doctor for a complete eye exam every 2 to 4 years, beginning at age 40.


Question: How does glaucoma make someone lose peripheral vision?

Answer: Most often, it's a side effect of other medical conditions. Two of these, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, are among the most common. Glaucoma: This disease is caused by the buildup of fluid and pressure in the eye. It can damage the nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain. When this happens, you may lose your peripheral vision. Over time, you could lose all of your eyesight. Luckily, doctors can prevent vision loss if they find your glaucoma early.


Question: How do doctors diagnose a loss of  peripheral vision?

Answer: He'll place a bowl-shaped device in front of your face. You'll wear a patch over one eye so each can be tested separately. While you look straight ahead, lights flash at different points around the bowl. You'll press a button when you see lights, without turning your head from side to side. If you have an eye disease, your doctor might repeat this test every 6 to 12 months to measure changes in your vision. People who have a higher risk for glaucoma should also be tested regularly.


Question: How is the loss of peripheral vision treated?

Answer: If you lose your peripheral vision because of glaucoma or RP, you can't reverse it. But you can be proactive and slow down or stop the damage. For instance, if you do yoga, avoid a pose makes you be upside down because that has been shown to increase eye pressure. If your doctor finds and treats glaucoma early, he can give you medications to reduce the eye pressure that causes it. If that doesn't work, he might recommend surgery. Studies show that vitamin A may slow down vision loss caused by RP. Your doctor can help you find ways to cope with poor eyesight and may be able to slow or stop the damage.


Question: What can lower my risk of losing peripheral vision?

Answer: If you play sports or work around the house, wear protective glasses or goggles to protect your eyes. Eye injuries can cause glaucoma. Studies show that regular exercise can help reduce eye pressure, the main cause of this eye disorder. If you work out, you can also lower your high blood pressure, cutting your risk even more.


Question: Is peripheral vision loss treatable?

Answer: But you can be proactive and slow down or stop the damage. For instance, if you do yoga, avoid a pose makes you be upside down because that has been shown to increase eye pressure. If your doctor finds and treats glaucoma early, he can give you medications to reduce the eye pressure that causes it. If that doesn't work, he might recommend surgery.


Question: How do doctors identify peripheral vision loss?

Answer: He'll place a bowl-shaped device in front of your face. You'll wear a patch over one eye so each can be tested separately. While you look straight ahead, lights flash at different points around the bowl. You'll press a button when you see lights, without turning your head from side to side. If you have an eye disease, your doctor might repeat this test every 6 to 12 months to measure changes in your vision.


Question: Can you prevent peripheral vision loss?

Answer: But you can take control of some of the conditions that put you at risk. For example, glaucoma can strike anyone. If you're African- American, over age 60, or have a family history of glaucoma, you have an even greater chance of getting it. But you can lower your chances: See your doctor for a complete eye exam every 2 to 4 years, beginning at age 40.


Question: Why do you lose peripheral vision?

Answer: Most often, it's a side effect of other medical conditions. Two of these, glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, are among the most common.


Question: How can I protect myself from peripheral vision loss?

Answer: If you play sports or work around the house, wear protective glasses or goggles to protect your eyes. Eye injuries can cause glaucoma. Studies show that regular exercise can help reduce eye pressure, the main cause of this eye disorder. If you work out, you can also lower your high blood pressure, cutting your risk even more.


Question: What are combinations of medicine for arthritis pain?

Answer: Some products also combine ingredients. For example, aspirin may be combined with acetaminophen in a single tablet for arthritis relief. Some medicines combine OTC pain relievers with other drugs, such as antihistamines, decongestants, or pain medicines to help you sleep.


Question: What over-the-counter NSAIDs are used to treat arthritis?

Answer: NSAIDs work similarly to aspirin to ease joint pain. Although there are more than a dozen NSAIDs available by prescription, only two are currently available OTC: ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin IB) and naproxen sodium ( Aleve). Ibuprofen is also available in many generic and store-brand products and, like acetaminophen, may be the active ingredient in products labeled "non-aspirin pain relief."


Question: What can happen if you take more than one over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever for arthritic pain?

Answer: Because many OTC products contain the same ingredients, it's important to know what's in the medicines you take. Otherwise, if you take more than one product, you may get too much of one ingredient. Overdoses of any of these pain relievers can increase the risk of side effects and even be fatal.


Question: What exercise can you do if you can't afford to go to the gym?

Answer: Put on some athletic shoes with good support and go for a walk or a jog. Or spend an hour gardening in the backyard. If the weather is bad, use what's available around your home. Canned goods work well as light weights for resistance training. You can also use your own body weight (for planks or pushups), or walk up and down the stairs. If you'd like to invest in a machine, look for lightly used exercise equipment at local yard sales.


Question: How can I find someone to exercise with?

Answer: Or spend an hour gardening in the backyard. Check the schedule at your local community center or YMCA to see what free or affordable exercise classes they offer. Find opportunities to connect with people who enjoy the same activities as you do. Once you get talking about your active lifestyle, you may be surprised to learn that there are already people around you who you can exercise with and who are working to get fit.


Question: Why should you exercise as you age?

Answer: At every age, it makes a huge difference in how you feel and move, helps you whittle down those numbers (like your weight, cholesterol, or blood pressure) that your doctor keeps mentioning, and even brightens your mood. Actually, not moving is much riskier and can speed up the aging process. Inactive people are twice as likely to develop heart disease, and they also have more doctor visits and take more medications. Remember, the more physically fit you are, the less likely you are to get injured. Improving your balance by doing things like yoga and tai chi may also help you avoid falls in your everyday life. That's enough to help your blood circulation and cholesterol levels, and it can brighten your mood.


Question: What are benefits of physical activity as you get older?

Answer: Remember, the more physically fit you are, the less likely you are to get injured. Improving your balance by doing things like yoga and tai chi may also help you avoid falls in your everyday life. When done regularly, exercise helps strengthen your heart rather than put it at risk. That's enough to help your blood circulation and cholesterol levels, and it can brighten your mood.


Question: What physical exercise is appropriate for your age?

Answer: First, talk to your doctor before beginning an exercise program. She can tell you which activities to try and which ones to avoid. When you get started, work with a pro who can show you exactly what to do. That way, you'll stay safe. Don't judge what you can do today by what you did in the past. Exercising isn't about running as fast as you did on your high school track team or when you were in your 20s. You can move at your own pace and still benefit.


Question: How often should you exercise as you age?

Answer: For overall heart health, the American Heart Association recommends 30 minutes of aerobic activity 5 days per week, and 2 days per week of strength training. Even a 10-minute walk is a good start. Once you get talking about your active lifestyle, you may be surprised to learn that there are already people around you who you can exercise with and who are working to get fit.


Question: What are symptoms of wheezing?

Answer: The symptoms of wheezing include a musical or whistling sound and labored breathing, particularly when exhaling; sometimes they're accompanied by a feeling of tightening in the chest. You can hear wheezing more loudly if you plug your ears and exhale rapidly, or by using a stethoscope to listen to breathing over the lungs.


Question: How can corticosteroids help with lupus?

Answer: Lupus makes parts of your immune system overactive, so it attacks healthy tissue by mistake. Corticosteroids weaken this immune response. Your doctor may prescribe them if lupus causes problems in your heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, or blood vessels. Taken as a pill or IV, corticosteroids work fast to ease the swelling, warmth, and soreness in joints caused by inflammation. They can also prevent long-term organ damage.


Question: How can anti-inflammatory drugs help with lupus?

Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can usually help you ease both of those problems. You can buy them without a prescription. Sometimes they can irritate your stomach, so take them with food or milk. Also be aware that using NSAIDs, especially at higher doses increase your risk for heart attack or stroke.


Question: How can antimalarial drugs help with lupus?

Answer: They are used to treat skin rashes, mouth sores, and joint pain. They may also reduce your risk of blood clots, which is a concern in some people with lupus. Antimalarial drugs protect against skin damage from ultraviolet rays in sunlight and may protect your body against organ damage linked to lupus.


Question: How do you treat lupus?

Answer: Treatment for lupus -- also known as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) -- depends on your symptoms and how severe they are. Treatment can help: Ease your symptoms Bring down inflammation Prevent and relieve flares Prevent organ damage and other health problems If you have lupus, you may have joint pain and swelling, especially in your fingers, wrists, or knees.


Question: How can immunosuppressive drugs help with lupus?

Answer: Like corticosteroids, these drugs curb your immune system, bring symptoms under control, and help prevent long-term organ damage. Your doctor may prescribe them if corticosteroids have not helped your symptoms. Immunosuppressive drugs are sometimes used together with corticosteroids. That way you'll be taking a lower amount of each type of drug, reducing the possible side effects of each drug.


Question: Which monoclonal antibodies treat lupus?

Answer: Some medications used to treat malaria can also treat lupus. It may help reduce your need for steroid treatment, but it has not been tested thoroughly for the most severe forms of lupus. Rituxan ( Rituximab) is another monoclonal antibody that has sometimes been used to treat lupus when other treatments have not been successful.


Question: What should I consider about my job if I have bipolar disorder?

Answer: Here are some things to consider: Decide what you really need from your job. Do you need to reduce your responsibilities? Do you need extra breaks during the day to reduce stress, or need time off during the work week to keep doctor or therapist appointments?


Question: What is bipolar disorder stigma at work?

Answer: Unfortunately, you may still run into people at work who treat you unfairly because of your bipolar disorder. Often, their behavior stems from ignorance. They might see you as "crazy" or think your condition is "all in your head." You might be able to head off problems by teaching people a little about bipolar disorder.


Question: When should you tell your boss about your bipolar disorder?

Answer: You don't have to talk to your boss or coworkers about your bipolar disorder. Your health is your personal, private business. But if your condition has been affecting your performance at work, being open may be a good idea. Your boss and coworkers may have noticed the changes in your behavior. If you explain what's going on, they may be more sympathetic and helpful than you expect.


Question: What should you do if you think you're being treated unfairly at work due to your bipolar disorder?

Answer: Talk over your feelings with your family, therapist, or health care provider. The Americans with Disabilities Act can protect some people who are discriminated against because of a health condition.


Question: What are varicose veins?

Answer: They almost always affect legs and feet. Visible swollen and twisted veins -- sometimes surrounded by patches of flooded capillaries known as spider veins -- are considered superficial varicose veins. Besides a surface network of veins, your legs have an interior, or deep, venous network.


Question: How do pancreatic neuroendocrine cancers develop?

Answer: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors arise from a separate group of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas. Like adenocarcinoma, islet cell cancers are generally diagnosed with imaging and biopsy. These types of tumors may cause no symptoms or symptoms related to hormones secreted by the tumor.


Question: How are blood tests used for the early detection of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Certain substances, such as carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) and CA 19-9, are elevated in people with pancreatic cancer. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.


Question: When is pancreatic cancer usually diagnosed?

Answer: Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. Pancreatic cancer symptoms frequently include abdominal pain, weight loss, itching, or jaundice (yellow skin).


Question: What is laparoscopy for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Using laparoscopy, a surgeon can collect tissue for biopsy, as well as see inside the abdomen to determine if pancreatic cancer has spread. However, laparoscopy has higher risks than other biopsy approaches.


Question: What is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP): A flexible tube with a camera and other tools on its end (endoscope) is put through the mouth to the small intestine, near the pancreas. ERCP can collect images from the area, as well as take a small biopsy with a brush.


Question: Is it possible to detect pancreatic cancer early?

Answer: Treating pancreatic cancer is challenging when it's discovered at an advanced stage, as is usually the case. Researchers are seeking methods of early detection, but so far none has proved useful.


Question: What tools are used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Answer: A doctor then embarks on a search for the cause, using the tools of the trade: By taking a medical history, a doctor learns the story of the illness, such as the time of onset, nature and location of pain, smoking history, and other medical problems. During a physical exam, a doctor might feel a mass in the abdomen and notice swollen lymph nodes in the neck, jaundiced skin, or weight loss. Lab tests may show evidence that bile flow is being blocked, or other abnormalities.


Question: When is a biopsy used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

Answer: If imaging studies detect a mass in the pancreas, a pancreatic cancer diagnosis is likely, but not definite. Only a biopsy -- taking actual tissue from the mass -- can diagnose pancreatic cancer.


Question: When is pancreatic cancer diagnosed?

Answer: Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. Pancreatic cancer symptoms frequently include abdominal pain, weight loss, itching, or jaundice (yellow skin).


Question: Can an endoscopic ultrasound be used for early detection of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Studies are ongoing to see if aggressive screening with endoscopic ultrasound works for early detection of pancreatic cancer in healthy family members. Early results are promising. However, endoscopy is an invasive procedure, so its use is only justified in people already at high risk for pancreatic cancer.


Question: What is a percutaneous needle biopsy for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Biopsies can be performed in several ways: Percutaneous needle biopsy: Under imaging guidance, a radiologist inserts a needle into the mass, capturing some tissue. This procedure is also called a fine needle aspiration ( FNA).


Question: How is a CT scan used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Based on a person's exam, lab tests, and description of symptoms, a doctor often orders an imaging test: Computed tomography ( CT scan): A scanner takes multiple X-ray pictures, and a computer reconstructs them into detailed images of the inside of the abdomen.


Question: What is an endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Endoscopic ultrasound: Similar to ERCP, an endoscope is placed near the pancreas. An ultrasound probe on the endoscope locates the mass, and a needle on the endoscope plucks some tissue from the mass.


Question: How is an ultrasound used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Ultrasound: Harmless sound waves reflected off organs in the belly create images, potentially helping doctors make a pancreatic cancer diagnosis.


Question: How is positron emission tomography used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Positron emission tomography ( PET scan): Radioactive glucose injected into the veins is absorbed by cancer cells. PET scans may help determine the degree of pancreatic cancer spread.


Question: Can blood tests be used for early detection of pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Certain substances, such as carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) and CA 19-9, are elevated in people with pancreatic cancer. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.


Question: If there is a mass in the pancreas, how do you know if it is cancer?

Answer: If imaging studies detect a mass in the pancreas, a pancreatic cancer diagnosis is likely, but not definite. Only a biopsy -- taking actual tissue from the mass -- can diagnose pancreatic cancer. Biopsies can be performed in several ways: Percutaneous needle biopsy: Under imaging guidance, a radiologist inserts a needle into the mass, capturing some tissue.


Question: What should you know about pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Unfortunately, a cure is rarely possible at that point. Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.


Question: Is pancreatic cancer curable?

Answer: Unfortunately, a cure is rarely possible at that point. Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.


Question: What are symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: If you have AFib, you may get symptoms like: Heartbeat that feels off, like it's racing, quivering, fluttering, thumping, or flip-flopping Pain in your chest You feel confused Feel dizzy or light-headed Get tired or weak Find it hard to exercise because you tire quickly Get short of breath Sweat more than usual Talk to your doctor if you have symptoms of AFib or hyperthyroidism.


Question: Which tests diagnose Afib?

Answer: You may get: Electrocardiogram, also called an ECG or EKG, to look at the electrical signals in your heart. It's the main test for AFib and takes just a few seconds. In some cases, you'll get a portable EKG to measure activity over a longer stretch of time. Echocardiogram, a video image of your heart that lets your doctor look for blood clots Stress test, which looks at how your heart reacts to exercise Chest X-ray to look at your heart and lungs The overall goal is to get thyroid hormone levels back to normal.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer: If you have hyperthyroidism, you may notice that you: Feel nervous, anxious, or irritable Have a heartbeat that's faster than normal or feels off Sweat more than usual Have trouble sleeping Get shakiness in your hands and fingers Have swelling near the front, bottom of your neck Feel tired or weak in your muscles Lose weight for no reason Get changes in your periods if you're a woman If you're older, the symptoms may be less clear.


Question: How is Afib treated?

Answer: To control your heart rate, you may get medicines like: Beta-blockers, usually the first choice Calcium channel blockers, if you can't take beta-blockers Digoxin, a more likely option if you also have heart failure Depending on your overall health and how likely you are to have a stroke, you might also get drugs to lower your chances of a blood clot. Common options include aspirin and warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven).


Question: How is thyroid disease diagnosed?

Answer: From there, you'll likely need different kinds of tests. Thyroid tests. You'll start with blood tests to check your levels of: Thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland and tells your thyroid how much hormone to make. Low TSH usually means you have an overactive thyroid. Thyroid hormones, called T3 and T4. If they're high, you likely have hyperthyroidism. From there, you may get other tests, like imaging or more bloodwork, to look for what's causing the problem.


Question: What is the link between atrial fibrillation (AFib) and thyroid disease?

Answer: When your thyroid is too active, it's called hyperthyroidism. You get more hormones than you need, which is like stepping on an internal gas pedal. Everything speeds up, including your heart. If you take thyroid replacement hormone -- because your thyroid is underactive or your doctor removed it -- a dose that's too high can cause the same issue. And that rapid heartbeat can lead to AFib, where the top chambers of your heart start to quiver and it can't pump as much blood as normal.


Question: Is the penile prosthesis implant safe?

Answer: No surgery is totally free of possible complications. Complications associated with penile implants include: Uncontrolled bleeding after the surgery possibly leading to re-operation Infection Scar tissue formation Erosion (tissue around the implant may break down) requiring removal Mechanical failure leading to re-operation and removal Insurance coverage for these operations is often good, as long as a medical cause of ED is established.


Question: How is meralgia paresthetica diagnosed?

Answer: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.


Question: What can squeeze or damage the nerve related to meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.


Question: How long does it take for meralgia paresthetica to go away after treatment?

Answer: It can take some time for your pain to go away. Some people will still feel numbness even after treatment. In most cases, though, you should be able to recover within 4 to 6 weeks.


Question: What causes nerve restriction or damage in meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.


Question: How is severe meralgia paresthetica treated?

Answer: Surgery to ease pressure on the nerve. Doctors usually recommend an operation only when no other treatment helps.


Question: How will my doctor diagnose meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.


Question: What causes meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: Nerves travel throughout your body, carrying messages to and from your brain. A certain set of nerves, called the sensory nerves, gather and send signals to your brain about your skin, muscles, and other tissues. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints. This may be due to swelling, trauma, or increased pressure in this area.


Question: What will my doctor recommend if I am diagnosed with meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: For mild cases, your doctor may recommend: Heat, ice, or taking over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen for a few days Weight loss Wearing loose-fitting clothing, especially around your upper front hip Physical therapy for a hip injury or to strengthen your leg muscles or abs If your condition is more severe, you may need: A corticosteroid shot to reduce swelling.


Question: What tests will my doctor do for meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.


Question: How are mild cases of meralgia paresthetica treated?

Answer: For mild cases, your doctor may recommend: Heat, ice, or taking over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen for a few days Weight loss Wearing loose-fitting clothing, especially around your upper front hip Physical therapy for a hip injury or to strengthen your leg muscles or abs If your condition is more severe, you may need: A corticosteroid shot to reduce swelling.


Question: How do symptoms of meralgia paresthetica progress?

Answer: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. It may go away and come back for no clear reason.


Question: What is the goal of treatment for meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: The goal of treatment is to ease the pressure on your nerve. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.


Question: What is meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: You might also hear it called Bernhardt- Roth syndrome. It happens when there's too much pressure on or damage to one of the nerves in your leg, specifically the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints.


Question: What are the warning signs and symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. It may go away and come back for no clear reason. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.


Question: What are symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.


Question: What is an electromyography test for meralgia paresthetica?

Answer: A certain set of nerves, called the sensory nerves, gather and send signals to your brain about your skin, muscles, and other tissues. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.


Question: What are the different types of vaginal cysts?

Answer: There are several different types of vaginal cysts: Inclusion cysts are one of the most common types of vaginal cysts. They are usually very small and located in the lower back of the vaginal wall. Bartholin's gland cysts are fluid-filled cysts that form on the Bartholin's glands. These glands sit on either side of the opening to the vagina and produce the fluid that lubricates the vaginal lips (labia). Gartner's duct cysts occur when ducts in a developing embryo don't disappear as they are supposed to after the baby is born. These remaining ducts can form vaginal cysts later in life. MÃ¼llerian cysts are another common type of vaginal cyst that form from structures left behind when a baby develops. These cysts can grow anywhere on the vaginal walls and they often contain mucus.


Question: What are vaginal cysts?

Answer: These sac-like lumps are filled with fluid, air, or other materials. They're not usually harmful or painful. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Some cysts are so small that they can't be seen with the naked eye. Others can grow to the size of an orange. You can find cysts just about anywhere on the body, including the vagina. A vaginal cyst is usually located on or under the lining of the vagina. There are several different types of vaginal cysts: Inclusion cysts are one of the most common types of vaginal cysts.


Question: How do you treat discomfort from vaginal cysts?

Answer: You will have to keep the catheter in place for about four to six weeks.


Question: How do you treat infected vaginal cysts?

Answer: To treat an infected vaginal cyst, you may need to take antibiotics.