Question: Can cough drops help you child's cough?

Answer: Cough drops: For kids over age 5, lozenges and hard candy can bring some relief to a sore throat caused by coughing.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my child's cough?

Answer: But call the doctor if your child: Is not drinking or eating enough Makes a whooping sound when he breathes Runs a high fever Wheezes when he breathes Has a cough that lasts more than a month Doesn't look well to you Seek emergency help if your child: Coughs up blood Has blue lips, face, or tongue Has trouble breathing


Question: Can saline drops help my child's cough?

Answer: Saline drops: Saline or saltwater drops in the nose can help loosen congestion.


Question: Can steam and humidity help treat a child's cough?

Answer: Here are a few home remedies to try: Steam: You can create your own steam room. Close the door to your bathroom and run hot water in the shower for several minutes until the mirrors fog. The steam helps unclog your child's nose. Humidity: A cool-mist humidifier in your child's room adds moisture to the air to break up congestion and help your little one breathe easier.


Question: Can I give my child cough medicine?

Answer: Ask your doctor before giving your child any cough medicine. Don't give over-the-counter cough medicine to children younger than 4. They aren't meant for young kids. Even medicine labeled for children can have serious side effects, such as high blood pressure and seizures.


Question: Why does my child cough?

Answer: But if it's caused by a virus, antibiotics won't make it stop. Viral infections have to run their course. Those symptoms, body aches, and a fever often come with the flu. But call the doctor if your child: Is not drinking or eating enough Makes a whooping sound when he breathes Runs a high fever Wheezes when he breathes Has a cough that lasts more than a month Doesn't look well to you Seek emergency help if your child: Coughs up blood Has blue lips, face, or tongue Has trouble breathing


Question: What nutrients can help prevent osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Although no specific diet has been shown to prevent osteoarthritis, certain nutrients have been associated with a reduced risk of the disease or its severity. They include: Omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats reduce joint inflammation, while unhealthy fats can increase it. Good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish oil and certain plant/nut oils, including walnut, canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, and olive. Vitamin D. A handful of studies has shown that vitamin D supplements decreased knee pain in people with osteoarthritis. Your body makes most of the vitamin D it needs in response to sunlight. You can get more vitamin D in your diet by eating fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines, and herring; vitamin D-fortified milk and cereal; and eggs.


Question: How do I reduce osteoarthritis (OA) pain?

Answer: In addition, there are many treatments your doctor can recommend or prescribe. They range from over-the-counter pain relievers to injections of corticosteroids or other compounds and, eventually, surgery to replace the painful, damaged joint.


Question: What factors increase the chance of getting osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: By age 65, more than half of us will have X-ray evidence of osteoarthritis, a disease in which the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones at the joints breaks down and bony overgrowth occurs. For many, the result is stiffness and pain in the joint. Suffering a joint injury when you are young predisposes you to osteoarthritis in the same joint when you are older.


Question: What is a nebulizer?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A nebulizer changes medication from a liquid to a mist so that it can be more easily inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are particularly effective in delivering asthma medications to infants and small children and to anyone who has difficulty using an asthma inhaler. It is also convenient when a large dose of an inhaled medication is needed. Nebulized therapy is often called a "breathing treatment." And a variety of medications -- both for immediate relief and maintenance of asthma symptoms -- are available for use with a nebulizer. Nebulizers come in home (tabletop) and portable models.


Question: How do you take care of a nebulizer?

Answer: Every third day, after washing your equipment, disinfect the equipment using either a vinegar/water solution or the disinfectant solution your equipment supplier suggests. Storing Cover the compressor with a clean cloth when not in use. Keep it clean by wiping it with a clean, damp cloth as needed. Do not put the air compressor on the floor either for treatments or for storage. Replace or clean according to the directions from your equipment supplier.


Question: How do you get a nebulizer?

Answer: To obtain a nebulizer, you need a prescription from your doctor, or it can be dispensed from your pediatrician's office. Portable nebulizers usually cost a little more than home nebulizers. Both are usually covered under the durable medical equipment portion of health insurance policies. But, most insurance companies will require you to work with a specified durable medical equipment supplier.


Question: How can I avoid a latex allergy at work?

Answer: Use paper clips instead of rubber bands. Don't use erasers, either. Stay away from craft items like paint and rubber cement. If you work where people wear gloves -- cleaning, food service, or beauty work, for example -- ask to switch to latex-free products.


Question: How can I avoid a latex allergy at my doctor's office?

Answer: Call ahead before any appointment and tell them about your allergy. Set your appointment for the first thing in the morning. There's less chance that latex particles will be in the air then. Tell all doctors, nurses, and schedulers about your allergy . Everything from stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs to IV tubing can have latex.


Question: How can I avoid a latex allergy while at home?

Answer: Use non-latex gloves for cleaning, washing dishes, and other household chores. Check your clothes for elastic waistbands or rubber soles. Check your bathroom for latex condoms, rubber bath-mats, and rubber grips on toothbrushes. Don't use erasers, either. If you know you might have a serious allergic reaction , carry two epinephrine injections, like an Epi Pen. Watch what you eat. Some people with latex allergies have reactions to foods such as: Bananas Avocados Kiwis Chestnuts


Question: How can antibiotics help with Crohn's disease?

Answer: Researchers believe they might help control symptoms by reducing bacteria levels in your intestine and by curbing the intestine's immune system.


Question: What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin for Crohn's disease?

Answer: These side effects of ciprofloxacin are rare, but may include: Headache and severe dizziness Nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea Sensitivity to sun Rupture of a tendon (very rare) Confusion Depression Hallucinations Fast heartbeat You're also at greater risk for a severe type of colitis.


Question: What are common antibiotics used for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The most common ones used for Crohn's are: Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) Metronidazole ( Flagyl) Some people need to get antibiotics through a vein ( IV).


Question: What are abscesses, fistulas and pouchitis in relation to Crohn's disease?

Answer: These are pockets of pus that, in Crohn's, often form near the anus. Fistulas. These are abnormal tunnels that go from one part of your intestine to another or to nearby areas, such as the bladder, vagina, anus, or skin. Pouchitis. For some people, Crohn's disease is so severe that they need an operation to have their colon removed. The surgeon makes an internal pouch to hold solid waste before it leaves your body. If this area becomes inflamed -- known as "pouchitis" -- you'll need antibiotics for treatment.


Question: Can I drink alcohol while taking metronidazole for Crohn's?

Answer: It can interact with the drug to cause a rare but severe reaction. The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath.


Question: When should you not take ciprofloxacin for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Do not take ciprofloxacin within a couple of hours of taking: Antacids Vitamin or mineral supplements that contain calcium, iron, or zinc This combination can make the antibiotic less effective.


Question: What are possible side effects of ciprofloxacin for Crohn's?

Answer: These side effects of ciprofloxacin are rare, but may include: Headache and severe dizziness Nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea Sensitivity to sun Rupture of a tendon (very rare) Confusion Depression Hallucinations Fast heartbeat You're also at greater risk for a severe type of colitis. If you get it, you'll need treatment with another type of antibiotic.


Question: Are there precautions to take when taking antibiotics for Crohn's?

Answer: No matter which antibiotic you're taking: Let your doctor know if you're pregnant before starting the medication. Wear sunscreen during daylight hours. Know that antibiotics can make birth control pills less effective. Be aware that antibiotics can make bleeding more likely if you're also taking anticoagulants (drugs that curb blood clots).


Question: What are the most common medications for ADHD?

Answer: The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants. These include: Amphetamine ( Adzenys XR- ODT) Amphetamine/ Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine or Dextrostat) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) Some of these drugs may be available in longer-acting formulations.


Question: How do dosages differ in children who receive multimodal treatment of ADHD?

Answer: Children who receive multimodal treatment may need lower doses of medications compared to children only receiving medication.


Question: What combination of drugs in multimodal treatment of ADHD is most effective?

Answer: A multimodal plan is effective for most children. The particular therapy and medication, however, will vary depending on the individual child. Doctors, parents, and teachers need to work together to develop and administer the best treatment for each child and family.


Question: What is multimodal treatment of ADHD?

Answer: Multimodal treatment involves multiple methods of treatment that work together to help a child with ADHD. The main components of this approach are medications, behavioral therapy, and education.


Question: How is ADHD treated?

Answer: But research suggests that for many children, the best way to manage the symptoms is a multimodal approach.


Question: How many children have ADHD?

Answer: It affects an estimated 5.2 million school-age children in the U. S. Everyone, especially younger children, may have symptoms of ADHD from time to time.


Question: What are characteristics of ADHD?

Answer: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and the inability to control impulses.


Question: How do I know if my child has ADHD?

Answer: Or it could help a child complete homework.


Question: Why is a medical history and exam necessary for ADHD treatment?

Answer: A higher risk of strokes, heart attacks, and sudden death among patients with existing heart conditions has been linked to use of ADHD medications. An increased risk of psychiatric problems has also been linked to ADHD medications.


Question: What are the side effects of ADHD medicine?

Answer: Side effects of ADHD medicines can include: Anxiety Decreased appetite Fatigue Irritability Sleeping difficulties Skin discoloration (with patches) Upset stomach Most side effects are minor and improve with time. In some cases, doctors may lower a medication dosage to relieve side effects.


Question: How does multimodal treatment benefit children with ADHD?

Answer: It also was effective for those with anxiety and depression in addition to ADHD. Children who receive multimodal treatment may need lower doses of medications compared to children only receiving medication. A multimodal plan is effective for most children.


Question: What does education for parents of children with ADHD involve?

Answer: Educating parents about the disorder and its management is another important part of ADHD treatment. For parents, this may include learning parenting skills to help the child manage his or her behavior. That would involve skills such as giving positive feedback for desirable behaviors, ignoring undesirable behaviors, and giving time-outs when the child's behavior is out of control. In some cases, the child's entire family may be involved in this part of the treatment.


Question: What is the preferred treatment for ADHD in children?

Answer: Treatment guidelines call for behavior therapy as the preferred treatment for preschool children with ADHD. Medicine may be prescribed if further treatment is needed. For older children with ADHD, age 6 and older, an approach that includes both behavior therapy and medication is preferred.


Question: Will I have to try several medications before my child's ADHD symptoms disappear?

Answer: Non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD, include: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ER ( Intuniv) ADHD medications are used to improve children's ability to concentrate and work. Sometimes, a doctor must prescribe different medications or different dosages before finding the best treatment for a child. Doctors and parents need to carefully monitor children taking medications for ADHD.


Question: What does behavioral therapy of ADHD involve?

Answer: The main components of this approach are medications, behavioral therapy, and education. This may involve helping the child learn to organize time and activities. It may also involve helping the child control his or her impulses and responses to emotional stimuli.


Question: What happens when you get a bladder infection?

Answer: That causes the lining of the urethra to get thinner and may change the balance of bacteria in the vagina, making infections more likely. When men get them, a prostate infection usually is the cause.


Question: What causes bladder infections?

Answer: The main culprits are bacteria, usually E. coli. These bacteria live on your skin and in your intestines and most of the time, they're not a problem. Everyone has them.


Question: What causes bladder infections after menopause?

Answer: After menopause, women have less of the hormone estrogen. That causes the lining of the urethra to get thinner and may change the balance of bacteria in the vagina, making infections more likely.


Question: What causes bladder infections during pregnancy?

Answer: During pregnancy, the baby can press on your bladder, which prevents it from emptying completely and gives bacteria a place to thrive.


Question: What causes bladder infections in men?

Answer: When men get them, a prostate infection usually is the cause. But any blockage -- like from a bladder stone or enlarged prostate -- can prevent the bladder from totally emptying and cause infection.


Question: Who usually gets bladder infections?

Answer: Usually, the infections are more annoying than they are serious, and antibiotics are the treatment. But they can travel up the ureters to the kidneys and cause more severe problems, so it's important to treat them right away. Bladder infections are more common in women than men for several reasons.


Question: What makes bladder infections more common in women?

Answer: Women get bladder infections much more than men do. Having sex, wiping from back to front after you go to the bathroom, putting in a tampon, and using a diaphragm for birth control are all ways bacteria can get in. That causes the lining of the urethra to get thinner and may change the balance of bacteria in the vagina, making infections more likely.


Question: What can I do to help manage a pinched nerve in my elbow?

Answer: If you have surgery, physical therapy to regain your arm and hand strength will likely be advised. You might need a splint for a few weeks to help make sure the elbow heals properly. Ongoing care for your elbow should include steps to avoid injuring or irritating the nerve further. You should be careful to avoid trauma to your elbow. You may also need to learn, with occupational therapy, how to hold your arm differently, stretch, or take frequent breaks when doing everyday activities such as working on your computer.


Question: What health conditions are linked to panic attacks?

Answer: This is where you have a hard time controlling your worry, and you struggle to keep your anxiety in check. But one of the challenges with panic attacks, long or short, is that the same symptoms happen with a wide range of other health conditions, including allergic reactions and heart and lung diseases. And if you have a tendency to panic, some health problems -- like low blood sugar, asthma, or an overactive thyroid -- can trigger a full-blown panic attack.


Question: Why does my panic attack feel like it will never stop?

Answer: If you get a panic attack, it usually lasts 20 to 30 minutes, hitting its peak at about 10 minutes in. That's why panic attacks that last as long as an hour aren't very common. If that's happening to you, it's likely one of three things: Waves of panic attacks Aftereffects of a single panic attack Another health condition If you have panic attack symptoms for an hour or more, you may really be having a wave of panic attacks, one after another. The overall effect feels like you're being hit with one never-ending attack. The fight or flight response is so draining, it's hard to set it off that often.


Question: How can you tell a panic attack from high anxiety?

Answer: A more likely possibility is that you had a single panic attack that leaves you feeling generally anxious, tired, and frayed. It's tricky. A true panic attack tends to have clear, intense, physical symptoms -- a pounding heart, shortness of breath, and so on. Anxiety can give you some of these, but they tend to be milder. Instead, you'll have more mental symptoms like a racing mind, lots of worries you can't stop, and a hard time focusing. You might also feel restless and have a hard time sleeping.


Question: Why would a panic attack keep going?

Answer: So what's going on if it seems to you like your panic attack just won't end? If that's happening to you, it's likely one of three things: Waves of panic attacks Aftereffects of a single panic attack Another health condition If you have panic attack symptoms for an hour or more, you may really be having a wave of panic attacks, one after another.


Question: How often should I eat if I have gestational diabetes?

Answer: Have three small meals along with two or three snacks at about the same times every day.


Question: How can surgery help a grown man with undescended testicle?

Answer: If you're a grown man with an undescended testicle, surgery to correct it isn't likely to change your fertility level. But you will want to talk to your doctor about testicular cancer as an undescended testicle makes you a little more likely to get it. And since the undescended testicle isn't in the scrotum, it's not possible to do self-exams, which are key to finding cancerous lumps early.


Question: Whatâs an undescended testicle?

Answer: Normally, testicles move from the lower belly into the scrotum -- the pouch of skin below the penis -- in the last few months before birth. But sometimes, one or both do not fall into place. This is called an undescended testicle, and it can affect fertility later in life.


Question: Why is surgery on an undescended testicle called for at such an early age?

Answer: Now they recommend it at 6 to 12 months -- 18 months at the latest. Doctors now know that important changes in the testicles happen very early in life. By the time a boy is just 1 year old, an undescended testicle can start to lose the cells that make sperm. And the longer the testicle stays lodged, the higher the odds that the problem could get worse.


Question: What Is jaundice?

Answer: Newborn babies often get it. But adults can, too. Jaundice happens when there's too much bilirubin, a yellow-orange substance, in your blood. It's found in your red blood cells. When those cells die, the liver filters it from the bloodstream. But if something's wrong and your liver can't keep up, bilirubin builds up and can cause your skin to look yellow. But your doctor will treat the condition that's causing it.


Question: How is jaundice diagnosed?

Answer: Jaundice happens when there's too much bilirubin, a yellow-orange substance, in your blood. If you have jaundice, your level of bilirubin will be high. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and medical history. She may also give you a physical exam and order tests to check your liver. And she'll do more tests, including imaging tests to find out what caused it.


Question: Whoy do adults get jaundice?

Answer: But adults can, too. Some of these include: Hepatitis: Most of the time, this infection is caused by a virus. Pancreatic cancer: This is the 10th most common cancer in men and the ninth in women.


Question: Can genes play a role in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Answer: Since not everyone with a history of brain trauma gets CTE, some researchers think other things, like genetics, may play a role. But head impacts are the only proven cause.


Question: What are symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Answer: You may have: Memory loss Confusion Impulsive or erratic behavior Bad judgment Aggression Depression Paranoia Dementia These conditions usually begin years, sometimes decades, after your last brain injury or when you stopped playing. Some symptoms are similar to those seen in people with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, which makes it hard to diagnose. Let your doctor know about any head injuries you've had, no matter how long ago, and when your symptoms started.


Question: How can kids and athletes prevent concussions?

Answer: Let your doctor know about any head injuries you've had, no matter how long ago, and when your symptoms started.


Question: How soon can chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) be diagnosed?

Answer: Researchers are developing tests to diagnose CTE earlier. There have already been breakthroughs in tau imaging, and scientists have learned a lot about the condition. Their work may lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.


Question: Is tau bad for you?

Answer: The clumped tau also spreads to other cells and makes it harder for the brain to work. This is CTE. Make sure all gear is worn properly.


Question: What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Answer: Doctors first identified it under a different name in the 1920s in aging boxers. CTE results from cumulative damage and usually happens years later. When you've had repeated blows to the head, including concussions, they set off a slow series of events that may lead to brain problems. But people who play or have played contact sports face the highest risk.


Question: What severe reactions can I get from anesthesia during surgery?

Answer: Severe reactions to anesthesia are rare, but they do happen. For some people, confusion and memory loss can last as long as a week. And certain people are at greater risk of long-term memory loss. Talk to your doctor about these risks if you have: Heart disease Alzheimer's Parkinson's Lung disease A past stroke Anesthesia hampers your normal breathing and stifles your urge to cough.


Question: What is a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and how does it appear after a surgery?

Answer: Deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) can be a problem especially after hip or leg surgery. It's a blood clot in a vein deep inside your thigh or belly. It may make your leg swollen, red, and painful, or it may not cause any symptoms at all.


Question: What happens to my muscles after surgery?

Answer: It doesn't seem like your muscles would weaken after a few days of resting in bed, but they can. Even young, healthy adults lose about 1% of their muscles on a day of complete bed rest. For older adults, it's up to 5% every day. The weaker you are, the longer it will take you to recover completely. So sit up and move when you can. Get out of bed as soon as it's safe to. Eat nutritious foods to help you heal and keep your energy up.


Question: What does it mean if I have pain after my surgery?

Answer: Nearly everyone has some pain after surgery. How much will depend on what type of procedure you've had and how healthy you were before you went into the operating room. Many procedures now are less "invasive" -- in the end, it hurts less and you recover faster. And there are plenty of options for managing your pain. Don't tough it out. Talk to your doctor before your surgery about your options and what's best for you. When your pain is well-controlled, you'll be more willing to move again, and that's key to getting back to your daily routine. You'll also be also less likely to have complications like blood clots or pneumonia.


Question: How can I prevent infection of my wounds after surgery?

Answer: Watch out for: Redness and swelling around the cut Fluid or pus draining from the wound Fever Generally, fewer than 3 people out of 100 will get an infection after surgery. But your chances go up if you're older, you smoke, you're overweight, or you have diabetes or other medical issues. The risk is also higher with an emergency operation or a surgery that lasts more than a couple of hours. Your doctors, nurses, and other health-care providers should clean their hands and all tools and devices they use thoroughly. While you're recovering, carefully follow your doctor's instructions for caring for your cut. Wash your hands before you do. When friends and family come to visit, ask them to clean their hands, too, with soap and water or hand sanitizer.


Question: What are common complaints from anesthesia after having  a surgery?

Answer: When you wake up from "being under," you won't be feeling your best. Common complaints include: Being queasy Confusion Chills Itching Sore throat These symptoms usually don't last long.


Question: What are things that I should watch out with my surgical cut after surgery?

Answer: Most of them are minor, affecting just the skin around the surgical cut. They slow the healing process. But sometimes one can become severe and even life-threatening. Watch out for: Redness and swelling around the cut Fluid or pus draining from the wound Fever Generally, fewer than 3 people out of 100 will get an infection after surgery.


Question: What breathing problems from anesthesia can I have after surgery?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about these risks if you have: Heart disease Alzheimer's Parkinson's Lung disease A past stroke Anesthesia hampers your normal breathing and stifles your urge to cough. After chest or abdominal surgery, it could hurt to breathe in deeply or push air out. Mucus may build up in your lungs. You may not have any symptoms. But if a large part of your lung collapses or stops inflating, it can cause: Shortness of breath Rapid breathing and heart rate Blue lips or skin To prevent a collapsed lung, your doctor may have you use a device called an incentive spirometer.


Question: How do I prevent a collapsed lung after surgery?

Answer: But if a large part of your lung collapses or stops inflating, it can cause: Shortness of breath Rapid breathing and heart rate Blue lips or skin To prevent a collapsed lung, your doctor may have you use a device called an incentive spirometer. It measures your breathing and helps you practice taking slow, deep breaths. Get up and move around as soon as you can after surgery. Try to cough to help clear fluid from your lungs and let them re-inflate.


Question: What are the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and how do I avoid it after surgery?

Answer: Get up and move around as soon as you can after surgery. It's a blood clot in a vein deep inside your thigh or belly. DVT can be dangerous because if the clot breaks free, it can travel to your lungs and block blood flow. This is called a pulmonary embolism. Symptoms include: Sudden shortness of breath Coughing Chest pain Often, these are the first signs you'll have of trouble, and it's a medical emergency. Even simple leg lifts in bed can boost your circulation and lower your chances of DVT.


Question: What are some problems with using the bathroom after a surgery?

Answer: And there are plenty of options for managing your pain. You'll also be also less likely to have complications like blood clots or pneumonia. Some types of anesthesia can make it hard for you to pee. If you feel like you need to go but can't, your doctor may have to put a small tube called a catheter into your urethra to help you empty your bladder. Get up and move around when your doctor says it's OK. Eat nutritious foods to help you heal and keep your energy up.


Question: What is sclerodactyly?

Answer: Sclerodactyly - Tightness and thickening of finger or toe skin. It can make it hard to bend your fingers.


Question: What is Raynaud's phenomenon?

Answer: Raynaud's phenomenon -- White or cold skin on the hands and feet when you're cold or stressed. It's caused by blood flow problems.


Question: What causes esophageal dysfunction in CREST syndrome?

Answer: This is caused by scarring in the esophagus, the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach.


Question: What is calcinosis?

Answer: People with this form of the disease have at least two of the symptoms below: Calcinosis -- Painful lumps of calcium in the skin. These can happen on your fingers or other parts of your body.


Question: What is telangiectasias from CREST syndrome?

Answer: Telangiectasias -- Red spots on the hands, palms, forearms, face, and lips. These are caused by widened blood vessels.


Question: What are the symptoms of ear problems in cats?

Answer: Symptoms of ear problems in cats include pawing at the ears, sensitivity to touch, a large amount of cream colored, orange, dark brown, or black wax; hearing loss; head tilting or shaking; and loss of balance.


Question: How can you prevent ear problems in cats?

Answer: To help your cat’s ears stay perky and pest-free, check inside her ears regularly for signs of wax buildup, inflammation, or odor. If you notice a problem, it’s time to talk to your veterinarian. Cat’s ears are expressive, beautiful -- and very fragile. To avoid damaging the ear drum or packing wax deep into the ear, never insert anything into your cat’s ears or use over-the-counter medication unless your vet has shown you the proper way to do so. It’s easy to interpret a cat’s ear discharge as mites when it’s something else, or to leave a mild infection untreated until it becomes serious or chronic. Don’t leave your cat’s comfort to guesswork -- always talk to your vet when you suspect ear problems.


Question: What are some common causes of cat ear discharge?

Answer: The most common causes of ear discharge in cats include: Ear mites . An ear mite infestation can get so bad, that along with a lot of head shaking, your cat may scratch hard enough to create bloody sores; an ear infection may result. Ear infections . Ear infections are not only extremely uncomfortable for your cat, but if left untreated they can lead to permanent deafness or a need for surgery. Other causes . Ear discharge in cats may result from other problems, including food or inhalant allergies, wax buildup, tumors, polyps, drug reactions, a hereditary condition, or immune system issues.


Question: How are ear mites in cats treated?

Answer: So tiny you usually need a microscope to see them, ear mites are the most common cause of cat ear problems, and they can be very irritating to your cat. An ear mite infestation can get so bad, that along with a lot of head shaking, your cat may scratch hard enough to create bloody sores; an ear infection may result. Depending on what your veterinarian finds, treatment for your cat’s ear discharge might include: Treating cat ear mites .


Question: How are ear infections in cats treated?

Answer: Ear infections in cats can be caused by many things, including bacteria, yeast, even a piece of debris caught in her ear canal. Depending on what your veterinarian finds, treatment for your cat’s ear discharge might include: Treating cat ear mites .


Question: Do antidepressants help treat hot flashes?

Answer: Antidepressants : Studies show antidepressants like Prozac and Effexor reduce hot flashes. One study found that venlafaxine, the main ingredient in Effexor, reduced hot flashes and night sweats by 48%. The results were similar to those for low-dose estrogen but without the risks.


Question: How will I know when to stop taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause?

Answer: Several years of treatment is usually enough to relieve symptoms. So if you've been on HRT for more than 5 years, talk with your doctor about tapering off. But you should remember that after stopping, you can expect the hot flushes to return.


Question: What are bio-identical estrogen patches, creams, or vaginal rings for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Answer: Bio-identical estrogen patches, creams, or vaginal rings: These forms of estrogen are similar to what the body makes. Unlike a pill, they enter the body through the skin or walls of the vagina. In this way, they bypass the liver, reducing the risk of serious blood clots or gallbladder disease.


Question: Do women take menopausal hormone replacement therapy to help prevent heart disease or osteoporosis?

Answer: HRT and Heart Disease: Doctors no longer prescribe hormones to manage heart disease or other chronic conditions like osteoporosis.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help you manage menopause symptoms besides taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Answer: Lifestyle changes: Here are some other ways to cope with menopause symptoms: Dress in layers so you can remove clothes as needed. Avoid hot and spicy foods and beverages. Use cotton sheets, and wear clothes that allow your skin to breathe. Limit caffeine and alcohol. Use relaxation techniques such as yoga. Don't smoke. Get regular exercise. Don't forget to check with your doctor.


Question: How risky is radon for causing lung cancer?

Answer: To put the risks of radon in perspective, about 21,000 people die each year from lung cancer related to radon. It's a serious home hazard, since it kills more people than falls in the home, drownings, and house fires. And keep in mind that smoking and radon are a bad combination. If you smoke and live in a home with high radon levels, your risk of getting lung cancer is especially high.


Question: How can you prevent back pain?

Answer: Try sleeping on your side, with a medium-firm mattress.


Question: What besides pain are symptoms of back problems?

Answer: Back pain -- whether a dull ache or shooting -- is just one sign that something's going on with your back. You may also have feelings in your legs or arms: Radiating pain Numbness Tingling Weakness Uncontrolled peeing or pooping could mean a serious problem like spinal cord compression. Call your doctor right away.


Question: When should you see your doctor about back pain?

Answer: You should see a doctor: After you get hurt, like in a fall or accident When the pain gets in the way of your daily activities If it lasts longer than 6 weeks, or spreads During your exam, your doctor will test your range of motion -- unless you can't move -- and check how well your nerves are working.


Question: How do you treat back pain?

Answer: It curves back at your shoulders and inward at your neck and small of your back. A physical therapist can work with you to design a set of exercises, give you relief from the pain, and get you moving again. Over-the-counter pain relievers, ice, and heat will work to take the edge off most back pain. If a bone is damaged, or you have a herniated disk or pinched nerve, you may need surgery. But for ongoing back pain, doctors will try other treatments first. Exercise!


Question: What causes knee pain?

Answer: Probably 95% of knee pain caused by arthritis is osteoarthritis, which is caused by âwear and tearâ on the joints. Other types, like rheumatoid arthritis, are much less common causes of knee pain. What kind of injuries can cause knee pain? They're usually twisting injuries to the knee: ACL, meniscus, or ligament injuries.


Question: When do I need to see a doctor about my knee pain?

Answer: If you've an injury and your knee swells, you need to see your doctor. Even if the swelling goes away, you need to have your knee examined -- you might have injured something inside the joint. If you have arthritis pain and the bad days outnumber the good, you should see your doctor.


Question: How long will my knee pain last?

Answer: It depends. Arthritis pain tends to wax and wane over time. It may not completely go away, but sometimes it feels much better. Pain from an injury improves at first, but if you're left with a sore joint, you may not be able to do certain activities. Just a millisecond or two of delay of muscle function can cause injury.


Question: What is RxHope?

Answer: Rx Hope: A web-based resource where you can search by medication to locate assistance programs. They also offer help with the application process.


Question: What is the treatment for a small outbreak of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Small, local outbreak: Your doctor may try a topical steroid cream first to treat the sores. Coal tar or salicylic acid creams can help with scaly skin. You'll slather on lotions to soothe and prevent cracked skin. Then you'll slip on cotton gloves or socks to hold the moisture in. PPP and acropustulosis outbreaks can be stubborn. Your doctor may try ultraviolet light treatments on the inflamed skin. This is called phototherapy. Oral drugs like methotrexate or cyclosporine may help calm down your immune system. Acitretin ( Soriatane) is another drug that can slow skin outbreaks. It's a retinoid, or a synthetic form of vitamin A.


Question: What causes and triggers pustular psoriasis?

Answer: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease. Your immune system usually sends white blood cells to fight off disease in your body. But in this case, they attack your own skin by mistake. A few things can trigger psoriasis flares: Medications, such as steroids Something that irritates your skin, like a topical cream or harsh skincare product Too much sunlight Stress Pregnancy A mutation, or change, in a specific gene may make you more likely to get pustular psoriasis. If you have this gene, one of those triggers could set off a flare.


Question: How is pustular psoriasis diagnosed?

Answer: You'll see a dermatologist (skin doctor) who will ask about your symptoms, your medical history, and any family history of psoriasis. She may need to take a small sample of your inflamed skin to look at under a microscope. That's called a biopsy.


Question: What is the goal of treatment in pustular psoriasis?

Answer: The goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms and control outbreaks. What you take may depend on your type of pustular psoriasis.


Question: Will I need a C-section if I have Crohn's disease?

Answer: You can have a healthy pregnancy and delivery even if you have Crohn's disease.


Question: Can you continue taking Crohn's medications while pregnant?

Answer: Make sure your doctors are aware of all the medications you are taking. If you're on a drug treatment plan that works for you, they may suggest you stay on it, but they may also suggest some changes to keep you and your baby safe.


Question: Can you breastfeed your baby if you have Crohn's disease and are on medication for it?

Answer: If you are thinking about having surgery, talk to your doctor. You may want to put off surgery until after your pregnancy. When you're pregnant, have regular visits with both your OB- GYN and your gastroenterologist to monitor your baby's health and your Crohn's.


Question: What tests are not considered as safe for Crohn's during pregnancy?

Answer: It's considered safe to have a flexible sigmoidoscopy, where a tube with a camera is placed in your colon to look for any problems. It is probably not a good idea to have a colonoscopy. The tests take a long time and patients usually get drugs to put them to sleep. You should also avoid X-rays and CT scans if possible. The radiation isn't good for a developing baby.


Question: Should you wait until you are in Crohn's remission before becoming pregnant?

Answer: You can have a healthy pregnancy and delivery even if you have Crohn's disease. Talk to both your OB- GYN and your gastroenterologist. It is probably not a good idea to have a colonoscopy.


Question: If you have Crohn's disease, what should you ask your doctor before you try to get pregnant?

Answer: If you take methotrexate, your doctor will suggest you stop before your pregnancy. If you've had surgery for Crohn's you can still have a healthy pregnancy, but it may be harder to get pregnant.


Question: What monitoring tests for Crohn's are considered safe during pregnancy?

Answer: If you're thinking about becoming pregnant, it's a good idea to make sure your Crohn's is in remission first. Ultrasounds, MRIs, and fetal monitoring devices are considered safe. If you are on steroids or have moderate to severe flares while pregnant, you may have frequent ultrasounds to check on your baby's growth. X-rays and CT scans may be necessary during pregnancy. To limit radiation exposure, abdominal shielding can be used.


Question: Can you have a healthy pregnancy with Crohn's disease?

Answer: If you've had surgery for Crohn's you can still have a healthy pregnancy, but it may be harder to get pregnant. When you're pregnant, have regular visits with both your OB- GYN and your gastroenterologist to monitor your baby's health and your Crohn's.


Question: What food preservatives can trigger asthma?

Answer: Additives, such as sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite, are commonly used in food processing or preparation and may be found in foods such as: Dried fruits or vegetables Potatoes (packaged and some prepared) Wine and beer Bottled lime or lemon juice Shrimp (fresh, frozen, or prepared) Pickled foods If you suspect that certain foods may be the cause of your asthma, discuss this with your doctor.


Question: Should I get allergy shots if I have asthma?

Answer: Consider Allergy Shots You can train your immune system to not overreact to allergy triggers. Doctors do this by giving you allergy shots (immunotherapy) for asthma. An allergy shot is a small amount of the substance that causes your allergy. By giving repeated shots of the substance over a period of time, your immune system eventually stops causing the allergic reaction. Ask your doctor if you are a candidate for allergy shots for preventing asthma.


Question: How does weather affect the prevalence of colds?

Answer: Seasonal changes in relative humidity also may affect the prevalence of colds. The most common cold-causing viruses survive better when humidity is low-the colder months of the year. Cold weather also may make the inside lining of your nose drier and more vulnerable to viral infection.


Question: How often do children get the common cold and why?

Answer: Children have about 6 to 10 colds a year. One important reason why colds are so common in children is because they are often in close contact with each other in daycare centers and schools. In families with children in school, the number of colds per child can be as high as 12 a year.


Question: What is the common cold?

Answer: Although the common cold is usually mild, with symptoms lasting 1 to 2 weeks, it is a leading cause of doctor visits and missed days from school and work. The most common cold-causing viruses survive better when humidity is low-the colder months of the year. Cold weather also may make the inside lining of your nose drier and more vulnerable to viral infection.


Question: Are nasal steroid sprays dangerous?

Answer: Nasal steroid sprays are not the anabolic steroids some athletes take to bulk up their muscles. Rather, they are corticosteroids, which are man-made drugs that are nearly the same as a chemical, called cortisol, that your body makes naturally. They are some of the most effective medicines for treating allergy symptoms and often recommended first. You spray these steroids directly in your nose. So, most allergy experts feel there is little if any chance of serious side effects on other parts of your body. Mild side effects are rare, but irritation, headache, and a bloody nose can happen.


Question: Is lack of focus a sign of ADHD?

Answer: Everyone misplaces car keys or jackets once in a while. But this kind of thing happens often when you have ADHD.


Question: Is it common for people with ADHD to have problems starting or finishing projects?

Answer: Problems with attention and memory can make it tough to start or finish projects, especially ones that you know will take a lot of focus to complete. This symptom can point to depression, too.


Question: Is lack of attention or focus common in people with ADHD?

Answer: Problems with attention, especially focusing for long periods of time or paying attention to details, is one of the hallmarks of the condition. Depression, anxiety, and addiction disorders can also take a toll on your focus, and many people with ADHD have one or more of these issues, too. Your doctor can ask you questions to get to the bottom of what's causing your attention problems.


Question: Is lack of concentration a sign of ADHD?

Answer: Problems with attention, especially focusing for long periods of time or paying attention to details, is one of the hallmarks of the condition. Depression, anxiety, and addiction disorders can also take a toll on your focus, and many people with ADHD have one or more of these issues, too. Your doctor can ask you questions to get to the bottom of what's causing your attention problems.


Question: What should I do if I think I might have ADHD?

Answer: That's because the disorder has a number of possible symptoms, and they can easily be confused with those of other conditions, like depression or anxiety. Problems with attention, especially focusing for long periods of time or paying attention to details, is one of the hallmarks of the condition.


Question: Is it possible to have ADHD as an adult if I never had it as a child?

Answer: You need to have had attention and concentration problems as a child in order to be diagnosed with ADHD as an adult -- even if those early symptoms didn't come with a formal diagnosis. People may have accused you of being lazy back in childhood. If you actually were diagnosed with the disorder as a child, you may still have it. In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, you need to have several symptoms, not just one or two.


Question: How can you diagnose ADHD?

Answer: This happens often and to a greater degree with ADHD, even when there are no distractions around. Instead, doctors and psychologists get information about what and how many symptoms you have, when they started, how long they've lasted, and how severe they are. In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, you need to have several symptoms, not just one or two. And they have to have affected your jobs, relationships, or other important areas of your life. Your doctor will also want to rule out other conditions or find out if you have more than one disorder. Several treatments can help you manage the condition. So if you answered yes to a lot of these questions, consider making an appointment with your doctor. The sooner you find out, the sooner you can start treatment.


Question: Are unfinished projects a sign of ADHD?

Answer: Problems with attention, especially focusing for long periods of time or paying attention to details, is one of the hallmarks of the condition. This symptom can point to depression, too.


Question: Is forgetfulness a sign of ADHD?

Answer: You might spend time looking for glasses, wallets, phones, and other items every day. You may also forget to return phone calls, space out on paying bills, or miss medical appointments. Most of us lose focus on a conversation once in a while, especially if there's a TV nearby or something else grabs our attention. This happens often and to a greater degree with ADHD, even when there are no distractions around.


Question: Are behavioral issues as a child a sign of ADHD?

Answer: That's because the disorder has a number of possible symptoms, and they can easily be confused with those of other conditions, like depression or anxiety. You need to have had attention and concentration problems as a child in order to be diagnosed with ADHD as an adult -- even if those early symptoms didn't come with a formal diagnosis. If you actually were diagnosed with the disorder as a child, you may still have it. In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, you need to have several symptoms, not just one or two.


Question: Is lateness a sign of ADHD?

Answer: Most of us lose focus on a conversation once in a while, especially if there's a TV nearby or something else grabs our attention. Time management is an ongoing challenge when you have ADHD. It often leads to missed deadlines or appointments unless you work on avoiding that.


Question: How do you know if you have ADHD?

Answer: That's because the disorder has a number of possible symptoms, and they can easily be confused with those of other conditions, like depression or anxiety. Problems with attention, especially focusing for long periods of time or paying attention to details, is one of the hallmarks of the condition.


Question: Is tardiness common in people with ADHD?

Answer: But this kind of thing happens often when you have ADHD. It often leads to missed deadlines or appointments unless you work on avoiding that.


Question: How often will you have flare-ups of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: HS can be unpredictable. You may have a flare-up every few weeks, or you may go months with clear skin. Some women find they have breakouts before their periods. They may go away while you're pregnant or breastfeeding. There's no sure way to prevent breakouts. But they may not come back as often or be as bad if you follow your treatment plan, take any medication your doctor prescribes, and make some changes to your lifestyle.


Question: What conditions are linked with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: HS is called a progressive disease. But it may be that whatever causes HS leads to other problems, too. It's rare, but people who have HS for a long time may be more likely to get a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.


Question: Does a cold compress help if you have eczema?

Answer: When your itching feels out of control, put a cold compress right on your skin. If your eczema is severe, after you've put on lotion or medicine, make a wet wrap by soaking a gauze or piece of soft clothing, like a T-shirt or pair of socks, in warm -- not hot -- water. Wet wraps help your skin absorb medicine and moisture. They also relieve itching and pain. Once they're dry, you'll want to either make them wet again or remove them.


Question: How can skipping long, hot showers relieve moderate to severe eczema?

Answer: Very hot water will dry your skin and make your symptoms worse. Take lukewarm showers or baths instead. Use mild, perfume-free soap or non-soap cleanser, and avoid bubble baths. When you're done, gently towel off your skin -- don't rub -- until it's partly dry. Then, within 3 minutes, put on a moisturizer. If your doctor has prescribed an eczema cream, apply that to your skin first.


Question: Does stress make eczema worse?

Answer: Stay calm. Angst and stress can make you itch and scratch even more. Look for ways to ease your mind. Talk with friends, try a yoga class, or learn how to meditate. Asking a loved one to give you a quick massage with a moisturizing cream or oil may help, too.


Question: Do temperature changes affect eczema?

Answer: Avoid drastic temperature changes. Going from a hot room into a chilly one may cause a flare-up. Try to keep your home at a comfortable, consistent temperature. Low humidity can dry your skin. Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air.


Question: How can staying moisturized relieve moderate to severe eczema?

Answer: Petroleum jelly and mineral oil work well. Put it on your skin at least twice a day to keep your eczema at bay. Low humidity can dry your skin. Take lukewarm showers or baths instead. Wet wraps help your skin absorb medicine and moisture.


Question: Does vitamin D ease eczema?

Answer: If your doctor has prescribed an eczema cream, apply that to your skin first. Check to see what supplement you can try for a boost.


Question: Do antihistamines help treat eczema?

Answer: Cetirizine ( Zyrtec) and loratadine ( Claritin) are non-drowsy options that may help you feel better during the day. Stay calm.


Question: How can keeping your house clean relieve moderate to severe eczema?

Answer: Allergens like dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mold put your immune system on alert, which can wake up your eczema. That's especially helpful when you're working out because you're likely to sweat.


Question: Are there over-the-counter medications I can take with my PERT to help lower my stomach acid?

Answer: You may also take drugs to lower stomach acid along with your PERT. Your doctor can prescribe these, and they're also available over the counter: Proton pump inhibitors like esomeprazole ( Nexium) or omeprazole H2 blockers like cimetidine ( Tagamet, Topcare), famotidine, or ranitidine Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help you manage pain.


Question: How is cystic fibrosis treated if you have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: You can also eat a high-calorie, high-fat diet or take supplements to get the nutrition you need. If you have cystic fibrosis and EPI, you may also get diabetes. Keep your blood sugar levels under control, and take insulin or other medications if your doctor prescribes them.


Question: How can surgery help treat EPI?

Answer: Surgery can open ducts that are clogged or blocked by gallstones, and decompression can widen a main pancreatic duct that's too narrow.


Question: How are high triglyceride levels treated?

Answer: Your doctor should check on whether you do, and if so, help you get both your diabetes and your triglycerides under control. High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease.


Question: Do high triglyceride levels affect your liver?

Answer: High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease. Poor eating habits lead not only to high levels of fat in the bloodstream (triglycerides) but increased storage of fat throughout the body, including in the liver. Elevations in liver function tests (like ALT and AST) can indicate that fatty liver is present. Fatty liver usually does not cause symptoms, but unless reversed, fatty liver can lead to permanent liver damage and cirrhosis.


Question: Can high triglyceride levels cause diabetes?

Answer: Having high triglycerides could be a sign that you're becoming insulin-resistant, which means your body isn't using insulin (a hormone that controls blood sugar) properly. When insulin doesn't do its job, glucose can't get into your cells. That raises your blood sugar levels, which can lead to pre-diabetes and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. Having diabetes makes you much more likely to have a heart attack and other heart problems, in addition to the risk from your high triglycerides.


Question: What should I know about high triglyceride levels?

Answer: When your triglyceride levels are too high, you may not have symptoms. If you already know that your triglyceride levels are too high, the actions you take now might even save your life. Having diabetes makes you much more likely to have a heart attack and other heart problems, in addition to the risk from your high triglycerides. To manage it well, you may need to track everything you eat, test your blood sugar, exercise, lose extra weight, take medication as directed, and keep up with your medical appointments. Your doctor should check on whether you do, and if so, help you get both your diabetes and your triglycerides under control.


Question: How do men with prostate cancer get chemotherapy?

Answer: Generally, chemotherapy drugs are given intravenously (directly into the vein) or by mouth. Once the drugs are absorbed, they enter the bloodstream and travel to virtually all parts of the body to reach cancer cells that may have spread beyond the prostate.


Question: When should I call my doctor about shingles?

Answer: You suspect an outbreak is beginning. If you take antiviral drugs in the early stages, you may shorten the course of the infection. You have the rash anywhere on your face. This puts you at risk of herpes zoster in the eye, which can lead to corneal damage and vision problems. The affected area becomes secondarily infected with bacteria (indicated by spreading redness, swelling, a high fever, and pus); antibiotics can help halt the spread of bacterial infection but not the shingles itself. Your rash lasts longer than 10 days without improvement. The pain becomes too great to bear; your doctor may prescribe stronger painkillers or a nerve block. You have shingles and are in contact with someone who has a weakened immune system. You develop any strange symptoms with the shingles rash, such as vertigo, buzzing in your ears, rapid onset weakness, double vision, face droop, or confusion.


Question: Does exercise prevent acne?

Answer: When you exercise, avoid wearing clothing or using exercise equipment that rubs your skin and may cause irritation. Shower or bathe right after exercise.


Question: Does what you eat and drink cause acne?

Answer: Most experts agree that certain foods, like chocolate, don't cause pimples. Still, it makes sense to avoid greasy food and junk food and add more fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains to your diet. Dairy products and foods high in processed sugar may trigger acne. Avoid these.


Question: How can keeping your hands off your face help prevent acne?

Answer: Avoid touching your face or propping your cheek or chin on your hands. Not only can you spread bacteria, you can also irritate the already inflamed facial skin. Never pick or pop pimples with your fingers, as it can lead to infection and scarring.


Question: How can reducing the use of makeup help prevent acne?

Answer: During a breakout, avoid wearing foundation, powder, or blush. If you do wear makeup, wash it off at the end of the day. If possible, choose oil-free cosmetics without added dyes and chemicals. Choose makeup that is labeled as "noncomedogenic," meaning it should not cause acne. Read the ingredients list on the product label before buying.


Question: How can moisturizing your face help prevent acne?

Answer: There are moisturizers made for oily, dry, or combination skin. Use these products with caution if you have sensitive skin. Look for "noncomedogenic" on the sunscreen label to make new pimples less likely.


Question: Do hair products cause acne?

Answer: If they get on your face, they can block your skin's pores and irritate your skin. Use a gentle shampoo and conditioner. Oily hair can add to the oil on your face, so wash your hair often, especially if you're breaking out. Got long hair? Keep it pulled away from your face. Avoid touching your face or propping your cheek or chin on your hands.


Question: Does stress cause acne?

Answer: Look for "noncomedogenic" on the label, which means it should not cause acne. Watch what you put on your hair. Stay out of the sun. Some acne medications may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.


Question: What over-the-counter acne products help prevent acne?

Answer: They may cause drying or peeling so start with a small amount at first. Then you can adjust how much you use and how often. Another option is a new OTC topical retinoid gel ( Differin 0.1% gel). It works to actually keep the acne from forming. Use these products with caution if you have sensitive skin. Read the ingredients list on the product label before buying. Avoid these.


Question: How can keeping your face clean help prevent acne?

Answer: Washing more often than twice daily is not necessarily better; it may do more harm than good. Use warm, not hot, water and a mild facial cleanser. Using a harsh soap (like deodorant body soap) can hurt already inflamed skin and cause more irritation. Oily hair can add to the oil on your face, so wash your hair often, especially if you're breaking out.


Question: What are questions that my doctor might ask to diagnose exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: For instance, you could develop a bleeding disorder if you're not getting enough vitamin K. Or you could get bone pain if you don't get enough vitamin D. Your doctor may diagnose your condition by checking your symptoms. He may ask you questions such as: Do you have pain in your upper belly? Have you had bad-smelling bowel movements that are oily and hard to flush down the toilet? Do you have gas or diarrhea? Have you lost weight?


Question: What is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: Apart from a healthy diet, the main treatment for EPI is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy ( PERT). You take prescription pills that replace the enzymes your pancreas isn't making. These enzymes break down your food so you can more easily digest and absorb it. You have to take them during your meals. If you take them before you eat, the replacement enzymes may move through your stomach before your food gets there.


Question: What inherited diseases can lead to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: You have one of these inherited diseases: Cystic fibrosis Shwachman- Diamond syndrome If you have cystic fibrosis, your body makes unusually thick and sticky mucus. Crohn's disease and celiac disease can also lead to EPI in some people.


Question: What is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?

Answer: Your pancreas doesn't make enough of the enzymes that your body needs to break down and absorb nutrients. Damage to your pancreas causes EPI.


Question: How important is a balanced diet in managing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer: Apart from a healthy diet, the main treatment for EPI is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy ( PERT). A dietitian can help you choose the foods that keep your energy level up and give you the nutrition you need. Here are a few tips: Eat six small meals per day. Don't drink. Alcohol can make it even harder for your body to absorb fat, and can damage your pancreas over time. Take vitamins.


Question: How do you get warmth back to someone with frostbite?

Answer: Unless absolutely necessary, the person should not walk on frostbitten toes or feet. Do not rewarm the skin until you can keep it warm. Warming and then re-exposing the frostbitten area to cold air can cause worse damage. Gently warm the area in warm water (not hot) or with wet heat until the skin appears red and warm. If no water is nearby, breathe on the area through cupped hands and hold it next to your body. Do not use direct heat from heating pads, radiator, or fires. Do not rub or massage the skin or break blisters.


Question: What is the follow-up care for frostbite?

Answer: Once you get medical care, the next steps depend on the particular case. At the hospital, a doctor will rewarm the area. The doctor may administer medication for pain or intravenous fluids if the person is dehydrated. The doctor may also give a tetanus vaccine. The person may be hospitalized for a few days. In severe cases they may require amputation of the frostbitten area to avoid gangrene.


Question: When should you call 911 about frostbite?

Answer: The person shows signs of hypothermia. Do not rub or massage the skin or break blisters.


Question: How can you manage irritable bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis?

Answer: It's often helpful to have a specialist called a gastroenterologist as well as a dermatologist on your health care team. You and your team can decide what treatment is right for you based on what and how severe your symptoms are and the medication side effects you're willing to deal with. The same drug may work for both your psoriasis and IBD. But some biologic medications are more likely than others to trigger a flare for someone who already has an IBD. Following a gluten-free diet has helped some people clear their psoriasis lesions as well as manage celiac.


Question: What is the link between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Answer: There's a strong link between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD. IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis ( UC). Crohn's can affect any part of the stomach and intestines; UC usually affects the lower parts of your GI tract, the colon and rectum.


Question: Can the symptoms of celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seem similar?

Answer: IBD ( Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) symptoms include: Diarrhea Belly cramps Blood in your poop Celiac disease or gluten sensitivity symptoms in adults may include: Diarrhea Bad-smelling poop Fatigue Feeling weak, dizzy, or short of breath Cold hands and feet Sore, achy joints You might mistake celiac disease for psoriatic arthritis, because both can cause joint pain and fatigue. Your doctor can order a blood test that measures levels of antibodies to check whether gluten affects you.


Question: What is the link between psoriasis and celiac disease?

Answer: When you have celiac disease, you can't digest gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. Celiac disease can damage your small intestine and prevent it from absorbing key nutrients. The chance of getting celiac disease is nearly 3 times higher among people with psoriasis. About 4 of every 100 have it. Research shows that the higher the levels of specific antibodies related to celiac disease, the worse psoriasis tends to be.


Question: What is the link between digestive problems and psoriasis?

Answer: Right now, there isn't anything you can change about your lifestyle to specifically keep you from getting one of these digestive problems that's written into your genes. Research into the complex relationship is ongoing, and there's a lot more still to be learned. Some people get a digestive disorder first and psoriasis later. About 4 of every 100 have it.


Question: How does cognitive behavior therapy help people with irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT) trains people to identify and change inaccurate perceptions they may have of themselves and the world around them. It's also been used to help IBS patients ease symptoms and improve quality of life. Researchers gave a group of IBS patients up to 10 weekly sessions of CBT in one study. The sessions covered information on IBS, muscle relaxation training, development of a flexible set of problem-solving skills related to IBS, and ways to curb worries about the illness. Results showed that 60% to 75% of participants had improvement in their symptoms.


Question: Are probiotics used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: On the other hand, there's some evidence that taking probiotics help IBS sufferers. Probiotics are bacteria that naturally live in the gut. Some people believe that several intestinal disorders may arise when there isn't enough good bacteria in the gut. One study found that probiotic treatment significantly improved IBS symptoms and quality of life. In the study, researchers primarily used the bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilusand Bifidobacteria infantis. People with IBS reported fewer symptoms and, in general, a higher quality of life after taking the probiotics for four weeks. Just as significant, the probiotic therapy did not appear to cause side effects, according to the study's author, Stephen M. Faber, MD, from Albemarle Gastroenterology Associates, PC, in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. "


Question: Is acupuncture used with other treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Acupuncture is ideally used with other treatments, says Janine Blackman, MD, Ph D, an integrative medicine physician in Santa Monica, CA. She says even in China, the therapy is never used on its own. Talk with your doctor if you are considering acupuncture.


Question: What are some alternative treatments for irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Alternative treatments such as acupuncture, dietary supplements, and herbs don't always get the official scientific nod, but some patients turn to them for help with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS).


Question: How can hypnosis help people with irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: Researchers have found that focusing the mind with hypnotherapy can improve the emotional and physical symptoms in some who have IBS. In one study, 20 men and 55 women received between five and seven half-hour hypnotherapy sessions over a three-month period. Afterwards, patients reported a 30% improvement in emotional quality of life and a 16% increase in overall physical health.


Question: What alternative treatments are there for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Alternative treatments such as acupuncture, dietary supplements, and herbs don't always get the official scientific nod, but some patients turn to them for help with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS).


Question: Are herbs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Herbs are also popular options for people with IBS. Peppermint is used to calm muscles in the colon, which may cause some of the diarrhea and abdominal discomfort suffered by people with IBS. The Mayo Clinic advises anyone who'd like to try it to get the enteric-coated capsules, and to be aware that it may make heartburn worse. Registered herbalists never use peppermint on its own, nor do they recommend it for an extended period of time, says Jonathan Gilbert, who has a diploma in herbology and acupuncture from the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine ( NCCAOM). If you are interested in herbal therapy, dietary supplements, acupuncture, or any other treatment for your IBS, make sure you talk with your doctor. Herbs may interact with other medications you may be taking.


Question: How will a trained professional decide the best way to  remove your tattoo?

Answer: You should first schedule a consultation with a trained professional who can evaluate your tattoo and advise you on the process. The number of treatments you will need will depend on the age, size, and color(s) of your tattoo. The color of your skin, as well as how deep the tattoo pigment goes, will also affect the removal technique.


Question: Can lasers remove tattoos?

Answer: Lasers remove tattoos by breaking up the pigment colors with a high-intensity light beam. Black tattoo pigment absorbs all laser wavelengths, making it the easiest color to treat. Other colors can only be treated by selected lasers based upon the pigment color.


Question: Do you need anesthesia for laser tattoo removal?

Answer: Laser tattoo removal is uncomfortable, but most patients don't need anesthesia. Depending on the location of your tattoo, you may want to apply a topical anesthesia cream beforehand.


Question: What should you expect during a laser tattoo removal session?

Answer: In general, this is what you should expect during a laser tattoo removal session: You'll be given a pair of protective eye shields. The technician will test your skin's reaction to the laser to determine the most effective energy for treatment. The technician uses the laser to pass pulses of intense light through the top layers of your skin that will be absorbed by the tattoo pigment only.


Question: How many laser tattoo removal sessions do you need to completely get rid of your tattoo?

Answer: Smaller tattoos will require fewer pulses while larger ones will need more to remove them. In either case, to completely get rid of a tattoo, it will take several treatments. After each visit, your tattoo should become progressively lighter.


Question: What factors should you consider before getting a laser treatment to remove your tattoo?

Answer: In either case, to completely get rid of a tattoo, it will take several treatments. However, you should consider these factors in your decision: Your tattoo removal site is at risk for infection. You may end up with hypopigmentation, which means the skin that is treated is paler than the skin surrounding it. You could also have hyperpigmentation, which leaves the affected skin darker than the rest of your skin. Cosmetic tattoos like lip liner, eyeliner, and eyebrows may actually get darker after treatment. They do tend to fade with additional sessions.


Question: What does the term "laparoscopic" refer to?

Answer: Doctors use it to treat the following conditions: Cancers of the colon and rectum Some types of noncancerous growths in the colon and rectum Complicated diverticulitis The term "laparoscopic" refers to a type of surgery called laparoscopy, in which the surgeon works through very small (5-millimeter to 10-millimeter) "keyhole" cuts in the abdomen.


Question: How does a surgeon remove the diseased part of a bowel during laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy?

Answer: The cuts used in laparoscopy are very small, so the surgeon must remove the diseased section of bowel in a special way. He will enlarge one of the cuts and place a bag into your abdominal cavity, put the diseased bowel into the bag, and then pull the bag out of the enlarged cut.


Question: What is laparoscope for proctosigmoidectomy?

Answer: A laparoscope is a small telescope-like instrument. Your surgeon will use it in order to see inside you during the operation. There are five main steps to this surgery.


Question: When can I be active after laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy?

Answer: You should avoid heavy lifting and abdominal exercises such as sit-ups for 6 weeks after the surgery. Apart from that, you should steadily build up your activity level when you get home. Walking is a great exercise choice. It will help your recovery by making you stronger, keeping your blood circulating to prevent blood clots, and helping your lungs remain clear. Did you work out before the surgery? You can get back to exercising when you feel comfortable and your doctor says it's OK.


Question: What is laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy?

Answer: Doctors use it to treat the following conditions: Cancers of the colon and rectum Some types of noncancerous growths in the colon and rectum Complicated diverticulitis The term "laparoscopic" refers to a type of surgery called laparoscopy, in which the surgeon works through very small (5-millimeter to 10-millimeter) "keyhole" cuts in the abdomen. Your surgeon will need to cut away the diseased section of your sigmoid colon and rectum.


Question: How can removing earwax properly help you prevent hearing loss?

Answer: A buildup of wax in your ears can muffle sound. But don't use a cotton swab to clean them out -- they can push wax deeper in. Instead, use an at-home irrigation kit to soften wax and gently wash it out. If it gets compacted in your ear, your doctor may need to remove it.


Question: How can avoiding smoking help you  prevent hearing loss?

Answer: Tobacco can make you more likely to lose your hearing, too, research shows. So if you light up, that's one more good reason to quit. If you aren't a smoker, avoid breathing secondhand smoke.


Question: How can you avoid noise to prevent hearing loss?

Answer: Make an appointment to get a hearing test if you: Have close relatives with hearing loss Have trouble hearing conversations Are around loud noises on a regular basis Often hear ringing in your ears If you have some hearing loss, you can avoid getting more damage by steering clear of loud noises.


Question: How can wearing hearing protection help you prevent hearing loss?

Answer: If you know you're going to be around loud sounds for more than a few minutes, think about wearing protection, such as: Earplugs. Usually made of foam or rubber, they go in your ear canal and can reduce noise by 15 to 30 decibels. You can buy them off-the-shelf or have them custom-made to fit you. Some earplugs lower noise levels evenly across all frequencies. They're useful for people who need to make sound quieter but undistorted, such as musicians. Earmuffs. These fit completely over your ears and reduce sounds by about 15 to 30 decibels. They have to fit tightly over both ears to block sound.


Question: How can you prevent more damage if you have hearing loss?

Answer: Make an appointment to get a hearing test if you: Have close relatives with hearing loss Have trouble hearing conversations Are around loud noises on a regular basis Often hear ringing in your ears If you have some hearing loss, you can avoid getting more damage by steering clear of loud noises. If your problem is severe enough, think about a hearing aid or other treatment. Be sure to see your doctor if you have a sudden change in what you can hear that you can't explain. It could be a symptom of other serious medical problems.


Question: How can enforcing quiet help you to prevent hearing loss?

Answer: Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings. And if it's too loud in the movie theater, restaurant, or any other place you go often, ask the manager to turn it down.


Question: What causes hearing loss?

Answer: Noise: A lot of loud sound over time can damage the hair cells in your ears. Here are eight tips to help keep your ears as sharp as possible.


Question: How can checking your medications help prevent hearing loss?

Answer: A buildup of wax in your ears can muffle sound. If you must take a medication that may harm your ears, make sure your doctor checks your hearing and balance before and during your treatment.


Question: How can limiting the sounds in your life help you prevent hearing loss?

Answer: Many adults eventually realize they're pressing the âvolume upâ button on the TV remote more often, or that a lot of people around them need to speak up. If you have to shout over the noise around you, it's loud enough to damage your hearing. Noise-induced hearing loss is a result of the loudness of sounds and how long you hear them.


Question: Should I eat carbs to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: Keep some carbs. Be mindful of low-carb diets. A high-protein and low-carb diet can cause constipation. You need protein, but don't cut out the carbs from fruits and vegetables. They'll help keep your digestive track working.


Question: If I have IBS-C, should I have more fiber?

Answer: Fiber makes stool easier to pass. It helps many people with IBS- C symptoms, but not everyone.


Question: Will a symptom journal help me control my irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer: An IBS symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out which foods may trigger your symptoms. Make a habit of writing down any symptoms you might have, along with what and how much you ate beforehand. If you see a pattern with certain foods, see if you feel better when you don't eat them, or cut back on how much of them you eat. But cut foods one at a time. If you cut several foods at the same time, you won't know for sure which one may be causing your symptoms.


Question: Should I have prunes and liquids to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: Some fruity foods that are higher in the sugar sorbitol, such as prunes, dried plums (another name for prunes), and prune juice, can loosen bowels. But again, too much can cause gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Some people find ground flaxseed helps ease their IBS- C symptoms. You can sprinkle it on salads, cooked vegetables, and cereals. Keeping yourself well-hydrated can help, too. Drink plenty of liquids like water and juice. But coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol can dehydrate you and make your IBS- C symptoms worse.


Question: How much fiber should I eat if I have irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)?

Answer: Too little roughage in your diet can make it hard to have a bowel movement. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends 25 grams of fiber for women and 38 grams for men each day. People over age 50 may need a little less fiber (21 grams for women and 30 grams for men). You can get fiber in foods such as: Whole-grain bread and cereals Fruits Vegetables Beans Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help. Your body will need time to get used to it, so add a little each day. But coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol can dehydrate you and make your IBS- C symptoms worse.


Question: Where can you find xylitol?

Answer: The amount naturally found in foods is very small. However, it is increasingly found as an ingredient (additiive) in more and more foods and health products. In addition to gum, xylitol can be found in some hard candies, chocolate, table syrup, jams, jellies, baked goods, cough syrup, vitamins, some nut butters, over-the-counter medications and many others.


Question: Does xylitol interact with any foods, supplements, herbs, or other drugs?

Answer: Doctors don't know of any interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. Tell your doctor about any you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications, foods, or other herbs and supplements.


Question: What are the risks of taking xylitol?

Answer: Xylitol is mostly safe, especially if taken in amounts found in food. The FDA has approved xylitol as a food additive or sweetener. If you take large amounts of xylitol, such as 30 to 40 grams, you may experience diarrhea or gas. There is not enough information to confirm xylitol's safety in pregnant and breastfeeding women, so they should not use it for medicinal purposes. Although some animal studies have shown tumor growth resulting from high doses of xylitol over long periods, more research is needed.


Question: What is xylitol used for?

Answer: People with diabetes sometimes use xylitol as a sugar substitute. Blood sugar levels stay at a more constant level with xylitol than with regular sugar. Some types of gum or oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, also contain xylitol. Mouth bacteria can't use xylitol as a source of energy, so it may help prevent tooth decay and the buildup of plaque. Researchers have studied the use of xylitol to prevent sudden attacks of middle ear inflammation (otitis media) in children with frequent earaches. More studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness for this and other uses.


Question: How do I treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: But the pressure generated by pooled blood under the nail can be extremely painful. To relieve the pain, your doctor may perform decompression, also called trephination, which allows the underlying blood to drain, relieving pressure and pain to the area.


Question: What should I know about bleeding under a nail?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your doctor may call it a âsubungual hematomaâ if you have bleeding under a fingernail or toenail. It usually happens if the nail gets crushed in an injury. It can cause symptoms such as intense pain and throbbing as blood collects under the nail. Unless you also have broken bones or damage to the nail bed and/or surrounding tissues, this injury usually isn't worrisome.


Question: What are complications associated with using needles to treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: The main complication associated with decompression is a small risk of infection in the residual hematoma. If you have bleeding under a large area of the nail surface, the nail bed may be injured. In this case, your doctor may need to remove the entire nail and use stitches to repair the nail bed.


Question: How is cautery used to treat bleeding under a nail?

Answer: The doctor uses a heated wire (electrocautery device) or carbon laser to burn a hole or holes. The heated tip of the wire is cooled by contact with the hematoma, which prevents injury to the nail bed. This is a quick and painless procedure.


Question: What are the symptoms of bleeding under the nail?

Answer: The most common symptom is severe, throbbing pain. It happens because of the pressure of blood collecting between the nail and the nail bed. You may also have: A dark-colored discoloration (red, maroon, or purple-black) under all or part of the affected nail Tenderness and swelling of the tip of the affected finger or toe If you had a severe blow to a finger or toe, either seek immediate medical attention from your doctor or go to an emergency room.


Question: What causes a nail to bleed underneath?

Answer: These injuries can happen easily. You might: Slam your finger in a car door or house door Hit your finger with a heavy object such as a hammer Drop a heavy object such as a dumbbell on your toe Stub your toe on a hard surface If you have a darkened area under a nail and haven't had an injury, see your doctor to rule out other possible causes.


Question: How is bleeding under a nail diagnosed?

Answer: You may also have: A dark-colored discoloration (red, maroon, or purple-black) under all or part of the affected nail Tenderness and swelling of the tip of the affected finger or toe If you had a severe blow to a finger or toe, either seek immediate medical attention from your doctor or go to an emergency room. You should do this in case you have broken bones or serious damage to the nail bed and/or surrounding tissues. Your doctor will examine your nail. You'll probably also have an X-ray taken to see if you have a bone fracture or other injury.


Question: What are tips for treating acne?

Answer: To reduce acne and its damage to your skin, follow these tips. Choose a cleanser specially formulated for acne. Clean your face gently, as trauma to the acne breakouts may worsen the acne or cause scarring. If you need to use a moisturizer, use only light, non-comedogenic moisturizers, which do not aggravate acne. There are oil-free moisturizers on the market that contain anti-bacterial agents for acne-prone skin. Picking can result in further inflammation and possible scarring.


Question: Should I avoid certain drugs while taking beta-blockers?

Answer: A beta-blocker is often prescribed with other medications such as a diuretic, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor ( ARNI), or angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB). If you have side effects after taking your medications together, call your doctor or nurse. You may need to change the times you take each drug. It's important that your doctor be aware of all the medications you are taking, as some may interact with beta-blockers. Talk to your doctor before taking any new drug, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.


Question: What are the types of beta-blockers?

Answer: There are several types of beta-blockers, but only three are approved by the FDA to treat heart failure: Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Metoprolol ( Toprol) They may be taken with meals, at bedtime, or in the morning.


Question: What do beta-blockers do for people with heart failure?

Answer: Drugs called beta-blockers perform four main tasks essential for people with heart failure: Improve your heart's ability to relax Decrease the production of harmful substances your body makes in response to heart failure Slow your heart rate Improve the heart's pumping ability over time If you have heart failure, you need beta-blockers -- even if you do not have symptoms.


Question: How should you take beta blockers to treat heart failure?

Answer: There are several types of beta-blockers, but only three are approved by the FDA to treat heart failure: Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Metoprolol ( Toprol) They may be taken with meals, at bedtime, or in the morning. Food delays how your body absorbs beta-blockers, but they also may reduce side effects. Follow the directions on the label. Beta-blockers shouldn't be used if you have very low blood pressure (hypotension) or a slow pulse (bradycardia) that may cause you to feel dizzy or lightheaded. If you have severe lung congestion, your doctor will treat your congestion before prescribing a beta-blocker. While you are taking this beta-blocker, your doctor may tell you to take and record your pulse daily. He'll tell you how rapid your pulse should be. If your pulse is slower than it should be or your blood pressure is less than 100, call your doctor about taking your beta-blocker that day. Never stop taking your medicine without speaking to your doctor first, even if you feel that it's not working. When you start taking beta-blockers, your heart failure symptoms may become a bit worse while your heart adjusts to the medication. This is normal, but let your doctor or nurse know if you become extremely tired, gain more than 5 pounds, have trouble breathing, or have other signs of congestion or swelling. Once your heart adjusts, you will feel better.


Question: What beta-blockers do doctors use to treat heart failure?

Answer: There are several types of beta-blockers, but only three are approved by the FDA to treat heart failure: Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Metoprolol ( Toprol) They may be taken with meals, at bedtime, or in the morning.


Question: How do beta-blockers help with heart failure?

Answer: Drugs called beta-blockers perform four main tasks essential for people with heart failure: Improve your heart's ability to relax Decrease the production of harmful substances your body makes in response to heart failure Slow your heart rate Improve the heart's pumping ability over time If you have heart failure, you need beta-blockers -- even if you do not have symptoms. Beta-blockers are prescribed for patients with systolic heart failure and improve survival, even in people with severe symptoms.


Question: What are the side effects associated with taking beta-blockers for heart failure?

Answer: Dizziness or lightheadedness: This may be strongest when you get out of bed or get up from a chair. Get up more slowly. Call your doctor or nurse if these symptoms don't go away or are severe. Tiredness, cold hands and feet, headache , nightmares , trouble sleeping, heartburn , diarrhea or constipation , or gas. Weight gain is common as your doctor increases your medication dose. Call your doctor if you gain 3 or more pounds in 1 day, or if you continue to gain weight for more than 2 days. Increased shortness of breath; wheezing ; trouble breathing; skin rash ; slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat ; swelling of feet and lower legs; chest pain . If you have these, you may become dehydrated, which can lead to low blood pressure. Call your doctor or nurse. Also call your doctor or nurse if you have any other symptoms that cause concern.


Question: What are side effects of beta-blockers?

Answer: Dizziness or lightheadedness: This may be strongest when you get out of bed or get up from a chair. Weight gain is common as your doctor increases your medication dose. Increased shortness of breath; wheezing ; trouble breathing; skin rash ; slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat ; swelling of feet and lower legs; chest pain . Severe vomiting or diarrhea . Also call your doctor or nurse if you have any other symptoms that cause concern.


Question: Should you avoid taking certain drugs while taking beta-blockers?

Answer: Call your doctor or nurse. You may need to change the times you take each drug. It's important that your doctor be aware of all the medications you are taking, as some may interact with beta-blockers. Talk to your doctor before taking any new drug, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.


Question: How does immunotherapy for cancer work?

Answer: The shots put your immune system on alert, but they didn't make you sick. Over time, your doses got bigger. That helped you build a tolerance to the allergen. In other words, you became immune. Those allergy shots were a type of immunotherapy. So are vaccines for diseases like measles and mumps. How does that relate to cancer? The disease starts when one cell in your body goes rogue. Researchers hope immunotherapy treatment will harness the power of your body's natural defenses to fight cancer cells, just like it would with a germ, virus, or allergy. One approach is to tell your system to stage a full-out assault on cancer cells. Another is to try to make your defenses stronger. Researchers are exploring many ways to help your immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells.


Question: What is the future of immunotherapy as a cancer treatment?

Answer: Researchers are trying to find ways to help your immune system fight cancer, and to better understand your defenses and how they protect you. Science is also looking at how to combine immunotherapy with other treatments to make them work even better. Researchers are even looking into what happens when you pair two types of immunotherapy. One big question that still remains: Why does this -- like traditional treatments -- work for one patient, but not another? Study -- and with it, discovery -- goes on.


Question: What is adoptive T-cell immunotherapy for cancer?

Answer: This is designed to boost your key immune cells. Basically, researchers remove T cells (white blood cells in your immune system) from your tumor, then figure out which ones are fighting the growth the most. Once that's known, scientists genetically engineer the genes in those cells to be stronger and return them to your system through an IV. This approach shows a lot of promise in the treatment of many different types of cancer.


Question: Why is immunotherapy an important way to treat cancer?

Answer: These molecules treat many different types of cancer.


Question: What are checkpoint inhibitors for cancer?

Answer: This is designed to boost your key immune cells. These drugs help your immune system see the cancer as a problem, and fight it. Some monoclonal antibodies can have chemotherapy drugs or radioactive substances attached to them and can help stop the growth of cancer cells.


Question: What are monoclonal antibodies and how are they used in immunotherapy for cancer?

Answer: Monoclonal antibodies are molecules made in a laboratory. They attach to cancer cells. Then, like a beacon, they make those cells more visible to your immune system, so it can fight them better. Some monoclonal antibodies can have chemotherapy drugs or radioactive substances attached to them and can help stop the growth of cancer cells.


Question: Should I bring my medications with me to the hospital?

Answer: Bring in your medications. Your health care team at the hospital needs to know about every drug you take, whether it's prescription, over-the-counter, or an herbal supplement. One easy way to do this is to bring in all of your medications in a bag to show them.


Question: How can keeping a list of my drugs help prevent hospital medication errors?

Answer: Before surgery, start up a list of the drugs you'll probably be taking, along with doses and details about why you take the medicine (indication). Bring it with you to the hospital and keep it up to date. This way, you're more likely to notice any changes to your regimen.


Question: How can I make sure the hospital gives me the right medicines?

Answer: Make sure the medicine is for you. Another way to avoid a serious hospital medication error is to ask your nurse to compare your ID with the name on the prescription before you get it. Ask your family to help out. Since you might be drowsy and forgetful after surgery, it's great to have a family member or friend who's keeping track of your medication for you.


Question: How should I keep a list of my medications?

Answer: Bring in your medications. A written list with the names and dosing of your medication is also useful. Keep notes.


Question: What questions should I ask a nurse in the hospital when he or she gives me medication?

Answer: One easy way to do this is to bring in all of your medications in a bag to show them. How much do you need? How often do you need it? Asking questions is a key way of lowering the risk of errors. Another way to avoid a serious hospital medication error is to ask your nurse to compare your ID with the name on the prescription before you get it.


Question: How often should pregnant women with diabetes have their eyes checked for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer: Women with diabetes who become pregnant should have a comprehensive eye exam during the first trimester and close follow-up with an eye doctor during their pregnancy. ( This recommendation does not apply to women who develop gestational diabetes.)


Question: What are the signs of diabetic neuropathy?

Answer: Over time, diabetes can cause nerve damage that produces symptoms of numbness, burning, or pain. If your skin becomes numb, you may not notice small wounds that could grow to become bigger health threats. Check your feet and hands daily for redness, calluses, cracks, or skin breakdown. If you notice any of these symptoms before your next scheduled visit, notify your health care provider immediately.


Question: How can I be proactive about diabetic nephropathy if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, urine testing should be performed yearly to look for diabetic nephropathy -- kidney disease. A baseline creatinine blood test should also be done to determine your kidney function. Your health care provider will also check your blood pressure regularly, because control of high blood pressure is essential in slowing kidney disease. Blood pressure should be less than 130/80.