Question: What is the treatment for Chagas disease?

Answer: If the disease enters its second (or chronic) phase, it can cause serious heart and intestinal problems, including: An enlarged heart, esophagus, or colon Heart failure An altered heart rhythm Blood clots Sudden cardiac arrest Chagas disease is easiest to treat during the first phase. But the lack of symptoms can make it tough to spot early on. If you think you have it, your doctor can give you blood tests. If the tests show you're infected, you'll need an EKG test to check for any heart problems. Two drugs can treat the disease: benznidazole ( Alunbrig) and nifurtimox ( Lampit), which kill the parasite. They work well if taken soon after infection. The longer someone's had Chagas disease, the less likely the drugs are to work. Pregnant women can't take them, but infected newborns can. If you're in the U. S., the only way to get the drugs is through the CDC, since they're not approved by the FDA. The drugs must be taken for up to 2 months. They can cause serious side effects, especially in older people.


Question: What is Chagas disease?

Answer: A parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi) causes it. The disease infects up to 8 million people, mostly in Latin America. But cases recently started popping up in Texas. It can stay dormant for years or even decades.


Question: How is high-intensity focused ultrasound used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: This device produces sound waves that deliver heat energy to kill cancer cells. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.


Question: What does the type of treatment I receive for prostate cancer depend on?

Answer: The treatment you need will depend on a few things: Your age, health, and lifestyle How serious your prostate cancer is (how large the tumor is and if it has spread in your body) Your thoughts (and your doctor's opinion) about if you need to treat the cancer right away Possible side effects The chance that a treatment will help or cure your cancer The most common prostate cancer treatments are: Watchful waiting.


Question: What does waiting and observing early prostate cancer mean?

Answer: If you have a small, slow-growing tumor, you and your doctor may decide to wait until you have symptoms to initiate treatment. With active surveillance, you may have regular PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood tests, rectal exams, ultrasounds, and biopsies to see if the cancer is getting worse. If it starts to grow or spread, you can explore other treatments.


Question: Is prostate cancer usually treated with one or multiple types of treatment?

Answer: You may start with one of these treatments and change it, or your doctor might mix different treatments. You'll work together to find the best plan.


Question: What does surgery for prostate cancer consist of?

Answer: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. There are several types. Your doctor may only remove your prostate gland. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.


Question: How does cryotherapy for prostate cancer work?

Answer: If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. It's hard to say for sure how well it works. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.


Question: What is a prostate cancer vaccine and how does it work?

Answer: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.


Question: How is chemotherapy used for prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.


Question: What does radiation therapy for prostate cancer consist of?

Answer: This treatment uses high-energy beams (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer. It's often a choice for older men and for those with other health problems. You also might have it after surgery to get rid of any cancer cells left behind. It also helps for cancer that has spread to the bone. There are two types of radiation: External: A machine outside your body directs rays at the cancer. Internal (brachytherapy): A doctor does surgery to place small radioactive "seeds" into or near the cancer. Sometimes, a mix of both treatments works best.


Question: How does chemotherapy treat prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.


Question: How do cancer vaccines treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.


Question: How do bone-directed treatments help treat prostate cancer?

Answer: If the cancer reaches your bones, drugs called bisphosphonates can help ease pain and prevent breaks. Your doctor may also suggest a medication given in your veins that sends radiation directly to bones.


Question: How is cryotherapy used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Cryotherapy. If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.


Question: What is the best treatment for prostate cancer?

Answer: Others grow faster and spread to different places in your body. In either case, you and your doctor will work together to decide what's best for you. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.


Question: How does high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for prostate cancer work?

Answer: It's hard to say for sure how well it works. High-intensity focused ultrasound.


Question: What should you know about surgery to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.


Question: How can symptoms of an eye infection affect how you see?

Answer: You may find you have blurry vision. Some other problems you may get are fever, trouble wearing contacts, and swollen lymph nodes near your ear.


Question: What are fungal eye infections?

Answer: It's rare to get infections from a fungus, but they can be serious if you do. Many fungal eye infections happen after an eye injury, especially if your eye was scraped by a something from a plant, like a stick or a thorn. You can also get one if you wear contacts and don't clean them properly.


Question: What is pinkeye (conjunctivitis)?

Answer: It's an infection of your conjunctiva and usually gives your eyes a pink tint. It can be caused by a bacteria or virus, although sometimes you might get it from an allergic reaction or irritants. It's common to get pinkeye when you have a cold.


Question: What is the definition of the "stomach flu"?

Answer: The common name for tummy troubles caused by any number of different microbes. It has no relation to flu.


Question: What is the definition of antibacterial?

Answer: It can kill bacteria or slow their growth.


Question: What is the definition of antiviral agents?

Answer: Medicines that treat viral infections. Antivirals like oseltamivir phosphate ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), or zanamivir ( Relenza) can be used to treat the flu or to help prevent it in people at high risk. As a treatment, they work best if you get them within the first 2 days after your symptoms start.


Question: What is the definition of Reye's syndrome?

Answer: A life-threatening brain and liver disease that can follow infection with a virus, like the flu. It's most common in children. It's often linked with taking meds that contain aspirin.


Question: What is the definition of immunity?

Answer: Protection from disease.


Question: What is the definition of antibiotics?

Answer: Medicines that treat infections by killing bacteria. They don't work on viruses, like the flu.


Question: What is the definition of antibiotic resistance?

Answer: When bacteria get used to an antibiotic and no longer respond to it. This happens because doctors sometimes prescribe antibiotics to people who don't need them.


Question: What is the definition of germs?

Answer: Any microbes, including viruses or bacteria.


Question: What is the definition of immunization?

Answer: A way to make you immune to a disease, specifically by taking a vaccine.


Question: What is the definition of nasal vaccine?

Answer: A vaccination, like Flu Mist, that you breathe in, rather than one given by shot.


Question: What is the definition of virus?

Answer: A microscopic organism that invades living cells to reproduce. Many, like influenza, cause illness. Antibiotics don't affect a virus.


Question: What is the definition of influenza?

Answer: Also called the flu, it's a common but sometimes serious viral infection of your lungs and airways. It can cause congestion, fever, body aches, and other symptoms.


Question: What is the definition of bacteria?

Answer: Microscopic one-celled organisms. Some of them cause illness.


Question: What is the definition of the common cold?

Answer: A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Colds aren't related to the flu.


Question: What is the definition of vaccine?

Answer: A substance that helps protect against certain diseases. Vaccines contain a dead or weakened version of a microbe. It helps your immune system recognize and destroy the living microbe during a future infection.


Question: What is the definition of pneumonia?

Answer: An inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms are fever, chills, cough, chest pain, and trouble breathing. It's often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.


Question: What is the definition of bronchitis?

Answer: Inflammation of the airways leading to your lungs. Causes include viruses, bacteria, and irritants like cigarette smoke.


Question: How can I lower my chances of getting trichomoniasis?

Answer: But you can take some steps to lower your chances of getting it: Always use latex condoms, and use them the right way. This helps, but won't totally protect you because trich can infect areas that a condom doesn't cover. Also, because you can get trich just through contact, make sure to put the condom on early, before it touches the vagina. For women -- avoid douching. Your vagina has a natural balance of bacteria to keep you healthy. When you douche, you remove some of those helpful bacteria, which can raise your chances of getting an STD. Stick with just one sex partner who's been tested and doesn't have any STDs. If that doesn't work for you, think about limiting your number of sex partners. Talk openly with your sex partners about your sexual histories and potential risk of infection. This can help you make the best choice for yourself.


Question: What causes trichomoniasis?

Answer: Trich is caused by a tiny, one-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Anyone who's sexually active can get it. It affects women more than men, and older women tend to get it more than younger ones.


Question: How could I get trichomoniasis?

Answer: You get trich from having sex with someone who has it. Typically, trich is passed between the penis and vagina, and it doesn't matter if a man ejaculates or not -- it can be spread just through contact. Women who have sex with women can also get trich because it can spread through vaginal contact, as well. Women typically get the infection in their vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra. Men usually get it just inside their penis in the urethra, but they may also get it in their prostate. You don't typically get it in other parts of your body, such as your hands, mouth, or anus. The thing to keep in mind with trich is that you can spread it even if you don't have any symptoms. That also means you can get it from someone who doesn't have any symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

Answer: But if you or one of your sex partners has it, it's important to get treatment. Trich raises the chances that you could get or spread other STDS including HIV.


Question: How do antiseptics and powered toothbrushes help prevent dental problems?

Answer: Antiseptic rinses help get rid of bacteria that cause gum disease and bad breath. Fluoride rinses help prevent tooth decay. Dentists recommend rinsing once or twice a day. You may find a powered toothbrush better, especially if you have hand, arm, or shoulder problems that make manual brushing difficult. If you have children, be sure to buy them child-sized brushes so they fit their hands and mouth, and are easier to use.


Question: What are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms.


Question: What are complications from folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Most cases of this type of anemia are easily treated. Severe effects are rare. But if you've been without folate for a long time, your risk of having some types of cancer and heart disease goes up. You might also find it harder to get pregnant. Your fertility will likely return to normal once you're getting enough folate again. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption. This happens when the placenta pulls away from the uterus wall and disrupts blood flow to your fetus. It can cause pain and increased bleeding. Your fetus could die. Your unborn child can also be harmed by too little folate. She may have a low birth weight or be born before her due date. She's also more likely to have spina bifida, a disease that causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves.


Question: How is folic acid deficiency anemia treated?

Answer: Folate deficiency anemia is prevented and treated by eating a healthy diet. This includes foods rich in folic acid, such as nuts, leafy green vegetables, enriched breads and cereals, and fruit. Your doctor will also likely prescribe you a daily folic acid supplement. If your folate levels return to normal, you may be able to stop taking it. But some people need a supplement for life.


Question: How is folic acid deficiency anemia diagnosed?

Answer: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. He might also order blood tests and a complete blood count ( CBC) test to measure the number and appearance of your red blood cells. If you have a lack of folate, your red blood cells look large and immature.


Question: What is folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: Anemia is a condition that happens when you don't have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body's tissues. One reason could be that you don't have enough hemoglobin to make red blood cells. That's a protein in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. You can also become anemic by not getting enough folate (vitamin B9), the natural form of folic acid found in foods.


Question: What causes folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: This is the case for most people. You might not be eating enough foods like leafy green vegetables, beans, citrus fruits, or whole grains. You drink a lot of alcohol. Over time, this makes it harder for your intestines to absorb folate. You have stomach problems. When your small intestine isn't working the way it should, your body has a hard time hanging on to as much folate as it needs. For instance, people with celiac disease are at risk for this type of anemia. People with cancer are, as well. You're pregnant. A growing baby absorbs lots of folic acid from its mother. A medication you're taking is keeping your body from absorbing folate. This is the case with many medicines, such as phenytoin ( Dilantin), methotrexate, sulfasalazine, triamterene, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and barbiturates. You were born with it. Problems absorbing enough folic acid can run in families. Infants with this problem need treatment right away to avoid long-term problems. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption.


Question: When should you call the doctor about folic acid deficiency anemia?

Answer: People with cancer are, as well. Your fetus could die.


Question: How can antidepressants cause sexual problems?

Answer: Many men and women with depression tell of having low or no sexual desire. And that puts a tremendous strain on intimate relationships. As helpful as antidepressants are in boosting a person's mood or sense of self-worth, some types of antidepressants -- for example, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) -- can have undesirable side effects. Those side effects can result in sexual problems. Antidepressants help boost mood in people with depression by altering the functioning of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters). But the same chemicals are involved in the sexual response.


Question: How are sexual problems with depression or with antidepressants treated?

Answer: Sexual problems with antidepressants may include: Inability to initiate or enjoy sex Erectile dysfunction ( ED) or delayed ejaculation for men Decreased sexual desire Inability to achieve an orgasm If you have depression and are noticing a reduced interest in sex or problems with sexual functioning, it is important for you and your doctor to figure out if the cause of sexual dysfunction is the depression, the antidepressant you may be taking, or some other medical explanation. Your doctor might try newer antidepressants that may not dampen the libido or sexual response, or he may prescribe another medication to try to counteract sexual side effects, which can be taken in tandem with the antidepressant. Talk openly with both your partner and your doctor.


Question: How can I get dry mouth?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } We all need saliva to moisten and cleanse our mouths and digest food. Saliva also prevents infection by controlling bacteria and fungi in the mouth. When you don't make enough saliva, your mouth gets dry and uncomfortable. Fortunately, many treatments can help against dry mouth, also called xerostomia.


Question: How can certain medications lead to dry mouth?

Answer: Dry mouth can also be a side effect of muscle relaxants and sedatives. Side effect of certain diseases and infections.


Question: How can nerve damage lead to dry mouth?

Answer: Nerve damage .


Question: What are some other causes of dry mouth?

Answer: Surgical removal of the salivary glands. Lifestyle. Smoking or chewing tobacco can affect how much saliva you make and aggravate dry mouth. Breathing with your mouth open a lot can also contribute to the problem.


Question: How is dry mouth treated?

Answer: If you think your dry mouth is caused by certain medication you're taking, talk to your doctor. The doctor may adjust the dose you're taking or switch you to a different drug that doesn't cause dry mouth. The doctor may also prescribe an oral rinse to restore mouth moisture. If that doesn't help, he or she may prescribe a medication that boosts saliva production called Salagen.


Question: How can dehydration lead to dry mouth?

Answer: Dehydration .


Question: How can certain medical treatments lead to dry mouth?

Answer: Damage to the salivary glands, the glands that make saliva, can reduce the amount of saliva produced. For example, the damage could stem from radiation to the head and neck, and chemotherapy treatments, for cancer.


Question: How can certain diseases lead to dry mouth?

Answer: Dry mouth can be a side effect of medical conditions, including SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, HIV/ AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, anemia, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and mumps.


Question: What can I do to help treat dry mouth?

Answer: You can also try these other steps, which may help improve saliva flow: Suck on sugar-free candy or chew sugar-free gum, specifically ones with xylitol. Brush with a fluoride toothpaste, use a fluoride rinse, and visit your dentist regularly. Breathe through your nose, not your mouth, as much as possible. Use a room vaporizer to add moisture to the bedroom air. Use an over-the-counter artificial saliva substitute.


Question: How can you prevent smothering or suffocation related to SIDS?

Answer: Firm Bed, No Soft Toys or Bedding To prevent smothering or suffocation, always lay your baby down to sleep on either a firm mattress or surface in a crib or bassinet. All your baby's crib needs is the fitted sheet -- don't put blankets, quilts, pillows, sheepskin, stuffed toys, or crib bumpers in your baby's crib. To confirm the safety of your baby's mattress or crib, contact the Consumer Product Safety Commission at 800-638-2772 or www.cpsc.gov.


Question: Should you sleep in the same bed as your baby to prevent SIDS?

Answer: Keep Your Sleeping Baby Close, but Not in Your Bed When a baby sleeps in the same room as mom, studies show it lowers the risk of SIDS. But it's dangerous for a baby to sleep with another child or an adult in the same bed, in an armchair, and on a couch. If you bring your baby into your bed for comforting or breastfeeding, be sure to put the baby back in his own cradle, bassinet, or crib when you're ready to sleep. If you are tired, don't breastfeed while sitting in a chair or on a couch in case you fall asleep. Never bring the baby to bed with you when you're very tired or using medicines that affect your sleep.


Question: How can honey affect your baby's risk for SIDS?

Answer: Don't Give Honey to an Infant Under 1 Year Old Because honey can lead to botulism in very young children, never give honey to a child under 1 year old. Botulism and the bacteria that cause it may be linked to SIDS.


Question: Does rolling over affect your baby's risk of SIDS?

Answer: Once your baby can roll over both ways, which usually happens around 6 months, he may not stay on his back. That's OK. It's fine to let him choose his own sleep position once he knows how to roll over.


Question: What is gluten and what foods have it?

Answer: When following this strict elimination diet, all foods containing gluten ( found in wheat, barley and rye) and casein ( found in milk and dairy products) are removed from the child's daily food intake. A huge number of foods contain gluten. Gluten provides structure or binding to baked products. While it's quite difficult to avoid gluten, many stores, particularly natural food stores, display foods in a gluten-free area of the store. Still, it's important to read nutrition labels to see if there are additives containing gluten. When someone is on a gluten-free diet, most bread and grain products are forbidden. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the child (or other person) receives ample fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Supplementation can help make up for the lack of these nutrients when foods containing gluten are eliminated.


Question: How can you add psyllium to your diet to help prevent diverticulitis?

Answer: Bulk up your diet by adding an over-the-counter preparation containing psyllium, derived from the plant Plantago psyllium. You can also try ground psyllium seed: Once a day, add 1 teaspoon ground psyllium seed over any cold liquid and drink within a few minutes of preparing, before the mixture gels.


Question: How long do spinal headaches resolve without treatment?

Answer: The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.


Question: How can you get spinal headaches?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache.


Question: What causes a spinal headache?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache.


Question: How are spinal headaches treated?

Answer: If the headache requires treatment, it could involve: Hydration: This can help raise cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF) pressure. You might need to get fluids through your veins (the doctor will call this intravenous fluids, or IV for short). Caffeine: The doctor might tell you to drink a beverage high in caffeine. Bed rest: You may have to take it easy for 24-48 hours. Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline. Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak.


Question: Do spinal headaches go away without treatment?

Answer: The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.


Question: After a spinal tap, when does a spinal headache occur?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery).


Question: What medications may be prescribed to treat spinal headaches?

Answer: Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline.


Question: What happens if a patient develops a spinal headache following a procedure?

Answer: Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak.


Question: How often can you get spinal headaches?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare. The odds are usually low after an epidural, too, unless the needle accidentally punctures the dura mater, a tough membrane that covers your spinal cord.


Question: What are the symptoms of spinal headaches?

Answer: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.


Question: Are spinal headaches after a spinal tap common?

Answer: During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare.


Question: How are cold sores diagnosed?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } To see if you have the herpes simplex virus ( HSV), which causes cold sores, your doctor may simply examine the cold sore or may take a culture from it. The doctor may also test blood for antibodies to the virus. A positive antibody test only proves that you have the virus; it does not indicate whether or not the virus is active or when you may have acquired it.


Question: How does dysgraphia change handwriting?

Answer: Kids with dysgraphia have unclear, irregular, or inconsistent handwriting, often with different slants, shapes, upper- and lower-case letters, and cursive and print styles. They also tend to write or copy things slowly.


Question: How does dysgraphia affect the nervous system?

Answer: This is a nervous system problem that affects the fine motor skills needed to write. It makes it hard for a child to do handwriting tasks and assignments. Health insurers and most doctors call this condition "an impairment in written expression."


Question: How is dysgraphia treated?

Answer: The specialist will look at his: Finished work Hand and body position Pencil grip Posture Writing process There's no cure for dysgraphia. Treatment varies from child to child and depends on whether he has any other learning disabilities or health conditions. Medication used to treat ADHD has helped with dysgraphia in some kids who have both conditions.


Question: How is dysgraphia diagnosed?

Answer: The first step is for your child's pediatrician to rule out any other diseases or conditions that could cause writing difficulties. A licensed psychologist trained in learning disorders can diagnose dysgraphia. This could be your child's school psychologist. The specialist will give your child academic and writing tests that measure his ability to put thoughts into words and his fine motor skills. For instance, he may be asked to tap his fingers or turn his wrist a certain way.


Question: What is the first step in diagnosing dysgraphia?

Answer: The first step is for your child's pediatrician to rule out any other diseases or conditions that could cause writing difficulties.


Question: What are the warning signs of dysgraphia?

Answer: Parents or teachers may notice symptoms when the child first begins writing assignments in school. Other signs of dysgraphia to watch for include: Cramped grip, which may lead to a sore hand Difficulty spacing things out on paper or within margins (poor spatial planning) Frequent erasing Inconsistency in letter and word spacing Poor spelling, including unfinished words or missing words or letters Unusual wrist, body, or paper position while writing This learning disability also makes it hard to write and think at the same time. Creative writing tasks are often especially hard.


Question: What are symptoms of dysgraphia?

Answer: Kids with dysgraphia have unclear, irregular, or inconsistent handwriting, often with different slants, shapes, upper- and lower-case letters, and cursive and print styles. They also tend to write or copy things slowly.


Question: What causes dysgraphia?

Answer: In adults, it's sometimes related to a brain injury. In kids, this learning disorder usually occurs along with other learning disabilities such as ADHD and dyslexia.


Question: Who is qualified to diagnose dysgraphia?

Answer: This could be your child's school psychologist.


Question: How can teachers and schools help kids with dysgraphia?

Answer: Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Talk to your child's teacher about her condition and needs at school. Some things you might ask for include: Shorter writing assignments or different questions from her classmates Use of a computer to type instead of write Copies of the class notes to limit writing work Use of a voice-to-dictation machine or another electronic note taker An option to record the teacher's lectures Video or audio reports instead of written homework assignments Oral instead of written exams


Question: What do doctors examine to diagnose dysgraphia?

Answer: They also tend to write or copy things slowly. The specialist will look at his: Finished work Hand and body position Pencil grip Posture Writing process There's no cure for dysgraphia.


Question: How can I help my child with dysgraphia?

Answer: Here are some things you can try: Have your child use wide-ruled paper, graph paper, or paper with raised lines to help with letter and word alignment. Try pencil grips or other writing aids for comfort. Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Teach her ways to relieve stress before writing. For example, have her shake or rub her hands together quickly.


Question: How does your doctor diagnose food allergies?

Answer: This is called an elimination diet. You'll cut out those foods for 2 to 4 weeks and see if you have any allergy symptoms during that time. If you don't, your doctor will ask you to start eating the foods again to see if your symptoms come back. If they do, there's a good chance you're allergic to those foods. Your doctor also might ask you to do something called an oral food challenge. This should only be done in a medical office by an allergist. Your doctor will give you very small amounts of the food you may be allergic to and watch for symptoms. If you don't have any, he'll slowly give you larger doses. If you start to have symptoms, he'll stop the test.


Question: When will your doctor use blood test to diagnose allergy?

Answer: The most common way to test for allergies is with a skin test. Your doctor will give you very small amounts of the food you may be allergic to and watch for symptoms.


Question: What is the most common way to test for allergies?

Answer: That's because it gives the fastest, most accurate results. The one doctors use most often is called a scratch test. A doctor or nurse will put a tiny drop of an allergen on your skin, usually on the inside of your arm or on your back. Next, she'll prick your skin or make a small scratch on the surface to let the allergen get underneath it. It usually takes about 15 minutes to find out. If they do, there's a good chance you're allergic to those foods.


Question: How is stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation have been used to treat early lung cancers in persons who are not candidates for surgery. This type of therapy may be used to treat localized recurrent tumors as well.


Question: How are researchers looking for better ways to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Researchers are constantly looking for better ways to treat lung cancer, to relieve symptoms, and to improve patients' quality of life. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.


Question: What are considerations about screening for lung cancer?

Answer: Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say CT screening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing.


Question: When do you need chemotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: It is now recommended that all patients with advanced lung cancer receive palliative care (care designed to only ease pain and other symptoms) while also having the cancer actively treated. This has been shown not only to provide comfort, but to improve outcome if chemotherapy is given at the same time. Recent data also suggests that chemotherapy helps prevent recurrence of lung cancer in patients with early stages of the disease.


Question: When do you need surgery for lung cancer?

Answer: The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. Cancer that has spread to lymph nodes between the lungs was once considered inoperable, but combining surgery with chemotherapy afterwards has improved survival rates. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: Once a malignant tumor begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Occasionally a tumor that has not yet begun to cause symptoms is seen on a chest X-ray taken for another purpose. A CT scan of the chest may be ordered for a more detailed look.


Question: How are tests used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer: Though tests of mucus or lung fluid may reveal fully developed cancer cells, diagnosis is usually confirmed through a biopsy. Using bronchoscopy, the patient lightly anesthetized, the doctor guides a thin, lighted tube through the nose or mouth and down the air passages to the site of the tumor, where a tiny tissue sample can be removed. Another procedure uses a CT scan to guide a needle into an abnormality in order to take a biopsy. If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells, using a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, which requires general anesthesia, and involves having a small cut made in the front of the neck to pass a hollow, lighted tube into the chest to take biopsies. Endobronchial ultrasound and endoscopic esophageal ultrasound are two other ways to biopsy lymph nodes to test for cancer cells. Both require light anesthesia. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET, and bone scans can detect cancer that may have spread.


Question: What is the cure rate for skin cancer?

Answer: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.


Question: What type of surgery do doctors use to remove small skin cancer lesions?

Answer: During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes.


Question: What is the outlook for skin cancer?

Answer: Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation have been used to treat early lung cancers in persons who are not candidates for surgery.


Question: What type of surgery do doctors use to remove larger skin cancer tumors?

Answer: During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes.


Question: What drugs attack ALK gene rearrangement in lung cancer?

Answer: The drugs alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), certinib ( Zykadia), crizotinib ( Xalkori), and lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) have been found to attack a certain molecule,an ALK gene rearrangement, seen in some lung cancers. Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) and Trametinib ( Mekinist) target certain proteins in tumors that have changes in the BRAF gene. Entrectinib ( Rozlytrek) and larotrectinab ( Vitrakvi) work to target a gene called neurotrophic tyrosine kinase ( NTRK) found in some tumors. It is now common for patients to be tested to determine if these drugs can effectively fight their type of lung cancer.


Question: Are skin cancer web sites that I can visit?

Answer: However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say CT screening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer.


Question: What immunotherapy drugs have shown promise in treating lung cancer?

Answer: Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) are immunotherapy drugs which block a protein that keeps the body from fighting cancer. These drugs are given by IV infusion every 2 â 3 weeks.


Question: What does home care for lung cancer entail?

Answer: If you've had lung surgery, a nurse or doctor can show you special exercises to improve breathing and strengthen chest muscles. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun. Avoid using skin lotions unless approved by your doctor.


Question: Is surgery a common treatment for skin cancer?

Answer: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.


Question: What are the typical signs of cancerous melanomas?

Answer: New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.


Question: Do skin cancer symptoms vary based on the type of skin cancer?

Answer: The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs.


Question: What are the best ways to prevent skin cancer?

Answer: Both require light anesthesia. Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. These drugs are given by IV infusion every 2 â 3 weeks. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun. Avoid using skin lotions unless approved by your doctor.


Question: Are stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. This type of therapy may be used to treat localized recurrent tumors as well.


Question: If a biopsy confirms the presence of a melanoma, what further tests can determine the spread of the disease?

Answer: If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. This is uncommon.


Question: Are the number of skin cancer cases increasing in the United States?

Answer: A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs.


Question: What are the basic things we should know about skin cancer?

Answer: A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Non-small-cell lung cancers that cannot be treated surgically are usually treated with radiation therapy, usually in combination with chemotherapy. Patients whose cancers have metastasized, or spread to distant parts of the body, are usually treated with either chemotherapy or radiation therapy.


Question: Is radiation therapy used to treat skin cancer?

Answer: Once a malignant tumor begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Non-small-cell lung cancers that cannot be treated surgically are usually treated with radiation therapy, usually in combination with chemotherapy. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied. Gefitinib ( Iressa) has been most recently approved as a first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC and offers another targeted therapy for tumors with specific EGFR mutations. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun.


Question: How do lung tumors start?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. Because of its tendency to spread extensively, small-cell lung cancer is typically treated with combination chemotherapy -- the use of more than one drug -- often in conjunction with radiation therapy.


Question: When should I seek medical care for skin cancer?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.


Question: How is skin cancer treated?

Answer: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Radiation therapy may be necessary to kill remaining cancer cells, but it is usually delayed for at least a month while the surgical wound heals. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.


Question: How is skin cancer treated at home?

Answer: Both require light anesthesia. The challenge comes in detecting lung cancer early enough to make surgery possible. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.


Question: How is malignant melanoma skin cancer treated?

Answer: Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells, using a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, which requires general anesthesia, and involves having a small cut made in the front of the neck to pass a hollow, lighted tube into the chest to take biopsies. Endobronchial ultrasound and endoscopic esophageal ultrasound are two other ways to biopsy lymph nodes to test for cancer cells. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Because of its tendency to spread extensively, small-cell lung cancer is typically treated with combination chemotherapy -- the use of more than one drug -- often in conjunction with radiation therapy.


Question: What tests can diagnose skin cancer?

Answer: If a routine physical exam reveals swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone, a mass in the abdomen, weak breathing, abnormal sounds in the lungs, dullness when the chest is tapped, abnormalities of the pupils, weakness or swollen veins in one of the arms, or even changes in the fingernails, a doctor may suspect a lung tumor. A CT scan of the chest may be ordered for a more detailed look. If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. Surgery is occasionally used, but only if the cancer is thought to be at a very early stage.


Question: When is surgery used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. Cancer that has spread to lymph nodes between the lungs was once considered inoperable, but combining surgery with chemotherapy afterwards has improved survival rates. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.


Question: What is Paget's disease of the nipple associated with?

Answer: It may be linked with an underlying breast cancer, either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer.


Question: What causes Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: You might also notice: Tingling Itching Increased sensitivity Burning Pain Bloody or yellowish discharge from your nipple Your nipple looks flattened against your breast Thickened skin in the nipple area In most cases, Paget's disease of the breast starts in the nipple, then spreads to the areola (the circular area of darker skin that surrounds it) or other areas of your breast.


Question: What is Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in or around the nipple.


Question: What is the treatment for Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in or around the nipple. Radiation: If you got radiation to your chest as a child or young adult, you're more likely to get breast cancer.


Question: How is Paget's disease of the nipple diagnosed?

Answer: Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon type of cancer that forms in or around the nipple. The doctor will remove a small sample of tissue from your nipple and send it to a lab where they'll check for the presence of Paget's cells. Because most people with this condition also have underlying breast cancer, your diagnosis will probably include: A physical exam Imaging tests: A mammogram ( X-ray of the breast) Breast MRI (a scan that creates a detailed picture of the inside of your breast) Breast ultrasound (uses sound waves to make a picture of your breast) Surgery is the most common treatment.


Question: How is Paget's disease of the nipple treated?

Answer: Because most people with this condition also have underlying breast cancer, your diagnosis will probably include: A physical exam Imaging tests: A mammogram ( X-ray of the breast) Breast MRI (a scan that creates a detailed picture of the inside of your breast) Breast ultrasound (uses sound waves to make a picture of your breast) Surgery is the most common treatment. The surgeon removes the entire breast. If your disease is confined to the nipple and the surrounding area, your doctor could suggest this treatment to save your breast (you might hear it called breast-conserving surgery). The surgeon will remove your nipple, areola, and the entire portion of the breast believed to contain the cancer. Most women get follow-up radiation therapy to make sure the cancer doesn't come back. The specific treatment often depends on the underlying breast cancer. The outlook depends on: If you have a tumor in the affected breast If the tumor is ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer The stage of invasive breast cancer in that breast If you have invasive cancer in the affected breast and it has spread to nearby lymph nodes The 5-year relative survival for all women in the U. S. diagnosed with this condition from 1988 to 2001 was 82.6%.


Question: What are the symptoms of Paget's disease of the nipple?

Answer: Early symptoms include redness and light scaling and flaking of the skin on your nipple. You might also notice: Tingling Itching Increased sensitivity Burning Pain Bloody or yellowish discharge from your nipple Your nipple looks flattened against your breast Thickened skin in the nipple area In most cases, Paget's disease of the breast starts in the nipple, then spreads to the areola (the circular area of darker skin that surrounds it) or other areas of your breast.


Question: Is a CT scan painful or dangerous?

Answer: The test can help your doctor rule out other causes of your pain, such as: A brain tumor An infection of the brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, a condition called hydrocephalus A sinus blockage Injuries A bulging, weak part of a brain artery, called an aneurysm, or bleeding in the brain The test is painless. To get the scan, you'll lie on a table. You may get a shot of "contrast material" into one of your veins, which will help doctors see parts of your brain more clearly on the image. Be sure to tell the doctor or nurse if you've had an allergic reaction to contrast material in the past. Your doctor will also need to check your kidney function before using contrast. The dyes have iodine, which can cause a reaction in some people.


Question: How should someone prepare for their CT scan?

Answer: Don't eat anything 4 hours before your test. Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor. Plan for your test to take at least an hour. Most scans take from 15 to 60 minutes. Ask your doctor any questions you have before the scan.


Question: When might I need a CT scan to diagnose my headache?

Answer: You might need one if you have headaches daily or almost every day or have a sudden onset severe headache. Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though.


Question: What happens before a CT scan?

Answer: You may need to change into a hospital gown, because snaps and zippers in street clothes can interfere with the scan. You also may need to take off your watch, rings, or jewelry. It's a good idea to leave your valuables, including jewelry, at home. If you get a shot of contrast material, you may feel flushed, or you may have a metallic taste in your mouth.


Question: How does a CT scan help with migraines and headaches?

Answer: The test can help your doctor rule out other causes of your pain, such as: A brain tumor An infection of the brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, a condition called hydrocephalus A sinus blockage Injuries A bulging, weak part of a brain artery, called an aneurysm, or bleeding in the brain The test is painless.


Question: Should I tell my doctor if I am pregnant before I have a CT scan?

Answer: The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. But if you are or think you may be pregnant, let the doctor know -- X-rays can be harmful to a growing baby.


Question: What happens after the CT scan?

Answer: Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor.


Question: How should I prepare for a CT scan?

Answer: Don't eat anything 4 hours before your test. Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor. Plan for your test to take at least an hour. Most scans take from 15 to 60 minutes. Ask your doctor any questions you have before the scan.


Question: What happens after a CT scan?

Answer: Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor.


Question: What happens during the CT scan?

Answer: If you get a shot of contrast material, you may feel flushed, or you may have a metallic taste in your mouth. These are common reactions. If you have shortness of breath or any unusual symptoms, tell the person who's giving you the test -- the technologist. The technologist will help you lie in the correct position on the examining table. The table will then automatically move into place for imaging. It's very important that you lie as still as possible during the procedure. Movement could blur the images. The technicians may ask you to hold your breath briefly at some points when they're taking the X-ray images.


Question: What does the CT scanner use to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. But if you are or think you may be pregnant, let the doctor know -- X-rays can be harmful to a growing baby. A child who needs to have a CT scan should get it at a facility that often works with children, so that the lowest possible dose of radiation can be used.


Question: How does a CT scan diagnose headaches?

Answer: You might need one if you have headaches daily or almost every day or have a sudden onset severe headache. Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum.


Question: How uncomfortable or dangerous is a CT scan?

Answer: You may get a shot of "contrast material" into one of your veins, which will help doctors see parts of your brain more clearly on the image. Be sure to tell the doctor or nurse if you've had an allergic reaction to contrast material in the past. Your doctor will also need to check your kidney function before using contrast. The dyes have iodine, which can cause a reaction in some people. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. The technologist will help you lie in the correct position on the examining table.


Question: How does a CT scan help diagnose a migraine?

Answer: Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though. The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum.


Question: Why is breastfeeding good for my baby?

Answer: Breastfeeding has been linked to higher IQ scores in later childhood in some studies. What's more, the physical closeness, skin-to-skin touching, and eye contact all help your baby bond with you and feel secure. Breastfed infants are more likely to gain the right amount of weight as they grow rather than become overweight children. The AAP says breastfeeding also plays a role in the prevention of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). It's been thought to lower the risk of diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers as well, but more research is needed.


Question: Why is breastfeeding good for me?

Answer: Breastfeeding burns extra calories, so it can help you lose pregnancy weight faster. It releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps your uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may reduce uterine bleeding after birth. Breastfeeding also lowers your risk of breast and ovarian cancer. It may lower your risk of osteoporosis, too. Since you don't have to buy and measure formula, sterilize nipples, or warm bottles, it saves you time and money. It also gives you regular time to relax quietly with your newborn as you bond.


Question: What is breast engorgement?

Answer: But breast engorgement means the blood vessels in your breast have become congested. This traps fluid in your breasts and makes them feel hard, painful, and swollen. Alternate heat and cold, for instance using ice packs and hot showers, to relieve mild symptoms. It can also help to release your milk by hand or use a breast pump.


Question: Can I breastfeed if I'm sick or taking prescription medication?

Answer: Talk with your doctor before starting to breastfeed if you're taking prescription drugs of any kind. Your doctor can help you make an informed decision based on your particular medication. Having a cold or flu should not prevent you from breastfeeding. Breast milk won't give your baby the illness and may even give antibodies to your baby to help fight off the illness.


Question: Will I make enough milk to breastfeed?

Answer: As your baby needs more milk and nurses more, your breasts respond by making more milk. Experts recommend breastfeeding exclusively (no formula, juice, or water) for 6 months. If you supplement with formula, your breasts might make less milk. Even if you breastfeed less than the recommended 6 months, it's better to breastfeed for a short time than no time at all. You can add solid food at 6 months but also continue to breastfeed if you want to keep producing milk.


Question: Can you get blocked ducts from breastfeeding?

Answer: A single sore spot on your breast, which may be red and hot, can signal a plugged milk duct. This can often be relieved by warm compresses and gentle massage over the area to release the blockage. More frequent nursing can also help.


Question: What is colustrum?

Answer: The first few days after birth, your breasts make an ideal "first milk." It's called colostrum. Colostrum is thick, yellowish, and scant, but there's plenty to meet your baby's nutritional needs. Colostrum helps a newborn's digestive tract develop and prepare itself to digest breast milk.


Question: Can breastfeeding cause dry, cracked nipples?

Answer: Avoid soaps, perfumed creams, or lotions with alcohol in them, which can make nipples even more dry and cracked. You can gently apply pure lanolin to your nipples after a feeding, but be sure you gently wash the lanolin off before breastfeeding again. Changing your bra pads often will help your nipples stay dry. And you should use only cotton bra pads.


Question: Can I breastfeed if I have inverted nipples?

Answer: An inverted nipple doesn't poke forward when you pinch the areola, the dark skin around the nipple. A lactation consultant -- a specialist in breastfeeding education -- can give simple tips that have allowed women with inverted nipples to breastfeed successfully.


Question: What is the football position for breastfeeding?

Answer: Line your baby's back along your forearm to hold your baby like a football, supporting his head and neck in your palm. This works best with newborns and small babies. It's also a good position if you're recovering from a cesarean birth and need to protect your belly from the pressure or weight of your baby.


Question: Is my baby getting enough breast milk?

Answer: You're concerned your baby isn't gaining weight or getting enough milk.


Question: How do I get my baby to latch on when I try to breastfeed?

Answer: Position your baby facing you, so your baby is comfortable and doesn't have to twist his neck to feed. With one hand, cup your breast and gently stroke your baby's lower lip with your nipple. Your baby's instinctive reflex will be to open the mouth wide. With your hand supporting your baby's neck, bring your baby's mouth closer around your nipple, trying to center your nipple in the baby's mouth above the tongue. You'll know your baby is "latched on" correctly when both lips are pursed outward around your nipple. Your infant should have all of your nipple and most of the areola, which is the darker skin around your nipple, in his mouth.


Question: Can breastfeeding cause breast infections?

Answer: This occasionally results when bacteria enter the breast, often through a cracked nipple after breastfeeding. If you have a sore area on your breast along with flu-like symptoms, fever, and fatigue, call your doctor. Antibiotics are usually needed to clear up a breast infection, but you can most likely continue to breastfeed while you have the infection and take antibiotics.


Question: How do you store milk when breastfeeding?

Answer: Breast milk can be safely used within 2 days if it's stored in a refrigerator. You can freeze breast milk for up to 6 months. Don't warm up or thaw frozen breast milk in a microwave. That will destroy some of its immune-boosting qualities, and it can cause fatty portions of the breast milk to become super hot. Thaw breast milk in the refrigerator or in a bowl of warm water instead.


Question: Can you get sore nipples from breastfeeding?

Answer: You can expect some soreness in the first weeks of breastfeeding. Make sure your baby latches on correctly, and use one finger to break the suction of your baby's mouth after each feeding. That will help prevent sore nipples. If you still get sore, be sure you nurse with each breast fully enough to empty the milk ducts. If you don't, your breasts can become engorged, swollen, and painful. Holding ice or a bag of frozen peas against sore nipples can temporarily ease discomfort. Keeping your nipples dry and letting them "air dry" between feedings helps, too. Your baby tends to suck more actively at the start. So begin feedings with the less-sore nipple.


Question: When should you not breastfeed?

Answer: You should not breastfeed if: You are HIV positive. You can pass the HIV virus to your infant through breast milk. You have active, untreated tuberculosis. You're receiving chemotherapy for cancer. You're using an illegal drug, such as cocaine or marijuana. Your baby has a rare condition called galactosemia and cannot tolerate the natural sugar, called galactose, in breast milk. You're taking certain prescription medications, such as some drugs for migraine headaches, Parkinson's disease, or arthritis. It may take a few days or weeks for your baby to get used to breast milk in a bottle.


Question: What is cradle position for breastfeeding?

Answer: Position your baby's belly against your body so he feels fully supported. Your other, "free" arm can wrap around to support your baby's head and neck -- or reach through your baby's legs to support the lower back. Your infant should have all of your nipple and most of the areola, which is the darker skin around your nipple, in his mouth.


Question: Why is breast milk good for your baby?

Answer: It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat -- everything your baby needs to grow. And it's all provided in a form more easily digested than infant formula. Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Breastfeeding lowers your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies. Infants typically breastfeed for 10 to 20 minutes on each breast.


Question: How common is photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). About 3% to 5% of those people have photosensitive epilepsy. Children and adolescents ages 7 to 19 are more likely to have photosensitive epilepsy. Girls are affected by the condition more often than boys. But boys tend to have more seizures. That's probably because they spend more time playing video games, a common seizure trigger.


Question: What situations or places can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). But some common triggers are: Flashing light Bright, contrasting patterns such as white bars against a black background Flashing white light followed by darkness Stimulating images that take up your complete field of vision, such as being very close to a TV screen Certain colors, such as red and blue Some specific examples of situations or events that can trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy are: Nightclub and theater lights, including strobe lights TV screens and computer monitors Flashing lights on police cars, fire trucks, ambulances, and safety alarms Visual effects in movies, TV shows, and video games Malfunctioning fluorescent lights and moving escalators Light viewed through a fast-moving ceiling fan Sunlight viewed through slanted blinds or stair railings Sun shining through tree leaves or reflecting off water Bold, striped wallpaper and fabric Cameras with multiple flashes or many cameras flashing at the same time Fireworks Also, people with photosensitive epilepsy may be at increased risk for a seizure if they are: Tired Intoxicated Play video games too long without a break There are many different types of seizures.


Question: How is photosensitive epilepsy treated?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). However, anti-epileptic medicines may reduce the frequency of seizures. Limit stress.


Question: How does a person with photosensitive epilepsy feel after a seizure?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). A tonic-clonic seizure should last no more than five minutes. Symptoms include: Loss of consciousness and patient falls to the ground Muscles contract and body stiffens Patient cries out Breathing pattern changes Patient bites tongue and inside of cheeks Limbs jerk or twitch as muscles tighten and relax Loss of bladder control When the seizure ends, the muscles relax and the person slowly regains consciousness. After the seizure, the person may: Be confused Feel tired Have memory loss for a short time Have a headache Feel sore Recovery time varies. Some people are able to return to normal activity soon after a seizure. Others may need to rest.


Question: What steps can you take to avoid seizures if you have photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). Some precautions to take include: Watch TV and play video games in a well-lit room and at a safe distance from the screen (at least 8 feet from the TV and 2 feet from a computer monitor). Use flicker-free monitors ( LCD or flat screen). Use a remote control instead of walking up to the TV to change the channel. Reduce the brightness on screen monitors. Adjust Internet settings to control moving images. Limit time spent in front of the TV, computer, and on hand-held devices. When outside, wear polarized sunglasses to protect your eyes from bright light.


Question: What are the symptoms of photosensitive epilepsy?

Answer: People with photosensitive epilepsy have seizures that are triggered by: Flashing lights Bold, contrasting visual patterns (such as stripes or checks) Overexposure to video games Anti-epileptic medicines are available to reduce the risk of a seizure. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures (more than two). People with photosensitive epilepsy typically have what's called a "generalized tonic-clonic seizure." This is also known as a convulsive seizure. A tonic-clonic seizure should last no more than five minutes. Symptoms include: Loss of consciousness and patient falls to the ground Muscles contract and body stiffens Patient cries out Breathing pattern changes Patient bites tongue and inside of cheeks Limbs jerk or twitch as muscles tighten and relax Loss of bladder control When the seizure ends, the muscles relax and the person slowly regains consciousness.


Question: How can going back to school cause allergies in the fall?

Answer: Going back to school can also bring allergies in kids because mold and dust mites are common in schools.


Question: What are symptoms of fall allergies?

Answer: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Your doctor can help find out what's causing your watery, itchy eyes and runny nose.


Question: What are signs of  poisoning in children?

Answer: Learn the signs of potential poisoning in children, which can include: Difficulty breathing Difficulty speaking Dizziness Unconsciousness Foaming or burning of the mouth Cramps Nausea Vomiting If someone has been exposed to poison, call your local Poison Control or the National Poison Control Hotline at 1-800-222-1222.


Question: How can I get enough water but not so much that I have to pee all the time?

Answer: Here are six tips for managing your fluid intake: Spread out fluid intake throughout the day, sipping water between meals. Unless exercising, don't carry a large water bottle with you. Fill your cup or glass half-way or use a smaller cup. Sip, don't gulp. If you're drinking enough water, your urine should be light yellow or almost colorless. Remember that you also get fluids in other foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and soups.


Question: How do I know if something I eat or drink causes overactive bladder?

Answer: Try these tips to help you calm your urge incontinence symptoms. This is basically a daily record of what and when you eat and drink, and your urination patterns. Another option is trying an elimination diet. Remove one item -- tomatoes, for example -- from your meals for a week. If your symptoms get better, make a note of it. Gradually add back small amounts of that food until you notice your symptoms come back. You may be able to enjoy the food in modest amounts while avoiding irritating side effects.


Question: What is the emergency treatment for lightning strike?

Answer: The emergency medical team will assess the person's condition. At the hospital, the person will be examined for internal or neurological injuries and burns.


Question: How should I help someone who has been struck by lightning?

Answer: It is safe to touch the person. The body does not retain an electrical charge. If the person is not conscious and does not appear to be breathing normally, use an automated external defibrillator ( AED), if one is on hand, or: For a child, start CPR for children. For an adult, start adult CPR. Do not remove burned clothing unless necessary.


Question: What is paranoid personality disorder (PPD)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Paranoid personality disorder ( PPD) is one of a group of conditions called " Cluster A" personality disorders which involve odd or eccentric ways of thinking. People with PPD also suffer from paranoia, an unrelenting mistrust and suspicion of others, even when there is no reason to be suspicious. This disorder usually begins by early adulthood and appears to be more common in men than in women.


Question: How is paranoid personality disorder (PPD) diagnosed?

Answer: Although there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose personality disorders, the doctor might use various diagnostic tests to rule out physical illness as the cause of the symptoms. If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, he or she might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a person for a personality disorder.


Question: What is the outlook for people with paranoid personality disorder (PPD)?

Answer: The outlook for people with PPD varies. It is a chronic disorder, which means it tends to last throughout a person's life. Although some people can function fairly well with PPD and are able to marry and hold jobs, others are completely disabled by the disorder. Because people with PPD tend to resist treatment, the outcome often is poor.


Question: What complications are associated with paranoid personality disorder (PPD)?

Answer: People with PPD also suffer from paranoia, an unrelenting mistrust and suspicion of others, even when there is no reason to be suspicious. The thinking and behaviors associated with PPD can interfere with a person's ability to maintain relationships, as well as their ability to function socially and in work situations. In many cases, people with PPD become involved in legal battles, suing people or companies they believe are "out to get them."


Question: What is teriparatide (Forteo) for osteoporosis?

Answer: Teriparatide ( Forteo) is a synthetic version of the human parathyroid hormone, which helps to regulate calcium metabolism. It promotes the growth of new bone, while other osteoporosis medications improve bone density by inhibiting bone resorption, or breakdown. It is the only osteoporosis medicine approved by the FDA that rebuilds bone. Forteo should be used only in men with osteoporosis and postmenopausal women.


Question: What are side effects of teriparatide (Forteo)?

Answer: Forteo's side effects may include: Itching, swelling, redness at injection site Back spasms Depression Leg cramps Heartburn Other side effects are also possible. Tell your doctor if you think Forteo is having a bad effect on your well-being.


Question: Is synovectomy used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Doctors remove the lining, or synovium, of a joint so it doesn't damage your cartilage and bone. You may need to get it done more than once if your joint lining grows back.


Question: Is knee replacement surgery ever necessary for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you have a stiff, painful knee that keeps you from doing even simple things and other treatments don't work anymore, you may want to ask your doctor about knee replacement surgery. â Minimally invasiveâ surgery for the knee joint isn't as drastic and uses a much smaller cut. That means your recovery time should be shorter. Plus, you may move better because you have less scar tissue from the operation.


Question: What should I expect if I have surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You'll be in the hospital for a few days. You can expect some pain and soreness, but medicines will help control that. Learn your physical therapy plan and stick with it when you get home. Don't lie around. Practice walking every day. Within 3 to 6 weeks, you should be getting back to normal activity that's not too hard. Around this time, you'll see your orthopedic surgeon again to check on how you are healing.


Question: Is bone or joint fusion surgery used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This is a procedure usually done on large joints.


Question: Is arthroscopy used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This is a procedure usually done on large joints. The doctor makes a small cut in your skin and uses a thin lighted tube to look at your joint. If necessary, he can remove bits of floating bone or cartilage to improve the way it functions.


Question: What can I do to lower my risk of complications during rheumatoid arthritis surgery?

Answer: There are many things you can do to lower your risk of complications during surgery and to make your recovery easier. If you have any tooth or gum disease, go to your dentist and get it treated before your surgery. This helps prevent infection from the bacteria in your mouth. If it hurts to pee, tell your doctor. If you have a urinary tract infection, it should be treated before your surgery. Eat a healthy, balanced diet. This will give you the energy and nutrition you need to heal faster. Exercise. People who are fit do better after surgery. If you smoke, quit! Stopping smoking reduces the risk of complications from surgery. Try to lose extra weight if you are going to get joint replacement surgery. Less weight means less stress on the artificial hip or knee, so it will last longer. Prepare your home. You'll need someone to help you with cooking, cleaning, and shopping while you recover. To make falls less likely, tape down loose carpets or electrical cords.


Question: What can you do to lower your risk of complications during surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There are many things you can do to lower your risk of complications during surgery and to make your recovery easier. If you have any tooth or gum disease, go to your dentist and get it treated before your surgery. This helps prevent infection from the bacteria in your mouth. If it hurts to pee, tell your doctor. If you have a urinary tract infection, it should be treated before your surgery. Eat a healthy, balanced diet. This will give you the energy and nutrition you need to heal faster. Exercise. People who are fit do better after surgery. If you smoke, quit! Stopping smoking reduces the risk of complications from surgery. Try to lose extra weight if you are going to get joint replacement surgery. Less weight means less stress on the artificial hip or knee, so it will last longer. Prepare your home. You'll need someone to help you with cooking, cleaning, and shopping while you recover. To make falls less likely, tape down loose carpets or electrical cords.


Question: Is carpal tunnel release used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: This can ease the pain of carpal tunnel syndrome in your hand and arm.


Question: When is hip replacement surgery used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Hip replacement surgery is usually done when all other treatments have failed to help you. The procedure should relieve a painful hip joint, and make it easier for you to walk. Hip replacement surgery can be done with a large or small cut. The smaller cut means less blood loss, less pain following surgery, a shorter hospital stay, a smaller scar, and faster healing. Your doctor will tell you which kind of surgery is best for you.


Question: What are complications of surgery for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Because any surgery is serious and can have complications, it's best for you to try other treatments first. If you have any tooth or gum disease, go to your dentist and get it treated before your surgery.


Question: What is total joint replacement for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The main reasons to choose surgery for rheumatoid arthritis are to get relief from pain and to help you be able to move better. Your surgeon takes out the damaged part and puts an artificial joint in its place. Depending on things like your weight, health, and activity level, a replaced joint can last more than 20 years. After that, you may need another surgery, which will likely be more difficult and may not give you results that are as positive. That's why the timing of joint replacement surgery is important.


Question: How do you know if you have abnormal nipple discharge caused by galactorrhea?

Answer: But galactorrhea simply describes a condition in which a woman's breast secretes milk or a milky nipple discharge even though she is not breastfeeding. Galactorrhea is not a disease and has many possible causes. These include: Pituitary gland tumors Certain medications, including some hormones and psychotropic drugs Some herbs, such as anise and fennel Hypothyroidism Illegal drugs, including marijuana Infection.


Question: What does it mean if you have nipple discharge?

Answer: While nipple discharge can be serious, in most cases, it's either normal or due to a minor condition. Mastitis is usually seen in women who are breastfeeding. If you have an infection or abscess in your breast, you may also notice that your breast is sore, red, or warm to the touch.


Question: Which men are more likely to get breast cancer?

Answer: It's rare for a man under age 35 to get breast cancer. A man's chance of getting breast cancer goes up with age. Most breast cancers happen to men between ages 60 and 70. Other things that raise the odds for male breast cancer include: Breast cancer in a close female relative History of radiation exposure of the chest Enlargement of breasts (called gynecomastia) from drug or hormone treatments, or even some infections and poisons Taking estrogen A rare genetic condition called Klinefelter's syndrome Severe liver disease, called cirrhosis Diseases of the testicles such as mumps orchitis, a testicular injury, or an undescended testicle Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those in women.


Question: How is breast cancer in men treated?

Answer: Likewise, the same treatments that are used in treating breast cancer in women -- surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and hormone therapy -- are also used to treat breast cancer in men. The one major difference is that men with breast cancer respond much better to hormone therapy than women do. About 90% of male breast cancers have hormone receptors, meaning that hormone therapy can work in most men to treat the cancer.


Question: How serious is breast cancer in men?

Answer: Doctors used to think that breast cancer in men was more severe than it was in women, but it now seems that it's about the same. The major problem is that breast cancer in men is often diagnosed later than breast cancer in women. This may be because men are less likely to be suspicious of something strange in that area. Also, their small amount of breast tissue is harder to feel, making it more difficult to catch these cancers early. It also means tumors can spread more quickly to surrounding tissues.


Question: How is breast cancer in men diagnosed?

Answer: The same techniques that are used to diagnose breast cancer in women are used in men: physical exams, mammography, and biopsies (examining small samples of tissue under a microscope).


Question: What are the symptoms of breast cancer in men?

Answer: Other things that raise the odds for male breast cancer include: Breast cancer in a close female relative History of radiation exposure of the chest Enlargement of breasts (called gynecomastia) from drug or hormone treatments, or even some infections and poisons Taking estrogen A rare genetic condition called Klinefelter's syndrome Severe liver disease, called cirrhosis Diseases of the testicles such as mumps orchitis, a testicular injury, or an undescended testicle Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those in women. Most male breast cancers are diagnosed when a man discovers a lump on his chest. But unlike women, men tend to delay going to the doctor until they have more severe symptoms, like bleeding from the nipple. At that point, the cancer may have already spread.


Question: What is the National Resource Center on ADHD?

Answer: National Resource Center on ADHD This center calls itself âthe nation's clearinghouse for the latest evidence-based information on ADHD.â It has everything from information on medication and treatment, to tips on legal and insurance issues.n National Institute of Mental Health This government agency provides detailed information about ADHD, including statistics, symptoms and diagnosis.


Question: What is a kidney stone?

Answer: A kidney stone is exactly that -- a hard mass of minerals and salts that forms in the kidneys. Certain foods and drinks contain chemicals that can lead to these sometimes painful crystals. The stones come in several different types, and foods that are not so good for one kind may be OK to eat if you have another type.


Question: What foods that can make urine more alkaline do you need to limit when you have calcium phosphate kidney stones?

Answer: But do watch for: Animal protein-rich foods: Organ meats, like chicken or beef liver Milk, cheese, and other dairy products Eggs Seafood Foods that can make urine more alkaline, including: Fresh fruit juices (except orange, cranberry, and nectarine) Vegetable juices Molasses Processed foods.


Question: What is a calcium oxalate kidney stone?

Answer: More people get this kind than any other. It forms when calcium in your pee combines with oxalate, a chemical that's naturally in many foods.


Question: Why do you need to avoid foods that have too much acid when you have cystine kidney stones?

Answer: Cystine stones grow more easily in acidic pee. That's the opposite of calcium phosphate stones, which favor alkaline urine. So for this type of stone, curb your hunger for meat and eat more fruits and vegetables, which have lower acid levels.


Question: What are urine acid kidney stones?

Answer: You get these if your pee is too acidic. These stones contain uric acid, a substance the body produces as it breaks down chemicals in food.


Question: Should you limit eating animal protein to prevent kidney stones?

Answer: They can lead to stones.


Question: What foods should you limit if you have calcium oxalate kidney stones?

Answer: If you've had one of these, watch out for: High-oxalate foods. Many plants contain oxalate, so it's hard to avoid it entirely. But some foods have much more than others. Try to limit: Spinach Rhubarb Almonds and cashews Miso soup Grits Baked potatoes with skin Beets Cocoa powder Okra Bran cereals and shredded wheat cereals French fries Raspberries Stevia sweeteners Sweet potatoes If you eat or drink calcium-rich foods at the same time, they can help your body handle oxalate without turning it into a kidney stone.


Question: Why do you need to limit sugary drinks when you have urine acid kidney stones?

Answer: And it can rob your system of citrate, a substance that helps keep away kidney stones and maybe keep existing ones from growing. But hold back on foods and drinks flavored with sugar or, especially, high-fructose corn syrup. They can lead to stones.


Question: What is an A1c test?

Answer: An A1c test is key if you have diabetes or if your doctor thinks you might have a chance of getting it. It's a common blood test that gives information about your blood sugar. It's the main way to find out if someone has diabetes and how they're managing it. You might hear it called the hemoglobin A1c, Hb A1c, or glycohemoglobin test.


Question: Why are A1c tests important?

Answer: Your red blood cells have something called hemoglobin that carries oxygen from your lungs to cells all over your body. Glucose goes into your red blood cells and coats molecules of hemoglobin. The more glucose you have in your blood, the more coated hemoglobin molecules you have. The A1c measures how much of your hemoglobin is coated with sugar. The higher your level, the greater your chance for problems down the road. That means your blood sugar control plan isn't working at its best.


Question: How does an A1c test work?

Answer: Your red blood cells have something called hemoglobin that carries oxygen from your lungs to cells all over your body. Glucose goes into your red blood cells and coats molecules of hemoglobin. The more glucose you have in your blood, the more coated hemoglobin molecules you have. The A1c measures how much of your hemoglobin is coated with sugar. The higher your level, the greater your chance for problems down the road. That means your blood sugar control plan isn't working at its best.


Question: When will a doctor give me an A1c test?

Answer: Your doctor probably will have you take the A1c test as soon as you're diagnosed with diabetes. You'll also have the test if your doctor thinks you may get diabetes. The test will set a baseline level so you can see how well you're controlling your blood sugar.


Question: What is a valid option other than surgery for treating stage zero breast cancer?

Answer: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option. About one third of the women with DCIS will get invasive cancer. Your doctor might suggest that you skip immediate treatment and keep a close eye on your condition instead. It's controversial. If you have surgery (and maybe radiation) right away, you might protect yourself from ever getting invasive cancer. Or you could end up going through painful procedures for no good reason. But if you skip surgery and radiation at first and choose to get more frequent screening tests, there's a chance you'll end up with cancer that's more advanced (and harder to treat) by the time doctors find it. It's a choice only you and your doctor can make.


Question: What are the treatment options for stage zero breast cancer?

Answer: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option.


Question: What are the types of stage zero breast cancer?

Answer: There are two types of stage 0 breast cancer: Noninvasive Paget's disease, a rare form of breast cancer in the nipple Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS). This is what most people mean when they talk about stage 0 breast cancer. The abnormal cells are still in your milk ducts and haven't affected the fatty tissue that makes up most of your breast. There's no known cause, and most people don't have any symptoms, though you may notice a lump or bloody discharge from your nipple. The abnormal cells may or may not become invasive and start to spread. There's no way to predict if this will happen.


Question: What is aromatherapy used for?

Answer: You shouldn't use aromatherapy instead of your regular medical treatment. But for some conditions, research shows that aromatherapy can have health benefits. It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe.


Question: How does aromatherapy work?

Answer: Experts think aromatherapy activates areas in your nose called smell receptors, which send messages through your nervous system to your brain. The oils may activate certain areas of your brain, like your limbic system, which plays a role in your emotions. They could also have an impact on your hypothalamus, which may respond to the oil by creating feel-good brain chemicals like serotonin. Some experts think that when you put essential oils on your skin, they cause a response in your skin and other parts of your body, like your joints.


Question: How safe is aromatherapy?

Answer: It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe. Essential oils can cause side effects, though. Some can irritate your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes in your nose. They can also cause mild allergic reactions. If you drink some essential oils they can hurt your kidneys or liver. It's rare that people take essential oils by mouth, and you shouldn't do it unless your doctor says it's OK. If you're new to aromatherapy, work with an aromatherapist or your doctor.