Question: Do your tastes for foods change while pregnant?

Answer: Avoid alcohol during pregnancy. You may suddenly dislike foods you were fond of before you became pregnant. In addition, during pregnancy, some women feel strong urges to eat non-food items such as ice, laundry starch, dirt, clay, chalk, ashes, or paint chips. This is called pica, and it may be associated with an iron deficiency such as anemia. Do not give in to these non-food cravings -- they can be harmful to both you and your baby. Tell your health care provider if you have these non-food cravings.


Question: Should I take a calcium supplement during pregnancy?

Answer: Talk to your dietitian about other lactose-reduced products. The amount of calcium you will need from a supplement depends on how much calcium you are consuming through food sources. Calcium supplements and some antacids containing calcium, such as Tums, may complement an already healthy diet. Many multiple vitamin supplements contain little or no calcium; therefore, you may need an additional calcium supplement.


Question: Should I take an iron supplement during pregnancy?

Answer: These sweeteners are considered safe in moderation, so talk with your health care provider about how much non-nutritive sweetener is acceptable during pregnancy. The National Academy of Sciences recommends that all pregnant women following a balanced diet take an iron supplement providing 27 mg of iron during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (that's the amount in most prenatal vitamins). Your doctor may increase this dose if you become anemic. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which the size and number of red blood cells are reduced. This condition may result from inadequate intake of iron or from blood loss.


Question: How much iodine do you need during pregnancy?

Answer: Lots of tasty, healthy foods are great for you and your baby while you're pregnant. There's no need to avoid hard cheese, processed cheese, cream cheese, cottage cheese, or yogurt.


Question: How do you know if a baby's fever is from teething or illness?

Answer: Or an illness? Irritability, gum rubbing, and a slightly raised temperature may be due to teething -- but only in the days right before and after a tooth's arrival. So if your little one seems miserable for several days in a row and you still don't see a tooth, then there's probably something else going on.


Question: Why does a teething baby have runny nose, cough, vomiting or diarrhea?

Answer: It affects more than 85% of teething babies. Fevers have often been linked to teething, but evidence shows that's not really true.


Question: Why is a teething baby is less interested in solids?

Answer: But if your baby cries so much that she can't sleep or be consoled, see your doctor. Some babies shun solids while a new tooth is pushing its way through.


Question: What should you do if your baby has teething symptoms for more than few days?

Answer: Has a slightly raised temperature. So if your little one seems miserable for several days in a row and you still don't see a tooth, then there's probably something else going on. Reach out to your child's doctor.


Question: Why do teething babies have no appetite for solids or liquids?

Answer: Expect some slobber as teeth begin pushing outward. But if your child is also refusing to nurse or take a bottle, talk to your pediatrician.


Question: Why does a teething baby have a slight raise in temperature?

Answer: But there's one milestone you may not look forward to: teething. They found that the children had slight increases in temperature on the day a tooth erupted and the day before. But they didn't have what doctors would call a fever, which in a child is 100.4 F or above. Irritability, gum rubbing, and a slightly raised temperature may be due to teething -- but only in the days right before and after a tooth's arrival.


Question: How much probiotics should I take?

Answer: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. You can also find them in supplements and some foods. You'll find them as capsules, powders, and liquids. Your doctor may point you to a product that's been tested and shown to work for your condition. The right dose varies for each product and for the condition you use them for. Some may not have as many helpful microbes as their labels say.


Question: What are the different types of probiotics?

Answer: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. You can also find them in supplements and some foods. There are many different probiotics. Some have just one helpful type of bacteria, while others are a mixture. To work well, probiotics must have enough good bacteria to allow them to grow in your intestines.


Question: How safe are probiotics?

Answer: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. They may help prevent disease, or they might only work after you're sick. If you decide to take them, make sure to tell your doctor.


Question: What medical condition can probiotics help?

Answer: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. Studies show they may help problems like: Diarrhea that's a side effect of antibiotics or from an infection Colitis caused by the bacteria C. difficile Ulcerative colitis Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics may also help improve Crohn's disease, allergies, and some types of skin problems, but there's no strong proof.


Question: How do probiotics help with digestion?

Answer: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. They may work for some conditions but not others. Studies show they may help problems like: Diarrhea that's a side effect of antibiotics or from an infection Colitis caused by the bacteria C. difficile Ulcerative colitis Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics may also help improve Crohn's disease, allergies, and some types of skin problems, but there's no strong proof.


Question: Does exercise help if you have ADHD?

Answer: But if your ADHD or the drugs you take to treat it lead to a few extra pounds, you're not stuck with the extra weight. Go for a walk, do yoga, or just dance around your room. If you get bored easily, don't try to do a full hour of exercise at once. Break your routine into 10- or 15-minute segments to make them easier to finish.


Question: Is echinacea good for the flu?

Answer: Be sure your medical doctor knows of everything you are taking -- standard medicine and alternatives. There are few well-designed studies on how these herbs and supplements treat and prevent influenza.


Question: What is the most common cause of osteoporosis-related back pain?

Answer: Osteoporosis itself isn't painful. But when the condition is severe, it can lead to fractures and other painful problems. It can cause: Sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking with some relief when you lie down Trouble twisting or bending your body, and pain when you do Loss of height A curved spine called kyphosis, also known as a âdowager's hump.â Bones are fragile in osteoporosis.


Question: What are the types of surgeries for compression fractures?

Answer: But there are some that shouldn't be taken for a long time. Physical therapy. With vertebroplasty, your doctor uses a needle to inject a bone cement mixture into the fracture to help it heal. Then the doctor fills it with the bone cement mixture. These procedures seem to work best if you have them within 8 weeks of getting the spinal fracture.


Question: Does osteoporosis hurt?

Answer: But when the condition is severe, it can lead to fractures and other painful problems. The most common cause of osteoporosis pain is a spinal compression fracture.


Question: How can I help my child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: If your child's blood sugar stays high over time, it can damage the body and cause health problems. You can help your child stay healthy and lower the chances of getting cardiovascular disease later in life by encouraging him or her to: Maintain a healthy weight.


Question: How likely can my child with type 1 diabetes get celiac disease?

Answer: With celiac disease, the body reacts to gluten -- a protein in wheat, rye, and barley -- by attacking the small intestine. The damage can keep your child from getting the nutrients he needs. When diabetes causes high levels of sugar along with high blood pressure for years, it can raise the risk of nerve damage.


Question: What should I know if my child has type 1 diabetes?

Answer: If your child has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it's important you know how it can affect their body now and throughout life. Certain health conditions are related to type 1. The longer celiac disease blocks your child from getting proper nutrition, the higher their chances of having other problems, like: Weight loss Mood changes Late puberty Tooth damage Stunted height If your child has celiac disease, a doctor will likely recommend switching him to a gluten-free diet.


Question: Is my child with type 1 diabetes at risk for getting diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Children with celiac disease tend to have digestion problems like: Pain Bloating Gas Vomiting Constipation Symptoms for adults are different and usually don't show up in their digestive system. The longer your child has diabetes, the higher his chances of developing retinopathy. That's why regular visits to the eye doctor are so important.


Question: How often will my child with type 1 diabetes need eye exams?

Answer: Make sure your doctor knows your child has type 1 so he can catch and treat any potential problems as soon as possible. Kids are usually tested for eye issues 3-5 years after they're diagnosed with type 1. That's why regular visits to the eye doctor are so important.


Question: What happens if my child has type 1 diabetes and his blood sugar stays high over time?

Answer: Blood glucose problems are common and can become serious if they aren't treated. When diabetes causes high levels of sugar along with high blood pressure for years, it can raise the risk of nerve damage.


Question: How can I protect myself from sexually transmitted diseases during menopause?

Answer: Menopause and postmenopause don't protect you against STDs. Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the more likely you are to catch an STD. Practice monogamy. This means having sex with only one person. Get checked for STDs. Don't risk giving the infection to someone else. Ask a potential sex partner to be checked for STDs. Symptoms of STDs may not be visible or even cause any symptoms for your partner. If you have more than one sex partner, always use a condom. Don't use alcohol or drugs before you have sex. You may be less likely to practice safe sex if you're drunk or high. Know the symptoms of STDs.


Question: How can I improve my sex drive during and after menopause?

Answer: You can also talk to your doctor about vaginal estrogen therapy. Estrogen can make sex less painful by treating vaginal dryness, though. Doctors are also studying whether a combo of estrogen and male hormones called androgens may help boost sex drive in women. The therapist may advise sexual counseling on an individual basis, with your partner, or in a support group. This type of counseling can be very successful, even when it's done on a short-term basis.


Question: How can I improve physical intimacy during menopause?

Answer: To improve your physical intimacy, try these tips: Consider experimenting with erotic videos or books, masturbation, and changes to sexual routines. Use distraction techniques to boost relaxation and ease anxiety. Have fun with foreplay, such as sensual massage or oral sex. Minimize any pain you might have by using sexual positions that allow you to control the depth of penetration. You may also want to take a warm bath before sex to help you relax, and use vaginal lubricants to help ease pain caused by friction. Tell your partner what's comfortable and what's not.


Question: Do I still have to worry about sexually transmitted diseases during menopause?

Answer: During menopause, if your sex drive has dropped but you don't think you need counseling, you should still take time for intimacy. You can get an STD at any point in your life during which you're sexually active. This risk doesn't go down with age or with changes in your reproductive system. Left untreated, some STDs can lead to serious illnesses, while others, like HIV, cannot be cured and may be fatal.


Question: How can I improve intimacy with my partner during menopause?

Answer: That can lead to less interest in sex. During menopause, if your sex drive has dropped but you don't think you need counseling, you should still take time for intimacy. You can still show your partner love and affection without having sex. Enjoy your time together: take walks, eat dinner by candlelight, or give each other back rubs.


Question: Can avoiding drugs help lower your risk of heart failure?

Answer: It can make your heart rate and blood pressure go up. It may also lead to hardening of your arteries. All these problems raise your risk of heart failure. And pay particular attention to belly fat, which can increase your risk of heart disease even more than fat on other parts of your body.


Question: Can lifestyle changes lower your risk of heart failure?

Answer: Also choose "good fats" in olive oil, walnuts, avocados, and fish like salmon or tuna. A long-term sleep problem can raise your chance of heart failure.


Question: Does smoking affect your risk of heart failure?

Answer: Ask your doctor for advice on ways to stop. Smoking damages your arteries, which can start you down the road to heart failure. While you're at it, stay away from smoky rooms, since secondhand smoke is harmful as well. And if you already have heart failure, alcohol can make it worse.


Question: How do I break bad news to my children if they have a life-threatening condition?

Answer: Some professionals will recommend open and direct communication with children about the child's prognosis at all times. When a child has been following the progress of treatments, a parent or palliative care professional can say something similar to, " Remember the medicine we hoped would make you better? It's not doing what we hoped it would do." Although the answers to their questions may bring bad news, children do not process bad news in the same way that adults do.


Question: How can breathing deeply beat stress?

Answer: If stress is starting to run you ragged, take heart. It helps you: Lower stress hormones Lower your heart rate Bring down your blood pressure Here's how to do it: Sit quietly with one hand on your stomach, the other on your chest.


Question: How can I use positive self-talk when I'm stressed?

Answer: Omega-3s, like those found in salmon and other fatty fish, as well nuts and seeds, may also be calming. If you take naps, do so early in the day rather than too close to bedtime.


Question: What is the treatment for short bowel syndrome?

Answer: A severe case may require use of a feeding tube. Medications can ease symptoms and slow the passage of food through your child's digestive system, so nutrients are absorbed better. Sometimes surgery is required.


Question: How can I get enough sleep?

Answer: Is your sleep different than it used to be when you were younger? If you sleep less than when you were younger but still feel rested and energetic during the day, it might be that you now need less sleep. But if you have noticed that your lack of sleep affects you during the day, tell your doctor. There are steps you can take to get better rest. Many are simple tweaks to your daily routine, like setting a regular bedtime, being more active, and taking steps to ease your mind before you hit the hay.


Question: When will I be able to go home after a liver transplant?

Answer: Some patients may be discharged in less time, while others may be in the hospital much longer, depending on any complications that may arise. To provide a smooth transition from hospital to home, the nursing staff and your transplant coordinator will begin to prepare you for discharge shortly after you are transferred from the intensive-care unit to the regular nursing floor. You will be given a discharge manual, which reviews much of what you will need to know before you go home. Readmission after discharge is common, especially within the first year after a transplant. Your first return appointment after a liver transplant will generally be scheduled about 1 to 2 weeks after discharge.


Question: How long does a liver transplant take?

Answer: If the donor liver is found to be acceptable, you will proceed with the transplant. After that, follow-up is 3, 6, 9 and 12 months from the date of the transplant, and then once a year for the rest of your life.


Question: What tests will you need before a liver transplant?

Answer: The team may include the following professionals: Liver specialist (hepatologist) Transplant surgeons Transplant coordinator, usually a registered nurse who specializes in the care of liver-transplant patients (this person will be your primary contact with the transplant team) Social worker to discuss your support network of family and friends, employment history, and financial needs Psychiatrist to help you deal with issues, such as anxiety and depression, which may accompany a liver transplant Anesthesiologist to discuss potential anesthesia risks Chemical dependency specialist to aid those with history of alcohol or drug abuse Financial counselor to act as a liaison between a patient and his or her insurance companies You will need to bring all previous doctor records, X-rays, liver biopsy slides, and a record of medications to your pre-evaluation for a liver transplant. Pulmonary function studies to determine the lungs' ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Blood tests to determine blood type, clotting ability, and biochemical status of blood, and to gauge liver function.


Question: What are anti-rejection medications?

Answer: Two of the most common complications following liver transplant are rejection and infection. Infection: Because anti-rejection drugs that suppress your immune system are needed to prevent the liver from being rejected, you are at higher risk for infections. This typically involves a combination of a calcineurin inhibitor ( CNI) such as cyclosporine ( Neoral) or tacrolimus ( Prograf), a glucocorticoid such as prednisone ( Medrol, Prelone, Sterapred DS), and a third agent such as azathioprine ( Imuran), mycophenolate mofetil ( Cell Cept), sirolimus ( Rapamune), or everolimus ( Zortress, Afinitor). Your first return appointment after a liver transplant will generally be scheduled about 1 to 2 weeks after discharge. After that, follow-up is 3, 6, 9 and 12 months from the date of the transplant, and then once a year for the rest of your life.


Question: What are complications of a liver transplant?

Answer: Two of the most common complications following liver transplant are rejection and infection. So, your immune system may attempt to attack and destroy your new liver. About 64% of all liver-transplant patients have some degree of organ rejection, most within the first 90 days of transplant. Infection: Because anti-rejection drugs that suppress your immune system are needed to prevent the liver from being rejected, you are at higher risk for infections. This problem lessens as time passes.


Question: How can a food diary help with migraines?

Answer: Researchers are still trying to figure out why some people get migraines and others don't. Common culprits include aged cheese; food additives like nitrates, which are often found in hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meat; nuts; and alcohol.


Question: How can ignoring a migraine make it worse?

Answer: If you can't fall or stay asleep or if you're getting 7 to 8 hours a night and still feel tired, talk to your doctor. If you can, lie down in a dark, quiet place until it passes. You also can try putting a cool, damp cloth on your forehead. Some people find that massaging their scalp also helps relieve head pain.


Question: How can noroviruses spread?

Answer: The highly contagious norovirus can tear through cruise ships, classrooms, and other crowded spaces, leaving vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps in its wake. Once someone is infected from contaminated food, the virus can quickly pass from person to person through shared food or utensils, by shaking hands, or through other close contact. When someone with the virus vomits, the virus can spread through the air and contaminate surfaces. The virus also spreads through feces, meaning that someone who doesn't thoroughly wash his hands after using the bathroom can pass it along. Dirty diapers can also harbor norovirus.


Question: How can I prevent norovirus infection?

Answer: In other words, you can spread the infection before you know you're sick. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the bathroom or changing a baby's diaper, and before you prepare or eat food. Alcohol-based cleansers are not as effective as soap and water. Carefully throw away any contaminated items (such as dirty diapers). Wash raw fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Cook oysters and other shellfish before eating them. Clean and disinfect surfaces with a mixture of detergent and chlorine bleach after someone is sick. Try not to eat food that has been prepared by someone else who is sick.


Question: How long is a norovirus infection contagious?

Answer: Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness when standing, dry mouth, and peeing less. In most cases, you can return to work or school after you have been symptom-free for 48 hours, Gaydos says. Food service workers are generally encouraged to wait 72 hours before they handle food. â I tell parents that if their child still seems tired or not quite right after 48 hours, keep him or her home for another day or two,â he says. â Whenever you're sick, your resistance is down and you have an increased chance that you'll pick up something else.â In most cases, you will get better on your own after 1 to 3 days.


Question: How common are noroviruses?

Answer: Worldwide, noroviruses are thought to be the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (diarrhea and vomiting illness). Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); On average, noroviruses cause 19 million to 21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis in the U. S. per year, according to the CDC. The norovirus was originally called the Norwalk virus, after the town of Norwalk, OH, where the first confirmed outbreak happened in 1972.


Question: How does a cold lead to a sinus infection?

Answer: The swelling can prevent the flow of mucus. This can lead to a sinus infection. If you have pain around your face and eyes -- and thick yellow or green mucus for more than a week -- see your doctor. Decongestants, antihistamines, and other drugs help lessen the swelling in your sinuses and nasal passages.


Question: What are the symptoms of a common cold?

Answer: Is it turning into a sinus infection? !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You can't miss the symptoms: Nasal congestion Runny nose Post-nasal drip (drop-by-drop release of fluid from your nose into the back of the throat) Headache Fatigue You may also get a cough and a mild fever. The symptoms usually build, peak, and slowly disappear. Also call him if you have fever or symptoms that are severe or don't get better with over-the-counter treatments.


Question: What problems with the teeth and gums are known to affect seniors?

Answer: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Root decay . Roots do not have any enamel to protect them and are more prone to decay than the crown part of the tooth. Gum disease. Caused by plaque and made worse by food left in teeth, use of tobacco products, poor-fitting bridges and dentures, poor diets, and certain diseases, such as anemia, cancer, and diabetes, this is often a problem for older adults. Tooth loss .


Question: What is denture-induced stomatitis, and how does it affect seniors?

Answer: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . This allows the rest of the teeth to drift and shift into open spaces Denture-induced stomatitis . Ill-fitting dentures, poor dental hygiene, or a buildup of the fungus Candida albicans cause this condition, which is inflammation of the tissue underlying a denture.


Question: How and why does an uneven jawbone affect seniors?

Answer: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Uneven jawbone . This is caused by tooth and then not replacing missing teeth. This allows the rest of the teeth to drift and shift into open spaces Denture-induced stomatitis .


Question: How and why does a decline in the sense of taste affect seniors?

Answer: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Diminished sense of taste . While advancing age impairs the sense of taste, diseases, medications, and dentures can also contribute to this sensory loss.


Question: How and why does dry mouth affect seniors?

Answer: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Dry mouth. Caused by reduced saliva flow, which can be a result of cancer treatments that use radiation to the head and neck area, as well as certain diseases, such as SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, and medication side effects.


Question: What is retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer: It usually affects both eyes and is the main reason children have vision loss. Babies who weigh about 2 ¾ pounds and are born earlier than 31 weeks are most likely to get it. Fortunately, most will have a mild case and won't need treatment. More severe forms can cause vision loss and even blindness if you don't take care of them. ROP causes blood vessels in the eye to grow abnormally and spread through the retina. These new blood vessels are fragile, and they leak blood into the eye. Scar tissue can form and pull the retina away from the back of the eye, causing vision loss. Treatment: The disease has five stages. Infantile esotropia is a type that affects premature babies.


Question: How are babies treated for strabismus?

Answer: He'll block the stronger eye so her brain sees only images from the weaker one. He might use an eyepatch or drops that blur vision. This will strengthen her crossed eye and help her see better. Once her vision is stable, the doctor may do surgery to repair muscles around her eye. But her eyes will be better in the long run if she gets treatment before age 2. Even after surgery, she may still need glasses. Because strabismus can return, stick to the regular eye exam schedule her doctor recommends.


Question: Should I get my finances and legal documents in order if I have advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Often, the goal of treatment isn't to get rid of the cancer but to help you live longer and feel better even with cancer still in your body. An advance directive tells people what kind of care you do and don't want if you can't make your own decisions in the moment. A durable power of attorney for health care (or health care power of attorney) will let you give someone the abilitiy to make those decisions on your behalf if you no longer can. If you take care of yourself and let others help you, you'll be better able to enjoy each moment as it comes.


Question: How can advanced lung cancer affect your everyday life?

Answer: Often, the goal of treatment isn't to get rid of the cancer but to help you live longer and feel better even with cancer still in your body. It's normal to feel a mix of emotions when you learn you have cancer -- things like fear, anger, and sadness. You don't have to deal with them alone. Talk to friends, family, or a professional counselor to sort through what you're feeling. Other people with lung cancer might also be able to offer understanding and advice.


Question: What is it like to live with advanced lung cancer?

Answer: Even if you have symptoms, like a cough or feeling tired, you might not feel bad enough to see a doctor. Think about which activities are important to you, and focus your energy on them. You can also rethink your tasks around the house. Some people hire professional caregivers to take care of the basics. Or friends and relatives might help. Others opt for hospice care, which helps you and your family prepare for the end of life. People with advanced cancer often have pain, though not everyone does. Tell your doctor about it and talk about different ways to control it, such as medications. Shortness of breath is also common. It can help to pace your activities and take rests, even if you're just going to the bathroom. Some people can breathe easier with medications or oxygen therapy.


Question: Is lung cancer hard for doctors to find?

Answer: The other kind is small-cell lung cancer. Most people are diagnosed after their disease becomes advanced. Although there's no cure for lung cancer at this stage, there are treatments that can make symptoms easier to handle. The disease also might make you feel tired much of the time.


Question: What drugs treat advanced lung cancer?

Answer: About 85% of people with the disease have this type. Your doctor will recommend the therapies she thinks are most likely to help you.


Question: What are long-acting bronchodilators?

Answer: Short-acting bronchodilators are used as a "quick relief" or "rescue inhalers", while long-acting bronchodilators can be used every day to control asthma -- along with an inhaled steroid. They should only be used with inhaled steroids for long-term control of asthma symptoms. You'll take a long-acting bronchodilator twice a day.


Question: What are signs of cornea problems caused by Fuch's dystrophy?

Answer: If your cornea is damaged by disease, infection, or an injury, the resulting scars can affect your vision. Corneal Dystrophies: There are more than 20 of these diseases. That causes severe pain, especially when you wake up in the morning. As your cornea changes, your vision may get blurry.


Question: How are cornea problems related to keratoconus treated?

Answer: At first, glasses or soft contacts can solve the problem. As the disease goes on, you may need to wear rigid gas permeable lenses. For people with early keratoconus, a procedure called corneal crosslinking can be performed. During this procedure, the doctor will replace your damaged cornea with a donated one. This operation is usually successful. But you probably will still need glasses or contacts to see clearly.


Question: Who is most likely to get problems in the cornea because of herpes zoster (shingles)?

Answer: If you have them, go to your eye doctor. If you're over 50, get the vaccine.


Question: Are cornea problems preventable?

Answer: If you have them, go to your eye doctor. You may also notice: Moderate to severe pain Increased sensitivity to light Excessive tearing A feeling that something is in your eye Treatments include an eye patch, a soft contact lens "bandage," eyedrops, ointments, "tacking it down," or removing the loose layer.


Question: Can you treat keratoconus?

Answer: At first, glasses or soft contacts can solve the problem. As the disease goes on, you may need to wear rigid gas permeable lenses. For people with early keratoconus, a procedure called corneal crosslinking can be performed. During this procedure, the doctor will replace your damaged cornea with a donated one. This operation is usually successful.


Question: Why do I seem to get so gloomy each winter, or sometimes beginning in the fall?

Answer: You may have what's called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. The condition is marked by the onset of depression during the late fall and early winter months, when less natural sunlight is available. Some people have depression year round that gets worse in the winter; others have SAD alone, struggling with low moods only in the cooler, darker months. SAD affects up to 3% of the U. S. population, or about 9 million people, some experts say, and countless others have milder forms of the winter doldrums.


Question: I have seasonal affective disorder (SAD). What can I do on my own to ease winter depression?

Answer: You may have what's called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. It can be used in combination with talk therapy, antidepressant medication, and supplements of the hormone melatonin, which can help synchronize the body clock. So does getting regular exercise, maintaining social activity, and talking with friends. Taking a vitamin D supplement may also help alleviate some symptoms of winter depression. Talk to your doctor about the proper dosage. Resist the urge to overeat. Most experts recommend a diet with enough protein and plenty of complex carbohydrate-containing foods such as whole grain products and starchy vegetables (instead of simple carbohydrates such as candy and soda).


Question: How are broken wrist or forearm treated?

Answer: When it happens close to the base of your hand, it's called a broken wrist. If it's farther up the bone toward the elbow, you've got a broken forearm. You may also need an operation if the fracture shattered your bone, or if the broken pieces don't line up right. Your surgeon attaches something to the bone to hold it in place, such as: Metal pins or rods A plate and screws A device outside your body that he connects to your bone through the skin Treatment without surgery. If the pieces of your bone are lined up correctly, your doctor will put your wrist or arm in a cast.


Question: How important is sleep to creating healthy habits?

Answer: So when you're reviewing your time journal, ask yourself: What tasks take longer than they should? Sleeping at least 7 hours a night leads to better and longer workouts, according to the Sleep Disorders Center at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. Getting enough sleep helps with memory, coordination, and mood, too.


Question: How can getting up early help you make time for healthy habits?

Answer: That can keep you from overloading yourself. Morning is a great time to get things done, before other things intrude and pile up. Plus, you start the day with a big check mark on your to-do list.


Question: How can I find the time to start a healthy habit?

Answer: If you're convinced that your day is already overscheduled and overbooked, think again: There might be a minute or two (or 10!) Does anything surprise you? Snoozing longer than you thought? Maybe that's an extra 10 minutes of found time. Staying late at work consistently? Perhaps you can stay 45 minutes instead of an hour (or leave on time one day a week) and use the time to make a healthy dinner. Do you overestimate what's realistic to get done in a day? Then edit it down to only the top few, and make sure they include your health goals. You've just banked 30 minutes for some healing ZZZs.


Question: What kind of pain can you get from endometriosis?

Answer: Aside from the pain, other symptoms include: Really long or extremely heavy periods Severe migraines or lower back pain during your period Painful bowel movements Allergies that get worse around your period Bleeding between periods Fatigue Nausea Diarrhea Pelvic or belly pain might start before your period and last for several days. Leg pain. Endometriosis can affect nerves that connect to your groin, hips, and legs. Painful bowel movements . Depending on the areas affected by endometriosis, it might hurt to go to the bathroom. If it's severe, it might also cause bleeding and constipation.


Question: How can you prevent food intolerance?

Answer: It can be uncomfortable, but food intolerances usually aren't dangerous. Prevention for food intolerances is much the same as for allergies: Read labels and be careful when eating out to avoid the food or ingredient as much as possible.


Question: How can proper shoes help with your arthritis?

Answer: These make it easier for a person with rheumatoid arthritis to fasten the shoes. In general, running shoes are often an advantage because of their light weight. When picking out a shoe, ALWAYS try on several pairs and walk around in them before purchasing. Great-fitting shoes are worth investing time and effort.


Question: What do I need to know about arthritis footcare?

Answer: Many forms of arthritis commonly affect the feet. Osteoarthritis frequently causes degeneration of the cartilage and bony spurs at the base of the big toe. Wider shoes may be necessary. Degeneration of the arch of the foot can lead to spur formation on the top of the foot. This can put pressure on adjacent nerves of sensation, which can cause burning of the foot and toes. When this discomfort occurs, patients should avoid tying the shoe tightly or wear a shoe that does not bind at the point of the spur.


Question: What is Hunter syndrome (MPS II)?

Answer: It mainly affects boys. Their bodies can't break down a kind of sugar that builds bones, skin, tendons, and other tissue. Those sugars build up in their cells and damage many parts of the body, including the brain. Exactly what happens is different for every person. When your son has Hunter syndrome, there are things you can do to help him play, have friends, and do some of the things that other kids do, even though he may look different from his pals. Although there is no cure for Hunter syndrome, there are ways to help manage it and live with the symptoms. Has anyone in your family had Hunter syndrome or another genetic disease?


Question: What should I expect for my child with Hunter syndrome (MPS II)?

Answer: Hunter syndrome usually affects how the boy looks: Large, round cheeks Broad nose Thick lips and a large tongue Bushy eyebrows Large head Slowed growth Thick, tough skin Short, broad hands with stiff, curled fingers He'll probably have these symptoms: Joint problems that make it hard to move Numbness, weakness, and tingling in his hands A lot of coughs, colds, and sinus and throat infections Breathing problems, including pauses in breathing at night, or sleep apnea Hearing loss and ear infections Trouble walking and weak muscles Bowel problems, such as diarrhea Heart problems, including damaged heart valves Enlarged liver and spleen Bone thickening When a boy's brain is affected, it's likely he'll have: Trouble thinking and learning by the time he is 2 to 4 years old Trouble talking Behavior problems such as a hard time sitting still or aggression Kids who have Hunter syndrome are usually cheerful and affectionate, despite the problems it can cause. Do they come and go? Kids with severe Hunter syndrome are less likely to reach adulthood. Their brains will slowly stop working, and eventually they'll need special care to make them comfortable. Parents of other Hunter syndrome boys are a great resource for understanding what's going on, sharing your feelings, and getting ideas for how to live with the condition. You can find ways to enjoy the time that you have with your child.


Question: What causes Hunter syndrome (MPS II)?

Answer: A dad with Hunter syndrome will pass the problem gene to his daughter, but she won't get the disease unless she gets the gene from her mom, too. It's possible -- but very, very unlikely -- that someone could develop Hunter syndrome even though no one in their family going back has had it. It replaces the protein their body doesn't make.


Question: Where can I get more information about Hunter syndrome (MPS II)?

Answer: If I have more children, are they likely to have this disease? They can also help you connect with other families who are facing the same challenges.


Question: What should you discuss with your doctor about cholesterol medications?

Answer: Before having surgery with anesthesia, including dental work, tell the doctor or dentist what medicines you take. Some medicines may affect your heart rate. Ask your doctor if you need to check your heart rate and how often you should do it. Ask your doctor if you should avoid alcohol. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how to simplify your medicine routine. If you don't feel like your medicine is making a difference, tell your doctor. Get some colored labels and place them on your medicine bottles to simplify your routine.


Question: Can you take over-the-counter herbal treatments with cholesterol medications?

Answer: Do not stop taking it or change it without talking with your doctor first. These can change how your cholesterol medicine works for you.


Question: How does exercise affect my child's blood sugar levels if they have diabetes?

Answer: Exercise can affect blood sugar levels for up to 24 hours, so she may need to take extra insulin or eat extra snacks. The following questions can help you get started: What treatment should she should get when her blood sugar levels are too high or too low?


Question: What can I do to help my child with diabetes?

Answer: You check her blood sugar levels, give her insulin, make sure she eats the right foods, and keep her blood sugar in a healthy range at all times. It's a lot -- but you can manage when you know what to do in every situation. If your child has diabetes, encourage the whole family to eat healthier.


Question: Do I need to monitor exercise for my child with diabetes?

Answer: If your child plays sports or has plans to be more active than usual, check her blood sugar levels before she begins the activity. What are the guidelines for playing sports based on blood sugar levels or other factors?


Question: How should you take antacids?

Answer: If you use the tablets, chew them well before swallowing for faster relief. Be sure to follow the directions on the label so you don't overdose or overuse antacids. Side effects include constipation, diarrhea, changes in the color of bowel movements, and stomach cramps. Take them according to the directions on the package or as advised by your doctor.


Question: Iâm a caregiver for someone with Alzheimerâs. How can I lessen the agitation they feel sometimes?

Answer: You may be able to lessen the agitation by simplifying her routine or distracting her from the stress that caused the problem. A few things to try: Create a calm place for her. Check for physical reasons she might be agitated, like hunger, thirst, needing to use the bathroom, or being too hot or cold. Exercise can ease anxiety and stress. Use low lighting or night-lights to help her feel less confused and afraid at night. You may feel frustrated, but try to keep your voice calm and steady and avoid arguing or criticizing her.


Question: What happens after I've put my pet to sleep?

Answer: If you have children, explain what's happening in advance to help them prepare for the loss of their friend. Most vets will provide a blanket, bugt one from home may be more soothing to you pet, You may want to sit with your friend so you can pet and comfort her while the vet gives her the medicine. Many vets give the pet a shot of sedative before the euthanasia drug. Or you may not want to be there when your pet passes. Your city may have a company that will pick up your friend's remains from the vet's office or from your home. They'll cremate the pet and let you have time for a memorial service before if you want. Your vet may have a service he uses. If not, contact your local or state government for guidance and regulations.


Question: What are the different types of weight loss surgeries?

Answer: Restrictive surgeries work by shrinking the size of the stomach and slowing down digestion. Malabsorptive/restrictive surgeries change how you take in food. They give you a smaller stomach and also remove or bypass part of your digestive tract, which makes it harder for your body to absorb calories. Implanting an electrical device, the newest of the three techniques, prompts weight loss by interrupting nerve signals between the stomach and the brain.


Question: What is a pelvic floor disorder?

Answer: Normally, these muscles and the tissues surrounding them keep the pelvic organs in place. These organs include your bladder, uterus, vagina, small bowel, and rectum. Sometimes, these muscles and tissue develop problems. Some women develop pelvic floor disorders following childbirth. And as women age, pelvic organ prolapse and other pelvic floor disorders become more common. Your doctor may order a variety of tests: Urinary tract X-ray (intravenous pyelography) CT scan of the pelvis Ultrasound of the pelvis MRI scan of the pelvis Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on how severe the symptoms are.


Question: How is alcoholic hepatitis diagnosed?

Answer: Over time, it stops working right. Your doctor may ask about your medical past to see if there's reason to believe you may have alcohol-related liver problems. These will check your liver enzymes. Abnormally high levels are a sign of liver damage. Liver biopsy. It depends on how bad the condition is, but your doctor may suggest that you: Stop drinking alcohol.


Question: What is alcoholic hepatitis?

Answer: It's a serious condition that affects people who are, or used to be, heavy drinkers. It can cause short- or long-term liver damage. The liver is the largest organ in the body, and it removes poisons such as alcohol from the blood. Over time, it stops working right. You might also have a fever, stomachache, or liquid buildup in your belly, and you may lose weight. If you've been diagnosed with it or think you might have it, here's what you need to know.


Question: What anti-inflammatory medications can ease hemicrania continua headaches?

Answer: Some anti-inflammatory medications ease hemicrania continua headaches. Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID), often gives fast relief. Daily doses of indomethacin for hemicrania continua typically range from 25 to 150 milligrams. A common side effect of the drug is irritation of the lining of the stomach and digestive tract. So, people who take it may also need medication to help their stomach make less acid.


Question: Why do people take vitamin K?

Answer: Vitamin K1 is the main form of vitamin K supplement available in the U. S. Recently, some people have looked to vitamin K2 to treat osteoporosis and steroid-induced bone loss, but the research is conflicting. While vitamin K deficiencies are uncommon, you may be at higher risk if you: Have a disease that affects absorption in the digestive tract, such as Crohn's disease or active celiac disease Take drugs that interfere with vitamin K absorption Are severely malnourished Drink alcohol heavily In these cases, a health care provider might suggest vitamin K supplements. Uses of vitamin K for cancer, for the symptoms of morning sickness, for the removal of spider veins, and for other conditions are unproven.


Question: What are the risks of taking vitamin K?

Answer: Most people get enough vitamin K from their diets. Good natural food sources of vitamin K include: Vegetables like spinach, asparagus, and broccoli Legumes like green beans You can also meet your daily requirement with foods that have lesser amounts of vitamin K: Eggs Strawberries Meat like liver Side effects of oral vitamin K at recommended doses are rare. Many drugs can interfere with the effects of vitamin K. They include antacids, blood thinners, antibiotics, aspirin, and drugs for cancer, seizures, high cholesterol, and other conditions. You should not use vitamin K supplements unless your health care provider tells you to. They should not use vitamin K supplements unless advised to do so by their health care provider.


Question: What should I know before starting psoriasis laser treatments?

Answer: Here's what the research shows about this new treatment for psoriasis. To make sure you're a good candidate, have a complete health history and exam done before starting treatment.


Question: What are my treatment options for psoriasis?

Answer: All of these treatments work well, but medications can have side effects and light therapy requires a regimen of three sessions a week for two to three months followed by maintenance therapy. During the procedure, you will be given dark goggles to protect your eyes.


Question: What is spinal compression fracture  from osteoporosis?

Answer: If your compression fracture is minor and develops over a long time, you may not have any symptoms. And you could get a curved spine or humped back, which may be a sign that you have more than one compression fracture. You'll have symptoms like: Pain, swelling, or bruising in your wrist or the base of your thumb Your wrist bends at an unnatural angle It hurts when you try to grip something in your injured hand


Question: What do you need to know about spinal compression fractures due to osteoporosis?

Answer: If you have osteoporosis, sometimes just the simple act of bending over, coughing, or lifting something heavy may cause it. If your compression fracture is minor and develops over a long time, you may not have any symptoms. If that's the case, it may heal on its own. You'll feel it along the spine, usually in your middle to lower back. It often gets worse when you stand or sit for a long period and gets better when you lie down. You may also notice that you're getting a little shorter. And you could get a curved spine or humped back, which may be a sign that you have more than one compression fracture. You'll have symptoms like: Pain, swelling, or bruising in your wrist or the base of your thumb Your wrist bends at an unnatural angle It hurts when you try to grip something in your injured hand


Question: Is there a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Because of medical advancements, people can now live long, active lives with HIV. There are more than two dozen of them, and they fall into six main types.


Question: How can a CD4 count help in the treatment plan for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Which specific ones your doctor prescribes depends on what other medical conditions you have, what medications you take, how well your immune system is working, and even how many pills you want to take each day. HIV attacks your CD4 cells, and the test checks the number of them you have in a sample of your blood. You'll likely get your CD4 count tested about a month after you start treatment and then every 3 to 6 months.


Question: How do drugs help in treating metabolic syndrome?

Answer: Medications also may be useful. Drugs to control cholesterol and high blood pressure may be considered. Some blood pressure medications -- ACE inhibitors -- have also been found to reduce levels of insulin resistance and to defer the complications of type 2 diabetes. This is an important consideration when discussing the choice of blood pressure drugs in the metabolic syndrome. However, there are currently no established guidelines on treating metabolic syndrome patients with metformin if they do not have a diabetes diagnosis.


Question: How can adopting an exercise plan help in treating metabolic syndrome?

Answer: In itself, exercise is helpful in treating metabolic syndrome. Studies show no benefit in liposuction on insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, or cholesterol.


Question: What states have banned the use of Bisphenol A (BPA)?

Answer: Similar laws are likely to pass in New York and California, and state legislatures are considering restrictions in many other states. It isn't as hard as it once was. Throw out any plastic products -- like bottles or sippy cups -- that are chipped or cracked.


Question: How is stage II colorectal cancer treated?

Answer: Stage I tumors have spread beyond the inner lining of the colon, to the second and third layers, and involve the inside wall of the colon. You'll probably have surgery to remove the cancer and an area surrounding the cancer. You may also get chemotherapy as a precaution to help prevent the cancer from coming back. Doctors usually do this only for people who are likely to get the disease, because there aren't a lot of advantages of chemotherapy in this stage of colon cancer. An oncologist (a doctor who specializes in cancer treatment) should help decide whether chemotherapy is needed for your stage II colon cancer. Here's what that means: Stage l Il A: Tumors are within the colon wall and also involve the lymph nodes.


Question: How does the body use ketosis?

Answer: If you're healthy and eating a balanced diet, your body controls how much fat it burns so you don't normally make or use ketones. But when you cut way back on your calories or carbs, your body will switch to ketosis for energy. It can also happen after you exercise for a long time and during pregnancy. People with diabetes can get ketoacidosis, or diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA), when they don't take enough insulin.


Question: How can my doctor diagnose keratosis pilaris?

Answer: It causes small, hard bumps that may make your skin feel like sandpaper. Your doctor can diagnose keratosis pilaris by looking at your skin. You don't need to be tested for it.


Question: What are the causes of keratosis pilaris?

Answer: It causes small, hard bumps that may make your skin feel like sandpaper. Keratosis pilaris is caused by a buildup of keratin, the protein that protects skin from infections and other harmful things. The buildup forms a plug that blocks the opening of a hair follicle, but doctors don't know what triggers the buildup. If you have dry skin, you're more likely to have keratosis pilaris. It's usually worse in the winter months, when there's less moisture in the air, and then may clear up in the summer. It often affects people with certain skin conditions, including eczema (also called atopic dermatitis).


Question: What can I do to prevent keratosis pilaris?

Answer: It causes small, hard bumps that may make your skin feel like sandpaper. You can't prevent keratosis pilaris, but you can keep your skin moist to lessen its effects. Don't scratch at the bumps or rub your skin roughly. Use warm water rather than hot for bathing and showering. Limit your time in the water. Try soap that has added oil or fat. Use thick moisturizers generously on the skin. Add moisture to the air in your home with a humidifier.


Question: What happens after your biopsy?

Answer: But biopsies can help identify many other conditions. A person has chronic hepatitis and it's important to know if cirrhosis is present. You would make a separate appointment for the biopsy. In most cases, sedating and pain relief medicines are given, reducing any discomfort. ( In some cases, the doctor collecting the sample can diagnose the condition.)


Question: What are the interactions when taking turmeric?

Answer: Talk to a doctor before using turmeric supplements regularly if you have any medical conditions, including gallbladder or kidney disease, bleeding disorders, diabetes, or immunity problems. They could interact with medicines like aspirin, NSAID painkillers, statins, diabetes drugs, blood pressure medicines, and blood thinners. They might also interact with supplements that decrease clotting, like ginkgo, ginseng, and garlic.


Question: What are the risks of taking turmeric?

Answer: Since turmeric can potentially increase bleeding, stop taking it at least two weeks before any surgery. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, children and women who are breastfeeding should only use turmeric supplements if a doctor recommends it.


Question: What is turmeric?

Answer: In India and other parts of Asia, turmeric is used to treat many health conditions. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and perhaps even anticancer properties. Turmeric, as a spice, is a common ingredient in Indian cooking. The spice (and supplement) comes from the underground stems (rhizomes) of the turmeric plant.


Question: Where is the best place for a child with ADHD to do homework?

Answer: Choose one spot where your child can do his homework every day. Make sure it's away from distractions like noisy siblings and the TV. The seat should face a wall, not a window. White noise, from an MP3 player or a fan, can help drown out sounds to keep his mind on the work. Set up a schedule with a due date for each step.


Question: Will homework ever get easier for my child with ADHD?

Answer: But for a child with ADHD, homework time can be extra hard. Assignments that might take other kids an hour can take yours 2 or 3 -- or more. A structured routine can help your son or daughter stay focused and on track.


Question: How can I help my child with ADHD manage her time and get homework done?

Answer: But for a child with ADHD, homework time can be extra hard. A structured routine can help your son or daughter stay focused and on track. Ask your child to break down his homework into mini-assignments that take only a few minutes each. Then use an egg timer or alarm app to keep him on task for each section. Not only will it help him, but you won't have to nag as much. Like the daily assignments, break down big, long-term projects (like a diorama or a book report) into simple steps. Set up a schedule with a due date for each step. These small deadlines will help him get the project done on time. She may have a hard time later in the evening, after they wear off.


Question: How effective is alprostadil?

Answer: The suppository form is called â MUSEâ (which stands for Medicated Urethral System for Erection). It produces an erection in about 30%-40% of men with ED.


Question: How quickly will alprostadil work?

Answer: Wait 10-30 minutes before you have sex. Your erection should last for about an hour and may continue after you ejaculate. Don't use it more than three times a week. Wait at least 24 hours between each use. Sit, stand, or walk for 10 minutes to boost blood flow to your penis to help with an erection.


Question: What are the side effects of using alprostadil?

Answer: If you are allergic to any other substances such as drugs, foods, preservatives, or dyes If you take any prescription or over-the-counter drugs including herbal and dietary supplements If you have a penile implant If you have a history of priapism (a painful and prolonged erection not linked to sexual stimulation) Also, tell your doctor if you have any medical problems, especially: Problems with your penis, such as curvature or birth defects Bleeding problems Penile infection Red or itchy penis Conditions that cause thickened or slower blood flow such as leukemia (cancer of the blood), sickle cell disease or trait, or thrombocythemia (high number of platelets) If you take a blood thinner or you bruise or bleed easily Peyronie's disease If you can't take this medicine, your doctor can recommend other treatments. Call your doctor immediately if you have any of these rarer problems: Curving of the penis with pain during an erection Erection lasts for 4 to 6 hours with severe and continuing pain in the penis Swelling or pain in the testes Bleeding or spotting from the urethra Stinging in the urethra


Question: What precautions should you take when using alprostadil?

Answer: Or you can use it as suppository, placing it into the opening at the tip of the penis. Don't store it -- you cannot use it later on. If you have any questions about how to use this medication, ask your doctor or pharmacist. The small amount of urine left in the urethra will help dissolve the suppository. The suppository is about half the size of a grain of rice. If you keep it in your fridge, don't let it freeze.


Question: What treatments are available to treat muscle sclerosis spasticity if pills don't work?

Answer: The goal is to lengthen your muscles to ease the condition. You can also get shots of botulinum toxin (such as Botox or Myobloc) to relax your muscles.


Question: What is the physical therapy treatment for MS-related spasticity?

Answer: Physical therapy, medications, surgery, or a mix of these treatments can ease spasticity when you have MS. To decide the best way to help you, your doctors will think about your overall health, how severe your symptoms are, and: Does the condition keep you from doing everyday tasks? The goal is to lengthen your muscles to ease the condition.


Question: What medications are used to treat multiple sclerosis spasticity?

Answer: The goal is to lengthen your muscles to ease the condition. You can also get shots of botulinum toxin (such as Botox or Myobloc) to relax your muscles.


Question: What does spasticity feel like?

Answer: Spasticity also can make you ache or feel tight in and around your joints and low back. How you feel can vary depending on your position, posture, and how relaxed you are. The condition can get worse when it's too hot or cold, when you have an infection, or if you're wearing tight clothing.


Question: What is skilled care to help with caregiving?

Answer: You may hear some in-home palliative care programs called âpre-hospice care,â but you can also have palliative care if you're in a hospital or as an outpatient (which means you're not staying in a hospital). Skilled care: Professionals -- usually nurses or physical or occupational therapists -- come to the home to provide health care. This might include giving medications, taking care of wounds, and giving shots.


Question: What is the treatment for a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer: If you've been diagnosed with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, your next step is to figure out what kind of treatment you need. He'll keep tabs on your condition, and he won't begin treating you unless the disease gets active.


Question: How can radiation help with treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Answer: You and your doctor will talk over which one is best for you. You may also get radiation along with other treatments, like chemotherapy Radiation therapy is painless and only takes a few minutes. When you're getting the treatment, you most often have the procedure done 5 days a week for a few weeks.


Question: How do I know if I have a bowel obstruction?

Answer: These could all be signs you have a bowel obstruction, which is a serious problem that happens when something blocks your bowel, either your large or small intestine. Your belly is swollen If you've been constipated and any of these symptoms appear, contact your doctor right away. She'll do a physical exam to see if you have pain in your abdomen, if you're able to pass gas, or if there's a lump that she can feel in your abdomen.


Question: How are medications used to treat breathing problems?

Answer: Sinusitis can make it difficult to breathe through your nose for a week or two until the inflammation subsides and the congested sinuses begin to drain. These medications can be delivered orally or through nasal sprays. In addition, inhaled steroids may give relief to some with chronic allergies and sinusitis. These drugs work to reduce inflammation in the airways. Allergy shots are yet another way to reduce sensitivity to allergens and may give relief to some breathing problems. Asthma is treated with inhaled or oral drugs that help open airways and reduce the primary inflammation in the airways. These asthma medications help ease or even prevent airway obstruction and excessive mucus production. An accurate diagnosis is important before you can treat and prevent breathing problems.


Question: What causes breathing problems?

Answer: There are many causes of breathing problems. Some people have difficulty breathing when they get a cold. Others have trouble breathing because of occasional bouts of acute sinusitis. Sinusitis can make it difficult to breathe through your nose for a week or two until the inflammation subsides and the congested sinuses begin to drain. These problems can cause a host of symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, chest congestion, cough, wheezing, labored breathing, and shallow breathing. The nasal passage is a pathway for viruses and allergens to enter your lungs. So the nose and sinuses are often associated with many lung disorders. A sinus or nasal passage inflammation may trigger reflexes and cause asthma attacks. And the No. 1 trigger for asthma is allergies. In addition, inhaled steroids may give relief to some with chronic allergies and sinusitis.


Question: Can medical intervention help me manage breathing problems?

Answer: But a greater understanding of your breathing problems, along with an accurate medical diagnosis and effective treatment, can help you regain control. So often, people seek medical intervention only after they have had breathing problems for weeks to months. Often by the time the medications are started, damage has occurred that takes more time to heal. An accurate diagnosis is important before you can treat and prevent breathing problems. Each of us is different.


Question: What are some triggers of asthma related to breathing problems?

Answer: Asthma is treated with inhaled or oral drugs that help open airways and reduce the primary inflammation in the airways. Asthma triggers may include: Viral infections (cold or flu) Pollen Pet dander Mold spores Dust mites Cockroaches Irritating pollutants in the air Fragrances and fumes Smoke Food allergies Even exercise and cold weather can be an asthma trigger in some people.


Question: Which tests are used to diagnose breathing problems?

Answer: Breathing problems may also stem from other serious problems such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and lung disease related to HIV/ AIDS. These tests include spirometry and a test known as methacholine challenge. Spirometry is a simple breathing test. It measures how much air you can blow out of your lungs and how fast you can blow it. In some cases, the doctor may take an X-ray to see the structures inside your chest, including the heart, lungs, and bones. A chest X-ray is a good test to diagnose pneumonia. It can't, though, identify most breathing problems by itself. For some people with breathing problems, a CT scan of the chest is needed. This scan looks for any problems in the lungs. A CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images. If you suffer with chronic sinusitis, your doctor may order a special sinus CT scan. This scan will be used to evaluate your sinuses. Once the problem is diagnosed, your doctor may prescribe effective treatment to help resolve the breathing difficulty. After performing allergy tests, your doctor may know what's triggering your breathing problems.


Question: How do you diagnose a PCL injury?

Answer: He or she will also ask: If your knee was bent, straight, or twisted when it was injured How your knee felt after the injury If you've had any symptoms since you were injured Physical examination. In a common test for PCL injuries, you lie on your back with your knee bent. This presses against your leg to measure the ligament's tightness. Your doctor may also ask you to walk. Imaging.


Question: What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Answer: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) is a cancer that affects a type of white blood cell called a "lymphocyte." If you have CLL, your body makes an abnormally high number of lymphocytes that aren't working right. More adults get CLL than any other type of leukemia. They can also learn more about the genetic changes in the cells. Do I need treatment now? If you have a very high number of CLL cells in your blood when you get diagnosed, your doctor may use this treatment to lower them quickly. CLL usually grows slowly.


Question: What are subcortical dementias?

Answer: Between 60% to 80% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's. Cortical dementias happen because of problems in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language. Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and HIV can cause these types of dementia.


Question: How can your doctor help to treat blood in semen (hematospermia)?

Answer: For men younger than 40 with no related symptoms and no risk factors for underlying medical conditions, blood in semen often disappears on its own. This is especially true for men who: Have repeated episodes of blood in the semen Have related symptoms while urinating or ejaculating Are at risk for cancer, a bleeding disorder, or other conditions Blood in the semen is called hematospermia or hemospermia. But for men of any age with risk factors for cancer, testing that rules out prostate cancer may be the most reassuring part of treatment for blood in semen.


Question: What other medical conditions can cause blood in semen (hematospermia)?

Answer: For instance, as many as four out of five men may temporarily have blood in their semen following a prostate biopsy. Other medical conditions. As many as 15% of cases of blood in semen can't be traced to a known cause. In younger men, blood in the semen that happens just once or twice without any additional symptoms or history of certain medical conditions can disappear on its own without treatment.


Question: Is blood in semen (hematospermia) normal?

Answer: Fortunately, it doesn't always signal a major medical problem. For men younger than 40 with no related symptoms and no risk factors for underlying medical conditions, blood in semen often disappears on its own. The man will be told to wear a condom and then examine the "protected" semen for blood.


Question: How can trauma or a medical procedure cause blood in semen (hematospermia)?

Answer: This is the most common cause of blood in the semen. For instance, as many as four out of five men may temporarily have blood in their semen following a prostate biopsy. Procedures done as treatment for urinary problems can also cause mild trauma that leads to temporary bleeding. This usually disappears within several weeks after the procedure. Radiation therapy, vasectomy, and injections for hemorrhoids can also cause blood. Physical trauma to the sex organs after pelvic fracture, injury to the testicles, excessively rigorous sexual activity or masturbation, or other injury can cause blood in the semen.


Question: How can obstruction cause blood in semen (hematospermia)?

Answer: Blood can come from an infection or inflammation, in any of the glands, tubes, or ducts that produce and move semen from the body. This can cause blood vessels to break and release small amounts of blood. The condition called BPH, which causes the prostate to become enlarged and pinch the urethra, is also linked to blood in semen.


Question: How do I talk to my child about bedwetting?

Answer: When you're ready to talk with your child about bedwetting, here are a few simple tips that can help. Letting your child know that other kids have the same problem can take the weight off his shoulders and help him feel he's not alone. Tell your child if you used to wet the bed. Tell them they're not to blame. Be encouraging. With the use of absorbent pants, medication, and the help of other parents, let your child know they can go on sleepovers or away to camp. Talk to your child about taking part in cleaning up.


Question: What are things I  should avoid talking about when I speak to my child about bedwetting?

Answer: Don't be shy. So make the time to talk about it. Don't blame your child. Don't shame your child. Don't blame yourself. Don't lose patience.


Question: What are heat cramps?

Answer: Heat cramps can occur during exercise or work in a hot environment or begin a few hours later. Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.


Question: How safe is a meniscus tear repair?

Answer: Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Complications are rare. They may include injury to skin nerves, infections, and knee stiffness. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to help stave off infection. He may also recommend compression stockings to help prevent blood clots.


Question: How might your doctor treat a meniscus tear?

Answer: If these treatments don't work -- or if your injury is severe -- he might recommend surgery. If your doctor's exam shows your meniscus tear is mild ( Grade 1 or 2), you may not need surgery. Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Your doctor will make small cuts in your knee. He'll insert an arthroscope to get a good look at the tear. Then he'll place small devices that look like darts along the tear to stitch it up. Your body will absorb these over time. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Your doctor will remove a piece of the torn meniscus so your knee can function normally. Arthroscopic total meniscectomy. During this procedure, your doctor will remove the whole meniscus.


Question: What are the symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), also known as the human version of mad cow disease?

Answer: According to the CDC, four deaths from v CJD have been identified in the U. S. However, it's believed those cases were caused by consumption of meat outside the U. S. It is important to clarify the differences between variant CJD and another form of the disease, referred to as classic or sporadic CJD. But only in advanced stages of the disease can brain abnormalities be detected by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). v CJD is fatal, usually within 13 months of the onset of symptoms.


Question: What happens after a mammogram?

Answer: A diagnostic mammogram focuses in on a particular lump or area of abnormal tissue. You may take aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve the discomfort. Generally, you will be able to resume your usual activities immediately. The results of your mammogram will be given to your doctor, who will discuss with you what the test results could mean and what further tests might be recommended. All mammography facilities are now required to send your results by mail to you within 30 days. You will be contacted within five working days if there is a problem with your mammogram. If you do not hear about your test findings within 10 working days, don't assume your results are normal -- call your doctor to make sure. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one to two mammograms out of every 1,000 lead to a diagnosis of cancer. Approximately 10% of women will require additional mammography. Don't be alarmed if this happens to you. Only 8% to 10% of those women will need a biopsy, and 80% of those biopsies won't be cancer. Those odds may improve with more widespread use of three-dimensional mammography.


Question: How should you prepare for a mammogram?

Answer: No dietary changes are necessary. Take your medicines as usual. Do not wear body powder, cream, deodorant, or lotion on your chest the day of the test. These substances may interfere with the X-rays. At the time of the mammogram, you will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and you will be given a hospital gown to wear. You may want to wear a two-piece outfit the day of the test. You will be asked to remove all jewelry. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist performing the exam.


Question: What is hyperlipidemia?

Answer: Either way, it's a common problem. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The term covers several disorders that result in extra fats, also known as lipids, in your blood. You can control some of its causes; but not all of them. It's not something you can feel, but you'll notice the effects of it someday. Your doctor should check your lipid levels regularly.


Question: How can you treat a nagging cough related to HIV?

Answer: It's important to see your doctor if you think you have shingles. In addition to following your doctor's advice, do these things to bring down a fever: Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen Use cold compresses Nagging cough: A cough isn't always a sign of something serious. But one that hangs around for weeks can be. People with low CD4 counts are more likely to get a lung infection called pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP). It can cause a dry cough, shortness of breath, and make you feel very tired. People with weak immune systems are more likely to get tuberculosis ( TB). You may bring up lots of phlegm when you cough and have chest pain, fever, and weight loss, too. If tests show that you have TB, you'll need to take antibiotics for several months.


Question: What tests are done for  blood in your urine?

Answer: Be ready to answer these questions for the health care provider: What color was the blood in the urine? The health care provider may order one or more of these tests: Urinalysis to check for urinary tract infection or kidney disease Blood test to check for kidney disease Kidney imaging studies to check for a tumor, kidney or bladder stone, enlarged prostate, or blockage to urine flow Cystoscopic examination (looking at the inside of the bladder with a very thin scope) to check for a tumor or bladder stone


Question: What questions will my doctor ask about the blood in the urine?

Answer: Call your health care provider to set up a prompt appointment, even if you only see blood once in the urine. Were there blood clots? If so, what size and shape? Was there blood at the beginning or end of the urine stream or during the entire stream? Was it painful for to urinate? Where was the pain located (for example, back, side, groin, or genital area)? Are there other symptoms, such as frequent or urgent urination? Burning during urination? Fever or chills?


Question: What is urge incontinence?

Answer: While urge incontinence is sometimes referred to as "overactive bladder," that condition is slightly different; people with an overactive bladder feel an urge to urinate but don't necessarily leak urine. To practice timed voiding, you use a chart to record the times that you urinate and when you leak urine.


Question: What is decompensated heart failure?

Answer: Decompensated heart failure can also make you feel tired and could make it harder to exercise or even do simple things like folding laundry. You may have abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Medications and devices such as artificial pumps can help you manage symptoms and keep up your quality of life.


Question: What is tachycardia?

Answer: It beats faster. This tends to happen in decompensated heart failure. Tachycardia can lead to several complications, including blood clots in the heart and fainting. The extra heartbeats can also weaken the heart muscle further. The downside of all this is that your heart can't keep it up, so after a while, it just won't be able to pump blood throughout your body anymore.


Question: How much protein should you get if you have prostate cancer?

Answer: The side effects of cancer treatment are often made worse if you are not eating enough or if you are not eating the right foods. The current recommended daily allowance ( RDA) for protein needs are 0.36 grams of protein per pound of body weigh. Example: A 150-pound person needs 54 grams of protein per day. Cancer stresses the body and you may need more protein while undergoing treatment.


Question: How can a dietitian help if you have prostate cancer?

Answer: Make sure you are getting enough vitamins. A registered dietitian can provide suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes).


Question: What are symptoms of diabetes that looks like Alzheimer's?

Answer: In some people, especially those of advanced age, UTIs can cause a sudden onset of symptoms that look like Alzheimer's. People with diabetes can have a hard time keeping the right balance of insulin and blood sugar in their bloodstream. If your blood sugar levels drop too low, your body and brain don't have enough fuel to work as they should. This is called hypoglycemia. If it's severe, you can get confused doing even a basic daily task. You also can become clumsy, appear drunk, or maybe even faint.


Question: What are symptoms of thyroid disease that looks like Alzheimer's?

Answer: If you're depressed, you may find it hard to focus or remember things you need to do. In some people, especially those of advanced age, UTIs can cause a sudden onset of symptoms that look like Alzheimer's. It makes hormones that help your organs work and control how well your body uses food for fuel. If your thyroid is working too fast or too slow, it can affect your mental health. This can also make it hard for you to focus. And you may feel anxious or depressed. In severe cases, you can feel like you're losing touch with the real world.


Question: What are fluoroquinolones?

Answer: The fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin ( Cipro), gemifloxacin ( Factive), levofloxacin ( Levaquin), moxifloxacin ( Avelox), and ofloxacin ( Floxin). This might include patients with allergies to other antibiotics or infections caused by hard-to treat, resistant bacteria.


Question: What minerals are good to ingest when you are sick?

Answer: Lean meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dairy, eggs, nuts, and seeds are good sources. Foods that have it provide nutrients like vitamins B6 and B12, both of which keep your immune system working like it should.


Question: What should you drink if you have nausea?

Answer: Your body uses it to build strength and keep what you already have. You can try chipped ice, juices, sports drinks, ginger ale, clear broths, gelatin, and ice pops. Start with small amounts, like 4 to 8 ounces at a time for adults and 1 ounce or less at a time for children. Only use clear liquids (clear broth, juice, lemon-lime soda). If you're not sure if it's clear, pour it in a clear glass bowl and try to read something through it. If you can't see the letters, it isn't clear.


Question: Can nicotine lead to insulin resistance?

Answer: Nicotine changes chemical processes in your cells so they don't respond to insulin and let it in, a condition called insulin resistance. Nicotine can also trigger your body to make more triglycerides, a type of fat linked to insulin resistance. And nicotine raises levels of hormones that fight insulin.


Question: Why is low blood sugar bad for you?

Answer: Nicotine can make your blood sugar level go up or down. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.


Question: How does smoking affect insulin resistance?

Answer: Your cells need insulin so they can take glucose out of your blood and use it for energy. You could have signs of insulin resistance just an hour later. Studies show that people who have diabetes and smoke need larger doses of insulin to control their blood glucose. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.


Question: Can nicotine affect blood sugar?

Answer: The chemical alters the way your body can use glucose, the sugar in your blood that fuels your cells. It could raise your odds of getting type 2 diabetes, and it can make your diabetes worse. On the flip side, nicotine may cause severe low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) for people who have diabetes and take insulin. When they can't, the glucose stays in your blood, and your blood sugar level goes up.


Question: Who develops cholesterol problems?

Answer: Most of your body's fat is triglycerides. Some families are genetically blessed with low total cholesterol or high levels of HDL ("good cholesterol"), regardless of diet or lifestyle. Other families inherit genes that increase their risk for high cholesterol. In these people, eating a diet high in saturated fat can significantly raise cholesterol levels. Stress can also raise blood cholesterol levels, especially since stress can lead to poor eating habits that may increase cholesterol intake.


Question: What are ejaculation disorders?

Answer: There are different types of ejaculation disorders, including: Premature ejaculation -- This refers to ejaculation that occurs before or very soon after penetration. Inhibited or retarded ejaculation -- This is when ejaculation is slow to occur. Retrograde ejaculation is common in males with diabetes who suffer from diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage). This is due to problems with the nerves in the bladder and the bladder neck that allow the ejaculate to flow backward and into the bladder.


Question: What is a sexual problem?

Answer: The sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Many men experience a sexual problem from time to time.


Question: What causes sexual problems?

Answer: These conditions include diabetes, heart and vascular (blood vessel) disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, the side effects of certain medications, including some antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual desire and function. Psychological causes: These include work-related stress and anxiety, concern about sexual performance, marital or relationship problems, depression, feelings of guilt, and the effects of a past sexual trauma. Reduced libido can result from physical or psychological factors. Many cases of male sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems.


Question: How common is sexual dysfunction?

Answer: Both men and women are affected by sexual problems. Increase communication with your partner.


Question: Can sexual problems be cured?

Answer: Sexual dysfunction can be a result of a physical or psychological condition. The outlook is good for dysfunction that is related to a treatable or reversible physical condition. However, when the problems are persistent, they can cause distress for the man and his partner, and have a negative impact on their relationship.


Question: How is male sexual dysfunction treated?

Answer: Sexual dysfunction can be a result of a physical or psychological condition. Treatment strategies may include the following: Medical treatment -- This involves treatment of any physical problem that may be contributing to a man's sexual dysfunction. Medications -- Medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), sildenafil ( Viagra) or vardenafil ( Levitra), may help improve sexual function in men by increasing blood flow to the penis. Promescent is a drug used to treat premature ejaculation. The topical spray is applied to the penis and contains lidocaine, reducing sensitivity and allowing for more ejaculation control. Hormones -- Men with low levels of testosterone may benefit from hormone supplementation (testosterone replacement therapy). Psychological therapy -- Therapy with a trained counselor can help a person address feelings of anxiety, fear, or guilt that may have an impact on sexual function. Mechanical aids -- Aids such as vacuum devices and penile implants may help men with erectile dysfunction. Education and communication -- Education about sex and sexual behaviors and responses may help a man overcome his anxieties about sexual performance. Open dialogue with your partner about your needs and concerns also helps to overcome many barriers to a healthy sex life.


Question: When is surgery used for stage IV colon cancer?

Answer: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. These treatments often can be used if your cancer has spread to the liver.


Question: What is radiation?

Answer: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.


Question: What are kinase inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients?

Answer: Kinase inhibitors. To get a targeted therapy, you will visit a hospital or medical center once every 2 to 3 weeks. You take some of these drugs through your vein, but one comes in the form of a pill.


Question: What are clinical trials for stage IV colon cancer patients?

Answer: There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.


Question: What is hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy?

Answer: You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery. Your doctor places a pump that delivers the chemo drug straight into your liver through an artery. Because the medicine doesn't go through your whole body -- just into your liver -- you can get a higher dose without having more side effects.


Question: What is the difference between ablation and cryotherapy?

Answer: Surgery sometimes can be used if the cancer has spread to your liver or lungs. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. A CT or ultrasound scan will help your surgeon guide a thin probe to the tumor. The probe delivers high-energy radio waves to heat the tumor or very cold gas to freeze it.


Question: How are nasal polyps treated?

Answer: They may come back, though. If you know you have that allergy, ask your doctor to check for nasal polyps. She'll use a nasal endoscope, which is a tool with a magnifying lens or camera that provides a detailed view of your nose and sinuses. In some cases, your doctor may order more tests or take a small sample (a biopsy) of the polyp. If you need treatment, you'll probably start with a nasal corticosteroid spray. In many cases, that can shrink or even get rid of nasal polyps. So you may need to keep using a corticosteroid spray and get checkups with a nasal endoscope every now and then. In general, medications such as antihistamines and decongestants aren't great at managing nasal polyps.


Question: What can you do to keep a healthy weight to manage diabetes?

Answer: So learning to relax is important in managing your diabetes. Exercise regularly.


Question: Can a pancreas transplantation cure diabetes?

Answer: But the reality is that there is no cure for diabetes -- neither type 1 diabetes nor type 2 diabetes. The more weight a person loses after surgery, the greater improvement in blood sugar control. Like anyone else who gets a transplant, the patient would need to take medicine for the rest of their life to help their body accept their new pancreas.


Question: What do you need to know about the cabbage soup diet?

Answer: But before you stock up on cabbage, know that this crash diet won't help you in the long run, and it doesn't give your body the nutrients it needs to stay healthy. A better bet is to aim to lose 1 to 2 pounds each week on a healthy, well-balanced diet. And if you follow the Cabbage Soup Diet for more than a week, you could run short on key nutrients.


Question: What are some drawbacks of the cabbage soup diet?

Answer: Limitations: Your menu options are severely limited on this diet. It gets very boring, very quickly. If you want to try it again, it's recommended that you wait 2 weeks first. You will need to make the cabbage soup and cook some of the vegetables recommended in the plan. Exercise: The cabbage soup diet doesn't include exercise, and working out at high levels isn't a great idea on such a low-calorie diet. Your body just won't have enough gas in the tank for exercise.


Question: What is diabetes and what are the different types?

Answer: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.


Question: What is the result of diabetes?

Answer: Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. Because high blood sugar levels in a mother are circulated through the placenta to the baby, gestational diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby's growth and development.


Question: What medical risks are associated with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Many of them stem from damage to the tiny blood vessels in your eyes (called diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and kidneys (diabetic nephropathy). Even more serious is the increased risk of heart disease and stroke. With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother.


Question: What do all types of diabetes have in common?

Answer: In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.


Question: What are other names for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: It used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes, because it often begins in childhood. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.


Question: Who is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to work overly hard to produce more insulin. But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal.


Question: Does gestational diabetes lead to other types of diabetes after pregnancy?

Answer: Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to some degree, leads to insulin resistance). Having gestational diabetes does, however, put mothers at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Up to 10% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after delivery to months or years later.


Question: What do all types of diabetes mellitus have in common?

Answer: But either the amount made isn't enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells resist it. In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.


Question: What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.


Question: How does the body fight free radicals to prevent cancer?

Answer: Antioxidants work by bolstering the body's defenses against potentially dangerous substances called free radicals. However antioxidants, such as selenium and beta-carotene, may help reinforce this protection. However, in clinical trials, neither of these agents has been shown to reduce cancer development. Studies have shown that antioxidants are best taken as foods as opposed to supplements. Some examples of antioxidants are carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein. Foods that are good sources of antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and certain types of tea.


Question: Should I pay attention to the labels when I buy food?

Answer: As with any prepared food you buy, read the labels on supplements to be sure you're getting what you want. Here are some tips: Be sure the product you buy is fresh: Check expiration dates. The bottle should be sealed for your protection. If it isn't, or if the seal is broken, don't buy it. Look for a reputable manufacturer as quality can vary widely. If you're prone to stomach upset, capsules may be a better choice than tablets, which are harder for your system to absorb. Avoid supplements containing fillers, ingredients used to bulk up products so they "look like more." These include wheat, corn, and dairy products, which could cause digestive or allergic problems for some people. If fish oil is listed as a source of omega-3 essential fatty acids, the label should state that it has been produced in a manner that eliminates contaminants, particularly mercury. The FDA does regulate dietary supplements, but treats them like food rather than medications; unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them. The FDA can get a supplement removed from the market, though. And supplement manufacturers must maintain certain standards (called GMP) that are similar to those for pharmaceutical makers.


Question: How can you get 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) naturally?

Answer: 5- HTP is an amino acid. 5- HTP supplements may raise levels of serotonin in the brain.


Question: What are benefits of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplements?

Answer: It is available as a supplement and is generally considered safe, although some contaminated supplements have caused dangerous side effects. 5- HTP supplements also seem to help with fibromyalgia symptoms. In some studies, it's eased pain, morning stiffness, and sleep problems. People take 5- HTP for other conditions, including insomnia, anxiety, and obesity. There's not enough evidence to know whether it works for these conditions.


Question: What is 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)?

Answer: 5- HTP is related to serotonin, a brain chemical that affects mood, sleep, and pain. It is available as a supplement and is generally considered safe, although some contaminated supplements have caused dangerous side effects. Your body makes 5- HTP from tryptophan, another amino acid.


Question: Who should not use 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) supplements?

Answer: Children and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take these supplements. Check with a doctor first if you take any other drugs, especially cough medicines, painkillers, or treatments for Parkinson's disease.