Question: What causes crooked teeth?

Answer: There are several reasons why some people's teeth grow in crooked, overlapping, or twisted. Some people's mouths are too small for their teeth, which crowds the teeth and causes them to shift. In other cases, a person's upper and lower jaws aren't the same size or are malformed, resulting in either an overbite, when there is excessive protrusion of the upper jaw, or an under bite, when the lower jaw protrudes forward causing the lower jaw and teeth to extend out beyond the upper teeth.


Question: What causes misaligned bites or crooked teeth?

Answer: Most often crooked teeth, overbites, and underbites are inherited traits just as the color of your eyes or size of your hands. Other causes of misaligned bites are early loss of baby or adult teeth; improper fit of dental restorations (for example, fillings or crowns); gingivitis (gum disease); undue pressure on the teeth and gums; misalignment of the jaw after an injury; tumors of the mouth or jaw; or common oral health problems in children such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, pacifier use beyond the age of three, or prolonged use of a bottle.


Question: Where are asbestos normally found?

Answer: It sometimes lurks in older homes in places like steam pipes or tiles. It's not a hazard unless the material gets damaged and releases fibers. Hire a trained professional if you need to repair or remove it.


Question: How can I check how much radon is in my home?

Answer: You can check how much of it is in your home with a detection kit, or you can hire a professional to do it. If the levels are too high, it's a good idea to work with a contractor who has experience with this issue. He may seal cracks in your floors and walls and use other techniques to help lower the amount of the gas in your home.


Question: How can diet cause lung cancer?

Answer: What you put on your plate could affect the health of your lungs. A new study looked at how the glycemic index, which measures how quickly a carbohydrate raises your blood sugar, may be linked with lung cancer risk.


Question: How can I check if a gene mutation will cause me to get lung cancer?

Answer: There aren't any tests to check if you have any of these genetic problems. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: Can asbestos cause lung cancer?

Answer: When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. The more you're in contact with asbestos, the higher your risk.


Question: What is radon and where does it come from?

Answer: It's a gas that naturally forms from soil and rock. You can't see, smell, or taste it. Low levels of the stuff are a natural part of the air outdoors, but it's more likely to be a problem inside homes and buildings. It can creep in from the ground through cracks in the floors or walls.


Question: What is asbestos?

Answer: It's a group of minerals that was used in a lot of building supplies and products until researchers found it was harmful.


Question: How can genetic changes result in lung cancer?

Answer: Sometimes changes to the DNA of your lung cells, known as "mutations," can lead to cancer. There are several ways this can happen. For example, you may be born with problems in chromosome number 6 that make you more likely to get lung cancer. Or you may naturally have less of an ability to clear away chemicals from your body that can cause the disease. Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer.


Question: How can air pollution cause lung cancer?

Answer: In the U. S. dust, smoke, and chemicals in the air cause about 1%-2% of lung cancers. Researchers suspect that polluted air can cause changes in your DNA that may set the stage for a higher risk of the disease. The more air pollution you breathe in, the greater your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: What foods may cause lung cancer?

Answer: Researchers in one study found that people who ate a diet with the highest glycemic index had a higher risk of getting the disease. Foods that may be troublesome are white bread, sugary cereal, white rice, pretzels, and popcorn. Healthier choices are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, sweet potatoes, lentils, and most fruits.


Question: How can someone check to see how much radon is in their home?

Answer: You can check how much of it is in your home with a detection kit, or you can hire a professional to do it. If the levels are too high, it's a good idea to work with a contractor who has experience with this issue. He may seal cracks in your floors and walls and use other techniques to help lower the amount of the gas in your home.


Question: How does diet play a role in getting lung cancer?

Answer: What you put on your plate could affect the health of your lungs. A new study looked at how the glycemic index, which measures how quickly a carbohydrate raises your blood sugar, may be linked with lung cancer risk. Researchers in one study found that people who ate a diet with the highest glycemic index had a higher risk of getting the disease. Foods that may be troublesome are white bread, sugary cereal, white rice, pretzels, and popcorn. Healthier choices are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, sweet potatoes, lentils, and most fruits.


Question: What is radon?

Answer: It's a gas that naturally forms from soil and rock. You can't see, smell, or taste it. Low levels of the stuff are a natural part of the air outdoors, but it's more likely to be a problem inside homes and buildings. It can creep in from the ground through cracks in the floors or walls.


Question: What is another possibility of getting lung cancer?

Answer: Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer. There aren't any tests to check if you have any of these genetic problems. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: How does air pollution cause lung cancer?

Answer: In the U. S. dust, smoke, and chemicals in the air cause about 1%-2% of lung cancers. Researchers suspect that polluted air can cause changes in your DNA that may set the stage for a higher risk of the disease. The more air pollution you breathe in, the greater your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: How can someone get lung cancer with asbestos?

Answer: When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. The more you're in contact with asbestos, the higher your risk. It sometimes lurks in older homes in places like steam pipes or tiles. It's not a hazard unless the material gets damaged and releases fibers. Hire a trained professional if you need to repair or remove it.


Question: Why do certain foods cause lung cancer?

Answer: Experts aren't exactly sure why a high-glycemic diet may be connected with lung cancer. One possible reason is that it raises your blood sugar, which increases levels of proteins called insulin-like growth factors. Earlier studies suggest they may play a role in the development of the disease.


Question: How can genes play a role in getting lung cancer?

Answer: Sometimes changes to the DNA of your lung cells, known as "mutations," can lead to cancer. Or you may naturally have less of an ability to clear away chemicals from your body that can cause the disease.


Question: What are some things that can bring on lung cancer for non-smokers?

Answer: There are two types: the stuff a smoker breathes out and the cloud that drifts from a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. Both are bad for you. So even if you wouldn't dream of lighting up a cigarette, you still take in harmful chemicals when you're around someone who does. There are at least 70 kinds in secondhand smoke that can lead to cancer. There are no safe amounts, so try to avoid secondhand smoke as much as you can. Take a pledge to make your home and car tobacco-free zones. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: Who can get lung cancer besides smokers?

Answer: But there's more to it than that. The truth is you can get the disease even if you've never put a cigarette to your lips. There are lots of reasons why this can happen, but if you can help cut down your risk. So even if you wouldn't dream of lighting up a cigarette, you still take in harmful chemicals when you're around someone who does.


Question: How can someone get lung cancer with radon?

Answer: The gas is the second most common cause of the disease besides smoking. When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer.


Question: What can increase your risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Overall, only about 4.2% of men in the U. S. develop colorectal cancer, but several factors increase your risk: Age: Your risk of colorectal cancer goes up as you age. It is much more common to get it after age 50, but studies are showing a colon cancer rise in younger adults. Family History: If people in your immediate family or near relations had colorectal cancer at a young age, you should be screened earlier. Previous Colorectal Cancer: If you've had cancer removed already, you're at higher risk to develop a new one. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: If you have had a condition such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis for several years, your risk of colorectal cancer goes up.


Question: Can my lifestyle raise the risk of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Overall, only about 4.2% of men in the U. S. develop colorectal cancer, but several factors increase your risk: Age: Your risk of colorectal cancer goes up as you age. They include: Drinking more than two alcoholic drinks per day Obesity Smoking Type 2 Diabetes A high-fat diet, with fat coming mostly from meat What Is Colorectal Cancer?


Question: Is the bird flu going to be the next flu pandemic?

Answer: While experts say it's inevitable that sooner or later we'll see another flu pandemic, it's by no means certain that the current bird flu virus will be the cause. Even if a new human flu emerges, public health officials might be able to contain it. H5 N1 is susceptible to the newer flu drugs. And a vaccine already has been created and stockpiled by the World Health Organization.


Question: How could the bird flu become airborne or more of a risk to humans?

Answer: If a person -- or a susceptible animal -- gets infected with bird flu and human flu at the same time, the bird and human flu viruses could swap genes. Even without swapping genes, H5 N1 could mutate into a form that more easily infects humans. The lab-created H5 N1 mutants remain in high-security labs. But the mutations needed to make H5 N1 an airborne, human virus already exist in H5 N1 viruses seen in nature. So far, the full set of mutations has not appeared in the same virus.


Question: What is the bird flu?

Answer: Currently, a particularly deadly strain of bird flu -- H5 N1 -- continues to spread among poultry in Egypt and in certain parts of Asia. People catch bird flu by close contact with birds or bird droppings.


Question: How is a visual urinalysis done?

Answer: One is a visual exam, which checks the color and clarity. If your pee has blood in it, it might be red or dark brown. Foam can be a sign of kidney disease, while cloudy urine may mean you have an infection.


Question: When do you get a urinalysis?

Answer: Urinalysis is one way to find certain illnesses in their earlier stages. They include: Kidney disease Liver disease Diabetes Your doctor may also want to test your pee if you're getting ready to have surgery or are about to be admitted to the hospital. Urinalysis can be part of a pregnancy checkup, too.


Question: What is a urinalysis?

Answer: Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and UA. You may have a urinalysis as part of a routine check of your overall health, for instance as part of an annual physical. There are three ways to analyze urine, and your test might use all of them.


Question: What does a dipstick urinalysis check for?

Answer: Some of the things that shouldn't be in your urine that a microscope can find include: Red blood cells White blood cells Bacteria Crystals (clumps of minerals â a possible sign of kidney stones) The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals. It's dipped into your urine, and the chemicals on the stick react and change color if levels are above normal. Things the dipstick test can check for include: Acidity, or p H. If the acid is abnormal, you could have kidney stones, a urinary tract infection ( UTI) or another condition. Protein. This can be a sign your kidneys are not working right. Kidneys filter waste products out of your blood. Glucose. A high sugar content is a marker for diabetes. White blood cells. These are a sign of infection or inflammation, either in the kidneys or anywhere else along urinary tract. If this waste product, which is normally eliminated by your liver, shows up, it may mean your liver isn't working properly. Blood in your urine. Sometimes this is a sign of infections or certain illnesses.


Question: What does a microscopic urinalysis check for?

Answer: One is a visual exam, which checks the color and clarity. Some of the things that shouldn't be in your urine that a microscope can find include: Red blood cells White blood cells Bacteria Crystals (clumps of minerals â a possible sign of kidney stones) The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypertension?

Answer: Hypertension symptoms? Often there aren't any. High blood pressure is often called the "silent" disease, because it may have no noticeable symptoms.


Question: What is tarextumab for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: These âcheckpointsâ prevent them from killing cancer cells.


Question: When do you get immunotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: But SCLC is an aggressive disease that grows quickly. It often becomes resistant to the chemotherapy drugs. Most of the time, the cancer returns. That's when it's time to try immunotherapy. Because scientists are still studying the drugs, doctors are careful about when to prescribe them. They can cause serious side effects, like inflammation of the organs. Your doctor will weigh the pros and cons. Most people get immunotherapy after two or more rounds of chemotherapy.


Question: Can doctors prescribe immunotherapies for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: What Is Immunotherapy? There are a few FDA-approved immunotherapy drugs for SCLC. Because scientists are still studying the drugs, doctors are careful about when to prescribe them. How Do You Get the Treatment?


Question: What is pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: You might take this immune checkpoint inhibitor along with chemotherapy. Your doctor will decide how long you'll get this medication.


Question: What is nivolumab (Opdivo) for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: Scientists have developed drugs to help your immune system target and destroy cancerous cells. You might take this immune checkpoint inhibitor along with chemotherapy.


Question: How can your doctor find out what treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is best for you?

Answer: Immune checkpoint inhibitors target these proteins and allow immune cells to attack the cancer. Which Drugs Treat SCLC? You go to your doctor's office, a clinic, or the outpatient unit of a hospital.


Question: What drugs help your immune system to treat small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Answer: They include: Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Some immune cells have proteins that act as off switches. These âcheckpointsâ prevent them from killing cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors target these proteins and allow immune cells to attack the cancer. Cancer vaccines: These substances kick-start an immune system response. They can prevent or treat certain cancers. Scientists are beginning to study vaccines for SCLC. Most of the time, the cancer returns.


Question: How do you know if you have pustular psoriasis?

Answer: You'll see white bumps filled with pus near or inside red skin blotches.


Question: What is Von Zumbusch pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Generalized or Von Zumbusch: Red, painful, tender skin blotches show up over a wide area of your body, and pus-filled blisters pop up soon after.


Question: What is annular (ring-shaped) pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Note the clearly defined, raised bumps on the skin that are filled with pus (pustules). This type of psoriasis may come and go. But in this case, they attack your own skin by mistake. Sometimes, one treatment doesn't do the trick. You may need to combine one or more to feel better.


Question: What is acropustulosis relative to pustular psoriasis?

Answer: It's most likely to affect: The palms of your hands The soles of your feet Your fingers and toes Even though you see pus on your bumps, it's not an infection. The pain can make it hard to use your fingers or toes. In rare cases, it can cause nail or even bone damage.


Question: How does pustular psoriasis develop?

Answer: You'll see white bumps filled with pus near or inside red skin blotches. Pustular psoriasis. This is a rare, serious disease -- see your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.


Question: What is acropusutlosis?

Answer: It's most likely to affect: The palms of your hands The soles of your feet Your fingers and toes Even though you see pus on your bumps, it's not an infection. The pain can make it hard to use your fingers or toes.


Question: What are the symptoms of Von Zumbusch pustular psoriasis?

Answer: People who smoke are more likely to get this form. You also might be very tired or have fever, chills, dehydration, nausea, weak muscles, headache, joint pain, a fast pulse, or weight loss. This is a rare, serious disease -- see your doctor right away if you have these symptoms. The goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms and control outbreaks. Widespread outbreak: If you have generalized or Von Zumbusch psoriasis, get medical care right away.


Question: What is annular pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Note the clearly defined, raised bumps on the skin that are filled with pus (pustules). Sometimes, one treatment doesn't do the trick. You may need to combine one or more to feel better.


Question: What can pustular psoriasis cause?

Answer: Pustular psoriasis is a skin disease. Pustular psoriasis. Palmoplantar pustulosis ( PPP): Blisters form on small areas of your body, usually your palms or the soles of your feet.


Question: Who is at risk for stress fractures?

Answer: Stress fractures are much more likely to develop in people who have just started a new exercise or abruptly stepped up the intensity of their work out. When the muscles aren't conditioned, they tire easily and can't support and cushion the bones as well. Increased pressure is exerted directly on the bones, which can lead to a fracture.


Question: What should I eat if I have diarrhea and constipation due to cancer treatment?

Answer: Diarrhea and constipation: For diarrhea, it's really important to stay hydrated. Drink lots of liquids, and cut back on high-fiber foods like whole grains and vegetables. If you're constipated, slowly add more high-fiber foods to your diet. Plenty of liquids is key for this problem, too.


Question: When should I start focusing on changing my diet if I am being treated for cancer?

Answer: Start focusing on healthy foods even before you begin your treatment. You don't know how it will affect you or what kind of side effects you might have. That's why it's a good idea to get good nutrition now. It can help you feel better and your body stay strong.


Question: What is the best time of day to eat during cancer treatment?

Answer: Eat when you're hungry. If that's in the morning, make breakfast your biggest meal. Drink meal replacements later if your appetite fades as the day goes on. If meals are a struggle, eat five or six small ones instead of two or three big ones during the day. Have small, healthy snacks on hand, too. Yogurt, cereal, cheese and crackers, and soup are all good choices. If you're having chemotherapy, a snack or small meal right before a session might keep nausea away.


Question: Are any "cancer diets" effective?

Answer: Plenty of people tout "special" diets that they say will help treat cancer or keep it from coming back. Maybe you've heard that you should go vegan, vegetarian, or start a raw diet. Before you make any major changes, talk to your doctor. There's no diet that can cure cancer. There's also no good research that shows that any eating plan, like a vegetarian diet, for example, can lower the chance of cancer coming back. Your best bet is to stick with a balanced diet with lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Limit your sugar, caffeine, salt, and alcohol.


Question: Are there special diets for cancer?

Answer: Plenty of people tout "special" diets that they say will help treat cancer or keep it from coming back. Maybe you've heard that you should go vegan, vegetarian, or start a raw diet. Before you make any major changes, talk to your doctor. There's no diet that can cure cancer. There's also no good research that shows that any eating plan, like a vegetarian diet, for example, can lower the chance of cancer coming back. Your best bet is to stick with a balanced diet with lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Limit your sugar, caffeine, salt, and alcohol.


Question: What should you eat before your treatment for cancer?

Answer: Start focusing on healthy foods even before you begin your treatment. You don't know how it will affect you or what kind of side effects you might have. That's why it's a good idea to get good nutrition now. It can help you feel better and your body stay strong. It's also a good time to plan for the days when you won't feel like making anything to eat. Fill your fridge and pantry with healthy foods, especially those that need very little (or no) cooking. Nuts, applesauce, yogurt, pre-chopped veggies, and microwaveable brown rice or other whole grains are easy options. Make batches of some of your favorite entrees and freeze them, too. You may also want to line up some friends and family who can bring you meals for the first days or weeks of your therapy.


Question: What should you eat to manage mouth or throat problems from cancer treatment?

Answer: Mouth or throat problems: For sores, pain, or trouble swallowing, stick with soft foods. Avoid anything rough or scratchy, and spicy or acidic foods. Eat meals lukewarm (not hot or cold). And use a straw for soups or drinks.


Question: What should you eat to manage nausea or vomiting from cancer treatment?

Answer: Nausea/vomiting: Avoid high-fat, greasy, or spicy foods, or those with strong smells. Eat dry foods like crackers or toast every few hours. Sip clear liquids like broths, sports drinks, and water.


Question: What should you eat during your treatment for cancer?

Answer: You may have days when you feel hungry, and others when food is the last thing you want. On good days, eat lots of protein and healthy calories. That will keep your body strong and help repair damage from your treatment. High-protein foods include: Lean meat, chicken, and fish Eggs Beans, nuts, and seeds Cheese, milk, and yogurt Try to eat at least 2 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables a day. Include dark green and deep yellow veggies, and citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits. Colorful foods like these have many healthy nutrients. Just be sure to wash them thoroughly. Drink plenty of liquids all day. Water is a great choice. Try fresh-squeezed juice, too. It gives you some extra vitamins along with the liquid your body needs to stay hydrated. It's also key that you don't eat raw or undercooked meat, fish, and poultry. Don't eat foods and beverages that are unpasteurized. Eat when you're hungry. If that's in the morning, make breakfast your biggest meal. Drink meal replacements later if your appetite fades as the day goes on. If meals are a struggle, eat five or six small ones instead of two or three big ones during the day. Have small, healthy snacks on hand, too. Yogurt, cereal, cheese and crackers, and soup are all good choices. If you're having chemotherapy, a snack or small meal right before a session might keep nausea away.


Question: What foods should I focus on eating during cancer treatment?

Answer: You may have days when you feel hungry, and others when food is the last thing you want. On good days, eat lots of protein and healthy calories. That will keep your body strong and help repair damage from your treatment. High-protein foods include: Lean meat, chicken, and fish Eggs Beans, nuts, and seeds Cheese, milk, and yogurt Try to eat at least 2 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables a day. Drink plenty of liquids all day.


Question: What should you eat when you have cancer?

Answer: And sometimes, you just won't feel like eating. You don't need a drastic diet makeover. Just a few simple tricks to make good-for-you foods easy and appetizing. It can help you feel better and your body stay strong. You may have days when you feel hungry, and others when food is the last thing you want. Many side effects of cancer treatments can make it hard to get enough to eat.


Question: What does long-term, open-ended treatment for drug addiction mean?

Answer: Counseling is a mainstay of drug abuse treatment for many people.


Question: What therapies are available for opioid addiction?

Answer: No one method is known to be better than another. Likewise, no one approach works for everyone with opiate addiction. The right treatment plan will be tailored to your addiction and individual needs.


Question: How does cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) work?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that fire up drug cravings. A therapist teaches you how to avoid these triggers. You'll learn to replace negative thoughts and feelings with healthy ones that will help you stay clean. The skills you'll learn can last a lifetime, so this is a powerful treatment method. But not all therapists are trained in cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.


Question: What is the difference between individual therapy and group therapy for opioid addiction?

Answer: While any counseling therapy for drug abuse treatment is better than none, group therapy is generally preferred over individual therapy. In group therapy, you're more likely to be both challenged and supported by peers who are also going through drug rehab. Individual therapy can help when you have depression, bipolar disorder, or another significant mental health condition that requires treatment in its own right, separate from your addiction.


Question: Why is counseling important in opioid addiction treatment?

Answer: Even after detox, when your body is no longer hooked, you're at high risk for relapse. Certain psychological and social factors can be powerful triggers that lead to relapse: Stress, especially sudden life stresses Cues in the environment, like visiting a neighborhood Social networks, like spending time with friends who continue to use drugs These things can create a strong ongoing urge to use again. Counseling helps you escape cravings and learn to manage what life throws at you without drugs. Opioid addiction is a chronic illness.


Question: How can contingency management therapy help with treating drug addiction?

Answer: While any counseling therapy for drug abuse treatment is better than none, group therapy is generally preferred over individual therapy. Individual therapy can help when you have depression, bipolar disorder, or another significant mental health condition that requires treatment in its own right, separate from your addiction. This method gives you positive incentives to stay clean. Vouchers for goods and services, or privileges in a more rigid treatment setting, are common.


Question: How is otosclerosis diagnosed?

Answer: If you notice you have trouble hearing, see an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor, or ENT). He'll look closely at your ear, test your hearing, and ask about your family health history. In some cases, he may recommend a computerized tomography ( CT) scan. A series of X-rays are taken at different angles and put together to make a more detailed image.


Question: At what age does otosclerosis start?

Answer: You can develop otosclerosis between the ages of 10 and 45, but you're most likely to get it during your 20s. Symptoms usually are at their worst in your 30s.


Question: What are the symptoms of otosclerosis?

Answer: The main symptom of otosclerosis is hearing loss. At first, you may notice that you can't hear low-pitched sounds or people whispering. This usually gets worse over time. Most people with otosclerosis have hearing loss in both ears. About 10% to 15% have hearing loss in just one ear. Other symptoms include: Dizziness or balance problems Tinnitus, or ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ears Sometimes tinnitus can be a problem after you have ear surgery to treat otosclerosis.


Question: What is otosclerosis?

Answer: Otosclerosis is a rare condition that causes hearing loss. It happens when a small bone in your middle ear -- usually the one called the stapes -- gets stuck in place. Most of the time, this happens when bone tissue in your middle ear grows around the stapes in a way it shouldn't. Your stapes bone has to vibrate for you to hear well. When it can't do that, sound can't travel from your middle ear to your inner ear. That makes it hard for you to hear.


Question: How many people are affected by otosclerosis in the U.S.?

Answer: Experts aren't sure why, but if you're a woman and develop otosclerosis during pregnancy, you're likely to lose your hearing faster than if you were a man or you weren't pregnant.


Question: Does otosclerosis run in families?

Answer: It often runs in families. About half of all people with otosclerosis have a gene that's linked to the condition. But even if you have the gene, you won't necessarily get it.


Question: Can other medical problems increase your risk for otosclerosis?

Answer: Certain medical problems can raise your chances of otosclerosis. For example, if you had measles at any time, your risk may go up. Stress fractures to the bony tissue around your inner ear also might make it more likely to happen. And immune disorders, in which your immune system mistakenly attacks parts of your body, also can be linked to the condition.


Question: Is otosclerosis more common in men or women?

Answer: Both men and women get otosclerosis. Women, though, have a higher risk. Experts aren't sure why, but if you're a woman and develop otosclerosis during pregnancy, you're likely to lose your hearing faster than if you were a man or you weren't pregnant.


Question: What race has the highest risk for otosclerosis?

Answer: Caucasians are most likely to get it. About 10% develop otosclerosis. It's less common in other groups and rare for African- Americans.


Question: Can I get surgery for otosclerosis for both ears at the same time?

Answer: Most people with otosclerosis have hearing loss in both ears. After the first one, you'll need to wait at least 6 months for it to be done on your other ear.


Question: What happens to children with conduct disorder?

Answer: These include antisocial and other personality disorders, mood or anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. Children with conduct disorder are also at risk for school-related problems, such as failing or dropping out, substance abuse, legal problems, injuries to self or others due to violent behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, and suicide. Treatment outcomes can vary greatly, but early intervention may help to reduce the risk for incarcerations, mood disorders, and the development of other comorbidities such as substance abuse.


Question: What causes conduct disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of conduct disorder is not known, but it is believed that a combination of biological, genetic, environmental, psychological, and social factors play a role.


Question: Can a troubled family or social life cause conduct disorder?

Answer: Environmental: Factors such as a dysfunctional family life, childhood abuse, traumatic experiences, a family history of substance abuse, and inconsistent discipline by parents may contribute to the development of conduct disorder. Psychological: Some experts believe that conduct disorders can reflect problems with moral awareness (notably, lack of guilt and remorse) and deficits in cognitive processing. Social: Low socioeconomic status and not being accepted by their peers appear to be risk factors for the development of conduct disorder.


Question: Is conduct disorder inherited?

Answer: Genetics: Many children and teens with conduct disorder have close family members with mental illnesses, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and personality disorders. This suggests that a vulnerability to conduct disorder may be at least partially inherited.


Question: What are symptoms of conduct disorder?

Answer: Symptoms of conduct disorder vary depending on the age of the child and whether the disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. In general, symptoms of conduct disorder fall into four general categories: Aggressive behavior: These are behaviors that threaten or cause physical harm and may include fighting, bullying, being cruel to others or animals, using weapons, and forcing another into sexual activity. Violation of rules: This involves going against accepted rules of society or engaging in behavior that is not appropriate for the person's age. Some may abuse drugs and alcohol. Children with conduct disorder often are unable to appreciate how their behavior can hurt others and generally have little guilt or remorse about hurting others.


Question: What is conduct disorder?

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Question: Is it common to get a headache if you have a stroke?

Answer: Headaches commonly accompany stroke. In a study of 163 patients who'd had a stroke, 60% reported a headache with the stroke, especially women and those with a history of headaches. Up to 46% reported having an incapacitating headache; most said the headache was mild to moderately painful. The headaches are equally likely to come on quickly or slowly.


Question: What are late-life migraine accompaniments?

Answer: Late-life migraine accompaniments are defined as passing neurological symptoms that can affect vision, speech, movement, and behavior. They are similar or identical to migraine "aura," the symptoms the precede a migraine. However, headache is associated with only 50% of cases and may be mild.


Question: What is the preventive treatment for late-life migraine accompaniments in older people?

Answer: If the episodes are frequent, preventive treatment can be considered with medications such as divalproex sodium ( Depakote, Depakene), topiramate ( Qudexy XR, Topamax, Trokendi XR),metoprolol ( Lopresor, Toprol XL), or propranolol ( Inderal LA, Inno Pran XL). Your doctor will talk to you about best options for treating acute symptoms.


Question: How is trigeminal neuralgia related to geriatric headaches and migraines?

Answer: Headaches are the most common symptom of temporal (giant cell) arteritis, or TA, a disease that causes your arteries -- blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body -- to swell and narrow. In a small number of cases, the pain is caused by a tumor pressing on the trigeminal nerve.


Question: What is postherpetic neuralgia?

Answer: TA is more common in people older than age 50. When there is pressure on the trigeminal nerve, which controls facial feeling, it can cause excruciating pain in the lower part of the face, around the nose, and above the eye. Shingles that involves the face nearly doubles the risk of developing facial posterherpetic neuralgia.


Question: How common are headaches and migraines in older people?

Answer: Migraines tend to disappear with age, too. At age 70, only 10% of women and 5% of men experience them. The condition is more common in people older than age 50 and is seen more in women than men.


Question: Should I heat baby formula?

Answer: There's no need to heat the formula for your baby. Drinking it at room temperature is fine.


Question: Is it OK to bottle-feed your baby?

Answer: Infant formulas have gotten better and better at matching the ingredients and their proportions to that of human milk. While breastfed babies may have relatively fewer infections, the vast majority of infants won't get a serious infection in the first months whether breast- or bottle fed. A happy, unstressed mother is the best mother. If you feel that bottle feeding best fits your needs, then it's the best for meeting your baby's needs as well.


Question: Can I use leftover baby formula?

Answer: Once a baby has sipped from formula, it should be discarded. You can, though, save unused formula that baby hasn't sipped from for the next feeding.


Question: Why is breastfeeding best for your baby?

Answer: Breast milk is the perfect food for baby, with numerous advantages over baby formula, especially in the first four months or so. It may protect against allergies and asthma in the future.


Question: What's the best baby formula?

Answer: With all these advantages of breast milk, should you feel guilty if you choose not to breastfeed? Most formulas are pretty much the same. More expensive does not necessarily mean better. Just be sure to check that it's iron fortified when you buy a formula. There is a lot of evidence that iron deficiency in the first years adversely affects brain development. And side effects from iron (gas, constipation, discomfort) while much discussed, are actually very rare. Pick whichever type of formula -- powder, concentrate, or ready-to-feed -- best suits your needs. There is no nutritional difference between them.


Question: What can I drink on a low-residue diet?

Answer: These desserts and snacks are OK to eat in moderation: Plain cakes and cookies Gelatin, plain puddings, custard, and sherbet Ice cream and ice pops Hard candy Pretzels (not whole-grain varieties) Vanilla wafers Drinks Safe beverages include: Decaffeinated coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages (caffeine can upset your stomach) Milk Juices made without seeds or pulp, like apple, no-pulp orange, and cranberry Strained vegetable juices On this plan, you'll stay away from: Coconut, seeds, and nuts, including those found in bread, cereal, desserts, and candy Whole-grain products, including breads, cereals, crackers, pasta, rice, and kasha Raw or dried fruits, like prunes, berries, raisins, figs, and pineapple Most raw vegetables Certain cooked vegetables, including peas, broccoli, winter squash, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, corn (and cornbread), onions, cauliflower, potatoes with skin, and baked beans Beans, lentils, and tofu Tough meats with gristle, and smoked or cured deli meats Cheese with seeds, nuts, or fruit Crunchy peanut butter, jam, marmalade, and preserves Pickles, olives, relish, sauerkraut, and horseradish Popcorn Fruit juices with pulp or seeds, prune juice, and pear nectar As long as you follow the general guidelines for the diet, you can mix and match as much as you'd like.


Question: Should I keep a food diary while I'm on a low-residue diet?

Answer: You may be OK with some of the things listed under "foods to avoid," while other items on the "foods to enjoy" list may bother you. So keep a food diary for a few weeks. Track what you eat and how it makes you feel, so you know what works for you.


Question: Does breastfeeding reduce risk of ear infections?

Answer: Because formula-fed babies are more likely to get ear infections, it is better to breast feed your infant for the first six to 12 months of life, if possible, to prevent ear infections.


Question: How can I prevent ear infections because of a cold in my child?

Answer: Remove as many environmental pollutants from your home as you can, including: Dust Cleaning fluid and solvents Tobacco smoke Also, reduce yours or your child's exposure to people with colds, and control allergies. Taking steps to prevent colds and flu as well as other illnesses can prevent some, but not all, ear infections. Here are some important steps to take: Be sure everyone in your household, including your children receive the proper vaccines when they are supposed to be given. That includes both flu and pneumococcal vaccines. Make hand washing a habit that becomes part of the family's normal routine. If possible, avoid group care for children, especially during cold and flu season.


Question: What pollutants can cause ear infections in a baby?

Answer: Remove as many environmental pollutants from your home as you can, including: Dust Cleaning fluid and solvents Tobacco smoke Also, reduce yours or your child's exposure to people with colds, and control allergies.


Question: What are side effects of Ritalin and Adderall?

Answer: The two drugs can cause some of the same side effects, like: Fast heartbeat Headaches Irritability Anxiety Loss of appetite Raised blood pressure Stomach upset Skin rash Trouble sleeping Weight loss Restlessness Tremors Tics Diarrhea Constipation Mood swings Hives Insomnia Nervousness Dizziness Belly pain or nausea They also come with warnings about the chance of heart problems, mental health problems, seizures, blurred vision, and circulation problems in your fingers and toes.


Question: How much do Ritalin and Adderall cost?

Answer: In general, the longer-acting forms of both Ritalin and Adderall are more expensive than the shorter-acting forms. And the generic versions can cost much less than brand names.


Question: What are the concerns about using beta-blockers for chronic migraine?

Answer: These include: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Propranolol ( Inderal, Inderal LA, Inderal XL, Inno Pran) Timolol As many as 4 out of 5 of people who take beta-blockers get relief from their migraines. Still, like all drugs, they can cause side effects. These include feeling depressed and having problems during sex. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras. These medicines were thought to increase stroke risk with this type of migraine, though the proof is very scant.


Question: How can botulinum toxin (Botox) help prevent chronic migraine?

Answer: Long used to fill wrinkles, this nerve toxin has been found to stave off chronic migraines. It prevents a pain network in your brain from turning on. But it's only approved for people who have headaches at least 15 days each month. The more frequent your migraines, the better Botox seems to help. You may need several treatments before it starts to work.


Question: Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help prevent menstrual migraine?

Answer: When you have four or more migraines every month, your doctor may suggest you take a "preventive" medicine, instead of waiting to treat painful symptoms after they start. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras.


Question: What are preventive medicines for migraine?

Answer: These drugs lower the chances that you'll have migraines in the first place. And when you do get one, it'll likely be briefer and less severe. Migraine affects everyone differently. Because of that, you may need to try more than one thing to find the treatment that's right for you. Your doctor will probably consider when and how often you get migraines and what other health problems you have. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras.


Question: What is a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: If a doctor sees anything inside your colon or rectum that looks questionable, he'll take a biopsy to find out if it's cancerous. A biopsy is a routine type of test used to diagnose cancer and also to see whether an existing cancer has spread to the surrounding tissue.


Question: How soon can you get the biopsy results for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you have: Fever or chills Heavy bleeding (greater than a teaspoon at a time) Severe pain Vomiting It may take a few days to get the results of your biopsy. If you do have cancer, the doctor will determine how aggressive it is and whether it started in your colon or spread there from somewhere else. You may need additional testing before you and your doctor can determine the best treatment plan.


Question: When should you contact your doctor after a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Contact your doctor right away if you have: Fever or chills Heavy bleeding (greater than a teaspoon at a time) Severe pain Vomiting It may take a few days to get the results of your biopsy.


Question: What happens after a biopsy for colorectal cancer?

Answer: You may take medication to make you sleepy and relaxed before the procedure. You can expect to feel some discomfort and have some light bleeding for a day or two. Serious complications are rare, but it is possible to get an infection or injury to your colon or rectum.


Question: What should you do if you have a positive result on a screening test for that is not colonoscopy?

Answer: If you have a positive result on a screening test that is not a colonoscopy, further evaluation should be performed on a timely basis with a colonoscopy test to take a look at your entire colon. You may need additional testing before you and your doctor can determine the best treatment plan.


Question: What is primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. Your doctor may also call it PBC. It used to be called primary biliary cirrhosis. These ducts have an important job. They carry a fluid called bile, which plays a key role in digestion, away from your liver. Bile is what helps your body absorb fats, cholesterol, and even some vitamins. It also helps get rid of worn-out red blood cells and other things your body doesn't need.


Question: What are symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. Later, you might feel tired or have itchy skin or dry eyes and mouth. As the disease gets worse, you might notice: Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice) Swollen feet and ankles Pain and swelling in your abdomen Bone, muscle, or joint pain Darkened skin If you have any of these symptoms, your doctor might suggest blood tests.


Question: How is primary biliary cholangitis diagnosed?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. They'll tell her how well your liver works and if you have any immune system issues. She may also want you to have imaging tests like an ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or endoscopy ( ERCP). These provide a more detailed look at your liver and the area around it. She'll remove a small piece of liver tissue and examine it in the lab to look for damage or disease.


Question: How does primary biliary cholangitis develop?

Answer: Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. The bile backs up, and your liver gets inflamed and maybe even scarred. Over time, the scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, and the organ doesn't work the way it should. This is usually a slow and gradual process. Your liver does OK for a while. And you'll take medications to help it work better and manage your symptoms. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. One day, you may need a liver transplant.


Question: How can women prevent migraines when theyâre on their period?

Answer: Women who often get migraine headaches around their periods can take preventive medicines when they know it's that time of the month.


Question: Is migraine hereditary?

Answer: Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families. Four out of 5 people with the condition have other family members who have them. If one parent has a history of these type of headaches, their child has a 50% chance of getting them, and if both parents have them, the risk jumps to 75%.


Question: What triggers a migraine?

Answer: Some common migraine triggers include: Stress. When you're stressed, your brain releases chemicals that can cause the blood vessel changes that can lead to a migraine. Foods. Some foods and drinks, such as aged cheese, alcohol, and food additives like nitrates (in pepperoni, hot dogs, lunchmeats) and monosodium glutamate ( MSG) may be responsible for up to 30% of migraines. Caffeine. Getting too much or withdrawing from it can cause headaches when the level in your body abruptly drops. Blood vessels seem to get used to caffeine, and when you don't have any, you may get a headache. Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks. Changes in weather. Storm fronts, changes in barometric pressure, strong winds, or changes in altitude can all trigger a migraine. Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families.


Question: How does caffeine trigger a migraine?

Answer: Getting too much or withdrawing from it can cause headaches when the level in your body abruptly drops. Blood vessels seem to get used to caffeine, and when you don't have any, you may get a headache. Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks.


Question: How do migraines happen?

Answer: A migraine is a powerful headache that often happens with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Migraines can last from 4 hours to 3 days, and sometimes longer. The American Migraine Foundation estimates that more than 36 million Americans get them, women 3 times more often than men.


Question: When is nausea medicine used to treat migraines?

Answer: Your doctor can prescribe it if you get nausea with your migraine.


Question: What is a status migrainosus?

Answer: This rare and severe type of migraine can last more than 72 hours. The pain and nausea are so intense that you may need to go to the hospital. Sometimes medicines, or medication withdrawal, can cause them.


Question: How does a migraine start?

Answer: A migraine starts when overactive nerve cells send out signals that activate the trigeminal nerve, the nerve that supplies sensation to your head and face. Activation of the nerve causes release of certain chemicals like serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP). CGRP causes blood vessels in the lining of the brain to swell.


Question: How does magnetic stimulation treat migraines?

Answer: You place this device on the back of your head at the start of a migraine with aura. It sends a pulse of magnetic energy to part of your brain, which may stop or reduce pain.


Question: What are the symptoms of visual auras?

Answer: Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour. Visual auras include: Bright flashing dots or lights Blind spots Blurry vision Temporary vision loss Wavy or jagged lines Other auras can affect your other senses.


Question: Are there different types of migraine?

Answer: The terms for two types of migraine headaches refer to the symptoms that signal when one is about to start, called an aura. Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour.


Question: How does biofeedback treat migraine headaches?

Answer: This technique helps you recognize stressful situations that could trigger a migraine. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: What are the symptoms of migraine without aura?

Answer: Migraine headaches without auras are more common. Several hours before the headache starts, you can have vague symptoms, including: Anxiety Depression Feeling very tired There's no cure for migraine headaches.


Question: What is an opthalmic migraine?

Answer: Short-lived, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye, which may spread to the rest of your head.


Question: How many Americans get migraines?

Answer: The American Migraine Foundation estimates that more than 36 million Americans get them, women 3 times more often than men.


Question: What are other triggers of a migraine?

Answer: Having your period Feeling very tired Skipping meals Changes to your sleep Yes, migraine headaches seem to run in families.


Question: How does biofeedback help to treat migraines?

Answer: This technique helps you recognize stressful situations that could trigger a migraine. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: What are symptoms of migraines without auras?

Answer: Migraine headaches without auras are more common. Several hours before the headache starts, you can have vague symptoms, including: Anxiety Depression Feeling very tired There's no cure for migraine headaches.


Question: How do changes in weather trigger a migraine?

Answer: Changes in weather.


Question: What is an ophthalmic migraine?

Answer: Short-lived, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye, which may spread to the rest of your head.


Question: How do certain foods trigger a migraine?

Answer: Some foods and drinks, such as aged cheese, alcohol, and food additives like nitrates (in pepperoni, hot dogs, lunchmeats) and monosodium glutamate ( MSG) may be responsible for up to 30% of migraines.


Question: When should you take preventative medications for migraines?

Answer: When lifestyle changes aren't enough, you have other options. Preventive migraine medications can make your headaches less severe and happen less often when you take them on a regular basis. Also, there are some new devices which can help. Cefaly is a portable, headband-like gadget sends electrical pulses through the skin of the forehead. It stimulates the trigeminal nerve, which is linked with migraine headaches. You use Cefaly once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll feel a tingling or massaging sensation. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: What causes migraines?

Answer: Doctors don't know the exact cause of migraine headaches, although they seem to be related to changes in the brain as well as to genes that run in families. You can even inherit the triggers that give you migraine headaches, like fatigue, bright lights, weather changes, and others. For many years, scientists believed migraines resulted from changes in blood flow in the brain. Many now think that they happen because of flaws in the brain passed down from your parents. Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour.


Question: How are preventative medicines used for migraines?

Answer: CGRP causes blood vessels in the lining of the brain to swell. The pain may affect the back of your head. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. What are some everyday parenting tips?

Answer: They also respond better to positive support than discipline. Keep both of those things in mind as you try the following tips. Do all the run-of-the-mill kid things: Give your child chores around the house. Just break them up into small steps and be patient. Have your child play with other kids who do and don't have Down syndrome. Keep your expectations high as your child tries and learns new things. Make time to play, read, have fun, and go out together. Support your child in doing day-to-day tasks on his own.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. How can I help them feel in control of their life?

Answer: It's important for all kids to feel like they have some control over their lives. For example, you can: Let your child make choices when it makes sense to. This can be as simple as letting him choose what clothes to wear. Allow him to take reasonable risks. You need to protect your children, but also let them see what they can handle. Support him in solving problems, like how to deal with an issue with friends or approach a problem at school. You don't have to fix it for them, but help them do it themselves.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. What are some tips for helping them at school?

Answer: To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes. As you work with doctors, therapists, and teachers, focus on your child's needs rather than on the condition. Look at what your child is learning at school and see if you can work those lessons into your home life. When you talk to your child, keep it simple -- the fewer steps, the better. Let's get your teeth brushed, face washed, pajamas on, and pick out some books.â Have your child repeat directions back to you so you know you've been understood. Name and talk about things your child seems to get excited about.


Question: My child has Down syndrome. What are tips for coping with that?

Answer: Along the way, maybe you talk with other parents whose kids have Down syndrome so you can learn tips and find out what to expect. And, as your child grows, you can work with doctors, therapists, teachers, and other specialists. Beyond these big-picture tasks, it can also help to know what you can do day to day. Every family has their joys, stresses, and challenges, but when you have a child with Down syndrome, things look a little different. To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes.


Question: How can I treat sleep apnea at home?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You may be able to treat mild cases of sleep apnea by changing your behavior, for example: Losing weight Avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills. Changing sleep positions to improve breathing. Stopping smoking. Smoking can increase the swelling in the upper airway, which may worsen both snoring and apnea. Avoiding sleeping on your back.


Question: What are the types of surgery for sleep apnea?

Answer: If you have a deviated nasal septum, enlarged tonsils, or a small lower jaw with an overbite causing the throat to be too narrow, surgery may be needed to correct sleep apnea. The most commonly performed types of surgery for sleep apnea include: Nasal surgery: Correction of nasal problems such as a deviated septum. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( UPPP): A procedure that removes soft tissue on the back of the throat and palate, increasing the width of the airway at the opening of throat. Mandibular maxillomandibular advancement surgery: Surgery to correct certain facial problems or throat obstructions that contribute to sleep apnea.


Question: How helpful iares dental devices in treating sleep apnea?

Answer: Dental devices can be made that help keep the airway open during sleep. Such devices can be specifically designed by dentists with special expertise in treating sleep apnea.


Question: What are the treatments options for sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea treatments range from lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or changing sleep positions, to CPAP therapy, to surgery.


Question: How can you prevent further bleeding during pregnancy?

Answer: Prevent Further Bleeding Don't insert anything into the vagina. Avoid sex, tampons, or douching while you're bleeding.


Question: How can you monitor bleeding during pregnancy?

Answer: Monitor Bleeding Put on a sanitary pad or panty liner to keep track of the amount of bleeding.


Question: Does fatigue mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: About 80% of people with MS feel very tired, making it one of the most common symptoms. But a number of things can make you feel exhausted, including a sleep disorder, depression, or too little iron in your blood. MS fatigue tends to be worse than run-of-the-mill sluggishness. You may not have the energy to do even simple things, like cook dinner or take the dog for a walk.


Question: What does it mean if my sight is slowly getting worse?

Answer: Some blurriness is a normal part of aging -- you may just need a new pair of glasses. A more serious issue, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy, can also lead to vision problems like blind spots. To rule out these diseases, have a checkup with your eye doctor.


Question: Are dizziness and nausea associated with other conditions other than multiple sclerosis?

Answer: If you're dizzy and nauseous when you're lying down, or if you stumble to one side, chances are it's a problem with your inner ear, which controls your balance. Medications, such as those for depression and seizure disorders, can cause similar problems, too.


Question: Can multiple sclerosis cause dizziness?

Answer: MS can make you feel lightheaded or off-balance, usually when you're standing up and moving around.


Question: Does slurred speech mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: â What did you say?â People with MS might hear this phrase a lot -- the disease can damage the part of your brain that controls speech. Here are the main symptoms: Slurred words Nasal speech, or sounding like you have a cold Long pauses between words or syllables, called scanning speech If you drink too much alcohol, your speech might be slurred for a little while. But if the problem comes out of nowhere, call for help right away. It could be a sign of a brain injury or stroke.


Question: Does weakness mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Sudden weakness, especially in an arm or leg, is a MS symptom. If you feel weak all over, odds are there's another problem at play. You may be fighting off a cold or the flu. Or you may have too few red blood cells in your body, a condition called anemia. Weakness on just one side of the body can be from something mild like a pinched nerve or a serious problem like a stroke. If it happens along with other symptoms, like a drooping face or slurred speech, call 911 right away.


Question: What conditions other than multiple sclerosis cause numbness and tingling?

Answer: Numbness and tingling can also come from a lack of blood flow or a pinched nerve, so think first if you slept in a funny position or sat without moving for a long time. Other conditions can lead to nerve damage, too: Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the wrist, while diabetic neuropathy can trigger numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands.


Question: Is it common for people with multiple sclerosis to experience fatigue?

Answer: About 80% of people with MS feel very tired, making it one of the most common symptoms. But a number of things can make you feel exhausted, including a sleep disorder, depression, or too little iron in your blood.


Question: What are signs of fatigue related to multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Other signs include: You feel wiped out every day. You're tired in the morning, even after a good night's sleep, and it gets worse as the day goes on. You feel fatigued easily and suddenly. It gets worse in heat and humidity.


Question: When should I call 911 about numbness or tingling?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. If that happens to you, call 911 ASAP.


Question: Does pain mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: About 55% of people with MS say they have pain at one point or another, while 48% have long-lasting pain. There are a few different types they might have, such as: Throbbing pain in the face Brief, intense pain that runs from the back of the head to the spine Burning or aching across the body, which is also called the â MS hugâ Aches caused by stiffness or muscle spasms Pain can happen for many reasons. If you hurt, talk to your doctor about where and when it happens. He can help you know if the cause is MS or another problem.


Question: How can I know if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: So it's easy to mistake another issue for MS, which affects less than 1% of Americans. How can you tell if what you're feeling is caused by MS or something else? First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. You can also keep track of your problems: MS symptoms tend to come and go or get worse over time. It helps to know what else can explain some of the signs you might be feeling.


Question: What are the vision problems caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Vision problems caused by MS usually come on suddenly. They include: Blurry, gray, or double vision Blindness or a dark spot in one eye Eye movements you can't control If your sight is slowly getting worse, there's most likely another issue to blame.


Question: Does blurred or loss of vision mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: You're reading a book and suddenly you see two of the same line or the page becomes a gray jumble. Vision problems caused by MS usually come on suddenly. They include: Blurry, gray, or double vision Blindness or a dark spot in one eye Eye movements you can't control If your sight is slowly getting worse, there's most likely another issue to blame. Some blurriness is a normal part of aging -- you may just need a new pair of glasses. A more serious issue, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy, can also lead to vision problems like blind spots. To rule out these diseases, have a checkup with your eye doctor.


Question: Could I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Before you start to worry, know that many signs of the condition are the same as symptoms of other health problems. So it's easy to mistake another issue for MS, which affects less than 1% of Americans. How can you tell if what you're feeling is caused by MS or something else? First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. You can also keep track of your problems: MS symptoms tend to come and go or get worse over time. It helps to know what else can explain some of the signs you might be feeling.


Question: What are the symptoms of slurred speech caused by muscle sclerosis?

Answer: â What did you say?â People with MS might hear this phrase a lot -- the disease can damage the part of your brain that controls speech. Here are the main symptoms: Slurred words Nasal speech, or sounding like you have a cold Long pauses between words or syllables, called scanning speech If you drink too much alcohol, your speech might be slurred for a little while.


Question: Is sudden numbness a sign of a stroke?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. If that happens to you, call 911 ASAP.


Question: What does it mean if I have a quick wave of lightheadedness?

Answer: That's often a sign of low blood sugar, dehydration, or a sudden drop in blood pressure you get when you stand up quickly. You may need to slowly rise instead of hopping to your feet.


Question: What are a few types of pain that people with muscle sclerosis experience?

Answer: About 55% of people with MS say they have pain at one point or another, while 48% have long-lasting pain. There are a few different types they might have, such as: Throbbing pain in the face Brief, intense pain that runs from the back of the head to the spine Burning or aching across the body, which is also called the â MS hugâ Aches caused by stiffness or muscle spasms Pain can happen for many reasons.


Question: Is sudden weakness related to muscle sclerosis?

Answer: Sudden weakness, especially in an arm or leg, is a MS symptom.


Question: What does it mean if I feel weakness just on one side of the body?

Answer: Weakness on just one side of the body can be from something mild like a pinched nerve or a serious problem like a stroke. If it happens along with other symptoms, like a drooping face or slurred speech, call 911 right away.


Question: Why am I experiencing pain as a result of muscle sclerosis?

Answer: There are a few different types they might have, such as: Throbbing pain in the face Brief, intense pain that runs from the back of the head to the spine Burning or aching across the body, which is also called the â MS hugâ Aches caused by stiffness or muscle spasms Pain can happen for many reasons. If you hurt, talk to your doctor about where and when it happens. He can help you know if the cause is MS or another problem.


Question: How can I manage fatigue?

Answer: You can also keep track of your problems: MS symptoms tend to come and go or get worse over time. Talk to your doctor if you just can't seem to feel rested.


Question: Does numbness or tingling mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own. Numbness and tingling can also come from a lack of blood flow or a pinched nerve, so think first if you slept in a funny position or sat without moving for a long time. Other conditions can lead to nerve damage, too: Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the wrist, while diabetic neuropathy can trigger numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands.


Question: What does it mean if I feel weak all over my body?

Answer: MS can make you feel lightheaded or off-balance, usually when you're standing up and moving around. Or you may have too few red blood cells in your body, a condition called anemia. He can help you know if the cause is MS or another problem.


Question: Is numbness or tingling a sign of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own.


Question: When should I see my doctor about multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem.


Question: When should I see my doctor for sudden numbness on one side of my body or trouble seeing or speaking?

Answer: Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem.


Question: What are symptoms of short bowel syndrome?

Answer: Doctors may remove the small intestine as part of a treatment for: Crohn's disease, a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease that causes belly pain, diarrhea, and other digestive problems Cancer Damage from cancer treatment, like radiation therapy Bowel injury The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhea that doesn't go away. You or your child may also have: Cramping Bloating Gas Heartburn Weakness Fatigue Weight loss Since your body has trouble getting nutrients and vitamins from food, it can also cause: Anemia (not enough red blood cells) Easy bruising Fatty liver Gallstones Kidney stones Bone pain and osteoporosis (thinning and fragile bones) Trouble eating certain foods If you're having any symptoms and you've had a lot of your small intestine removed, your doctor may already suspect short bowel syndrome.


Question: What questions will my doctor most likely ask when diagnosing me with short bowel syndrome?

Answer: Along with the tests, your doctor will probably also ask you questions about your symptoms, like: How are you feeling? When did your symptoms begin? Do you have any other medical conditions? How are your energy levels? Are you having any diarrhea? Do you have problems after you eat certain foods? What makes your symptoms better? What makes them worse?


Question: What other conditions could I have if I'm malnourished due to short bowel syndrome?

Answer: You or your child may also have: Cramping Bloating Gas Heartburn Weakness Fatigue Weight loss Since your body has trouble getting nutrients and vitamins from food, it can also cause: Anemia (not enough red blood cells) Easy bruising Fatty liver Gallstones Kidney stones Bone pain and osteoporosis (thinning and fragile bones) Trouble eating certain foods If you're having any symptoms and you've had a lot of your small intestine removed, your doctor may already suspect short bowel syndrome.


Question: Can you ease the symptoms of short bowel syndrome?

Answer: If you learn you have short bowel syndrome, know that doctors can do a lot of things to ease your symptoms and make sure you get the right nutrition. People who have the disease can lead active lives. Over time, your body may adjust to having a shorter small intestine, and you may be able to take fewer medicines. The key is to stick to your treatment plan and get the support you need.


Question: How do you treat short bowel syndrome?

Answer: For mild cases, you may need to have several small meals a day, along with extra fluids, vitamins, and minerals. Your doctor will probably also give you medicine for diarrhea. Treatment is the same for moderate cases, but from time to time, you may need extra fluids and minerals through an IV. For more serious cases, you may get an IV feeding tube instead of eating meals. Or, you may have a tube placed directly into your stomach or small intestine. If your condition improves enough, you can stop the tube feedings. In the most severe cases, people need IV feeding tubes all the time.


Question: How is a liver biopsy done?

Answer: Most of the time, doctors make a small cut on your belly and use a hollow needle to get the cells they need. They use a CT scan or an ultrasound to see where to place the needle. The biopsy takes about 5 minutes, but you may need a few hours to recover.


Question: What other health problems can short bowel syndrome cause?

Answer: You or your child may also have: Cramping Bloating Gas Heartburn Weakness Fatigue Weight loss Since your body has trouble getting nutrients and vitamins from food, it can also cause: Anemia (not enough red blood cells) Easy bruising Fatty liver Gallstones Kidney stones Bone pain and osteoporosis (thinning and fragile bones) Trouble eating certain foods If you're having any symptoms and you've had a lot of your small intestine removed, your doctor may already suspect short bowel syndrome.


Question: What causes short bowel syndrome?

Answer: Adults usually have about 20 feet of small intestine. Those with short bowel syndrome usually have at least half of their small intestine missing or removed. There are a lot of reasons why this might happen. Some babies are born with bowel problems that damage parts of the intestine. Others are just born with shorter bowels. Most often, short bowel syndrome happens after surgery to remove a large part of the small intestine. Doctors may remove the small intestine as part of a treatment for: Crohn's disease, a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease that causes belly pain, diarrhea, and other digestive problems Cancer Damage from cancer treatment, like radiation therapy Bowel injury The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhea that doesn't go away.


Question: What is short bowel syndrome?

Answer: Those with short bowel syndrome usually have at least half of their small intestine missing or removed. Some babies are born with bowel problems that damage parts of the intestine. Doctors may remove the small intestine as part of a treatment for: Crohn's disease, a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease that causes belly pain, diarrhea, and other digestive problems Cancer Damage from cancer treatment, like radiation therapy Bowel injury The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhea that doesn't go away. You can become dehydrated, and there's a chance your body won't get enough nutrients.


Question: Can cold air trigger allergies?

Answer: Many people with allergic asthma find that cold air is a problem, especially when they exercise outside. It can trigger a coughing fit.


Question: Can heat trigger allergies?

Answer: Air pollution is worst on hot summer days. Ozone and smog can be a serious trigger for people with allergic asthma.


Question: How can I make my home more allergy-proof?

Answer: Use air conditioning to filter out mold and pollen. Use a dehumidifier to ward off mold growth and dust mites.


Question: What are the common weather triggers for allergies?

Answer: Wind blows pollen into the air, causing hay fever. If you have pollen allergies, shut the windows and stay indoors on windy days. Rainy or humid days. Moisture makes mold grow, both indoors and out. Dust mites also thrive in humid air. But if you're allergic to pollen, humid or damp days are good. The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground. Cold air. Many people with allergic asthma find that cold air is a problem, especially when they exercise outside. It can trigger a coughing fit. Heat. Air pollution is worst on hot summer days.


Question: Can rainy or humid days trigger allergies?

Answer: Moisture makes mold grow, both indoors and out. Dust mites also thrive in humid air. But if you're allergic to pollen, humid or damp days are good. The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground.


Question: How can season change affect allergies?

Answer: In cooler states, plants start to release pollens in February or March. Tree pollens are also a common spring allergy cause. Summer. Early in summer, grass pollen can trigger reactions. Later in the summer, ragweed and other weeds can become a problem. Mold can hit its peak in July in the warmer states. Fall. Ragweed season usually ends with the first frost in October. In colder states, mold tends to be worst in the fall. Winter. Indoor allergens -- like pet dander and dust mites -- can become more of a problem in winter.


Question: What can my doctor do to help my allergies?

Answer: But you can work around it and reduce your allergy symptoms. When you get the results, you might consider asking about immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or tablets that go under your tongue. They can help keep your allergies under control no matter what the weather or the season.


Question: Can I prepare for allergy problems?

Answer: The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground. Ask your doctor if you can start taking allergy drugs about 2 weeks before you usually start sneezing, coughing, or itching. That way, you can stop them before they start.


Question: What is bipolar disorder?

Answer: Also known as manic depression, bipolar disorder causes swings in mood, energy, and the ability to function throughout the day. Symptoms: Bipolar disorder is known for alternating periods of depression and mania that can last from days to months. During a manic, hypomanic, or depressed episode with "mixed features," symptoms of depression and mania happen at the same time.


Question: How is borderline disorder treated?

Answer: Self-harm (e.g., cutting) or suicidal behavior Mood swings involving anger and depression, usually in response to stressful events or relationships Feelings of emptiness Problems managing anger and unpleasant emotions Paranoia Treatment: Long-term treatment is usually necessary for people with borderline personality disorder. Treatment mainly involves specific forms of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy ( DBT) or transference-focused psychotherapy ( TFP) aimed at helping people manage impulses (such as suicidal urges or tendencies to self-harm when they feel upset), feelings of distress or anger, and emotional oversensitivities to interactions with other people. Medications are also sometimes used to help with these symptoms, although they are not always effective and not considered to be the main focus of treatment in borderline personality disorder. Sometimes, short hospital stays are also needed to manage times of crisis that involve threats to safety and well-being.


Question: What are the symptoms of bipoloar disorder depression?

Answer: Less sleep, but no feeling of being tired During periods of depression, symptoms might include: Drop in energy Lasting sadness Less activity and energy Restlessness and irritability Problems concentrating and making decisions Worry and anxiety No interest in favorite activities Feelings of guilt and hopelessness; suicidal thoughts Change in appetite or sleep patterns Treatment: Most people with bipolar disorder need lifelong treatment to keep their condition managed.


Question: What are the symptoms of bordeorline disorder?

Answer: Symptoms: A person with borderline personality disorder has trouble controlling his thoughts and managing his feelings, and often has impulsive and reckless behavior. Here are the condition's main symptoms: Frantic efforts to avoid feeling abandoned History of unstable, intense relationships Tendency to view people and situations as either "all good" or "all bad" Poor self-image Impulsiveness (spending, sex, substance abuse, etc.)


Question: What problems can I have from infection of ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum?

Answer: During pregnancy, the bacteria can lead to infections in both the mother and the baby. Problems in newborn babies can include: Low birth weight Pneumonia Bacteria in the blood, called septicemia To diagnose a ureaplasma infection, your doctor can take a sample of fluid from: Blood Amniotic fluid Placental tissue Cervix Urethra Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to treat the infection.


Question: How does a person get mycoplasma hominis, a type of mycoplasma infection?

Answer: These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. But if you're in general good health, you don't have to worry. They rarely cause an infection. Women with a weakened immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- are most at risk. You can sometimes pick up this infection during sex. The bacteria can also pass from a mother to her baby during childbirth.


Question: What is mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer: There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless. The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum This type causes lung infections. About a third of people who get infected come down with a mild form of pneumonia called "walking pneumonia." Most people, especially children, will get "tracheobronchitis," a fancy name for a chest cold. You can catch one of these infections when someone who is sick coughs or sneezes and sends droplets with the bacteria into the air.


Question: What does it mean if I have a mycoplasma infection?

Answer: They're caused by tiny living things called bacteria. Unlike other bacteria, the ones that lead to mycoplasma infections don't have cell walls. That's important because many antibiotics kill bacteria by weakening those walls. Since mycoplasma bacteria don't have them, some antibiotics, like penicillin, won't work against them. There are about 200 types of mycoplasma bacteria, but most of them are harmless.


Question: How does my doctor diagnose ureaplasma infection?

Answer: Most healthy women have these bacteria in their cervix or vagina, and a smaller number of men also have them in their urethra. Problems in newborn babies can include: Low birth weight Pneumonia Bacteria in the blood, called septicemia To diagnose a ureaplasma infection, your doctor can take a sample of fluid from: Blood Amniotic fluid Placental tissue Cervix Urethra Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to treat the infection.


Question: How do I treat mycoplasma genitalium?

Answer: If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. For treatment, you may need to take one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline Your partner may need to get treated, too. There's a little bit of trial and error when you take these meds, because sometimes the bacteria don't respond to them. If the first drug doesn't work, your doctor can prescribe a different one. You can help prevent Mycoplasma genitalium if you use a condom during sex. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra.


Question: What antibiotics will the doctor prescribe if I'm infected with ureaplasma urealyticum or ureaplasma parvum?

Answer: To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. Most healthy women have these bacteria in their cervix or vagina, and a smaller number of men also have them in their urethra. Choices may include: Fluoroquinolones like moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline If you were infected while pregnant, your newborn baby may also need to get antibiotics.


Question: What are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae, a type of mycoplasma infection?

Answer: The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum This type causes lung infections. Most people, especially children, will get "tracheobronchitis," a fancy name for a chest cold. If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected.


Question: How do I know if I'm infected with mycoplasma hominis?

Answer: These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. If you do, you'll get treated with antibiotics such as one in the tetracycline family, like doxycycline. To help keep this infection away, always use a condom during sex. And limit how many partners you have.


Question: How does a person get mycoplasma genitalium, a type of mycoplasma infection?

Answer: If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra.


Question: What are ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum, and how does a person get infected?

Answer: These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. Normally, they don't cause any problems. Ureaplasma can spread during sex. If you're pregnant and you're infected, you can pass the bacteria to your baby in the womb or during childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in women?

Answer: If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you're a woman, you may notice that you: Have pain during sex Bleed from the vagina after sex Get a discharge from the vagina If you're a man, the infection can cause: Urethritis -- a swelling of the urethra, the tube that urine goes through as it leaves the body Stinging or burning when you pee Discharge from the penis To find out if you're infected, your doctor may do a test called NAAT to look for the bacteria's genes. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra.


Question: What are some symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum infection?

Answer: These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. Some symptoms women can get are: It hurts when you pee Belly pain Pain, odor, or discharge from the vagina Swelling at the opening of the urethra Discharge from the urethra Men who are infected can get inflammation of the urethra, called urethritis.


Question: What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in men?

Answer: If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you're a woman, you may notice that you: Have pain during sex Bleed from the vagina after sex Get a discharge from the vagina If you're a man, the infection can cause: Urethritis -- a swelling of the urethra, the tube that urine goes through as it leaves the body Stinging or burning when you pee Discharge from the penis To find out if you're infected, your doctor may do a test called NAAT to look for the bacteria's genes. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra.


Question: What symptoms of chemical pneumonia need emergency medical care?

Answer: Immediate evaluation in a hospital's emergency department is necessary for treating the following conditions: Unconsciousness Cyanosis -- A blue discoloration of the mouth or skin Difficulty breathing Sudden change of voice Mouth or throat swelling Chest pain Shortness of breath Cough productive of frothy or bloody spit Altered thinking and reasoning skills Exposure to potentially deadly chemical Vomiting and aspiration The poison control center may suggest other conditions particular to the chemical that would need emergency care.


Question: What should you do if you have any symptoms of chemical pneumonia?

Answer: You can call your local poison control center for help. If your symptoms are serious, you will want immediate treatment at a hospital.


Question: What types of substances can cause chemical pneumonia?

Answer: Many substances can cause chemical pneumonia, including liquids, gases, and small particles, such as dust or fumes, also called particulate matter.


Question: What are the treatments for chemical pneumonia?

Answer: In chemical pneumonia, inflammation of lung tissue is from poisons or toxins. Frequently, the symptoms will be mild, the chemical will be well known, and the medical evaluation brief and focused. Many treatments are possible, including the following: IV fluids Oxygen by mask or tube Breathing treatment with medicine to open breathing tubes Steroid medications by IV or mouth Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by mouth Pain medications by IV or mouth Artificial ventilation (help breathing) Preventive antibiotics (sometimes) Prognosis depends on the chemical exposure and person's medical condition.


Question: What is chemical pneumonia?

Answer: Pneumonia usually is caused by a bacteria or virus. In chemical pneumonia, inflammation of lung tissue is from poisons or toxins. Only a small percentage of pneumonias are caused by chemicals. Chemical pneumonia is only one type of lung inflammation.


Question: How is narcolepsy diagnosed?

Answer: However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy. Several specialized tests, which can be performed in a sleep disorders clinic or sleep lab, usually are required before a diagnosis can be established. Two tests that are considered essential in confirming a diagnosis of narcolepsy are the polysomnogram ( PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test ( MSLT). The PSG is an overnight test that takes continuous multiple measurements while a patient is asleep to document abnormalities in the sleep cycle. A PSG can help reveal whether REM sleep occurs at abnormal times in the sleep cycle and can eliminate the possibility that an individual's symptoms result from another condition. The MSLT is performed during the day to measure a person's tendency to fall asleep and to determine whether isolated elements of REM sleep intrude at inappropriate times during the waking hours. As part of the test, an individual is asked to take four or five short naps usually scheduled two hours apart.


Question: What causes narcolepsy?

Answer: Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain. In addition, researchers have discovered abnormalities in various parts of the brain involved in regulating REM sleep. These abnormalities apparently contribute to symptom development. According to experts, it is likely narcolepsy involves multiple factors that interact to cause neurological dysfunction and REM sleep disturbances. However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy.


Question: What are the symptoms of narcolepsy?

Answer: People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. It is in REM sleep that we can experience dreams and muscle paralysis -- which explains some of the symptoms of narcolepsy. It can cause symptoms ranging from slurred speech to total body collapse, depending on the muscles involved, and is often triggered by intense emotions such as surprise, laughter, or anger. Hallucinations : Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening. The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. These are called hypnagogic hallucinations when accompanying sleep onset and hypnopompic hallucinations when they occur during awakening. Sleep paralysis : This symptom involves the temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes are generally brief, lasting a few seconds to several minutes. After episodes end, people rapidly recover their full capacity to move and speak.


Question: How is narcolepsy treated?

Answer: The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, the most disabling symptoms of the disorder ( EDS and symptoms of abnormal REM sleep, such as cataplexy) can be controlled in most people with drug treatment. Sleepiness is treated with amphetamine-like stimulants, while the symptoms of abnormal REM sleep are treated with antidepressant drugs. There has recently been a new medication approved for those who suffer from narcolepsy with cataplexy. This drug, called sodium oxybate ( Xyrem, helps people with narcolepsy get a better night's sleep, allowing them to be less sleepy during the day. Lifestyle adjustments such as avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals, regulating sleep schedules, scheduling daytime naps (10-15 minutes in length), and establishing a normal exercise and meal schedule may also help to reduce symptoms.


Question: Can I be screened for breast cancer?

Answer: Studies have found that regular mammograms can help you live longer. But medical groups have different guidelines on when you should get them. Some recommend screening tests every other year starting at age 50 if you have a normal risk for breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends women starting at age 45 get yearly mammograms and those ages 40 â 44 should have the choice to begin yearly mammograms if they would like.