Question: What are the long-term effects of postthrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: Up to half of people with DVT end up with long-term effects where the clot was: Pain Swelling Darkened skin color Skin sores Varicose veins -- swollen, sometimes twisted or blue veins you can see under the skin Because blood that isn't flowing well is more likely to clot, you could also get another DVT or a pulmonary embolism.


Question: What causes pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: If your blood clot comes loose from the vein and moves through your bloodstream so it ends up partly or completely blocking an artery in the lungs, it's called a pulmonary embolism ( PE). This can happen right after the clot forms, or it may happen later.


Question: How common is a pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: About 1 in 10 people with deep vein thrombosis will have a PE. That number may actually be much higher, though, because some people have no symptoms and go undiagnosed.


Question: How can postthrombotic syndrome from deep vein thrombosis be prevented?

Answer: Have a procedure that opens a narrow vein, such as a balloon angioplasty or stenting.


Question: How is pulmonary embolism from deep vein thrombosis treated?

Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital. Doctors may give you medications that dissolve the clot (called thrombolytics) and prevent new clots (called anticoagulants or blood thinners). Depending on your symptoms and what your tests show, you may need other treatment, too.


Question: When should you call 911 about pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital.


Question: How is atrial fibrillation treated?

Answer: AFib treatments also prevent clots and help keep your heart healthy. These can prevent clots and strokes, slow your heart rate, and control your heart rhythm.


Question: What is it like if you have atrial fibrillation?

Answer: With AFib, your heart quivers, beats too quickly, or skips beats. It can't pump blood through its chambers and out to your body as well as it should. Sometimes blood can pool in the heart and form clots, which could lead to a stroke.


Question: When do you need surgery for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: You and your doctor have treatment options if your symptoms become too severe.


Question: How are the causes of atrial fibrillation treated?

Answer: If problems such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, or an overactive thyroid caused your AFib, you'll need to treat the root cause. Your doctor might prescribe medications to get those conditions under control. Your doctor may also recommend screening and treatment for sleep apnea, a disorder in which breathing starts and stops throughout the night.


Question: What is the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation?

Answer: The surgeon makes small cuts in the upper part of your heart. They're stitched together to form the scar tissue that stops abnormal signals. Mini maze: Most people with AFib don't need open-heart surgery.


Question: What are tips for starting solid foods with your baby?

Answer: Your baby must be able to sit up with support and hold his head and neck up properly before you start solids. Other readiness clues include drooling, mimicking eating by opening his mouth while watching you eat, and reaching for items on your plate. Try starting with an iron-fortified infant rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. Don't worry if baby only takes one to two spoonfuls. Be sure to use a small, baby spoon as baby's mouth is still very small. Your baby may push the spoon right back out with her tongue! This is normal at first. Expect to continue nursing or bottle-feeding through baby's first year.


Question: What questions will my baby's doctor ask during a fourth-month checkup?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet? Is your baby able to push up onto his forearms and lift his head yet? Does your baby have good head control when upright? Is your baby cooing or babbling yet? Does your baby respond to loud noises? Does your baby follow an object with his eyes?


Question: What happens at my baby's fourth-month checkup?

Answer: Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet?


Question: What is keratosis pilaris, and what does it look like?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Keratosis pilaris is a common, harmless skin condition. It causes small, hard bumps that may make your skin feel like sandpaper. The bumps are often light-colored. They usually appear on your upper arms, thighs, and buttocks, sometimes with redness or swelling. They can also show up on your face, but that's less common. Except for some itching, keratosis pilaris doesn't hurt and doesn't get worse. Many children and teens get it, and it usually disappears as they get older.


Question: How can your physician assistant help treat depression?

Answer: Physician assistant: These medical health care providers are trained to identify symptoms of depression and have some training in treating mental or psychiatric disorders under the supervision of a physician.


Question: What should you do while your ruptured eardrum heals?

Answer: While the eardrum heals, you'll need to keep the ear dry. That means no swimming or diving until the doctor says the eardrum is healed. You'll also need to use a shower cap or place cotton coated with petroleum jelly in your outer ear when you shower to keep water out. Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly.


Question: What can a ruptured eardrum lead to?

Answer: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. But typically, especially if you protect your ear, a ruptured eardrum will heal on its own without treatment within a couple of months.


Question: Can head injuries or an ear slap lead to a ruptured eardrum?

Answer: A head injury or an ear slap can cause the eardrum to rupture. So can an acoustic trauma caused by a sudden loud noise, such as an explosion or a sudden blast of loud music.


Question: How can a ruptured eardrum happen?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A ruptured eardrum, like a clap of thunder, can happen suddenly. You may feel a sharp pain in your ear, or an earache that you've had for a while suddenly goes away. It's also possible that you may not have any sign that your eardrum has ruptured.


Question: What tests are done when diagnosing a ruptured eardrum?

Answer: The doctor may also test your hearing to determine how much effect the ruptured eardrum has had on your hearing; he or she may use a tuning fork to test it. The doctor may also ask for an audiology test, which uses a series of tones you listen to with headphones to determine your level of hearing. Most hearing loss due to a ruptured eardrum is temporary. Normal hearing returns usually after the eardrum heals.


Question: What can cause a ruptured eardrum?

Answer: A number of things can cause the eardrum to rupture; one of the most common causes is an ear infection. When the middle ear is infected, pressure builds up and pushes against the eardrum. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. Another common cause of a ruptured eardrum is poking the eardrum with a foreign object, such as a cotton-tipped swab or a bobby pin that's being used to clean wax out of the ear canal. Sometimes children can puncture their own eardrum by putting objects such as a stick or a small toy in their ear.


Question: What do eardrums do?

Answer: The eardrum serves two important functions in your ear. It senses vibrating sound waves and converts the vibration into nerve impulses that convey the sound to your brain. It also protects the middle ear from bacteria as well as water and foreign objects. Normally, the middle ear is sterile. But when the eardrum is ruptured, bacteria can get into the middle ear and cause an infection known as otitis media.


Question: How is a ruptured eardrum diagnosed?

Answer: Other symptoms of a ruptured eardrum include: Sudden sharp ear pain or a sudden decrease in ear pain Drainage from the ear that may be bloody, clear, or resemble pus Ear noise or buzzing Hearing loss that may be partial or complete in the affected ear Episodic ear infections Facial weakness or dizziness If you have any of the symptoms of a ruptured eardrum, the doctor will do an otoscopic exam. An otoscope is an instrument with a light that's used to look inside the ear. In most cases, if there is a hole or tear in the eardrum, the doctor will be able to see it. Sometimes there may be too much wax or drainage for the doctor to clearly see the eardrum. If this is the case, the doctor may clean the ear canal or prescribe eardrops for you to use to help clear it. Sometimes, the doctor uses a rubber bulb attached to the otoscope to blow a puff of air into the ear. If the eardrum is not ruptured, it will move when the air hits it. If it is ruptured, it won't.


Question: How can a ruptured eardrum be prevented?

Answer: Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. It's also important to see a doctor to remove a foreign object in your ear rather than try to remove it yourself.


Question: How does a free flap procedure work?

Answer: Free flap procedure. A free flap procedure is often performed during breast reconstruction or following surgery to remove head or neck cancer. During the procedure, muscle, skin, or bone is transferred along with the original blood supply from one area of the body (donor site) to the surgical site in order to reconstruct the area. The procedure often involves the use of microsurgery. Healing of the surgical site can be slow and require frequent wound care. Total recovery may take six to eight weeks or longer.


Question: What are other general signs of infection that will require medical treatment?

Answer: If you notice any of the following symptoms of infection, it is important that you call your health care provider as soon as possible. A persistent elevation of body temperature greater than 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit ( Take your temperature daily, at the same time each day Sweats or chills Skin rash Sore or scratchy throat or pain when swallowing Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along the upper cheekbones Persistent, dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days White patches in your mouth or on your tongue Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Trouble urinating: pain or burning, constant urge or frequent urination Bloody, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine


Question: What is a tumor?

Answer: A tumor is a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. Normally, the cells in your body age, die, and are replaced by new cells. With cancer and other tumors, something disrupts this cycle. Tumor cells grow, even though the body does not need them, and unlike normal old cells, they don't die. As this process goes on, the tumor continues to grow as more and more cells are added to the mass.


Question: What's the difference between benign and malignant brain tumors?

Answer: Benign brain tumors are noncancerous. Malignant primary brain tumors are cancers that originate in the brain, typically grow faster than benign tumors, and aggressively invade surrounding tissue. Although brain cancer rarely spreads to other organs, it can spread to other parts of the brain and central nervous system. Benign brain tumors usually have clearly defined borders and usually are not deeply rooted in brain tissue. This makes them easier to surgically remove, assuming they are in an area of the brain that can be safely operated on. But even after they've been removed, they can still come back, although benign tumors are less likely to recur than malignant ones.


Question: What consultations are recommended to treat brain tumors in adults?

Answer: The doctor can also explain the importance of planning for rehabilitation following treatment. Rehabilitation could involve working with several different therapists, such as: Physical therapist to regain strength and balance Speech therapist to address problems with speaking, expressing thoughts, or swallowing Occupational therapist to help manage daily activities such as using the bathroom, bathing, and dressing


Question: How are brain tumors diagnosed?

Answer: To diagnose a brain tumor, the doctor starts by asking questions about your symptoms and taking a personal and family health history. Then he or she performs a physical exam, including a neurological exam. If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer.


Question: What are meningeal tumors?

Answer: The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. These form in the meninges, the thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord.


Question: How is a biopsy done to diagnose brain tumors in adults?

Answer: If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer. A tissue sample is removed from the brain either during surgery to remove the tumor or with a needle inserted through a small hole drilled into the skull before treatment is started. The sample is then sent to a lab for testing.


Question: What are other symptoms of brain tumors in adults?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Seizures Changes in speech or hearing Changes in vision Balance problems Problems with walking Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Problems with memory Personality changes Inability to concentrate Weakness in one part of the body Morning vomitting without nausea It's important to keep in mind that these symptoms can be caused by a number of different conditions. Don't assume you have a brain tumor just because you experience some of them. Check with your doctor.


Question: What drugs interact badly with creatine?

Answer: Side effects can include: Weight gain Anxiety Breathing difficulty Diarrhea Fatigue Fever Headache Kidney problems Nausea, vomiting Rash Stomach upset Certain drugs, including diabetes medications, anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen, and diuretics, can have dangerous interactions with creatine. Taking the stimulants caffeine and ephedra with creatine can increase the risk of side effects.


Question: How does creatine affect kids who use it?

Answer: Despite the popularity of creatine among young people, there has been very little research conducted in children under age 18. Of those studies, a few have suggested a positive effect but the overall evidence is inconclusive. In one study, teenage swimmers performed better after taking creatine; in another study, it helped high school soccer players sprint, dribble, and jump more effectively.


Question: What are some tips for your babyâs ninth month?

Answer: Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word ânoâ or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet.


Question: What brainpower milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old?

Answer: Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day.


Question: What communication milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old?

Answer: If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as â Mama,â â Dada,â or âhi.â Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, â Where's the ball?â your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, â Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long.


Question: Does high blood sugar cause blurred vision?

Answer: High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor.


Question: How often should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association offers these eye care guidelines for people with diabetes: Adults with type 1 diabetes should have a full dilated eye exam within 5 years of their diagnosis. Adults with type 2 diabetes should have a complete eye exam soon after they have been diagnosed. Get a dilated eye exam if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant.


Question: What can cause blurred vision?

Answer: High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor.


Question: What topics might my dentist discuss with me during my child's first dental visit?

Answer: If indicated, the dentist or hygienist will clean any teeth and assess the need for fluoride. He or she will also educate parents about oral health care basics for children and discuss dental developmental issues and answer any questions. Topics your dentist may discuss with you might include: Good oral hygiene practices for your child's teeth and gums and cavity prevention Fluoride needs Oral habits (thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, lip sucking) Developmental milestones Teething Proper nutrition Schedule of dental checkups. Many dentists like to see children every 6 months to build up the child's comfort and confidence level in visiting the dentist, to monitor the development of the teeth, and promptly treat any developing problems.


Question: What happens during a child's first visit to the dentist?

Answer: The first dental visit is usually short and involves very little treatment. This visit gives your child an opportunity to meet the dentist in a non-threatening and friendly way. Some dentists may ask the parent to sit in the dental chair and hold their child during the exam. The parent may also be asked to wait in the reception area during part of the visit so that a relationship can be built between your child and your dentist.


Question: What is the difference between a pediatric dentist and a regular dentist?

Answer: A pediatric dentist has at least two additional years of training beyond dental school. The additional training focuses on management and treatment of a child's developing teeth, child behavior, physical growth and development, and the special needs of children's dentistry. Although either type of dentist is capable of addressing your child's oral health care needs, a pediatric dentist, his or her staff, and even the office dÃ©cor are all geared to care for children and to put them at ease. If your child has special needs, care from a pediatric dentist should be considered. Ask your dentist or your child's doctor what he or she recommends for your child.


Question: When should children visit the dentist?

Answer: It is generally recommended that a child be seen by a dentist by the age of 1 or within 6 months after his or her first tooth comes in.


Question: How common is acne?

Answer: A generation or so ago, it was thought that eating too many sweet or greasy foods caused acne; now doctors know much more about why breakouts happen and how to treat them. Generally, no. The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones.


Question: Why do some adults have acne?

Answer: Although the hormonal fluctuations that cause acne are most common during the teen years, they can also affect adults. Women may experience hormonal swings during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause that result in acne breakouts. Acne can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as anticonvulsants and steroid drugs. Some people may also have a genetic predisposition to acne. One study found that 50% of adults with acne had a parent, sibling, or child with acne.


Question: Should I stop wearing makeup if I have acne?

Answer: Look for cosmetics and toiletries with the label ânoncomedogenic,â meaning that they don't clog pores.


Question: What are the symptoms of clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. In more serious infections, there may be blood in the stool. Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day Severe cramping Fever Nausea Loss of appetite/weight loss Dehydration Rapid heart rate It's fairly common to have mild diarrhea when starting an antibiotic. It may be caused by a mild C. diff infection. But if you have diarrhea three or more times a day and symptoms last for at least 2 days, you should see a doctor right away.


Question: How can I prevent clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: If you're in a hospital or long-term health care facility, you can do several things to protect yourself against from C. diff. For example: Ask your health care provider to wash his or her hands thoroughly before and after caring for you. Request that all medical equipment be sanitized before being brought into your room. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before eating. Also, if your doctor prescribes an antibiotic for any reason, ask if it's really necessary. Talk to your doctor about other treatment options. Don't take antibiotics without a doctor's OK. Many C. diff infections are mild and short-lived, but others can be quite serious. Take precautions, and don't hesitate to seek medical help if you have symptoms.


Question: How do I know if I have a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: They include: Enzyme immunoassay Polymerase chain reaction GDH/ EIA Cell cytotoxicity assay If your doctor suspects serious problems with your colon, he might order X-rays or a CT scan of your intestines.


Question: How do you get a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } C. diff bacteria actually exists all around us. It's in the air, water, soil, and in the feces of humans and animals. Many people have the bacteria in their intestines and never have any symptoms. The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. You can also become infected if you touch clothing, sheets, or other surfaces that have come in contact with feces and then touch your mouth or nose.


Question: What is clostridium difficile (C. diff)?

Answer: But for some people, these drugs can trigger a potentially life-threatening infection caused by a type of bacteria called clostridium difficile, or C. diff. It can cause colitis, a serious inflammation of the colon.


Question: How can nerve entrapment syndromes cause tingling hands and feet?

Answer: The remaining 40% of cases have a variety of causes such as: Nerve entrapment syndromes. These include carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve palsy, peroneal nerve palsy, and radial nerve palsy.


Question: What are the treatments for tingling hands and feet?

Answer: An electromyogram ( EMG), a test of the electrical activity of muscle Nerve conduction velocity ( NCV) Other tests may include: Computed tomography ( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) Nerve biopsy Skin biopsy to look at nerve fiber endings Successful treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of the tingling. As long as the peripheral nerve cells have not been killed, they have the ability to regenerate. Although no treatments are available for inherited types of peripheral neuropathy, many of the acquired types can be improved with treatment. For example, good blood sugar control in diabetes can slow the progression of diabetic neuropathy; vitamin supplementation can correct peripheral neuropathy in people with vitamin deficiencies.


Question: How can systemic diseases cause tingling hands and feet?

Answer: These include kidney disorders, liver disease, vascular damage and blood diseases, amyloidosis, connective tissue disorders and chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances (including hypothyroidism), and cancers and benign tumors that impinge on nerves.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose tingling hands and feet?

Answer: He or she also may perform additional tests such as: Blood tests. These can include tests to detect diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, liver or kidney dysfunction, other metabolic disorders, and signs of abnormal immune system activity. An examination of cerebrospinal fluid. This can identify antibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy. An electromyogram ( EMG), a test of the electrical activity of muscle Nerve conduction velocity ( NCV) Other tests may include: Computed tomography ( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) Nerve biopsy Skin biopsy to look at nerve fiber endings Successful treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of the tingling.


Question: What causes tingling in the hands and feet?

Answer: In diabetic neuropathy, tingling and other symptoms often first develop in both feet and go up the legs, followed by tingling and other symptoms that affect both hands and go up the arms. About two-thirds of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nerve damage. In many cases, these symptoms are the first signs of diabetes. In another 30% of peripheral neuropathy cases, the cause is unknown or "idiopathic."


Question: What are general lifestyle recommendations for tingling hands and feet?

Answer: Toxins.


Question: How can an injury cause tingling hands and feet?

Answer: Often related to trauma, nerves can be compressed, crushed, or damaged, resulting in nerve pain. Examples include nerve compression caused by a herniated disc or dislocated bone.


Question: How common is it to get tingling hands and feet?

Answer: Such nerve damage is known as peripheral neuropathy because it affects nerves distant from the brain and spinal cord, often in the hands and feet. There are more than 100 different types of peripheral neuropathy. Over time, peripheral neuropathy can worsen, resulting in decreased mobility and even disability. More than 20 million Americans, most of them older adults, are estimated to have peripheral neuropathy.


Question: Can drugs treat tingling hands and feet?

Answer: In some cases, tingling and other symptoms of peripheral neuropathy may be reduced with prescriptions originally developed for treating seizures and depression.


Question: What are the uncontrollable factors that raise the risk of hight cholesterol?

Answer: Gender: After menopause, a woman's LDL cholesterol level ("bad" cholesterol) goes up, as does her risk for heart disease. Age: Your risk may increase as you get older. Men aged 45 years or older and women aged 55 years or older are at increased risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. Family history: Your risk of high cholesterol may increase if a father or brother was affected by early heart disease (before age 55) or a mother or sister was affected by early heart disease (before age 65).


Question: What can nasal polyps lead to?

Answer: Nasal polyps make you more likely to have long-term (chronic) sinusitis. Large ones can even change the shape of your nose.


Question: Who typically gets nasal polyps?

Answer: Anyone can, but they're most common in adults over age 40 and are twice as likely to affect men as women. Children under age 10 rarely get them. If they do, a doctor will check for signs of cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps are linked to allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin allergy, sinus infections, acute and chronic infections, something stuck in the nose, and cystic fibrosis. But many times the cause is unknown. Sometimes, people get them before they develop asthma or sinusitis. Some experts think that symptoms of allergies -- including runny nose, sneezing, and itching -- make some people more likely to get nasal polyps.


Question: What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?

Answer: If you have any symptoms, they may include: Stuffy or blocked nose Sneezing Postnasal drip Runny nose Facial pain Trouble with sense of smell Loss of taste Itching around the eyes Infections Most people with nasal polyps have a runny nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip. About 75% have problems with their sense of smell. Many people also have wheezing, sinus infections, and sensitivity to fumes, odors, dusts, and chemicals. It's less common, but some people with nasal polyps also have a severe allergy to aspirin and reaction to yellow dyes. If you know you have that allergy, ask your doctor to check for nasal polyps.


Question: When is surgery needed for nasal polyps?

Answer: Sometimes, nasal polyps are so large that corticosteroid nasal sprays don't work. In such cases, surgery may be an option. The doctor would likely use a small nasal telescope that removes nasal polyps. You can go home the same day as the surgery. Surgery helps in most cases. It may be less effective if you have nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. If that's you, medication may be more helpful.


Question: What should I know about nasal polyps?

Answer: Nasal polyps are common, noncancerous, teardrop-shaped growths that form in the nose or sinuses. They're usually found around the area where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity. Mature ones look like peeled grapes. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Often linked to allergies or asthma, they may cause no symptoms, especially if they're small and don't need treatment. Larger ones can block normal drainage from the sinuses. When too much mucus builds up in the sinuses, it can become infected. Unlike polyps that form in the colon or bladder, nasal ones are rarely cancer. Experts think that long-term inflammation causes them or that they run in families. Nasal polyps aren't painful to the touch. Medications or surgery can treat most.


Question: Should I tell my doctor if I have any conditions prior to Novantrone treatment?

Answer: If you have any concerns or questions, discuss them with your doctor. * Patients who have or have had heart disease or cancer treatment should not take Novantrone. Serious side affects could result. Your doctor should thoroughly check for warning signs before beginning your treatment with Novantrone.


Question: What can I expect after Novantrone treatment?

Answer: Because Novantrone suppresses your immune system (the body's system for fighting illness), you will have an increased risk of infection after treatment. It's important to avoid contact with people who are sick. You should avoid being vaccinated with a live vaccine while being treated with this drug.


Question: Can you have an allergic reaction to silver fillings?

Answer: Allergic reactions to silver fillings are rare. Fewer than 100 cases have ever been reported, according to the American Dental Association. In these rare circumstances, mercury or one of the metals used in an amalgam restoration is thought to trigger the allergic response. Symptoms of amalgam allergy are similar to those experienced in a typical skin allergy and include skin rashes and itching. Patients who suffer amalgam allergies typically have a medical or family history of allergies to metals.


Question: How can you get fractures from osteoporosis?

Answer: It can cause: Sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking with some relief when you lie down Trouble twisting or bending your body, and pain when you do Loss of height A curved spine called kyphosis, also known as a âdowager's hump.â Bones are fragile in osteoporosis. Fractures can happen even from simple movements that don't seem dangerous, for example lifting a bag of groceries, twisting to get out of a car, or tripping slightly on a rug. Fractures can take months to heal. The pain should start to go away as the bone begins to repair itself.


Question: What questions will your pediatrician ask during your baby's 2-year checkup?

Answer: Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Catch up on any vaccines Is your child physically active? What words is she learning? Does she respond to 2-step commands?


Question: How should I keep my 2-year-old active?

Answer: Give your child plenty of opportunities to be active. Learning how to throw, kick, and catch builds physical confidence. Play together as much as possible and make fun the top priority. Be active as a family. It's a great way to spend time together while moving your bodies! Limit the amount of TV your toddler watches. Remember that toddlers learn by your example. So make sure to set a good one!


Question: What can I expect from my baby's 2-year checkup?

Answer: Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Catch up on any vaccines Is your child physically active?


Question: What are healthy protein alternatives?

Answer: Other healthy protein alternatives include dried beans and peas, nuts and seeds, low-fat dairy products, and soy products. Protein does not have to come from meat.


Question: How effective are antiviral drugs for influenza?

Answer: The ones currently recommended are: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Peramivir ( Rapivab) If you are already sick and it has been less than 48 hours since the onset of symptoms, an antiviral drug may help by: Making you feel better faster Keeping you from getting seriously ill Preventing serious complications If you have been exposed to influenza, an antiviral drug may be about 70%-90% effective in preventing illness.


Question: What is a disease outbreak?

Answer: A disease outbreak happens when a disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region or during a season. An outbreak may occur in one community or even extend to several countries. It can last from days to years. Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak. This may be true if it is an unknown disease, is new to a community, or has been absent from a population for a long time. If you observe what you think might be a disease outbreak, report it right away to your health care provider or public health department.


Question: How many people die from a pandemic?

Answer: How many people die from a pandemic depends upon: The number of people who become infected The severity of disease caused by the virus (its virulence) The vulnerability of affected populations The effectiveness of preventive steps There is no foolproof method for preventing the spread of disease during an influenza outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic.


Question: How should I prepare for an electrocardiogram?

Answer: Some things you can do to get yourself ready: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test because they can keep the electrodes from making contact with your skin. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on your legs. Wear a shirt that you can remove easily to place the leads on your chest.


Question: What happens during an electrocardiogram?

Answer: A technician will attach 10 electrodes with adhesive pads to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs. If you're a guy, you may need to have your chest hair shaved to allow a better connection. During the test you'll lie flat while a computer creates a picture, on graph paper, of the electrical impulses that move through your heart. This is called a "resting" EKG, although the same test may be used to check your heart while you exercise. It takes about 10 minutes to attach the electrodes and complete the test, but the actual recording takes only a few seconds. Your doctor will keep your EKG patterns on file so that he can compare them to tests you get in the future.


Question: What should I do to make my home safe for a 6-month-old baby?

Answer: Your baby may soon be propelling himself around, so continue child-proofing your home: Create a baby-proof safe area where he can move and explore to his heart's content. Keep older children's toys -- ones with small parts -- away from the baby. Put padding on the sharp corners of furniture. Secure electrical cords out of reach. Make sure baby won't be able to grab or try to pull up on unsteady furniture. Anchor bookcases and TVs to the wall so your child can't pull them over and hurt himself. Put safety locks on reachable cabinets. Keep all medications and chemicals out of reach, in locked cabinets.


Question: What questions about foods might I ask my pediatrician when my baby is 6 months old?

Answer: What solid foods is my baby ready for now? What foods should and shouldn't I give him?


Question: What are tips I can follow when feeding my 6 month old baby?

Answer: When your baby is ready to move on from infant cereal, try vegetables, meat, and fruits. Puree, mash, or cut food into tiny pieces. Do not give your baby raw fruits or vegetables just yet. Give baby one new food at a time. Wait 2 to 3 days to see if baby has a reaction before trying a new food. Don't give your baby cow's milk, honey, seafood, peanuts, or tree nuts right now. If you decide to offer egg, start with the yellow part first. Your baby's poop may change color or consistency, depending on what he eats. Try using a sippy cup.


Question: What do the grades of PCL injuries mean?

Answer: Doctors classify PCL injuries in these groups: Grade I: The PCL has a partial tear. Grade II: The ligament is partially torn and is looser than in Grade I. Grade III: The ligament is completely torn and the knee becomes unstable. Grade IV: The PCL is damaged along with another ligament in the knee.


Question: What kind of surgery do you need for a torn PCL?

Answer: Surgery for a torn PCL requires replacing it with new tissue rather than stitching together the torn ligament. The ligament may be replaced with: Tissue from a deceased donor Piece of tendon moved from somewhere else in the body, such as the back of the thigh or heel The operation is sometimes done as an "open" surgery. This requires a large incision in the knee. A less-invasive option involves a tool called an arthroscope.


Question: How are high triglyceride levels treated?

Answer: Your doctor should check on whether you do, and if so, help you get both your diabetes and your triglycerides under control. High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease.


Question: Do high triglyceride levels affect your liver?

Answer: High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease. Poor eating habits lead not only to high levels of fat in the bloodstream (triglycerides) but increased storage of fat throughout the body, including in the liver. Elevations in liver function tests (like ALT and AST) can indicate that fatty liver is present. Fatty liver usually does not cause symptoms, but unless reversed, fatty liver can lead to permanent liver damage and cirrhosis.


Question: Can high triglyceride levels cause diabetes?

Answer: Having high triglycerides could be a sign that you're becoming insulin-resistant, which means your body isn't using insulin (a hormone that controls blood sugar) properly. When insulin doesn't do its job, glucose can't get into your cells. That raises your blood sugar levels, which can lead to pre-diabetes and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. Having diabetes makes you much more likely to have a heart attack and other heart problems, in addition to the risk from your high triglycerides.


Question: How is depression diagnosed?

Answer: There is no single test that can diagnose depression; however, there are certain patterns that doctors look for in order to make the diagnosis. As a result, your doctor will ask you several questions. Be honest with your answers so that you can receive the care you need.


Question: What do I need to know about erectile dysfunction (ED) and depression?

Answer: Such feelings, if not dealt with, can sometimes lead to clinical depression in men with a biological vulnerability to depression.


Question: What are some common treatments for depression?

Answer: Treatment for depression may include medication, talk therapy, or a combination of both.


Question: What are some of the symptoms of depression?

Answer: Some of the symptoms of depression include: Low self-esteem Loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities (such as sex and hobbies) Fatigue Changes in appetite Sleep disturbances Apathy Drug and/or alcohol use Suicidal thoughts Depression affects the way one feels about oneself and life in general.


Question: How does depression affect you?

Answer: Some of the symptoms of depression include: Low self-esteem Loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities (such as sex and hobbies) Fatigue Changes in appetite Sleep disturbances Apathy Drug and/or alcohol use Suicidal thoughts Depression affects the way one feels about oneself and life in general. People who are depressed cannot simply "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms of depression can last indefinitely. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression get back on track.


Question: Who gets restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Restless legs syndrome affects about 10% of the U. S. population. It affects both men and women and may begin at any age, even in infants and young children. Most people who are affected severely -- 2% to 3% -- are middle-aged or older.


Question: What is restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Restless legs syndrome affects about 10% of the U. S. population.


Question: How severe is restless legs syndrome?

Answer: The severity of RLS symptoms ranges from mild to intolerable. The symptoms are generally worse in the evening and night and less severe in the morning. While the symptoms are usually quite mild in young adults, by age 50 the symptoms may cause severe nightly sleep disruption that can significantly impair a person's quality of life.


Question: What is behavioral therapy to quit smoking?

Answer: This involves working with a counselor to find ways not to smoke. Together, you'll find your triggers (such as emotions or situations that make you want to smoke) and make a plan to get through the cravings.


Question: What if I start smoking again after quitting?

Answer: It's called a relapse, and a lot of people go through it before they kick the habit for good. It's also very normal in strong addictions like smoking. If it happens, try to smoke as little as possible until you're ready to quit again.


Question: How hard will it be to quit smoking?

Answer: Everyone is different, and how tough it will be for you depends on: How many cigarettes you smoke a day If your friends and family members smoke Why you smoke Focus on the benefits.


Question: What are combo treatments to help you quit smoking?

Answer: You might be more likely to quit for good if you use a mix of different methods. For example, using both a nicotine patch and gum may be better than a patch alone. Other helpful combinations include behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy; prescription medication with a nicotine replacement therapy patch; and a nicotine replacement therapy patch and nicotine spray. The FDA hasn't approved using two types of nicotine replacement therapies at the same time, so be sure to talk with your doctor first to see if this is the right approach for you.


Question: How do decongestant medications work?

Answer: Because the blood vessels inside your nose swell and block your airways. Over-the-counter decongestants can shrink these vessels and help you breathe easier. Check the label for the ingredients phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. Decongestant nasal sprays work the same way. But be careful! Your nose can get even stuffier if you use them for more than 4 or 5 days in a row. Sometimes these products can make you nervous or irritable.


Question: Is chicken soup good for congestion?

Answer: Everything you heard about chicken soup is true: It really does help you feel better when you're sick. Sip a hot bowl to move mucus through your nose faster than plain hot water. It'll help you feel less stuffy, and it tastes good.


Question: How do I use steam for congestion?

Answer: Whether it's from a hot shower or piping hot cup of tea, steam can thin mucus and help it drain from your nose. For faster relief, pour boiling water into a large bowl. Cover your head with a towel, lean over the bowl, and breathe in the steam. You can do this three to four times a day.


Question: What if my congestion isn't going away?

Answer: Call your doctor if you've been congested for more than 2 weeks. If not, use these tips to breathe easier. Rinse the inside of your nose with a nasal irrigation kit or neti pot to soften, loosen, and wash out mucus and instantly relieve your stuffy head.


Question: What other health conditions are common in people with Down syndrome?

Answer: People with Down syndrome are born with an extra chromosome.


Question: Who is at high risk of getting a baby with Down syndrome?

Answer: While doctors don't know what causes it, they do know that women 35 and older have a higher chance of having a baby with Down syndrome. If you've already had a child with Down syndrome, you're more likely to have another one who has it as well.


Question: What are mental abilities of a person with Down syndrome?

Answer: Their mental abilities will vary, but most have mild to moderate issues with thinking, reasoning, and understanding. They'll learn and pick up new skills their whole lives, but may take longer to reach important goals like walking, talking, and developing social skills.


Question: Does appearance show what type of Down syndrome someone has?

Answer: The parent doesn't have Down syndrome because they have the right number of genes, but their child may have what's called âtranslocation Down syndrome.â Not everyone with translocation Down syndrome gets it from their parents -- it may also happen by chance.


Question: What is translocation Down syndrome?

Answer: Sometimes, a parent has what experts call âtranslocatedâ genes. That means some of their genes aren't in their normal place, perhaps on a different chromosome from where they'd usually be found. The parent doesn't have Down syndrome because they have the right number of genes, but their child may have what's called âtranslocation Down syndrome.â Not everyone with translocation Down syndrome gets it from their parents -- it may also happen by chance.


Question: What are types of Down syndrome?

Answer: There are three types of Down syndrome: Trisomy 21. This is by far the most common type, where every cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. Translocation Down syndrome. In this type, each cell has part of an extra chromosome 21, or an entirely extra one. But it's attached to another chromosome instead of being on its own. Mosaic Down syndrome. This is the rarest type, where only some cells have an extra chromosome 21.


Question: How much fiber should I eat if I have IBS-D?

Answer: Be careful with fiber, but you don't have to avoid it altogether. It's good for you in other ways, like preventing colon cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Plus, it keeps your diarrhea from turning into constipation. But too much of it sometimes leads to gas and bloating. For IBS- D, it's best to eat the soluble kind of fiber. It takes a longer to leave your digestive system. You can get it in oat bran, barley, the flesh of fruit (as opposed to the skin), and navy, pinto, and lima beans.


Question: What is IBS?

Answer: IBS is a complex condition that not only involves problems with bowel movements but also belly pain, bloating, and gas.


Question: What should you do to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Don't try to treat your IBS on your own. First, your doctor must make sure that your symptoms are being caused by IBS. Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you.


Question: What prescription drugs can help with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: If your doctor recommends one, it doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. These drugs can help with belly pain from IBS. Low doses of them can help block pain signals to the brain.


Question: What should you be tested for if you have IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), bloating, and cramping?

Answer: If you have diarrhea, bloating, and cramping, ask your doctor to test you for lactose intolerance or celiac disease.


Question: How effective are herbs at treating IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Studies on herbs have been mixed. Some research has shown that peppermint relaxes colon muscles and may improve symptoms of IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS symptoms, talk with your doctor first. Some herbs can affect how well other medications work.


Question: Is behavioral therapy used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) ?

Answer: So therapies that can help you learn to handle these emotions can often help you find relief. One technique that seems to help most people is behavioral therapy. It teaches you better ways to deal with pain and stress. Types include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychotherapy. If you want to try behavioral therapy for IBS, try to find a therapist who will work with your regular doctor.


Question: What antidepressants are used to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: For people with IBS- D, doctors may recommend a low dose of a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline, imipramine ( Tofranil), or nortriptyline ( Aventyl, Pamelor). Common side effects of these meds include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Your doctor may recommend another type of antidepressant called an SSRI, which includes citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and paroxetine ( Paxil), if you have depression along with IBS. Side effects of these medicines sometimes include diarrhea, so be sure to let your doctor know if your symptoms of IBS- D get worse while you're taking any of these medicines.


Question: What alternative therapies are available for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Some people with IBS try alternative therapies such as acupuncture, probiotics, and herbs to relieve their symptoms. Keep in mind that most alternative therapies haven't been tested for effectiveness in rigorous clinical trials the way other treatments have.


Question: Are probiotics an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: There is also some evidence that probiotics, "healthy" bacteria normally found in the gut, help some people with IBS. A study of one type, Bifidobacterium infantis, found that it greatly improved IBS symptoms and day-to-day life after people took it for 4 weeks. Research on another type, lactobacillus, has had more mixed reviews.


Question: If I take a diarrhea medicine for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) how much should I take?

Answer: If you take a diarrhea medicine, use the lowest dose possible and don't take it for a long time.


Question: Will my doctor recommend antidepressants to treat my IBS-D?

Answer: If your doctor recommends one, it doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. These drugs can help with belly pain from IBS. Low doses of them can help block pain signals to the brain. For people with IBS- D, doctors may recommend a low dose of a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline, imipramine ( Tofranil), or nortriptyline ( Aventyl, Pamelor). Common side effects of these meds include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Your doctor may recommend another type of antidepressant called an SSRI, which includes citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and paroxetine ( Paxil), if you have depression along with IBS. Side effects of these medicines sometimes include diarrhea, so be sure to let your doctor know if your symptoms of IBS- D get worse while you're taking any of these medicines.


Question: What should your diet consist of if you have IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: These can often make diarrhea symptoms worse. Be careful with fiber, but you don't have to avoid it altogether. It's good for you in other ways, like preventing colon cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Plus, it keeps your diarrhea from turning into constipation. But too much of it sometimes leads to gas and bloating. For IBS- D, it's best to eat the soluble kind of fiber. It takes a longer to leave your digestive system. You can get it in oat bran, barley, the flesh of fruit (as opposed to the skin), and navy, pinto, and lima beans. Drink plenty of water every day. Try having a glass an hour before or an hour after meals, instead of while you eat. When you drink water with food, it may make the food move through your system a little faster.


Question: Can antacids used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)  can cause diarrhea?

Answer: Muscle spasms in your digestive tract can cause belly pain.


Question: Do over-the-counter drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)  have any side effects

Answer: Side effects of these treatments include belly cramping and bloating, along with dry mouth, dizziness, and constipation.


Question: Which over-the-counter medicines used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) are generally safe?

Answer: Some OTC medicines for gas relief, such as simethicone ( Gas- X, Mylicon), are generally safe.


Question: Which treatments help IBS-D?

Answer: You can make changes to your diet, take medication, find ways to relieve stress, or try behavioral therapy or alternative therapy. You may need a few of these approaches at the same time to get relief.


Question: Should I treat my IBS on my own?

Answer: Don't try to treat your IBS on your own. First, your doctor must make sure that your symptoms are being caused by IBS. Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you.


Question: How effective are probiotics at treating IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: There is also some evidence that probiotics, "healthy" bacteria normally found in the gut, help some people with IBS. A study of one type, Bifidobacterium infantis, found that it greatly improved IBS symptoms and day-to-day life after people took it for 4 weeks. Research on another type, lactobacillus, has had more mixed reviews.


Question: What over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are used to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest trying OTC diarrhea medicines such as bismuth subsalicylate ( Kaopectate, Pepto- Bismol) and loperamide ( Imodium) for relief. Researchers have found these drugs can help slow diarrhea, but they won't help with other IBS symptoms like belly pain or swelling.


Question: Do people ever use alternative therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Some people with IBS try alternative therapies such as acupuncture, probiotics, and herbs to relieve their symptoms. Keep in mind that most alternative therapies haven't been tested for effectiveness in rigorous clinical trials the way other treatments have.


Question: How do you know which foods affect your IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Since different foods can affect people in different ways, keeping an IBS symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out foods you can eat and which ones to stay away from.


Question: How long should I take over-the-counter medicine to treat IBS-D?

Answer: Don't take any OTC medicine for the long term without asking your doctor about it. IBS symptoms can be caused by other, more serious problems. Make sure you and your doctor have ruled out other causes of your symptoms.


Question: How much exercise is too much exercise if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Most experts agree that if exercise causes pain that lasts for more than one hour, it is too strenuous. People with arthritis should work with their physical therapist or doctor to adjust their exercise program when they notice any of the following signs of strenuous exercise: Unusual or persistent fatigue Increased weakness Decreased range of motion Increased joint swelling Continuing pain


Question: What is expressive aphasia (non-fluent) versus receptive aphasia (fluent)?

Answer: Common types of aphasia include the following: Expressive aphasia (non-fluent): With expressive aphasia, the person knows what he or she wants to say, yet has difficulty communicating it to others.


Question: What is primary progressive aphasia?

Answer: Primary progressive aphasia is a rare disorder where people slowly lose their ability to talk, read, write, and comprehend what they hear in conversation over a period of time. With a stroke, aphasia may improve with proper therapy. There is no treatment to reverse primary progressive aphasia. People with primary progressive aphasia are able to communicate in ways other than speech.


Question: What is anomic aphasia?

Answer: Because of the difficulties, the person struggles to find the right words for speaking and writing.


Question: What is aphasia?

Answer: It's more common in older adults, particularly those who have had a stroke. Aphasia gets in the way of a person's ability to use or understand words. Aphasia does not impair the person's intelligence. People who have aphasia may have difficulty speaking and finding the "right" words to complete their thoughts. They may also have problems understanding conversation, reading and comprehending written words, writing words, and using numbers. Aphasia is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury with damage to one or more parts of the brain that deal with language.


Question: What's the difference between mild and severe aphasia?

Answer: With mild aphasia, the person may be able to converse, yet have trouble finding the right word or understanding complex conversations. Severe aphasia limits the person's ability to communicate. The person may say little and may not participate in or understand any conversation.


Question: What can I do to have a strong immune system?

Answer: The classic things that keep your heart, brain, bones, and the rest of you well are also good for your immune system: Eat nutritious foods. Stay active. Work to keep your weight healthy. Don't smoke. If you drink alcohol, keep it moderate (no more than one drink a day if you're a woman, and two drinks daily if you're a man).


Question: What does your immune system do?

Answer: Your immune system works to root out germs and other invaders that have no business in your body. For example, if you inhale a cold virus through your nose, your immune system targets that virus and either stops it in its tracks or primes you to recover. It takes time to get over an infection, and sometimes you need medicine to help, but the process is the cornerstone of prevention and recovery.


Question: What does my immune system consist of?

Answer: Other than your nervous system, your immune system is the most complex system in your body. It's made up of tissues, cells, and organs, including: Your tonsils Your digestive system Your bone marrow Your skin Your lymph nodes Your spleen Thin skin on the inside of your nose, throat, and genitals All of these help create or store cells that work around the clock to keep your whole body healthy.


Question: How does my immune system react to stress?

Answer: When you're wound up, your immune system doesn't work as well as it does when you're confident and mellow about your challenges. That may make you more likely to get sick.


Question: How does your immune system grow stronger?

Answer: You're born with a certain level of protection, or âimmunity.â But it can get better. Think of a baby or young child who comes down with colds, earaches, or other everyday illnesses often. Their immune system is creating a "bank" of antibodies as they are exposed to illnesses for the first time, enabling them to fight off future invaders. Vaccines work in much the same way. They turn on your immune system by introducing your body to a tiny amount of a virus (usually a killed or weakened one). Your body makes antibodies in response that protects against threats like measles, whooping cough, flu, or meningitis. Then, when you come in contact with that virus in your everyday life, your immune system kicks in so that you don't get sick.


Question: How can you treat bleeding in your esophagus from hepatitis C?

Answer: Bleeding in your esophagus: Your doctor will check for enlarged blood vessels in this tube that connects your mouth and stomach. He can use a device to compress the vessels or put rubber bands around them and stop any bleeding. Medication can prevent further problems.


Question: How do you manage symptoms of hepatitis C?

Answer: Eat a balanced diet. No matter how advanced your cirrhosis, a well-balanced, nutritious diet is one of the best ways to stay healthy. If you have fluid buildup, your doctor may tell you to cut back on salt. Avoid alcohol and certain medications, supplements, and herbs. Ask your doctor what's safe for you.


Question: How can you treat liver cancer from hepatitis C?

Answer: Liver cancer: You and your doctor will discuss what type or combination of treatment might work best for you, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.


Question: How can you treat fluids in your belly from hepatitis C?

Answer: Here are treatments for common complications: Fluids in your belly (ascites): Your doctor may prescribe diuretics, drugs that help remove fluids from your body. He might use a needle to withdraw large amounts of fluid, if needed. Fluid buildup makes you more likely to get an infection, so you may also need oral or intravenous ( IV) antibiotics.


Question: How can you treat pressure in a portal vein from hepatitis C?

Answer: Pressure in a portal vein leaving your liver: You'll probably take beta-blockers, which may help reduce blood pressure in this vein and elsewhere in the body.


Question: How can you treat toxins in the brain from hepatitis C?

Answer: Toxins in the brain : You might take a laxative. In addition to what it's best known for, this medication can also clear your blood of the toxins that cause brain fog. Lower the amount of protein you eat to take some stress off your liver. Your doctor may give you antibiotics.


Question: How can you treat halos and glare?

Answer: You may be able to make these better on your own if your condition is mild enough. If not, you should see an eye doctor.


Question: What can you do about halos and glare caused by cataracts?

Answer: Early on, you may be able to reduce the effects with glasses. Use sunglasses to lessen glare. Surgery is the common, effective way to treat more vision-impairing cataracts. During the surgery, the eye doctor removes your cloudy lens and usually replaces it with an artificial lens.


Question: How can your environment cause halos and glare?

Answer: Sometimes your surroundings cause glare. If you face the sunset when you drive, or if you look at a clear, flat surface (think of a snow-covered field or a beach) on a sunny day, you may see spots of glare. Laser pointers shined in your eye can also create harmful glare. Camera flashes can leave temporary images in your vision, called flash blindness. These fade away on their own.


Question: How can cataracts cause halos and glare?

Answer: Normally, the lens at the front of your eye is clear. Light can pass through easily. A cataract scatters rather than focuses light. This blurs your vision. Halos are a common symptom. Glare might make you think that lights are too bright.


Question: What eye conditions can cause halos and glare?

Answer: Conditions that can cause this include: Nearsightedness (hard to see things that are far away, often worse at night) Farsightedness (hard to see things nearby due to the natural shape of your eyeball) Astigmatism (blurred vision due to irregular shape of the cornea, the front surface of the eye) Eye procedures.


Question: What are the symptoms of uterine fibroids?

Answer: In addition to an enlarged uterus, symptoms of uterine fibroids may include: Feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen Heavy, painful, and/or long-lasting periods, sometimes with the passage of blood clots Bleeding between periods Constipation Frequent urination Pain during intercourse Pregnancy or delivery complications If symptoms are severe, treatment may involve a procedure called uterine artery embolization to cut off the blood supply to the fibroids so that they shrink and eventually die, or surgery to remove the fibroids (myomectomy) or the entire uterus (hysterectomy).


Question: What causes fibroids?

Answer: The cause of fibroids is not known, but the tumors seem to rely on estrogen to grow. After menopause, they often shrink naturally and cause no symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of an enlarged uterus?

Answer: If you have an enlarged uterus, you won't necessarily notice it yourself. Your doctor may discover it during a physical exam or on imaging tests. Many conditions that cause an enlarged uterus are benign and don't require treatment unless symptoms are severe. If you experience problems such as irregular bleeding; painful, heavy periods; pain during intercourse; or feelings of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen, see your doctor, who can help determine the cause and best treatment.


Question: What are some other causes of an enlarged uterus?

Answer: In some cases, an enlarged uterus can be a symptom of uterine cancers, including endometrial cancer (affecting the lining of the uterus) and cervical cancer (affecting the lower portion of the uterus where it joins the vagina). Treatment depends on the location, the extent of the cancer, and other factors.


Question: What causes Lynch syndrome?

Answer: It comes from changes in genes that can be passed down in families. If one of your parents has it, you have a 50% chance of getting it too.


Question: How can pregnancies cause psoriasis?

Answer: It's more common in pregnant women.


Question: How does quitting smoking lower the risk of pustular psoriasis?

Answer: The habit may trigger the disease in certain people. People who smoke at least a pack a day may have more severe psoriasis flare-ups, too. Treatments don't work as well on smokers, and smokers are less likely to have symptom-free periods between flares. Limit beer, wine, and liquor. If you have psoriasis, you should avoid alcohol or at least limit how much you drink. Alcohol can make men more likely to get psoriasis.


Question: Which drugs cause pustular psoriasis?

Answer: There are many reasons why people get pustular psoriasis. These include: Certain drugs. There's a long list, but the ones you're most likely to run across are: Pain or fever reducers with aspirin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen) Some anti-depressants like lithium or trazodone) Penicillin (antibiotic) Calcipotriol (a psoriasis drug) Coal tar (also used to treat psoriasis) Zinc pyrithione (the active ingredient in dandruff shampoo) Steroids ( Prednisone).


Question: Can pustular psoriasis develop for unknown reasons?

Answer: Sometimes, you never find out what caused your pustular psoriasis.


Question: How can sunlight cause psoriasis?

Answer: Too much time in the sun or under ultraviolet ( UV) light can cause flare-ups.


Question: Should I maintain a healthy weight to prevent psoriasis?

Answer: Doctors don't know if there's a link between extra pounds and psoriasis, but it's wise to try to lose weight safely if you weigh more than you should. People who carry extra pounds have more severe cases of psoriasis, and the treatments for the disease don't work as well.


Question: Should I sunbathe if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Some people have flare-ups of pustular psoriasis after they get a sunburn or if they get too much UV light when they spend time outside or visit a tanning salon. If you're prone to pustular psoriasis, avoid all-day visits to the beach or park, cover up, and wear sunblock when you go outside. Stay away from tanning salons, too.


Question: What is Addison's disease?

Answer: Addison's disease is a rare condition. Only one in 100,000 people has it. It can happen at any age to either men or women. People with Addison's disease can lead normal lives as long as they take their medication. President John F. Kennedy had the condition.


Question: How is depression in women treated?

Answer: There are a variety of methods used to treat depression, including medications such as antidepressants, brain stimulation techniques like ECT, and individual psychotherapy. Family therapy may be helpful if family stress adds to your depression. Your mental health care provider or primary care doctor will determine the best course of treatment for you.


Question: What are my options if I'm depressed during pregnancy?

Answer: But your health should come first. Resist the urge to get everything done, cut down on your chores, and do things that will help you relax. In addition, talking about things that concern you is very important. Talk to your friends, your partner, and your family. If you ask for support, you will find you often get it. If you're feeling down and anxious, consider seeking therapy. Ask your doctor or midwife for a referral to a mental health care professional.


Question: What are resources for getting help with depression?

Answer: If you are uncertain whom to call for help with depression, consider checking out the following resources: Community mental health centers Employee assistance programs Family doctors Family service/social agencies Health maintenance organizations Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics Local medical and/or psychiatric societies Mental health specialists such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors Private clinics and facilities State hospital outpatient clinics University or medical school-affiliated programs


Question: How does depression in women differ from depression in men?

Answer: Depression in women differs from depression in men in several ways: Depression in women may occur earlier, last longer, be more likely to recur, be more likely to be associated with stressful life events, and be more sensitive to seasonal changes. Women are more likely to experience guilty feelings and attempt suicide, although they actually commit suicide less often than men. Depression in women is more likely to be associated with anxiety disorders, especially panic and phobic symptoms, and eating disorders.


Question: Do women get depression during pregnancy?

Answer: Pregnancy was once assumed to be a period of well-being that protected women against psychiatric disorders. But depression in women occurs almost as commonly in pregnant women as it does in those who are not pregnant. The factors which increase the risk of depression in women during pregnancy are: A history of depression or PMDD Age at time of pregnancy -- the younger you are, the higher the risk Living alone Limited social support Marital conflict Uncertainty about the pregnancy The potential impact of depression on a pregnancy includes the following: Depression can interfere with a woman's ability to care for herself during pregnancy.


Question: What foot cares supplies should I keep if I have diabetes?

Answer: These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have. These supplies can help: Toenail scissors and an emery board or nail file Mirror, if needed, to help you inspect your feet daily for cuts or blisters Seamless, padded socks if you have nerve damage in your feet Diabetes raises your chances of getting gum disease and other dental problems.


Question: What should you know about insulin supplies for diabetes?

Answer: If your kit doesn't include one, it's useful to also have: A record book for tracking your blood glucose levels If you inject insulin for your diabetes, you'll want to have these supplies on hand: Insulin Syringes, or disposable or reusable insulin pens Needles A sharps container for safely disposing of needles Glucose tablets or gels 2 glucagon shot kits Depending on where you live, you may be able to buy needles and syringes in bulk without a prescription. If you buy extra supplies of insulin to cut costs, store bottles that aren't open in the refrigerator until they expire. You may need to store pens or cartridges another way -- ask your pharmacist. You can bring cold insulin to room temperature just before using it so you have less pain and irritation. Or you can keep a bottle you're using at room temperature for up to a month. But after a month, throw out any opened insulin that isn't used. Some syringes come with a magnifying lens. You can put it on the syringe to read the dosage easier. You can also get safety guards for shots and aids to help steady the needle when you are putting it in the insulin bottle or under your skin. If you don't have a sharps container, you can re-cap used needles and put them in a heavy-duty opaque (not clear) plastic bottle. Sharps containers are not costly, though. Ask your local garbage removal service how to get rid of syringes and needles safely. Glucose tablets and gels can help you avoid low blood sugar. If your blood sugar is low (below 70 mg/d L) and you have symptoms of low blood sugar, you can take 3-4 glucose tablets or one serving of glucose gel. Wait about 15 minutes and then check your blood sugar levels again. If they are still low, take another 3-4 glucose tablets or a serving of glucose gel. Continue testing and treating in the same way until your blood sugar levels are normal. ( If your meter reading is low but you have no symptoms, you should probably retest first to confirm your blood sugar is low, then proceed as above.) You need to keep glucagon with you at all times. But why two kits? If you use one, you'll have another on hand in case an emergency happens before you can get to a drugstore. Glucagon expires in about a year. Keep track of the date so you can ask your doctor for a new prescription before it expires. Make sure that the people you're around the most know where you keep your glucagon and how to use it in case you pass out.


Question: What supplies should I keep on hand for diabetic emergencies?

Answer: For emergencies, have on hand: Medical alert ID (such as a bracelet, necklace, or card) that says you have diabetes Emergency contact information Emergency preparedness supplies The American Diabetes Association recommends storing 3 days' worth of diabetes supplies in case of emergencies such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, or blizzards. Depending on how you manage your diabetes, this could include diabetes pills, insulin and insulin supplies, extra batteries, and quick-acting sources of glucose, as well as standard supplies such as food that doesn't spoil, and water.


Question: What skin care supplies should I keep if I have diabetes?

Answer: Diabetes can affect every part of your body. Prevent dry skin and tend to cuts or other wounds right away -- it can help prevent infections and skin conditions. These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have.


Question: What can I carry in my glucose monitoring kit if I have problems with eyesight?

Answer: If you have problems with your eyesight, some monitors have a voice function that tells you how to check your sugar and gives you your test result. Some monitors also have a larger font size. Contact the National Federation for the Blind for a list of products that can help.


Question: How do I use an insulin syringe if I have problems with vision?

Answer: Some syringes come with a magnifying lens. You can put it on the syringe to read the dosage easier. You can also get safety guards for shots and aids to help steady the needle when you are putting it in the insulin bottle or under your skin.


Question: What kind of foods should you eat if you have diabetes?

Answer: To keep your blood glucose at good levels, it's a good idea to have: Glucose tablets or other emergency sugar sources Healthy snacks for between meals Low-sugar drinks (including water) to stay hydrated Keep a good supply of fast-acting sugars in several places -- such as a backpack, purse, gym locker, and car -- in case of sugar lows. Glucose tablets are easy to carry. Other possible sources include apple or orange juice or regular soda. Chocolate is not good because it takes longer to digest. If you live with other people, let them know these supplies are not for them to eat.


Question: What supplies should you have for a diabetic emergency?

Answer: For emergencies, have on hand: Medical alert ID (such as a bracelet, necklace, or card) that says you have diabetes Emergency contact information Emergency preparedness supplies The American Diabetes Association recommends storing 3 days' worth of diabetes supplies in case of emergencies such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, or blizzards. Depending on how you manage your diabetes, this could include diabetes pills, insulin and insulin supplies, extra batteries, and quick-acting sources of glucose, as well as standard supplies such as food that doesn't spoil, and water. Store these supplies in a waterproof container in a place where you can get to them easily. You may want to keep a set of emergency supplies at home, work, and in your car.


Question: What foot care supplies can you use to help with diabetes?

Answer: These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have. These supplies can help: Toenail scissors and an emery board or nail file Mirror, if needed, to help you inspect your feet daily for cuts or blisters Seamless, padded socks if you have nerve damage in your feet Diabetes raises your chances of getting gum disease and other dental problems.


Question: What foods should I keep around if I have diabetes?

Answer: To keep your blood glucose at good levels, it's a good idea to have: Glucose tablets or other emergency sugar sources Healthy snacks for between meals Low-sugar drinks (including water) to stay hydrated Keep a good supply of fast-acting sugars in several places -- such as a backpack, purse, gym locker, and car -- in case of sugar lows. Glucose tablets are easy to carry. Other possible sources include apple or orange juice or regular soda. Chocolate is not good because it takes longer to digest. If you live with other people, let them know these supplies are not for them to eat.


Question: Why do I need to keep a home ketone test if I have diabetes?

Answer: Another important item to stock if you have type 1 diabetes is: A home ketone test, to test for ketones in your urine or blood This can help you know how well insulin is working to fuel cells. You can get home ketone test strips for urine at your local drugstore. Some of the newer home blood-sugar meters can also measure ketone levels in the blood. But the ketone test strip for meters is different than the one used for checking your blood sugar.


Question: What should I carry with me if I inject insulin for diabetes?

Answer: If your kit doesn't include one, it's useful to also have: A record book for tracking your blood glucose levels If you inject insulin for your diabetes, you'll want to have these supplies on hand: Insulin Syringes, or disposable or reusable insulin pens Needles A sharps container for safely disposing of needles Glucose tablets or gels 2 glucagon shot kits Depending on where you live, you may be able to buy needles and syringes in bulk without a prescription.


Question: Do I need to store insulin injection supplies?

Answer: If you buy extra supplies of insulin to cut costs, store bottles that aren't open in the refrigerator until they expire. You may need to store pens or cartridges another way -- ask your pharmacist. You can bring cold insulin to room temperature just before using it so you have less pain and irritation. Or you can keep a bottle you're using at room temperature for up to a month. But after a month, throw out any opened insulin that isn't used.


Question: How can I take glucose medications to avoid low blood sugar?

Answer: If your blood sugar is low (below 70 mg/d L) and you have symptoms of low blood sugar, you can take 3-4 glucose tablets or one serving of glucose gel. Wait about 15 minutes and then check your blood sugar levels again. If they are still low, take another 3-4 glucose tablets or a serving of glucose gel. Continue testing and treating in the same way until your blood sugar levels are normal. ( If your meter reading is low but you have no symptoms, you should probably retest first to confirm your blood sugar is low, then proceed as above.)


Question: What supplies should I keep if I use an insulin pump?

Answer: If you use an insulin pump, keep these supplies handy: Rapid or fast-acting insulin Infusion sets Reservoirs to hold the insulin Extra batteries An emergency supply of syringes or insulin pens in the unlikely, but possible, event that the pump stops working If you use an insulin pump, it's always good to have extra infusion sets on hand, because you need a new one every few days. And they do get yanked out sometimes. Some diabetes educators advise keeping an emergency syringe or pen and insulin in your purse or wallet if you pump.


Question: What dental care supplies should I keep if I have diabetes?

Answer: These supplies can help: Toenail scissors and an emery board or nail file Mirror, if needed, to help you inspect your feet daily for cuts or blisters Seamless, padded socks if you have nerve damage in your feet Diabetes raises your chances of getting gum disease and other dental problems. Keep these supplies handy for daily mouth care: A toothbrush with soft, rounded bristles, which are less likely to hurt your gums than the stiffer bristles on a standard brush Fluoride toothpaste Dental floss, to clean away plaque and food from between teeth and below the gum line Antiseptic mouthwash to rinse daily Replace your toothbrush when the bristles are worn, or every 3 to 4 months.


Question: What is an important item to keep in stock if you have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Another important item to stock if you have type 1 diabetes is: A home ketone test, to test for ketones in your urine or blood This can help you know how well insulin is working to fuel cells. You can get home ketone test strips for urine at your local drugstore. Some of the newer home blood-sugar meters can also measure ketone levels in the blood. But the ketone test strip for meters is different than the one used for checking your blood sugar.


Question: How can a glucose monitoring supplies help you manage diabetes?

Answer: Many kits include: Glucose testing strips A monitor, which usually gives readouts within 5 seconds A carrying case for the meter and, if you take insulin, your insulin, pens, needles, and alcohol swabs Lancets and lancing devices Liquid kits, to make sure your meter readings are correct Some kits include other items, like a clear cap for testing on different parts of your body. All monitors have a memory feature that keeps track of your past glucose readings. Some will compute your daily average blood sugar. If you have problems with your eyesight, some monitors have a voice function that tells you how to check your sugar and gives you your test result. Some monitors also have a larger font size. Contact the National Federation for the Blind for a list of products that can help. If your kit doesn't include one, it's useful to also have: A record book for tracking your blood glucose levels If you inject insulin for your diabetes, you'll want to have these supplies on hand: Insulin Syringes, or disposable or reusable insulin pens Needles A sharps container for safely disposing of needles Glucose tablets or gels 2 glucagon shot kits Depending on where you live, you may be able to buy needles and syringes in bulk without a prescription.


Question: What skin care supplies can help you with diabetes?

Answer: Diabetes can affect every part of your body. Prevent dry skin and tend to cuts or other wounds right away -- it can help prevent infections and skin conditions. These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have.


Question: What dental care supplies can you use to help with diabetes?

Answer: These supplies can help: Toenail scissors and an emery board or nail file Mirror, if needed, to help you inspect your feet daily for cuts or blisters Seamless, padded socks if you have nerve damage in your feet Diabetes raises your chances of getting gum disease and other dental problems. Keep these supplies handy for daily mouth care: A toothbrush with soft, rounded bristles, which are less likely to hurt your gums than the stiffer bristles on a standard brush Fluoride toothpaste Dental floss, to clean away plaque and food from between teeth and below the gum line Antiseptic mouthwash to rinse daily Replace your toothbrush when the bristles are worn, or every 3 to 4 months.


Question: What is obesity and how can it lead to heart failure?

Answer: More than one-third of Americans are obese. That means the ratio of their weight to their height, known as body mass index or BMI, is 30 or higher. Extra weight puts more strain on your heart. Being obese also makes you more likely to have diseases linked to heart failure, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or sleep apnea.


Question: What is heart muscle disease (Cardiomyopathy) and how can it lead to heart failure?

Answer: This disease damages your heart muscle and makes it so weak it can't pump blood like it should. Cardiomyopathy can run in families, or it can be caused by coronary artery disease, a virus, or another condition.


Question: What is the final word on the Dukan Diet?

Answer: If you have a lot of weight to lose, this phase could go on for months or even years, which could lead to a nutritionally inadequate diet. If you're looking to lose a relatively small amount of weight fast, then this diet may work for you. If you are over 50 or have a condition, like diabetes, or need to lose a lot of weight, talk to your doctor first.


Question: What is an allergy?

Answer: Allergies are very common. At least 1 in 5 Americans has one. It starts when you come into contact with a trigger that you inhale, swallow, or get on your skin.


Question: What are symptoms of an allergy?

Answer: Your symptoms depend on how you're exposed -- through the air, your skin, food, or through an insect sting. If you've got a nasal allergy (one that's triggered by something you inhale), common symptoms include: Itchy, watery eyes Sneezing Itchy, runny nose Feeling tired or ill Common symptoms of a skin allergy include rashes and hives (a rash with raised red patches).


Question: What happens during an allergic reaction?

Answer: It starts when you come into contact with a trigger that you inhale, swallow, or get on your skin. In response, your body starts to make a protein called Ig E, which grabs onto the allergen. Then histamine and other chemicals get released into the blood. That causes the symptoms you notice.


Question: What are common symptoms of skin allergy?

Answer: If you've got a nasal allergy (one that's triggered by something you inhale), common symptoms include: Itchy, watery eyes Sneezing Itchy, runny nose Feeling tired or ill Common symptoms of a skin allergy include rashes and hives (a rash with raised red patches).


Question: What are the warning signs of fatigue?

Answer: Know the warning signs of fatigue: Tired eyes Tired legs Whole-body tiredness Stiff shoulders Trouble concentrating Weakness or malaise Boredom or lack of motivation Exhaustion, even after sleeping Irritability Nervousness, anxiety, or impatience 1.


Question: How do vitamins affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Get enough vitamins. Ask your doctor whether you should take a vitamin supplement if you're not sure you're getting enough nutrients. A multivitamin provides many of the nutrients your body needs. But vitamin supplements don't have calories, so make sure you eat nutritious foods to get your calories.


Question: What is breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Fatigue is a daily lack of energy or whole-body tiredness that doesn't go away, even with good sleep. It can keep you from doing normal, daily things, and it affects your quality of life. Sometimes it's "acute," meaning it lasts a month or less. In other cases it's "chronic" and lasts up to 6 months or longer. Usually, it comes on suddenly, and may continue after you're done with your treatment.


Question: How does depression cause breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Depression and fatigue often go hand in hand, but it may not be clear which started first. One way to sort this out is to try to understand your depressed feelings and how they affect your life. Let your doctor know if you feel depressed all the time, were depressed before your cancer diagnosis, or are preoccupied with feelings of worthlessness.


Question: How does protein affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Get plenty of protein. It rebuilds and repairs damaged cells. Women need about 46 grams per day, and men need 56 grams. Good sources of protein include dairy foods, meat, eggs, and beans.


Question: When is it a good time for cancer patients who feel fatigue to call the doctor?

Answer: Although cancer-related fatigue is a common side effect of cancer and its treatments, you should mention any of your concerns to your doctor. There are times when fatigue may be a clue to an underlying medical problem. Other times, there may be things your doctor can do to help control fatigue. Be sure to let your doctor or nurse know if you have: Shortness of breath Pain Side effects from treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite) Anxiety or nervousness Depression


Question: How does surgery cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: Everyone recovers from surgery at different rates. This can also cause some daily exhaustion.


Question: How do exercise and a slower metabolism cause fatigue?

Answer: If your thyroid gland is underactive, your metabolism may slow down so much that your body doesn't burn food fast enough to give you energy. This is a common condition, but it can also happen after radiation therapy to the lymph nodes in the neck. In older people, being less active and having problems moving around can lead to fatigue. Younger people in treatment sometimes overexert themselves and bring on daily lack of energy or whole-body tiredness. Chronic, severe pain makes it worse.


Question: How can your doctor help improve your breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: The first step is to try to figure out the source or sources of your fatigue. There may be more than one reason you're feeling this way. Your doctor can do tests to check for anemia or hypothyroidism. If you have one of these conditions, treatments can help. If you think your cancer treatment is the cause, you can talk to your doctor about ways to help you manage it, or discuss other options.


Question: How do relaxation techniques help fight fatigue?

Answer: Relaxation techniques like deep breathing or visualization can lower stress, too. Or just do low-key things that are fun for you -- read, listen to music, or knit, for example. Let your doctor know if your stress seems out of control. He can help you feel better.


Question: How does targeted therapy cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: High amounts of these medications can lead to long-lasting fatigue.