Question: What causes yeast infections in men?

Answer: Candida albicans is a common fungus. You've probably got a small amount living in your mouth, digestive tract, or on moist parts of your skin. Women often have some in their vagina. Most of the time, Candida doesn't cause any problems. But if too much of it grows in one place, you get a yeast infection. You could get this inside your mouth (doctors call this oral thrush) or as a skin infection. Men can also get a yeast infection on the tip of their penis. This leads to an inflammation called balanitis. It's more common in men who aren't circumcised and have a foreskin that's still intact.


Question: How are yeast infections in men diagnosed?

Answer: Since many sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) share some of the symptoms of a yeast infection, you shouldn't try to diagnose yourself. See your doctor. He'll ask about your symptoms and examine your penis.


Question: Can yeast infections in men cause complications?

Answer: If your immune system is weak, there's a chance that the fungus can spread into your bloodstream. This is a serious condition called invasive candidiasis. The odds are higher when you: Have HIV Have diabetes Are having chemotherapy or radiation Need dialysis Are taking immunosuppressants (drugs that quiet your immune system) Have a central venous catheter (a tube in your chest that's used to give you medicine) A high fever, chills, upset stomach, and headache are all signs that your yeast infection may have spread. If you notice these symptoms, call your doctor right away.


Question: What's the treatment for yeast infections in men?

Answer: You're more likely to get a yeast infection when you: Have been taking antibiotics for a long time Have diabetes Are overweight Have a weak immune system (like people who have HIV) Have trouble cleaning yourself You can also get a yeast infection on your penis through sex. This goes on the head of your penis and under your foreskin until your symptoms go away, which could take 7 to 10 days. You'll also need to avoid sex until you're better. If itching is a problem, your doctor can also give you a corticosteroid (steroid) cream to offer some relief. If an antifungal or corticosteroid cream doesn't clear up your infection, let your doctor know. He may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor).


Question: What are synthetic oxygen carriers in blood doping?

Answer: These are chemicals that have the ability to carry oxygen. Two examples are: HBOCs (hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers) PFCs (perfluorocarbons) Synthetic oxygen carriers have a legitimate medical use as emergency therapy. It is used when a patient needs a blood transfusion but: human blood is not available there is a high risk of blood infection there isn't enough time to find the proper match of blood type Athletes use synthetic oxygen carriers to achieve the same performance-enhancing effects of other types of blood doping: increased oxygen in the blood that helps fuel muscles.


Question: What are injections of erythropoietin in blood doping?

Answer: EPO is a hormone produced by the kidney. It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. In medical practice, EPO injections are given to stimulate the production of red blood cells. For example, a synthetic EPO can be used to treat patients with anemia related to chronic or end-stage kidney disease. Athletes using EPO do so to encourage their bodies to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood cells to enhance performance.


Question: What are the risks of synthetic oxygen carriers for blood doping?

Answer: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot


Question: What are the three widely used types of blood doping?

Answer: The three widely used types of blood doping are: blood transfusions injections of erythropoietin ( EPO) injections of synthetic oxygen carriers Here are some more details about each of these types of blood doping: Blood transfusions.


Question: What are the risks of erythropoietin injections for blood doping?

Answer: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot


Question: What are the risks of blood transfusions for blood doping?

Answer: Blood doping via transfusion carries additional risks. Tainted blood can spread infectious diseases such as: HIV hepatitis B hepatitis C Over time, repeated blood transfusions can cause a dangerous buildup of iron in the body.


Question: What are the types of blood transfusions used for blood doping?

Answer: Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance. There are two types. Autologous transfusion. This involves a transfusion of the athlete's own blood, which is drawn and then stored for future use. Homologous transfusion. In this type of transfusion, athletes use the blood of someone else with the same blood type.


Question: What are the risks of blood doping?

Answer: It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. This thickening forces the heart to work harder than normal to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, blood doping raises the risk of: blood clot heart attack stroke An estimated 20 European cyclists are believed to have died as a result of blood doping over the past 25 years.


Question: What is blood doping?

Answer: In many cases, blood doping increases the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance.


Question: Where can I get my fiber if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You don't have to get all that fiber at once. A few pieces of fruit, such as a banana together with an apple in its skin, provide 7 grams of fiber. One ounce of almonds gets you halfway there. Try whole grains instead of refined ones to add a few grams of fiber to your morning cereal or lunchtime sandwich.


Question: How much fiber should I get if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Fiber can help you feel full and control your blood sugar. But most people don't get enough. On average, Americans get about 16 grams of fiber per day, less than half the recommendation for men (30-36 grams) and about two-thirds of what women should get (25 grams). A recent study found that people who ate an extra 7 grams of fiber a day lowered their risk for heart disease. That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely.


Question: How much should I exercise if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You know how important exercise is for weight loss and overall health, but sometimes getting to the gym for even a half-hour just isn't in the cards. The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals.


Question: How much should I exercise in a week if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Aim to add 10 minutes of moderate exercise to your daily routine, and then continue tacking it on until you hit at least 150 minutes per week.


Question: How can I burn more calories if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: To burn more calories, take a brisk walk, or do strength training moves while you watch TV. Start slow and aim for regular sessions of at least three times a week. Over time, gradually make your workouts longer and more challenging. Find an activity you enjoy.


Question: What should I do if I have already lost weight if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: After you've lost that first 5% of your weight, press on. One study found that people with type 2 diabetes improved their blood sugar control when they lost as little as 2% of their body weight. But to see even more improvements, like a lower risk of heart disease and improved blood sugar over the long term, aim to drop 10 to 15% of your body weight.


Question: What is the most effective way to manage type 2 diabetes?

Answer: So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off. Later, you can build from that success. Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes.


Question: What can losing weight do for my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Research shows that losing 5% of your extra weight will make you less likely to get heart disease by improving blood pressure, blood sugar, and HDL cholesterol (the good kind).


Question: How much vegetables should I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: And yet, most adults don't get the recommended three to five servings a day. You can start small. Just add one vegetable in place of another food once a day.


Question: How can I eat healthier if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Skip the bag of potato chips, and try fresh celery sticks. Cook a little less pasta, and bulk up the dish with vegetables such as artichoke hearts, zucchini, or mushrooms. Use lettuce as sandwich wraps for lunch, or toss leftover veggies in with eggs for a quick breakfast. Changes like these can shave off calories, give you more fiber, and help you feel full. That can mean weight loss and better blood sugar control.


Question: What are the benefits to losing more weight if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals. These changes can motivate you to continue shedding pounds if you need to. Keep adding more minutes of exercise, and more vegetables, too. It's all part of putting yourself in charge of your diabetes.


Question: How can I manage my type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes. You can start small.


Question: What activities can I do if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely. But everything counts, even fidgeting. Just standing or pacing while talking on the phone can help lower blood pressure and total cholesterol.


Question: How much weight should I lose if I have type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Here are five manageable goals to shoot for: You might see your ideal weight as 30, 40, or more pounds lighter than you are right now. So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off.


Question: How can you get help for gout?

Answer: The pain from a gout attack usually gets better in 3 to 10 days. But you'll feel better faster if the gout is treated. If you think you might have it, contact your doctor. An exam and tests will show if it's gout or something else, like an infection. Talk with your doctor about the best medicines for you. The type will depend on how well your kidneys work, the possible side effects, and other health issues.


Question: How is gout treated?

Answer: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack.


Question: How can prescription medicines help with gout?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend one of these medicines that you can't get over the counter: Allopurinol ( Aloprim, Zyloprim)reduces uric acid production. Colchicine ( Colcrys) reduces inflammation. Febuxostat ( Uloric) reduces uric acid production. Indomethacin ( Indocin) is a stronger NSAID pain reliever. Lesinurad helps your body get rid of uric acid when you pee. Pegloticase ( Krystexxa) breaks down uric acid. Probenecid ( Benemid) helps the kidneys excrete uric acid from your body. Steroids (also called corticosteroids) fight inflammation.


Question: What are other ways to prevent a gout attack?

Answer: Along with medicine, your doctor may suggest other ways to prevent another attack: Exercise and eat a balanced diet to control your weight. Drink lots of water. Stay away from sugary drinks. Avoid excessive alcohol use, especially beer. Eat less meat, especially liver and sweetbreads, and seafood. Get your protein from foods like low-fat dairy. products like yogurt, cheese and milk. These medicine and lifestyle change can help you get through an attack and prevent other attacks.


Question: What nonprescription medicines are used to treat gout?

Answer: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack. Popular types are ibuprofen and naproxen. If you take NSAIDs in the first 24 hours, it can help shorten the attack. Other ways to reduce the pain are to ice, rest, and raise the joint.


Question: Does a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score mean I have prostate cancer?

Answer: If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. Fact: Not necessarily. An inflamed prostate can drive up your numbers. The score helps your doctor decide if you need more tests to check for prostate cancer. Also, he'll watch your PSA score over time.


Question: If I get prostate cancer, will I die of the disease?

Answer: Fact: Many men with prostate cancer are likely to live to an old age or die of some other cause.


Question: Does prostate cancer surgery end your sex life and cause urine leakage?

Answer: Fact: Your surgeon may be able to spare the nerves that help trigger erections. That means you should be able to have an erection strong enough for sex again. But it may be a while. Recovery can take from 4 to 24 months, maybe longer. Younger men usually heal sooner. If you still have trouble, ask your doctor about treatments for erectile dysfunction. There are medications and devices that can help. He'll tell you if they're right for you. Other prostate cancer treatments, like radiation and hormone therapy, also can affect your sex life. Talk to your doctor about your choices. You might leak urine after surgery, but it's usually short-term. Within a year, about 95% of men have as much bladder control as they did before the operation.


Question: Do I have to start treatment right away for prostate cancer?

Answer: Fact: You and your doctor may decide not to treat your prostate cancer. Reasons include: It's in an early stage and is growing very slowly. You're elderly or have other illnesses. Prostate cancer treatment may not prolong your life and may make it harder to care for your other health problems. In such cases, your doctor will likely suggest âactive surveillance.â This means that he'll check you often and order tests to see if your cancer is getting worse. If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment.


Question: Do glucagon and insulin work similarly?

Answer: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel.


Question: How can you treat low blood sugar?

Answer: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.


Question: What does glucagon do?

Answer: To help you keep the level steady and healthy, your body makes a hormone called glucagon while you sleep and after you eat. It's made in your pancreas, a small organ above your liver, and it can raise levels of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. That's the fuel your muscles and organs use to work and stay healthy. Glucagon helps your liver break down the food you eat to make glucose.


Question: How does glucagon and insulin affect your blood sugar levels?

Answer: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make insulin or doesn't make enough. This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.


Question: How can you inform others about how to manage low blood sugar?

Answer: If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit.


Question: Can you have hypoglycemia in your sleep?

Answer: You might have it if you feel you are: Confused Dizzy Having difficulty with speech Headachy Hungry Lightheaded Nauseous Nervous Shaky or unsteady Sweaty You can have hypoglycemia in your sleep, too. That can cause nightmares or night sweats. You may cry out in your sleep or wake up feeling tired or confused.


Question: Can you make too much glucagon?

Answer: You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.


Question: What happens if your blood sugar gets too low?

Answer: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.


Question: How do you know if you have low blood sugar?

Answer: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.


Question: What can happen if you have low blood sugar?

Answer: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.


Question: What does hypoglycemia mean and what are its symptoms?

Answer: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.


Question: How can you treat hypoglycemia?

Answer: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.


Question: How does glucagon work?

Answer: Glucose goes from your liver into your blood to give you energy. Glucagon can tell your liver not to take in too much glucose from the food you eat and to release stored sugar into your blood instead. If your blood sugar dips too low, your pancreas releases glucagon to tell your liver to make more glucose. Glucagon can also play a role in how amino acids (compounds that help make up muscles and tissue in your body) make glucose. And it can break down triglycerides, or fat your body stores, into fuel. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals.


Question: How do you treat severe hypoglycemia?

Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels.


Question: What helps hypoglycemia?

Answer: This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. Glucagon can help with hypoglycemia so you feel right again. Hypoglycemia refers to a blood sugar level that's gotten too low.


Question: How does having diabetes affect glucagon?

Answer: This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin.


Question: How can you treat severe low blood sugar?

Answer: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit. This contains the hormone in a powder and a syringe filled with fluid. It will have clear instructions on how to quickly mix and inject the glucagon shot.


Question: What are the warning signs of a stroke?

Answer: These are called transient ischemic attacks (also called TIA or "mini-stroke"), brief episodes of the stroke symptoms listed above. A TIA is when a blockage, caused by a clot, is temporary. These leave no permanent brain damage but do put you at higher risk for a subsequent stroke. Some people have no warning signs before a stroke, or symptoms are so mild that they are not noticeable. Regular check-ups are important in catching problems before they become serious. Report any symptoms or risk factors to your doctor.


Question: What are the types of strokes?

Answer: There are two types of stroke: Ischemic strokeis similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.


Question: What is a stroke?

Answer: These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.


Question: What growth problems can children with Williams syndrome have?

Answer: Babies born with Williams syndrome can be very small. They may have trouble eating, and might not gain weight or grow as quickly as other children. As adults, they are often shorter than most people.


Question: Which specialist can be involved in taking care of a child with Williams syndrome?

Answer: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too.


Question: What facial features do children with Williams syndrome have?

Answer: Children with Williams syndrome have unique facial features that may include: Wide forehead Bridge of the nose is flattened Short nose with a large tip Wide mouth with full lips Small chin Small, widely spaced teeth Missing or crooked teeth Uneven eyes Folds over the corners of the eyes White starburst pattern around the iris, or colored part of the eye Long face and neck (in adulthood) Many with Williams syndrome have problems with their heart and blood vessels.


Question: What learning problems can children with Williams syndrome have?

Answer: Learning problems are common in children with Williams syndrome. They range from mild to severe. Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. They may have a learning disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). On the other hand, lots of children with Williams syndrome have very good memories and learn new things quickly. They tend to speak and read well, and often have musical talent.


Question: How is Williams syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. Your doctor will do an exam and ask about your family medical history. Then the doctor will look for facial features like an upturned nose, wide forehead, and small teeth. An electrocardiogram ( EKG) or ultrasound can check for heart problems. A bladder and kidney ultrasound can check for urinary tract conditions. Your child might get a blood test called FISH, or fluorescence in situ hybridization, to see if any genes are missing. Most people with Williams syndrome will not have the ELN gene. Because these issues can develop over time, doctors will want to see your child regularly.


Question: What is Williams syndrome?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Their nose, mouth, and other facial features may be unique. They sometimes have trouble learning. Children with Williams syndrome will need to see many doctors throughout their lives. But with the right treatment, they can stay healthy and do well in school. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems.


Question: What are possible symptoms of Williams syndrome?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Curved spine, called scoliosis Ear infections Early puberty Farsightedness Hernia High levels of calcium in the blood Hoarse voice Joint and bone problems Kidney problems Urinary tract infections Williams syndrome is usually diagnosed before a child is 4 years old.


Question: What causes Williams syndrome?

Answer: Babies with Williams syndrome are born without certain genes. In a small number of cases, babies inherit the genetic deletion from a parent with the condition, but it is usually a random disorder in the genes. It can also affect a child's ability to learn.


Question: What are treatments for Williams syndrome?

Answer: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems. Every child with Williams syndrome is different. Some can lead a very normal life. Others have more serious health and learning problems. They may need lifelong medical care.


Question: How can Williams syndrome affect the heart and blood vessels?

Answer: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. The aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, may be narrowed. The pulmonary arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs also may be narrowed. High blood pressure is common. Narrowed arteries don't let as much oxygen-rich blood reach the heart and body. High blood pressure and decreased blood flow can damage the heart.


Question: What is a facet joint block?

Answer: Facet joint block: Also known as a zygapophysial joint block, the facet joint block is performed to determine whether a facet joint is a source of pain. Facet joints are located on the back of the spine, where one vertebra slightly overlaps another. These joints guide and restrict the spines movement.


Question: What are risks and side effects of nerve blocks?

Answer: Nerve blocks do have risks and side effects. They include: Elevated blood sugars Rash Itching Weight gain Extra energy Soreness at the site of injection Bleeding Death (in rare cases) Although many kinds of nerve blocks exist, this treatment cannot always be used.


Question: How are nerve blocks used?

Answer: Therapeutic nerve blocks are used to treat painful conditions. Diagnostic nerve blocks are used to determine sources of pain. Prognostic nerve blocks predict the outcomes of given treatments. Preemptive nerve blocks are meant to prevent subsequent pain from a procedure that can cause problems including phantom limb pain. Nerve blocks can be used, in some cases, to avoid surgery.


Question: What things might your partner worry about if you have diabetes?

Answer: It's common for your partner to worry about: Serious health complications, like blindness or amputations How to help you control your diabetes day to day and to deal with any blood sugar emergencies If you'll be able to take care of your family and other responsibilities Money and insurance coverage If you don't talk about these issues candidly, the stressors over time can put a wedge in your relationship.


Question: What do studies say about relationships and diabetes?

Answer: Managing your type 2 diabetes is a big part of your life. If you have a partner or a spouse, diabetes becomes a part of their life, too. Studies show that a supportive partner can help you better manage your disease. Both of you should learn about the danger of high and low blood sugar levels, insulin and other medications, the benefits of exercise, and the best diet to keep your blood sugar under control. Consider taking your partner along on your doctors' appointments or to diabetes classes.


Question: What are some lifestyle tips to prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: These strategies may also help prevent GERD: Relieve stress: See if yoga, meditation, or tai chi can cut your symptoms. Chew gum after meals: You'll make more saliva, which helps neutralize heartburn-causing acid. Wear loose clothing: Tight clothing, especially around your stomach, can push stomach acid upward.


Question: How can losing weight help in preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: Being overweight puts extra pressure on your stomach, which pushes food and acid up toward your esophagus. If you need to shed pounds, you'll see improvements in GERD if you lose just 10 to 15 pounds. Talk to your doctor to figure out a plan to drop no more than about 1 to 2 pounds each week.


Question: What changes to my bedtime routine can help prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer: They can bring on GERD symptoms, so limit them or cut back completely if you can. Try not to snack or dine at least 2 to 3 hours before you go to sleep. Prop up the head of your bed 6 to 10 inches. You can keep heartburn and other GERD symptoms away if you put your head and chest above your stomach. It helps gravity keep what's in your stomach away from your esophagus. Don't prop your back up with pillows, though, since that may bend your body in a way that puts pressure on your stomach. Instead, use a foam wedge under your mattress, or put blocks of wood under the top legs of the bed.


Question: How is presbyopia treated?

Answer: But there are a lot of ways to improve it. Readers: Yes, those cheap glasses you see at the drugstore can often do the trick. Pick the weakest pair that lets you see what you need to read. Bifocals work for many people. If you have glasses already, this might be the option for you. They're eyeglasses with two different prescriptions in one lens. The top part corrects for distance vision. The lower section helps you see objects up close. Progressive lenses are similar to bifocals, but there's a gradual or blended transition between the two prescriptions instead of separate sections Contact lenses can also treat presbyopia. You might try: Multifocal lenses, which come in soft or gas-permeable versions. Monovision lenses: One lens helps you see objects at a distance. The other is for close-up vision.


Question: What are the symptoms of presbyopia?

Answer: You'll notice: You need to hold reading material at arm's length.


Question: How do you know if you have presbyopia?

Answer: Blurred vision at a normal reading distance Headaches or fatigue from doing close work Your eye doctor can diagnose presbyopia with a thorough eye exam.


Question: How does presbyopia occur?

Answer: Presbyopia is often confused with farsightedness, but the two are different. Presbyopia happens when the natural lens in the eye gets less flexible. Farsightedness is from a misshaped eyeball that causes light rays to focus incorrectly once they have entered the eye.


Question: What other procedures can treat presbyopia?

Answer: KAMRA Inlay is an FDA-approved implant. That means a doctor will surgically place it in one eye. It can work for people with presbyopia who haven't had cataract surgery. Other procedures are available as well.


Question: How is a Raindrop Inlay used to treat presbyopia?

Answer: KAMRA Inlay is an FDA-approved implant. That means a doctor will surgically place it in one eye.


Question: How can you treat presbyopia?

Answer: But there are a lot of ways to improve it. Readers: Yes, those cheap glasses you see at the drugstore can often do the trick. Pick the weakest pair that lets you see what you need to read.


Question: How is presbyopia diagnosed?

Answer: Blurred vision at a normal reading distance Headaches or fatigue from doing close work Your eye doctor can diagnose presbyopia with a thorough eye exam.


Question: Do bifocals work to treat presbyopia?

Answer: If you have glasses already, this might be the option for you. They're eyeglasses with two different prescriptions in one lens. The top part corrects for distance vision. The lower section helps you see objects up close. It can work for people with presbyopia who haven't had cataract surgery.


Question: How can you help prevent your child's bedwetting?

Answer: Reduce evening fluid intake. Do not give your child anything to drink in the two hours before bedtime, especially drinks such as tea or sodas that contain caffeine. Have your child go to the bathroom before getting into bed. Instead of focusing on making it through the night dry, help your child understand that it is more important to wake up every night to use the toilet. Make sure the child has easy access to the toilet. The child gets a sticker on the chart for every night of remaining dry. Consider using absorbent pants at night. Some believe that you should avoid using absorbent pants at home because they can interfere with the motivation to wake up and use the toilet. Others argue that absorbent pants help the child feel more independent and confident. Talk to your child's doctor to determine what is best for your child.


Question: What type of insulin do you need?

Answer: Insulin comes in four basic forms: Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within 30 minutes after injection. Its effects only last 2 to 3 hours. Regular- or short-acting insulin takes about 30 minutes to work and lasts for about 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin takes up to 4 hours to work fully. It peaks anywhere from 4 to 12 hours, and its effects can last for about 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting insulin begins to work in about 2 hours and then lasts up to a full day, steadily without a real peak. Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level.


Question: What questions might your doctor ask you about insulin?

Answer: How do you feel while taking your insulin? Have you noticed any side effects? How are you responding to your insulin dose? Are you having any problems with high or low blood sugar? Have you had any trouble using your insulin syringe, pen, or pump? Do you know how to store and dispose of your used syringes or needles?


Question: What can I eat while taking insulin?

Answer: Ask your doctor for food recommendations to help your insulin work best. For instance, you'll want to know how much to eat at each meal, which types of foods are best for you to eat, whether you need to have snacks, and when you should eat. If you drink alcohol, ask your doctor if that's OK while you're taking insulin, and what your limit should be.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about the side effects of insulin?

Answer: The most common side effects are low blood sugar and weight gain. Ask your doctor what others you might have, and what to do if you get them.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about reusing syringes?

Answer: Doing so can lower your costs, but it is not without risk. Ask your doctor if that's safe for you, and how to keep your syringes clean so you don't get an infection. If you throw out your syringes after each use, ask how to safely dispose of them.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about when to take insulin?

Answer: It depends on things such as: The type of insulin you use (fast-acting, premixed, etc.) How much and what type of food you eat How much exercise you get Other health conditions you have The type of insulin delivery system (such as shots, pump, or inhaler) you use Your doctor may want you to take insulin a half-hour before meals, so it's available when sugar from food enters your bloodstream. Find out exactly when during the day you need to take each of your injections, and what to do if you forget to give yourself an injection.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about storing insulin?

Answer: Most insulin makers recommend storing it in the refrigerator, but injecting cold insulin can be uncomfortable. Make sure it's at room temperature before injecting. Ask your doctor whether to store your insulin in the fridge or at room temperature. Also find out how long your insulin will last, and how to tell if it has gone bad.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about the type of insulin I need if I am diabetic?

Answer: Insulin comes in four basic forms: Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within 30 minutes after injection. Its effects only last 2 to 3 hours. Regular- or short-acting insulin takes about 30 minutes to work and lasts for about 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin takes up to 4 hours to work fully. It peaks anywhere from 4 to 12 hours, and its effects can last for about 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting insulin begins to work in about 2 hours and then lasts up to a full day, steadily without a real peak. Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about where to inject insulin?

Answer: Most people inject it into their lower belly area, since it's easy to reach. ( Be sure to stay at least 2 inches from the belly button.) You can also inject insulin into your arms, thighs, or buttocks. Ask your doctor or diabetes educator to show you the right way to inject, including how to keep your needle and skin clean to prevent infections. Also learn how to rotate the injection site so you don't develop hard, fatty deposits under the skin from repeated injections.


Question: How do I know what diet changes to make if I use insulin?

Answer: Ask your doctor for food recommendations to help your insulin work best. For instance, you'll want to know how much to eat at each meal, which types of foods are best for you to eat, whether you need to have snacks, and when you should eat. If you drink alcohol, ask your doctor if that's OK while you're taking insulin, and what your limit should be.


Question: How should I give myself insulin?

Answer: To inject insulin, you can use a syringe, pen, or pump. If you use an insulin pump, ask your doctor when you'll need to give yourself an extra amount of insulin (bolus). If you have type 1 diabetes, you may need up to three or four injections daily. People with type 2 diabetes may need just one shot of insulin a day, possibly increasing to three or four injections. There is also a rapid-acting inhaled insulin that you can use before meals only. If you have type 1 diabetes, you must also use long-acting insulin. Talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of each method. How are you responding to your insulin dose? Have you had any trouble using your insulin syringe, pen, or pump?


Question: What is my target blood sugar level?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level. Find out your target blood sugar range before and after meals, as well as at bedtime. For most people with diabetes, the targets are: 70 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after a meal Ask what to do if your blood sugar doesn't stay within range, and how often you need to have your A1 C level tested.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my blood sugar level?

Answer: Your doctor can tell you which type will work best with your diabetes type and blood sugar level. Find out your target blood sugar range before and after meals, as well as at bedtime. For most people with diabetes, the targets are: 70 to 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L) before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after a meal Ask what to do if your blood sugar doesn't stay within range, and how often you need to have your A1 C level tested.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about other medications and insulin?

Answer: Does insulin affect other medicines I take? Are you having any problems with high or low blood sugar?


Question: How does photodynamic ("light") therapy treat Bowen's disease?

Answer: Photodynamic (âlightâ) therapy: This uses ultraviolet light rays to heal your skin. Sometimes you may put medication on your skin to make the cells more sensitive to the light.


Question: How is fluorouracil used to treat Bowen's disease?

Answer: Fluorouracil: This is medication you put on your skin. It keeps the abnormal cells from growing and reproducing. It can cause redness, soreness, or peeling after 1 or 2 weeks, but this usually goes away within a month or two.


Question: How is imiquimod used to treat Bowen's disease?

Answer: Imiquimod: This is also medication you put on your skin. Doctors don't know exactly how it works against cancer, but when it's used to treat warts, it helps your immune system fight the virus that causes them.


Question: What is curettage and electrodessication for Bowen's disease?

Answer: Besides surgery, other treatment options are: Curettage and electrodessication: You're given a shot of anesthetic to numb the area, and your doctor scrapes off the patches with a special tool. Then she'll use high-frequency electric current to stop the bleeding. She may repeat the process if there are still cancer cells in deeper tissue.


Question: What is removed in Mohs surgery for Bowen's disease?

Answer: If you have a larger patch, you may need a more detailed procedure called Mohs surgery. A thin layer of tissue is removed and looked at under a microscope. If cancer cells are seen in the outside edges of the tissue, another thin layer is removed and studied. When no cancer cells are found, the surgery is over.


Question: What causes Bowenoid papulosis?

Answer: Bowenoid papulosis is caused by HPV (human papillomavirus), which also can cause genital warts and cervical cancer. The virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U. S. Sexually active people under 30 are at the highest risk for it, because it's most often passed through skin-to-skin contact.


Question: What causes Bowen's disease other than HPV?

Answer: Scientists aren't sure exactly what causes the other forms of Bowen's disease. However, long-term sun exposure and aging may increase your odds of getting many skin cancers, including this one. Poisoning with arsenic also appears to make you more likely to get this early form of skin cancer.


Question: Who's most likely to get Bowen's disease?

Answer: It usually affects white adults over age 60. Men seem to get it more often than women.


Question: How does liquid nitrogen cryosurgery treat Bowen's disease?

Answer: Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery: Your doctor sprays liquid nitrogen onto the affected area to freeze it. Afterward, the area will peel, blister, or scab over, depending on the amount used.


Question: What is removed in a surgical excision for Bowen's disease?

Answer: Bowen's disease can spread to deeper layers of your skin. Your doctor (a dermatologist, who specializes in skin care and treatment) probably will recommend something called surgical excision. She'll gently remove the cancerous area and about a quarter-inch beyond it.


Question: How does radiation therapy treat Bowen's disease?

Answer: Radiation therapy: One type uses very tiny electrically charged particles (electrons) to target and kill cancer cells. This type of radiation enters only the upper layers of your skin, so deeper tissues and organs are safe.


Question: Why are follow-ups and skin checks necessary after treating Bowen's disease?

Answer: You can't always tell by looking at your skin if you have Bowen's disease. You should have regular follow-ups and skin checks with your doctor.


Question: How is Bowen's disease diagnosis confirmed?

Answer: Many other skin conditions can look the same. It can be mistaken for harmless disorders -- like rashes or eczema -- as well as life-threatening ones, including melanoma. Your doctor usually has to take a sample of your skin for testing (biopsy) to confirm it. If you have Bowen's disease, you're at a higher risk for other types of skin cancers, especially if you have a weak immune system from disease or medical treatments.


Question: Should I take dietary supplements if I have diabetes?

Answer: That's the first step in deciding whether or not to mix diabetes and dietary supplements. He or she can discuss the possible benefits and risks of dietary supplements. Your doctor or pharmacist can also check that any supplements you take will not interact dangerously with your medications. Be sure to list any dietary supplements you take whenever you tell your doctor or any other health care professional about your medications.


Question: Is there any evidence that vitamin or mineral supplements benefit people with diabetes?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association states that there is no evidence that vitamin or mineral supplements will benefit people with type 2 diabetes who do not have an actual deficiency.


Question: Can minerals help control blood sugar?

Answer: Ongoing studies point to two minerals that may be linked to blood sugar control. That's the first step in deciding whether or not to mix diabetes and dietary supplements.


Question: What is dysuria (painful urination) and who gets it?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dysuria is a symptom of pain, discomfort, or burning when urinating. It is more common in women than in men. In men, it is more common in older men than younger men.


Question: What are the questions that my doctor will ask to help determine the cause of dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: To help determine the cause, the doctor may ask whether your painful urination: Started suddenly or gradually Occurred once or many times Is felt at the onset of urination The doctor may also ask if your painful urination is accompanied by symptoms such as: Fever Abnormal discharge Flank pain The doctor may also want to know if the painful urination is accompanied by changes in urine flow, such as: Dribbling Difficulty initiating flow Increased frequency or need to urinate And you may also be asked by your doctor if there are changes in urine character along with painful urination.


Question: What changes in my urine can give clues about the cause of dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: To help determine the cause, the doctor may ask whether your painful urination: Started suddenly or gradually Occurred once or many times Is felt at the onset of urination The doctor may also ask if your painful urination is accompanied by symptoms such as: Fever Abnormal discharge Flank pain The doctor may also want to know if the painful urination is accompanied by changes in urine flow, such as: Dribbling Difficulty initiating flow Increased frequency or need to urinate And you may also be asked by your doctor if there are changes in urine character along with painful urination. These include changes in urine such as: Color Amount Blood in urine Pus in urine Cloudiness Answers to these questions will give your doctor clues to the cause. You will likely need a urine test or other tests to confirm a diagnosis.


Question: What are other symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), aside from dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: Factors that can increase your chance of developing a UTI include: Being a woman Diabetes Advanced age Enlarged prostate Kidney stones Pregnancy Having a urinary catheter in place Besides painful urination, other symptoms of UTI include: Fever Foul or stronger-smelling urine Cloudy or bloody urine Increased urinary frequency or urge to urinate Flank pain Sometimes painful urination can be related to a vaginal infection, such as a yeast infection.


Question: What factors can raise my chances for urinary tract infection (UTI) and lead to dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: These are some of the more common causes of painful urination: Infections. Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. Infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract, including: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder Urethra (tube from the bladder that carries urine out of the body) Urinary tract infections are most often caused by bacteria that get into the urinary tract through the urethra. Factors that can increase your chance of developing a UTI include: Being a woman Diabetes Advanced age Enlarged prostate Kidney stones Pregnancy Having a urinary catheter in place Besides painful urination, other symptoms of UTI include: Fever Foul or stronger-smelling urine Cloudy or bloody urine Increased urinary frequency or urge to urinate Flank pain Sometimes painful urination can be related to a vaginal infection, such as a yeast infection.


Question: What  problems can inflame or irriatate the urinary tract and lead to dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. Infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract, including: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder Urethra (tube from the bladder that carries urine out of the body) Urinary tract infections are most often caused by bacteria that get into the urinary tract through the urethra.


Question: What are the changes in my urine flow that help my doctor determine the cause of dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: To help determine the cause, the doctor may ask whether your painful urination: Started suddenly or gradually Occurred once or many times Is felt at the onset of urination The doctor may also ask if your painful urination is accompanied by symptoms such as: Fever Abnormal discharge Flank pain The doctor may also want to know if the painful urination is accompanied by changes in urine flow, such as: Dribbling Difficulty initiating flow Increased frequency or need to urinate And you may also be asked by your doctor if there are changes in urine character along with painful urination.


Question: What sexually transmitted infections can lead to dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. These include: Genital herpes Chlamydia Gonorrhea Besides painful urination, these sexually transmitted infections can also cause symptoms such as: Itching Burning Blisters or sores for genital herpes Abnormal discharge Inflammation and irritation.


Question: What causes dysuria (painful urination)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dysuria is a symptom of pain, discomfort, or burning when urinating. Urinary tract infections ( UTIs) are one of the leading causes of painful urination. Infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract, including: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) Bladder Urethra (tube from the bladder that carries urine out of the body) Urinary tract infections are most often caused by bacteria that get into the urinary tract through the urethra.


Question: What is alopecia universalis?

Answer: Alopecia universalis causes all body hair to fall out, including the eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic hair.


Question: What causes hair loss?

Answer: Doctors don't know why certain hair follicles are programmed to have a shorter growth period than others. However, several factors may influence hair loss: Hormones, such as abnormal levels of androgens (male hormones normally produced by both men and women) Genes, from both male and female parents, may influence a person's predisposition to male or female pattern baldness. Stress, illness, and childbirthcan cause temporary hair loss. Ringworm caused by a fungal infection can also cause hair loss. Drugs, including chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment, blood thinners, beta-adrenergic blockers used to control blood pressure, and birth control pills, can cause temporary hair loss. Burns, injuries, and X-rays can cause temporary hair loss. In such cases, normal hair growth usually returns once the injury heals unless a scar is produced. Then, hair will never regrow. Autoimmune disease may cause alopecia areata. In alopecia areata, the immune system revs up for unknown reasons and affects the hair follicles. In most people with alopecia areata, the hair grows back, although it may temporarily be very fine and possibly a lighter color before normal coloration and thickness return. Cosmetic procedures, such as shampooing too often, perms, bleaching, and dyeing hair can contribute to overall hair thinning by making hair weak and brittle. Tight braiding, using rollers or hot curlers, and running hair picks through tight curls can also damage and break hair. However, these procedures don't cause baldness. In most instances hair grows back normally if the source of the problem is removed. Still, severe damage to the hair or scalp sometimes causes permanent bald patches. Medical conditions. Thyroid disease, lupus, diabetes, iron deficiency anemia, eating disorders, and anemia can cause hair loss. Most times, when the underlying condition is treated, the hair will return unless there is scarring as in some forms of lupus, lichen planus or follicular disorders. Diet. A low-protein diet or severely calorie-restricted diet can also cause temporary hair loss.


Question: What should I know about hair loss?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Hair grows everywhere on the human skin except on the palms of our hands and the soles of our feet, but many hairs are so fine they're virtually invisible. Hair is made up of a protein called keratin that is produced in hair follicles in the outer layer of skin. As follicles produce new hair cells, old cells are being pushed out through the surface of the skin at the rate of about six inches a year. The hair you can see is actually a string of dead keratin cells. The average adult head has about 100,000 to 150,000 hairs and loses up to 100 of them a day; finding a few stray hairs on your hairbrush is not necessarily cause for alarm.


Question: What is trichotillomania?

Answer: Trichotillomania , seen most frequently in children, is a psychological disorder in which a person pulls out one's own hair.


Question: What is androgenic alopecia?

Answer: Women with this condition, called female pattern baldness, don't experience noticeable thinning until their 40s or later. Women experience a general thinning over the entire scalp, with the most extensive hair loss at the crown. However, several factors may influence hair loss: Hormones, such as abnormal levels of androgens (male hormones normally produced by both men and women) Genes, from both male and female parents, may influence a person's predisposition to male or female pattern baldness.


Question: Which gloves should I use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Try all the different kinds of gloves to find the right one for you. One type keeps your hands warm. These are known as thermals. Another gives you extra support. These are called glove splints. The compression type will provide pressure on your aching fingers and hand joints. You can choose a glove with a combination of features.


Question: What are some tips for maximum relief with rheumatoid arthritis gloves?

Answer: Make sure your gloves fit well. If they're too tight or too loose, there's less chance you'll get any benefits from wearing them. Ask your doctor or therapist if you need help with fit. Stick with the 8-hour rule. You probably won't see any changes if you only wear them for an hour here and there. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves. Your carpal tunnel symptoms could get worse if you wear arthritis gloves at night.


Question: How long are therapy gloves designed to be worn?

Answer: The gloves are designed to be worn for 8 hours -- about the length of time you sleep.


Question: What are tips for maximum relief from rheumatoid arthritis with therapy gloves?

Answer: Make sure your gloves fit well. If they're too tight or too loose, there's less chance you'll get any benefits from wearing them. Ask your doctor or therapist if you need help with fit. Stick with the 8-hour rule. You probably won't see any changes if you only wear them for an hour here and there. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves. Your carpal tunnel symptoms could get worse if you wear arthritis gloves at night.


Question: Can therapy gloves help me feel relaxed and calm?

Answer: Your fingers may be easier to move in the morning. Use of your hand.


Question: When are gloves for rheumatoid arthritis used?

Answer: With the pain comes stiffness and swelling, which can make day-to-day life a challenge. Occupational therapists sometimes recommend arthritis gloves to help with symptoms. You just slip them on to help ease pain and swelling. They could make it easier to deal with your daily activities. If you also have carpal tunnel syndrome, talk to your doctor before you try the gloves.


Question: Can I use my hands if I am using gloves to help rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The gloves aren't going to do much to help you regain the use of your hands, but they might improve your grip. The gloves, and how effective they are, really depends on you and how you react to them. They might help with one symptom but not another. Or they could have no effect at all.


Question: How do I know if my child's pediatrician is qualified to diagnose ADHD?

Answer: Ask if he or she has experience in diagnosing ADHD. Some pediatricians take additional coursework to become familiar with diagnosing the disorder and its medical management. Some do a fellowship specializing in ADHD and learning disabilities.


Question: What should I expect from an ADHD evaluation?

Answer: The therapist should learn as much as possible about your child's behavior. They will talk with you, your child, your child's teachers, and perhaps also with other adults such as tutors or coaches who are part of your child's life. They should also ask you and your child's teachers to fill out standardized evaluation forms. If possible, they may also observe your child in their classroom.


Question: Is depression or anxiety common in children with ADHD and what can be done?

Answer: Some children diagnosed with ADHD may also be experiencing depression or anxiety. In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What should you expect in an ADHD evaluation?

Answer: The therapist should learn as much as possible about your child's behavior. They will talk with you, your child, your child's teachers, and perhaps also with other adults such as tutors or coaches who are part of your child's life. They should also ask you and your child's teachers to fill out standardized evaluation forms. If possible, they may also observe your child in their classroom. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam. If the process leads to an ADHD diagnosis, it should include the specific type of ADHD and help you develop a treatment plan to address the symptoms.


Question: What can you do if you suspect your child has ADHD?

Answer: If you are considering having your child evaluated for ADHD or are waiting for an appointment to start the diagnostic process, there are several things you can do in the meantime to help him or her now: Establish a schedule. Make sure your child has the same routine every day. The schedule should include homework time and playtime. Post this schedule in a prominent place in your home. Be clear about expectations. Make sure your child knows what you expect, and be consistent with consequences if those expectations are not met. At the same time, be quick to reward your child when he or she meets expectations. Praise and be positive. Rather than nag and criticize your child, make a point of praising positive behaviors. Help your child organize everyday items. Work with your child to have a place for everything. This includes clothing, backpacks, and school supplies. Jog your child's memory. The same system you use to remember tasks or appointments -- a watch alarm, lists, sticky notes, or a calendar -- may work for your child. Help him find a system that helps him remember appointments, chores, school assignments, and so on. Model good behavior. When you're with your child, manage your own emotions the way you want him to control his.


Question: What records are necessary for diagnosing ADHD?

Answer: This person's first task will be to put together information -- from you, your child's school and your child's medical records. This information will help rule out other causes of your child's behavior.


Question: Who should I go to for ADHD diagnosis if my pediatrician isn't familiar with it?

Answer: If your pediatrician isn't familiar with diagnosing ADHD, he or she can probably refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist who has that experience. If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone.


Question: What should I expect to be included in an ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: If the process leads to an ADHD diagnosis, it should include the specific type of ADHD and help you develop a treatment plan to address the symptoms.


Question: What is the treatment plan for ADHD in children?

Answer: If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone. If you choose treatment with ADHD medication you will need a prescription and follow-up from a medical doctor (such as your pediatrician, a pediatric psychiatrist, or a neurologist). Some children diagnosed with ADHD may also be experiencing depression or anxiety. In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What should you look for in a professional to evaluate your child for ADHD?

Answer: If your pediatrician isn't familiar with diagnosing ADHD, he or she can probably refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist who has that experience. This person's first task will be to put together information -- from you, your child's school and your child's medical records. This information will help rule out other causes of your child's behavior.


Question: What does ADHD treatment comprise?

Answer: If your pediatrician does not work with therapists and psychologists, ask your child's school psychologist to do an evaluation, or ask the school counselor to recommend someone. If you choose treatment with ADHD medication you will need a prescription and follow-up from a medical doctor (such as your pediatrician, a pediatric psychiatrist, or a neurologist). In such cases, therapy is often recommended as part of the treatment plan.


Question: What can I expect with prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: It involves eight to 15 sessions, usually 90 minutes each. Early on in treatment, your therapist will teach you breathing techniques to ease your anxiety when you think about what happened. Later, you'll make a list of the things you've been avoiding and learn how to face them, one by one. In another session, you'll recount the traumatic experience to your therapist, then go home and listen to a recording of yourself. Doing this as "homework" over time may help ease your symptoms.


Question: What can I expect with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: CPT is a 12-week course of treatment, with weekly sessions of 60-90 minutes. At first, you'll talk about the traumatic event with your therapist and how your thoughts related to it have affected your life. Then you'll write in detail about what happened. This process helps you examine how you think about your trauma and figure out new ways to live with it. For example, maybe you've been blaming yourself for something.


Question: When my doctor is examining for glaucoma, should I tell him or her if I'm taking any medications?

Answer: Tell your doctor what medications you're taking. Certain drugs, even over-the-counter medications -- especially those used to treat sinus and cold congestion, and stomach and intestinal disorders -- may cause an acute closed-angle glaucoma attack. Bring a list of all your medications with you to the eye doctor.


Question: How do I know if I have glaucoma?

Answer: Your eye doctor will measure your eye pressure with a gadget called a tonometer. She'll give you drops that numb your eye so you don't feel anything. Tell her if you've had refractive surgery. It can affect your eye pressure reading.


Question: What will the doctor do if he or she thinks I have glaucoma?

Answer: If she thinks you have glaucoma, your eye doctor will check your optic nerve for signs of damage. She'll have you take a test that measures the sharpness of your side vision (she'll call this your peripheral vision).


Question: What are the symptoms for acute closed or narrow-angle glaucoma?

Answer: People often describe this as âthe worst eye pain of my life.â Symptoms strike quickly: Severe throbbing eye pain Eye redness Headaches (on the same side as the affected eye) Blurry or foggy vision Halos around lights, Dilated pupil Nausea and vomiting This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency. See an ophthalmologist or go to an emergency room immediately. Damage to the optic nerve may begin within a few hours and, if not treated within 6 to 12 hours, it may bring severe permanent loss of vision or blindness and even a permanently enlarged (dilated) pupil.


Question: Do I have glaucoma if I have higher-than-normal eye pressure?

Answer: In fact, some people with normal pressure can have it, while others with higher levels may not. High pressure without damage to the optic nerve is called ocular hypertension. If you have this, your doctor will want to test your eyes often.


Question: What are the symptoms of open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: With this condition, you might not have any symptoms until you lose a significant amount of vision.


Question: What are symptoms for open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: With this condition, you might not have any symptoms until you lose a significant amount of vision.


Question: Do infants get congenital glaucoma?

Answer: This usually shows up in newborns or during your baby's first few years. Symptoms include: Tearing, sensitivity to light, and eyelid spasms A larger cornea and clouding of the normally transparent cornea Habitual rubbing of the eyes, squinting, or keeping the eyes closed much of the time Symptoms depend on what's causing your pressure to rise.


Question: Can eye injuries hide glaucoma?

Answer: Eye injuries like corneal edema, bleeding, or retinal detachment can hide glaucoma symptoms. If a cataract is the cause, your vision will have been worse for a while. If you have had an injury to your eye, an advanced cataract, or inflammation in your eyes, your eye doctor will check often to make sure you don't have glaucoma, too.


Question: What are the symptoms of congenital glaucoma in infants?

Answer: This usually shows up in newborns or during your baby's first few years. Symptoms include: Tearing, sensitivity to light, and eyelid spasms A larger cornea and clouding of the normally transparent cornea Habitual rubbing of the eyes, squinting, or keeping the eyes closed much of the time Symptoms depend on what's causing your pressure to rise.


Question: What are the symptoms of acute closed- or narrow-angle glaucoma?

Answer: People often describe this as âthe worst eye pain of my life.â Symptoms strike quickly: Severe throbbing eye pain Eye redness Headaches (on the same side as the affected eye) Blurry or foggy vision Halos around lights, Dilated pupil Nausea and vomiting This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency. See an ophthalmologist or go to an emergency room immediately. Damage to the optic nerve may begin within a few hours and, if not treated within 6 to 12 hours, it may bring severe permanent loss of vision or blindness and even a permanently enlarged (dilated) pupil.


Question: How will my child's doctor diagnose congenital glaucoma?

Answer: The main sign is a cloudy cornea. Babies are checked for this at birth. If you suspect an eye problem, call an eye doctor.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: The first sign is often the loss of your side vision (the doctor will call this peripheral vision). It happens slowly, so you may not notice the changes.


Question: Will my sight ever come back if I have glaucoma?

Answer: It can affect your eye pressure reading. That is why it's so important to get regular exams with an eye doctor, particularly if there is a family history of glaucoma.


Question: What complications can roseola cause?

Answer: For high fever, he might recommend acetaminophen or ibuprofen. If this happens to your child, she might pass out for a short time. Her arms and legs may jerk for many seconds or minutes. She could also lose control of her bladder and bowels. If your child has a seizure, call 911. Luckily, most seizures in young children don't last long and aren't harmful.


Question: How do you know if you have an H. pylori infection?

Answer: They could be signs of an ulcer: Severe stomach pain that doesn't go away Inability to swallow Bloody, tar-like stool Vomit that's bloody or looks like dark coffee grounds If your doctor thinks you may have an H. pylori infection, some tests can tell you for sure: Endoscopy: The best way to test for H. pylori infection is to check your stomach lining. Your doctor will give you medicine to relax you. Then she'll send a long, thin tube with a camera on the end down your throat and into your stomach. She'll look for signs of infection and take a small sample of tissue from the lining. The sample will be tested in a lab to see if there's an infection. Blood tests: A simple blood test can show signs of H. pylori. But that doesn't mean the infection is active and causing problems or symptoms. Stool tests: Your doctor can test your poop for proteins that are a sign of H. pylori.


Question: Which antibiotics can help with treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

Answer: You'll take them for up to 2 weeks. Be sure to take all the pills in your prescription, even if you start to feel better. Your doctor also will prescribe medicine to help with stomach acid. It might include proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, or bismuth subsalicylate ( Pepto- Bismol, Bismatrol).


Question: What are symptoms of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

Answer: H. pylori infections don't always cause symptoms. In fact, you may not feel sick at all. In some people, though, the infection may cause: Pain or burning in your gut Stomach pain that's worse if you haven't eaten No appetite Nausea Burping a lot Bloating or gas Unusual weight loss See your doctor right away if you notice the following in your child or yourself.


Question: When should you see your doctor about an H. pylori infection?

Answer: In some people, though, the infection may cause: Pain or burning in your gut Stomach pain that's worse if you haven't eaten No appetite Nausea Burping a lot Bloating or gas Unusual weight loss See your doctor right away if you notice the following in your child or yourself. They could be signs of an ulcer: Severe stomach pain that doesn't go away Inability to swallow Bloody, tar-like stool Vomit that's bloody or looks like dark coffee grounds If your doctor thinks you may have an H. pylori infection, some tests can tell you for sure: Endoscopy: The best way to test for H. pylori infection is to check your stomach lining.


Question: How is an H. pylori infection linked to ulcers and cancer?

Answer: H. pylori can inflame the lining of your stomach. That's why you may feel stomach pain or get nauseous. If it's not treated, it can sometimes cause ulcers, which are painful, open sores in your stomach lining that bleed. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer.


Question: What are the symptoms of H. pylori infections?

Answer: H. pylori infections don't always cause symptoms. In fact, you may not feel sick at all. In some people, though, the infection may cause: Pain or burning in your gut Stomach pain that's worse if you haven't eaten No appetite Nausea Burping a lot Bloating or gas Unusual weight loss See your doctor right away if you notice the following in your child or yourself.


Question: How is an H. pylori infection treated?

Answer: You'll take them for up to 2 weeks. Be sure to take all the pills in your prescription, even if you start to feel better. Your doctor also will prescribe medicine to help with stomach acid. It might include proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, or bismuth subsalicylate ( Pepto- Bismol, Bismatrol). This medicine also helps your antibiotics work better because it calms inflammation in your stomach. About a month after you finish your antibiotics, your doctor can test for H. pylori to make sure it's gone. If there are still signs of the infection, you may need more antibiotics.


Question: How can you get Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

Answer: Although it is not known exactly how H. pylori enters the body, researchers believe that the spiral-shaped bacteria probably get into your body through your mouth. Then, they burrow into the mucus that lines your stomach. You could pick up an H. pylori infection in several ways. The bug can be found in contaminated food or water. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer.


Question: How can Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cause ulcers and stomach cancer?

Answer: Most people with H. pylori infection don't know it and have no symptoms. H. pylori can inflame the lining of your stomach. That's why you may feel stomach pain or get nauseous. If it's not treated, it can sometimes cause ulcers, which are painful, open sores in your stomach lining that bleed. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer. But this bacterium is only one possible cause of stomach cancer.


Question: How can you get an H. pylori infection?

Answer: H. pylori is a very common infection: More than half of all people get it at some point, usually in childhood. Although it is not known exactly how H. pylori enters the body, researchers believe that the spiral-shaped bacteria probably get into your body through your mouth. Then, they burrow into the mucus that lines your stomach. You could pick up an H. pylori infection in several ways. The bug can be found in contaminated food or water. Studies show that people who are infected with H. pylori are also up to 8 times more likely to get a certain kind of stomach, or gastric, cancer.


Question: What is an H. pylori infection?

Answer: H. pylori is a very common infection: More than half of all people get it at some point, usually in childhood. Doctors aren't sure why it affects some people differently than others. If it's not treated, it can sometimes cause ulcers, which are painful, open sores in your stomach lining that bleed. Smoking, a diet low in fruits and veggies, and a history of stomach surgeries can raise your risk.


Question: What are the most common causes of erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: The most common cause of ED is reduced blood flow to the penis due to chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and hardening of the arteries. Psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and relationship issues are also possible causes of ED. So are multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, chronic back pain, and other neurological conditions.


Question: What natural ingredients are being studied as alternative mosquito repellents?

Answer: Many other natural ingredients are currently being studied as mosquito repellent. These include: fennel thyme clove oil celery extract neem oil However, more studies are needed to verify their safety and efficacy.


Question: What are the serious side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The longer you take a steroid, the more likely you'll get one or more of these: High blood pressure High blood sugar Osteoporosis, or weak bones that break easily Cataracts Glaucoma Steroids slow your immune system.


Question: What types of steroids treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: The ones most often used for Crohn's include: Prednisone ( Prednicot, Rayos, Sterapred) Methylprednisolone ( Medrol, Depo- Medrol) Hydrocortisone Budesonide ( Entocort EC, Uceris ) Budesonide is a newer kind of steroid that can have fewer side effects. But it's not right for everyone. It's used only for people with mild to moderate Crohn's in certain parts of your bowel.


Question: What are common side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The longer you take a steroid, the more likely you'll get one or more of these: High blood pressure High blood sugar Osteoporosis, or weak bones that break easily Cataracts Glaucoma Steroids slow your immune system. That can make it harder for your body to fight off infections. While you take them, you're more likely to have: Genital yeast infection Mouth yeast infection, or thrush Urinary tract infection ( UTI) Most people with Crohn's take steroids for only a few weeks or months at a time.


Question: What do I do if I have side effects from taking steroids for my Crohn's disease?

Answer: While you take them, you're more likely to have: Genital yeast infection Mouth yeast infection, or thrush Urinary tract infection ( UTI) Most people with Crohn's take steroids for only a few weeks or months at a time. You'll cut back on your dosage, and as you lower the amount, most side effects should ease up and go away on their own. It's important that you don't just stop your medicine. If you have trouble with side effects, call your doctor. He can lower your dosage or have you take your steroids every other day.


Question: How do you take steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: You'll probably start with the pill form of the drug. It goes into your bloodstream and spreads throughout your body. But you may need the steroids to help only in a small area. This can help with side effects because the medication goes only where you have inflammation. These options include: Suppositories that go into your rectum and dissolve Enemas Rectal foams Ask your doctor if one of these could work for you.


Question: How can your doctor help with the side effects of steroids for Crohn's disease?

Answer: If you have Crohn's disease, your doctor may prescribe steroids at some point to help get flares under control. Bisphosphonate drugs, like alendronate ( Fosamax) or risedronate ( Actonel), may help prevent osteoporosis, too. Exercise can help you keep your bones and muscles strong. Eat a healthy diet and stay active to manage your weight. It's not a good idea to take short-term steroids often, because the side effects only get worse. Talk to your doctor about another medicine to control your flares.


Question: Can kegel exercises help treat bladder spasms?

Answer: Kegels and other forms of physical therapy help strengthen and relax the bladder and other muscles that help the body hold in urine. Kegels, combined with biofeedback, are often a good way to help reduce bladder spasms in children. To tighten your pelvic muscles, squeeze your muscles in the same way as if you were trying to stop the flow of urine or prevent yourself from passing gas. Kegel exercises take practice, and tightening the wrong muscles can put more pressure on your bladder. Ask your doctor for specific instructions.


Question: Are there complementary and alternative therapies for bladder spasms?

Answer: Acupuncture. Some research has suggested that bladder-specific acupuncture may significantly reduce bladder muscle contractions and the urge to use the bathroom. Biofeedback. Biofeedback is a method that teaches the mind how to control normally automated body functions. Bladder training is a type of biofeedback. Some doctors believe biofeedback and behavioral changes work better than medicines for treating urge incontinence.


Question: Can foods or drinks cause bladder spasms?

Answer: Medications that commonly cause bladder spasms include: Bethanechol (urecholine) A chemotherapy drug called valrubicin ( Valstar) Medicines called diuretics, such as furosemide ( Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide, which help the body remove excess water What you eat or drink can sometimes bother a fragile bladder and cause it to go into a spasm. This is especially true in patients who have a condition called interstitial cystitis. Spicy, acidic, or citrusy foods and the chemicals in certain preservatives and food additives may irritate the lining of the bladder in some people. Such products may include: Alcohol Artificial sweeteners Caffeinated beverages such as soda, coffee, and tea Chocolate Citrus fruits and drinks, such as oranges and orange juice Pickled foods Tomatoes How your doctor treats your bladder spasms depends on what exactly is causing your painful symptoms.


Question: Who gets bladder spasms?

Answer: Anyone at any age can have bladder spasms. In children, bladder spasms (also called pediatric unstable bladder or uninhibited bladder) are the leading cause of daytime incontinence. However, you are more likely to have bladder spasms with urine leakage if you: Are elderly Are going through menopause Have diabetes Are obese Recently had a baby or are pregnant Have a urinary tract infection Have recently had lower abdominal or pelvic surgery Have bladder muscle damage caused by disease or injury Have a neurologic disease such as stroke or spinal cord injury There are a number of different causes of bladder spasms.


Question: When should you see your doctor about bladder spasms?

Answer: Call your doctor if you have: Pain or cramping in your pelvic or lower abdominal area Pain or burning while urinating Urgent or frequent need to use the bathroom Leakage of urine Blood in your urine If you have or think you are having bladder spasms, it is important that you see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Your symptoms may be due to an infection that can be treated. In rare cases, bladder spasms may be a sign of a serious underlying condition.


Question: Can nervous system disorders and injuries cause bladder spasms?

Answer: Nervous system disorders and injury that can cause bladder spasms include: Brain tumor Cerebral palsy Herpes zoster infection that affects the nerves in the sacrum Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Multiple system atrophy ( Shy- Drager syndrome) Spinal cord injury Stroke that has caused brain damage Diabetic neuropathy (when the nerves are damaged by longstanding diabetes) Surgery to the lower abdominal area may weaken the bladder or pelvic floor muscles, or cause damage to the nerves that control the bladder.


Question: Can pain medicines and sedatives treat bladder spasms?

Answer: These may be given to patients who have catheter-related bladder spasms after surgery. But they don't always take away all the discomfort. Some research suggests that a prescription anti-inflammatory medicine called ketorolac may help relieve or prevent catheter- or surgery-related bladder spasms in children.


Question: Can electrical stimulation implants treat bladder spasms?

Answer: This is placed under the skin to deliver gentle electrical pulses to the bladder at regularly timed intervals. Your doctor may recommend this therapy if you have severe bladder spasms and urge incontinence that does not get better with other treatments.


Question: Can TENS treat bladder spasms?

Answer: Electrical stimulation through the skin (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS) sends mild electrical pulses to the bladder through patches applied to the skin. It's believed the electric signals help you feel better by increasing blood flow and releasing hormones that block pain.


Question: Can Botox help with bladder spasms?

Answer: Botox prevents nerves from releasing chemicals that tell muscles to contract. The Botox is injected directly into the bladder muscle wall.


Question: Are there medicines for bladder spasms?

Answer: The most commonly prescribed drugs to relax the bladder and prevent spasms are called anticholinergics. They include tolterodine tartrate ( Detrol LA), oxybutynin chloride ( Ditropan), darifenacin ( Enablex), mirabegron ( Myrbetriq), oxybutynin ( Oxytrol), trospium chloride ( Sanctura XR), and solifenacin ( Vesicare). Common side effects are constipation and dry mouth. An antidepressant called imipramine hydrochloride ( Tofranil) also helps relax the bladder and reduces bladder spasms. Medicines called alpha-blockers (such as terazosin or doxazosin) may be given to help the bladder relax and allow the bladder to empty completely.


Question: Can nervous system disorders lead to bladder spasms?

Answer: Here's what you need to know about bladder spasms, from the causes to what you can do to ease the pain. However, certain nervous system disorders cause damage to the nerves that send signals between the brain and the bladder. When this happens, the bladder does not work properly. " Neurogenic bladder" is the general term for bladder problems due to nerve damage.


Question: What causes bladder spasms?

Answer: The cramping pain could be due to something as simple as your diet or a medication that you are taking, or it could be associated with changes in blood supply and function of the nerves controlling the bladder. When this happens, the condition is called idiopathic bladder spasms.


Question: Can medications cause bladder spasms?

Answer: In some cases, your doctor may not be able to identify the cause. Medications that commonly cause bladder spasms include: Bethanechol (urecholine) A chemotherapy drug called valrubicin ( Valstar) Medicines called diuretics, such as furosemide ( Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide, which help the body remove excess water What you eat or drink can sometimes bother a fragile bladder and cause it to go into a spasm.


Question: What happens as a child with progeria ages?

Answer: They develop physical traits including: A bigger head Large eyes A small lower jaw A thin nose with a "beaked" tip Ears that stick out Veins you can see Slow and abnormal tooth growth A high-pitched voice Loss of body fat and muscle Hair loss, including eyelashes and eyebrows As children with progeria get older, they get diseases you'd expect to see in people age 50 and older, including bone loss, hardening of the arteries, and heart disease. Children with progeria usually die of heart attacks or strokes. Progeria doesn't affect a child's intelligence or brain development. A child with the condition isn't any more likely to get infections than other kids, either.


Question: What do I need to know about tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow means you have damaged tendons in your arm. It's common in people who play sports such as tennis and squash, but more often, you have it because of a job or serious hobby where you have to grip and twist a lot. In fact, painters, carpenters, plumbers, and dentists are all more likely to get it.


Question: When should I call my doctor about tennis elbow?

Answer: The main symptom of tennis elbow is pain on the outside of your elbow, which might go into your forearm and wrist. A lot of times, that'll do the trick. But if you still have symptoms after a week or so, or if they get worse, it's time to call your doctor. Also, call your doctor if you have any of these signs and symptoms: It's hard to move your arm. There's a lump or bulge in it. Pain or difficulty moving your arm keeps you from your everyday activities. The area around your elbow is reddish or swollen.


Question: What is the main symptom of tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow is one of those tricky conditions that might go away with a little self-care. You may feel pain when doing nothing at all or with anything from holding a pen to opening a jar.


Question: What can treatment for sleep apnea caused by multiple sclerosis do?

Answer: The right treatment can help you breathe easier, sleep better, and feel more alert during the day.


Question: If I have multiple sclerosis and sleep apnea, what should I discuss with my doctor?

Answer: Go over all the medicines you take with your doctor. Ask if any of your MS drugs might affect your breathing at night. If so, see if you can switch to another medicine.


Question: If I have multiple sclerosis, how can I treat my sleep apnea by altering my daily routine?

Answer: A few changes to your daily routine can also help treat sleep apnea: If you're overweight, lose weight with diet and exercise. To keep your airway open, sleep on your side instead of your back. You can buy a special pillow to stop you from rolling over. If you smoke, ask your doctor for tips to help you quit. Smoking can make sleep apnea worse.


Question: How will my doctor know if I have sleep apnea?

Answer: Other signs of sleep apnea are: Dry mouth when you wake up Feeling tired in the daytime Headaches in the morning Mood swings and irritability Trouble remembering, learning, or concentrating During the exam, your doctor will check your mouth, nose, and throat. You might also have a sleep study to find out for sure if you have sleep apnea and, if so, how severe it is. You'll stay overnight in a lab or use a device at home to monitor your breathing while you sleep.


Question: How common is sleep apnea in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: In fact, while sleep apnea only affects about 3% of Americans overall, between 4% and 20% of people with MS have it.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis cause sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea happens more often in people who are overweight. The extra tissue falls over your windpipe while you sleep, so less air gets into your lungs. MS can make you feel too tired to exercise. Both a lack of activity and the steroid drugs you might take to control MS can cause weight gain.


Question: What are my risks if I have multiple sclerosis and sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea can do more than make you feel tired during the day. If you don't treat it, it can increase your risk for the following: Accidents, such as car accidents Diabetes Heart attack Heart failure High blood pressure Irregular heartbeat Obesity Stroke It can also affect your memory and make it harder for you to think clearly.


Question: If I have multiple sclerosis and sleep apnea, will my risk for other diseases increase?

Answer: It also raises your risk of conditions like heart disease and diabetes.


Question: Why is sleep apnea more common in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sleep apnea is very common in people with MS for another reason. MS attacks myelin -- the coating that surrounds and protects nerve cells. It leaves behind scars called lesions in your brain and spinal cord. Damage from MS can make it harder for your brain to control your breathing while you sleep.


Question: What are common sleep problems that can occur with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Insomnia, restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea, and other sleep problems happen more often in people with MS.


Question: Does sleep apnea make you feel tired?

Answer: Sleep apnea can do more than make you feel tired during the day.


Question: How can I find the right machine and mask to treat my sleep apnea caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor can help you find the right type of CPAP machine and mask. Some masks are hard to fasten, which could be a problem if you have weakness or numbness in your hands. If you have damage to nerves in your face, choose a mask that doesn't put too much pressure there.


Question: What is an alternative treatment for sleep apnea caused by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Another sleep apnea treatment is a mouthpiece called an oral appliance. This moves your lower jaw and tongue to keep your airway open. A dentist or orthodontist can fit you for one.


Question: What is a common sign of sleep apnea?

Answer: When you wake up that often during the night, you can't get a good night's sleep. Sleep apnea is very common in people with MS for another reason.


Question: What is sleep apnea?

Answer: This causes you to stop breathing over and over again. That wakes up your brain to restart your breathing. When you wake up that often during the night, you can't get a good night's sleep. You might also have a sleep study to find out for sure if you have sleep apnea and, if so, how severe it is.


Question: How is a coronavirus infection treated?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. You treat a coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold: Get plenty of rest. Drink fluids. Take over-the-counter medicine for sore throat and fever (but don't give aspirin to children or teens younger than 19; use ibuprofen or acetaminophen instead). A humidifier or steamy shower can also help ease a sore and scratchy throat.


Question: What are common symptoms of coronavirus?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. The symptoms of most coronaviruses are similar to any other upper-respiratory infection, including runny nose, coughing, sore throat, and sometimes a fever. In most cases, you won't know whether you have a coronavirus or a different cold-causing virus, such as rhinovirus. But if a coronavirus infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract (your windpipe and your lungs), it can cause pneumonia, especially in older people, people with heart disease, or people with weakened immune systems.


Question: What is a coronavirus?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not dangerous. People also died from a severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) outbreak in 2003. They get their name from their crown-like shape. Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child.


Question: How can I prevent coronavirus infection?

Answer: A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent coronavirus infection, do the same things you do to avoid the common cold: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. Avoid close contact with people who are infected.


Question: Who is more likely to get Lyme disease?

Answer: Unlike RA, Lyme is most common in children, older adults, and people who spend more time outdoors, like park rangers and firefighters. The more time you spend outside, the greater your chance of running into the ticks that carry the disease.


Question: How can you rule out rheumatoid arthritis if you might have Lyme disease?

Answer: To rule out RA, he'll ask you about your symptoms and medical history. You might get a blood test to look for antibodies linked to the disease. Your doctor may send you to a rheumatologist, who'll look over your joints for tenderness, swelling, or limited movement.


Question: How common is Lyme disease?

Answer: It's the most common tick-borne disease in the U. S. The disease was named for the place it was first reported in 1975 -- Old Lyme, CT. About 30,000 cases are reported each year, but the CDC believes the number is 10 times higher than that.


Question: What are the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Treatment for RA includes long-term: Medication Physical therapy Exercise Education You may also need surgery at some point.