Question: How does heart disease affect your risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: If you've had a stroke, angina (a type of chest pain), or a heart attack, your risk for AMD may be 1 1/2 times as high as someone who has not had any of these problems. High cholesterol levels may also raise your risk.


Question: How can medications affect your risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Some drugs may be linked with chances of AMD. Those include aspirin and certain heart drugs including nitroglycerin and some beta-blockers, although this isn't certain. You should talk about the use of these medications with your doctor.


Question: How does high blood pressure affect your risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Like smoking, high blood pressure restricts the amount of oxygen getting to your eyes, which may raise your risk for AMD.


Question: How can cataract surgery affect your risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Your chances of getting AMD may go up if you've had this eye operation.


Question: What causes dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer: Some things that are linked to AMD are out of your control, like the genes that your parents passed down to you. The condition is linked with bits of fat and protein called drusen. They can collect under your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light. No one knows where the drusen come from, but they are thought to be pieces of waste from the retina. If you're over the age of 50 you probably have some hard drusen in your eyes. These are normal and harmless, especially if they aren't in your macula -- the small area at the center of your retina. Drusen in early AMD are quite small. They get larger as the condition moves from early to intermediate to advanced. In advanced-stage AMD, drusen are larger and more numerous. They keep oxygen from reaching your eye.


Question: At what times of the day does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect the joints?

Answer: For many people with RA, their joints are stiff first thing in the morning, and then ease up after at least an hour of movement. The condition usually affects more than one joint and mirrors both sides of the body.


Question: What joints does rheumatoid arthritis normally affect?

Answer: You may have: Inflammation Swelling Stiffness Pain Although the condition can affect any joint, it's especially likely in your: Knuckles Toes Wrists Elbows Ankles Knees It's less common, but you can get rheumatoid arthritis in your neck, hips, and shoulders.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis affect more than one joint?

Answer: You may have: Inflammation Swelling Stiffness Pain Although the condition can affect any joint, it's especially likely in your: Knuckles Toes Wrists Elbows Ankles Knees It's less common, but you can get rheumatoid arthritis in your neck, hips, and shoulders.


Question: How does rheumatoid arthritis affect the joints?

Answer: You may have: Inflammation Swelling Stiffness Pain Although the condition can affect any joint, it's especially likely in your: Knuckles Toes Wrists Elbows Ankles Knees It's less common, but you can get rheumatoid arthritis in your neck, hips, and shoulders.


Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. But because they take weeks or months to relieve symptoms, they're often taken with an NSAID. Methotrexate is usually the main DMARD doctors prescribe for JRA.


Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.


Question: Should juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment include physical therapy?

Answer: Your child's JRA treatment should include physical therapy. It helps keep their muscles strong so that their joints can move as well as possible. A physiatrist or a physical therapist can create an exercise program for your child. The specialist also may recommend using splints and other devices to help maintain normal bone and joint growth.


Question: How are biologic drugs used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Biologic drugs, which are genetically engineered, may be used in children if other drugs don't work.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may help children with severe JRA. These drugs can help stop serious symptoms such as inflammation of the lining around the heart (pericarditis). Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth. Steroids can hamper a child's normal growth and can cause other side effects, such as a round face, weight gain, weakened bones, and a greater chance of infection.


Question: How are disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) are often used if NSAIDs don't provide enough relief. DMARDs may keep JRA from getting worse. Doctors can give children these medicines for JRA directly into the vein, into joints, or by mouth.


Question: What can happen if bulimia is left untreated?

Answer: The following are common signs of bulimia: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Evidence of purging, including trips to the bathroom after meals, sounds or smells of vomiting, or packages of laxatives or diuretics Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others, or eating very small portions Exercising excessively Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Complaining about being âfatâ Using gum, mouthwash, or mints excessively Constantly dieting Scarred knuckles from repeatedly inducing vomiting If left untreated, bulimia can result in long-term health problems such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding from the esophagus due to excessive reflux of stomach acid, dental problems, and kidney problems. However, bulimia can be treated successfully through cognitive-behavioral therapy, certain anticonvulsant medicines, antidepressants, or combinations of these therapies. It's important to seek help if you think someone you care about has bulimia.


Question: What are common signs of bulimia?

Answer: The following are common signs of bulimia: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Evidence of purging, including trips to the bathroom after meals, sounds or smells of vomiting, or packages of laxatives or diuretics Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others, or eating very small portions Exercising excessively Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Complaining about being âfatâ Using gum, mouthwash, or mints excessively Constantly dieting Scarred knuckles from repeatedly inducing vomiting If left untreated, bulimia can result in long-term health problems such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding from the esophagus due to excessive reflux of stomach acid, dental problems, and kidney problems.


Question: What is bulimia nervosa like?

Answer: People with bulimia nervosa have episodes of eating large amounts of food (called bingeing) followed by purging (vomiting or using laxatives), fasting, or exercising excessively to compensate for the overeating. Unlike anorexia, people with bulimia are often a normal weight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image. They see themselves as âfatâ and desperately want to lose weight. Because they often feel ashamed and disgusted with themselves, people with bulimia become very good at hiding the bulimic behaviors.


Question: What are common signs of binge eating disorder?

Answer: Common signs of binge eating disorder include: Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, or finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers Hoarding food, or hiding large quantities of food in strange places Wearing baggy clothes to hide the body Skipping meals or avoiding eating in front of others Constantly dieting, but rarely losing weight Because binge eating leads to obesity, it can have serious health consequences if left untreated.


Question: How do eating disorders develop?

Answer: Eating disorders tend to develop during the teenage and young adult years, and they are much more common in girls and women. No one knows the precise cause of eating disorders, but they seem to coexist with psychological and medical issues such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trouble coping with emotions, and substance abuse. For some people, a preoccupation with food becomes a way to gain control over one aspect of their lives. Although it may start out as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior can spiral out of control and take over the person's life. Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated.


Question: What can happen if anorexia is left untreated?

Answer: Refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats Avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others Preparing elaborate meals for others but refusing to eat them Exercising excessively Making comments about being âfatâ Stopping menstruating Complaining about constipation or stomach pain Denying that extreme thinness is a problem Because people with anorexia are so good at hiding it, the disease may become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong. If you think someone you care about has anorexia, it's important to have them evaluated by a doctor right away. If left untreated, anorexia can lead to serious complications such as malnutrition and organ failure. However, with treatment, most people with anorexia will gain back the weight they lost, and the physical problems they developed as a result of the anorexia will get better.


Question: What is binge eating disorder like?

Answer: Binge eating disorder . It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. Because they often feel ashamed and disgusted with themselves, people with bulimia become very good at hiding the bulimic behaviors. Because people with binge eating disorder do not purge, fast, or exercise after they binge, they are usually overweight or obese. Unlike other eating disorders, binge eating disorder is almost as common in men as it is in women. According to statistics from the National Institute of Mental Health, the average age at onset for binge eating disorder is 25, and it is more common in people under age 60.


Question: What is anorexia nervosa like?

Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. About one-third to one-half of anorexics also binge and purge by vomiting or misusing laxatives. People with anorexia have a distorted body image, thinking they are overweight when in fact they are underweight. They may count calories obsessively and only allow themselves tiny portions of certain specific foods. When confronted, someone with anorexia will often deny that there's a problem. The signs of anorexia can be subtle at first, because it develops gradually. It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event like a school dance or a beach vacation. But as the disorder takes hold, preoccupation with weight intensifies. It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight the person loses, the more that person worries and obsesses about weight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image.


Question: What are the symptoms and behaviors common in people with anorexia?

Answer: Refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats Avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others Preparing elaborate meals for others but refusing to eat them Exercising excessively Making comments about being âfatâ Stopping menstruating Complaining about constipation or stomach pain Denying that extreme thinness is a problem Because people with anorexia are so good at hiding it, the disease may become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat.


Question: What are the different types of eating disorders?

Answer: This is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and exercise, sometimes to the point of starvation. People with anorexia feel they can never be thin enough and continue to see themselves as âfatâ despite extreme weight loss. Bulimia nervosa. The condition is marked by cycles of extreme overeating, known as bingeing, followed by purging or other behaviors to compensate for the overeating. It is also associated with feelings of loss of control about eating. Binge eating disorder . This is characterized by regular episodes of extreme overeating and feelings of loss of control about eating. It's common for people with eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on.


Question: What can happen if binge eating disorder is left untreated?

Answer: Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. Behavioral weight reduction programs can be helpful both with weight loss and with controlling the urge to binge eat. The stimulant drug Vyvanse is FDA-approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder. Also, because depression often goes hand in hand with binge eating disorder, antidepressants and psychotherapy may also help. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of an eating disorder is the first step toward getting help for it. Eating disorders are treatable, and with the right treatment and support, most people with an eating disorder can learn healthy eating habits and get their lives back on track.


Question: Should I get antibiotics for a cold?

Answer: Antibiotics fight bacteria, but that won't help your cold, which is caused by a virus. But your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if you have some complications. For instance, if your sinuses are blocked and can't drain properly, you can get inflammation and a bacterial infection. The symptoms may be a runny or stuffy nose, pain and pressure in your face, and a headache. Also, you can sometimes get an ear infection after a cold, and you might need antibiotics to treat it. Symptoms include ear pain, fever, or a feeling of fullness in the ears.


Question: What is the difference between a cold and the flu?

Answer: These illnesses are caused by different viruses. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. In general, cold symptoms are much milder than flu symptoms. The symptoms of a cold include things like: Sore throat Stuffy nose Runny nose Cough Mild fever The flu, on the other hand, often causes higher fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue.


Question: What are the best over-the-counter medicines for a cold?

Answer: Over-the-counter medicines can give you relief from aches and fever: Aspirin. People under age 20 should not take it because of the risk of Reye's syndrome. Decongestants. They can help make breathing easier. But don't use sprays for more than 3 days because they can cause swelling in passageways in your nose and make your symptoms worse. Saline nasal sprays. They can also open breathing passages and may be used freely. Cough preparations. They aren't hugely effective. For minor coughs, water and fruit juices probably help the most. The FDA says that over-the-counter cough and cold medicines should not be given to children under age 4. For relief from a sore throat, try gargling with salt water.


Question: Why does washing your hands prevent colds?

Answer: If people cough or sneeze into their hands without a tissue, they can spread the virus to every surface they touch. If you touch that same spot, you'll pick it up. If you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, you've just infected yourself.


Question: When should I stay home if I have a cold?

Answer: You're contagious for the first few days of your cold, so it's best to stay home then. You need to be careful about coughing and sneezing around other people. Also, you will get better quicker if you get some rest.


Question: What are the best fluids to drink when you have a cold?

Answer: Avoid drinks with caffeine like coffee, tea, and colas. They may rob your body of fluids. When it comes to food, follow your appetite. If you're not really hungry, try simple things like white rice or broth. Chicken soup is comforting, plus the steam helps break up nasal congestion. Ginger seems to settle an upset stomach. A hot toddy may help you sleep, but be careful about drinking alcohol if you also take cold remedies.


Question: Why isn't there a cold vaccine?

Answer: These illnesses are caused by different viruses. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You need to be careful about coughing and sneezing around other people. The only way you get sick is when you come into contact with a virus.


Question: How effective is zinc for colds?

Answer: There are mixed reviews on zinc. Some studies show that zinc nasal sprays can help reduce how long your cold lasts and make your symptoms less severe. And because of the risk of a loss of smell, many experts recommend that you avoid zinc nasal sprays completely.


Question: What can you do to prevent colds naturally?

Answer: Zinc sprays may coat the cold virus and prevent it from attaching to cells in your nose, where they enter your body. Dark-green foods like spinach are loaded with vitamins A and C. Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation. Low-fat yogurt may help activate the immune system. Regular exercise also boosts the immune system. People who do it may still catch a virus, but their symptoms aren't as bad, and they may recover more quickly.


Question: When do you need a prescription to buy over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medicines?

Answer: You don't need a prescription to buy OTC medicine. For the medications that you think of as prescription, you do. Sometimes, the same drug comes in both OTC and prescription versions. The difference is often the strength. For example, hydrocortisone can treat skin reactions including itching and redness. If you're bothered by an insect bite, you can get an OTC cream or spray with a concentration of 1% or less. But for a more severe reaction like eczema, your doctor may prescribe 2.5% hydrocortisone cream or ointment.


Question: How can you remember the signs of melanoma?

Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.


Question: What are the warning signs of skin cancer?

Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.


Question: When should you call your doctor about skin cancer?

Answer: Basal cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A pearly or flesh-colored oval bump with a rolled border, which may develop into a bleeding ulcer A smooth red spot indented in the center A reddish, brown, or bluish black patch of skin on the chest or back Squamous cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A firm, reddish, wart-like bump that grows gradually A flat spot that becomes a bleeding sore that won't heal An existing mole changes size, shape, color, or texture; or you develop a very noticeable new mole as an adult A new skin growth or open sore does not heal or disappear in 6 weeks


Question: How may melanoma appear as?

Answer: The general warning signs of skin cancer include: Any change in size, color, shape, or texture of a mole or other skin growth An open or inflamed skin wound that won't heal Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, may appear as: A change in an existing mole A small, dark, multicolored spot with irregular borders -- either elevated or flat -- that may bleed and form a scab A cluster of shiny, firm, dark bumps A mole larger than a pencil eraser An easy way to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, changes in Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, Evolution of a mole's characteristics, be it size, shape, color, elevation, bleeding, itching, or crusting.


Question: How can you check if you have skin cancer?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you are in a high-risk group for skin cancer or have ever been treated for some form of the disease, you should familiarize yourself with how skin cancers look. Examine your skin from head to toe every few months, using a full-length mirror and hand mirror to check your mouth, nose, scalp, palms, soles, backs of ears, genital area, and between the buttocks. Cover every inch of skin and pay special attention to moles and sites of previous skin cancer. If you find a suspicious growth, have it examined by your dermatologist.


Question: How may basal cell carcinoma appear as?

Answer: Basal cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A pearly or flesh-colored oval bump with a rolled border, which may develop into a bleeding ulcer A smooth red spot indented in the center A reddish, brown, or bluish black patch of skin on the chest or back Squamous cell carcinoma may appear on sun-exposed skin as: A firm, reddish, wart-like bump that grows gradually A flat spot that becomes a bleeding sore that won't heal An existing mole changes size, shape, color, or texture; or you develop a very noticeable new mole as an adult A new skin growth or open sore does not heal or disappear in 6 weeks


Question: How should I keep track of my IBS triggers and symptoms?

Answer: In a symptom journal, record when and where you experienced any stomach pain, discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Also include what you were doing, how you were feeling, and what type of food or medications you consumed before and when symptoms appeared. All this information may help you and your doctor determine what triggers your IBS. Then you can take reasonable steps such as dietary modification toprevent problems and take control of your life.


Question: Does knowing about your irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) triggers and symptoms help?

Answer: Keeping track of your symptoms is another helpful tool. In a symptom journal, record when and where you experienced any stomach pain, discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Also include what you were doing, how you were feeling, and what type of food or medications you consumed before and when symptoms appeared. All this information may help you and your doctor determine what triggers your IBS. Then you can take reasonable steps such as dietary modification toprevent problems and take control of your life.


Question: How can I get support to manage with my irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: There are other sources of support if you don't feel comfortable talking with people you know. There are doctors, nurse practitioners, therapists, and dietitians who specialize in IBS and can give you valuable feedback. Ask your doctor if he or she knows of any IBS support groups. The IBS Patient Support Group has meetings online at www.ibspatient.org.


Question: What can make it easier for you to deal with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) at work?

Answer: Let them know that you have a valid chronic illness, and when symptoms flare up, you have no control over it, suggests Roberts. This might mean bringing in educational materials about the disorder. At the same time, tell them that you've got a plan to deal with the syndrome (such as taking medication or going to the bathroom a few times), and that, despite it all, you'll remain a dedicated worker. If you have a problem with your union or boss, it might help to get a note from your doctor, explaining the illness and what might occur with symptoms. You may well find that most people are more supportive if you're honest with them, says Lynn Jacks, founder of an IBS support group in Summit, N. J.


Question: How can you reduce your stress to help with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Meditation and other stress management techniques may also be valuable in dealing with uncomfortable situations. " When you start to get that panic feeling, you can go into that other state of consciousness," says Gerson, noting that regular practice of things like meditation can help you even if you're in the middle of a meeting. "


Question: Where can you get support for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: There are other sources of support if you don't feel comfortable talking with people you know. There are doctors, nurse practitioners, therapists, and dietitians who specialize in IBS and can give you valuable feedback. Ask your doctor if he or she knows of any IBS support groups. The IBS Patient Support Group has meetings online at www.ibspatient.org.


Question: Does talking openly about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) help?

Answer: Remember, you don't have to be alone in dealing with IBS. Seek out support from trusted family and friends. " They could be your best resource," says Jeffrey Roberts, founder of the IBS Patient Support Group.


Question: What are the best ways to handle IBS?

Answer: Coping with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) presents a number of daily challenges. While there is no cure for the disorder, treatments are available. Learn as much as you can about the syndrome. It helps to talk with your doctor. Ask him or her any questions you may have about the disorder, no matter how embarrassing it might be. The more you know about your condition and the type of IBS you have, the better you can deal with it. Also, read books, pamphlets, and reliable sources of information on the Internet. Try the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ( IFFGD) at www.iffgd.org, or call the organization at (414) 964-1799. You can find information about IBS, health care provider directories, and support networks.


Question: Does therapy help with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you still have trouble dealing with your condition, see a therapist, advises Gerson. Psychotherapy is part of an approach called behavioral therapy. Other types of this treatment include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.


Question: How can I ease the stress of having IBS?

Answer: Meditation and other stress management techniques may also be valuable in dealing with uncomfortable situations. " When you start to get that panic feeling, you can go into that other state of consciousness," says Gerson, noting that regular practice of things like meditation can help you even if you're in the middle of a meeting. " If you still have trouble dealing with your condition, see a therapist, advises Gerson. Other types of this treatment include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.


Question: How can I prepare for IBS flareups?

Answer: The more you know about your condition and the type of IBS you have, the better you can deal with it. Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. " For instance, if you're going to a wedding, concert, or movie, sit at the back or end of the row for easy access to the facilities. If you go to a dinner, find out what's on the menu so that you can eat beforehand should the fare be something that would be disagreeable. Accepting embarrassing situations may also help, says Jacks. " She adds: If you don't tell people, they may imagine reasons for your behavior that are stranger than IBS. And remember, it's human to have embarrassments. Situations may not be as bad as you think. You may find other people have not noticed your trips to the bathroom or that they're dealing with their own awkward issues. "


Question: How can you prepare yourself for situations if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. " She says people may feel more comfortable if they do a little research before going to an event. " For instance, if you're going to a wedding, concert, or movie, sit at the back or end of the row for easy access to the facilities. If you go to a dinner, find out what's on the menu so that you can eat beforehand should the fare be something that would be disagreeable. Accepting embarrassing situations may also help, says Jacks. " You have to be honest and say, ' Sorry, but I have an illness.'" She adds: If you don't tell people, they may imagine reasons for your behavior that are stranger than IBS. Situations may not be as bad as you think. You may find other people have not noticed your trips to the bathroom or that they're dealing with their own awkward issues. "


Question: How should I let people know about my IBS?

Answer: Seek out support from trusted family and friends. " Let them know that you have a valid chronic illness, and when symptoms flare up, you have no control over it, suggests Roberts. This might mean bringing in educational materials about the disorder. At the same time, tell them that you've got a plan to deal with the syndrome (such as taking medication or going to the bathroom a few times), and that, despite it all, you'll remain a dedicated worker. If you have a problem with your union or boss, it might help to get a note from your doctor, explaining the illness and what might occur with symptoms. You may well find that most people are more supportive if you're honest with them, says Lynn Jacks, founder of an IBS support group in Summit, N. J.


Question: How can you cope with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: While there is no cure for the disorder, treatments are available. Learn as much as you can about the syndrome. It helps to talk with your doctor. Ask him or her any questions you may have about the disorder, no matter how embarrassing it might be. The more you know about your condition and the type of IBS you have, the better you can deal with it. Also, read books, pamphlets, and reliable sources of information on the Internet. Try the International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ( IFFGD) at www.iffgd.org, or call the organization at (414) 964-1799. You can find information about IBS, health care provider directories, and support networks. Coping with IBS also takes some preparation and courage. "


Question: Which sports put you at risk for a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: Sports that pose a higher risk of these two injuries are: Football Hockey Rock climbing Rugby Soccer Skiing Volleyball Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder are: Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm, making it difficult to move the arm Deformation of the shoulder -- a bump in the front or back of your shoulder, depending on how the bone has been dislocated Symptoms of a separated shoulder are: Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone Swelling Bruising Deformed shoulder To diagnose a separated shoulder or dislocated shoulder, your doctor will give you a thorough exam.


Question: What are the symptoms of a separated shoulder?

Answer: Sports that pose a higher risk of these two injuries are: Football Hockey Rock climbing Rugby Soccer Skiing Volleyball Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder are: Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm, making it difficult to move the arm Deformation of the shoulder -- a bump in the front or back of your shoulder, depending on how the bone has been dislocated Symptoms of a separated shoulder are: Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone Swelling Bruising Deformed shoulder To diagnose a separated shoulder or dislocated shoulder, your doctor will give you a thorough exam.


Question: When is surgery needed for a separated or dislocated shoulder?

Answer: Surgery for severe separated shoulders is sometimes needed to repair the torn ligament. Afterwards, you will probably need to keep your arm in a sling for about six weeks. For a severely dislocated shoulder, surgery is sometimes needed to correctly position the bones. If you keep dislocating your shoulder, surgery to tighten the ligaments surrounding the joint may help.


Question: How is a separated or a dislocated shoulder diagnosed?

Answer: Sports that pose a higher risk of these two injuries are: Football Hockey Rock climbing Rugby Soccer Skiing Volleyball Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder are: Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm, making it difficult to move the arm Deformation of the shoulder -- a bump in the front or back of your shoulder, depending on how the bone has been dislocated Symptoms of a separated shoulder are: Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone Swelling Bruising Deformed shoulder To diagnose a separated shoulder or dislocated shoulder, your doctor will give you a thorough exam. You may need X-rays to rule out broken bones and other conditions.


Question: What's the difference between a dislocated and a separated shoulder?

Answer: In this injury, a fall or blow causes the top of your arm bone to pop out of the shoulder socket. Unlike a lot of joints in your body -- your elbow, for instance -- the shoulder is incredibly mobile. You can twist and move your upper arm in almost any direction. But there's a price for this ease of movement. The shoulder joint is inherently unstable, prone to slipping out of place. In severe cases of dislocated shoulder, the tissue and nerves around the shoulder joint get damaged. If you keep dislocating your shoulder, you could wind up with chronic instability and weakness. Separated shoulder.


Question: What are some tips to prevent a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: Exercise and stretch your shoulder muscles regularly. Ice your shoulder after physical activity if you have had a shoulder separation before. Use protective padding to protect from falls if you are at risk of a shoulder dislocation.


Question: When can you go back to doing physical activity after a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: Don't try to return to your previous level of physical activity until: You can move your injured shoulder as freely as your uninjured shoulder. Your injured shoulder feels as strong as your uninjured shoulder. If you start using your shoulder before it's healed, you could cause permanent damage.


Question: What is rehabilitation like for a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: Your doctor will need to move the arm bone back into the shoulder socket. This will make your shoulder muscles stronger and more limber. It will both help you recover and reduce the chances of future shoulder injuries. You might start with gentle stretching exercises that become more intense as you get better. But don't start exercising without talking to your doctor first. Whatever you do, don't rush things. Ease back into your sport.


Question: What can you do to treat a dislocated or a separated shoulder?

Answer: After the shoulder bone is repositioned, you can use conservative treatment to reduce pain and swelling. Do it for 20-30 minutes every three to four hours, for 2 to 3 days or longer. Use a sling or shoulder immobilizer to prevent further injury until you get medical treatment. Then follow the doctor's advice about whether or not to use a sling. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve), will help with pain and swelling. However, these drugs may have side effects, like an increased risk of bleeding and ulcers or heart attacks and strokes. They should not be used for extended periods of time, unless your doctor specifically says otherwise. Practice stretching and strengthening exercises if your doctor recommends them.


Question: How are dislocated shoulders treated?

Answer: Dislocated shoulder. Your doctor will need to move the arm bone back into the shoulder socket. Since the joint will get more swollen and more painful by the minute, the sooner the better. Once the arm bone is back in the socket, some of the pain will go away. After the shoulder bone is repositioned, you can use conservative treatment to reduce pain and swelling.


Question: How long does it take for a dislocated or a separated shoulder to get better?

Answer: Sports that pose a higher risk of these two injuries are: Football Hockey Rock climbing Rugby Soccer Skiing Volleyball Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder are: Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm, making it difficult to move the arm Deformation of the shoulder -- a bump in the front or back of your shoulder, depending on how the bone has been dislocated Symptoms of a separated shoulder are: Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone Swelling Bruising Deformed shoulder To diagnose a separated shoulder or dislocated shoulder, your doctor will give you a thorough exam. Separated shoulders may heal over a period of 6 weeks. Dislocated shoulders may take longer -- more like 3 to 12 weeks. But these lengths of time are just approximations. Everyone heals at a different rate. Some symptoms, like stiffness, may linger for a time. A separated shoulder can sometimes leave a permanent, but painless, bump on your shoulder.


Question: How long do the effects of teeth whitening last?

Answer: Teeth whitening is not permanent. People who expose their teeth to foods and beverages that cause staining may see the whiteness start to fade in as little as one month. Those who avoid foods and beverages that stain may be able to wait one year or longer before another whitening treatment or touch-up is needed.


Question: Do teeth whiteners damage a tooth's nerve?

Answer: There's no evidence to date that the teeth whitening process has a harmful effect on the health of a tooth's nerve. One study reported that at both a 4.5- and 7-year follow up, no individual who used a teeth whitening system needed a root canal procedure on any teeth that had been whitened.


Question: Do teeth whiteners damage existing dental restorations?

Answer: The issue is not "damage" to existing restorations; rather, keep in mind that existing restorations such as tooth-colored fillings, crowns, bonding, veneers, and bridges do not lighten. This means that any pre-existing dental work may need to be replaced to match the new tooth shade achieved in the natural teeth, should a bleaching process proceed. 5. Do teeth whiteners damage a tooth's nerve?


Question: Who is most likely to get shingles again?

Answer: You're more likely to get it again if: You had severe pain from shingles that lasted more than 30 days. This is called post-herpetic neuralgia ( PHN). You are a woman. You were age 50 or older when you had shingles the first time. Your immune system is weak from conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, or HIV, or you take medicines that suppress your immune system.


Question: When should I see a doctor about shingles?

Answer: Other symptoms to look out for: Pain, itching, or tingling, which may start a few days before the rash appears Headache Fever Chills Upset stomach See your doctor at the first sign of shingles. Getting treated early can help it go away faster and may help you avoid related problems. For instance, shingles on the face can cause hearing or sight problems, including blindness. If you have a weak immune system and can't get the vaccine, early treatment is your best defense against shingles. Sometimes what seems to be shingles is really herpes simplex. Though it usually appears as "cold sores" around the mouth or genitals, this form of herpes can show up elsewhere. A different treatment is used to clear it up. Your doctor can do tests, such as a viral culture, to confirm whether you have shingles and to get you the right treatment.


Question: Does shingles come back in the same place?

Answer: Shingles is likely to return in a different part of your body. In general, the rash is most common on the torso or face.


Question: Does the vaccine help prevent shingles?

Answer: You were age 50 or older when you had shingles the first time. It was approved in 2017 and has been found to be more than 90% effective in preventing shingles and the complications caused by the disease. Even if you've already had shingles, the CDC says the vaccine can help prevent a second round of it. Shingrix is preferred over an earlier vaccine, Zostavax. You should also get it if you previously had the Zostavax vaccine. Talk to your doctor about when to get the vaccine. If you've just gotten over shingles, he CDC recommends waiting at least until the shingles rash has disappeared. You should not get the Shingrix vaccine if you: Are pregnant or nursing You are allergic to the vaccine You tested negative for immunity to chickenpox (varicella zoster)- If so, you should ask about the chicken pox (varicella) vaccine Since the older vaccine, Zostavax, is a live virus, You should not get it if you are allergic to the vaccine, have a weakened immune system, or are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant in the next 4 weeks.


Question: Will my shingles come back?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } That doesn't mean it can't happen, it's just unlikely. Also called herpes zoster, shingles can come back a second or, rarely, a third time. But you can take steps to help prevent it, or ease it the next time around. If you had it once, you know the symptoms.


Question: How often does shingles return?

Answer: Experts don't know exactly how many people get shingles more than once. Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); If your immune system is healthy: In the first several years, your chances of having shingles again are lower than it is for people who have never had shingles. Over time, your chances of a second bout go up. One study found that within 7 years, the odds of getting it again may be almost 5%. That's about the same as the odds of getting shingles the first time. If you had it once, you know the symptoms.


Question: What techniques are used to fight cancer?

Answer: Years ago, the main weapons that doctors used to fight cancer were surgery, chemotherapy (strong medicine that kills healthy cells along with cancer cells), and radiation. Today, there are many new tools, like immunotherapy, which boosts your body's own immune system to help it fight cancer, and targeted therapy, which targets and attacks certain mutated genes or proteins that are in some forms of cancer without harming normal cells.


Question: How can chemotherapy help treat melanoma?

Answer: Chemotherapy isn't the first treatment choice for melanoma. But some patients with stage IV melanoma do get chemo drugs as a type of combination therapy. There are a number of drugs that your doctor can choose from, and it's likely that you'll receive more than one such drug at a time. This mix works well to shrink tumors, but it may also cause more side effects.


Question: When will your doctor stop your combination therapy for cancer?

Answer: Your doctor may choose to stop one if the side effects are too severe. He may also stop a treatment if you don't improve by a certain time. You could be more likely to have a serious heart problem or other severe side effects than if you only took one of the drugs.


Question: How does combination therapy help fight melanoma?

Answer: This means you'll get more than one treatment at the same time to attack the cancer cells. Your doctor will decide what type is best for you based on your health and the type of melanoma you have. You may have more severe side effects than if you only got one treatment at a time. Some of today's newer cancer treatments target certain mutated genes or proteins that cancer needs to thrive or survive.


Question: Can Alzheimer's disease be cured?

Answer: Right now, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. Once a person starts showing signs â memory loss and problems with learning, judgment, communication, and daily life -- there aren't any treatments that can stop or reverse them. But there are medicines that can ease some of the symptoms in some people. They can slow down how quickly the disease gets worse, and help the brain work better for longer. It's important to talk to your doctor about which option may work best for you.


Question: How will my doctor choose a treatment for my Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Your doctor will help you choose the best treatment based on a few things about you, including: Your age, overall health, and medical history How severe your disease is How well a medicine or therapy will work for you and your lifestyle Your preferences or those of your family or caregivers Some drugs curb the breakdown of a chemical in the brain, called acetylcholine, that's important for memory and learning.


Question: Which medications can treat Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: There are three drugs of this type: donepezil ( Aricept), galantamine ( Razadyne), and rivastigmine ( Exelon). Memantine ( Namenda)treats moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. It works by changing the amount of a brain chemical called glutamate, which plays a role in learning and memory. This drug is a mix of Namenda and Aricept. It's best for people with moderate to severe Alzheimer's who already take the two drugs separately.


Question: Medically speaking, what is apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Apple cider vinegar has a long history as a home remedy, used to treat things like sore throat and varicose veins. There isn't much science to support the claims. But in recent years, some researchers have been taking a closer look at apple cider vinegar and its possible benefits.


Question: What is in apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Apple cider vinegar is mostly apple juice, but adding yeast turns the sugar in the juice into alcohol. That's what gives vinegar its sour taste and strong smell.


Question: What are the downsides of drinking apple cider vinegar?

Answer: It can cause problems, like eroding the enamel of your teeth, if you get too much. Because of its high acidity, drinking a lot of apple cider vinegar can damage your teeth, hurt your throat, and upset your stomach. Your muscles and nerves need that nutrient to work the way they should. Another study of people with type 1 diabetes found that apple cider vinegar slows the rate food and liquids move out of your stomach to your intestines. Slower digestion makes it harder to control your blood sugar level. It might cause some medications to not work as well.


Question: Is it safe to drink apple cider vinegar?

Answer: Some people say the âmother,â the cloud of yeast and bacteria you might see in a bottle of apple cider vinegar, is what makes it healthy. You can try it because it's calorie-free, adds lots of flavor to food, and has health benefits. But it isn't a miracle cure.


Question: How can lupus affect your heart and lungs?

Answer: Heart and lung involvement often is caused by inflammation of the covering of the heart (pericardium) and lungs (pleura). When these structures become inflamed, patients may develop chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and accumulation of fluid around the lungs (pleuritis or pleurisy) and heart (pericarditis). The heart valves and the lung itself can also be affected by lupus, resulting in shortness of breath.


Question: How is imuran (azathioprine) used to treat lupus?

Answer: A medication originally used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. It is commonly used to treat the more serious features of lupus.


Question: How is CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil) used to treat lupus?

Answer: A drug that suppresses the immune system and is also used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. It is being used increasingly to treat serious features of lupus, especially those previously treated by Cytoxan.


Question: What can be done to improve quality of life with lupus?

Answer: There is no cure for lupus, but there are steps you can take to improve your sense of well-being and your quality of life, including: Exercise .


Question: How is rituxan (rituximab) used to treat lupus?

Answer: A biologic agent used to treat lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. It is used to treat the most serious features of lupus when other therapies are not effective.


Question: How is plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) used to treat lupus?

Answer: Commonly used to help keep mild lupus-related problems, such as skin and joint disease, under control. This drug is also effective at preventing lupus flares.


Question: How is cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) used to treat lupus?

Answer: A chemotherapy drug that has very powerful effects on reducing the activity of the immune system. It is used to treat severe forms of lupus, such as those affecting the kidneys or brain.


Question: How is lupus treated?

Answer: The type of lupus treatment prescribed will depend on several factors, including the person's age, type of drugs he or she is taking, overall health, medical history, and location and severity of disease. Because lupus is a condition that can change over time and is not always predictable, a critical part of good care includes periodic visits with a knowledgeable, accessible doctor, such as a rheumatologist. Some people with mild features of the disease do not require treatment, while people with serious involvement (such as kidney complications) may require powerful medications. Drugs used to treat lupus include: Steroids .


Question: How can alcohol affect lupus?

Answer: Alcohol can interact with your medications to cause significant stomach or intestinal problems, including ulcers.


Question: How can smoking affect lupus?

Answer: Smoking can impair circulation and worsen symptoms in people with lupus. Tobacco smoke also has negative effects on your heart, lungs, and stomach.


Question: How can lupus affect your skin?

Answer: Skin problems are a common feature of lupus. Some people with lupus have a red rash over their cheeks and the bridge of their nose -- called a "butterfly" or malar rash. Hair loss and mouth sores are also common. One particular type of lupus that generally affects only the skin is called "discoid lupus." With this type of lupus, the skin problems consist of large red, circular rashes that may scar. Skin rashes are usually aggravated by sunlight. A common lupus rash called subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is often worse after exposure to the sun. This type of rash can affect the arms, legs, and torso. An uncommon but serious form of lupus rash results in the development of large blisters and is called a "bullous" lupus rash.


Question: What is an antinuclear antibody test for lupus?

Answer: An antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test is a sensitive screening tool used to detect autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Antinuclear antibodies ( ANAs) are antibodies that are directed against certain structures within a cell's nucleus (thus, antinuclear antibody). ANAs are found in particular patterns in people with autoimmune diseases (those in which a person's immune system works against his or her own body). An ANA test is done on a sample of a person's blood. The test determines the strength of the antibodies by measuring how many times the person's blood must be diluted to get a sample that is free of antibodies.


Question: How can you live with someone who has lupus?

Answer: If someone close to you has lupus, your life will likely be affected, as well. It is important to understand your loved one's illness and what he or she may be expecting from you. The following are some tips for living with someone who has lupus: Learn about lupus and its treatment. Understanding the illness can help you know what to expect, and provide better support and understanding. Don't push. Give your loved one enough space to deal with the illness and regain some control over his or her life. When possible, go with the person to the doctor. This is a good way to offer support and to listen to what the doctor says. Sometimes, a person feels overwhelmed and cannot take in everything the doctor says. Encourage the person to take care of himself or herself and to follow the doctor's treatment plan, but do it gently. Be patient and don't nag. Be open with the person. Talk about your own fears and concerns, and ask the person about his or her fears and needs.


Question: How can lupus affect your blood?

Answer: Blood involvement can occur with or without other symptoms. People with lupus may have dangerous reductions in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets (particles that help clot the blood).


Question: How can lupus affect your kidneys?

Answer: Kidney involvement in people with lupus can be life threatening and may occur in up to half of those with lupus. Kidney problems are more common when someone also has other lupus symptoms, such as fatigue, arthritis, rash, fever, and weight loss. Less often, kidney disease may occur when there are no other symptoms of lupus.


Question: What factors may contribute to the development of lupus?

Answer: This drug weakens the immune system by targeting a protein that may reduce the abnormal B cells thought to contribute to lupus.


Question: Does a positive antinuclear antibody test mean that I have lupus?

Answer: Not necessarily. The antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test is positive in most people who have lupus, but it also may be positive in many people who are healthy or have another autoimmune disease. Therefore, a positive ANA test alone is not adequate for the diagnosis of lupus. There must be at least three additional clinical features from the list of 11 features for the diagnosis to be made.


Question: How is rheumatrex (methotrexate) used to treat lupus?

Answer: Another chemotherapy drug used to suppress the immune system. Its use is becoming increasingly popular for skin disease, arthritis, and other non-life-threatening forms of disease that have not responded to medications such as hydroxychloroquine or low doses of prednisone.


Question: How is benlysta (belimumab) used to treat lupus?

Answer: This drug weakens the immune system by targeting a protein that may reduce the abnormal B cells thought to contribute to lupus. People with active, autoantibody-positive lupus may benefit from Benlysta when given in addition to standard drug therapy.


Question: What is the outlook for people with lupus?

Answer: The outlook for lupus varies, depending on the organs involved and the severity of symptoms. The disease often includes periods of symptoms followed by periods of remission or lack of symptoms. Most people with lupus can expect to have a normal lifespan, especially if they follow their doctor's instructions and their treatment plans.


Question: What are the symptoms of lupus?

Answer: The symptoms of lupus differ from one person to another. Some people have just a few symptoms, while others have many. In addition, there are many different symptoms of lupus because the disease can affect any part of the body. Some of the more common symptoms include: Achy joints (arthralgia) Unexplained fever (more than 100 F) Swollen joints (arthritis) Prolonged or extreme fatigue Skin rash Ankle swelling and fluid accumulation Pain in the chest when breathing deeply (pleurisy) A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose Hair loss Sensitivity to the sun and/or other light Seizures Mouth or nose sores Pale or purple fingers or toes from cold or stress ( Raynaud's phenomenon) Many people with active lupus feel ill in general and complain of fever, weight loss, and fatigue.


Question: What causes lupus?

Answer: However, there appears to be something that triggers the immune system to attack various areas of the body. That's why suppressing the immune system is one of the main forms of treatment. Finding the cause is the object of major research efforts.


Question: How can lupus affect your joints?

Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. There may be pain, with or without swelling. Stiffness and pain may be particularly evident in the morning. Arthritis may be a problem for only a few days or weeks, or may be a permanent feature of the disease. Fortunately, the arthritis usually is not crippling.


Question: Who gets lupus?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } According to the Lupus Foundation of America, approximately 1.5 million people in the U. S. have lupus. People of African, Asian, and Native American descent are more likely to develop lupus than are Caucasians. Although it can occur in both men and women, 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. Women of childbearing age (14 to 45 years old) are most often affected and as many as 1 in 250 people may develop lupus.


Question: What problems can people with lupus have?

Answer: Some of the more common symptoms include: Achy joints (arthralgia) Unexplained fever (more than 100 F) Swollen joints (arthritis) Prolonged or extreme fatigue Skin rash Ankle swelling and fluid accumulation Pain in the chest when breathing deeply (pleurisy) A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose Hair loss Sensitivity to the sun and/or other light Seizures Mouth or nose sores Pale or purple fingers or toes from cold or stress ( Raynaud's phenomenon) Many people with active lupus feel ill in general and complain of fever, weight loss, and fatigue. People with lupus also develop specific problems when the immune system attacks a particular organ or area in the body. The following areas of the body can be affected by lupus: Skin .


Question: What is the role of female hormones in lupus?

Answer: Although it can occur in both men and women, 90% of people diagnosed with the disease are women. This is especially true of women during their reproductive years, a time when hormone levels are highest.


Question: How can the sun affect lupus?

Answer: People with lupus also develop specific problems when the immune system attacks a particular organ or area in the body. All lupus patients should protect themselves from the sun; limit time in the sun, especially between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., wearing sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen when you are out in the sun.


Question: How is lupus diagnosed?

Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood. Lupus is diagnosed when a person has several features of the disease (including symptoms, findings on examination, and blood test abnormalities). The American College of Rheumatology has devised criteria to assist doctors in making the correct diagnosis of lupus. A person should have at least four of the following 11 criteria, either at the same time or one after the other, to be classified as having lupus. These criteria include: Malar rash, a "butterfly" rash that appears on the cheeks. Discoid rash, red, scaly patches on the skin that cause scarring. Photosensitivity , a skin reaction or sensitivity to sunlight. Oral ulcers (open mouth sores). Kidney disorder, either excess protein in the urine (proteinuria) or red blood cells in the urine. Neurological disorder, seizures, or psychosis. Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleuritis) or of the lining around the heart (pericarditis) Blood disorder , either low red blood cell count (anemia), low white blood cell count (leukopenia), decrease in lymphocytes (lymphopenia), or decrease in blood platelets (thrombocytopenia). Immunologic disorder, including the presence of certain cells or autoantibodies, or a false-positive test result for syphilis. Abnormal blood work, a positive antinuclear antibody ( ANA) test result from blood work.


Question: How does drug-induced lupus occur?

Answer: These symptoms generally improve after the drug is discontinued. Its use is becoming increasingly popular for skin disease, arthritis, and other non-life-threatening forms of disease that have not responded to medications such as hydroxychloroquine or low doses of prednisone.


Question: How can lupus lead to blood clots?

Answer: Arthritis is very common in people with lupus. Blood clots are more common in people with lupus. Blood can be tested for these antibodies. Heart and Lungs.


Question: Can you get lupus from your family members?

Answer: These antibodies are abnormal proteins that may increase the tendency of the blood to clot. The observation that lupus may affect more than one member of the same family has raised the possibility that the tendency to develop lupus may be inherited. People with lupus may develop rashes or disease flares when exposed to the sun.


Question: How are steroids used to treat lupus?

Answer: Drugs used to treat lupus include: Steroids . The use of creams is usually safe and effective, especially for mild rashes. The use of steroid creams or tablets in low doses can be effective for mild or moderate features of lupus. Unfortunately, high doses also are most likely to produce side effects.


Question: What is lupus?

Answer: Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection. In lupus, however, the immune system inappropriately attacks tissues in various parts of the body. This abnormal activity leads to tissue damage and illness. A drug that suppresses the immune system and is also used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.


Question: How can lupus affect your brain and spinal cord?

Answer: Kidney involvement in people with lupus can be life threatening and may occur in up to half of those with lupus. Brain and Spinal Cord.


Question: What is anti-reflux baby formula?

Answer: As a result, acids back up into the esophagus -- the tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Babies with reflux may: Spit up Act cranky Have trouble eating Anti-reflux formulas are made especially for babies with reflux. They contain rice starch to thicken them and make them easier for babies to keep down.


Question: What are symptoms for babies who are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein in relation to specialty formula?

Answer: Soy formulas contain soy protein along with: Carbohydrates Amino acids Vitamins Minerals They're an option for babies who: Are lactose-intolerant -- meaning their bodies can't break down a sugar called lactose in cow's milk Have galactosemia -- a disorder that keeps them from breaking down a sugar called galactose in milk Are allergic to cow's milk (however, about half of babies who are allergic to cow's milk are also allergic to soy) There is no evidence that soy-based formulas can help with issues like colic or a stomach bug. A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.


Question: What is a preterm baby formula?

Answer: Special preterm formulas have the extra protein, calories, calcium, and other nutrients these babies need.


Question: What are predigested infant formulas?

Answer: A small number of babies are allergic to cow's milk or soy protein. If they drink cow's milk, they will have symptoms such as: Blood in the stool Diarrhea Irritability Skin rash Vomiting Wheezing These babies need special predigested formulas -- also called hydrolyzed or hypoallergenic formulas. The milk proteins in these formulas have already been broken down so baby doesn't have an allergic reaction to them.


Question: Why do you need a specialty infant formula?

Answer: Most infant formulas are made from modified cow's milk. Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients are added to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies the healthiest possible start in life. But there are some babies who just can't tolerate some of the ingredients in cow's milk. Or, they may have a medical condition that requires different nutrition than a regular formula can offer. If your baby can't eat regular formula, there are other options created for babies with special nutritional needs.


Question: What should you do if your at-home test finds colon cancer?

Answer: You should get a colonoscopy test if you have any of these risk factors: A family history of colon cancer A previous diagnosis Related diseases of the colon and rectum During a colonoscopy, your doctor will use a flexible tube and small camera to look at the lining of your colon.


Question: What does Cologuard for screening colon cancer do?

Answer: It determines if there's blood in your stool -- a common sign of colon cancer or of precancerous polyps (abnormal growths of tissue). The lab workers will also look for DNA cell changes linked to cancer. Colon cancer is preventable if pre-cancerous polyps are found and removed.


Question: What are the drawbacks of using Cologuard for screening colon cancer?

Answer: How Does Cologuard Compare to Other At- Home Colon Cancer Tests? Or it can say you don't have a potential problem when you really do, and the test just missed it. A colonoscopy can miss polyps, but the odds are very low. That's why many doctors still consider this test the gold standard.


Question: How does Cologuard for screening colon cancer work?

Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. You collect a stool sample and mail it to a lab in a prepaid, pre-addressed box. The lab will then send results to your doctor within 2 weeks.


Question: How can you screen for colon cancer at home?

Answer: Cologuard is a do-it-yourself kit that allows you to collect your stool sample in the privacy of your home. The FDA approved it in 2014. It's also more accurate than others.


Question: What causes normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus can occur after a head injury, bleeding around the brain (due to a blow to the head), stroke, meningitis (infection of a protective layer of tissue around the brain), or brain tumor. It can happen after surgery on the brain. How these conditions lead to NPH is not clear. In most cases, the cause of NPH is never known.


Question: What lab tests can help diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Lab Tests There is no lab test that confirms the diagnosis of NPH. Any lab tests that are done are probably being done to rule out conditions that might cause similar symptoms.


Question: Why is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) hard to diagnose?

Answer: The dementia symptoms of NPH can be similar to those of Alzheimer's disease. The walking problems are similar to those of Parkinson's disease. Experts say that many cases of NPH are misdiagnosed as one of these diseases. The good news is that, unlike Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, NPH can be reversed in many people with appropriate treatment. But first it must be correctly diagnosed.


Question: How well does a shunt operation work for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: The earlier the NPH is diagnosed, the better the chances that the surgery will help. In general, people with milder symptoms have better outcomes with this surgery.


Question: Do shunt operations work for everyone with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Shunt operations do not work for everyone with NPH. Many people who undergo a shunt operation have substantial symptom relief. In some, the symptoms improve and then start to worsen again. Others benefit little, if at all. Even the experts are not able to predict perfectly who will benefit and who will not.


Question: Can you prevent normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent NPH. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular exercise, may help avoid conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke that might contribute to NPH. Wearing a seatbelt and safety helmet when indicated can help avoid head injury, another cause of NPH.


Question: What is hydrocephalus?

Answer: The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). The purposes of the fluid are to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, to supply them with nutrients, and to remove some of their waste products. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Some people are born with the condition, while others develop it during their lives. NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time.


Question: What is the treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. However, many people with the condition obtain substantial relief through surgical treatment. For those who are not candidates for surgery, treatment consists of measures to relieve mood and behavioral problems, cope with physical problems such as incontinence and walking difficulties, and maximize physical, mental, and social functioning.


Question: What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: NPH is different than other types of hydrocephalus in that it develops slowly over time. At first, the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus are usually very subtle. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.


Question: What is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is too much CSF in the ventricles. Normal pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that usually occurs in older adults. The slow enlargement of the ventricles means that the fluid pressure in the brain may not be as high as in other types of hydrocephalus. The parts of the brain most often affected in NPH are those that control the legs, the bladder, and the "cognitive" mental processes such as memory, reasoning, problem solving, and speaking. Symptoms of dementia include: Memory loss Speech problems Apathy (indifference) and withdrawal Changes in behavior or mood Difficulties with reasoning, paying attention, or judgment Walking problems Unsteadiness Leg weakness Sudden falls Shuffling steps Difficulty taking the first step, as if feet were stuck to the floor " Getting stuck" or "freezing" while walking Urinary symptoms Inability to hold urine Inability to hold stool, or feces (less common) Frequent urination Urgency to urinate The following symptoms can be related to increased pressure in the brain: Headache Nausea Difficulty focusing eyes Some people think that memory loss, difficulty finding words, walking problems, or urination problems are normal parts of aging.


Question: How is a shunt used for normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer: A shunt is a thin tube that is implanted in the brain by a neurosurgeon. The tube is routed under the skin from the head to another part of the body, usually the peritoneum (the lower belly). The shunt is equipped with a valve that opens to release fluid when the pressure builds up. The fluid drains harmlessly and is later absorbed by the bloodstream. A shunt operation is not a cure.


Question: How is normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosed?

Answer: The medical professional will ask you questions about your symptoms and when they started, your medical and mental problems now and in the past, your family's medical problems, medications you have taken now and in the past, your work and travel experiences, and your habits and lifestyle. The exam will probably include tests of your mental status, such as answering questions and following simple directions. Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain.


Question: What is the follow-up care for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Your neurologist or neurosurgeon should discuss with you and your family what to expect as time goes on. These visits allow the doctor to monitor your symptoms. Changes in symptoms may require adjustments in care.


Question: What imaging tests are used to diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Answer: Imaging Tests CT scan of the head: This scan is similar to an X-ray but gives a more detailed, 3-dimensional picture of the brain. MRI of the head : This scan uses radio signals and a strong magnet to create a detailed picture of the brain.


Question: How can obesity affect your health?

Answer: Obesity can help explain some conditions you may have, such as: High blood pressure Heart disease and stroke Type 2 diabetes High cholesterol Joint problems caused by extra weight Trouble breathing, including sleep apnea, in which you briefly stop breathing while you're asleep Gallstones The good news is that you can take steps to lose weight.


Question: How does methotrexate treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: It's the first drug most doctors prescribe after you're diagnosed. It will help ease symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, redness, and swelling. It may also help prevent damage to your organs and joints. Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time. Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug.


Question: What are some other drugs prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Or you may also take other drugs like aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose steroids, or other DMARDs. You'll probably take folic acid supplements along with methotrexate. This vitamin can help you lower your chance of certain side effects. Talk to your doctor before you take any drug or supplement. Not all drugs mix well.


Question: Is methotrexate used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Methotrexate is one of the most effective medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis ( RA). It's the first drug most doctors prescribe after you're diagnosed. It will help ease symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, redness, and swelling. It may also help prevent damage to your organs and joints.


Question: How does methotrexate treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time.


Question: How much methotrexate can I take per week to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You will take 7.5 to 10 milligrams each week. Your doctor may raise that to 20-25 milligrams per week if needed. The pills will come with directions about how many to take and when. If you're not sure about those instructions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist.


Question: How does taking methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis affect the liver?

Answer: This drug can harm your liver. You'll visit the doctor regularly to check on how methotrexate affects your body. Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug. After that, you may get a liver test every 3 months.


Question: What are some other concerns with taking methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Methotrexate can also: Cause lung problems. Tell your doctor if you cough frequently or have shortness of breath. Make lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) more likely. Make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and don't use sunlamps or tanning beds. Cause birth defects. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate. Men should continue to use protection for 3 months after the last dose. Women should stay on birth control for at least 1 menstrual cycle after the last dose and not breastfeed while taking methotrexate.


Question: How does methotrexate work to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Methotrexate interrupts the process that causes RA inflammation, which damages your joints and organs over time. Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug. ( DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug).


Question: How is methotrexate taken in shot form?

Answer: Shots work better for some people, especially if you forget to take your pills on schedule or if the pills cause nausea. Methotrexate liquid comes in vials with a hypodermic needle or in prefilled pens with various doses. You inject the drug under the skin on your stomach or thigh. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home. If you use a prefilled pen, you'll stick the pen into your stomach or thigh and press on it to inject the drug. Try to give yourself your shot in a different spot each time. This will help you avoid skin reactions. It can take 3 to 6 weeks to start to feel your methotrexate work. It takes even longer -- 12 weeks -- to get the full effects. Your doctor will test your blood often to check on how well your treatment works and to make sure it's safe for organs such as your liver.


Question: Will my doctor test my blood when I'm using methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug.


Question: How does methotrexate affect my liver?

Answer: This drug can harm your liver. You'll visit the doctor regularly to check on how methotrexate affects your body. Your doctor might test your liver as often as once a month for the first 6 months you take the drug. After that, you may get a liver test every 3 months.


Question: How long does it take to feel the effects of methotrexate on rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It can take 3 to 6 weeks to start to feel your methotrexate work. It takes even longer -- 12 weeks -- to get the full effects.


Question: Are there specific concerns with taking methotrexate if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Methotrexate can also: Cause lung problems. Tell your doctor if you cough frequently or have shortness of breath. Make lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) more likely. Make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and don't use sunlamps or tanning beds. Cause birth defects. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate. Men should continue to use protection for 3 months after the last dose. Women should stay on birth control for at least 1 menstrual cycle after the last dose and not breastfeed while taking methotrexate.


Question: Are there other drugs besides methotrexate that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your doctor may call it a â DMARD,â which is a type of RA drug. ( DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug). You'll probably take folic acid supplements along with methotrexate. This vitamin can help you lower your chance of certain side effects. Talk to your doctor before you take any drug or supplement. Not all drugs mix well.


Question: What are some steps to stay well while taking methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: So take these steps to stay well: Try to avoid people with infections like colds or flu. Wash your hands regularly. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough. Don't take live vaccines like the nasal flu mist, measles, mumps, or shingles shots while you take methotrexate. If you or your partner could get pregnant, you should use birth control while on methotrexate.


Question: What are the side effects of methotrexate?

Answer: He can adjust your dose so you feel better. Minor side effects should lessen over time. Tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or a cough.


Question: How is methotrexate taken in pill form?

Answer: You will take 7.5 to 10 milligrams each week. Your doctor may raise that to 20-25 milligrams per week if needed. The pills will come with directions about how many to take and when. If you're not sure about those instructions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist. Shots work better for some people, especially if you forget to take your pills on schedule or if the pills cause nausea. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home.


Question: How do people take methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You can take methotrexate in either pills or shots. Methotrexate liquid comes in vials with a hypodermic needle or in prefilled pens with various doses. You inject the drug under the skin on your stomach or thigh. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home. If you use a prefilled pen, you'll stick the pen into your stomach or thigh and press on it to inject the drug. Try to give yourself your shot in a different spot each time. This will help you avoid skin reactions.


Question: How can cutting back on dietary salt/sodium help treat prehypertension?

Answer: A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.


Question: Who is at risk for prehypertension?

Answer: Nearly half of all adults older than age 18 have prehypertension or hypertension, as measured by average of two or more readings at two or more doctor's visits. According to the American Heart Association, 59 million people in the U. S. have prehypertension. People with prehypertension may have a greater risk for other cardiovascular disease ( CVD) risk factors. These risk factors -- such as high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes -- are seen more in people with prehypertension than in those with normal blood pressure.


Question: Is prehypertension a result of aging?

Answer: You may wonder if high blood pressure happens with aging, but experts say no. Some populations across the globe have minimal rise in blood pressure with aging. In some parts of Mexico, the South Pacific, and other parts of the world, people have very low salt intake. In these areas, the age-related rise in blood pressure is small compared with the U. S. Prehypertension is a warning sign.


Question: How can eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy treat prehypertension?

Answer: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and low-fat dairy . This[ TM1] diet is low in sodium and high in potassium, magnesium, calcium, protein, and fiber. A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.


Question: How can losing weight if you're overweight treat prehypertension?

Answer: Being overweight increases the risk of high blood pressure. Studies show high blood pressure can be lowered and prevented with the DASH diet.


Question: How can eating a plant-based or vegetarian diet help treat prehypertension?

Answer: A low-sodium diet can lower high blood pressure -- or prevent it. Increase servings of fruits and vegetables by adding one serving at a time. You can add a serving of fruit at lunchtime. Then add a serving of vegetables at dinner. Talk to your doctor about your blood pressure. Ask if diet and exercise can help lower your risk of getting high blood pressure.


Question: How closely should I monitor my blood pressure?

Answer: Exercise regularly. Know your blood pressure number. Let your doctor know if your blood pressure number is higher. You can monitor your blood pressure between doctor's visits with a home blood pressure monitor. Or, you can use an electronic blood pressure monitor at your local pharmacy, grocery store, or fire station.


Question: Can strength training lower my triglycerides?

Answer: Choose any of these: Basketball Bicycling Elliptical Jogging at a steady pace Jumping rope Kickboxing Racquetball Soccer Spinning Step aerobics Stair climbing (traditionally or on a machine) Swimming Tennis Walking briskly Zumba While working with weights hasn't been shown to lower triglycerides, it can still boost the results of aerobic exercise. Stronger muscles burn more calories all day, not just after a workout. And burning calories results in weight loss, which lowers triglycerides. If you've never lifted weights, learn proper form from a professional so you don't hurt yourself.


Question: Can exercise really help lower triglycerides?

Answer: Do that 5 days a week, and your overall numbers may drop while your good cholesterol will rise. Squeeze in 10 minutes of exercise, and build up to several times a day.


Question: When should you see a doctor about the symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer: Many of the symptoms of breast cancer can also be symptoms of something else. Only your doctor can tell for sure. If you have any of these, make an appointment with your doctor. A lump in the breast or armpit Thickening of breast skin or tissue that lasts through your period A change in the size, shape, or contour of the breast Clear or bloody fluid coming from the nipple A change in how the skin on your breast or nipple looks or feels. It may look dimpled, puckered, scaly, or inflamed. Redness of your breast or nipple An area on your breast that clearly looks different from any other A hard, marble-like area under the skin Your doctor will do tests to find out the cause.


Question: What are corticosteroids for the treatment of uveitis?

Answer: You may know these as steroids. They're probably the first treatment you'll try. They block a chemical that causes inflammation. They can be given in a few different forms.


Question: What are some immunosuppressants that treat uveitis?

Answer: They include: Azathioprine Cyclosporine Methotrexate Mycophenolate You may need to have blood tests regularly while you take these. This would be to watch for serious side effects, like liver damage.


Question: What are the long term problems of oral steroids that treat uveitis?

Answer: They can include: Weight gain Acne Anxiety Mood changes Sleeplessness In the long term, they can cause more serious problems like: Osteoporosis Cataracts Glaucoma Diabetes Because of all this, you'll take the lowest dose you need, and only for as long as you have to.


Question: What are the side effects of oral steroids that treat uveitis?

Answer: If you take steroid pills for a short time, you may have side effects. They can include: Weight gain Acne Anxiety Mood changes Sleeplessness In the long term, they can cause more serious problems like: Osteoporosis Cataracts Glaucoma Diabetes Because of all this, you'll take the lowest dose you need, and only for as long as you have to.


Question: What biologics can treat uveitis?

Answer: Biologics your doctor may prescribe include: Abatacept ( Orencia) Adalimumab ( Humira) Daclizumab ( Zinbryta) Infliximab ( Remicade) Rituximab ( Rituxan) These drugs can make it harder for you to fight off infections. They also may raise your chance of having certain types of cancer.


Question: How do shots treat uveitis?

Answer: You may need these if your uveitis is in the middle or back of your eye, or if your eye drops don't work. The good news is that you may only need one shot. The bad news is that you'll get it in your eye, usually on the side. Your eye doctor can give you drops to numb the area so you don't feel the shot.


Question: How do pills treat uveitis?

Answer: If your uveitis doesn't respond to drops or shots, oral steroids are an option. They can also work if you have disease in the back of your eye. They're much stronger than other forms of steroids. Take your steroid pills for as long as your doctor says. Your dose will get smaller toward the end of your treatment. If the pills don't work, you'll probably try something else.


Question: What can treatment for uveitis do?

Answer: Your treatment plan should include things to control your inflammation. Treatment can also: Ease eye pain Prevent the damage to your eyes from getting worse Help get back eyesight you've lost What your doctor will prescribe depends on what kind of uveitis you have, where it is in your eye, and if you have it in both eyes. If your first course doesn't work well, your doctor can switch you to something else.


Question: What can treat the symptoms of uveitis?

Answer: They won't treat the cause of your uveitis: Drugs for mild pain, like ibuprofen A warm towel over your eye to ease aches Sunglasses in bright or harsh light to cut glare


Question: How does a vitrectomy treat uveitis?

Answer: Your eye surgeon can take out part of the gel inside your eye, known as your vitreous humor. Air, gas, or liquid is pumped in to replace what your surgeon takes out, but your eye will eventually fill up the space with its own fluid. You can have this under either local or general anesthesia.


Question: What are biologic drugs that treat uveitis?

Answer: You may need these if your uveitis is in the middle or back of your eye, or if your eye drops don't work. In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation.


Question: When can uveitis occur?

Answer: In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation. Biologic drugs target certain parts of your immune system to stop inflammation. Your eye surgeon can take out part of the gel inside your eye, known as your vitreous humor.


Question: Why is it important to treat uveitis right away?

Answer: Take your steroid pills for as long as your doctor says. It's used on uveitis in the back of the eye that's harder to treat.


Question: What is TORCH syndrome?

Answer: TORCH syndrome may sound like a single illness, but actually it stands for a group of infectious diseases that can cause problems -- some serious -- for your unborn baby: Toxoplasmosis Other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth disease) Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex If you get one of the TORCH infections while you're pregnant, and it spreads through your blood to your baby, he can get it, too.


Question: Can herpes simplex spread to a baby?

Answer: This is rare. You could have a genital outbreak during delivery. This is the most common way babies are infected. He can also get herpes while he is a newborn.


Question: Can HIV spread to a baby before birth?

Answer: Almost all U. S. children under age 13 who have HIV got it from their mothers during pregnancy. If you are HIV-positive, tests might not show that your baby has it at birth, but it can show up later, even after he is 6 months old. He might have symptoms like delayed growth, pneumonia, or swollen lymph nodes and abdomen. If you have HIV and are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, anti-retroviral medications can help lower your chances of passing the virus on to your baby.


Question: What is toxoplasmosis and can it pass to a baby before birth?

Answer: If you're pregnant, you can pass it to your unborn child. This is rare. The greatest risk to your baby is if you get your first outbreak of herpes while you're pregnant.


Question: Does rubella affect a baby before birth?

Answer: If you're pregnant and get rubella in your first trimester, it's likely that you'll pass it on to your baby. It can be very serious -- you could have a miscarriage, or your baby could have severe birth defects. The first 3 months of your pregnancy is when rubella can cause the most problems in your baby's development. That's why it's important to tell your doctor right away if you think you might have gotten it. If you're thinking of becoming pregnant and you haven't already had the MMR vaccine, you should get it at least 28 days before you conceive.


Question: Can syphilis affect a baby before birth?

Answer: Pregnant women in the first or second stage of this sexually transmitted disease ( STD) pass it to their babies 75% of the time if it's not treated. Syphilis is caused by bacteria and can create serious problems during a baby's development. Babies born with syphilis can have misshaped bones, anemia, meningitis, skin rashes, and nerve problems that can cause blindness and deafness. If you're pregnant, you should be tested for syphilis. If you test positive, your doctor can treat it with antibiotics.


Question: What tests are used to check for conditions that can cause muscular dystrophy?

Answer: The doctor may use different tests to check for conditions that can cause muscle weakness. Blood tests.


Question: What are clinical trials for muscular dystrophy?

Answer: Scientists also are looking for new ways to treat muscular dystrophy in clinical trials. These trials test new drugs to see if they are safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for your child.


Question: What are the symptoms of muscular dystrophy?

Answer: For most types of muscular dystrophy, symptoms start to show up in childhood or in the teen years. In general, children with the condition: Fall down often Have weak muscles Have muscle cramps Have trouble getting up, climbing stairs, running, or jumping Walk on their toes or waddle Some will also have symptoms like: A curved spine (called scoliosis) Droopy eyelids Heart problems Trouble breathing or swallowing Vision problems Weakness in the muscles of the face Your doctor will need to check different parts of your child's body to know if he has muscular dystrophy.


Question: When should you seek emergency help for thunderclap headaches?

Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain.


Question: What activities could trigger a thunderclap headache?

Answer: Narrowed blood vessels surrounding the brain Inflamed blood vessels Extremely high blood pressure in late pregnancy Some activities such as the following could trigger a thunderclap headache: Hard physical labor Taking certain drugs, including illegal ones Hitting warm or hot water too fast, such as when you first enter a shower or bath Your doctor will probably ask you questions, like: Have you had other headaches like this?


Question: When should I seek emergency help for a thunderclap headache?

Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain.


Question: What are thunderclap headaches like?

Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain. Describe the headaches and their symptoms How severe were your headaches?


Question: What is the treatment for a thunderclap headache?

Answer: Arteries are vessels that supply blood to your brain. Your doctor will also use tests like: CT scan of the head. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). Thunderclap headache treatment depends on what's causing the pain.


Question: What are the signs of early puberty?

Answer: It's the timing that's different. Signs include: In girls Breast development (which is often the first sign) Menstruation (typically not until two to three years after the earlier symptoms start) In boys Growth of the testicles, penis, and scrotum A deepening voice (usually late signs of puberty) Growth spurts are another sign of early puberty in both boys and girls.