Question: How can you find a food trigger for eczema?

Answer: Some foods are more likely to bring symptoms. If your child eats lobster for the first time and breaks out in hives 15 minutes later, it's probably not hard to figure out. But with eczema, it's often tougher. Symptoms may not show up for days after you eat something. If you do find a trigger food and get rid of it, that may help. Still, it may not make the eczema go away. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.


Question: How do doctors test what foods trigger your eczema?

Answer: If your doctor thinks a food may be harmful, he may ask you not to give it to your kid for 10 to 14 days. Watch to see if it makes a difference. Food challenges. After you've taken a food out of your child's diet, your pediatrician might want you to add a small amount back in to see if it causes symptoms. A doctor can take an extract of the food and use it to scratch the skin lightly. If the area swells up, that could be an allergic reaction. However, it's not always accurate. Blood tests. Again, it's not always accurate. Other lab tests can check for cells that trigger swelling.


Question: When should I call a doctor about hives?

Answer: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines.


Question: How soon does a mild case of hives end?

Answer: A mild case often disappears on its own after a few hours. If it lasts longer, you can try an over-the-counter antihistamine.


Question: When should you call your doctor about hives?

Answer: See a doctor if your outbreak doesn't disappear in a few days, though. And get medical help right away if you notice symptoms of angioedema (such as swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat) or a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).


Question: When would your doctor prescribe antihistamines for hives?

Answer: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines. Treatment with corticosteroids, which you take by mouth, will sometimes reduce swelling when antihistamines don't work. But doctors usually save them for more severe cases. Your doctor may also consider a biologic drug, omalizumab ( Xolair), for chronic hives in people age 12 and over.


Question: Do you need an epinephrine kit if you get hives?

Answer: If you're severely allergic to bee stings or other insect bites, certain foods, or medications, ask your doctor about prescribing an emergency kit with epinephrine shots. You would use these to treat anaphylaxis. Always carry two epinephrine kits with you.


Question: When should I call 911 about hives?

Answer: You get hives and a dry throat, cough, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, trouble breathing, or a sharp drop in blood pressure after a bee sting or insect bite or a new medication. This may be anaphylaxis. Give yourself an epinephrine shot, even if you're unsure whether your symptoms are allergy related. You'll still need medical attention even if your symptoms seem to stop. You have symptoms of angioedema (again, that's swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat). You need immediate medical attention so that the swelling doesn't block the air passage to the lungs.


Question: How common is surgery for ulcerative colitis?

Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons. The reasons that surgery becomes necessary include: Medical treatment -- for instance, drug therapy -- fails to provide results. There may be a risk of cancer without surgery. The colon has ruptured. The patient experiences a severe, sudden onset of the disease. There is extensive bleeding. Treatment causes side effects severe enough to compromise the patient's health. Toxic megacolon has set in. In this dangerous condition, the muscles of the large intestine are dilated, and the colon can rupture. In some cases, surgery to remove the colon is recommended if other treatments do not work or if the side effects of medications are harming the patient.


Question: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgery?

Answer: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.


Question: How does the continent ileostomy surgery for ulcerative colitis work?

Answer: The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. To drain the pouch, the patient inserts a catheter through the valve into the internal reservoir. This procedure, however, is not the preferred surgical treatment for ulcerative patients. That's because of its uncertain results and the potential need for additional surgery.


Question: What is ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic (long-term) inflammatory disease. It affects the lining of the large intestine, or colon, and rectum. The rectum is the last section of the colon and is located just above the anus. People with ulcerative colitis have tiny ulcers and abscesses in their colon and rectum. These flare up periodically and cause bloody stools and diarrhea. Ulcerative colitis may also cause severe abdominal pain and anemia.


Question: What is a permanent ileostomy when getting ulcerative colitis surgery?

Answer: If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times.


Question: What tests can doctors use to diagnose ulcerative colitis?

Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.


Question: What types of surgery can treat ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed.


Question: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgeries?

Answer: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.


Question: How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed?

Answer: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.


Question: How often does ulcerative colitis flare up?

Answer: Ulcerative colitis has alternating periods of flare-ups and remission. During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.


Question: What happens during remission for ulcerative colitis?

Answer: During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.


Question: What are the benefits of ulcerative colitis surgery?

Answer: In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.


Question: What types of surgery treat ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed. If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times. Another procedure is the pelvic pouch or ileal pouch anal anastomosis ( IPAA). This is a procedure that does not require a permanent stoma. This surgery is also called a restorative proctocolectomy. The patient is still able to eliminate stool through the anus. In this procedure, the colon and rectum are removed. Then the small intestine is used to form an internal pouch or reservoir -- called a J-pouch -- that will serve as a new rectum. This pouch is connected to the anus. This procedure is frequently done in two operations. In between the operations the patient needs a temporary ileostomy. The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. If the entire colon and rectum are removed, ulcerative colitis is cured. This should put an end to the diarrhea, abdominal pains, anemia, and other symptoms. In addition, this surgical procedure prevents colon cancer. Overall, an estimated 5% of ulcerative colitis patients will develop cancer. The elimination of the colon cancer threat is especially significant for people who have ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon. In these cases, as opposed to cases of ulcerative colitis that affects only the lower colon and the rectum, the cancer risk without surgery could be up to 32 times the normal rate.


Question: How is schizoaffective disorder related to schizophrenia?

Answer: Schizoaffective disorder: You'll have a combination of psychotic symptoms along with depression (major depressive disorder) or bipolar disorder. You could feel very down, or swing between super high-energy or highly irritable and very low, too. Psychotic symptoms have to sometimes happen even when your mood is OK for you to have schizoaffective disorder. This is a rare, serious, lifelong illness.


Question: How is schizophrenia categorized?

Answer: Doctors may categorize your schizophrenia according to your main symptom to make a diagnosis clearer. But rather than saying you have "paranoid schizophrenia," they would say you have "schizophrenia with paranoia,â for example.


Question: What makes schizophrenia different from other similar disorders?

Answer: What makes schizophrenia different from some similar disorders in the spectrum is how long you've had symptoms and whether you also have signs of a mood disorder.


Question: Are there different types of schizophrenia?

Answer: Doctors who specialize in mental health used to divide schizophrenia into different subtypes: Catatonic Disorganized Paranoid Residual Undifferentiated. But that system didn't work well. Now, experts talk about schizophrenia as a spectrum disorder that includes all the previous subtypes. It's a group of related mental disorders that share some symptoms. They're like variations on a theme in music. They affect your sense of what's real. They change how you think, feel, and act. What makes schizophrenia different from some similar disorders in the spectrum is how long you've had symptoms and whether you also have signs of a mood disorder.


Question: What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Symptoms of colorectal cancer include: A persistent change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhea) Blood on or in the stool Abdominal discomfort Unexplained weight loss Anemia If colorectal polyps are found, they should be removed and sent to a laboratory for microscopic analysis.


Question: What happens if a colorectal polyp is found?

Answer: Symptoms of colorectal cancer include: A persistent change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhea) Blood on or in the stool Abdominal discomfort Unexplained weight loss Anemia If colorectal polyps are found, they should be removed and sent to a laboratory for microscopic analysis. Once the microscopic type of polyp is determined, the follow-up interval for the next colonoscopy can be made.


Question: How does colorectal cancer develop?

Answer: Colorectal cancer usually begins as a "polyp," a nonspecific term to describe a growth on the inner surface of the colon. Polyps are often non-cancerous growths, but some can develop into cancer. The two most common types of polyps found in the colon and rectum include: Hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps. Usually these polyps do not carry a risk of developing into cancer. However, large hyperplastic polyps, especially on the right side of the colon, are of concern and should be completely removed. Adenomas or adenomatous polyps. Polyps, which, if left alone, could turn into colon cancer. These are considered pre-cancerous. Although most colorectal polyps do not become cancer, virtually all colon and rectal cancers start from these growths. People may inherit diseases in which the risk of colon polyps and cancer is very high. Colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. This area of abnormal cells is called dysplasia and is more commonly seen in people with certain inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.


Question: How do you know if you have colorectal cancer?

Answer: Risk factors for colorectal cancer include: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps A diet high in red meats and processed meats Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 diabetes Being African- American Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. For this reason, it is very important to talk to your doctor about whether you are at risk for colorectal cancer and should be screened.


Question: Who is more likely to get colorectal cancer?

Answer: People at higher risk for colorectal cancer include those with a personal history of polyps on previous colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, and/or inflammatory bowel disease, strong family history of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps, and a family history of a hereditary cancer syndrome. Screening guidelines for adults consist of screening with colonoscopy starting at a younger age. However, the exact age to start screening and interval of testing depends on specific risk factors.


Question: How can you get colorectal cancer?

Answer: They grow slowly and often do not produce symptoms until they reach a large size. Fortunately, colorectal cancer is preventable, and curable, if detected early. Although most colorectal polyps do not become cancer, virtually all colon and rectal cancers start from these growths.


Question: What are early signs of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. Often tumors bleed only small amounts intermittently, and evidence of the blood is found only during chemical testing of the stool. This is called occult bleeding, meaning it is not always visible to the naked eye. When tumors have grown to a large size they may cause a change in the frequency or the caliber of the stool.


Question: What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Risk factors for colorectal cancer include: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps A diet high in red meats and processed meats Inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 diabetes Being African- American Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. Screening should begin at age 50.


Question: How can you prevent colorectal cancer?

Answer: People may inherit diseases in which the risk of colon polyps and cancer is very high. Some studies have shown that aspirin and other drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, may help prevent colon cancers. NSAIDs also carry increased risks of serious complications, such as stomach bleeding, heart attacks and strokes. Screening guidelines for adults consist of screening with colonoscopy starting at a younger age.


Question: What are the general colorectal cancer screening recommendations?

Answer: General Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations: These recommendations are for people at average risk for colorectal cancer without symptoms or a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. Screening should begin at age 50. Stool tests â a fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test -- is performed once a year. These are simple at-home tests that check for hidden blood in the stool from multiple samples. Or Flexible sigmoidoscopyperformed every 5 years. This is an outpatient procedure for examining the inside of the lower portion of the large intestine, called the sigmoid colon, and also the rectum. This test can miss polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities that are beyond the reach of the scope. If abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy needs to be done. Or Colonoscopy, performed once every 10 years; this is the preferred test. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years. This can miss small polyps. If any abnormalities are detected, a colonoscopy is needed.


Question: What tests are used to detect colorectal cancer?

Answer: In addition to getting a medical history and physical exam, there are a number of tests your doctor can perform to help detect colorectal cancer and polyps early. Tests to help detect colorectal polyps and cancer include: Sigmoidoscopy. This is a procedure used to examine the rectum and very last part of the colon. This test can detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities in the sigmoid colon and rectum. During this exam, a biopsy (tissue sample) may also be removed and sent for testing. Colonoscopy. A colonoscopy examines the entire colon and rectum. This is a special X-ray test (also referred to as a virtual colonoscopy) done of the entire colon using a CT (computed tomography) scanner. This test takes less time and is less invasive than other tests. However, if a polyp is detected, a standard colonoscopy needs to be performed. CT colongraphy (virtual colonoscopy) performed every 5 years.


Question: Can I use adult allergy medicine for a child?

Answer: Can I use adult allergy medicine for my child? No. Only give medication to your child that is clearly labeled for his or her age group. There are a few over-the-counter and prescription medications that are OK for children as young as 6 months old. You'll need to know the child's age and weight to calculate the correct dose to give. Your pediatrician or pharmacist can help you figure out which medications and how much, if any, are best for your child.


Question: What should I know about allergy shots?

Answer: Allergy Shots This is also called allergy immunotherapy and is only available from your doctor. The shots can help your body get used to your allergens. It can't cure your allergies, but your symptoms can get better for a long time, and you may have fewer allergic reactions. Allergy shots have to be taken every few days to weeks for several months. They are a good option for people with hay fever or pet allergies when other medications haven't worked. Side effects include redness, swelling, or irritation around the site of the injection.


Question: Whoâs most likely to have allergies?

Answer: Allergies affect men and women of all ages, and you can develop an allergy at any time. You may even find yourself suddenly allergic to something that never bothered you before. Experts aren't sure why some people have allergies and others don't, but there seems to be a family connection. People with a family history of allergies are more likely to develop them. So if you have allergies, your children will most likely have them, too.


Question: What causes food allergies, and what are reactions like?

Answer: Food allergies. Eight foods cause 90% of food allergies: Milk, soy, eggs, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Reactions tend to happen more in young children than adults. Fortunately, some children will outgrow them. Symptoms usually appear within a few minutes to 2 hours of eating the food and can be mild, like a rash, itching, or swelling, or life-threatening, like trouble breathing and swelling of the throat or tongue. Life-threatening reactions should be treated immediately with an epinephrine auto-injector. Then call 911.


Question: How can I tell the difference between a cold and allergies?

Answer: The symptoms are so similar that you might get them confused. Here's how to tell the difference: Allergies Cold Symptoms Runny, itchy, or stuffy nose, sneezing, wheezing, watery or itchy eyes. You could also have a sore throat, body aches, and fever. Watery eyes are rare. How long symptoms last Could last a long time, as long as you're exposed to your allergen. Symptoms tend to clear up within a few days.


Question: What are some types and symptoms of allergies?

Answer: People with allergies to certain medications (like antibiotics, aspirin, and ibuprofen) will have a reaction like a skin rash, itching, wheezing, swelling, even trouble breathing after taking them. When your skin comes in direct contact with something you're allergic to, like perfumes, dyes, metals, or latex, you may notice a rash, blisters, itching, and burning. Eczema is a chronic inflammation of the skin, resulting in itchy red patches. It can be triggered by certain foods, pet dander, dust mites, sweating, or coming in contact with something irritating, like wool. Insect allergies.


Question: How can I cut allergens in my home?

Answer: If possible, leave your home for a few hours after cleaning to avoid allergens you've stirred up. Also, make sure that your vacuum has a HEPA filter or special double filter bags to catch dust. Keep pets out of the bedroom. Zippered plastic covers also work. Wash bedding weekly in hot water (130 F) and dry in a hot dryer to kill dust mites. Repair indoor or outdoor leaks. Use a dehumidifier, and clean it often. Keep pollen out.


Question: Whatâs hay fever?

Answer: Also known as allergic rhinitis, hay fever is the most common type of allergy. It can be seasonal, meaning it only happens at certain times of the year (mostly in the spring or fall), or year-round. Symptoms include stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and itchy throat and can range from mild to severe. Seasonal: If you have seasonal hay fever, you are probably allergic to something outdoors, like mold or pollen. Ragweed is to blame for 75% of hay fever. Year-round: If you have year-round hay fever, you are probably allergic to something indoors, such as dust mites, mold, cockroaches, or pet dander.


Question: What are some ways I can treat my allergies without medicine?

Answer: You might have heard that there are ways to get relief from your allergy symptoms without taking medication. Herbal supplements: Experts aren't sure that taking supplements like bee pollen, butterbur, or goldenseal can help allergies. So if you are allergic to ragweed, some supplements may make your symptoms worse. Nasal irrigation : Pour a saline solution into one nostril and let it flow out the other to wash out mucus and allergens. Make sure you always use distilled or sterile water, boiled and cooled tap water, or water passed through a special filter.


Question: How can I avoid outdoor allergens?

Answer: You don't have to stay indoors round the clock, there are some precautions you can take: Avoid going out when allergens are at their peak, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Consider wearing a facemask when you're outside to limit how much pollen you breathe in. Wear a baseball cap during pollen season and leave it at the door when you come back inside. Avoid tracking pollen in your home by leaving your shoes at the door, changing your clothes, and showering and washing your hair immediately after going inside. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from pollen. Roll up the car windows and use the air conditioner when you drive. Have someone else do the yard work.


Question: How can I treat my child's allergy symptoms?

Answer: If you don't know what's causing your child to sneeze or wheeze, see your pediatrician or allergist. They will examine your child to find the cause of the symptoms and suggest treatments. When pollen counts are highest, consider limiting your child's time outdoors. Have your child wear a baseball cap outside, and when he comes in, have him change his clothes and wash his face (including eyebrows and nostrils). Medications can also help. But remember that treating children is different from treating adults. If your child's symptoms aren't responding to over-the-counter medicine recommended by your pharmacist, make an appointment with your pediatrician to see if other treatments like prescription medications and allergy immunotherapy might help.


Question: How can I ease side effects from allergy medication?

Answer: Follow a few simple strategies to manage side effects: Follow the directions. Tell your doctor if you've had any problems or unpleasant side effects from past medications. It can increase side effects like drowsiness or even make you sick.


Question: What are tips for feeding children with spinal muscular atrophy?

Answer: When muscles in the mouth and throat are weak, babies and children with SMA can have a hard time sucking and swallowing. In that situation, your child may not get good nutrition and may have trouble growing. Your doctor may suggest working with a nutritionist. Some babies may need a feeding tube.


Question: What questions will your doctor ask about spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) before a diagnosis?

Answer: SMA can sometimes be hard to diagnose because the symptoms may be similar to other conditions. To help figure out what's going on, your doctor may ask you: Has your baby missed any developmental milestones, such as holding his head up or rolling over? Does your child have trouble sitting or standing on his own? Have you seen your child have trouble breathing? When did you first notice the symptoms? Has anyone in your family had similar symptoms?


Question: What can help breathing problems in children with spinal muscular atrophy?

Answer: With SMA, especially types 1 and 2, weak muscles keep air from moving easily in and out of the lungs. If this happens to your child, he may need a special mask or mouthpiece. For severe problems, your child may use a machine that helps him breathe.


Question: What are symptoms of type 2 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: This affects children 6-18 months old. The symptoms range from moderate to severe and usually involve the legs more than the arms. Your child may be able to sit and walk or stand with help. Type 2 is also called chronic infantile SMA.


Question: How can I ease back issues of a child with spinal muscular atrophy?

Answer: When SMA starts in childhood, children can get a curve in their spine. A doctor may suggest that your child wear a back brace while his spine is still growing. When he's stopped growing, he may have surgery to fix the problem.


Question: What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. When your child has SMA, there's a breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The brain stops sending messages that control muscle movement. When that happens, your child's muscles get weak and shrink, and he can have trouble controlling head movement, sitting without help, and even walking. Have you seen your child have trouble breathing?


Question: How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treated?

Answer: What can I do to help my child become more independent? The FDA has approved two medications to treat SMA: nusinersen ( Spinraza) and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi ( Zolgensma). Both are forms of gene therapy that affect the genes involved in SMA. The outlook depends on when symptoms started and how severe they are.


Question: What are different types of doctors who can treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: He may need to see: Pulmonologists, doctors who treat lungs Neurologists, specialists in nerve problems Orthopedists, doctors who treat bone problems Gastroenterologists, specialists in stomach disorders Nutritionists, experts in the way food affects your child's health Physical therapists, people trained in using exercise to improve your child's motion This team can help you make decisions about your child's health. In other types of SMA, doctors can help ease a child's symptoms for many years and in many cases throughout his life.


Question: What tests can help diagnose spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA) most often affects babies and children and makes it hard for them to use their muscles. For example, they may take a blood sample from your child to check for missing or broken genes that can cause SMA. Other tests rule out conditions that have similar symptoms: Nerve tests, such as an electromyogram ( EMG). This is a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your child's body. This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your child. In this test, the doctor removes muscle cells through a needle in the muscle or through a small cut in your child's skin.


Question: What are symptoms of type 4 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. This form of SMA starts when you're an adult. You may have symptoms such as muscle weakness, twitching, or breathing problems. Usually only your upper arms and legs are affected. You'll have the symptoms throughout your life, but you can keep moving and even get better with exercises that you'll practice with the help of a physical therapist.


Question: What are symptoms of type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. Symptoms for this type start when children are 2-17 years old. It's the mildest form of the disease. Your child will most likely be able to stand or walk without help, but may have problems running, climbing stairs, or getting up from a chair. Later in life, he may need a wheelchair to get around. Type 3 is also called Kugelberg- Welander disease or juvenile SMA.


Question: How can I help a child with spinal muscular atrophy with his movement?

Answer: Is there therapy that can help keep my child's muscles strong? Your doctor may suggest working with a nutritionist. Special tools can control computers and phones and help with writing and drawing.


Question: What causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: SMA is a disease that's passed down through families. When this happens, his body won't be able to make a specific kind of protein. Without it, the cells that control muscles die. Your child may be able to sit and walk or stand with help.


Question: What are symptoms of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Answer: Symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of SMA: Type 1. He may not be able to support his head or sit without help. He may have floppy arms and legs and problems swallowing. Most children with type 1 SMA don't live past age 2 because of breathing problems.


Question: What are some tips for ordering ostomy equipment?

Answer: When you order ostomy equipment: Allow enough time for delivery when you order it. Re-measure your stoma before ordering pre-cut pouches during the first 6 months. Always keep an extra 2-week supply of pouch equipment. There is no good substitution for the products if you should run out. Keep a list of your equipment along with the order numbers, manufacturers, and sources of supply. Give a duplicate of this list to a family member or friend in case their help is needed in an emergency. Check several retailers for the best equipment prices. Some suppliers will help you with Medicare and insurance forms. Consider how long you wear your pouch when calculating the cost of your equipment.


Question: When should someone call the enterostomal therapy (ET) nurse for a colostomy?

Answer: It's a good idea to check in if you have: Leakage problems Skin irritation in the area of your pouch Trouble finding places to buy your supplies Problems finding a support group Questions about becoming pregnant Relationship problems due to the colostomy Any other questions or concerns about your colostomy


Question: Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can raise blood pressure?

Answer: Common NSAIDs that can raise blood pressure include: Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) You may also find NSAIDs in over-the-counter medication for other health problems. Cold medicine, for example, often contains NSAIDs. It's a good idea whenever you purchase an over-the-counter drug to check the label for NSAIDs. Ask your doctor if any NSAID is okay for you to use. Your doctor may be able to recommend alternatives, such as using acetaminophen instead of ibuprofen.


Question: How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect high blood pressure?

Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. NSAIDs can also raise your risk for heart attack or stroke, especially in higher doses. Many cough and cold medications contain NSAIDs to relieve pain. However, they also constrict blood vessels throughout your body. These suggestions can help: Give a list of ALL the medications you use, both prescription and over-the-counter, to every doctor you visit.


Question: What can you do to prevent high blood pressure from cough and cold medications?

Answer: Ask your doctor if any NSAID is okay for you to use. Decongestants may prevent your blood pressure medication from working properly. Avoid using cough and cold medicine that contains NSAIDs or decongestants, especially pseudoephedrine.


Question: How can weight loss drugs lead to high blood pressure?

Answer: This may cause your blood pressure to rise even higher, putting greater stress on your heart and kidneys. Decongestants can make blood pressure worse in two ways: Decongestants may make your blood pressure and heart rate rise. Before using any weight loss drug, whether prescription or over-the-counter, be sure to check with your doctor. These medications can be useful for weight loss, but may do you more harm than good.


Question: How can migraine headache medications lead to high blood pressure?

Answer: If you have high blood pressure to begin with, it can rise to dangerous levels. Some medications may interact with your blood pressure medicine. However, NSAIDs can make your body retain fluid and decrease the function of your kidneys. Some migraine medications work by tightening blood vessels in your head. If you have high blood pressure or any other type of heart disease, talk with your doctor before taking a drug for migraines or severe headaches.


Question: What are the symptoms of renal artery stenosis?

Answer: Risk factors include: Older age Being female Having hypertension Having other vascular disease (such as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease) Having chronic kidney disease Having diabetes Using tobacco Having an abnormal cholesterol level Renal artery stenosis usually does not cause any specific symptoms. Sometimes, the first sign of renal artery stenosis is high blood pressure that is extremely hard to control, along with worsening of previously well-controlled high blood pressure, or elevated blood pressure that affects other organs in the body.


Question: What causes renal artery stenosis?

Answer: More than 90% of the time, renal artery stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis, a process in which plaque made up of fats, cholesterol, and other materials builds up on the walls of the blood vessels, including those leading to the kidneys. More rarely, renal artery stenosis can be caused by a condition called fibromuscular dyplasia, in which the cells in the walls of the arteries undergo abnormal growth.


Question: What are the risk factors for renal artery stenosis?

Answer: Renal artery stenosis is often found by accident in patients who are undergoing tests for another reason. Risk factors include: Older age Being female Having hypertension Having other vascular disease (such as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease) Having chronic kidney disease Having diabetes Using tobacco Having an abnormal cholesterol level Renal artery stenosis usually does not cause any specific symptoms.


Question: How can I use a deep breathing technique to help relieve stress that may be causing erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed.


Question: Will I need surgery for heartburn?

Answer: You won't need it if you have ordinary heartburn. It's rare, but you may need an operation if: Other treatments haven't helped. The muscle that controls the valve at the top of your stomach doesn't work properly. You have cancer in your esophagus. Keep in mind that trouble swallowing, and not heartburn or GERD, is the most common symptom of this type of cancer.


Question: How can acid blockers treat heartburn?

Answer: They cut down on how much acid your stomach makes. Side effects can include mild headache, dizziness, and diarrhea. These are usually temporary and will likely go away on their own.


Question: What should I do if I have autonomic neuropathy in the urinary system?

Answer: What you should do: See your doctor. Treatments include: Vaginal estrogen creams, suppositories, and rings Medications to help sex not feel painful Lubricants In the Urinary System: Symptoms include: Trouble emptying your bladder Bloating Incontinence (leaking urine) More bathroom trips at night What you should do: Tell your doctor.


Question: What are some other types of diabetic nerve damage?

Answer: People with diabetes can also get other nerve-related conditions, such as nerve compressions (entrapment syndromes). Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very common type of entrapment syndrome. It causes numbness and tingling of in the hand and sometimes muscle weakness or pain. If you think you may have any type of nerve problem, talk with your doctor, so she can check for the cause.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in my blood vessels?

Answer: In blood vessels: Symptoms include: Blacking out when you stand up quickly Faster heartbeat Dizziness Low blood pressure Nausea Vomiting Feeling full sooner than normal If you have it: Avoid standing up too quickly.


Question: What is focal neuropathy?

Answer: This type can appear suddenly and affect specific nerves, most often in the head, torso, or leg. It causes muscle weakness or pain.


Question: What should I do if I have peripheral neuropathy?

Answer: What you should do: Check your feet and legs daily. Use lotion on your feet if they're dry. Take care of your toenails. Ask your doctor if you should go to a podiatrist. Wear shoes that fit well. Wear them all the time, so your feet don't get injured.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in the urinary system?

Answer: Treatments include: Vaginal estrogen creams, suppositories, and rings Medications to help sex not feel painful Lubricants In the Urinary System: Symptoms include: Trouble emptying your bladder Bloating Incontinence (leaking urine) More bathroom trips at night What you should do: Tell your doctor.


Question: What should men with autonomic neuropathy do?

Answer: What you should do: See your doctor, because there are other possible causes than diabetes. Treatment includes: Counseling Penile implant or injections Vacuum erection device Medication In Women: Symptoms include: Can include less vaginal lubrication and fewer or no orgasms.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in your digestive system?

Answer: In your digestive system: Symptoms include: Bloating Diarrhea Constipation Heartburn Nausea Vomiting Feeling full after small meals What you should do: You may need to eat smaller meals and take medication to treat it.


Question: What is proximal neuropathy?

Answer: Treatments may include: Medication Inserting a catheter into the bladder to release urine (self-catheterization) Surgery This type causes pain (usually on one side) in the thighs, hips, or buttocks. It can also lead to weakness in the legs. Most people with this condition need treatment, such as medication and physical therapy, for their weakness or pain.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in men?

Answer: In Men: Symptoms include: He may not be able to have or keep an erection, or he may have âdryâ or reduced ejaculations.


Question: How can blood tests help in the diagnosis of Buergerâs disease?

Answer: These help our doctor to see if other diseases might be causing your symptoms. He may order tests to check for conditions like diabetes, lupus, and those that cause blood clots.


Question: What happens when you get an Allen test?

Answer: This is a basic blood flow test that can be done in your doctor's office. First, you squeeze your hand into a hard fist, which pushes blood out of your hand. Your doctor then presses on the arteries of your wrist to slow the flow of blood back into your hand. At this point, your hand will lose its normal color. When you open your hand, your doctor releases the pressure over the artery on one side of the wrist. Then he releases the artery on the other side. If takes a while for your hand to go back to its normal color, it may be a sign of Buerger's disease.


Question: What are symptoms of Buergerâs disease?

Answer: It can be intense, and you can get it whether you're active or at rest. You also might notice the pain is worse when you're cold or under stress. You may also notice changes in your hands and feet. They may: Feel cold, numb, or tingly Look pale, red, or blue in color Your fingers and toes might: Get painful, open sores Turn pale when you're cold ( Raynaud's phenomenon) You could also get swelling along a vein just under the skin. This is a type of X-ray that checks for blockages in the blood vessels in your arms and legs.


Question: What causes Buergerâs disease?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes this condition, but almost everyone who gets it has used tobacco products. This includes cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and snuff. While the link between tobacco and Buerger's disease isn't totally clear, your genes might play a role. This means tobacco triggers your immune system to attack your blood vessels like they're bad germs. This is a type of X-ray that checks for blockages in the blood vessels in your arms and legs.


Question: What are treatments for Buergerâs disease?

Answer: For example, peripheral artery disease also causes pain in your legs, but it's caused from plaque in your arteries, not inflammation. But quitting tobacco use is the only way to limit the effects of Buerger's disease. Just a few cigarettes a day can make it worse. If you're having a hard time quitting, your doctor can help find the right program for you.


Question: What are symptoms of a severe allergic reaction to a stingray sting?

Answer: Difficulty breathing Tightness in throat Itching Nausea Fast pulse Dizziness Loss of consciousness See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment.


Question: What's the medical treatment for a stingray sting?

Answer: Get the person out of the water. X-rays and CT scans may be done. A tetanus shot may be administered, if necessary. An antibiotic and pain reliever may be prescribed. Closely watch the wound as it heals for possibility of infection.


Question: What is iron poisoning?

Answer: iron poisoning, poisoning, vitamin poisoning, iron-containing pills, vitamins with iron, poison proofing


Question: What is the outlook for children who had experienced iron poisoning?

Answer: Full recovery is likely for children (or adults) who show no symptoms for at least 6 hours after swallowing pills. Those with symptoms may be ill and require more aggressive treatment. Iron poisoning can progress through several stages. A late, or hepatic stage, develops 2-5 days after ingestion. The person may have elevated liver enzymes, possibly resulting in liver failure. Another late stage involves gastrointestinal scarring. Some 4-6 weeks after ingestion, the final stage manifests with early satiety (fullness after eating) or nausea from GI scarring and obstruction.


Question: What are symptoms of iron poisoning?

Answer: People with iron poisoning can have the following symptoms: Severe vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Dehydration and lethargy if not treated adequately In a child, bloody vomit or stool Often, after supportive care, the gastrointestinal symptoms appear to improve within 6 to 24 hours after their onset. The diagnosis of iron poisoning is usually made by observing your child. If your child is diagnosed with iron poisoning, the doctor will first make sure your child is breathing normally.


Question: How are common forms of stomatitis treated?

Answer: Mouth sores generally don't last longer than two weeks, even without treatment. If a cause can be identified, your doctor may be able to treat it. If a cause cannot be identified, the focus of treatment shifts to symptom relief. The following strategies might help to ease the pain and inflammation of mouth sores: Avoid hot beverages and foods as well as salty, spicy, and citrus-based foods. Use pain relievers like Tylenol or ibuprofen. Gargle with cool water or suck on ice pops if you have a mouth burn.


Question: What are canker sores?

Answer: Types of stomatitis include: Canker sore: A canker sore, also known as an aphthous ulcer, is a single pale or yellow ulcer with a red outer ring or a cluster of such ulcers in the mouth, usually on the cheeks, tongue, or inside the lip.


Question: How common are canker sores?

Answer: About 20% people in the U. S. will have canker sores at some point during their lifetime -- women more often than men.


Question: What is stomatitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Stomatitis, a general term for an inflamed and sore mouth, can disrupt a person's ability to eat, talk, and sleep. Stomatitis can occur anywhere in the mouth, including the inside of the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and palate.


Question: What causes cold sores?

Answer: Cold Sores Cold sores are caused by a virus called herpes simplex type 1. Unlike canker sores, cold sores are contagious from the time the blister ruptures to the time it has completely healed. The initial infection often occurs before adulthood and may be confused with a cold or the flu. Once the person is infected with the virus, it stays in the body, becoming dormant and reactivated by such conditions as stress, fever, trauma, hormonal changes (such as menstruation), and exposure to sunlight. When sores reappear, they tend to form in the same location. In addition to spreading to other people, the virus can also spread to another body part of the affected person, such as the eyes or genitals.


Question: What are the characteristics of canker sores?

Answer: The irritation can be caused by: Biting your cheek, tongue, or lip Wearing braces or another type of dental apparatus, or having a sharp, broken tooth Chewing tobacco Burning one's mouth from hot food or drinks Having gum disease (gingivitis) or other type of mouth infection Having hypersensitivity to certain things, such as foods or medicines Having certain autoimmune diseases affecting the mucosal lining of the mouth, such as lupus, Crohn's disease, or Behcet's disease Taking certain drugs such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, medications used for rheumatoid arthritis, or epilepsy medications Receiving radiation as part of cancer treatment Canker sores: Can be painful Usually last 5 to 10 days Tend to come back Are generally not associated with fever Cold sores: Are usually painful Are usually gone in 7 to 10 days Are sometimes associated with cold or flu-like symptoms Canker Sores Nobody knows what exactly causes canker sores, but many things may contribute to their development, such as certain medications, trauma to the mouth, poor nutrition, stress, bacteria or viruses, lack of sleep, sudden weight loss, and certain foods such as potatoes, citrus fruits, coffee, chocolate, cheese, and nuts.


Question: What is the treatment for cold sores?

Answer: There is no cure for cold sores. Treatment includes: Taking a dose of valacyclovir ( Valtrex) at the first sign of an attack Coating the lesions with a protective ointment such as an antiviral agent (for example, 5% acyclovir ointment) Applying ice to the lesion Taking L-lysine tablets may also help, as might antiviral mediations that a doctor prescribes. Some experts believe that these drugs shorten the time that the blisters are present.


Question: What are cold sores?

Answer: Cold sores : Also called fever blisters, cold sores are fluid-filled sores that occur on or around the lips. They rarely form on the gums or the roof of the mouth. Cold sores later crust over with a scab and are usually associated with tingling, tenderness, or burning before the actual sores appear.


Question: What causes mouth irritation?

Answer: The irritation can be caused by: Biting your cheek, tongue, or lip Wearing braces or another type of dental apparatus, or having a sharp, broken tooth Chewing tobacco Burning one's mouth from hot food or drinks Having gum disease (gingivitis) or other type of mouth infection Having hypersensitivity to certain things, such as foods or medicines Having certain autoimmune diseases affecting the mucosal lining of the mouth, such as lupus, Crohn's disease, or Behcet's disease Taking certain drugs such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, medications used for rheumatoid arthritis, or epilepsy medications Receiving radiation as part of cancer treatment Canker sores: Can be painful Usually last 5 to 10 days Tend to come back Are generally not associated with fever Cold sores: Are usually painful Are usually gone in 7 to 10 days Are sometimes associated with cold or flu-like symptoms Canker Sores Nobody knows what exactly causes canker sores, but many things may contribute to their development, such as certain medications, trauma to the mouth, poor nutrition, stress, bacteria or viruses, lack of sleep, sudden weight loss, and certain foods such as potatoes, citrus fruits, coffee, chocolate, cheese, and nuts.


Question: What are the characteristics of cold sores?

Answer: The irritation can be caused by: Biting your cheek, tongue, or lip Wearing braces or another type of dental apparatus, or having a sharp, broken tooth Chewing tobacco Burning one's mouth from hot food or drinks Having gum disease (gingivitis) or other type of mouth infection Having hypersensitivity to certain things, such as foods or medicines Having certain autoimmune diseases affecting the mucosal lining of the mouth, such as lupus, Crohn's disease, or Behcet's disease Taking certain drugs such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, medications used for rheumatoid arthritis, or epilepsy medications Receiving radiation as part of cancer treatment Canker sores: Can be painful Usually last 5 to 10 days Tend to come back Are generally not associated with fever Cold sores: Are usually painful Are usually gone in 7 to 10 days Are sometimes associated with cold or flu-like symptoms Canker Sores Nobody knows what exactly causes canker sores, but many things may contribute to their development, such as certain medications, trauma to the mouth, poor nutrition, stress, bacteria or viruses, lack of sleep, sudden weight loss, and certain foods such as potatoes, citrus fruits, coffee, chocolate, cheese, and nuts.


Question: What drugs are used to treat canker sores?

Answer: Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids (including prednisone) are the most effective treatment for canker sores, as they will reduce swelling and pain. They are also effective for cold sores after the sore has been present for three to four days, because at that point the virus has disappeared and only the inflammation remains. Not all people can take certain types of anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, if prednisone is given to people with diabetes, their blood sugars will go up. Talk to your doctor about any health conditions you have before starting a new medication.


Question: What are other names for multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks?

Answer: Most forms of multiple sclerosis ( MS) involve stretches of time when you feel good and other times when your symptoms act up. You might hear those worse periods called: Attacks Relapses Flare-ups Episodes Exacerbations How do you know if what you're having is one?


Question: What should someone do if they think they are having a multiple sclerosis relapse?

Answer: If you think you're having a relapse, call your MS doctor right away, even if you don't think it's major. She'll ask about your symptoms, how long you've had them, if you've been sick, and if you've changed any of your medication. A relapse doesn't necessarily need treatment. In some cases, symptoms will ease on their own. Still, the fact you're having one can help your doctor make decisions about how you may be treated moving forward. Every person is different, so it may be hard to track down what can trigger a relapse for you. As you get more familiar with how the condition affects you, you'll recognize your symptoms more easily and know what to do about them.


Question: What are some symptoms of a multiple sclerosis relapse?

Answer: These can include: Fatigue Dizziness Problems with balance and coordination Trouble with your vision Issues with your bladder Numb or tingling feelings (pins and needles) Problems with your memory Trouble concentrating It's a relapse if: You'd been free of symptoms for at least 30 days before the ones you're having now started They last at least 24 hours There's no obvious trigger Not every symptom is a sign of a relapse. If yours last less than 48 hours, you may have had something called a pseudoexacerbation. That's when you temporarily feel symptoms. Keep in mind that if you have even the slightest fever, it could be a sign of an infection. That also can cause problems like those you'd feel in a relapse.


Question: What are the signs of a multiple sclerosis attack?

Answer: These can include: Fatigue Dizziness Problems with balance and coordination Trouble with your vision Issues with your bladder Numb or tingling feelings (pins and needles) Problems with your memory Trouble concentrating It's a relapse if: You'd been free of symptoms for at least 30 days before the ones you're having now started They last at least 24 hours There's no obvious trigger Not every symptom is a sign of a relapse. She'll ask about your symptoms, how long you've had them, if you've been sick, and if you've changed any of your medication.


Question: How can I manage the serving sizes at restaurants if I have diabetes?

Answer: Two of the best tips you can use at restaurants are to watch the salt and cut the portions. When eating out: Ask for half or smaller portions. Eyeball your appropriate portion, set the rest aside, and ask for a doggie bag right away. If you have dessert, share.


Question: What is the outlook for children with reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: If not treated, RAD can have a negative impact on a child's physical, emotional, behavioral, social, and moral development. Children with RAD generally are at higher risk for: Depression Aggressive and/or disruptive behavior Learning difficulties and behavior problems in school Inability to form meaningful relationships Low self-esteem With treatment, it is possible for children with RAD to learn to trust others, and to lead healthy and productive lives.


Question: What is reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Attachment develops when a child is repeatedly soothed, comforted, and cared for, and when the caregiver consistently meets the child's needs. It is through attachment with a loving and protective caregiver that a young child learns to love and trust others, to become aware of others' feelings and needs, to regulate his or her emotions, and to develop healthy relationships and a positive self-image. The absence of emotional warmth during the first few years of life can negatively affect a child's entire future.


Question: What are common symptoms of inhibited reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! There are two types of RAD: inhibited and disinhibited. Detached Unresponsive or resistant to comforting Excessively inhibited (holding back emotions) Withdrawn or a mixture of approach and avoidance Indiscriminate sociability Inappropriately familiar or selective in the choice of attachment figures RAD occurs when attachment between a young child and his or her primary caregiver does not occur or is interrupted due to grossly negligent care.


Question: What causes reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! This can occur for many reasons, including: Persistent disregard of the child's emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, and affection Persistent disregard of the child's basic physical needs Repeated changes of primary caregivers that prevent formation of stable attachments (for example, frequent changes in foster care) It is difficult to know exactly how many children have RAD, since many families affected by the disorder never seek help.


Question: How is reactive attachment disorder (RAD) diagnosed?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! If the doctor cannot find a physical cause for the symptoms, he or she will likely refer the child to a child and adolescent psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses in children and teens. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a child for a mental disorder. The doctor bases his or her diagnosis on reports of the child's symptoms, and his or her observation of the child's attitude and behavior.


Question: What are common symptoms with disinhibited reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

Answer: Reactive attachment disorder ( RAD) is a condition found in children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers -- usually their mothers -- before age 5. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! There are two types of RAD: inhibited and disinhibited.


Question: How is reactive attachment disorder (RAD) treated?

Answer: Treatment of RAD has two important goals. The first is to ensure that the child is in a safe environment. The second goal is to help the child develop a healthy relationship with an appropriate caregiver. Treatment for RAD often focuses on the caregiver. Counseling may be used to address the issues that are affecting the caregiver's relationship with and behavior toward the child. Teaching parenting skills also can help improve the relationship with the child and help develop attachment. This technique allows the child and the caregiver to express their thoughts, fears, and needs in the safe context of play.


Question: When should get my child medical attention for an electrical shock?

Answer: Has been injured by an electrical shock Electrical shocks always need emergency medical attention -- even if your child seems to be fine afterward.


Question: How does Reiki work?

Answer: Many types of natural medicine are based on the belief that every person has a "biofield." That's an energy field just outside your body. When something messes with it, you get sick or don't feel well. Reiki, acupuncture, tai chi, and yoga are all centered around the idea of a biofield. They work to restore its balance through pressure, movement, or breathing. Some experts think that when a Reiki practitioner puts her hands on or above your body it can help make a weak biofield stronger. Others believe it makes you feel better by shifting your body from a tense "fight or flight" mode to a more relaxed state.


Question: What conditions can be helped by Reiki?

Answer: But it shouldn't replace any of your regular medical treatments. Reiki may help ease: Pain Sleep problems Nausea Anxiety Depression Tension Afterward, some people have a slower heart rate, lower blood pressure, and a drop in stress hormones. Because of this, Reiki is sometimes used to help conditions like: Cancer Chronic fatigue syndrome Infertility Disorders that affect your brain, like Parkinson's or Huntington's disease There's no typical Reiki session. Or you may not notice anything.


Question: How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children?

Answer: The first step is to get your child to the doctor. He can tell if she's overweight based on her age, weight, and height. He'll test her blood sugar to see if she has diabetes or prediabetes. If she does have diabetes, it may take a few extra steps to find out if it's type 1 or type 2.


Question: What causes obesity in children and where is it most likely to cause type 2 diabetes?

Answer: One or more of these things may contribute to extra weight or obesity: Unhealthy eating Lack of physical activity Family members (alive or dead) who've been overweight Rarely, a hormone problem or other medical condition As with adults, type 2 diabetes is more likely to affect children who carry extra weight around the middle.


Question: What lifestyle changes are necessary for a child with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day.


Question: How common is type 2 diabetes in children?

Answer: Now, according to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have this disease. That number includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.


Question: What can you do to help treat your child's type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take her to see a dietitian, who can help you create a meal plan. She should also get exercise for at least 60 minutes every day.


Question: How can you prevent type 2 diabetes in children?

Answer: If she does have diabetes, it may take a few extra steps to find out if it's type 1 or type 2. Reduce calories, unhealthy fats, and sweets in your child's diet. Make sure she gets physical activity each day. Studies show that exercise has a dramatic effect on reducing insulin resistance. These are two important ways to help your child get down to and stay at a healthy weight and normal blood sugar levels.


Question: Can children develop type 2 diabetes?

Answer: It was even called juvenile diabetes for a long time. Now, according to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have this disease. That number includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The same steps used to treat type 2 diabetes in children can also prevent it.


Question: How is depression in women treated?

Answer: There are a variety of methods used to treat depression, including medications such as antidepressants, brain stimulation techniques like ECT, and individual psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family stress adds to your depression. Your mental health care provider or primary care doctor will determine the best course of treatment for you.


Question: What are my options if I'm depressed during pregnancy?

Answer: But your health should come first. Resist the urge to get everything done, cut down on your chores, and do things that will help you relax. In addition, talking about things that concern you is very important. Talk to your friends, your partner, and your family. If you ask for support, you will find you often get it. If you're feeling down and anxious, consider seeking therapy. Ask your doctor or midwife for a referral to a mental health care professional.


Question: What are resources for getting help with depression?

Answer: If you are uncertain whom to call for help with depression, consider checking out the following resources: Community mental health centers Employee assistance programs Family doctors Family service/social agencies Health maintenance organizations Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics Local medical and/or psychiatric societies Mental health specialists such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors Private clinics and facilities State hospital outpatient clinics University or medical school-affiliated programs


Question: How does depression in women differ from depression in men?

Answer: Depression in women differs from depression in men in several ways: Depression in women may occur earlier, last longer, be more likely to recur, be more likely to be associated with stressful life events, and be more sensitive to seasonal changes. Women are more likely to experience guilty feelings and attempt suicide, although they actually commit suicide less often than men. Depression in women is more likely to be associated with anxiety disorders, especially panic and phobic symptoms, and eating disorders.


Question: Do women get depression during pregnancy?

Answer: Pregnancy was once assumed to be a period of well-being that protected women against psychiatric disorders. But depression in women occurs almost as commonly in pregnant women as it does in those who are not pregnant. The factors which increase the risk of depression in women during pregnancy are: A history of depression or PMDD Age at time of pregnancy -- the younger you are, the higher the risk Living alone Limited social support Marital conflict Uncertainty about the pregnancy The potential impact of depression on a pregnancy includes the following: Depression can interfere with a woman's ability to care for herself during pregnancy.


Question: How is depression in women treated during pregnancy?

Answer: Depression is one part of bipolar disorder. Growing evidence suggests that many of the currently available antidepressant medicines, including most SSRIs (except for Paxil), appear to have minimal (if any) risks when treating depression during pregnancy, at least in terms of the potential short-term effects on the baby. Long-term effects continue to be studied. Untreated depression can put both mother and infant at risk. Sometimes, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is used in treatment of severe depression during pregnancy when other treatments have not worked You should discuss the possible risks and benefits of treatment with your doctor.


Question: What is mania?

Answer: Moods in bipolar disorder swing over the course of days or weeks or months from the lows of depression to the highs of mania. Even though mania is an elevated mood, it is serious and needs medical assessment and treatment. Depression is one part of bipolar disorder. The factors which increase the risk of depression in women during pregnancy are: A history of depression or PMDD Age at time of pregnancy -- the younger you are, the higher the risk Living alone Limited social support Marital conflict Uncertainty about the pregnancy The potential impact of depression on a pregnancy includes the following: Depression can interfere with a woman's ability to care for herself during pregnancy.


Question: How can executive function affect your abilities?

Answer: Executive function helps you: Manage time Pay attention Switch focus Plan and organize Remember details Avoid saying or doing the wrong thing Do things based on your experience Multitask When executive function isn't working as it should, your behavior is less controlled. This can affect your ability to: Work or go to school Do things independently Maintain relationships Executive function can be divided into two groups: Organization: Gathering information and structuring it for evaluation Regulation: Taking stock of your surroundings and changing behavior in response to it For example, seeing a piece of chocolate cake on a dessert cart at a restaurant may be tempting.


Question: How can you improve your work habits if you have problems with executive function?

Answer: To improve work habits: Make a checklist for getting through assignments. For example, a student's checklist could include such items as: get out pencil and paper; put name on paper; put due date on paper; read directions; etc. Meet with a teacher or supervisor on a regular basis to review work and troubleshoot problems.


Question: How can you improve time management if you have problems with executive function?

Answer: To improve time management: Create checklists, and estimate how long each task will take. Break long assignments into chunks, and assign time frames for completing each one. Use calendars to keep track of long-term assignments, due dates, chores, and activities. Write the due date on the top of each assignment.


Question: What are some problems with executive function?

Answer: It's a weakness in your brain's self-management system, particularly skills that help you: Pay attention Remember things Organize tasks Manage time Think creatively Some people are born with weak executive function. People with ADHD, depression, or learning disabilities often have problems with these skills. An injury to the front of the brain can harm your ability to stay on task. Damage from Alzheimer's disease or strokes may also cause problems.


Question: What are warning signs of problems with executive function in children?

Answer: Warning signs that a child may have problems with executive function include problems with: Planning projects Estimating how much time a project will take to complete Telling stories (verbally or in writing) Memorizing Starting activities or tasks Shifting plans when situations change Focusing only on one task Shutting down when parents or peers don't act as expected Because executive function problems aren't recognized as an official illness, there isn't a set of criteria you can use to diagnose someone.


Question: What is affected when executive function isn't working?

Answer: Executive function helps you: Manage time Pay attention Switch focus Plan and organize Remember details Avoid saying or doing the wrong thing Do things based on your experience Multitask When executive function isn't working as it should, your behavior is less controlled. This can affect your ability to: Work or go to school Do things independently Maintain relationships Executive function can be divided into two groups: Organization: Gathering information and structuring it for evaluation Regulation: Taking stock of your surroundings and changing behavior in response to it For example, seeing a piece of chocolate cake on a dessert cart at a restaurant may be tempting.


Question: How are problems with executive function diagnosed?

Answer: Many ADHD symptoms are problems with executive function. Experts rely on different tests to measure specific skills related to executive function. Problems seen on these tests can't predict how well adults or children will do in real life. Sometimes, watching them and trying different things are better ways to improve weak executive function.


Question: How can you better manage space and keep things from getting lost if you have problems with executive function?

Answer: Sometimes, watching them and trying different things are better ways to improve weak executive function. Organize the workspace. Cut clutter. Schedule a weekly time to clean and organize the workspace.


Question: How can problems with executive function be managed?

Answer: Many ADHD symptoms are problems with executive function. An injury to the front of the brain can harm your ability to stay on task.


Question: What are some tips for managing problems with executive function?

Answer: That's where executive function can step in. Rely on visual aids to get organized. Use tools like time organizers, computers, or watches with alarms. Make schedules, and look at them several times a day. Ask for written and oral instructions whenever possible. Plan for transition times and shifts in activities.


Question: What is mangetic field therapy?

Answer: This uses magnetic or electrical fields to treat a number of musculoskeletal problems. Studies show that it may work for osteoarthritis and other pain conditions. Some studies have even shown that it may help fractures heal faster. Magnetic field therapy may not be safe if you're pregnant, have an implanted cardiac device, use an insulin pump, or take a drug given by patch.


Question: What is acupuncture?

Answer: This is a traditional Chinese medicine technique that uses needles to stimulate specific points around the body. The person who performs this therapy (an acupuncturist) sticks thin, sterile needles into your skin. The goal is to help your body's natural healing process kick in. Studies show that acupuncture can be effective in treating a number of conditions, like neck and back pain, nausea, anxiety, depression, insomnia, infertility, and more.


Question: When do you need surgery for an endometrial cyst?

Answer: Your doctor may talk with you about surgery if you have intense pain, medicine doesn't help, or your cyst is larger than 1.5 inches. She may choose this option to keep the cyst from twisting or breaking open, which can cause more severe problems.


Question: What conditions can make bladder suspension surgery less effective?

Answer: How successful the surgery is for you depends on: Activities after surgery How long you have had stress incontinence Other surgeries and medical conditions you may have Your age Your weight The following can make bladder suspension surgery less effective: A chronic cough Low estrogen levels Obesity Older age Diabetes Poor nutrition Radiation therapy Strenuous activity Reasons the surgery may not work may include: You have a different type of incontinence (such as urge incontinence) Problems with healing Obesity The surgical technique used How fast you recover depends on the specific procedure.


Question: When would my doctor recommend  bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend bladder suspension surgery if you have moderate to severe stress incontinence that does not get better with non-invasive treatments such as Kegel exercises, medications, and electrical stimulation. For example, bladder suspension surgery may be an option if you develop stress incontinence because of: Childbirth Menopause Problems with the muscles in the bladder and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body) Surgery Before considering bladder suspension surgery, make sure your symptoms are actually brought on by stress incontinence.


Question: How long is recovery from bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: How successful the surgery is for you depends on: Activities after surgery How long you have had stress incontinence Other surgeries and medical conditions you may have Your age Your weight The following can make bladder suspension surgery less effective: A chronic cough Low estrogen levels Obesity Older age Diabetes Poor nutrition Radiation therapy Strenuous activity Reasons the surgery may not work may include: You have a different type of incontinence (such as urge incontinence) Problems with healing Obesity The surgical technique used How fast you recover depends on the specific procedure. Open retropubic suspension surgery is done under general anesthesia, and requires a hospital stay. The surgery itself takes about one hour, but discomfort can last 6-8 weeks. Some sling procedures may be done under local anesthesia in an outpatient clinic. In general, recovery times are longer for procedures done through the abdomen, and shorter for those done through the vagina or via laparoscopic incisions.


Question: What complications can happen after sling surgery?

Answer: Other complications associated with retropubic suspension surgery are rare but may include: Abscess Bladder spasms Bleeding Blood clots Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Overactive bladder Reactions to anesthesia Vaginal prolapse Complications associated with sling surgery may include: Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Man-made sling material may wear away, leading to infection or reduced effectiveness Reactions to anesthesia Overactive bladder Trouble urinating after the procedure Painful intercourse Pelvic or groin pain Bladder suspension surgery works well to treat stress incontinence in most cases.


Question: How does bladder suspension surgery help prevent stress incontinence?

Answer: Bladder suspension (or bladder neck suspension) surgery is a procedure that can be used to treat urine leakage that occurs when a person sneezes, laughs, or coughs -- a condition called stress incontinence. Childbirth, as well as hormonal changes that come with menopause, can cause a woman to lose muscle tone along the pelvic floor. That can lead to stress incontinence.


Question: What is sling surgery for bladder suspension?

Answer: Sling surgery uses a piece of body tissue, called fascia, or a man-made material to create a sling or hammock-like structure that cradles the sagging bladder neck. This supports the bladder neck and urethra. You can use your own tissue for the surgery (if so, it is removed from your abdominal wall) or donated tissue.


Question: What is open retropubic suspension surgery for bladder suspension?

Answer: Bladder suspension surgical techniques include: Open retropubic suspension surgery Laparoscopic retropubic suspension surgery Needle bladder neck suspension surgery Open retropubic suspension surgery involves pulling up the bladder neck and sewing it to the surrounding bone or tissue with sutures. It is a form of abdominal surgery. The surgeon makes an incision in the belly area a few inches below the belly button and locates the bladder and urethra, the tube through which urine flows out of the body. The procedure improves symptoms of stress incontinence that result from sagging of the bladder neck or urethra.


Question: How will my doctor decide which bladder suspension surgery is best for me?

Answer: You and your doctor will discuss which procedure is best for you. Your doctor will consider the following factors when choosing your procedure: Other health conditions you may have, the anatomy of your urinary tract and surrounding structures, and the surgeon's experience. Open retropubic suspension surgery and sling surgery require a hospital stay. The insertion of mesh slings to support the urethra can be done as an outpatient procedure.


Question: What are the reasons why bladder suspension surgery may not work?

Answer: How successful the surgery is for you depends on: Activities after surgery How long you have had stress incontinence Other surgeries and medical conditions you may have Your age Your weight The following can make bladder suspension surgery less effective: A chronic cough Low estrogen levels Obesity Older age Diabetes Poor nutrition Radiation therapy Strenuous activity Reasons the surgery may not work may include: You have a different type of incontinence (such as urge incontinence) Problems with healing Obesity The surgical technique used How fast you recover depends on the specific procedure.


Question: When is bladder suspension surgery not a good idea?

Answer: For example, bladder suspension surgery may be an option if you develop stress incontinence because of: Childbirth Menopause Problems with the muscles in the bladder and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body) Surgery Before considering bladder suspension surgery, make sure your symptoms are actually brought on by stress incontinence. If need be, seek a second opinion. Bladder suspension surgery only helps treat stress incontinence. It is not helpful for other forms of incontinence. The No. 1 reason surgery fails is an incorrect diagnosis.


Question: What is a laparoscopic retopubic suspension surgery for bladder suspension?

Answer: Bladder suspension surgical techniques include: Open retropubic suspension surgery Laparoscopic retropubic suspension surgery Needle bladder neck suspension surgery Open retropubic suspension surgery involves pulling up the bladder neck and sewing it to the surrounding bone or tissue with sutures. It uses a smaller incision than the open procedure. You and your doctor will discuss which procedure is best for you.


Question: What  complications can there be from retropubic suspension surgery?

Answer: The most common complication after any type of retropubic suspension surgery is trouble urinating. Less than 5% of patients have permanent urinary retention. This may require urinary catheterization from time to time but rarely requires surgery. Other complications associated with retropubic suspension surgery are rare but may include: Abscess Bladder spasms Bleeding Blood clots Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Overactive bladder Reactions to anesthesia Vaginal prolapse Complications associated with sling surgery may include: Injury to the bladder, urethra, and other urinary tract structures Infection (catheter-related infections are the most common) Man-made sling material may wear away, leading to infection or reduced effectiveness Reactions to anesthesia Overactive bladder Trouble urinating after the procedure Painful intercourse Pelvic or groin pain Bladder suspension surgery works well to treat stress incontinence in most cases. Success rates also drop as the number of bladder suspension surgeries you have go up.


Question: What restrictions will I have after bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: For example, bladder suspension surgery may be an option if you develop stress incontinence because of: Childbirth Menopause Problems with the muscles in the bladder and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body) Surgery Before considering bladder suspension surgery, make sure your symptoms are actually brought on by stress incontinence. For example: Do not use tampons or douches for 6 weeks Avoid intercourse for 6 weeks Do not strain during bowel movements Avoid strenuous exercise Do not do any heavy lifting Remember, the most common reason surgery fails to improve symptoms is an incorrect diagnosis. That means, if you still have urinary leakage when you cough and sneeze after bladder suspension surgery, be sure to tell your doctor.


Question: How well does bladder suspension surgery work?

Answer: Bladder suspension surgery only helps treat stress incontinence. Symptoms can return over time, usually after five years. Success rates also drop as the number of bladder suspension surgeries you have go up. How successful the surgery is for you depends on: Activities after surgery How long you have had stress incontinence Other surgeries and medical conditions you may have Your age Your weight The following can make bladder suspension surgery less effective: A chronic cough Low estrogen levels Obesity Older age Diabetes Poor nutrition Radiation therapy Strenuous activity Reasons the surgery may not work may include: You have a different type of incontinence (such as urge incontinence) Problems with healing Obesity The surgical technique used How fast you recover depends on the specific procedure.


Question: What is bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: Bladder suspension refers to surgery that helps place a sagging bladder back into its normal position. Bladder suspension (or bladder neck suspension) surgery is a procedure that can be used to treat urine leakage that occurs when a person sneezes, laughs, or coughs -- a condition called stress incontinence. Childbirth, as well as hormonal changes that come with menopause, can cause a woman to lose muscle tone along the pelvic floor. That can lead to stress incontinence.


Question: Are there different types of bladder suspension surgery?

Answer: Is this type of surgery right for you? Bladder suspension surgical techniques include: Open retropubic suspension surgery Laparoscopic retropubic suspension surgery Needle bladder neck suspension surgery Open retropubic suspension surgery involves pulling up the bladder neck and sewing it to the surrounding bone or tissue with sutures.


Question: Who is at risk for rosacea?

Answer: People who have fair skin and who tend to blush easily may be at a higher risk for the disorder. Rosacea appears more often among women, but men tend to have the more severe symptoms. A possible reason for this could be that men generally delay medical treatment until rosacea becomes advanced.


Question: How can medications help treat rosacea?

Answer: Sometimes, doctors prescribe oral and topical medications to treat the disorder's associated bumps, pimples, and redness. Medications can bring the condition under control and keep it in remission (the disappearance of signs and symptoms).


Question: Which parts of the body are affected by rosacea?

Answer: Rosacea is a common disorder that mainly affects skin on the face. It causes redness on the nose, chin, cheeks, and forehead. In some cases, rosacea appears on the chest, back, or neck. It can affect the eyes, causing them to feel irritated and to appear bloodshot or watery.


Question: What are warning signs of self-injury?

Answer: The most common types of self-injury include: Frequent cuts and burns that cannot be explained Self-punching or scratching Needle sticking Head banging Eye pressing Finger or arm biting Pulling out one's hair Picking at one's skin Signs that an individual may be engaging in self-injury include: Wearing pants and long sleeves in warm weather Scars (from cutting and burning, etc.) on the body The appearance of lighters, razors, or sharp objects that one would not expect among a person's belongings Low self-esteem Difficulty handling feelings Relationship problems Poor functioning at work, school, or home If an individual shows signs of self-injury, a mental health professional with self-injury expertise should be consulted.


Question: What are risk factors for self-injury?

Answer: Self-injury occurs more often among: Adolescent females People who have a history of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse People who have co-existing problems of substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or eating disorders Individuals who were often raised in families that discouraged expression of anger Individuals who lack skills to express their emotions and lack a good social support network Self-injury usually occurs when people face what seem like overwhelming or distressing feelings.


Question: What are types of self-injury?

Answer: The most common types of self-injury include: Frequent cuts and burns that cannot be explained Self-punching or scratching Needle sticking Head banging Eye pressing Finger or arm biting Pulling out one's hair Picking at one's skin Signs that an individual may be engaging in self-injury include: Wearing pants and long sleeves in warm weather Scars (from cutting and burning, etc.)


Question: What is self-injury?

Answer: Usually, self-injury leaves marks or causes tissue damage. Self-injury can involve any of the following behaviors: Cutting Burning (or "branding" with hot objects) Picking at skin or re-opening wounds Hair-pulling (trichotillomania) Head-banging Hitting (with hammer or other object) Bone-breaking Most who engage in self-injury act alone rather than in groups. It also is important to identify whether self-injury is one symptom of a particular personality disorder that needs to be treated.


Question: How often do you need to take the fecal occult blood test?

Answer: The fecal immunochemical test ( FIT) is the test of choice over the fecal occult blood test. This test can be done at home.


Question: How can gastrointestinal bleeding be seen relative to the fecal occult blood test?

Answer: Blood may appear in the stool because of one or more of the following conditions: Benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) growths or polyps of the colon Hemorrhoids (swollen blood vessels near the anus and lower rectum that can rupture, causing bleeding) Anal fissures (splits or cracks in the lining of the anal opening) Intestinal infections that cause inflammation Ulcers Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Diverticular disease, caused by outpouchings of the colon wall Abnormalities of the blood vessels in the large intestine Gastrointestinal bleeding may be microscopic (invisible to the eye) or may be easily seen as red blood or black tar-like bowel movements, called melena.


Question: What do the fecal occult blood test results mean?

Answer: The fecal occult blood test requires the collection of 3 small stool samples. A positive fecal occult blood test means that blood has been found in the stool. Your doctor will have to determine the source of the bleeding, either by doing a colonoscopy or by doing an examination to determine if the bleeding is coming from the stomach or small intestine. A negative test result means that no blood was found in the stool sample during the testing period. You should continue to follow your doctor's recommendations for regular screening.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You'll work closely with your doctor to manage your rheumatoid arthritis. These questions are a good starting point for your next checkup. Which RA medicines do you recommend for me, and why? How will we know if my treatment is working? What are the possible side effects? Would physical therapy or occupational therapy help me? Does exercise help? What kinds of activities are safe for me to do? How are my joints doing? What lifestyle changes do you recommend for me? What other specialists should I see? Are there complementary treatments I could try? Will I need surgery?


Question: What causes Grover's disease?

Answer: It may appear for no reason. Some doctors think that sun-damaged skin or extreme swings in temperature play a role. One popular, but unproven, theory is that it may be linked to sweating. Many cases have occurred in men who use hot tubs, steam rooms, electric blankets, and other warming items.


Question: Who is more likely to get Grover's disease?

Answer: Grover's disease usually happens in men over 50. However, women sometimes get it, too.


Question: What are treatments for Grover's disease if you have mild rash?

Answer: If you have a mild rash, the first treatments may include: Antihistamines, taken by mouth Prescription cortisone cream, applied to the rash Other anti-itch lotions that contain menthol or camphor If your symptoms are very bad, your doctor may suggest retinoids or an antibiotic taken by mouth.


Question: What are symptoms of Grover's disease?

Answer: The main symptoms of Grover's disease are: Sudden rash on the chest, back, and sometimes arms and legs Blisters containing a thin, watery liquid with a hair follicle in the center Blisters clumped together, surrounded by a red swollen ring Itching, which may be intense Symptoms usually last about 6 to 12 months, but may go away sooner or take longer to disappear.


Question: What is Grover's disease?

Answer: Another name for this condition is transient acantholytic dermatosis ( TAD). Grover's disease usually happens in men over 50. The main symptoms of Grover's disease are: Sudden rash on the chest, back, and sometimes arms and legs Blisters containing a thin, watery liquid with a hair follicle in the center Blisters clumped together, surrounded by a red swollen ring Itching, which may be intense Symptoms usually last about 6 to 12 months, but may go away sooner or take longer to disappear.


Question: What are treatments for severe symptoms of Grover's disease?

Answer: If you have a mild rash, the first treatments may include: Antihistamines, taken by mouth Prescription cortisone cream, applied to the rash Other anti-itch lotions that contain menthol or camphor If your symptoms are very bad, your doctor may suggest retinoids or an antibiotic taken by mouth. Your doctor may prescribe light therapy combined with medications if this happens. Other treatments that may be used for severe symptoms are: Antifungal pills Antifungal lotions such as selenium sulfide Cortisone shots, Oral corticosteroids Antibiotics Systemic retinoid Your doctor may also suggest you reduce activities that can cause a lot of sweating (like heavy-duty workouts), since sweating can worsen the rash. Your doctor might also recommend that you take fewer baths and showers, and that you don't spend a lot of time in the sun.


Question: What are some factors that may trigger eczema?

Answer: Things that may trigger eczema include: Stress Contact with irritating substances such as wool, synthetic fabrics, and soap Heat and sweat Cold, dry climates Dry skin