Question: How does medication titration for ADHD work?

Answer: The doctor will start your child on a low dose of medicine. He will need to be on each medication dose for about a week. That will give you and your doctor a good idea of whether it's working. If your child starts feeling side effects, it can help you figure out how bad they might be. Some side effects slowly get better over time.


Question: How often should I visit my doctor if an ADHD medication titration is going well?

Answer: If there aren't any problems after a month of treatment, see your child's doctor again. At that time, the doctor can make sure that: The medicine is working. The dosage is correct. The side effects are acceptable to you and your child. Once the proper dosage is found, experts recommend visiting the doctor regularly -- about every three months. The doctor will check whether your child's medication plan is still right and works.


Question: Does ADHD medication work?

Answer: Medication is an important part of the overall treatment plan for children with ADHD. Doctors often prescribe stimulant medications or other drugs to control ADHD symptoms like: Hyperactivity Impulsivity Inattention When on a proper dose, you may begin to see some of these get better.


Question: How can your doctor help with titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: That will give you and your doctor a good idea of whether it's working. If there aren't any problems after a month of treatment, see your child's doctor again. At that time, the doctor can make sure that: The medicine is working. The dosage is correct. The side effects are acceptable to you and your child.


Question: What should you expect in an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication titration process?

Answer: Like any medicine, ADHD drugs can have side effects. And they don't work in exactly the same way for every child. It can take time to find the right balance -- sometimes many weeks. But it is worth it. The doctor will usually tell you to give your child slightly more medicine every 1 to 3 weeks. They will continue this until your child's ADHD symptoms are controlled or they get side effects. The doctor will start your child on a low dose of medicine. The doctor will check whether your child's medication plan is still right and works.


Question: Can ADHD prescription dosages vary?

Answer: Medication is an important part of the overall treatment plan for children with ADHD. It can sometimes take weeks or months to arrive at the right dose for your child.


Question: How can you get better sleep?

Answer: Follow these tips to get better sleep: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. Create a relaxing bedtime routine. Make your bedroom cool, dark, and comfortable. Avoid caffeine in the evenings. Use your bed only for sleep and sex.


Question: Why is it important to see your doctor regularly if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: It's important for your doctor to see how well your lungs are working. Bring a list of all your medicines to each visit. Make a note of any changes, and call if your symptoms get worse or if you have any new ones.


Question: How can exercise help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: But regular exercise can improve your endurance and strengthen the muscles that help you breathe. Ask your doctor which exercises are right for you.


Question: How can stopping smoking help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: It's also key to avoid secondhand smoke. Ask your doctor which exercises are right for you. That makes it harder for your body and your organs to do their jobs. When you use extra oxygen, breathing is easier and you're able to do more every day.


Question: How can getting good sleep help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: It's also key to avoid secondhand smoke. Your doctor can suggest supplements if a healthy diet doesn't help you get to a good weight. Talk to your doctor about treatments you can get. Some drugs that can help you sleep might make your breathing worse. The flu and other respiratory infections can cause serious problems for people with COPD.


Question: How can oxygen therapy help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: If you're overweight, losing extra pounds can make your breathing easier. They might not bother your breathing as much. That makes it harder for your body and your organs to do their jobs. When you use extra oxygen, breathing is easier and you're able to do more every day.


Question: What topics might my dentist discuss with me during my child's first dental visit?

Answer: If indicated, the dentist or hygienist will clean any teeth and assess the need for fluoride. He or she will also educate parents about oral health care basics for children and discuss dental developmental issues and answer any questions. Topics your dentist may discuss with you might include: Good oral hygiene practices for your child's teeth and gums and cavity prevention Fluoride needs Oral habits (thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, lip sucking) Developmental milestones Teething Proper nutrition Schedule of dental checkups. Many dentists like to see children every 6 months to build up the child's comfort and confidence level in visiting the dentist, to monitor the development of the teeth, and promptly treat any developing problems.


Question: What happens during a child's first visit to the dentist?

Answer: The first dental visit is usually short and involves very little treatment. This visit gives your child an opportunity to meet the dentist in a non-threatening and friendly way. Some dentists may ask the parent to sit in the dental chair and hold their child during the exam. The parent may also be asked to wait in the reception area during part of the visit so that a relationship can be built between your child and your dentist.


Question: What is the difference between a pediatric dentist and a regular dentist?

Answer: A pediatric dentist has at least two additional years of training beyond dental school. The additional training focuses on management and treatment of a child's developing teeth, child behavior, physical growth and development, and the special needs of children's dentistry. Although either type of dentist is capable of addressing your child's oral health care needs, a pediatric dentist, his or her staff, and even the office dÃ©cor are all geared to care for children and to put them at ease. If your child has special needs, care from a pediatric dentist should be considered. Ask your dentist or your child's doctor what he or she recommends for your child.


Question: When should children visit the dentist?

Answer: It is generally recommended that a child be seen by a dentist by the age of 1 or within 6 months after his or her first tooth comes in.


Question: What happens during gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)?

Answer: The eggs and sperm are collected just as they would be in an IVF procedure, but after that, the two techniques differ. In IVF, the embryo is placed into the uterus at 3-5 days with a catheter inserted into the vagina in a quick and simple procedure. In GIFT, an incision has to be made in the abdomen and the eggs and sperm are immediately placed in the fallopian tubes using a laparoscope, a small telescope-like instrument. A laparoscopy requires general anesthesia, although it can still usually be performed as an outpatient procedure. If all goes well, once the eggs are in the fallopian tubes, at least one will become fertilized by the sperm and move on to the uterus, where it will mature.


Question: What types of infertility can gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) treat?

Answer: GIFT and ZIFT can be used to treat many types of infertility, except in cases where there is damage to or abnormalities of the fallopian tubes. These techniques can also be used in cases of mild male infertility, as long as the sperm is capable of fertilizing an egg.


Question: What is involved in gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)?

Answer: While in traditional IVF the embryos are observed and raised in a laboratory for 3 to 5 days, in ZIFT, the fertilized eggs -- at this stage called zygotes -- are placed in the fallopian tubes within 24 hours. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are just mixed together before being inserted and, with luck, one of the eggs will become fertilized inside the fallopian tubes. In GIFT, an incision has to be made in the abdomen and the eggs and sperm are immediately placed in the fallopian tubes using a laparoscope, a small telescope-like instrument.


Question: What are the advantages of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)?

Answer: For some women who haven't been able to get pregnant with normal in vitro fertilization, GIFT or ZIFT may be a good idea. The processes used in GIFT and ZIFT are closer to natural conception. However, in vitro fertilization techniques have become more refined. And since GIFT and ZIFT both require a surgical procedure that IVF does not, IVF is almost always the preferred choice in clinics.


Question: What are the success rates of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)?

Answer: The Centers for Disease Control groups together all procedures that constitute assisted reproduction technology ( ART), including in vitro fertilization, GIFT, and ZIFT. So there's no way to know the success rates of each technique. Combined, however, the most recent report based on data from 2015 and published in 2017 found: 29.3% of all cycles that used the woman's own eggs or embryos led to successful pregnancies. Single-fetus pregnancy accounted for about 70% of the pregnancies. About 82% of pregnancies resulted in a live birth.


Question: Do you need to call 911 if your heart skips a beat?

Answer: The answer is yes when you're also having shortness of breath, severe chest pain, heavy sweating, and dizziness, or you feel like you're going to pass out. You might be having a heart attack. Don't drive yourself to the hospital. Let an ambulance come to you. Paramedics can begin treatment as soon as they arrive. You'll get help sooner than if you go to the ER on your own.


Question: What does it mean when my heart skips a beat?

Answer: Most of the time, there's no reason to worry. But sometimes palpitations can be signs of trouble. Many say a palpitation feels like a heaviness in the chest, head, or even the neck.


Question: When is skipping a heart beat a warning sign of something serious?

Answer: It could be a warning sign of something serious. Call 911 if you also have: Shortness of breath Chest pain Extreme lightheadedness Caffeine: It's what doctors call a stimulant.


Question: Do you need to see a doctor if your heart skips a beat?

Answer: Yes, if your pulse is more than 100 beats per minute and you've not been exercising and don't have a fever. Yes, too, if you have: Palpitations coming in groups of three or more, or if they keep happening High cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure -- you're at risk for heart disease New or different palpitations Stress Exercise Caffeine Alcohol Hormones How does each of these contribute to heart palpitations?


Question: How can you know what's causing your heart to skip a beat?

Answer: Bring the notes with you to your doctor's appointment. He may suggest you have an electrocardiogram (also called an EKG). This test shows the electric activity in your heart and its rhythm. This information can help your doctor understand what might be going on. Having extra, early beats usually isn't dangerous, but it can be frustrating. It affects some people's quality of life. But once you know what triggers it, you can take steps to treat it and feel better.


Question: How does exercise cause your hear to skip a beat?

Answer: Exercise: Your heart rate rises when you work out hard. So you might feel palpitations before and after exercising, but not during -- that's because you won't notice the extra heartbeats when your heart rate is up. When you stop working out, your heart rate slows down again, but your adrenaline level stays high.


Question: How do you know if you have premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) if your heart skips a beat?

Answer: Sometimes there's a flip-flopping in the chest or the throat, or the heart may stop or skip for a brief second. So you might feel palpitations before and after exercising, but not during -- that's because you won't notice the extra heartbeats when your heart rate is up. This information can help your doctor understand what might be going on. This will trigger an arrhythmia, and your doctor will identify the area and send energy to cause scars and stop the irregular beat. Caffeine, nicotine, certain cold medicines, and even energy drinks can cause an irregular heartbeat.


Question: How does caffeine cause your heart to skip a beat?

Answer: Exercise: Your heart rate rises when you work out hard. You'll find caffeine not only in coffee and tea, but also in: Coffee drinks like lattes and cappuccinos Sodas (even some non-cola ones) Energy drinks Chocolate Some over-the-counter cold medications -- often the "non-drowsy" formulas Caffeine causes your brain to release adrenaline, and that speeds up your heart rate. Some people are more sensitive to it than others. But if you had a lot of caffeinated drinks in one day -- and you're also feeling tired and stressed out -- you could end up with heart palpitations and extra, early beats.


Question: How do you know if you have atrial fibrillation (AFib) if your heart skips a beat?

Answer: The answer is yes when you're also having shortness of breath, severe chest pain, heavy sweating, and dizziness, or you feel like you're going to pass out. You might be having a heart attack. You'll get help sooner than if you go to the ER on your own. That's when you may feel your ticker beating extra-fast. You may have more of it in your system than you think. You'll find caffeine not only in coffee and tea, but also in: Coffee drinks like lattes and cappuccinos Sodas (even some non-cola ones) Energy drinks Chocolate Some over-the-counter cold medications -- often the "non-drowsy" formulas Caffeine causes your brain to release adrenaline, and that speeds up your heart rate. Alcohol: Drinking raises your odds of having an irregular heartbeat.


Question: Can people recover from mental illness?

Answer: With early diagnosis and treatment, many people fully recover from their mental illness or can manage their symptoms. Although some people become disabled because of a chronic or severe mental illness, many others are able to live full and productive lives. The key is to get help as soon as the symptoms start and to keep up with treatment.


Question: What is mental illness?

Answer: Many people have had one or know someone who has. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. They can also vary from person to person. In many cases, it makes daily life hard to handle. But when an expert diagnoses you and helps you get treatment, you can often get your life back on track. Some common symptoms include: Problems with thinking (like being confused, suspicious, or unusually angry or sad) Keeping to themselves Mood swings Relationship problems Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) Abusing alcohol or drugs Feeling low on hope and not enjoying things that they used to like Thoughts of suicide or harming themselves or others Sleep problems (too much or too little) If you've had symptoms like these, talk to your doctor or a counselor to find out what's going on and what would help you. It's more common than cancer, diabetes, or heart disease.


Question: How common is mental illness?

Answer: They are very common. Some mental illnesses may be triggered or worsened by psychological trauma that happens when you're a child or teenager, such as: Severe emotional, physical, or sexual abuse A major loss, such as the death of a parent, early in life Neglect Major sources of stress, such as a death or divorce, problems in family relationships, job loss, school, and substance abuse, can trigger or aggravate some mental disorders in some people. In many cases, people get one or more of these treatments: Medication.


Question: How do I use a peak flow meter?

Answer: Here's what you do: Stand up or sit up straight. Make sure the indicator is at the bottom of the meter (zero). Take a deep breath in, filling the lungs completely. Place the mouthpiece in your mouth; lightly bite with your teeth and close your lips on it. Be sure your tongue is away from the mouthpiece. Blast the air out as hard and as fast as possible in a single blow. Remove the meter from your mouth. Record the number that appears on the meter and then repeat steps one through seven two more times. Record the highest of the three readings in an asthma diary.


Question: Why should I use a peak flow meter?

Answer: Readings from a peak flow meter can help you or your child recognize early changes that may be signs of worsening asthma. During an asthma attack, the smooth muscles that surround the airways tighten and cause the airways to narrow. The peak flow meter alerts you to the tightening of the airways often hours or even days before you have any asthma symptoms. By using your PEF with your asthma action plan, you will know when to take your rescue (quick acting) asthma inhaler or other asthma medicine.


Question: How do you determine your personal best peak flow number?

Answer: To find your personal best peak flow number, take peak flow readings: Twice a day for two to three weeks when asthma is in good control At the same time in the morning and in the early evening As instructed by your doctor or asthma care provider You should always use the same meter.


Question: Why should I use my peak flow meter every day?

Answer: Daily readings will help you: Recognize early drops in airflow Know when your child's personal best improves naturally as he or she grows If your PEF drops below 80% of your personal best, follow your asthma action plan and check PEF more frequently that day or as directed by your doctor.


Question: Who should use a peak flow meter?

Answer: Peak flow meters are very helpful if you or your child have moderate to severe asthma and require daily asthma medications. Even most children ages 6 and up should be able to use a peak flow meter with good results. People with moderate-to-severe asthma should have a peak flow meter at home.


Question: What should you do once you figure out your personal best peak expiratory flow (PEF)?

Answer: Once you have determined your or your child's personal best PEF, work with your asthma care provider to determine at what point you should start taking quick-relief drugs to relieve an asthma attack or seek emergency medical attention. These are called your asthma peak flow zones. All of this information should be recorded in your personal asthma action plan.


Question: How often should I check my peak flow?

Answer: To find your personal best peak flow number, take peak flow readings: Twice a day for two to three weeks when asthma is in good control At the same time in the morning and in the early evening As instructed by your doctor or asthma care provider You should always use the same meter. Daily readings will help you: Recognize early drops in airflow Know when your child's personal best improves naturally as he or she grows If your PEF drops below 80% of your personal best, follow your asthma action plan and check PEF more frequently that day or as directed by your doctor.


Question: How does someone take care of themselves during treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: Most people have reactions like: Redness Bruising Breast pain Less likely, but still possible, problems include: Infection Damage to fatty tissue in the breast Weakness and fracture of the ribs in rare cases Fluid collecting in the breast (seroma) Radiation affects each person differently. To help keep your energy up during radiation treatments: Get enough rest. Eat a well-balanced, nutritious diet. Pace yourself, and plan frequent rest periods.


Question: What will help someone recover from the side effects of radiation therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Good nutrition will also help you recover from side effects, heal, and fight off infection. It may give you a sense of well-being, too. If you have a hard time eating, work with a dietitian to find ways to get the nutrients you need.


Question: What is brachytherapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Brachytherapy delivers radiation to the cancer through something implanted in your body.


Question: How can someone lessen skin reactions from radiation therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Tell your doctor or nurse if you see skin changes outside the treated area. They may include: A slight darkening of your skin Enlarged pores on your breast More sensitive or less sensitive skin Thickening of breast tissue or skin A change in the size of your breast These complications are rare: Broken ribs Heart damage Inflamed lung tissue Lymphedema (swelling, usually in the arm) if you had lymph nodes removed Secondary or new cancer or tumor Sore chest wall These steps can help: Gently cleanse the treated area using lukewarm water and a mild soap. Don't rub your skin. Pat it dry with a soft towel, or use a hair dryer on a cool setting. Don't scratch or rub the treated area. Use only an electric razor if you need to shave there. Don't put on medical tape or bandages. This includes cosmetics, shaving lotions, perfumes, and deodorants. Choose clothes made from natural fibers like cotton rather than tight-fitting clothing or harsh fabrics like wool or corduroy. Avoid extreme heat or cold where you've had radiation -- no electric heating pads, hot water bottles, or ice packs. Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., even after you're done with treatment. The sun can intensify skin reactions and lead to severe sunburn. Choose a sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher. Wear protective clothing, such as a long-sleeved shirt, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat, too.


Question: Who can someone talk to about radiation therapy for breast cancer?

Answer: Long-term side effects can last beyond a year after treatment. Brachytherapy can be used alone or with external beam radiation. If you have a hard time eating, work with a dietitian to find ways to get the nutrients you need.


Question: How is aqueous tear-deficient dry eye diagnosed?

Answer: Other health problems that can cause aqueous tear-deficient dry eye include: Viruses Hepatitis C HIV and AIDS Lymphoma Sarcoidosis Hemochromatosis Amyloidosis Graft versus host disease Damage to tear glands or tear ducts If you have dry eye because your glands don't make enough tears, you may notice: Eye pain, burning, or redness Itchy eyes Feeling like there's sand or dirt in your eyes Blurry vision Eyes that feel tired after reading Trouble wearing contact lenses Not being able to produce tears when you cry Your doctor can help you figure out why you don't make enough tears. Because many people with this problem have Sjogren's syndrome, she'll likely test you for it. She'll take your medical history, ask about your symptoms, and give you an exam. She also may send you to get blood tests or to see a specialist. If Sjogren's syndrome isn't the cause, your doctor will check to see if your glands make enough tears.


Question: What are the two major causes of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?

Answer: Two major ones are: Age: The condition gets more common as the years pass. Tear glands have trouble working well as you get older. Sjogren's syndrome: This disease targets the glands that make tears and spit. So it causes dry eye and dry mouth.


Question: Can you get plugs to treat aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?

Answer: Your doctor may decide to plug the drainage holes at the inner corners of your eyes. This can keep the tears that you produce in your eyes for longer periods. After your doctor inserts the special plugs, you shouldn't be able to feel them. Most plugs are temporary, but your doctor may place permanent plugs if she thinks that they're right for you.


Question: What is aqueous tear-deficient dry eye?

Answer: These glands produce a constant supply of liquid your eyes need to keep them moist at all times. Each time you blink, the action drags tears along the surface of your eye. This keeps it wet, clean, and healthy. If your glands don't produce enough tears, you can get a condition called aqueous tear-deficient dry eye. It causes eye pain, redness, and vision problems. Other health problems that can cause aqueous tear-deficient dry eye include: Viruses Hepatitis C HIV and AIDS Lymphoma Sarcoidosis Hemochromatosis Amyloidosis Graft versus host disease Damage to tear glands or tear ducts If you have dry eye because your glands don't make enough tears, you may notice: Eye pain, burning, or redness Itchy eyes Feeling like there's sand or dirt in your eyes Blurry vision Eyes that feel tired after reading Trouble wearing contact lenses Not being able to produce tears when you cry Your doctor can help you figure out why you don't make enough tears.


Question: Can you get syphilis after you've already had it?

Answer: Even if you've had it and been treated, you can get it again by having sex with someone who has it.


Question: How do I know if I have syphilis?

Answer: Only your doctor can know for sure whether you have syphilis. He'll give you a physical exam, check your genitals, and look for skin rashes or sores called chancres. You'll also have a blood test. Results typically come back within a few days. That's rarely done.


Question: How does a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) work?

Answer: This can mean the difference between life and death for a person whose heart needs a rest after open-heart surgery or is too weak to effectively pump on its own or who is waiting for a heart transplant. The other end hooks up to the aorta, the body's main artery. A computer controller, a power pack, and a reserve power pack remain outside the body. Some models let a person wear these external units on a belt or harness outside. The power pack has to be recharged at night.


Question: How does bipolar disorder affect PMS?

Answer: These studies suggest that women with mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, experience more severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ( PMS). Other research has shown that women whose disorders are treated appropriately actually have less fluctuation in mood over the course of the menstrual cycle.


Question: What's the link between valproic acid and PCOS?

Answer: Girls and young women who are taking valproic acid should see their doctors regularly for monitoring. That's because the drug may rarely increase levels of the male hormone testosterone and lead to polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). PCOS is a condition that affects the ovaries and leads to obesity, excess body hair, and irregular menstrual cycles.


Question: How does bipolar disorder differ between women and men?

Answer: But there are some differences between the sexes in the way the condition is experienced. For example, a woman is likely to have more symptoms of depression than mania. And female hormones and reproductive factors may influence the condition and its treatment.


Question: What are the side effects of lithium in women with bipolar disorder?

Answer: The use of lithium may lead to low levels of thyroid hormone in some people, which can affect symptoms of bipolar disorder. If thyroid hormone is low, thyroid hormone medication is needed. Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies.


Question: When do doctors consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for pregnant women with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Other side effects of lithium include: drowsiness dizziness frequent urination headache constipation When symptoms are especially severe or require urgent treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) may provide an safer option than medications for their unborn babies. During ECT, doctors monitor the baby's heart rate and oxygen levels for potential problems, which can be treated if necessary.


Question: Do your genes play a role in type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Your genes definitely play a role in type 1, a less common form of diabetes that's often diagnosed in children and young adults. But they're not the whole story. Like much in life, it's a mix of nature and nurture. Your environment, from where you grow up to the foods you eat, also matters. Researchers don't know exactly how -- and how much -- all those things affect your chances of getting the disease. Your genes set the stage, but you can't be certain how it'll all play out.


Question: What's the link between HLA genes and type 1 diabetes?

Answer: If you have type 1 diabetes, you might wonder if your child would get it, too. Instead, a bunch of them play a role, including a dozen or so that have the biggest say: the HLA genes. They make proteins your immune system uses to keep you healthy. Some make you more likely to get it, while others can help protect you from it. Certain genes are more common in one group of people than in another. But even if you have genes that make you more likely to get type 1, that doesn't mean you definitely will.


Question: How does gabapentin (Neurontin) work to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: A small study shows that this muscle relaxant eases pain, fatigue, and tenderness.


Question: How do anti-seizure medicines work to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: Antidepressants can sometimes give you a bunch of different side effects, like: Nausea Fatigue Dry mouth Blurred vision Constipation Dizziness Change in appetite Drugs that treat epilepsy seizures may also help ease your fibromyalgia pain. These medications prevent sensitive nerves from sending too many pain signals to the brain.


Question: How do serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors help to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: They can help with pain, sleep problems, and sad moods. The two main SNRI drugs for fibromyalgia are duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and milnacipran ( Savella).


Question: How do tricyclics work to treat fibromyalgia?

Answer: They're an older form of antidepressant. Amitriptyline ( Elavil) is one of them. Low doses of these drugs relieve pain and fatigue, as well as improve sleep. But you may get side effects like drowsiness and weight gain.


Question: Do you need to keep getting bone density tests while you're being treated for osteoporosis?

Answer: A few of the most important reasons are: Bone density changes so slowly with treatment that the changes are smaller than the measurement error of the machine. In other words, repeat DXA scans cannot distinguish between a real increase in bone density due to treatment or a mere variation in measurement from the machine itself. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force and American College of Physicians now recommend against menopausal hormone therapy with estrogen or estrogen and progesterone For all of these reasons, as surprising as it may sound to many people (and even some doctors), rechecking bone density is not at all like checking blood pressure during treatment of high blood pressure. Routine bone density testing during treatment is unlikely to be helpful.


Question: What should I do if some foods bother my digestive system?

Answer: If you're sensitive to certain types of food, such as dairy or gluten, stay away from these items or cut back on them. Talk with a nutritionist before you ban a food from your plate to make sure you still get important nutrients from other sources.


Question: What is celiac disease?

Answer: It's a problem that involves both the digestive tract and the immune system. It's also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. When you have celiac disease, eating foods with a form of protein called gluten makes your body attack your small intestine. The damage makes it hard for your body to absorb nutrients, especially fat, calcium, iron, and folate, from food.


Question: What can I do to help prevent hepatitis caused by viruses?

Answer: There are several viruses that cause it, including hepatitis A, B, and C. To lower your chances of getting the disease: Get the vaccines for hepatitis A and hepatitis B. ( Right now there's no vaccine for hepatitis C.) Use a latex condom during sex. Don't share needles or take illegal drugs. Practice good personal hygiene, such as thorough hand-washing. Don't use an infected person's personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes. Be careful when you get any tattoos or body piercings. Protect yourself when you travel to areas of the world with poor sanitation. If you eat raw sushi, consider getting the hepatitis A vaccine.


Question: How do I take activated charcoal?

Answer: The activated charcoal that is used to treat a poisoning is a powder that is mixed with a liquid. Once mixed, it can be given as a drink or through a tube that has been placed through the mouth and into the stomach. Activated charcoal is also available in tablet or capsule forms to treat gas. This form is not used to treat a poisoning.


Question: Can activated charcoal help with hangovers?

Answer: As for hangover remedies with activated charcoal, there isn't really any evidence that it works.


Question: What are the side effects of taking activated charcoal?

Answer: When used to treat a poisoning or overdose, activated charcoal is usually safe, but it needs to be administered only in a health care facility. Side effects are more likely when it is used on a long-term basis to treat conditions like excess gas. Side effects. When you take it by mouth, activated charcoal can cause: Black stools Black tongue Vomiting or diarrhea Constipation In more serious cases, it can cause gastrointestinal blockages.


Question: What are some other, less studied uses of activated charcoal?

Answer: Other less studied uses of activated charcoal include: Treat a condition of pregnancy in which the normal flow of bile is affected (cholestasis) Prevent gas Reduce high cholesterol Prevent a hangover Early research about using activated charcoal to treat cholestasis of pregnancy is very limited.


Question: How does activated charcoal interact with medication?

Answer: Activated charcoal may reduce or prevent the absorption of certain drugs. This may include drugs such as: Acetaminophen Digoxin Theophylline Tricyclic antidepressants Do not use activated charcoal as a supplement if you take these medications. Activated charcoal may also reduce absorption of certain nutrients. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplement you're taking, even if it's natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications, foods, or other herbs and supplements. He or she can let you know if the supplement might increase your risks.


Question: Can surgery treat blocked tear ducts?

Answer: Intubation can cause side effects such as: A stuffy nose (saline drops can help relieve the congestion) More tearing (this should improve by the time the doctor removes the tubes) Movement of the tube (your doctor will put it back in place) A type of surgery called â DCRâ (dacryocystorhinostomy) bypasses the blocked tear duct. Doctors usually do it in adults who haven't improved with other treatments. They rarely use it in children. DCR creates a new route for tears to drain from the eye. Sometimes the new opening totally bypasses the tear drainage system and lets tears flow straight into the nose.


Question: How can an intubation treat a blocked tear duct?

Answer: Intubation may be another option if other treatments don't work. In this procedure, the doctor threads a tiny tube through the holes, or puncta, in the corners of the eyes. The tube passes through each tear duct to the inside of the nose. The procedure takes about an hour. The tubes stay in place for three to six months to open up the ducts and let tears drain.


Question: How can a massage treat a blocked tear duct?

Answer: When a blocked tear duct doesn't open on its own, these techniques can help infants and adults: One of the easiest ways to fix a blockage in babies (or adults) is to massage the lacrimal sac -- the area where tears drain from the eye into the tear duct. Twice a day -- in the morning and at night -- take a cotton swab or clean fingers and gently rub the lower corners of your baby's eyes, next to the nose for a few seconds. This motion should cause a clear fluid to drain out of the corners of the eyes. The pressure of the massage can pop open the membrane that covers the tear duct.


Question: How can I decide what treatment option will work best for my blocked tear duct?

Answer: Possible side effects include: Infection (your doctor will give you antibiotics to prevent this) Scars (from external surgery) Stuffy nose (you can treat this with a decongestant nasal spray) Bruises Discuss all your treatment options with your doctor. Ask questions so you understand how the procedure will help and what side effects it might cause.


Question: How can you treat a blocked tear duct that doesn't open on its own?

Answer: When a blocked tear duct doesn't open on its own, these techniques can help infants and adults: One of the easiest ways to fix a blockage in babies (or adults) is to massage the lacrimal sac -- the area where tears drain from the eye into the tear duct.


Question: How do I massage my baby's tear ducts to remove blockages?

Answer: Twice a day -- in the morning and at night -- take a cotton swab or clean fingers and gently rub the lower corners of your baby's eyes, next to the nose for a few seconds. This motion should cause a clear fluid to drain out of the corners of the eyes. The pressure of the massage can pop open the membrane that covers the tear duct.


Question: What are the side effects of intubation?

Answer: Intubation can cause side effects such as: A stuffy nose (saline drops can help relieve the congestion) More tearing (this should improve by the time the doctor removes the tubes) Movement of the tube (your doctor will put it back in place) A type of surgery called â DCRâ (dacryocystorhinostomy) bypasses the blocked tear duct.


Question: What are the side effects of dacryocystorhinostomy for blocked tear ducts?

Answer: DCR usually relieves the tear duct blockage and its symptoms. Possible side effects include: Infection (your doctor will give you antibiotics to prevent this) Scars (from external surgery) Stuffy nose (you can treat this with a decongestant nasal spray) Bruises Discuss all your treatment options with your doctor.


Question: What happens if tear duct blockage doesnât get better on its own?

Answer: If the blockage doesn't get better on its own or with probing, the doctor might try balloon catheter dilation. While your child is asleep, the doctor threads a thin tube called a catheter into the tear duct. A pump inflates a balloon at the end of the tube. The doctor then deflates and inflates the balloon again to widen the duct. Then he removes the balloon.


Question: What if my child's tear duct doesn't open on its own?

Answer: If your child's tear duct doesn't open on its own by age one, the doctor can do a procedure to remove the blockage. While your baby is asleep, the doctor places a thin probe into one or both holes that tears drain through and opens up the tissue that covers the tear duct. This is a pain-free procedure and, most of the time, undoes the blockage.


Question: How is dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery performed?

Answer: Doctors usually do it in adults who haven't improved with other treatments. The surgery can be done in one of two ways: External. The surgeon makes a small cut on the side of your nose, which they close with stitches. Endoscopic. The surgeon inserts tiny instruments and a camera through the opening of your nose. This type of surgery causes less pain than external surgery and it doesn't leave scars. The surgeon will place a tube inside the new opening while it heals. The doctor will remove the tube in about three or four months.


Question: How do I get the blisters from dyshidrotic eczema to go away?

Answer: But you can manage them with medicine, moisturizers, and good hygiene. They might start to taper off once you get into middle age. And if you have a mild case, it could eventually go away on its own.


Question: What should I do about dyshidrotic eczema if I am sensitive to nickel or cobalt?

Answer: If you're sensitive to nickel or cobalt, your dermatologist might tell you not to eat foods that are high in these metals. Nickel is in foods like chocolate, broccoli, legumes, and nuts. Cobalt is in shellfish, liver, nuts, beets, cabbage, and chocolate.


Question: How can I control blisters from dyshidrotic eczema at home?

Answer: Use lukewarm water and a mild, scent-free soap. Afterward, gently pat your skin dry. Take your rings off before you wash your hands. Moisture can get trapped under your rings and cause more blisters. Wear gloves with cotton liners whenever your hands are in water, like when you wash dishes. Put a thick moisturizer on your hands and feet every time you shower or wash. Rub it on while your skin is still wet to seal in water. You also might use a cream that has dimethicone to protect your skin. Turn on a humidifier in dry weather to keep your skin from cracking. If allergies set off your eczema, try to stay away from things that trigger them. Don't scratch the blisters -- you'll make them worse.


Question: What should I do if I notice blisters on my hands?

Answer: If you notice blisters on your hands and feet, see a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in your skin). He'll look at your hands and feet, as well as your nails. You also might need to see an allergy doctor (allergist). Patch tests can show if you have an allergy to nickel or another metal. During these tests, your doctor will put patches with a small amount of different metals or other things on your skin to see if you react to them.


Question: What treatment is available for dyshidrotic eczema?

Answer: If you have a severe flare-up, you might need to take a steroid drug, like prednisone, in a pill. An antihistamine like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) or loratadine ( Alavert, Claritin) can help with the itch, too. Or you might hold a cold, wet compress on the blisters for 15 minutes at a time several times a day. If these treatments don't work well for you, you might try one of these: Light therapy: This uses ultraviolet ( UV) light to clear up your skin. You might get a medicine first to help your skin respond better to the light. Botulinum toxin: These shots stop your hands and feet from sweating, which can trigger the blisters. Medicines that slow down your immune system: Tacrolimus ( Protopic) ointment or pimecrolimus ( Elidel) cream can calm the swelling and irritation. These drugs can be options if you don't want to take steroids. Draining the blisters: Your dermatologist can drain fluid from the blisters. Don't try to do this yourself. You could make the eczema worse.


Question: How bad can dyshidrotic eczema get?

Answer: Small, itchy blisters on your palms and along the sides of your fingers could be signs of dyshidrotic eczema. Blisters on your hands can make it hard to do things like cook, type, or wash dishes.


Question: What is dyshidrotic eczema?

Answer: Dyshidrotic eczema can be mild or severe. If you notice blisters on your hands and feet, see a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in your skin).


Question: How are oral health and general health related?

Answer: A healthy mouth and healthy body go hand in hand. Good oral hygiene and oral health can improve your overall health, reducing the risk of serious disease and perhaps even preserving your memory in your golden years. The phrase "healthy mouth, healthy you" really is true -- and backed by growing scientific evidence.


Question: Can oral health affect pregnancy?

Answer: Research has found an association between gum disease and rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints. Not all studies have found a solid link, but maintaining good oral health is still the best goal. If you're pregnant, visit your dentist or periodontist as part of your prenatal care. Consider it good practice for the role modeling that lies ahead for all new parents.


Question: Can good oral hygeine help my blood sugar?

Answer: With a healthy mouth that's free of gum disease and cavities, your quality of life is also bound to be better -- you can eat properly, sleep better, and concentrate with no aching teeth or mouth infections to distract you. People with uncontrolled diabetes often have gum disease. And some experts have found that if you have diabetes, you are more likely to develop more severe gum problems than someone without diabetes. Reducing your risk of gingivitis by protecting your oral health may help with blood sugar control if you have been diagnosed with diabetes.


Question: How can good oral hygiene lower your risk of heart disease?

Answer: Poor oral health has been linked with the development of infection in other parts of the body. Not all studies have found a solid link, but maintaining good oral health is still the best goal.


Question: How is poor oral health tied to infection in your body?

Answer: Chronic inflammation from gum disease has been associated with the development of cardiovascular problems such as heart disease, blockages of blood vessels, and strokes. Experts stop short of saying there is a cause-and-effect between gum disease and these other serious health problems, but the link has shown up in numerous studies. Eating a balanced diet, seeing your dentist regularly, and good oral hygiene helps reduce your risks of tooth decay and gum disease. Make sure you brush twice a day and floss and use an antiseptic mouthwash once a day.


Question: Is obesity linked to low testosterone?

Answer: Obesity and low testosterone are tightly linked. Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone. Men with very low testosterone are also more likely to become obese. Fat cells metabolize testosterone to estrogen, lowering testosterone levels. Also, obesity reduces levels of sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG), a protein that carries testosterone in the blood. Less SHBG means less free testosterone. Losing weight through exercise can increase testosterone levels.


Question: What is a sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?

Answer: This method helps ensure that only the lymph nodes most likely to have cancer are removed. It pinpoints the first lymph node a tumor drains into (called the sentinel node). To locate it, a radioactive tracer, a blue dye, or both, are injected into the area around the tumor. The tracer travels the same path that the cancer cells would take, making it possible for the surgeon to determine the one or two nodes most likely to have cancer. Cells or tissues that are removed using any of the methods described above are given to a pathologist, a doctor who specializes in diagnosing suspicious tissue changes.


Question: What is a fine-needle aspiration?

Answer: A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question. If the lump is a cyst (a fluid-filled sac), the procedure may cause it to collapse. This fluid will be looked at under a microscope for any signs of cancer. If the lump is solid, cells can be smeared onto slides for examination.


Question: Which breast biopsy procedure do you need?

Answer: The method your doctor recommends will depend on: The size of the breast lump or suspicious area Where it's located If there's more than one abnormal area If you have other medical problems Your personal preferences Fine-needle aspiration.


Question: How do I care for myself after a breast biopsy?

Answer: Small strips of tape, or possibly stitches, will remain over the incision site. Don't try to remove these yourself. They'll either be removed at a follow-up appointment or will fall off by themselves. You may be asked to apply medicine or ice to the biopsy area or change the bandages at home. Your doctor will give you advice on showering, bathing, and wound care. You'll get a prescription for pain relief if you need it, but you might be OK with an over-the-counter pain reliever. To lower the risk of bleeding, don't take aspirin or products containing aspirin for the first 3 days after the procedure, unless a doctor tells you to. The area of the biopsy might be black and blue for a few days afterward, too.


Question: What is an open excisional biopsy for breast cancer?

Answer: This is surgery to remove an entire lump. The tissue is then studied under a microscope. If a section of normal breast tissue is taken all the way around a lump (called a lumpectomy), the biopsy is also considered a breast cancer treatment. In this technique, a wire is put through a needle into the area to be biopsied. An X-ray helps make sure it's in the right place, and a small hook at the end of the wire keeps it in position. The surgeon uses this wire as a guide to locate the suspicious tissue.


Question: What is a core biopsy for breast cancer?

Answer: A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy. A needle is placed into the breast tissue. Ultrasound helps confirm the exact location of the potential trouble spot so the needle is placed correctly. Tissue samples are then taken through the needle. Ultrasound can see the difference between cysts and solid lesions. Stereotactic biopsy. You'll be helped into a position that centers the area to be tested in the window of a specially designed instrument. Mammogram films called SCOUT films are taken so the radiologist can examine the area to be biopsied. Using a local anesthetic, the radiologist makes a small opening in the skin. A needle is placed into the breast tissue, and computerized pictures help confirm the exact placement. Tissue samples are taken through the needle. It's common for the medical professionals to take multiple tissue samples (about three to five).


Question: What is a breast biopsy?

Answer: It's the only way to know for sure if a potential trouble spot is cancer. A small needle is used to take a sample of cells from the area in question.


Question: What do corticosteroids do to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: What they do: These drugs are strong inflammation fighters. They can quickly improve symptoms and ease swelling. They're less effective at slowing RA itself. Your doctor may prescribe them to get inflammation under control or when you have a flare. For some people, a low dose of steroids plus DMARDs or biologics controls their RA.


Question: What are examples of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Examples: These medications include hydroxychloroquine ( Plaquenil), leflunomide ( Arava), methotrexate ( Trexall), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Your doctor will call them â DMARDs,â which stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.


Question: What are examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Examples: celecoxib ( Celebrex), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin, Nuprin), and naproxen ( Naprosyn) What they do: Lower inflammation and help relieve pain.


Question: What are examples of biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Examples: abatacept ( Orencia), adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, anakinra ( Kineret), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), golimumab ( Simponi), infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), biosimilars to Remicade, rituximab ( Rituxan), and tocilizumab ( Actemra).


Question: What are the side effects of biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Side effects: Because they slow down your immune system, biologics make it harder for your body to fight infection. They can cause flare-ups of some infections that aren't active, like tuberculosis. Some people have reactions at the IV or injection site. More widespread IV reactions may include chest pain, trouble breathing, and hives. Each drug has its own set of side effects that you should talk about with your doctor.


Question: Is it important to start treatment soon after being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Even if your rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is mild, the sooner you start treatment, the better. One of the key goals is to tame inflammation.


Question: What are the different types of drugs that treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Some drugs help control the disease and limit joint damage. Others ease pain and inflammation but don't curb joint damage. You may take more than one type of drug. Your doctor will call them â DMARDs,â which stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.


Question: How do auras affect the senses?

Answer: You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. They aren't just distorted vision, though. They can affect any of your senses. Blind spots (scotomas) Vision loss in part of one or both eyes Seeing zigzag patterns (fortification spectra) Seeing flashing lights (scintilla) Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that aren't really there (hallucinations) Prickling, tingling, or numbness (paresthesia) Trouble finding words or speaking (aphasia) The aura usually lasts less than an hour.


Question: What do migraines feel like?

Answer: Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days.


Question: Are migraines with auras life-threatening?

Answer: Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras.


Question: Is migraine with aura life threatening?

Answer: Though they can hurt a lot and make you feel "off," these headaches aren't life-threatening. There are things you can do as well as medications and devices that can help treat the symptoms and prevent migraine with auras.


Question: How long does migraine with aura last?

Answer: Some symptoms might continue into the headache phase. Migraine pain is steady or throbs. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes. Adults are more likely to hurt on just one side. The headache may last from an hour to 3 days.


Question: What are symptoms of migraine with aura?

Answer: Besides pain, other headache symptoms may include: Upset stomach or vomiting Hot flashes and chills Stuff or runny nose Dizziness or spinning (vertigo) Sore neck or jaw Sensitivity to light, sounds, smells, touch, or motion Confusion Your doctor will give you a physical exam and check your muscles, reflexes, speech, and senses to test the nerves in your head.


Question: What are common triggers of a migraine with aura?

Answer: Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches.


Question: What pain relievers are used to treat a migraine with aura?

Answer: Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.)


Question: What drugs can prevent a migraine with aura?

Answer: You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help.


Question: How can you relieve the symptoms of migraine with aura?

Answer: When you're having a migraine with aura, stay in a quiet, dark room. Try cold compresses or pressure on the painful areas. Over-the-counter pain-relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help. Your doctor can prescribe larger doses of NSAIDs. ( Do not use aspirin in anyone under the age of 19.)


Question: Who is more likely to get migraine with aura?

Answer: Migraine often runs in families. They frequently begin in childhood and get worse through adolescence. Although more boys than girls have migraine, more adult women than men have them. Over time, you'll get fewer, and they become less common after age 50.


Question: Are prescription recipes used to treat a migraine with aura?

Answer: The prescription medications are called triptans and include such medicines as almotriptan ( Axert), eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), naratriptan ( Amerge), rizatriptan ( Maxalt) and sumatriptan ( Imitrex). Ergots ( Migergot, Cafergot) may also be effective in treating migraine pain. Other medications can ease related symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.


Question: What blood tests are used to diagnose a migraine with aura?

Answer: Blood tests and imaging, such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, can help rule out other causes like an infection and bleeding.


Question: Where do migraine auras come from?

Answer: The aura which about 25% of migraine sufferers experience is believed to be due to this electrical wave moving across the part of your brain that processes signals from your senses.


Question: Can a headache diary help diagnose a migraine with  aura?

Answer: Common ones include: Foods Medications Stress Being tired, sick, or hungry Hormone level changes Flickering or flashing light Air pressure or altitude changes A headache diary can help you and your doctor figure out what might be setting off your headaches. Note the date and time of the migraine, any foods you ate, what you were doing, and any medication you took before the headache began. It may take several weeks to begin to see a pattern.


Question: Is transcranial magnetic stimulation used to treat a migraine with aura?

Answer: A device called Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). You'll need a prescription for any of these gadgets, too.


Question: What characterizes a migraine with aura?

Answer: Migraines with aura account for about a quarter of all migraines. Even if you get auras, you may not have one with every migraine. Some children and older adults may get an aura without later pain. You usually feel it on the front or side of your head, around the eyes.


Question: Why do serotonin and dopamine cause migraines with aura?

Answer: According to the theory, a wave of nerve cell activity spreads across the brain and excites the trigeminal nerve. This excitation causes the release of a variety of neurotransmitters which caused a change in the size of the blood vessels releasing more neurotransmitters and ultimately causing an inflammatory process and pain. You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: What causes migraine with aura?

Answer: Scientists aren't sure what causes migraine, but several brain chemicals probably play a role. According to the theory, a wave of nerve cell activity spreads across the brain and excites the trigeminal nerve. The aura which about 25% of migraine sufferers experience is believed to be due to this electrical wave moving across the part of your brain that processes signals from your senses. You may: Have food cravings Get "hyper" or cranky Be fatigued and yawn more Feel stiff, especially your neck Need to urinate more often Get constipated or have diarrhea Auras often start about an hour or so before the headache. Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: How can plantar fasciitis lead to foot pain?

Answer: This is the most common cause of arch pain. Plantar fasciitis can affect the heel, arch, or both. Treatment is the same regardless of the location. For persistent plantar fasciitis, an injection with a mixture of a steroid and local anesthetic can be helpful.


Question: How can heel spurs lead to foot pain?

Answer: These are abnormal growths of bone on the bottom of your heel. You can get them from wearing the wrong shoes or from an abnormal walk or posture, or even from activities like running. The spurs may hurt while you're walking or standing. Lots of people have them, but most don't have pain. People with flat feet or high arches are more likely to have painful heel spurs.


Question: How can a heel fracture lead to foot pain?

Answer: A heel fracture is usually a high-impact injury such as from a fall or car accident. Your heel bone may not just break, it could also shatter. Heel pain, bruising, swelling, or trouble walking are the main symptoms.


Question: How can hallux rigidus lead to foot pain?

Answer: Hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) is a type of arthritis at the base of the big toe. Symptoms are pain and stiffness of the joint that worsens over time. Treatment can include pain relievers and stretching exercises. Surgery may be needed in some cases.


Question: How can you treat heel pain?

Answer: To treat it: Rest your foot. Do heel and foot muscle stretches. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Wear shoes with good arch support and a cushioned sole.


Question: How can a bunion lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: A bunion is a bony bulge along the edge of the foot, next to the base of the big toe. It's associated with misalignment of the first toe joint. Anyone can get them, especially if they wear ill-fitting or uncomfortable shoes. It often shows up as people age. People with bunions often also have hammertoes as well. Try changing to more comfortable shoes or wearing shoe inserts. If you're still in pain, your doctor may suggest surgery.


Question: How can neuropathy lead to foot pain?

Answer: Neuropathy, or nerve damage in the feet, is most often caused by diabetes. The pain can be burning, stinging, or feel like electricity. It can happen anywhere in the feet. Ask your doctor about pain relief options and ways to prevent further worsening.


Question: How can a sesamoid fracture lead to foot pain and how can you treat it?

Answer: A sesamoid fracture is a break in the small bones (sesamoids) that are embedded in tendons attached to the big toe. Pain in and around the big toe is the main symptom. To treat it: Rest, ice, and elevate your foot. Wear stiff-soled shoes or foot pads to relieve pressure. Take pain relievers. If you're still in pain, talk to your doctor.


Question: How do fallen arches (flat feet) lead to foot pain?

Answer: Fallen arches , or flat feet, happen when the arches of the feet flatten out (often when standing or walking), causing foot pain and other problems. Flat feet can be treated with shoe inserts, shoe adjustments, rest, ice, using a walking cane or brace, or physical therapy. Sometimes surgery is necessary.


Question: How can you treat foot pain from a stone bruise?

Answer: In the meantime: Rest your foot. Ice the area. Take over-the-counter pain relievers.


Question: How can a toe sprain lead to foot pain?

Answer: A toe sprain may happen when you jam or stub your toe, damaging the tendon or soft tissues of the toe. If you don't have a fracture, the pain and swelling should go away within days.


Question: How do you treat pain on the foot's outer edge?

Answer: The outer edge of your foot, the fifth metatarsal bone, is a commonly broken bone in the foot. Pain, swelling, and bruising along the outer foot edge after an injury are symptoms. If you think you may have broken a bone, see a doctor and have an X-ray. To treat it: Take pain relievers. Rest, ice, and elevate your foot. Don't walk on it. Ask your doctor if surgery is necessary. A cast may be necessary in some circumstances.


Question: How can a stone bruise lead to foot pain?

Answer: A stone bruise is a deep bruise of the fat pad of the heel or ball of the foot. It's often from an impact injury, but it can also happen after stepping on a hard object. The pain feels like you're walking on a pebble. It will gradually go away on its own.


Question: How can an ingrown toenail lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: An ingrown toenailis when skin on one or both sides of a toenail grow over the nail. It can be painful and may lead to infections. To treat it: Soak the foot in warm water four times a day. Once daily, wedge a piece of gauze between the nail and wet skin. If these treatments don't work, see a doctor.


Question: How can a claw toe lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: Claw toe is when your toe points down or up and is unable to straighten. It's often the result of nerve damage from diseases like diabetes or alcoholism, which weakens the muscles in your foot. Without special footwear to accommodate the claw toe, you may develop irritation and calluses. To treat it: Change to better-fitting footwear. Avoid high heels and tight shoes. Do stretches for your toes and toe joints. Try shoe inserts. Ask your doctor about surgery.


Question: How can a toe fracture lead to foot pain?

Answer: Minor fractures may only require rest, ice, and pain relievers. Serious fractures may need surgery. Go to a doctor to be sure. The outer edge of your foot, the fifth metatarsal bone, is a commonly broken bone in the foot.


Question: How can gout lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: Gout , which is a form of arthritis, can causes pain in the toes. Crystals collect in toe joints, causing severe pain and swelling. Ice the area. Take medication such as colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), or prednisone Avoid foods that can make gout worse. To treat it: Rest your foot.


Question: How can a hammertoe lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: It can come from a muscle imbalance, but it can also be brought on by wearing ill-fitting shoes. Your doctor will likely recommend you wear shoes with a wide, deep toe bed. She may also give you exercises to stretch your toe muscles. If you still have problems, you can talk to your doctor about surgery. Turf toe is when you feel pain at the base of the big toe.


Question: How can corns and calluses lead to foot pain and how do you treat them?

Answer: Sometimes surgery is necessary. Corns are thick buildups of tough skin on a point of irritation or pressure on the foot or toe. Calluses are wider areas of tough skin buildup on the toes or feet. They happen as a result of irritation or pressure. Calluses and corns are generally caused by poor-fitting footwear. To treat them: Wear better-fitting shoes. Soak the foot and use a pumice stone to wear down the extra skin.


Question: How can Morton's neuroma lead to foot pain and how do you treat it?

Answer: That's an irritation or inflammation of the band of tough tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. You feel this pain and inflammation in the ball of your foot. Women have it more often. It can be a result of wearing high heels or tight shoes. To treat it: Wear shoe inserts to reduce pressure on the nerve. Get a steroid or other injection into the foot. Avoid activities that put pressure on the neuroma. Ask your doctor about surgery. Wear low-heeled shoes. Take pain relievers.


Question: How can you treat foot pain from heel spurs?

Answer: To treat them: Wear a cutout heel pad. Use a custom-made insert (called an orthotic) worn in the shoe. Wear shoes that fit well and have shock-absorbing soles. Try physical therapy. If you still have pain, ask your doctor about medical procedures. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Ice and rest your foot.


Question: How does eating smart boost the immune system?

Answer: When you're on immunotherapy, eat a range of healthy foods. Fruits, vegetables, and protein are all important. The goal is to get different nutrients to support your immune system and your body's other systems. Even if you're not that hungry during treatment, try to have small amounts of foods you know are good for you.


Question: How does sleeping well boost the immune system?

Answer: Aim for 7 hours of sleep a night. It isn't bad to get less sometimes, but if you don't get enough most nights, it could strain your system. That means you'll be more likely to get sick from colds, the flu, and more serious infections. You also won't be able to recover from them as well as a healthy person.


Question: How does avoiding illness boost the immune system?

Answer: Other ways to ease stress include: Deep breathing Massage Meditation Reading Listening to music Talking to a mental health professional You want your immune system focused on fighting cancer, not stomach bugs or colds, so steer clear of crowded places where germs abound. But even your kitchen has surprising risks for a weak immune system. These tips can help protect you from bacteria there: Thoroughly wash your hands before and after food prep. Set the fridge temperature at or below 40 F. Put a dish under thawing meat, fish, or poultry to catch drips. Wash fruits and veggies before you peel or cut them. Don't eat raw sprouts. Rinse packaged salads and similar items, even those labeled âprewashed."


Question: What are some reasons why someone's immune system could be weakened on immunotherapy?

Answer: One is that people tend to take newer immunotherapy drugs after other options failed. Those treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, are known to lower your immune response. Keep in mind that there may be times when you shouldn't exercise.


Question: What diet plans should I avoid during immunotherapy?

Answer: Eating smart also means knowing what to avoid. Skip supplements that claim âimmune supportâ on the label. They could affect your treatment. They also aren't likely to boost your health. You should also skip âcancer cureâ diets. These tips can help protect you from bacteria there: Thoroughly wash your hands before and after food prep.


Question: How does medications cause diarrhea in children, and what is the treatment for it?

Answer: Medications like laxatives or antibiotics can also lead to diarrhea in children as well as adults. For mild diarrhea caused by medication, keep your child safely hydrated. If a course of antibiotics is causing your child's diarrhea, be sure to continue the medication and call your doctor. Your doctor may recommend reducing the dose, changing your diet, adding a probiotic or switching to a different antibiotic. Studies show that yogurt with live cultures or probiotics can help ease diarrhea caused by antibiotics. Cultures and probiotics help replenish healthy gut bacteria killed by antibiotics.


Question: What are the common causes and treatments of diarrhea in children?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Diarrhea is the body's way of ridding itself of germs, and most episodes last a few days to a week. Diarrhea often occurs with fever, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and dehydration. Some of the most common reasons kids get diarrhea include: Infection from viruses like rotavirus, bacteria like salmonella and, rarely, parasites like giardia.


Question: When should I call my doctor about my child's diarrhea?

Answer: Severe dehydration is dangerous; it can cause seizures, brain damage, even death. Call your doctor if your child has: Dizziness and light-headedness Dry, sticky mouth Dark yellow urine, or very little or no urine Few or no tears when crying Cool, dry skin Lack of energy Diarrhea usually goes away in a few days, but it can lead to complications. Call 911 if your child: Is too weak to stand up Is confused or dizzy Call your doctor right away if your child: Seems very sick Has had diarrhea more than three days Is younger than 6 months old Is vomiting bloody green or yellow fluid Can't hold down fluids or has vomited more than two times Has a fever over 105 ° F or is under age 6 months with a fever over 100.4 ° F (determined by a rectal thermometer) Seems dehydrated Has bloody stool Is less than a month old with three or more episodes of diarrhea Passes more than four diarrhea stools in eight hours and isn't drinking enough Has a weak immune system Has a rash Has stomach pain for more than two hours Has not urinated in 6 hours if a baby or 12 hours if a child NOTE: If your infant has a fever of over 100.4 F, do not give him fever medicine.


Question: When should I call 911 about my child's diarrhea?

Answer: Severe dehydration is dangerous; it can cause seizures, brain damage, even death. Call your doctor if your child has: Dizziness and light-headedness Dry, sticky mouth Dark yellow urine, or very little or no urine Few or no tears when crying Cool, dry skin Lack of energy Diarrhea usually goes away in a few days, but it can lead to complications. Call 911 if your child: Is too weak to stand up Is confused or dizzy Call your doctor right away if your child: Seems very sick Has had diarrhea more than three days Is younger than 6 months old Is vomiting bloody green or yellow fluid Can't hold down fluids or has vomited more than two times Has a fever over 105 ° F or is under age 6 months with a fever over 100.4 ° F (determined by a rectal thermometer) Seems dehydrated Has bloody stool Is less than a month old with three or more episodes of diarrhea Passes more than four diarrhea stools in eight hours and isn't drinking enough Has a weak immune system Has a rash Has stomach pain for more than two hours Has not urinated in 6 hours if a baby or 12 hours if a child NOTE: If your infant has a fever of over 100.4 F, do not give him fever medicine.


Question: What are some less common causes of diarrhea in children?

Answer: Why do children get diarrhea more often than adults? Symptoms usually come on quickly, may include vomiting, and tend to go away within 24 hours. Treatment for food poisoning-related diarrhea is the same as for the diarrhea caused by infection: Keep your child hydrated and call your doctor with any questions. Other causes of diarrhea include irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease, food allergies, and celiac disease. If you're not sure what's causing your child's diarrhea, give your doctor a call.


Question: Does palliative care mean you are dying?

Answer: Not necessarily. It's true that palliative care does serve many people with life-threatening or terminal illnesses. But some people are cured and no longer need palliative care. Others move in and out of palliative care, as needed.


Question: What diseases can be treated with palliative care?

Answer: Today, patients with cancer, heart disease, chronic lung disease, AIDS, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), and many other serious illnesses are eligible for palliative care.


Question: What are symptoms palliative care may help?

Answer: Here are some symptoms that palliative care may address: Pain Constipation Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Bowel or bladder problems Loss of appetite, weight loss, or wasting Shortness of breath or labored breathing Coughing Depression Delirium or mental confusion Weakness Difficulty sleeping You may start palliative care at any stage of your illness, even as soon as you receive a diagnosis and begin treatment.


Question: How effective are cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of dementia?

Answer: These medicines include: Donepezil ( Aricept) Galantamine ( Razadyne, Razadyne ER, Reminyl) Rivastigmine ( Exelon) What to expect: Most people with Alzheimer's who take one of these medications get some benefit from it, including less anxiety, improved motivation, and better concentration and memory. And some are able to continue with their regular activities. But the improvements don't seem to last long -- about 6 to 12 months. They mainly delay the worsening of the disease for a period of time. All three medicines work similarly, but one might work better for your loved one than it does for someone else.


Question: What are side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of dementia?

Answer: They prescribe them for other kinds of dementia as well. Side effects: Most people don't have side effects when they take cholinesterase inhibitors, but some do have: Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite More frequent bowel movements Bruising Muscle cramps Headaches Fatigue Insomnia If your loved one has moderate to severe Alzheimer's, his doctor may prescribe him memantine ( Namenda) for his symptoms.


Question: What are side effects of memantine for the treatment of dementia?

Answer: If your loved one has Alzheimer's disease that isn't too severe yet, his doctor might prescribe him a cholinesterase inhibitor. What it does: Memantine could help improve memory, attention, reasoning, and language. Side effects: The side effects aren't as bad or as common as the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, and include: Constipation Dizziness Headache Confusion Fatigue Increased blood pressure Sleepiness


Question: Who is at risk for sleep disorders?

Answer: Anyone can get one, but they're more likely among: Middle-aged women, who are likelier to get insomnia Overweight, middle-aged men, who have a greater chance of getting sleep apnea Kids and teens are more likely to sleepwalk than other people.


Question: What are sleep disorder treatments?

Answer: If your doctor tells you that you have a sleep disorder, the treatment depends on what the disorder is and how severe it is. First, you'll probably make lifestyle changes. You'll want to improve your sleep habits, avoid caffeine and alcohol, manage your stress, and get more exercise. If you have sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a CPAP machine to help keep your breathing regular while you snooze. Losing extra weight also helps. If you take sleeping pills that don't need a prescription, you should tell your doctor if you use them for more than 2 weeks. Be sure to follow the instructions on the label.


Question: How much sleep do I need?

Answer: It depends, but adults generally need 7-8 hours per night. Kids and teens need more. The exact amount varies from person to person, based on many things, including your age. If you're drowsy or want to nap -- or even fall asleep while the sun's out -- you probably need more Zzz's at night. If your doctor tells you that you have a sleep disorder, the treatment depends on what the disorder is and how severe it is.


Question: How can you find out what you're allergic to?

Answer: Your doctor can check to see what you're reacting to, but finding the exact cause may be hard. Skin tests can only show what you're sensitive to. They can't tell what touched your skin in a specific spot on a specific day. Doctors often use the TRUE test. It's a pre-packaged set of three panels that your doctor will stick to your back. Each is smaller than a dollar bill and has 12 patches with samples of possible allergens. You wear them for 2 days. Then the doctor takes them off to see if you've had any reactions. You might need to come back a few more times, since some reactions could show up as many as 10 days later. You might be allergic to something that isn't in the standard TRUE test. To figure that out, your doctor may do more patch testing. He'll choose substances you might contact in your work, home, or hobbies. If you have a mild reaction in any patch test, you might need to follow up with a ROAT test. It works a lot like the TRUE test, but you do it yourself. Put the suspected allergen, say, sunscreen, on your skin during the day in the same spot over several days. This can help confirm or rule out your sensitivity. The dimethylglyoxime test looks for metal objects that have enough nickel to cause a reaction. Your doctor can test things in the office, or you can buy a kit to test jewelry and other items yourself.


Question: What causes skin allergies?

Answer: The most common causes of skin allergies include: Nickel, a metal used in jewelry and snaps on jeans, makeup, lotions, soaps, and shampoos Sunscreens and bug sprays Medications you put on your skin, like antibiotics or anti-itch creams Fragrances Cleaning products Plants, including poison ivy Latex, which is used in stretchy things like plastic gloves, elastic in clothing, condoms, and balloons Chemicals You're more likely to have certain skin allergies if you a have skin condition like eczema (your doctor may call it atopic dermatitis), inflammation in your lower legs because of poor circulation, itching in your private parts, or you often get swimmer's ear.


Question: How is contact dermatitis treated?

Answer: The best method is prevention. Find out what causes your rash and avoid it. You may need to wear gloves to protect your skin. When you do have a reaction, try to ease the symptoms and prevent an infection. Don't scratch, even though that's a hard urge to resist. Over-the-counter products and home remedies can help relieve the itching and stop the swelling. Try these: Hydrocortisone cream Ointments like calamine lotion Antihistamines Cold compresses Oatmeal baths Talk to your doctor about what's best for your specific rash. For example, corticosteroids are good for poison ivy, oak, and sumac. He can prescribe stronger medicines if needed, too.


Question: What is the outlook like for contact dermatitis?

Answer: Doctors often use the TRUE test. But you'll still be allergic, and the redness and itching could come back if your skin touches the wrong thing. Most skin allergies aren't life-threatening. But in some rare cases, a severe reaction called anaphylaxis might quickly spread throughout your body and make it hard to breathe. Call 911 if your lips start to swell or itch or you feel short of breath.


Question: What increases the chance of high blood pressure for African-Americans?

Answer: Being African- American is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure. Others include: Increased age Excessive weight A family history of high blood pressure Having diabetes Inactivity High dietary salt and fat Low intake of potassium Smoking The more risk factors you have, the more likely it is that you have high blood pressure or will develop it in the future.


Question: How does high blood pressure affect African-Americans differently?

Answer: These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease.


Question: Why does high blood pressure affect African-Americans differently?

Answer: To date, researchers do not have a definitive answer to this question, but some believe that high blood pressure in African- Americans may be triggered by the following factors: Genetic factors. Blacks in the U. S. also seem to be more sensitive to salt, which increases the risk of developing high blood pressure. In addition, black people in the U. S are more likely to be overweight than blacks in other countries. Some experts think that social and economic factors -- including discrimination and economic inequality -- are responsible for this difference.


Question: Why does the color of your clothes matter when it comes to avoiding tick bites?

Answer: This makes it even harder for ticks to find their way to your skin.


Question: What chemicals that are in tick repellents have unknown effects on pregnancy?

Answer: It's also unclear how the chemicals that are often used in tick repellents can affect the rest of your pregnancy. Many of them simply haven't been studied to see if they cause birth defects. The verdict is still out on: Picaridin Oil of lemon eucalyptus ( OLE) PMD (a chemical version of OLE) 2- Undecanone IR3535 DEET is a chemical that's found in most brands of tick repellent.


Question: Are all-natural ingredients safe to use to keep ticks away during pregnancy?

Answer: These include oils from: Garlic Rosemary Lemongrass Thyme Geranium plants The effects of these ingredients on pregnancy haven't been studied, either. If you apply them to your skin according to the package directions, they're probably safe to use. Still, they don't appear to offer a strong defense against ticks and may wear off quickly. Some of the items in these natural tick repellents can be found in supplements, too. Be aware that taking them by mouth won't help you repel ticks and could harm your baby.


Question: When should you check for ticks?

Answer: Do tick checks after coming indoors. Use a full-length or hand mirror to look under your arms, around your ears, behind your knees, under your hair, inside your belly button, between your legs and around your waist. Don't forget to check children, pets, and garden and lawn tools.


Question: How soon should you shower after going outside to prevent tick bites?

Answer: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks and closed-toe shoes â sorry, no sandals -- if you'll be in an area where ticks live. Use tweezers to remove ticks. If you remove a tick within 24 hours after it attaches to you, your chances of getting sick are low.


Question: What are the risks of a tick bite?

Answer: The verdict is still out on: Picaridin Oil of lemon eucalyptus ( OLE) PMD (a chemical version of OLE) 2- Undecanone IR3535 DEET is a chemical that's found in most brands of tick repellent. Some of the items in these natural tick repellents can be found in supplements, too. Remember: just because you've been bitten by a tick doesn't mean you'll get Lyme disease.


Question: Should you use tweezers to remove ticks?

Answer: Use tweezers to remove ticks. Grab hold of the tick as close to your skin as you can and gently pull it away. Wash the area where the tick was, as well as your hands.


Question: When should I see a doctor about my IBS?

Answer: You think you've got it under control when along comes a new symptom, or the ones you already have just won't go away. Should you make a doctor's appointment or wait it out? If you're not sure, it's always best to get it checked. Whenever you have a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome that lasts a long time, or if you get a new symptom, see your doctor. If you usually take over-the-counter medications but now they don't ease problems like diarrhea, gas, or cramping, you also need to see a doctor.


Question: Are fever, vomiting, and anemia related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you have one or more, or think you do, you should call your doctor. Any of these problems could point to another, more serious condition. Your doctor can help you figure out what's going on. Even if you don't think the problem is physically part of IBS, but it bothers you, tell your doctor. For example, if you're stressed out or anxious about it, or if you're losing sleep over the problem, let your doctor know.


Question: Is weight loss related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you find you're losing weight for no reason, it's time to get it checked out.


Question: How does weight loss affect irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: If you find you're losing weight for no reason, it's time to get it checked out.


Question: Is rectal bleeding a part of IBS?

Answer: It could just be a side effect from your irritable bowel syndrome constipation, caused by a tear in your anus. The bleeding also might be caused by a hemorrhoid. But if you have a large amount of blood in your stool, or if the bleeding just won't go away, you should get medical attention as soon as possible.


Question: Does acupuncture work as treatment for epilepsy?

Answer: In this traditional Chinese therapy, a practitioner places thin needles into your skin at various points around your body. Though acupuncture is helpful for problems like arthritis pain and headaches, it doesn't seem to improve epilepsy. One review of studies found acupuncture doesn't reduce the number of seizures people get. Acupuncture is safe when it's done correctly. If you do try this treatment, make sure the practitioner is licensed in your state and has experience treating epilepsy.


Question: How does yoga work as a complementary and alternative therapy for epilepsy?

Answer: Studies show yoga could help cut the number of seizures you get and improve your overall well-being. Meditation.


Question: Does exercise help with epilepsy?

Answer: A walk, swim, or game of tennis increases the amount your body makes of mood-boosting chemicals called endorphins. Exercise also calms the abnormal electrical brain activity that triggers seizures. Let your doctor know before you start any new exercise program. Avoid activities that could be dangerous if you have a seizure -- like scuba diving or skiing. And wear a medical alert bracelet, just in case you do have a seizure while you work out.


Question: Does meditation help with epilepsy?

Answer: In this relaxation technique, you breathe deeply, sometimes while repeating a word or phrase. Meditation helps steer your mind away from thoughts that stress you out. One form in particular, mindfulness meditation, might reduce seizures and improve mood in people with epilepsy.


Question: Does ketogenic diet work to treat epilepsy?

Answer: Normally, your body uses carbs for energy. The ketogenic diet is high in fat and low in carbs, so it forces your body to burn fat for energy instead of carbs. Ketones are substances your body makes when it breaks down fat for energy. The ketogenic diet has been used to treat epilepsy for nearly 100 years. Studies show it helps prevent seizures in children whose epilepsy isn't well-controlled with medicine. This diet might also help adults with epilepsy, but more research is needed. The main side effect is stomach upset.


Question: What complementary and alternative therapies work for epilepsy?

Answer: Some people with epilepsy turn to complementary therapies like acupuncture, vitamins, and supplements, and stress-relief techniques to help manage seizures. There isn't a lot of research to show whether many of these treatments work. If you're thinking of trying one, always check with your doctor to make sure it's safe for you. And use them only as an add-on to your regular epilepsy treatment -- not as a replacement for it.


Question: Does biofeedback help with epilepsy?

Answer: This diet might also help adults with epilepsy, but more research is needed. In biofeedback, a machine called an electroencephalogram ( EEG) lets you see the electrical activity in your brain. Over time, you learn how to control functions in your body that normally happen without you thinking about them -- like your breathing and heart rate. Some early research shows that biofeedback might help reduce seizures in people with epilepsy.


Question: How does your eye get its color?

Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.


Question: What causes differently colored eyes?

Answer: The condition is called heterochromia iridis, and it affects the iris, the colored part of your eye. Most of the time, it doesn't cause any problems. It's often just a color quirk that's caused by genes inherited from parents or by a problem that happened when the eyes were being formed. In rare cases, though, it can be a symptom of something else. It could be a health problem or a condition a person was born with. It's common in some animals but rare in humans. It affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.


Question: What are some disorders that are linked to heterochromia?

Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.


Question: What is acquired heterochromia?

Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.


Question: How does melanin affect the eyes?

Answer: Your iris gets its color from a pigment called melanin. It's what makes them blue, green, brown, or hazel. Less melanin leads to lighter eye color. More melanin leads to darker eyes. Sometimes, the amount of pigment in your eyes can vary: Complete heterochromia means one iris is a different color than the other. For example, you may have one blue eye and one brown eye. Segmental heterochromia means different parts of one iris are different colors.


Question: How can glaucoma cause heterochromia?

Answer: Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that.


Question: When should I talk to your doctor about differently colored eyes?

Answer: If your eye color changes after you're an infant, it's called acquired heterochromia. Talk with your eye doctor or regular doctor if this happens to make sure a disease isn't causing it.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about heterochromia in infants?

Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).


Question: How can eye cancer cause heterochromia?

Answer: Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.


Question: What disorders can cause heterochromia?

Answer: Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene. Some of these include: Waardenburg syndrome: This is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in hair, skin, and eye color. Sturge- Weber syndrome: A key sign is a large purplish birthmark on the face caused by problems with some blood vessel. Seizures are a common sign, but heterochromia iridis also can happen. Parry- Romberg syndrome: Also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, this is a rare condition that makes one side of your face sunken and wrinkled. Horner's syndrome: This is a rare disorder caused by problems with certain facial nerves. Signs of it can include heterochromia, different sized pupils, and a drooping eyelid.


Question: How can certain medicines cause heterochromia?

Answer: Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color.


Question: What causes heterochromia?

Answer: Some things that can cause heterochromia include: Eye trauma -- from being hit in the eye, for instance -- is one reason your eye might change color. More than 80% of eye injuries are caused by projects around the house, sports, or other recreational activities. Glaucoma, which affects more than 3 million Americans, is another possible cause. It's an eye disease that leads to increased pressure in your eyes from fluid buildup. It can cause vision loss, but early detection and treatment can help prevent that. Certain medicines, including some glaucoma drugs that lower pressure in your eye, may cause changes in eye color. Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes. Eye cancer: Melanoma can affect the eye in rare cases. It happens in melanin -- the pigment that gives your eyes (and hair and skin) their color. One sign of eye melanoma is a dark spot on the iris. But blurry vision or sudden vision loss are also common.


Question: What should parent do if they have a baby with different colored eyes?

Answer: If you have a baby with different colored eyes, talk to your pediatrician. You may also need to make an appointment with an eye doctor (an ophthalmologist).


Question: How can neuroblastoma cause heterochromia?

Answer: Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the nerve cells that usually affects children under 10. When tumors press on nerves in the chest or neck, sometimes kids have a drooping eyelid and a small pupil. They can also get heterochromia. See a doctor right away if your child's eye color changes.


Question: What problems does heterochromia iridis cause?

Answer: In rare cases, though, it can be a symptom of something else. It could be a health problem or a condition a person was born with. It's common in some animals but rare in humans. It affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Your baby probably won't have any other eye (or health) problems. But it can be linked to a disorder caused by a problem gene.