Question: At what BMI does your chances of getting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) increase?

Answer: People with a body mass index ( BMI) over 30 have a higher chance of DVT. This measures how much body fat you have, compared with your height and weight.


Question: What can deep vein thrombosis (DVT) lead to?

Answer: DVT can lead to major health problems. In some cases, it can be fatal. That's why if you think you have one, you must see a doctor right away.


Question: What blood disorders affect your chances of getting deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Some diseases that run in families can make your blood thicker than normal or cause it to clot more than it should.


Question: How can a pulmonary embolism (PE) happen in deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: But you might notice any of the following: Leg or arm swelling that comes on without warning Pain or soreness when you stand or walk Warmth in the area that hurts Enlarged veins Skin that looks red or blue If a blood clot breaks free and moves through your bloodstream, it can get stuck in a blood vessel of your lung. Doctors call this a pulmonary embolism, or PE. It can be fatal.


Question: How can you prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Simple lifestyle changes may help lower your odds of getting one. Try these simple tips to keep your blood circulating the way it should: Take care of yourself. Stop smoking, lose weight, and get active. Get regular checkups. And if your doctor has prescribed a medicine to control a health problem, take it as directed. Don't sit for too long. If you're traveling for 4 hours or more, take breaks to flex and stretch your lower leg muscles. If you're on a flight, walk up and down the aisle every half-hour. On long car drives, pull over each hour to stretch. Wear loose-fitting clothes, and drink plenty of water. Plan surgery after-care. Talk to your doctor about what you can do to prevent DVT after surgery. She might suggest you wear compression stockings or take blood thinners. You'll also want to get out of bed and start moving around.


Question: How can smoking affect your chances of getting deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: Smoking makes blood cells stickier than they should be. It also harms the lining of your blood vessels.


Question: How can pregnancy affect your chances of getting deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: This pressure prevents blood from pooling in your veins. Talk to your doctor about what you can do to prevent DVT after surgery.


Question: How is an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: When a blood clot forms in a vein deep inside your body, it causes what doctors call deep vein thrombosis ( DVT). If your symptoms are severe or your clot is very large, your doctor may give you a strong medicine to dissolve it. Inferior vena cava ( IVC) filter.


Question: What is angular cheilitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Angular cheilitis is a condition that causes red, swollen patches in the corners of your mouth where your lips meet and make an angle. Other names for it are perleche and angular stomatitis. You can get it on one side of your mouth or on both sides at the same time.


Question: How is angular cheilitis diagnosed?

Answer: To find out if you have angular cheilitis, your doctor will examine your mouth closely to look at any cracks, redness, swelling, or blisters. He'll also ask you about habits you might have that could affect your lips. Other conditions (such as herpes labialis and erosive lichen planus) can cause symptoms similar to angular cheilitis. To be sure of the cause, your doctor might swab the corners of your mouth and your nose and send it to a lab to see what kinds of bacteria or fungi might be there.


Question: Does diabetes put you at risk for angular cheilitis?

Answer: Certain medical conditions can put you at a higher risk, such as: Anemia Cancers of the blood Diabetes Down syndrome Immune disorders, like HIV Kidney, liver, lung, or pancreatic cancer It's common for people with diabetes to get fungal infections like angular cheilitis. This is because fungi like Candida feed off glucose -- the blood sugar your body uses as a source of energy. If you have diabetes, you have too much glucose in your blood.


Question: How is angular cheilitis treated?

Answer: Your doctor will recommend an antifungal cream to treat fungal infections. Some are: nystatin ( Mycostatin) ketoconazole ( Extina) clotrimazole ( Lotrimin) miconazole ( Lotrimin AF, Micatin, Monistat Derm) If your infection is bacterial, your doctor will prescribe an antibacterial medication, such as: mupirocin ( Bactroban) fusidic acid ( Fucidin, Fucithalmic) If your angular cheilitis isn't caused by a fungal or bacterial infection, your doctor may suggest you put petroleum jelly on the inflamed areas.


Question: How is angular cheilitis treated it it isn't caused by a fungal or bacterial infection?

Answer: Some are: nystatin ( Mycostatin) ketoconazole ( Extina) clotrimazole ( Lotrimin) miconazole ( Lotrimin AF, Micatin, Monistat Derm) If your infection is bacterial, your doctor will prescribe an antibacterial medication, such as: mupirocin ( Bactroban) fusidic acid ( Fucidin, Fucithalmic) If your angular cheilitis isn't caused by a fungal or bacterial infection, your doctor may suggest you put petroleum jelly on the inflamed areas. This protects your mouth from moisture so the sores can heal.


Question: What are the symptoms of angular cheilitis?

Answer: One or both corners may be: Bleeding Blistered Cracked Crusty Itchy Painful Red Scaly Swollen Your lips can feel dry and uncomfortable. The warmth and moisture in the corners of your mouth create the perfect conditions for fungus to grow and multiply -- and cause infection.


Question: Who is most at risk for angular cheilitis?

Answer: You also might have a bad taste in your mouth. You wear dentures that don't fit well. You lick your lips a lot. You have a lot of saliva. Your teeth are crooked, or your bite isn't lined up correctly. You have sagging skin around your mouth from weight loss or age. You suck your thumb. You smoke. You don't get enough nutrients, like vitamin B or iron. To be sure of the cause, your doctor might swab the corners of your mouth and your nose and send it to a lab to see what kinds of bacteria or fungi might be there.


Question: How can your doctor help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: During the exam your doctor will ask about your sexual history to find out how long you've had sexual performance anxiety and what kinds of thoughts are interfering with your sex life.


Question: How can taking it easy help with sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Don't beat yourself up about your appearance or ability in bed. Get help for sexual performance anxiety so you can get back to having a healthy and enjoyable sex life.


Question: Can sexual performance anxiety affect women?

Answer: Sexual performance anxiety isn't diagnosed as often in women as it is in men, but it can affect arousal in women, too. Anxiety can prevent women from getting lubricated enough to have sex, and it can take away the physical desire to make love.


Question: How can distracting yourself help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Put on some romantic music or a sexy movie while you make love. Think about something that turns you on. Taking your mind off your sexual performance can remove the worries that stop you from getting excited.


Question: How can being open to your partner help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Talking with your partner about your anxiety can help ease some of your worries. When you try to reach a solution together, you may draw closer as a couple and improve your sexual relationship.


Question: What is the cycle in sexual performance anxiety like?

Answer: Sexual performance anxiety leads to a cycle of troubles. You might become so anxious about sex that you can't perform, which leads to even more sexual performance anxiety.


Question: What is it like to have sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Anxiety can take you out of the right mind-set for sex. When you're focused on whether you'll perform well, you can't concentrate on what you're doing in bed. Even if you are able to get aroused, you may be too distracted to reach orgasm.


Question: How can being intimate in other ways help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Learn how to be intimate without sexual intercourse. Give your partner a sensual massage or take a warm bath together. Take turns pleasing each other with masturbation so you don't always have to feel pressured to perform sexually.


Question: How can medications help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Medications and other therapies can help treat erectile dysfunction and other sexual problems that have physical causes.


Question: How can exercise help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Not only does working out make you feel better about your body, it also improves your stamina in bed.


Question: How can talking to a therapist help to overcome sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Therapy can help you understand and then reduce or get rid of the issues that are causing your sexual performance anxiety. If you worry about premature ejaculation, for example, you can try some techniques that help you gain more control.


Question: What causes sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: When your mind is too stressed out to focus on sex, your body can't get excited either. Lots of different worries can lead to the problem: Fear that you won't perform well in bed and satisfy your partner sexually Poor body image, including concern over your weight Problems in your relationship Worry that your penis won't "measure up" Concern about ejaculating too early or taking too long to reach orgasm Anxiety about not being able to have an orgasm or enjoy the sexual experience These things may lead your body to release stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. Your state of mind can have a big impact on your ability to get aroused. Even if you're with someone who you find sexually appealing, worrying about whether you'll be able to please your partner can make it impossible for you to do just that.


Question: What are the symptoms of sexual performance anxiety?

Answer: Your state of mind can have a big impact on your ability to get aroused. Even if you're with someone who you find sexually appealing, worrying about whether you'll be able to please your partner can make it impossible for you to do just that. One of the effects of the stress hormones is to narrow blood vessels. When less blood flows into your penis, it's more difficult to have an erection. Even guys who normally don't have any trouble getting excited might not be able to get an erection when they're overcome by sexual performance anxiety.


Question: How can you control the swelling of your injured wrist?

Answer: Ice the area for 20 minutes at a time, 4 to 8 times the first day. You may apply a compression wrap such as an Ace bandage. Elevate the wrist above heart level.


Question: What follow-up care can you expect for wrist injury?

Answer: If pain and swelling get worse in 24 hours, see a doctor. The doctor may need to order X-rays to rule out a fracture that was not obvious at first and examine the wrist to look for signs of tendonitis, arthritis, gout, infection, or other conditions.


Question: How is stomach cancer prevented?

Answer: Though stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world, the number of cases has dropped over the past several decades. So limit smoked and pickled foods, including salted meats and fish.


Question: How does disposable underwear help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: Some look similar to (and pull on and off like) elastic-banded underwear but are designed to be disposable. Others have tape on the sides so they are adjustable and can be easily removed. They come in a range of colors as well as day and overnight versions.


Question: How do condom catheters help in treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: Male guards are small absorbent pads that fit like a sleeve over the tip of the penis to contain light moisture.


Question: How can a portable toilet help in treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: If you have difficulty walking, talk to your health care clinician. You may benefit from a portable toilet that can be placed close to your bed or living area. In addition, move electrical cords, throw rugs, or furniture out of hallways and walkways so that you do not trip or fall on the way to the bathroom.


Question: How can my doctor help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: Your doctor can recommend the type of products that will help you take control.


Question: How do penile clamps help in treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: Penile clamps which squeezes the penis to keep the urethra closed for mild to moderate leaks. This can be used only for a certain amount of time.


Question: How do incontinence panties and briefs help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: But they include a waterproof liner and built-in cloth pad that can absorb 10 or more ounces of urine. They are reusable, washable, and typically available in a range of colors. You can get day styles as well as overnight ones, which are designed to hold more urine. Like pads, this underwear is designed to be absorbent, to keep moisture from your skin, and to control odor.


Question: How do plastic pants help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: Penile clamps which squeezes the penis to keep the urethra closed for mild to moderate leaks.


Question: How do absorbent pads help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: They're disposable and designed for women and men. Adhesive strips hold them inside your underwear. They trap 8 or more ounces of urine and keep it away from your skin. They also block odor and can be changed throughout the day.


Question: How do protective underpads help me with my urinary incontinence?

Answer: Protective underpads are disposable or reusable flat pads with an absorbent layer on one side and a moisture barrier on the other. They protect mattresses, chairs, or other furniture from urine leaks. Some have antibacterial and antifungal finishes and adhesive strips to keep them in place. They also come in a range of absorbencies.


Question: How do male guards help in treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: Male guards are small absorbent pads that fit like a sleeve over the tip of the penis to contain light moisture.


Question: What are Kegel training devices that I can use for my urinary incontinence?

Answer: There are dozens of items to help you manage mild, moderate, and even severe symptoms. They're disposable and designed for women and men. Vaginal weights, rods, and cones of various sizes are intended for women. It's hard to tell at a glance which items might help you -- or how some of them work. So do research and talk to your doctor before you buy any of them. Your doctor can help you narrow down the choices.


Question: How do pessaries help in treating urinary incontinence?

Answer: They come in a broad range of sizes, absorbencies, styles, and colors. Your doctor will fit you, but it may take some trial and error to figure out which one works best. The pessary must be removed and cleaned with soap and water periodically. Penile clamps which squeezes the penis to keep the urethra closed for mild to moderate leaks.


Question: How often should I get a Pap smear now that I'm menopausal?

Answer: You have no history of a precancerous Pap test result, no HIV infection, no weakened immune system, and no history of in utero exposure to diethystilbestrol.


Question: What symptoms should I look for between Pap smears?

Answer: When cancer is present in the cervix, the most common symptom is abnormal bleeding. Bleeding may start and stop between regular menstrual periods, or it may occur after sexual intercourse or douching (although douching is not recommended). Abnormal vaginal discharge is another symptom. Pain is NOT an early warning sign of the disease.


Question: How can you help someone with Alzheimer's when you're far away?

Answer: Set up online payments to take care of your loved one's bills. Make sure a living will, health-care proxy, and power of attorney are in place. Keep on top of Medicaid, Medicare, or private insurance claims. Try to schedule visits every few weeks or months, and be on the lookout for any cognitive changes. Eventually, you may need to hire a full-time in-home aide or consider moving them into assisted living or a nursing home. Ask a neighbor or nearby friend to drop by often and give you an honest report of the quality of the care, too. Have your loved one give you written permission for their doctors to share medical information with you.


Question: What signs can I check to see how much help my loved one with Alzheimerâs needs?

Answer: Are unopened bills piling up? Are they bathing, grooming, and dressing properly? Do they get lost while driving or walking outside of their home? If they're still living at home rather than in assisted care, use one of your visits to check for possible trouble spots in the house. Yes, that business is important, but you being there is also a chance to connect.


Question: What do prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels indicate in the diagnosis for metastatic prostate cancer?

Answer: PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland. A rise in PSA is one of the first signs your cancer may be growing. But PSA levels can also be high without there being cancer, such as if you have an enlarged prostate or a prostate infection. If you've been treated, especially if a surgeon removed your prostate, your PSA levels should start to go down. Doctors usually wait several weeks after surgery before checking PSA levels. A rise in PSA after treatment may suggest the possibility cancer is back or spreading. In that case, your doctor may order the same tests used to diagnose the original cancer, including a CT scan, MRI, or bone scan. The radiotracer Axumin could be used along with a PET scan to help detect and localize any recurrent cancer. Though very rare, it's possible to have metastatic prostate cancer without a higher-than-normal PSA level.


Question: What does it mean if you have locally advanced metastatic prostate cancer?

Answer: The goals of treatment are to: Manage symptoms Slow the rate your cancer grows Shrink the tumor Some cancers are called "locally advanced." That means the cancer has spread from the prostate to nearby tissue. It's not the same as metastatic cancer since it hasn't spread to other parts of your body. Many locally advanced prostate cancers can be cured.


Question: What are the chances of developing metastatic prostate cancer?

Answer: About 50% of men diagnosed with local prostate cancer will get metastatic cancer during their lifetime. Finding cancer early and treating it can lower that rate. A small percentage of men aren't diagnosed with prostate cancer until it has become metastatic. Doctors can find out if it's metastatic cancer when they take a small sample of the tissue and study the cells.


Question: How long does it take for prostate cancer to become metastatic?

Answer: If your prostate cancer spreads to other parts of your body, your doctor may tell you that it's "metastatic" or that your cancer has "metastasized." That means the cancer has spread from the prostate to nearby tissue.


Question: If allergies are causing your dry eyes and other symptoms, what helps?

Answer: Wear sunglasses or glasses when you're outside. This will help keep pollen out of your eyes. Use special mattress covers on your bed to cut down on dust mites. Use a dehumidifier when humidity in your house is high to help cut down on mold. Wash your hands after you pet a dog or cat.


Question: If allergies aren't the cause of your dry eyes, what's the treatment?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe cyclosporine, which helps fight inflammation. Or she might change one of your prescriptions if your dry eye is a medication side effect. You can also ask your eye doctor if your contact lenses are the problem. You might need to try different lenses, or even stop wearing them completely. It's not likely, but your doctor may recommend a procedure that only takes a minute to plug the holes that allow tears to drain from the eyes to the nose.


Question: What is the treatment for dry eyes if you don't have allergies?

Answer: Tears evaporate too fast. Your doctor may prescribe cyclosporine, which helps fight inflammation. Or she might change one of your prescriptions if your dry eye is a medication side effect. You can also ask your eye doctor if your contact lenses are the problem. You might need to try different lenses, or even stop wearing them completely. It's not likely, but your doctor may recommend a procedure that only takes a minute to plug the holes that allow tears to drain from the eyes to the nose.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help you deal with dry eyes?

Answer: Whether the problem is due to allergies or something else, there are treatments and simple changes in your lifestyle that you can make to feel, and look, better. You can also ask your eye doctor if your contact lenses are the problem. If you only have dry eye every now and then, or your symptoms are mild, you may be able to get some relief from simple remedies and from over-the-counter eye drops (often called âartificial tearsâ). In addition to over-the-counter artificial tears, decongestant eye drops may help. But if you have red eyes, you shouldn't take them for more than a week, as they can make the redness worse.


Question: What can you do to ease your allergy symptoms if you have dry eyes?

Answer: Tears evaporate too fast. Allergies are one possible explanation. If you have allergies and dry eyes, and take antihistamines for the allergies, you may have to stop taking them, since antihistamines can make dry eye worse. Depending on what you're allergic to, you can take a variety of steps to ease your allergy symptoms (including dry eyes): Close windows in your house and car when pollen counts are high, and use air conditioning. Wear sunglasses or glasses when you're outside. This will help keep pollen out of your eyes. Use special mattress covers on your bed to cut down on dust mites. Use a dehumidifier when humidity in your house is high to help cut down on mold. Wash your hands after you pet a dog or cat.


Question: Do problems with tears lead to dry eyes?

Answer: Tears evaporate too fast. If you have dry eye without allergies, there are also treatments.


Question: What are the risks of taking reishi mushroom?

Answer: Reishi mushroom has been used to help enhance the immune system, reduce stress, improve sleep, and lessen fatigue. Taking reishi mushroom may be riskier if you have low blood pressure or are taking therapy to raise your blood pressure, are taking diabetes medications, or have immune system disorders or medications. Higher doses of reishi mushroom might make bleeding more likely in people who have a very low platelet count. Also, avoid using reishi mushroom if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, because there hasn't been enough study on its safety in these circumstances.


Question: How do you take reishi mushroom, and how much?

Answer: Reishi mushrooms are among several medicinal mushrooms that have been used for hundreds of years, mainly in Asian countries, for treatment of infections. Reishi mushroom has been used to help enhance the immune system, reduce stress, improve sleep, and lessen fatigue. Doses may depend upon factors that include: Your age Condition for which the mushroom is being prescribed Form of the mushroom Your overall health But each of these is a typical oral daily dose: 1.5 to 9 grams of crude dried mushroom 1 to 1.5 grams of reishi powder 1 milliliter of reishi solution (tincture) Reishi mushroom is cultivated and sold as a food, but it may be tough and bitter. When taken for health reasons, it is usually dried or taken as an extract, such as in the form of: Liquid Capsule Powder Side effects.


Question: What can you do about your floors to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Remove all loose wires, cords, and throw rugs. Minimize clutter. Make sure rugs are anchored and smooth. Keep furniture in its accustomed place.


Question: How can you prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: While there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk for falls, the two most important things are to work with your doctor to ensure that your treatments are optimal and to consult with a physical therapist who can assess your walking and balance. The physical therapist is the expert when it comes to recommending assistive devices or exercises to improve safety.


Question: What can you do about your bathroom to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install grab bars and nonskid tape in the tub or shower. Use nonskid bath mats on the floor or install wall-to-wall carpeting.


Question: What can you do about your kitchen to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install nonskid rubber mats near the sink and stove. Clean up spills immediately.


Question: What can you do about your entrances and doorways to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Install metal handles on the walls adjacent to doorknobs of all doors to make it more secure as you travel through the doorway.


Question: What can you do about your stairs to prevent falls with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Make sure treads, rails, and rugs are secure. Install a rail on both sides of the stairs. If stairs are a threat, it may be helpful to arrange most of your activities on the lower level to reduce the number of times stairs must be climbed.


Question: What should I do to make my home safe for a 6-month-old baby?

Answer: Your baby may soon be propelling himself around, so continue child-proofing your home: Create a baby-proof safe area where he can move and explore to his heart's content. Keep older children's toys -- ones with small parts -- away from the baby. Put padding on the sharp corners of furniture. Secure electrical cords out of reach. Make sure baby won't be able to grab or try to pull up on unsteady furniture. Anchor bookcases and TVs to the wall so your child can't pull them over and hurt himself. Put safety locks on reachable cabinets. Keep all medications and chemicals out of reach, in locked cabinets.


Question: What questions about foods might I ask my pediatrician when my baby is 6 months old?

Answer: What solid foods is my baby ready for now? What foods should and shouldn't I give him?


Question: What are tips I can follow when feeding my 6 month old baby?

Answer: When your baby is ready to move on from infant cereal, try vegetables, meat, and fruits. Puree, mash, or cut food into tiny pieces. Do not give your baby raw fruits or vegetables just yet. Give baby one new food at a time. Wait 2 to 3 days to see if baby has a reaction before trying a new food. Don't give your baby cow's milk, honey, seafood, peanuts, or tree nuts right now. If you decide to offer egg, start with the yellow part first. Your baby's poop may change color or consistency, depending on what he eats. Try using a sippy cup.


Question: How can I prevent nail fungus?

Answer: To prevent getting a nail fungus infection: Avoid walking barefoot in public areas, such as locker rooms. Keep the inside of your shoes dry and change socks frequently (100% cotton socks are recommended). Wear shoes that fit properly (shoes with a wide toe area and ones that don't press your toes). Use absorbent or antifungal powder.


Question: What are symptoms of nail fungus?

Answer: A nail fungus infection can make nails thick and discolored. Uncommonly, you may feel pain in your toes or fingertips.


Question: How do you treat ingrown toenails?

Answer: In mild cases, ingrown toenails may be treated with a 15-20-minute soak in warm water. Dry cotton can be placed under the corner of the nail. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing increasing pain, swelling, and drainage of the area. Minor surgery can be performed to remove the part of the nail that is poking into the skin.


Question: What are ingrown toenails?

Answer: Ingrown toenails can occur when the corner or side of the nail grows into the flesh of the toe. In many cases, ingrown nails occur in the big toe. The end result of this common condition is pain, redness, and swelling. Infection can occur in some cases.


Question: What causes ingrown toenails?

Answer: Some common causes of ingrown toenail include cutting the nails too short or not straight across, injury to the toenail, and wearing shoes that crowd the toenails.


Question: How is nail fungus diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may be able to tell if you have a nail fungus infection by looking carefully at your nails. He or she may scrape some debris from under a nail and look at it under a microscope or send it to a lab to determine what kind of infection you have.


Question: What causes nail fungus?

Answer: Usually, nail fungus occurs when fungus enters the nail through a small trauma (cut or break) in the nail. Nail fungus is not caused by poor hygiene. Nail fungus can be spread from person to person. It may be hard to determine exactly where or how a fungal infection is acquired. However, a warm, wet place (for example, a locker room) is a good place for a fungus to grow.


Question: How can you prevent ingrown toenails?

Answer: You can prevent ingrown toenails by: Wearing shoes that fit properly Keeping toenails at a moderate length and trimming them straight across


Question: How is nail fungus treated?

Answer: Oral drugs, such as terbinafine, can cure almost 50% of nail fungus infections. Minor surgery can be performed to remove the part of the nail that is poking into the skin.


Question: What is nail fungus?

Answer: Usually, nail fungus occurs when fungus enters the nail through a small trauma (cut or break) in the nail. Toenail infections are more difficult to treat than fingernail infections because the toenail grows more slowly.


Question: What are the best protein sources for a high-protein diet for weight loss?

Answer: Choose protein sources that are nutrient-rich and lower in saturated fat and calories, such as: Lean meats Seafood Beans Soy Low-fat dairy Eggs Nuts and seeds It's a good idea to change up your protein foods.


Question: How does a high-protein diet for weight loss work?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You can try it by adding some extra protein to your meals. Give yourself a week, boosting protein gradually. Remember, calories still count. You'll want to make good choices when you pick your protein. If you plan to add a lot of protein to your diet, or if you have liver or kidney disease, check with your doctor first. Choose protein sources that are nutrient-rich and lower in saturated fat and calories, such as: Lean meats Seafood Beans Soy Low-fat dairy Eggs Nuts and seeds It's a good idea to change up your protein foods. For instance, you could have salmon or other fish that's rich in omega-3s, beans or lentils that give you fiber as well as protein, walnuts on your salad, or almonds on your oatmeal.


Question: Should you have big meals or smaller meals while on a high-protein diet for weight loss?

Answer: Here's how many grams of protein are in these foods: 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese: 14g 3 ounces tofu, firm: 9g 1/2 cup cooked lentils: 9g 2 tablespoons natural-style peanut butter (7g) or almond butter (6.7g) 3 oz skinless chicken breast: 26g 3 oz fish fillet (depending on type of fish): 17-20g 1 ounce provolone cheese: 7g 1/2 cup cooked kidney beans: 7.7g 1 ounce almonds: 6g 1 large egg: 6g 4 ounces low-fat plain yogurt: 6g 4 ounces soy milk: 5g 4 ounces low-fat milk: 4g While you're adding protein to your diet, you should also stock up on "smart carbs" such as: Fruits Vegetables Whole grains Beans and legumes (both also have protein) Low-fat milk and yogurt (both have protein) Also try healthy fats such as: Nuts and natural-style nut butters Seeds Olives Extra virgin olive oil and canola oil Fish Avocados To help manage your appetite, it also helps to split your daily calories into four or five smaller meals or snacks.


Question: Who can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: It can be effective if your depression is mild or moderate. It also can help with more severe cases if your therapist is highly skilled. In some cases, CBT can help you the most if you combine it with other treatments, like antidepressants or other drugs.


Question: Who is likely to get the most benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: Most people who get CBT for depression or anxiety continue to keep using the skills they learned in therapy a year later.


Question: What is cognitive restructuring in cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: It can be effective if your depression is mild or moderate. First, CBT makes you aware you have these thoughts. You may wake up in the morning and wonder, â What's the point of trying?â With CBT, you learn to tell yourself, â That's not a helpful thought. Making an effort has lots of rewards. CBT is the best-proven form of talk therapy, also called psychotherapy. If you also get CBT, your treatment might work even better and the benefits might last longer. It's important that you trust your therapist and feel they're on your side.


Question: What is cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: It can be effective if your depression is mild or moderate. A therapist helps you identify negative or false thoughts and replace those thoughts with healthier, more realistic ones. The change in your attitude leads to a change in your behavior. You may wake up in the morning and wonder, â What's the point of trying?â With CBT, you learn to tell yourself, â That's not a helpful thought.


Question: What is the idea behind cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: A therapist helps you identify negative or false thoughts and replace those thoughts with healthier, more realistic ones. Sessions can be one-on-one, in a group, or with self-help materials under your therapist's guidance.


Question: What does it mean when cognitive behavioral therapy is time-limited?

Answer: It also can help with more severe cases if your therapist is highly skilled. It sometimes works as well as antidepressant drugs for some types of depression. Most people who get CBT for depression or anxiety continue to keep using the skills they learned in therapy a year later.


Question: Is there a standard procedure for cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer: You may wake up in the morning and wonder, â What's the point of trying?â With CBT, you learn to tell yourself, â That's not a helpful thought. If you quit suddenly, it can cause severe depression and other problems. You can get CBT from a psychologist, licensed counselor, licensed clinical social worker, or other professionals with mental health training. Treatment usually lasts 10-20 sessions. Before your treatment ends, your therapist will show you skills to keep your depression from coming back.


Question: What is Rogaine for hair loss?

Answer: Rogaine (topical minoxidil) and Propecia (finasteride) are the only drugs approved by the FDA to treat pattern baldness (hair loss resulting from hereditary causes). Rogaine is a topical solution that is applied by directly rubbing it onto the scalp where hair growth is desired. Only about 10% to 14% of the people who try this lotion experience hair growth. However, Rogaine lotion can help to slow hair loss.


Question: Who is not a candidate for hair replacement?

Answer: Candidates for hair replacement procedures include: Men with male-pattern baldness Some women with female-pattern (genetic) hair loss A person who has lost some hair as a result of burns or other scalp injuries People who've experienced recent hair loss Hair replacement is not recommended for the following people: Women with a diffuse, or wide-spread, pattern of hair loss Those who do not have sufficient "donor" sites (hair-bearing portions of the head from which hair-bearing skin is taken) People who form keloid scars that can result from trauma, surgery, burns, or radiation injury Hair Grafting or Hair Transplant Hair grafting -- also called a hair transplant -- is an outpatient hair replacement procedure performed in the dermatological surgeon's office.


Question: Can childbirth cause hair loss?

Answer: Thyroid disease, severe infection, or flu; fungus infections such as ringworm of the scalp For women, childbirth may cause temporary hair loss due to the changes that take place in the body.


Question: What can cause hair loss?

Answer: Factors that can cause hair loss include: Medications, vitamins, or minerals. Drugs used to treat high blood pressure, heart problems, depression, or gout; chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer patients; unusually high levels of vitamin A or low levels of iron or protein; for women, birth control pills can cause hair loss. Illness. Thyroid disease, severe infection, or flu; fungus infections such as ringworm of the scalp For women, childbirth may cause temporary hair loss due to the changes that take place in the body.


Question: What happens during and after hair grafting?

Answer: In hair grafting, the dermatological surgeon first removes a portion of the hair-bearing scalp from the back of the head. Then, the surgeon cuts the removed scalp into small segments with varying amounts of hair in each graft, which, when transplanted into the balding area, produce a very subtle thickening and "natural" look. With each session, 50 or more hair-bearing segments are usually transplanted. " Donor" sites are closed with stitches, which usually are then concealed by the surrounding hair. After the grafting session is complete, the scalp will be cleaned then covered with gauze and, if necessary, a bandage. Stitches will come out approximately 10 days later.


Question: Will there be any discomfort or side effects with hair grafting?

Answer: Most side effects that come with hair grafting usually go away within one to three weeks. Among the most common side effects are: Swelling Bruising around the eyes Crusting on the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp A lack of feeling or sensation around the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp Itching at the "donor" site Scalp Reduction A scalp reduction is the removal of non-hair-bearing skin from the scalp so that the remaining hair-bearing skin can be stretched to fill in the bald area of the head.


Question: Who is a candidate for hair replacement therapy?

Answer: Candidates for hair replacement procedures include: Men with male-pattern baldness Some women with female-pattern (genetic) hair loss A person who has lost some hair as a result of burns or other scalp injuries People who've experienced recent hair loss Hair replacement is not recommended for the following people: Women with a diffuse, or wide-spread, pattern of hair loss Those who do not have sufficient "donor" sites (hair-bearing portions of the head from which hair-bearing skin is taken) People who form keloid scars that can result from trauma, surgery, burns, or radiation injury Hair Grafting or Hair Transplant Hair grafting -- also called a hair transplant -- is an outpatient hair replacement procedure performed in the dermatological surgeon's office.


Question: What is scalp reduction for hair loss?

Answer: Among the most common side effects are: Swelling Bruising around the eyes Crusting on the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp A lack of feeling or sensation around the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp Itching at the "donor" site Scalp Reduction A scalp reduction is the removal of non-hair-bearing skin from the scalp so that the remaining hair-bearing skin can be stretched to fill in the bald area of the head. Scalp reduction can reduce as much as half of the bald area. It is a procedure performed to cover bald areas on the top and back of the head and is not found to be beneficial for the frontal hairline.


Question: What is Propecia?

Answer: Propecia is the first pill that can treat male pattern hair loss. Like all prescription products, it should be given under a doctor's care. While it is effective, if treatment is discontinued, results may not be maintained.


Question: How long does hair grafting take?

Answer: After each session, a healing process of two to four months is usually recommended.


Question: What is hair grafting for hair replacement?

Answer: Candidates for hair replacement procedures include: Men with male-pattern baldness Some women with female-pattern (genetic) hair loss A person who has lost some hair as a result of burns or other scalp injuries People who've experienced recent hair loss Hair replacement is not recommended for the following people: Women with a diffuse, or wide-spread, pattern of hair loss Those who do not have sufficient "donor" sites (hair-bearing portions of the head from which hair-bearing skin is taken) People who form keloid scars that can result from trauma, surgery, burns, or radiation injury Hair Grafting or Hair Transplant Hair grafting -- also called a hair transplant -- is an outpatient hair replacement procedure performed in the dermatological surgeon's office. Micro grafts contain only one to two hairs per graft, while slit grafts contain between four and ten, and punch grafts hold 10-15 hairs. Also available are mini-grafts (containing two to four hairs) and strip grafts (long thin grafts containing 30 to 40 hairs). Local anesthetic is injected into the scalp and sedation is available if needed for relaxation and comfort.


Question: What are the most common cause of hair loss?

Answer: In fact, heredity accounts for 95% of all the cases of alopecia (baldness) in this country. The remaining 5% of the cases can be due to a number of things, including diet, stress, illness, and medications. Among the most common side effects are: Swelling Bruising around the eyes Crusting on the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp A lack of feeling or sensation around the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp Itching at the "donor" site Scalp Reduction A scalp reduction is the removal of non-hair-bearing skin from the scalp so that the remaining hair-bearing skin can be stretched to fill in the bald area of the head.


Question: What do high dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) results mean?

Answer: The normal range for DHEA- S depends on your age, sex, health, and even the way the lab measures the results. A normal level means your adrenal glands are working right. A high level of DHEA- S could mean you might have: Adrenal cancer or tumors Cushing's disease, which can cause fat on the back of the neck and on the belly, full face, skin bruising, and excess hair growth Adrenal hyperplasia, a condition that makes your adrenal gland overactive Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which causes sex hormones to get out of balance and often leads to infertility A low level of DHEA- S might mean: A damaged adrenal gland Addison's disease, a rare condition that causes weak muscles, lack of energy, weight loss, and low blood pressure Hypopituitarism, a rare hormonal disease that can lead to tiredness, low sex drive, infertility, weight loss, and short height in children This will depend on your specific condition or disease.


Question: What do low dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) results mean?

Answer: A high level of DHEA- S could mean you might have: Adrenal cancer or tumors Cushing's disease, which can cause fat on the back of the neck and on the belly, full face, skin bruising, and excess hair growth Adrenal hyperplasia, a condition that makes your adrenal gland overactive Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which causes sex hormones to get out of balance and often leads to infertility A low level of DHEA- S might mean: A damaged adrenal gland Addison's disease, a rare condition that causes weak muscles, lack of energy, weight loss, and low blood pressure Hypopituitarism, a rare hormonal disease that can lead to tiredness, low sex drive, infertility, weight loss, and short height in children This will depend on your specific condition or disease.


Question: What should I know about cleft lips and cleft palates?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cleft lip and cleft palate are facial and oral malformations that occur very early in pregnancy, while the baby is developing inside the mother. Clefting results when there is not enough tissue in the mouth or lip area, and the tissue that is available does not join together properly.


Question: How can speech problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Children with cleft lip or cleft palate may also have trouble speaking. These children's voices don't carry well, the voice may take on a nasal sound, and the speech may be difficult to understand. Not all children have these problems and surgery may fix these problems entirely for some. For others, a special doctor, called speech pathologist, will work with the child to resolve speech difficulties.


Question: Who gets cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, affects one in 700 babies annually, and is the fourth most common birth defect in the U. S. Clefts occur more often in children of Asian, Latino, or Native American descent. Compared with girls, twice as many boys have a cleft lip, both with and without a cleft palate. However, compared with boys, twice as many girls have cleft palate without a cleft lip.


Question: How do doctors treat a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient. Treatment usually begins in infancy and often continues through early adulthood.


Question: What is a cleft lip?

Answer: A cleft lip is a physical split or separation of the two sides of the upper lip and appears as a narrow opening or gap in the skin of the upper lip. This separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum.


Question: Who treats children with cleft lip and/or palate?

Answer: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient.


Question: How can eating problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: With a separation or opening in the palate, food and liquids can pass from the mouth back through the nose. Fortunately, specially designed baby bottles and nipples that help keep fluids flowing downward toward the stomach are available. Children with a cleft palate may need to wear a man-made palate to help them eat properly and ensure that they are receiving adequate nutrition until surgical treatment is provided.


Question: How can ear infections or hearing loss happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Children with cleft palate are at increased risk of ear infections since they are more prone to fluid build-up in the middle ear. If left untreated, ear infections can cause hearing loss. To prevent this from happening, children with cleft palate usually need special tubes placed in the eardrums to aid fluid drainage, and their hearing needs to be checked once a year.


Question: What does prosthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: He or she may make a dental bridge to replace missing teeth or make special appliances called "speech bulbs" or "palatal lifts" to help close the nose from the mouth so that speech sounds more normal. The prosthodontist coordinates treatment with the oral or plastic surgeon and with the speech pathologist.


Question: Where can a cleft lip and a cleft palate occur?

Answer: Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible to have a cleft lip without a cleft palate, a cleft palate without a cleft lip, or both together.


Question: What does orthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: The purpose of this appointment is to assess facial growth, especially jaw development. After teeth erupt, an orthodontist can further assess a child's short and long-term dental needs. After the permanent teeth erupt, orthodontic treatment can be applied to align the teeth.


Question: What causes a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: In most cases, the cause of cleft lip and cleft palate is unknown. These conditions cannot be prevented. Most scientists believe clefts are due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There appears to be a greater chance of clefting in a newborn if a sibling, parent, or relative has had the problem. Another potential cause may be related to a medication a mother may have taken during her pregnancy. Some drugs may cause cleft lip and cleft palate. Among them: anti-seizure/anticonvulsant drugs, acne drugs containing Accutane, and methotrexate, a drug commonly used for treating cancer, arthritis, and psoriasis. Cleft lip and cleft palate may also occur as a result of exposure to viruses or chemicals while the fetus is developing in the womb. In other situations, cleft lip and cleft palate may be part of another medical condition.


Question: What is a cleft palate?

Answer: A cleft palate can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth).


Question: What is the outlook for children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate?

Answer: Although treatment for a cleft lip and/or cleft palate may extend over several years and require several surgeries depending upon the involvement, most children affected by this condition can achieve normal appearance, speech, and eating.


Question: How are cleft lip and cleft palate diagnosed?

Answer: A cleft palate can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth). Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible to have a cleft lip without a cleft palate, a cleft palate without a cleft lip, or both together. If the clefting has not been detected in an ultrasound prior to the baby's birth, a physical exam of the mouth, nose, and palate confirms the presence of cleft lip or cleft palate after a child's birth. Sometimes diagnostic testing may be conducted to determine or rule out the presence of other abnormalities.


Question: How can dental problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: This separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum. A defect in the alveolus can (1) displace, tip, or rotate permanent teeth, (2) prevent permanent teeth from appearing, and (3) prevent the alveolar ridge from forming. These problems can usually be repaired through oral surgery. However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring.


Question: What does the treatment for cleft lip and cleft palate involve?

Answer: Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Repair of a cleft palate often requires multiple surgeries over the course of 18 years. The first surgery to repair the palate usually occurs when the baby is between 6 and 12 months old. The initial surgery creates a functional palate, reduces the chances that fluid will develop in the middle ears, and aids in the proper development of the teeth and facial bones. Children with a cleft palate may also need a bone graft when they are about 8 years old to fill in the upper gum line so that it can support permanent teeth and stabilize the upper jaw. About 20% of children with a cleft palate require further surgeries to help improve their speech. Once the permanent teeth grow in, braces are often needed to straighten the teeth. Additional surgeries may be performed to improve the appearance of the lip and nose, close openings between the mouth and nose, help breathing, and stabilize and realign the jaw. Final repairs of the scars left by the initial surgery will probably not be performed until adolescence, when the facial structure is more fully developed.


Question: What does early dental care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring. Appropriate cleaning with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush should begin as soon as teeth erupt. If a soft children's toothbrush will not adequately clean the teeth because of the modified shape of the mouth and teeth, a toothette may be recommended by your dentist. A toothette is a soft, mouthwash-containing sponge on a handle that's used to swab teeth. Many dentists recommend that the first dental visit be scheduled at about 1 year of age or even earlier if there are special dental problems. Routine dental care can begin around 1 year of age.


Question: What is the recommended dental care for children with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate?

Answer: Due to the number of oral health and medical problems associated with a cleft lip or cleft palate, a team of doctors and other specialists is usually involved in the care of these children. However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring.


Question: How are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and left-sided heart failure linked?

Answer: It's not directly related to COPD. But the two conditions may influence each other. For example, low oxygen in the blood from COPD may put extra strain on your heart, which worsens left-sided heart failure. And too much fluid in your lungs from heart failure can make breathing even harder if you have COPD.


Question: How can you tell if it is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure that is causing breathing problems?

Answer: Your doctor may give you: Physical examination: Listening to your lungs and heart, and looking at the veins in your neck, can help your doctor tell the difference between COPD and heart failure. Chest X-ray: Heart failure may cause fluid in your lungs to be visible on a chest X-ray. With COPD, your lungs are usually clear or may look like they're over-inflated. Brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) test: This hormone is usually at high levels in your blood if you have heart failure, whether or not you also have COPD. Pulmonary function tests: Doctors can use breathing tests to diagnose COPD. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound test of your heart that can evaluate the heart chambers, valves, and pumping strength. Cardiac enzymes: This blood test can help diagnose a heart attack or too much strain on your heart. Every case is different. Some people have severe COPD and only mild heart failure. Others have severe heart failure and only mild COPD. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms. If COPD and heart failure are equally severe, doctors must make their best guess as to which condition is causing your symptoms. To make things even more complicated, COPD and heart failure can at times act up at the same time. For example, if you have worsening heart failure symptoms that cause rapid breathing, this can make COPD symptoms worse, as well. If your doctor can't tell which condition causes your shortness of breath, he'll probably treat both together.


Question: What are drugs associated with alcohol interactions?

Answer: Left-sided heart failure is most often caused by high blood pressure or coronary artery disease.


Question: What are treatments for severe shortness of breath from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure?

Answer: If your doctor can't tell which condition causes your shortness of breath, he'll probably treat both together. Treatments for COPD focus on your lungs and your airways, the branching network of tubes inside the lungs. The main treatments for COPD are bronchodilators, which are inhaled medicines that help open the airways. Heart failure treatments curb the workload on your heart and help prevent unhealthy growth of heart muscle. Several types of medicines do this. If you have severe shortness of breath from COPD and heart failure, you may get other treatments, as well: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol), which can improve breathing in people with COPD Antibiotics if any bacterial infection may be part of the problem Supplemental oxygen Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, a form of machine-assisted breathing Mechanical ventilation, or temporary life support, through a breathing tube IV medicines to ease heart strain And, if you have either condition and smoke, quitting should be a top priority for your health. If you have both COPD and heart failure, a team of doctors will probably treat you, including a primary care physician, a cardiologist, and a pulmonologist, who is a doctor specializing in lung conditions.


Question: Mixing alcohol and medications can increase the risk of what complications?

Answer: If you have severe shortness of breath from COPD and heart failure, you may get other treatments, as well: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol), which can improve breathing in people with COPD Antibiotics if any bacterial infection may be part of the problem Supplemental oxygen Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, a form of machine-assisted breathing Mechanical ventilation, or temporary life support, through a breathing tube IV medicines to ease heart strain And, if you have either condition and smoke, quitting should be a top priority for your health.


Question: What is the similarities and differences between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure?

Answer: Breathing problems happen for different reasons with these conditions. But when you're active, your breath starts coming in before air from your last exhale goes out. That causes shortness of breath. If you have heart failure, your heart doesn't pump blood efficiently. As with COPD, if you have heart failure, you can probably breathe easily when at rest. With activity, blood flow must increase, and your heart must pump harder and faster. If your heart can't keep up, blood âbacks upâ into your lungs. This fluid congestion causes shortness of breath. If you have both COPD and heart failure and find yourself short of breath, it can be hard to tell which condition is causing your breathing problems.


Question: What are commonly used drugs associated with serious alcohol interactions?

Answer: If you have both COPD and heart failure and find yourself short of breath, it can be hard to tell which condition is causing your breathing problems. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms.


Question: Why are older Americans at special risk of alcohol interactions with medication?

Answer: Breathing problems happen for different reasons with these conditions. It's not directly related to COPD. Many conditions other than COPD also cause right-sided heart failure.


Question: How are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and right-sided heart failure linked?

Answer: Severe COPD can cause heart failure in your heart's lower right chamber, or ventricle. Many conditions other than COPD also cause right-sided heart failure.


Question: Can alcohol alter the effectiveness of medication?

Answer: Your doctor may give you: Physical examination: Listening to your lungs and heart, and looking at the veins in your neck, can help your doctor tell the difference between COPD and heart failure. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms.


Question: What is the difference between multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Answer: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. Doctors often mistake MMN for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. They have similar symptoms, like twitching. Unlike ALS, though, MMN is treatable.


Question: What is motor neuropathy (MMN)?

Answer: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. The condition makes it hard for them to send the electrical signals that move your body, which makes your hands and arms feel weak. They'll also twitch and cramp. MMN is not life-threatening, and, in most cases, treatments can make the muscles stronger. The disease can get worse slowly, and after a while, you may have a hard time doing daily tasks, like typing or getting dressed. But for many people, symptoms may be so mild that they don't need treatment at all. Most people are diagnosed with MMN in their 40s and 50s, although adults from ages 20 to 80 can find out they have the disease.


Question: What causes motor neuropathy (MMN)?

Answer: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. No one knows what causes MMN. Scientists do know it's an autoimmune disease, meaning your immune system mistakenly attacks your nerve cells as if they were invaders. Researchers are studying the disease to try to find out why it happens.


Question: What should I expect if I have multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN)?

Answer: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. If you get treatment for MMN early, you're more likely to have few symptoms or long-term problems. If you have trouble with certain activities, you may want to see an occupational or physical therapist. They can help you keep your muscles strong and show you how to do daily tasks more easily if your muscles are bothering you. Many people with MMN can continue most or at least some of their normal activities. If your hand muscles are weak, you may have trouble eating, typing, writing, or buttoning clothes. If your leg muscles are affected, you could have trouble walking. Some people with severe MMN have trouble in all these areas.


Question: How is phototherapy used to treat palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: This treatment uses medication along with ultraviolet light to slow down skin growth and help with symptoms for long periods of time.


Question: Who gets palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: Any adult can get the condition. But more women have it than men, and it's most often found in people between 40 and 60.


Question: Who can get palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: But more women have it than men, and it's most often found in people between 40 and 60. As many as 24% of people with PPP also have psoriasis. Psoriasis happens when skin cells build up rapidly with thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches.


Question: What causes palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: The cause is unclear, but there's a known link between PPP and smoking. Studies show that up to 90% of people with the skin condition smoke or once did. Nicotine in tobacco products can affect your skin cells and cause inflammation in your sweat glands, especially on your hands and feet. If you stop smoking, your symptoms may get better.


Question: What can you do to manage palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you feel better: If you smoke, stop. Don't use bubble bath or shower gel. Do use a soap with moisturizer. Protect your skin. Wear vinyl gloves when you work with water, use household cleaners, or work in your garden. Wear 100% cotton socks, and avoid shoes made from man-made products. Be careful. Any injuries, even minor ones, can be hard on your skin. If you have an injury, use waterproof bandages. Keep the affected areas clean. Rest your hands and feet often.


Question: How are topical steroids used to treat palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: These creams, used with a sterile bandage or vinyl dressing, are anti-inflammatory treatments. They can help with inflammation, swelling, tenderness, and pain.


Question: Is there a link beteween palmoplantar pustolisis and smoking?

Answer: The cause is unclear, but there's a known link between PPP and smoking. Studies show that up to 90% of people with the skin condition smoke or once did. Nicotine in tobacco products can affect your skin cells and cause inflammation in your sweat glands, especially on your hands and feet. If you stop smoking, your symptoms may get better.


Question: What things can I do to treat palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you feel better: If you smoke, stop. Don't use bubble bath or shower gel. Do use a soap with moisturizer. Protect your skin. Wear vinyl gloves when you work with water, use household cleaners, or work in your garden. Wear 100% cotton socks, and avoid shoes made from man-made products. Be careful. Any injuries, even minor ones, can be hard on your skin. If you have an injury, use waterproof bandages. Keep the affected areas clean. Rest your hands and feet often.


Question: How is palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) diagnosed?

Answer: To see if you have PPP, your doctor will check your skin. Most often, they'll take a painless scrape or swab of the area. Sometimes, they'll need to remove a small piece of skin to confirm PPP. The area will be numbed, and you may need a few stitches afterward. Your doctor will look at the tissue under a microscope to see if you have PPP.


Question: How are acitretin tablets used to treat palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: Made from , these can help you manage PPP. But acitretin can have strong side effects, so it's not for everyone. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant shouldn't use it. Men who want to have children should talk to their doctor before taking it.


Question: Is there a link between palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and psoriasis?

Answer: As many as 24% of people with PPP also have psoriasis. Psoriasis happens when skin cells build up rapidly with thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches.


Question: What are the treatments for palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: The blisters and sores can make it hard for you to walk comfortably or to use your hands without pain. Though nothing will cure PPP, treatment can help. Yours may include: Topical steroids . These creams, used with a sterile bandage or vinyl dressing, are anti-inflammatory treatments. They can help with inflammation, swelling, tenderness, and pain. Coal tar also slows the production of your skin cells and helps shed cells so your skin doesn't become thick. Acitretin tablets. Made from , these can help you manage PPP. But acitretin can have strong side effects, so it's not for everyone. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant shouldn't use it. Men who want to have children should talk to their doctor before taking it. Photo therapy or PUVA. This treatment uses medication along with ultraviolet light to slow down skin growth and help with symptoms for long periods of time.


Question: What should I do if I have blisters or cracks on the palms of my hands or soles of my feet?

Answer: Palmoplantar pustulosis is an autoimmune disorder that causes blister-like sores to show up on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. To see if you have PPP, your doctor will check your skin.


Question: What is palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP)?

Answer: Palmoplantar pustulosis is an autoimmune disorder that causes blister-like sores to show up on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. Sometimes it comes back. But it could go away and never return. To see if you have PPP, your doctor will check your skin.


Question: Which adults should get the MMR vaccine?

Answer: The CDC says most adults born in 1957 or later should get at least one dose of the MMR vaccine. Because of the risk of birth defects, all women of childbearing age should have the MMR vaccine unless they're pregnant or have proof of immunity, or proof of already being vaccinated for rubella.


Question: Should someone ever get more than one dose of the MMR vaccine?

Answer: The CDC says adults at greater risk of measles or mumps should get two doses of MMR vaccine, the second one 4 weeks after the first. This includes adults who: Have been exposed to measles or mumps or live in an area where an outbreak has happened Are students in colleges or trade schools Travel internationally Work in health care For measles, the CDC advises a second dose for adults who: Were previously given a vaccine made with "killed" measles (instead of the live-type of vaccine used today) Were given an MMR vaccine between 1963 and 1967, but there's no record of what type.


Question: What's in the MMR vaccine?

Answer: Adults should talk with their doctor if they: Have HIV Have any other immune system disorder Have cancer or are being given cancer drugs or X-rays Are taking steroids or other drugs that affect the immune system Have had a low platelet count (a blood disorder) Have had a blood transfusion or took blood products Have a moderate or severe illness As with many vaccines, the MMR vaccine works with the immune system to build up protection by putting a small amount of the virus into the body. The safest and most effective ingredients in the MMR vaccine used today include "attenuated" forms of each virus, which means they're live forms of the virus that have been made weak in medical labs.


Question: What side effects can the MMR vaccine cause?

Answer: A few people develop a short-term mild rash, fever, swollen glands, or pain and stiffness in the joints after getting the shot. More serious, and rare, side effects include a temporary low platelet count or serious allergic reaction. Call your doctor if you have trouble breathing, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, hives, weakness, or other problems after vaccination.


Question: Who should avoid the MMR vaccine?

Answer: Adults who have had a life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin, a previous MMR vaccine, or a medication called neomycin should not get the vaccine. Medical conditions. Adults should talk with their doctor if they: Have HIV Have any other immune system disorder Have cancer or are being given cancer drugs or X-rays Are taking steroids or other drugs that affect the immune system Have had a low platelet count (a blood disorder) Have had a blood transfusion or took blood products Have a moderate or severe illness As with many vaccines, the MMR vaccine works with the immune system to build up protection by putting a small amount of the virus into the body.


Question: Which diseases are covered by the MMR  vaccine?

Answer: The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella ( German measles). They can pass from person to person through coughing, sneezing, or just breathing. Because of the risk of birth defects, all women of childbearing age should have the MMR vaccine unless they're pregnant or have proof of immunity, or proof of already being vaccinated for rubella.


Question: Who does not need to get the MMR vaccine?

Answer: The CDC advises most adults born in 1957 or afterward who can't show that they've had all 3 diseases get an MMR vaccine, whether they had one as a child or not. Because of the risk of birth defects, all women of childbearing age should have the MMR vaccine unless they're pregnant or have proof of immunity, or proof of already being vaccinated for rubella.


Question: Why do adults need the MMR vaccine?

Answer: And not everyone gets vaccinated as a child. Many adults move to the U. S. from countries without immunization programs. World travel increases the chances of these diseases spreading. Rubella ( German measles).


Question: Do spermicides help prevent HIV and other STDs?

Answer: This can make it easier for you to get HIV and other STDs. If your penis or vagina gets irritated, stop using the spermicide and see your doctor. Other than not having sex, condoms are the best way to prevent STDs.


Question: What are spermicides?

Answer: Spermicide is a chemical that prevents pregnancy by killing sperm so they can't fertilize an egg. The only spermicide available in the U. S. is nonoxynol-9 ( N-9).


Question: How effective are spermicides?

Answer: Spermicide used alone is about 70% to 80% effective, but when used together and properly, spermicide and condoms are about 97% effective in preventing pregnancy.


Question: What is birth control?

Answer: Some condoms have spermicide. Other than not having sex, condoms are the best way to prevent STDs.


Question: What causes skier's thumb?

Answer: A fall on an outstretched hand with a ski pole in the palm of your hand creates the force necessary to stress the thumb and stretch or tear the ligament. A simple fall on an outstretched hand with an empty palm usually does not create this same force. However, your thumb can also be injured if it jams into packed snow at high velocity. Another less common cause of this injury is an automobile crash when the driver has the thumb alone draped over the steering wheel.


Question: What is the surgery for skier's thumb?

Answer: If you elect to have surgery, then operative exploration and ligament repair using something called a "suture anchor" will most likely be performed. After the operation, your hand may be placed in a lightweight cast to hold your thumb still while your ligament heals. You will have to remain in this cast for some time based on your orthopedic surgeon's preferences, although some surgeons now advocate early gentle motion. If you have an associated fracture with your skier's thumb, then it may be treated with a modified cast. Surgical stabilization of the fracture might be needed if a piece of bone has broken off.


Question: What are symptoms of skier's thumb?

Answer: These symptoms may occur minutes to hours after the fall that created the injury: Pain at the base of the thumb in the web space between thumb and index finger Swelling of your thumb Inability to grasp or weakness of grasp between your thumb and index finger Tenderness to the touch along the index finger side of your thumb Blue or black discoloration of the skin over the thumb Thumb pain that worsens with movement in any or all directions Pain in the wrist (which may be referred pain from your thumb) If you experience any of the symptoms of skier's thumb following an injury, call your doctor as soon as possible.


Question: Should I see a doctor about skier's thumb?

Answer: Follow your doctor's instructions about special home care considerations and find out when your thumb can be checked. If you determine that skier's thumb is possible, considering the way your accident happened, then you should be taken by car to a hospital's emergency department. There is no need to go by ambulance unless that is your only means of transportation or there is another more serious injury associated with the accident. ( You should see your doctor as soon as possible after the injury and then follow a doctor's directions for ice therapy.)


Question: Are there home treatments for skier's thumb?

Answer: How soon after the injury did the pain and swelling begin? Apply ice to the thumb for 35 minutes at a time, up to 4 times per day. Do not apply ice directly to your skin. Continue to use ice until the pain stops. ( You should see your doctor as soon as possible after the injury and then follow a doctor's directions for ice therapy.) Take acetaminophen for pain relief or ibuprofen for anti-inflammatory action.


Question: How can I prevent getting skier's thumb?

Answer: If you determine that skier's thumb is possible, considering the way your accident happened, then you should be taken by car to a hospital's emergency department. Skiers should be taught to consciously discard the ski pole during all falls. Falling onto an outstretched hand while skiing without the ski pole in hand should minimize the chance of injury.


Question: How is skier's thumb treated?

Answer: If the doctor determines that you have a skier's thumb, then referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon will be the next step. Typically, partial injuries to the ligament are immobilized for several weeks, while complete rupture of the ligament usually requires surgical repair. The doctor will decide if you need to continue to immobilize your thumb or if you need physical therapy to regain movement in it.


Question: How can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect tuberculosis?

Answer: When your immune system is weak, TB germs can multiply and cause symptoms. Someone infected with both HIV and TB is at least 10 times more likely to develop active TB, especially when their CD4 count is under 200. Regardless of your CD4 count, having both infections also means you have AIDS, the advanced stage of HIV. Worldwide, TB is a leading cause of death for people with HIV.


Question: How do drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) interact?

Answer: To treat active tuberculosis, you'll take a combination of drugs for several months that commonly include: Ethambutol, or EMB ( Myambutol) Isoniazid, or INH ( Nydrazid) Pyrazinamide, or PZA ( Tebrazid) Rifampin, or RIF ( Rifadin) Drugs for HIV and for TB don't always work well together. Your doctor will decide which combination of medications will be best for you. If you have active TB, your TB must be treated immediately. If you are already on ART, your doctor may have to adjust your HIV drugs. If you are not already on ART, your doctor will decide how soon you should start ART.


Question: What are some other symptoms someone with migraines may feel?

Answer: There are still more ways you might feel when you get a migraine. Some things to watch out for: Increased appetite Sweating or cold hands Pale facial color Drowsiness or depression Restlessness Sense of well-being Surge of energy Excessive yawning No matter how you feel, it's a good idea to keep a diary of your symptoms. Take it with you when you see your doctor so you can give him an accurate update on what's been going on. It will help him make the right diagnosis and put you on the road to relief.


Question: What should I do if my prescribed medications are not treating my atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Continue Reading Below Medicines are one option for treating AFib. If they don't work or you can't live with the side effects, you do have other choices, including surgery. Discuss all of your options with your doctor.


Question: If I am treating atrial fibrillation (AFib), will I need to take blood-thinning medicine before starting a heart rhythm medicine?

Answer: You might need to take a blood-thinning medicine for a few weeks before you start on one of these drugs to prevent a clot.


Question: What other blood pressure medications are used to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: These are another type of blood pressure medicine. They relax blood vessels in your heart and slow your heart rate. Examples are: Diltiazem ( Cardizem, Dilacor) Verapamil ( Calan, Calan SR, Covera- HS, Isoptin SR, Verelan) Some of the possible side effects of calcium channel blockers: Feeling tired Red skin Swelling of the belly, ankles, or feet Heartburn Precautions: Skip grapefruits and grapefruit juice if you're taking calcium channel blockers.


Question: How can I be prescribed heart rhythm medications to treat my atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Options include: Sodium channel blockers, which slow your heart's ability to conduct electricity: Flecainide ( Tambocor) Propafenone ( Rythmol) Quinidine Potassium channel blockers, which slow the electrical signals that cause AFib: Amiodarone ( Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), Dofetilide ( Tikosyn) Sotalol ( Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize) You'll get this type of treatment in a hospital or at your doctor's office. Your doctor will watch your heart rhythm during treatment to see how well the medicine is working.


Question: I am treating my atrial fibrillation (AFib), what are my options for heart rhythm medications?

Answer: Your doctor might recommend one of these medicines if rate control drugs alone haven't helped you. Heart rhythm medications work best if you just recently started having AFib. Options include: Sodium channel blockers, which slow your heart's ability to conduct electricity: Flecainide ( Tambocor) Propafenone ( Rythmol) Quinidine Potassium channel blockers, which slow the electrical signals that cause AFib: Amiodarone ( Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), Dofetilide ( Tikosyn) Sotalol ( Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize) You'll get this type of treatment in a hospital or at your doctor's office.


Question: I am treating atrial fibrillation (AFib), can blood thinning medications increase my chances of bleeding?

Answer: Some examples of these drugs are: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Aspirin Clopidogrel ( Plavix) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Enoxaparin ( Lovenox) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven) All of these medicines can raise your chances of bleeding. Be very careful when you play sports or do activities that could cause you to injure yourself and bleed.


Question: What are my options of blood thinning medicines to treat my atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Blood-thinning medicines help prevent blood clots. They can lower your chances of a stroke by 50% to 70%. Some examples of these drugs are: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Aspirin Clopidogrel ( Plavix) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Enoxaparin ( Lovenox) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven) All of these medicines can raise your chances of bleeding.


Question: Is blood pressure medication used to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: One group of AFib medications alters the electrical signals in your heart to slow your heart rate. These medicines don't fix the abnormal heart rhythm, but they can help you feel better. Beta-blockers are a type of blood pressure medicine. Some of them are: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta, Ziac) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol) Propranolol ( Inderal, Innopran) Timolol ( Betimol, Istalol) Side effects of beta-blockers can include: Feeling tired Cold hands and feet Weakness and dizziness Dry mouth, eyes, and skin Precautions: Beta-blockers don't work for everyone: Don't take them if you have asthma.


Question: What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers when treating atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Examples are: Diltiazem ( Cardizem, Dilacor) Verapamil ( Calan, Calan SR, Covera- HS, Isoptin SR, Verelan) Some of the possible side effects of calcium channel blockers: Feeling tired Red skin Swelling of the belly, ankles, or feet Heartburn Precautions: Skip grapefruits and grapefruit juice if you're taking calcium channel blockers.


Question: What are the side effects of digoxin (Digox, Lanoxin) when treating atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Slow your heart rate . Side effects include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Stomach pain Appetite loss Slow or fast heartbeat Confusion These medications control your heart rhythm by slowing the electrical signals through your heart.


Question: How can an inhaler help me quit smoking?

Answer: Inhaler : Just like the asthma treatment, you place this cartridge into your mouth and breathe in a puff of nicotine. It's by prescription only, and you'll use it for about 12 weeks.


Question: How can nicotine replacement products help when you quit smoking?

Answer: Nicotine Replacement Products These slowly break your addiction with controlled doses of nicotine. They let you manage your cravings and provide some relief from withdrawal symptoms. The doses get lower and lower as you take them, so you get used to less and less nicotine before you stop altogether. You may have up to a 70% greater chance of quitting if you use one of these products. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your doctor before you start.


Question: How can bupropion (Zyban) help when you quit smoking?

Answer: Bupropion is an antidepressant that lowers your desire to smoke. You're most likely to get it if varenicline doesn't work or if there's a reason you can't take it. Don't take it with nicotine products unless your doctor tells you to. Common side effects are insomnia, nightmares, and a dry mouth.


Question: How can counseling help me quit smoking?

Answer: Other Methods Counseling : You can use it as your main method or a support tool. Brief sessions, even as short as 3 minutes, have been shown to help. Programs differ, but in general, they help you pick a quit date, give you techniques to make the change, and teach you how to manage the process and prevent a relapse. Many hospitals and clinics offer solo and group sessions with counselors for free or at a low cost. If that isn't an option, every state has a quit-smoking hotline you can call.


Question: How can nicotine lozenges help me quit smoking?

Answer: Lozenge: You take these OTC capsules after meals. They dissolve in your mouth. Your dose depends on how much you smoke. Treatment should take 12 weeks.


Question: How can hypnosis help me quit smoking?

Answer: Hypnosis: A trained hypnotherapist will place you into trance-like state. He'll then make suggestions that will help you get rid of the urge to smoke. Doctors still don't know how effective this method is or if it works at all. Some studies say that it works better than using nicotine products, while others say there's no benefit.


Question: How can nicotine gum help me quit smoking?

Answer: When the tingling is gone, start chewing again. Do this over and over again until the tingle is gone â usually after about 30 minutes. If you feel the need to continue, talk to your doctor. They dissolve in your mouth. Your dose depends on how much you smoke. Treatment should take 12 weeks. Varenicline ( Chantix ) is probably the first medicine you'll try if you need a prescription.


Question: How can a dentist tell when a wisdom teeth removal is needed?

Answer: Your dentist will look at the shape of your mouth and the position of your teeth to make a decision. Your age plays a role, too. Still not ready to part with your molars? You can ask your dentist to explain what he sees with your teeth. In many cases, you can wait several months to see if things change before making your decision. But if you have pain or notice swelling or a bad odor near your back teeth, it may be time for a second look.


Question: What happens during a meditation session?

Answer: During a meditation session, intruding worries or thoughts should be ignored or dismissed to the best of your ability by focusing on the sound, word or phrase. It's OK to open your eyes to look at a clock while you are practicing, but do not set an alarm. When you have finished, remain seated, first with your eyes closed and then with your eyes open, and gradually allow your thoughts to return to everyday reality.


Question: What is the history of meditation?

Answer: In his book The Relaxation Response (published in 1975 and reissued in 2000), Benson recommends practicing the technique once or twice a day.


Question: How does relaxation response of meditation work?

Answer: This should be done in a quiet place free of distractions. Sitting is preferred to lying down in order to avoid falling asleep. Relax your muscles starting with the feet and progressing up to your face. Breathe though your nose in a free and natural way. During a meditation session, intruding worries or thoughts should be ignored or dismissed to the best of your ability by focusing on the sound, word or phrase.


Question: What is meditation?

Answer: Meditation is a simple technique that, if practiced for as few as 10 minutes each day, can help you control stress, decrease anxiety, improve cardiovascular health, and achieve a greater capacity for relaxation.


Question: What causes anemia in people with diabetes?

Answer: Diabetes often leads to kidney damage, and failing kidneys can cause anemia. Healthy kidneys know when your body needs new red blood cells. They release a hormone called erythropoietin ( EPO), which signals your bone marrow to make more. Damaged kidneys don't send out enough EPO to keep up with your needs. Often, people don't realize they have kidney disease until it's very far along. But if you test positive for anemia, it can be an early sign of a problem with your kidneys.


Question: What are signs that I have anemia?

Answer: When your brain and other organs don't get enough oxygen, you feel tired and weak. Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood.


Question: Can kidney dialysis cause anemia?

Answer: If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia.


Question: What are the symptoms of anemia?

Answer: When your brain and other organs don't get enough oxygen, you feel tired and weak. Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood.


Question: How do doctors test for anemia?

Answer: Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood. It counts your red and white blood cells and platelets, and it checks whether the red blood cells are a normal size. It also checks the levels of hemoglobin in your blood and your blood volume. If your hemoglobin levels are low, you may be anemic. The normal ranges are 14 to 17.5 for men and 12.3 to 15.3 for women. If you have a lower percentage of red blood cells in your blood, you may be anemic.


Question: How is anemia because of high blood pressure and high blood sugar treated?

Answer: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause the kidney damage that brings on anemia. If your doctor has prescribed you medication for either high blood pressure or high blood sugar, it's important that you take it. A good diet and regular exercise also help.


Question: How is anemia because of a lack of erythropoietin treated?

Answer: If your kidneys don't make enough EPO -- the hormone that boosts the level of red blood cells you make -- your treatment may be a synthetic version of the hormone. You'll get an injection every week or two, or you'll have it during dialysis. It raises hemoglobin for most people, but it may also increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor needs to watch you closely while you're on it If your anemia is severe, you may need a blood transfusion.


Question: What can affect the absorption of iron if I'm anemic?

Answer: Good sources of iron include: Iron-fortified breads and cereals Beans and lentils Oysters Liver Green leafy vegetables, especially spinach Tofu Red meat Fish Dried fruit, like prunes, raisins and apricots Your body absorbs iron better if you have it along with food that contains vitamin C, like fruits and vegetables. Coffee, tea, and calcium can make you absorb less of it. High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause the kidney damage that brings on anemia. If your doctor has prescribed you medication for either high blood pressure or high blood sugar, it's important that you take it. A good diet and regular exercise also help.


Question: How is anemia treated?

Answer: Your doctor may test you for: Iron deficiency Kidney failure Vitamin deficiency Internal bleeding Bone marrow health If you're anemic because your iron levels are low, it may help to eat iron-rich foods and take supplements. For people on kidney dialysis, it's best to get iron injected directly into a vein. If your kidneys don't make enough EPO -- the hormone that boosts the level of red blood cells you make -- your treatment may be a synthetic version of the hormone. You'll get an injection every week or two, or you'll have it during dialysis. It raises hemoglobin for most people, but it may also increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor needs to watch you closely while you're on it If your anemia is severe, you may need a blood transfusion.


Question: How does anemia affect the kidneys in diabetes patients?

Answer: Often, people don't realize they have kidney disease until it's very far along. But if you test positive for anemia, it can be an early sign of a problem with your kidneys. People with diabetes are more likely to have inflamed blood vessels. This can keep bone marrow from getting the signal they need to make more red blood cells.


Question: How can some medications affect the blood of diabetics?

Answer: And some medications used to treat diabetes can drop your levels of the protein hemoglobin, which you need to carry oxygen through your blood. These drugs include ACE inhibitors, fibrates, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. If you take one of these, talk to your doctor about your risk for anemia. If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia.


Question: Why does someone with diabetes need to get their blood checked regularly?

Answer: If you spot anemia early on, you can better manage the issues causing it. Healthy kidneys know when your body needs new red blood cells. People with diabetes are more likely to have inflamed blood vessels. If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia.


Question: Is it common for people with diabetes to have anemia?

Answer: If you spot anemia early on, you can better manage the issues causing it. Healthy kidneys know when your body needs new red blood cells. People with diabetes are more likely to have inflamed blood vessels. If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia.


Question: What will doctors test for if I'm anemic?

Answer: Your doctor may test you for: Iron deficiency Kidney failure Vitamin deficiency Internal bleeding Bone marrow health If you're anemic because your iron levels are low, it may help to eat iron-rich foods and take supplements. Your doctor needs to watch you closely while you're on it If your anemia is severe, you may need a blood transfusion.


Question: How can I help a loved one who is addicted to prescription drugs?

Answer: Doctors can refer you to drug treatment programs for the family member or friend. Many of these programs use outpatient treatment with medications and behavioral therapy. Most importantly, talk to the person about your concerns so he knows that you are aware of the problem. Be prepared for a lot of resistance and denial. Many people with addiction must go through serious consequences before they accept their illness. Then, stand beside the person as he works to move beyond the addiction.


Question: What is a drug addiction?

Answer: Addiction is a chronic brain disease that often happens again. It causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful effects on the addicted person and the people around that person. The abuse of drugs -- even prescription drugs -- leads to changes in how the brain looks and works. For most people, the first decision to take prescription drugs is voluntary. But over time, changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse affect a person's self-control and ability to make sound decisions. While this is going on, the person continues to have intense impulses to take more drugs.