Question: What can you do if you can't take medications to prevent migraines?

Answer: If you can't take medication or wish not to, a device might be worth considering. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead. This stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you may feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TM may be another option. You hold this device at the back of your head at the first sign of a headache, and it gives off a magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.


Question: How does botulinum toxin (Botox) work to prevent migraines?

Answer: Often used to treat wrinkles, it also helps some people who get migraines at least 15 days per month, called chronic migraines. It's for people who have long-term migraine headaches, with the attack lasting 4 hours at a time or longer. Doctors think Botox may keep the brain from giving off chemicals that the body uses to send pain signals.


Question: How do triptans for menstrual-related migraines work as preventative medication?

Answer: These drugs treat migraines when they're already happening, but one -- frovatriptan ( Frova) -- may help prevent migraines that women get because of their menstrual cycle. The medicine affects serotonin levels and may also relieve pain in other ways.


Question: How can changing my sleep habits help my migraines?

Answer: When you hit the sack at random times or you get too much or too little shut-eye, that can trigger a headache. So, take time each day to relax.


Question: How can I prevent migraines or severe headaches?

Answer: You may want to consider preventive medications if: The drugs you take to relieve your migraines don't help or you have bad side effects from them. You may still need to take medicine when you do have one.


Question: How can regular exercise help my migraines?

Answer: Make your headaches less severe. Limit stress.


Question: How can you limit stress to prevent migraines?

Answer: Mild pain and redness at the injection site are the most common side effects. That could trigger a rebound headache. Go to bed and get up about the same time every day, including on weekends and holidays. Take a short walk. Meditate. Do yoga.


Question: Who shouldn't take decongestants?

Answer: Decongestants can also cause side effects, such as: Nervousness Sleeplessness Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure You shouldn't take decongestants if you have certain health issues, including high blood pressure or heart problems. If you have prostate problems that make it hard to pee, these drugs can make the problem worse. Don't use decongestant nasal sprays for more than 3 days in a row, as they may make your nasal congestion and swelling worse and last longer. Check the drug label for more information about side effects.


Question: When should you see a doctor about shoulder and elbow bursitis?

Answer: If your symptoms don't get better with at-home treatments, see your doctor. She'll check to see if your problem comes from an infection.


Question: What are some short-term bursitis treatments?

Answer: Bursitis comes from inflammation, so you need to get it under control. You can: Avoid activities that seem to cause your pain or make it worse. Try over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium to ease short-term pain and swelling. Use an ice pack or bag of frozen veggies on the area for up to 20 minutes at a time a few times a day. You may still need to wear an elbow pad for a few months to prevent injury.


Question: What are treatments for chronic bursitis?

Answer: If so, prescription antibiotics should clear it up. They'll also ease the pain and swelling. For bursitis that's severe, long-lasting, or comes back often, she may try one of these more aggressive treatments: Aspiration: The doctor will drain extra fluid from the bursa sac inside your elbow joint. Steroid shot: Your doctor can inject steroids into the bursa to ease inflammation. The shot works faster and is stronger than taking the medication by mouth. Some doctors do this after they aspirate the bursa.


Question: What can I do to help me deal with restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Here are a few ways to take control: Work with your doctor. A different drug or combinations of drugs are often necessary to control symptoms. Join a support group. www.rls.org can get you started. If you feel overwhelmed by RLS, talk with someone who treats mental health, like a psychologist or psychiatrist.


Question: How does iron relate to restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Not enough iron in the diet is one cause of restless legs syndrome. Taking iron pills may improve RLS in these people. Even in people who are not anemic and have normal iron levels, iron levels may be involved. Studies show a "brain iron deficiency" in many people with restless legs syndrome. A doctor may prescribe iron supplements even if a person's iron levels are within normal range. However, too much iron can lead to liver damage and other health problems.


Question: How can I ease my restless legs syndrome symptoms to get a good night sleep?

Answer: Cut down on alcohol. Stop smoking, or at least cut back. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends. Exercise regularly, but moderately (heavy exercise can worsen symptoms). Apply heat or ice, or soak in a hot bath.


Question: What causes restless legs syndrome?

Answer: About 10% of people have restless legs syndrome, also called RLS. You should see a doctor to confirm the diagnosis of RLS and to exclude other conditions that may resemble RLS. Not enough iron in the diet is one cause of restless legs syndrome.


Question: Who's most likely to get restless legs syndrome?

Answer: About 2% to 3% of them have moderate to severe symptoms that affect their quality of life. Also: Slightly more women than men get it. Most people with severe RLS are middle-aged or older. Only 2% of children get RLS. People with RLS in their family usually get it at a younger age. About half of people with restless legs syndrome have a family member with it.


Question: Can restless legs syndrome turn into something more serious?

Answer: But most people with restless legs syndrome do not have one of these conditions. For them, there is no risk of RLS developing into something more serious, like Parkinson's disease. Restless legs syndrome can get worse in people with other medical conditions if they don't get those conditions treated.


Question: When should I see a doctor about my restless legs syndrome?

Answer: Only 2% of children get RLS. If you have RLS, you should also see a doctor if you are: Losing sleep often Feeling depressed or anxious Having trouble concentrating You don't have to wait until one of these things happens. If you just want to feel better, see your doctor. If you think you have PLMD, see your doctor.


Question: Does restless legs syndrome ever go away?

Answer: If you have one of these conditions, treating it can improve RLS symptoms. Restless legs syndrome can get worse in people with other medical conditions if they don't get those conditions treated. There are four FDA-approved drugs for restless legs syndrome: Horizant, Mirapex, Neupro, and Requip.


Question: What conditions are linked to restless legs syndrome?

Answer: But most people with restless legs syndrome do not have one of these conditions. For them, there is no risk of RLS developing into something more serious, like Parkinson's disease. Not enough iron in the diet is one cause of restless legs syndrome.


Question: How do I know if I have age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: Your doctor can check you for age-related macular degeneration when you see him for a routine eye exam. An early diagnosis will let you start treatment that may delay some symptoms or make them less severe. He'll test your vision and also examine your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light. He'll look for tiny yellow deposits called drusen under the retina. It's a common early sign of the disease. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that's like a checkerboard. If some of the lines appear wavy to you or some of them are missing, it could be a sign of macular degeneration.


Question: What tests can determine if I have age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you have age-related macular degeneration, he may want you to have one or both of these exams: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT). It's a special photograph that shows a magnified 3 D image of your retina. This method helps your doctor see if your retinal layers are distorted. He can also see if swelling is getting better or worse if you had treatment with injections or laser. Fluorescein angiography. In this procedure, your doctor injects a dye into a vein in your arm. He takes photos as the dye reaches your eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. The images will show new vessels or vessels that are leaking fluid or blood in the macula -- a small area at the center of your retina.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you have age-related macular degeneration, he may want you to have one or both of these exams: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT). He can also see if swelling is getting better or worse if you had treatment with injections or laser. In this procedure, your doctor injects a dye into a vein in your arm. He takes photos as the dye reaches your eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. The images will show new vessels or vessels that are leaking fluid or blood in the macula -- a small area at the center of your retina.


Question: What can someone do when a migraine hits?

Answer: Know what to do when a migraine hits: If you can, lie down in a dark, quiet, cool room. If you can't lie down, try to go somewhere that you can at least turn out the lights. Have hot or cold compresses on hand. Use them on your head or neck. Choose the temperature and place that feels best to you. Put gentle pressure on painful areas of your temples and scalp. Try light massage if it feels good. Don't do anything that hurts. Drink coffee or soda. A small amount of caffeine can ease the ache early on when a headache starts. If you pair it with an over-the-counter painkiller, it can help the medicine work better.


Question: What are some triggers of migraines?

Answer: Sometimes you just can't power through them. Even with medication, you may have to stop what you're doing until they go away. You likely have an idea of what sorts of things cause your headaches. It may be certain foods or the weather. It could be smells, travel, or your hormones. Medicine can help prevent some headaches, but it doesn't always work. Because you can't always ward off all your migraines, plan around what starts them. Skipping meals can trigger migraines, so eat regularly. Don't plan a day where you won't have time to eat. Too much or not enough sleep can also bring on a headache. Be sure to get the right amount. Knowing your migraine triggers can help you plan the activities in your life a little better. That way you can still do things with family and friends before a migraine starts.


Question: How do migraines affect everyday life?

Answer: Normal headaches hurt your head. Sometimes you just can't power through them. Even with medication, you may have to stop what you're doing until they go away. Migraines can last for days. Because you might be at work or away from home, you might not be able to crawl under the covers in a dark room for all that time. Use them on your head or neck.


Question: How does angina signal a heart attack?

Answer: The difference is mainly one of degree: With angina, blood flow is restored, pain recedes within minutes, and the heart is not permanently damaged. With a heart attack, blood flow is critically reduced or fully blocked, pain lasts longer, and heart muscle dies without prompt treatment.


Question: What are the risk factors for a heart attack?

Answer: While the step-by-step process leading to a heart attack is not fully understood, major risk factors for coronary artery disease are well-known. Some can be controlled, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Stress is also said to raise the risk, and exertion and excitement can act as triggers for a heart attack. Other risk factors include having diabetes and having a family history of heart disease.


Question: What can people who get heart attacks experience?

Answer: Recovery is always a delicate process, because any heart attack weakens the heart to some degree. But generally, a normal life can be resumed. Depending on the severity of a heart attack, a person may experience: Heart failure, where the heart doesn't pump well enough to meet the body's needs Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms Cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, where the heart stops beating Cardiogenic shock, where the heart is so damaged from the heart attack that a person goes into shock, which may result in damage of other vital organs like the kidneys or liver Death Most heart attacks are the result of coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis or "hardening of the arteries," a condition that clogs coronary arteries with fatty, calcified plaques over time.


Question: What causes a heart attack?

Answer: Depending on the severity of a heart attack, a person may experience: Heart failure, where the heart doesn't pump well enough to meet the body's needs Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms Cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, where the heart stops beating Cardiogenic shock, where the heart is so damaged from the heart attack that a person goes into shock, which may result in damage of other vital organs like the kidneys or liver Death Most heart attacks are the result of coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis or "hardening of the arteries," a condition that clogs coronary arteries with fatty, calcified plaques over time. The typical trigger for a heart attack is often a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood through a coronary artery.


Question: Are there always warning signs before a heart attack?

Answer: The condition may be detected by ECG (electrocardiogram) testing. People with diabetes often have silent ischemia. Other people mistake a heart attack for a symptom of the flu or reflux disease, which causes heartburn. Depending on the severity of a heart attack, a person may experience: Heart failure, where the heart doesn't pump well enough to meet the body's needs Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms Cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, where the heart stops beating Cardiogenic shock, where the heart is so damaged from the heart attack that a person goes into shock, which may result in damage of other vital organs like the kidneys or liver Death Most heart attacks are the result of coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis or "hardening of the arteries," a condition that clogs coronary arteries with fatty, calcified plaques over time.


Question: What is the outlook for heart attacks?

Answer: But those who survive the initial heart attack and are free from major problems a few hours later stand a better chance of full recovery. Depending on the severity of a heart attack, a person may experience: Heart failure, where the heart doesn't pump well enough to meet the body's needs Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms Cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, where the heart stops beating Cardiogenic shock, where the heart is so damaged from the heart attack that a person goes into shock, which may result in damage of other vital organs like the kidneys or liver Death Most heart attacks are the result of coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis or "hardening of the arteries," a condition that clogs coronary arteries with fatty, calcified plaques over time.


Question: What is a heart attack?

Answer: The heart has four main arteries, two of them large, branching arteries that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. If one of these arteries or branches becomes blocked suddenly, a portion of the heart is starved of oxygen, a condition called "cardiac ischemia." !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If cardiac ischemia lasts too long, the starved heart tissue dies. This is a heart attack, otherwise known as a myocardial infarction -- literally, "death of heart muscle." The pain may be constant or intermittent.


Question: How much melatonin does it take to help increase sleep?

Answer: A host of studies show that as little as 0.1 to .3 milligrams may be enough for most people. Experts suggest that the fast-release melatonin is possibly more effective as a sleep remedy than the slow-release formulas.


Question: What should you know about tryptophan as a natural sleep aid?

Answer: Yet some people who took tryptophan as a natural supplement developed a syndrome eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ( EMS). Some people died. Scientists later believed the deaths were the result of taking the amino acid tryptophan. Not everyone who took tryptophan, however, experienced these side effects. In addition, not everyone who took tryptophan received help for insomnia. The influence of tryptophan on sleep continues to be studied in major sleep laboratories across the nation. While this amino acid is not available as a natural dietary supplement or sleep remedy, you can easily include tryptophan in your diet through food sources such as turkey, cheese, nuts, beans, eggs, and milk.


Question: How can melatonin help me sleep?

Answer: Scientific findings show that melatonin decreases the time it takes to fall asleep ("sleep latency"), increases feelings of "sleepiness," and may increase the duration of sleep. Melatonin has been used successfully for sleep enhancement in healthy individuals, as well as to reduce feelings of jet lag during global travels.


Question: How is 5-hydroxytryptophan used as a natural sleep aid?

Answer: 5- HTP is a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan. It is used to boost serotonin in the body. 5- HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is also the precursor of melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles. Some findings show that 5- HTP may ease symptoms of depression and anxiety, but there isn't sufficient evidence to support its use for insomnia.


Question: Is valerian a helpful sleep remedy?

Answer: It is one of the leading natural supplements for managing anxiety and insomnia. But according to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Data Base there is not enough proof to say that it is effective in treating insomnia. Some limited findings show that valerian may reduce the time needed to fall asleep and may improve sleep quality. Unlike the benzodiazepines, most people feel no morning grogginess after taking valerian. Other findings were not as promising. They showed that when compared to a placebo, valerian didn't relieve anxiety or insomnia any better than the placebo. There is some support for the idea that using valerian over a period of time (such as over four weeks) may be more effective than taking it one night only. People who are poor sleepers may find more benefit that those who are normally good sleepers. Kava, also known as kava kava, is an herbal remedy that's used for stress and anxiety relief and insomnia.


Question: Are there risks associated with taking melatonin as a natural sleep aid?

Answer: Some people find that melatonin causes grogginess and depression. Others report falling asleep quickly with melatonin only to awaken in the middle of the night. Still, studies show that melatonin appears to be safe with short-term use (three months or less). Like all drugs, natural sleep remedies can have side effects and risks.


Question: Is kava a safe natural sleep remedy?

Answer: Kava, also known as kava kava, is an herbal remedy that's used for stress and anxiety relief and insomnia. Reports in Europe of more than 20 cases of cirrhosis, hepatitis, and liver failure suggest the possibility of liver toxicity associated with its use.


Question: How is intussusception treated?

Answer: Some cases of intussusception are temporary and don't need treatment. If an enema doesn't fix the intussusception, surgery is the next step. Your surgeon may do this procedure by making a cut in the abdomen. This is called an open procedure. He may opt to do it laparoscopically, with tiny cuts and a camera. Either way, the surgeon corrects the intussusception by lightly guiding the intestine back into place. If this doesn't work, she may remove the section and sew the intestine back together. She would do this with dissolvable stitches.


Question: When should I call my doctor about intussusception?

Answer: For children younger than 2, intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency. When blood can't get to part of your intestines, the tissue in that area can die. If that happens, the lining of the abdominal cavity can become infected. This is a life-threatening condition called peritonitis. Your doctor will ask questions about your child's medical history and symptoms.


Question: When is radioactive iodine treatment used for thyroid cancer?

Answer: Surgery often gets rid of thyroid cancer. But depending on the type of thyroid cancer you have, or if it has spread, your doctor may also suggest you have treatment with radioactive iodine. This is done to get rid of any cancer cells that were not caught during surgery, and to help keep the cancer from coming back.


Question: What are the side effects after thyroid surgery?

Answer: It's not unusual to feel tired or sore for a few days after surgery. But pain medicines prescribed by your doctor can help. You may have some aches and pains in the neck and shoulders after surgery.


Question: What is removed in thyroid surgery?

Answer: Thyroid surgery involves removing either part or all of the gland (thyroidectomy). In some cases, lymph nodes may also need to be removed.


Question: Is treatment for thyroid cancer effective?

Answer: And thanks to very good treatments, it can be cured most of the time. The type of treatment you get depends on what kind of thyroid cancer you have, and if it has spread. Most people are treated with surgery alone, or with a combination of surgery and radioactive iodine. If you have side effects from treatment, there are ways to manage them that will help you feel better.


Question: Are cancer support groups recommended for people with thyroid cancer?

Answer: Most do very well with thyroid hormone therapy. Even with lots of help from family and friends, you might want to check out support groups in your area. One of the main reasons people join is to be with others who face the same type of cancer. Some research shows that cancer support groups not only help you feel more hopeful, but also help you deal better with side effects.


Question: What are other ways to pay for weight loss surgery?

Answer: If you do not have health insurance, or if your insurer will not cover weight loss surgery, talk to your doctor and your surgeon about financing plans. Check on the interest rate, and make sure you are OK with all of the terms.


Question: How soon after an ankle sprain can you do range-of-motion exercises?

Answer: You should be able to start work on your range of motion 2 or 3 days after your injury. For these exercises, support your leg but let your foot and ankle hang freely. You can sit in a chair, then use another chair to support your leg, with your foot and ankle hanging over the side.


Question: What are towel curl exercises for after an ankle sprain?

Answer: Sit in a chair, with your injured foot flat on a towel on the floor. Curl your toes to grab the towel and pull it toward you. Keep going until you reach the end of the towel. Now, curl your toes and push the towel back in the other direction until you reach the end of the towel. Do this 3 to 5 times a day.


Question: What is a seated calf stretch for after an ankle sprain?

Answer: Sit on your bed or the floor with both legs stretched out in front of you. Wrap a towel around the ball of your injured foot and pull it gently toward you so you feel a stretch in your calf. Hold for 15 to 30 seconds. Repeat 10 times. Do this 3 to 5 times a day.


Question: What are balance and coordination exercises you can do following an ankle sprain?

Answer: You can also try these exercises: Step-ups. Do this one near a chair, table, or in a doorway so you'll have support if you need it. Stand and balance on just your injured leg for 30 seconds. Repeat 3 times a day. Try to work up to 3 minutes. To make it harder, close your eyes. Heel walk. Walk forward and backward as far as you can on your heels. Tippy toe walk. Walk forward and backward as far as you can on your toes.


Question: How do I do inward and outward bends to strengthen my ankle after a sprain?

Answer: Sit in a chair, feet together and flat on the floor, so your big toes and heels touch. Turn your injured foot inward while resisting with your other foot. Hold 5 to 10 seconds. Now, you'll move your foot outward. Use a nearby wall or even a couch to provide resistance. Hold for 5 to 10 seconds. Repeat 5 to 10 times.


Question: How do I manage pain from golfer's elbow?

Answer: A topical medication may help as well. You may also get an injection of a corticosteroid or painkiller (like lidocaine) in the elbow. This may relieve pain and swelling in the short term. These treatments, though, do not seem to have long-term benefits.


Question: How can physical therapy help with treating golfer's elbow?

Answer: Physical therapy can help in relieving pain and augment the recovery process. Use of pain relieving treatments and prescribed exercises can reduce stress to the elbow, speed recovery, and minimize the risk of recurrence. Recent innovations in care using PRP ( Plasma Rich Protein) injections have also shown great promise in accelerating recovery.


Question: How can I treat golfer's elbow?

Answer: Apply ice to your elbow for 15-20 minutes three to four times per day. Conservative treatments usually work for golfer's elbow. But if you're still having pain after three to six months, you may need surgery.


Question: What are condoms?

Answer: Condoms prevent pregnancies and STDs. They create a barrier that keeps semen and other body fluids out of the vagina, rectum, or mouth. You might hear it called a rubber or the barrier method. Don't use male and female condoms at the same time. One can stick to the other and pull it out of place or tear it.


Question: What is a male condom?

Answer: A condom is a thin, fitted tube that a man wears over his penis during sex or a woman inserts into her vagina before sex. There are many types of male condoms, including: Latex, plastic, or lambskin.


Question: What happens during a vitrectomy surgery?

Answer: It may be just one in a series of procedures to repair a problem. You'll have the option to stay awake and use numbing drops or shots in your eye. Or you might get general anesthesia -- medicine that helps you go to sleep during surgery.


Question: What steps should I take to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Losing extra pounds, eating better, and becoming more active are some of the most important steps you can take.


Question: What can you do without medicine to prevent type 2 diabetes if you have prediabetes?

Answer: Losing extra pounds, eating better, and becoming more active are some of the most important steps you can take. There are people who aren't overweight who have type 2 diabetes.


Question: What is the best way to avoid type 2 diabetes?

Answer: But the study also showed that drastic lifestyle changes are the best way to avoid diabetes. You'll need to work with a dietitian to come up with a meal plan and talk to a trainer about how to get more exercise.


Question: What is the single most important thing that predicts diabetes?

Answer: There are people who aren't overweight who have type 2 diabetes. The study results showed that over 16 years, regular exercise -- at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week -- and a low-fat, high-fiber diet helped prevent it.


Question: Is there medication you can take if you have prediabetes to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If you're at high risk for the disease, your doctor may recommend taking medication to hold it off. Several studies show that various types of diabetes drugs, along with a healthy lifestyle, can cut the odds that you'll get it One study showed that people most likely to get it could lower their odds by 31%. They took the prescription diabetes drug metformin and made lifestyle and diet changes. You'll need to work with a dietitian to come up with a meal plan and talk to a trainer about how to get more exercise.


Question: My doctor just told me I have prediabetes. What does this mean?

Answer: There are plenty of things you can do to try to prevent it. Focus on the things you can change, like your diet and how active you are. That's good.


Question: I just had breast cancer surgery, will the fluid from my drainage device change colors?

Answer: The fluid color may also change from a cherry red to a yellow-red, and then to a straw color.


Question: When can I take a shower after having breast cancer surgery?

Answer: A warm shower feel nice, but wait at least a week after surgery.


Question: I just had breast cancer surgery, how should I care for my skin near my incision?

Answer: When shaving under your arm or applying deodorant, look in the mirror to avoid irritating the incision. As it heals, the incision may feel thick and tough. Massage the area with a mild lotion, vitamin E, or pure lanolin. Highly perfumed lotions and any product containing alcohol may be irritating. After several weeks, the scar will soften.


Question: What follow-up exams will I have after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: Regular follow-up visits are important after breast cancer treatment. Your doctor will watch you closely to ensure that the cancer hasn't returned. Checkups usually include exams of the chest, underarm, and neck. From time to time, you'll get a complete physical and an annual mammogram. No other regular X-rays, scans, or blood tests are usually needed.


Question: What symptoms should I tell my doctor about after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: Other physical problems your doctor should hear about are: Loss of appetite or weight Changes in menstrual periods Blurred vision Dizziness, coughing, or hoarseness Headaches Shortness of breath Digestive problems that seem unusual or that don't go away in 2-3 days


Question: How long after my breast cancer surgery will my drainage device be removed?

Answer: Usually the drainage system is removed within 1 to 3 weeks after surgery.


Question: How long will I have bruising after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: The area may be black and blue right after breast cancer surgery. This will go away in a few days.


Question: How do I care for my drainage device after having breast cancer surgery?

Answer: After your surgery, you may be discharged from the hospital with an external drainage device in place. The drains will remove and collect fluid from the surgery site. Your doctor will show you how to care for the device before you leave the hospital. This usually includes emptying the drains, measuring the fluid, and keeping an eye out for any problems.


Question: If I've just had breast cancer surgery, what medications can I take for pain?

Answer: Your doctor will give you a prescription for pain medication after breast cancer surgery. Ask about taking over-the-counter pain relievers in addition to, or instead of, your prescription pain medicine. Don't take aspirin or products with aspirin for the first 3 days after the procedure.


Question: Should I have blood taken or an injection given after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: If you have to have blood drawn or get medication in this arm, tell the health care professional that you've had breast surgery.


Question: What type of exercises should I do after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: Arm lifts. While standing or sitting on the edge of a chair, lift both arms over your head with your elbows close to your ears. Hold for a count of five and repeat. Arm swings. While standing, swing both arms forward and back from your shoulders (like a pendulum). Keep your elbows straight. Increase the distance of the swing each time. Repeat 10 times. Wall climbing. Stand facing a wall with your feet close to the wall. Put your arms out in front of you with your hands on the wall. Climb the fingertips of both hands up the wall, until your arms are stretched over your head. Climb your fingers back down the wall. Repeat 10 times, trying to reach higher each time.


Question: Can I go swimming after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: Don't go swimming until your doctor and surgeon say it's OK.


Question: When can I drive after breast cancer surgery?

Answer: Ask your doctor before you get back behind the wheel. Most women can start driving again 10-14 days after surgery.


Question: How do doctors diagnose autism?

Answer: An autism diagnosis starts with a parent answering a questionnaire about the child, often about behaviors that started when they were very young. Further tests and tools may include more questionnaires, surveys, and checklists, as well as interviews and observed activities.


Question: How do doctors diagnose ADHD?

Answer: To diagnose ADHD, doctors look for a pattern of behaviors over time like being distracted or forgetful, not following through, having trouble waiting for a turn, and fidgeting or squirming. They'll ask for feedback from parents, teachers, and other adults that care for the child. A doctor will also try to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms.


Question: What should parents study to understand their child more?

Answer: You should also study how your child is learning to communicate. Although kids with either condition struggle to interact with others, those with autism tend to be self-centered. They often have a hard time putting words to their thoughts and feelings, and they may not be able to point to an object to give meaning to their speech. They find it hard to make eye contact.


Question: What are some common traits of people with ADHD and autism?

Answer: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and autism can look a lot like each other. Children with either condition can have problems focusing. They can be impulsive or have a hard time communicating. They may have trouble with schoolwork and with relationships.


Question: How are ADHD and autism different?

Answer: Keep an eye on how your child pays attention. Those with autism struggle to focus on things that they don't like, such as reading a book or doing a puzzle. And they may fixate on things that they do like, such as playing with a particular toy. Kids with ADHD lose initial interest, and they dislike and avoid things they'll have to concentrate on.


Question: How do doctors treat ADHD?

Answer: There's no one-size-fits-all way to deal with ADHD. Younger kids start with behavior therapy, and the doctor may prescribe medication if symptoms don't improve enough. Older kids will usually get both. ADHD symptoms, and their treatment, may change over time.


Question: What are some traits associated with autism?

Answer: An autistic child loves order and repetition, but one with ADHD doesn't, even if it helps them. A child with autism might want the same type of food at a favorite restaurant, for instance, or become overly attached to one toy or shirt. They'll become upset when routines change.


Question: What are some traits associated with ADHD?

Answer: A child with ADHD, on the other hand, may talk nonstop. They're more likely to interrupt when someone else is speaking or butt in and try to monopolize a conversation.


Question: What types of therapy can help kids with autism communicate better?

Answer: They find it hard to make eye contact. Younger kids start with behavior therapy, and the doctor may prescribe medication if symptoms don't improve enough.


Question: What should parents do if they think their child has ADHD or autism?

Answer: And you can have both. You can start with your pediatrician, who may refer you to a specialist. There's no one-size-fits-all way to deal with ADHD.


Question: What is the difference between autism and ADHD?

Answer: And you can have both. There's no one-size-fits-all way to deal with ADHD.


Question: How does fibromyalgia affect sleep?

Answer: You may be able to fall asleep, but your sleep is light and easily disturbed. When you get up in the morning, you're exhausted and not refreshed. It doesn't help the fatigue. Tests done in sleep labs show that people with fibro are constantly interrupted by bursts of brain activity similar to what happens in the brain when they're awake. These interruptions limit how much time you spend in deep sleep, when your body restores itself, and you feel run down as a result. Up to half of all people with fibromyalgia have depression or an anxiety disorder when they're diagnosed with fibro.


Question: What does the pain and tenderness associated with fibromyalgia feel like?

Answer: Since there are no lab or imaging tests for it, when you go to get a diagnosis, your doctor will ask about your symptoms to decide if you have fibromyalgia Many people with fibro -- also called fibromyalgia syndrome or FMS -- may have: Pain and tender points Fatigue Sleep problems Concentration and memory problems, known as "fibro fog" Anxiety or depression Morning stiffness Numbness, and tingling in hands, arms, feet, and legs Headaches Irritable bowel syndrome Problems with urinating Painful menstrual cramps Almost all people with fibromyalgia ache all over. It can feel similar to osteoarthritis, bursitis, and tendinitis, but it's over your entire body. This is usually what makes you go see your doctor. The pain can be deep, sharp, dull, throbbing, or aching. You feel it in your muscles, tendons, and ligaments around the joints. For some people, the pain comes and goes. It could travel throughout your body. You may also have tender points -- specific spots around your joints that hurt when you press them with a finger. If you press a tender point on a person without fibromyalgia, they'll just feel pressure. But that same pressure would be very painful for someone with fibro. These tender points are in predictable places on the body. They're often under the surface of the skin, not in areas of deep pain. It's the tissue around the muscles and joints that hurts rather than the joints themselves.


Question: How does fibromyalgia affect mood?

Answer: Up to half of all people with fibromyalgia have depression or an anxiety disorder when they're diagnosed with fibro. Dealing with being fatigued and in pain all the time can be stressful. You probably worry about keeping up with life and what you can do to feel better. You may become less active and more withdrawn, which can lead to depression. It's also possible that anxiety and depression may actually be a part of fibromyalgia, like the pain. People diagnosed with fibromyalgia and depression have a hard time with concentration and short-term memory, which make it hard to remember day-to-day things, like where they've put their keys or plans they've made for lunch tomorrow.


Question: How can problems peeing happen to people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Feeling the urge to go a lot, hurting when you do, or a leaky bladder can happen when you have fibromyalgia. These symptoms could also be caused by bladder and kidney diseases, such as an infection.


Question: How do headaches affect people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Up to 2 out of 5 people with fibro also get migraine or tension headaches regularly. They may be a result of pain in your neck and upper back. They're often caused by tight neck muscles. They may also be caused by tender points over the back of your head and neck. Headaches can make it much harder for you to live with fibro and manage the disease.


Question: What should you know about the symptoms of fibromyalgia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Because the classic symptoms of fibromyalgia -- widespread muscle and joint pain and fatigue -- aren't very distinctive, the condition is often misdiagnosed and misunderstood. You may not have all of the symptoms, and you may have other medical problems, too. Since there are no lab or imaging tests for it, when you go to get a diagnosis, your doctor will ask about your symptoms to decide if you have fibromyalgia Many people with fibro -- also called fibromyalgia syndrome or FMS -- may have: Pain and tender points Fatigue Sleep problems Concentration and memory problems, known as "fibro fog" Anxiety or depression Morning stiffness Numbness, and tingling in hands, arms, feet, and legs Headaches Irritable bowel syndrome Problems with urinating Painful menstrual cramps Almost all people with fibromyalgia ache all over.


Question: How does swelling and tingling in hands and feet affect people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: While the cause of numbness, tingling, and burning is unclear, many people with fibro feel them. These sensations, called paresthesia, tend to happen randomly. They may last a few minutes, or they may be constant. The feelings can be especially bothersome in the mornings along with morning stiffness.


Question: How does fibromyalgia affect menstrual cramps?

Answer: You may not have all of the symptoms, and you may have other medical problems, too.


Question: What does fatigue feel like in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: A lingering tiredness and feeling drained is another big complaint. People often feel tired even when they should feel rested, such as after a good night's sleep. Some say it's like having the flu. Some compare it to working long hours and missing a lot of sleep. You may feel too tired to exercise or more tired after a workout. Simple things such as grocery shopping or cooking dinner could wipe you out. Starting a project such as folding clothes or ironing could seem like too much effort. You might even be too tired for sex.


Question: How common is irritable bowel syndrome in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: About two-thirds of people with fibromyalgia often have belly pain, gas, and bloating and feel like throwing up. They can also have constipation and diarrhea. Many have acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), too.


Question: What are common symptoms of and related conditions associated with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Since there are no lab or imaging tests for it, when you go to get a diagnosis, your doctor will ask about your symptoms to decide if you have fibromyalgia Many people with fibro -- also called fibromyalgia syndrome or FMS -- may have: Pain and tender points Fatigue Sleep problems Concentration and memory problems, known as "fibro fog" Anxiety or depression Morning stiffness Numbness, and tingling in hands, arms, feet, and legs Headaches Irritable bowel syndrome Problems with urinating Painful menstrual cramps Almost all people with fibromyalgia ache all over.


Question: What is morning stiffness like in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Most people with fibromyalgia feel like they need to "loosen up" after getting out of bed before they can start their day. The muscles and joints of their back, arms, and legs feel stiff. It's not typical creakiness. It's more like the stiffness someone with rheumatoid arthritis feels. Although some people say it lasts only a few minutes, the stiffness usually sticks around for more than 15 to 20 minutes each day. Sometimes it lasts for hours, and it could linger all day.


Question: What are side effects of the flu shot in adults?

Answer: If you get the nasal spray, you might have side effects like a runny nose, headache, cough, and sore throat.


Question: Can the flu shot have severe side effects?

Answer: Serious side effects are rare. If they do happen, it's within a few minutes to a few hours after you get the shot. Call your doctor right away if you have trouble breathing, hives, feel weak or dizzy, or have a fast heartbeat afterward.


Question: What is the best way to protect yourself from the flu?

Answer: The flu vaccine is the best way to protect yourself from the influenza virus. The flu shot becomes effective about 2 weeks after you get it. Some people should make sure it's OK to get vaccinated.


Question: What is the difference between asthma and colds?

Answer: Asthma is associated with inflammation of the lower airways inside your lungs called the bronchial tubes. Colds result from infection with a virus. Cold viruses mainly affect your nose and throat. These are the upper airways.


Question: What are the common symptoms of asthma?

Answer: The most common asthma symptoms include: Frequent coughing Shortness of breath Wheezing Chest tightness Cold symptoms often begin with throat discomfort or sore throat.


Question: What happens to your airways during an asthma attack?

Answer: Asthma is associated with inflammation of the lower airways inside your lungs called the bronchial tubes. During normal breathing, the bands of muscle that surround the airways are relaxed. During an asthma attack, three main changes occur that stop air from moving easily through the airways: The bands of muscle that surround the airways tighten. This tightening is called bronchospasm. The cells that line the airways produce more mucus, which is thicker than normal. Call your doctor if you experience any of these signs: Fever (with a temperature over 101 ° F) or chills Increased fatigue or weakness A very sore throat or pain when swallowing Sinus headaches, upper toothaches, or tenderness or pain of the upper cheekbones Coughing up greater amounts of yellow- or green-colored mucus Difficulty swallowing your saliva Also call your doctor if you have any other symptoms that cause concern, such as the following: Increased shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or wheezing Symptoms getting worse or remaining unchanged after seven days Symptoms remaining unchanged or getting worse after 10 days Eye pain or swelling and/or vision changes Severe head or facial pain or swelling Neck stiffness or sensitivity to light Good hygiene can decrease viral infections such as colds.


Question: How can an asthma action plan help you manage asthma and colds?

Answer: If you have asthma, catching a cold may worsen or trigger your symptoms. It may also include adding a prevention inhaler (like a steroid inhaler) when you get a cold even if you aren't having asthma symptoms yet. Your plan will specify when symptoms warrant a call to your doctor.


Question: Should I get regular checkups if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Even when you're on the upswing, it's important for you to have regular doctor visits and take your meds the way you have been. After all, they're working. You should see your doctor at least once a year to check on your RA. Keep up with your lab appointments, too. You need regular blood tests to see how you're doing and spot possible side effects of your treatment.


Question: How can you lose weight to help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Keep an eye on your scale. Extra pounds put stress on your joints. If you're overweight, your joints may get stiffer and more painful, and your flares can be worse. Eat a healthy, lower-calorie diet. Here's how: Fill half your plate with fruits and veggies. When you choose grains, pick whole grains at least half the time. For example, go for brown rice instead of white. Pick low-fat or fat-free versions when you have dairy. Eat healthy proteins like seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, and nuts.


Question: How can regular checkups help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Even when you're on the upswing, it's important for you to have regular doctor visits and take your meds the way you have been. After all, they're working. You should see your doctor at least once a year to check on your RA. Keep up with your lab appointments, too. You need regular blood tests to see how you're doing and spot possible side effects of your treatment.


Question: How can you stay active to help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: With your doctor's OK, get 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise -- the kind that gets your heart pumping -- on as many days of the week as you can. Avoid anything that puts a lot of stress on your joints, like running. Some good activities to try are: Walking Water aerobics Swimming Bicycling Do some strength training a couple of times each week to build up the muscles that support your joints. Stretch to make your body more flexible, too.


Question: Should I lose weight if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Extra pounds put stress on your joints. If you're overweight, your joints may get stiffer and more painful, and your flares can be worse.


Question: Do I need to stay active and fit with my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: With your doctor's OK, get 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise -- the kind that gets your heart pumping -- on as many days of the week as you can. Avoid anything that puts a lot of stress on your joints, like running. Some good activities to try are: Walking Water aerobics Swimming Bicycling Do some strength training a couple of times each week to build up the muscles that support your joints. Stretch to make your body more flexible, too. However, be careful not to overdo it.


Question: Should I worry about flare-ups of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: When you have rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), make sure you celebrate your good days. Don't worry about possible flares down the road. Move ahead with the things that keep you healthy.


Question: What foods should I eat if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You need regular blood tests to see how you're doing and spot possible side effects of your treatment. You'll find it in: Leafy vegetables Beans Whole grains You can also take it as a supplement. Make sure you get enough calcium and vitamin D, too. Load up on omega-3 fatty acids, which are in things like salmon and tuna. These good fats can help your body fight inflammation. Choose fish twice a week, or take a fish oil supplement.


Question: How can nickel cause skin allergies?

Answer: It's used to make everything from jewelry to belts to eyeglass frames to paper clips -- and it's the leading cause of skin allergies. You're most likely to be at risk for a reaction if you're a hair stylist, retail clerk, caterer, house cleaner, or you work with metal. If you're allergic to nickel in something you eat, you'll get bumps on the sides of your fingers, called dyshidrotic hand eczema or pompholyx. There's no treatment for a nickel allergy, so you'll have to stop wearing or using anything with it. You could try painting a coat of nail polish on jewelry, which puts a barrier between the metal and your skin.


Question: How can poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac cause skin allergies?

Answer: When parts of the leaves of these plants are damaged or bruised, they release an oil called urushiol. And if that gets on your skin, it causes an itchy red rash with bumps or blisters. You can treat the rash with wet compresses, calamine lotion, oatmeal baths, or hydrocortisone cream. But see a doctor right away if your reaction is severe or if you breathed in the oil, perhaps from burning plants.


Question: What do you need to know about skin allergies?

Answer: Your allergist has the final call, but it's possible you've got a skin allergy. A bunch of things can cause an allergic reaction when you brush up against them. Whether your allergy trigger is a plant like poison ivy or a chemical in your makeup, your best defense is to keep your distance. If you're allergic to nickel in something you eat, you'll get bumps on the sides of your fingers, called dyshidrotic hand eczema or pompholyx.


Question: How can clothing cause skin allergies?

Answer: The sap from rubber trees is mixed with a chemical and used to make products like: Rubber gloves Condoms Erasers Elastic waistbands and bras Balloons Your allergy might be mild, like a rash on your hands when you take off gloves, or it could be life-threatening. A rash on your trunk after you wear a shirt, or on your feet when you wear certain shoes or socks, could be from an allergy. You may also need to switch to cotton or organic cotton blends. you may want to avoid wool or mohair.


Question: How can medications cause skin allergies?

Answer: A severe reaction, called anaphylaxis, might quickly spread throughout your body and make it hard to breathe. Look for these drugs on labels for products that treat cuts, scrapes, burns, itching, insect bites and stings, cold sores, toothaches, and earaches, as well as cough drops: Bacitracin Benzocaine Hydrocortisone Neomycin You may get a rash or hives if you've used certain products or combinations of them on your skin, and then go outside in the sun or use a tanning bed.


Question: How can brown rice help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: You might be tempted to cut back on carbs to help lose the baby weight. Don't. Losing weight too quickly may cause you to make less milk and leave you feeling sluggish. Mix healthy, whole-grain carbs like brown rice into your diet to keep your energy levels up. Foods like brown rice provide your body the calories it needs to make the best-quality milk for your baby.


Question: How can blueberries help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Breastfeeding moms should be sure to get two or more servings of fruit or juice each day. Blueberries are an excellent choice to help you meet your needs. These satisfying and yummy berries are filled with good-for-you vitamins and minerals, and they give you a healthy dose of carbohydrates to keep your energy levels high.


Question: How can eggs help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Eggs are a versatile way to meet your daily protein needs. Scramble a couple of eggs for breakfast, toss a hard-boiled egg or two on your lunchtime salad, or have an omelet and salad for dinner. Opt for DHA-fortified eggs to boost the level of this essential fatty acid in your milk.


Question: How can legumes help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Iron-rich beans, particularly dark-colored ones like black beans and kidney beans, are a great breastfeeding food, especially for vegetarians. They're a budget-friendly source of high quality, non-animal protein.


Question: What are some warnings about eating salmon for losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: One caution: The FDA recommends that breastfeeding women, women who are pregnant, and women who might get pregnant limit how much salmon they eat. The guidelines recommend an average of 12 ounces, or the equivalent of two main servings, per week. The reason is to limit the amount mercury your new child is exposed to. The mercury level in salmon is considered low. Some other fish, such as swordfish or mackerel, have a high amount of mercury and should be avoided altogether. The 12 ounces are an average. Eating more in 1 week -- such as having three servings instead of two -- won't hurt as long as you eat less the following week.


Question: How can lean beef help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Boost your energy as a new mom with iron-rich foods like lean beef. A lack of iron can drain your energy levels, making it hard for you to keep up with the demands of a newborn baby. Nursing moms need to eat extra protein and vitamin B-12. Lean beef is an excellent source for both.


Question: How can leafy greens help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Leafy green veggies like spinach, Swiss chard, and broccoli are filled with vitamin A, which is good for you and your baby. The benefits don't stop there. They're a good non-dairy source of calcium and contain vitamin C and iron. Green veggies are also filled with heart-healthy antioxidants and are low in calories.


Question: How can whole-wheat bread help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: DHA is crucial to the development of your baby's nervous system. Folic acid is an important nutrient in your breast milk that your baby needs for good health, and it's crucial you eat enough for your own well-being, too. Enriched whole-grain breads and pastas are fortified with it, and also give you a healthy dose of fiber and iron.


Question: How can oranges help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Iron-rich beans, particularly dark-colored ones like black beans and kidney beans, are a great breastfeeding food, especially for vegetarians. Oranges and other citrus fruits are excellent breastfeeding foods, since nursing moms need more vitamin C than pregnant women.


Question: How can drinking water help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Iron-rich beans, particularly dark-colored ones like black beans and kidney beans, are a great breastfeeding food, especially for vegetarians. Mix healthy, whole-grain carbs like brown rice into your diet to keep your energy levels up. You can vary your options and meet some of your fluid requirements by drinking juice and milk. But be careful when it comes to caffeinated drinks like coffee or tea. Have no more than 2-3 cups a day, or switch to decaf. Caffeine enters your breast milk and can cause your baby to become irritable and sleep poorly.


Question: What can help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: If you're breastfeeding, your milk is loaded with calcium to help your baby's bones develop, so it's important for you to eat enough calcium to meet your own needs. Boost your energy as a new mom with iron-rich foods like lean beef. Lean beef is an excellent source for both. Foods like brown rice provide your body the calories it needs to make the best-quality milk for your baby. To keep your energy levels and milk production up, make sure you stay well-hydrated.


Question: How can whole-grain cereal help with losing pregnancy weight for new moms?

Answer: Milk delivers a boost of bone-strengthening vitamin D. In addition to providing protein and B vitamins, dairy products are one of the best sources of calcium. Many cold cereals are fortified with essential vitamins and nutrients to help you meet your daily needs. Whip up a healthy, hot breakfast by stirring blueberries and skim milk into a delicious serving of oatmeal.


Question: What do the test results from the CD4 let the doctor know?

Answer: Your test results help your doctor know how much damage has been done to your immune system and what's likely to happen next if antiretroviral treatment ( ART) is not initiated. All persons with HIV should be started on ART regardless of whether the CD4 count is high or low. The CD4 count should increase in response to effective ART.


Question: What medication can be taken to help low CD4 counts?

Answer: Persons with very low CD4 counts may need to take drugs to prevent specific opportunistic infections ( OIs) in addition to taking their ART. Once the CD4 count increases in response to ART, it may be possible to stop taking these OI medications.


Question: What else can affect your CD4 count?

Answer: Things other than the HIV virus can influence how high or low your CD4 count is, too. An infection like the flu, pneumonia, or a herpes simplex virus (including cold sores) can make your CD4 count go down for a while. Your CD4 count will go way down when you're having chemotherapy for cancer. To get the most accurate and helpful results for your CD4 count, try to: Use the same lab each time. Wait for at least a couple of weeks after you've been sick or gotten a shot before you get a test.


Question: When should you get a CD4 count test?

Answer: Right after you're diagnosed, you should get a CD4 count for a "baseline measurement." That gives your doctor something to compare future test results to. It may also indicate the need for drugs to prevent specific OIs in addition to the drugs you are taking for HIV. A viral load test 2 to 8 weeks after you start or change treatment helps your doctor decide how well the ART is working. A CD4 test will indicate whether the immune system is improving in response to ART. Then you should typically get a CD4 test every 3 to 6 months, or as often as your doctor recommends, to see how well your immune system is doing. Persons with low CD4 counts who are taking drugs to prevent specific OIs in addition to their ART may be able to stop these OI drugs as their immune system responds to ART. Persons with CD4 counts above 500 who maintain viral suppression may not need further CD4 testing.


Question: How do you treat viral meningitis?

Answer: Antibiotics can't treat viral meningitis and, in most cases, the infection goes away on its own with time. Viral meningitis is usually much less severe than other types. Your teen may need only a few days in the hospital. When he's there, he'll get fluids through an IV to prevent dehydration, as well as painkillers.


Question: How do you treat bacterial meningitis?

Answer: If the spinal fluid tests show your teen has bacterial meningitis, he'll need to keep up with the antibiotics until the infection goes away, possibly for as long as 2 weeks. Because bacterial meningitis can spread easily to others, he'll probably stay in an isolated room for at least 48 hours. Meningitis can make the eyes sensitive to light, so your teen may prefer a darkened room. He'll get plenty of liquids and drugs to relieve headache and fever. To keep him from getting reinfected, doctors will look for a source of the infection, such as an infected sinus.


Question: How do you treat fungal meningitis?

Answer: Viral meningitis is usually much less severe than other types. If your teen has fungal meningitis, he'll get antifungal medications in the hospital that can fight this rare type of infection. He'll also need to get liquids to prevent dehydration and drugs to control pain and fever.


Question: How do you test for meningitis?

Answer: It's a key way to get a diagnosis. Your teen's doctor may also need to get samples of his blood or urine. The bacterial form of meningitis can be life-threatening and needs to be treated quickly. Your teen will likely stay in a hospital to get antibiotics put into his veins through an IV until the doctor gets the results of a spinal tap.


Question: When should I call the doctor for my child's eye problem?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal or a pencil stuck in an eye (if your ophthalmologist is not in the office) Uneven pupils (if there's been a closed-head injury) Problems seeing after an eye injury Been in contact with chemicals, especially alkali such as drain cleaner Is younger than age 1 Has been hit in the eye with an object Has an irritated or red eye Has continuous tearing Has an eye that's extremely sensitive to light Keeps blinking Has a painful, swollen, or red area close to the eyelid or eye Has a cut on the eyeball (a cut on the eyelid is less medically urgent) May need stitches Simply flushing the eye with water often helps when your child has something in her eye.


Question: When should I call 911 for my child's eye problem?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal or a pencil stuck in an eye (if your ophthalmologist is not in the office) Uneven pupils (if there's been a closed-head injury) Problems seeing after an eye injury Been in contact with chemicals, especially alkali such as drain cleaner Is younger than age 1 Has been hit in the eye with an object Has an irritated or red eye Has continuous tearing Has an eye that's extremely sensitive to light Keeps blinking Has a painful, swollen, or red area close to the eyelid or eye Has a cut on the eyeball (a cut on the eyelid is less medically urgent) May need stitches Simply flushing the eye with water often helps when your child has something in her eye.


Question: How can parents treat a minor cut or scratch around the eye?

Answer: Hold gauze on the wound for 10 minutes. Cover the eye with a cloth for protection, and wash the area with clean water for a few minutes. Ask your pediatrician whether you should use antibiotic ointment if the wound is close to the eye or eyelid. Put a bandage on the wound. Change the bandage every day. Give child-formula acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain, if needed. Do not give aspirin to a child under 16 years of age.


Question: When should parents call the doctor after an eye injury ?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal or a pencil stuck in an eye (if your ophthalmologist is not in the office) Uneven pupils (if there's been a closed-head injury) Problems seeing after an eye injury Been in contact with chemicals, especially alkali such as drain cleaner Is younger than age 1 Has been hit in the eye with an object Has an irritated or red eye Has continuous tearing Has an eye that's extremely sensitive to light Keeps blinking Has a painful, swollen, or red area close to the eyelid or eye Has a cut on the eyeball (a cut on the eyelid is less medically urgent) May need stitches Simply flushing the eye with water often helps when your child has something in her eye. But serious eye injuries need immediate medical care.


Question: Where should I go if my child has an eye injury?

Answer: An object such as a piece of glass or metal or a pencil stuck in an eye (if your ophthalmologist is not in the office) Uneven pupils (if there's been a closed-head injury) Problems seeing after an eye injury Been in contact with chemicals, especially alkali such as drain cleaner Is younger than age 1 Has been hit in the eye with an object Has an irritated or red eye Has continuous tearing Has an eye that's extremely sensitive to light Keeps blinking Has a painful, swollen, or red area close to the eyelid or eye Has a cut on the eyeball (a cut on the eyelid is less medically urgent) May need stitches Simply flushing the eye with water often helps when your child has something in her eye.


Question: How do I treat a minor cut or scratch around my child's eye?

Answer: Hold gauze on the wound for 10 minutes. Cover the eye with a cloth for protection, and wash the area with clean water for a few minutes. Ask your pediatrician whether you should use antibiotic ointment if the wound is close to the eye or eyelid. Give child-formula acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain, if needed. Do not give aspirin to a child who is under age 16.


Question: What should I do if an object is stuck in my child's eye?

Answer: Tape a paper cup over the eye. Do not try to remove the object. Ask your pediatrician whether you should use antibiotic ointment if the wound is close to the eye or eyelid.


Question: What should I do if my child's eye has been exposed to chemicals?

Answer: Hold the child's head over a sink, facing down and to the side, and hold the eye open. If you suspect broken bones, damage to the eye, or a head injury, take the child to the emergency room. Keep the child from rubbing the affected eye. If outside, use whatever water is closest -- water fountain, garden hose. Pour water over the eye for 15 to 20 minutes. If the chemical is in both eyes, rinse them in the shower.


Question: How should I treat my child's bruised or swollen eye?

Answer: But serious eye injuries need immediate medical care. If you suspect broken bones, damage to the eye, or a head injury, take the child to the emergency room. If the black eye was caused by something hitting the eye, call your pediatrician. Put an ice pack on the area for 20 minutes each hour to lessen swelling. Repeat for four hours. Don't press on the eye. After 2 days, switch to a warm cloth on the area for 10 minutes, three times daily. Give child-formula acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil) for pain, if needed. Do not give aspirin to a child who is under age 16.


Question: How should I treat my child's minor eye irritation?

Answer: Wash your hands. Keep the child from rubbing the eye. Hold the child's head over a sink, facing down and to the side, and hold the eye open. Gently pour water over the eye for five minutes and see whether the object is out. Repeat up to two more times if the object does not come out of the eye. If the object is still in the eye, put a light bandage over it and take the child to the emergency room. Cover the eye with a cloth for protection, and wash the area with clean water for a few minutes.


Question: How does a parent treat chemical exposure?

Answer: If you suspect broken bones, damage to the eye, or a head injury, take the child to the emergency room. Wash your hands. Keep the child from rubbing the affected eye. Hold the child's head over a sink, facing down and to the side, and hold the eye open. If outside, use whatever water is closest -- water fountain, garden hose. Pour water over the eye for 15 to 20 minutes. If the chemical is in both eyes, rinse them in the shower.


Question: Is there a cure for asthma?

Answer: In fact, it's highly advisable to avoid any treatment or product -- natural or otherwise -- that claims to be a "cure" for asthma. Even though there's no natural cure for asthma, your symptoms can be treated and controlled with several asthma medications.


Question: What are the benefits of dental bridges?

Answer: Bridges can: Restore your smile Restore the ability to properly chew and speak Maintain the shape of your face Distribute the forces in your bite properly by replacing missing teeth Prevent remaining teeth from drifting out of position There are three main types of dental bridges: Traditional bridges involve creating a crown for the tooth or implant on either side of the missing tooth, with a pontic in between. Traditional bridges are the most common type of bridge and are made of either porcelain fused to metal or ceramics. Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth.


Question: Will it be difficult to eat with a dental bridge?

Answer: Until you become accustomed to the bridge, eat soft foods that have been cut into small pieces.


Question: How long do dental bridges last?

Answer: Dental bridges can last five to 15 years and even longer.


Question: What are dental bridges?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dental bridges literally bridge the gap created by one or more missing teeth. A bridge is made up of two or more crowns for the teeth on either side of the gap -- these two or more anchoring teeth are called abutment teeth -- and a false tooth/teeth in between. These false teeth are called pontics and can be made from gold, alloys, porcelain, or a combination of these materials. Dental bridges are supported by natural teeth or implants.


Question: What are the three main types of dental bridges?

Answer: A bridge is made up of two or more crowns for the teeth on either side of the gap -- these two or more anchoring teeth are called abutment teeth -- and a false tooth/teeth in between. Traditional bridges are the most common type of bridge and are made of either porcelain fused to metal or ceramics. Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth. This is not very common any more and is not recommended in the back of the mouth where it can put too much force on other teeth and damage them. Maryland bonded bridges (also called a resin-bonded bridge or a Maryland bridge) are made of porcelain, porcelain fused to metal, or plastic teeth and gums supported by a metal or porcelain framework. Metal or porcelain wings often on just one side of the bridge are bonded to your existing teeth.


Question: Will the dental bridge change how I speak?

Answer: Cantilever bridges are used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth. Wearing a dental bridge with the anterior teeth in their proper relationship will help you speak properly.


Question: What are the side effects of antidepressants like l-methylfolate (Deplin)?

Answer: Referred to as a medical food, l-methylfolate is a prescription strength form of folate. Folate is also known as vitamin B9 and is one of the essential B vitamins. It helps regulate all three of the brain's monoamine neurotransmitters associated with moods. Side effects include hives, swelling, nausea and bloating.


Question: What are the most effective antidepressants and what are its side effects?

Answer: MAOIs such as isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), selegiline ( EMSAM), and tranylcypromine ( Parnate), are among the most effective of all known antidepressants. But they can cause serious interactions with some foods -- like aged meats and cheeses, fermented products like soy sauce, and broad flat beans -- as well as other medicines. For instance, they can be hazardous when combined with medicines such as pseudoephedrine ( Sudafed) that can raise blood pressure, and the interactions can lead to such effects as high blood pressure that is potentially fatal. They can also be dangerous with most other antidepressants, which can then raise levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin excessively.


Question: How can you deal with minor side effects of antidepressant medication?

Answer: Here are some tips for dealing with minor side effects of antidepressant medication. If your medicine upsets your stomach, ask your doctor if you should take it with a meal or if the risk may be less with a brand rather than a generic form of a drug. If your depression medicine makes you sleepy during the day or keeps you awake at night, ask your doctor what time of day you should take it. By taking your medicine first thing in the morning or right before bed, you might diminish some of the unwanted effects. Don't take depression medicine with alcohol.


Question: Why is it important to talk to your doctor about the side effects of antidepressants?

Answer: In fact, side effects are one of the main reasons that people with depression stop taking their medicine during their recovery. If your medicine upsets your stomach, ask your doctor if you should take it with a meal or if the risk may be less with a brand rather than a generic form of a drug. Don't stop taking your medication on your own if you don't like the side effects. Stopping your medicine suddenly can make your symptoms get worse and cause a relapse of your depression. If your doctor doesn't take your side effects seriously at first, be more clear about needing a plan to address them. Whatever you do, don't ignore side effects. Work with your doctor to resolve them so you have a better chance of recovery from your depression.


Question: How can side effects of antidepressants affect your treatment for depression?

Answer: In fact, side effects are one of the main reasons that people with depression stop taking their medicine during their recovery. Yet it's important to keep in mind that antidepressants can help you recover. The American Psychiatric Association recommends that people keep taking their medicine at least for four to five months after they recover from a first depressive episode -- in order to reduce the risk of relapse. And for people who have had multiple previous episodes, the recommendation is often longer (or sometimes even to continue indefinitely). It helps regulate all three of the brain's monoamine neurotransmitters associated with moods.


Question: What can you do about the side effects of antidepressants?

Answer: Like any medication, antidepressants can cause side effects. You and your doctor should work together to figure out the right balance. Keep in mind that many side effects might be worse when you first start a medicine or when you increase the dose. They may get better as your body adjusts. So if your side effects are mild, your doctor may want you to stick with your depression medicine to see if the side effects go away on their own.


Question: What is opioid constipation?

Answer: Constipation, or trouble pooping, is the most common side effect of the pain meds called opioids. Most people who take them will need to also take specific medications to get more regular bowel movements.


Question: How can other medications cause constipation?

Answer: Check your other medications. Opioids aren't the only drugs that can cause constipation. Antihistamines, some antidepressants, some medicines for heart disease, and chemotherapy drugs can have the same effect. Check with your doctor to see if any other medications you're taking may be adding to the problem.


Question: How can fiber help improve opioid constipation?

Answer: It can help keep your bowels regular. One kind of fiber, the "soluble" type, is especially helpful for opioid constipation. You can get it in foods that get soft when you add water to them, like oatmeal, barley, and flax. You can also get fiber from fruits (especially prunes and even warm prune juice), vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and nuts. Don't use fiber products that have psyllium. They can make opioid constipation worse.


Question: How can being active help with opioid constipation?

Answer: No matter the cause of constipation, physical activity will get your bowels moving. Even a little bit of gentle movement can help. Try 10 minutes of walking, some light stretches, or doing chores around the house. Talk with your doctor about what kind of activity might work for you.


Question: What kind of routine can help with opioid constipation?

Answer: Try to go to the bathroom at the same time every day. For many people it's in the morning after breakfast. And make sure you have a place to go that feels private. If you feel like going, don't wait. That can make constipation worse.


Question: How does drinking more water help prevent constipation as a side effect from opioids?

Answer: Dehydration is one reason many people get constipated, and opioids can make it worse. Plus, it can be tough to get the amount of fluids your body needs when you're in pain. Try to drink more H2 O throughout the day, even if you sip a little at a time. Hot liquids, like coffee, tea, or broth, can get things moving, too. You can also suck on ice chips, or nosh on foods with a lot of water, like watermelon or berries.


Question: How can water help improve opioid constipation?

Answer: Dehydration is one reason many people get constipated, and opioids can make it worse. Plus, it can be tough to get the amount of fluids your body needs when you're in pain. Try to drink more H2 O throughout the day, even if you sip a little at a time. Hot liquids, like coffee, tea, or broth, can get things moving, too. You can also suck on ice chips, or nosh on foods with a lot of water, like watermelon or berries.


Question: Which foods are good sources of fiber in preventing opioid constipation?

Answer: It can help keep your bowels regular. One kind of fiber, the "soluble" type, is especially helpful for opioid constipation. You can get it in foods that get soft when you add water to them, like oatmeal, barley, and flax. You can also get fiber from fruits (especially prunes and even warm prune juice), vegetables, whole grains, seeds, and nuts. Don't use fiber products that have psyllium. They can make opioid constipation worse.


Question: How can you treat opioid constipation?

Answer: Constipation, or trouble pooping, is the most common side effect of the pain meds called opioids. Most people who take them will need to also take specific medications to get more regular bowel movements. But some simple habits you can start at home can make a difference, too. Try these tips to get relief. Drink more water. Check your other medications.


Question: When can you leave the hospital after a severe asthma attack?

Answer: When the doctors at the hospital decide that you're well enough to go home, they'll make sure that you have: Medicines to keep your asthma under control An asthma action plan that lets you know how to prevent asthma attacks and manage your condition. You should already have one of these, but if you don't, you will when you leave the hospital.


Question: What is included in your treatment for severe asthma at the hospital?

Answer: Your treatment in the hospital may include continuous use of an asthma nebulizer, and also supplemental oxygen and steroid medicine to stop the attack. The doctor may also give you a dose of magnesium sulfate, which you'd get by IV, to help the muscles around your airways relax. These aren't medicines that would be a normal part of asthma care -- doctors just use them for emergencies.


Question: When should you call 911 for severe asthma?

Answer: That's often possible when you avoid your triggers, take your medicine, and follow the asthma action plan that you made with your doctor. Don't drive yourself to the hospital. It's not safe.


Question: How can cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom) help with treating pollen allergies?

Answer: Cromolyn sodium ( Nasal Crom) is a nasal spray that keeps certain cells in the body called mast cells from releasing chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. It's available without a prescription and helps a runny/itchy nose, sneezing, and congestion.


Question: How do immunotherapy tablets help with treating pollen allergies?

Answer: The FDA has approved three of these products: Grastek, Oralair, and Ragwitek. They work the same way as shots. The goal is to boost your tolerance of allergy triggers. The tablets can cause an allergic reaction in some people, so you will need to take your first one at your doctor's office to make sure it's safe for you.


Question: How can nasal steroids help with treating pollen allergies?

Answer: These are drugs you spray into your nose. They are the first choice of treatment for allergic rhinitis. They relieve congestion, a runny or itchy nose, sneezing, and other symptoms. Nasal steroids are often the first treatment doctors recommend. Some steroid sprays require a doctor's prescription, but three of them, budesonide ( Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone ( Flonase) and triamcinolone ( Nasacort Allergy 24 HR), do not. It's best to start using them before pollen season begins and to keep taking them as long as it lasts. It may take up to a week before your symptoms get better.


Question: What should I expect during clinical trials?

Answer: The new treatments are hoped to be at least as effective as -- or possibly more effective than -- current treatments. New treatment options are first researched in the laboratory, where they are carefully studied in the test tube and in laboratory animals. Only the treatments most likely to work are further evaluated in a small group of humans prior to applying them in a larger clinical trial.


Question: What is it like to participate in a clinical trial?

Answer: All patients face a new world of medical terms and procedures. Fears and myths of being experimented upon or being a guinea pig are common concerns of patients who are thinking about participating in a clinical trial. Even though there are always going to be fears of the unknown, understanding what is involved in a clinical trial before agreeing to participate can relieve some of your anxieties.


Question: What are the phases of a clinical trial?

Answer: Phase I clinical trial. A new research treatment is given to a small number of participants and emphasizes safety. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment, find out the drug's most frequent and serious side effects, and how much of it can be given safely. Phase II clinical trials. Determine the effect of a research treatment on the particular disease or condition being evaluated. Phase III clinical trials. Compare the new treatment with the standard treatment and study different populations and different dosages and combinations of drugs. Phase IV clinical trials. Apply the new treatment to general patient care (after FDA approval for marketing); for example, a new drug that was found effective in a clinical trial may be used together with other effective drugs to treat the particular disease or condition in a select group of patients.


Question: What are the advantages of participating in a clinical trial?

Answer: Be sure to discuss your treatment costs with the physicians and nurses conducting the clinical trial. Because the drug or device being studied is new, all of the risks and side effects of the treatment are not known at the beginning of the clinical trial. Even if you sign the form, you are free to leave the trial at any time to receive other available treatments. After you agree to participate in a clinical trial, you will continue to receive any new information about your treatment that may affect your willingness to stay in the trial.


Question: How would my treatment be different if I participated in a clinical trial?

Answer: Although they can be inconvenient, these tests can assure extra observation. Depending on the type of clinical trial, you may be asked to stop or change the medication(s) you are currently taking. You may also be asked to change your diet or any activities that could affect the outcome of the trial. Some clinical trials are double-blind, placebo-controlled. This means that the clinical trial participants may receive the real drug or an inactive substance that looks exactly like the drug (called a placebo). Neither the participant nor the researcher will know which drug they are receiving. What kinds of tests and treatments does the clinical trial involve, and how are these tests given?


Question: What are some other common risk factors for acid reflux disease?

Answer: These are other common risk factors for acid reflux disease: Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal Being overweight or obese Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist Snacking close to bedtime Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea Smoking Being pregnant Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications Common symptoms of acid reflux are: Heartburn: a burning pain or discomfort that may move from your stomach to your abdomen or chest, or even up into your throat Regurgitation: a sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into your throat or mouth Other symptoms of acid reflux disease include: Bloating Bloody or black stools or bloody vomiting Burping Dysphagia -- the sensation of food being stuck in your throat Hiccups that don't let up Nausea Weight loss for no known reason Wheezing, dry cough, hoarseness, or chronic sore throat It's time to see your doctor if you have acid reflux symptoms two or more times a week or if medications don't bring lasting relief.


Question: Can acid reflux disease be treated with medications?

Answer: In many cases, lifestyle changes combined with over-the-counter medications are all you need to control the symptoms of acid reflux disease. Antacids, such as Alka- Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, or Riopan, can neutralize the acid from your stomach. But they may cause diarrhea or constipation, especially if you overuse them. It's best to use antacids that contain both magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. When combined, they may help counteract these gastrointestinal side effects.


Question: How is fundoplication used to treat acid reflux disease?

Answer: Another surgical procedure called a fundoplication can help prevent further acid reflux. It creates an artificial valve using the top of your stomach. The procedure involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the LES to strengthen it, prevent acid reflux, and repair a hiatal hernia. Surgeons perform this procedure through either an open incision in the abdomen or chest or with a lighted tube inserted through a tiny incision in the abdomen. These procedures are done only as a last resort for treating acid reflux disease after medical treatment has proven to be inadequate.


Question: What causes acid reflux disease?

Answer: This occurs when the upper part of the stomach and LES move above the diaphragm, a muscle that separates your stomach from your chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps keep acid in our stomach. But if you have a hiatal hernia, acid can move up into your esophagus and cause symptoms of acid reflux disease.


Question: Can acid reflux disease be treated with diet and lifestyle changes?

Answer: Here are other steps you can take: Eat smaller meals more frequently throughout the day and modify the types of foods you are eating.. Quit smoking. Put blocks under the head of your bed to raise it at least 4 inches to 6 inches. Eat at least 2 to 3 hours before lying down. Try sleeping in a chair for daytime naps. Don't wear tight clothes or tight belts. If you're overweight or obese, take steps to lose weight with exercise and diet changes. Also, ask your doctor whether any medication could be triggering your heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. The most recently approved procedure involves surgically placing a ring known as a LINX device around the outside of the lower end of the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.


Question: Is acid reflux disease ever treated with surgery?

Answer: Also, ask your doctor whether any medication could be triggering your heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux disease. There are two types of surgical treatment used to relieve symptoms of GERD if daily use of medication isn't effective. The most recently approved procedure involves surgically placing a ring known as a LINX device around the outside of the lower end of the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. The ring consists of magnetic titanium beads held together by titanium wires. The device helps reflux by preventing stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus. In one study, patients were able to stop taking medicine or cut down the amount they took. You shouldn't get the LINX device if you're allergic to certain metals, and once you have a LINX device you shouldn't get any type of MRI test.


Question: What medications are used to treat acid reflux disease?

Answer: If these steps don't help or if you have frequent or severe symptoms, your doctor may order tests to confirm a diagnosis and check for other problems. Some require a prescription. Your doctor may suggest more than one type or suggest you try a combination of medications such as these: Foaming agents ( Gaviscon) coat your stomach to prevent reflux. H2 blockers ( Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac) decrease acid production. Proton pump inhibitors ( Aciphex, Nexium, Prilosec, Prevacid, Protonix) also reduce the amount of acid your stomach makes. Prokinetics ( Reglan, Urecholine) can help strengthen the LES, empty your stomach faster, and reduce acid reflux.


Question: What are the different ways to cleanse your colon?

Answer: There are two main colon-cleansing methods. One involves buying products; the other involves seeing a practitioner to have a colon irrigation.


Question: What is the goal of natural colon cleansing?

Answer: The health claims made by producers of colon cleansing products and colon irrigation practitioners are broad and wide-reaching. Their main goal is to clear the colon of large quantities of stagnant, supposedly toxic waste encrusted on colon walls. Doing so, they claim, will enhance the vitality of the body. Other stated goals include: Improving mental outlook Improving the immune system Losing weight Reducing the risk of colon cancer Quality scientific research is lacking when it comes to determining whether or not a colon cleansing is helpful.


Question: How is colon cleansing with powdered or liquid supplements done?

Answer: Others you take through the rectum. Either way, the idea is to help the colon to expel its contents. You can find these products on the Internet or in health food stores, supermarkets, or pharmacies. They include: Enemas Laxatives-both stimulant and non stimulant types Herbal teas Enzymes Magnesium Colon cleansing with colon irrigation (high colonics).


Question: What are some potential side effects of colon cleansing?

Answer: There are some potential side effects, including: Vomiting, nausea, cramps Dizziness, a sign of dehydration Mineral imbalance Potential interference with medication absorption on day of procedure Bowel perforation Infection Depletion of helpful normal bowel flora unless replaced (i.e. probiotics) Kidney failure Be aware, if the therapist adds a substance to the water during colon irrigation, you run the risk of an allergic reaction.


Question: What else can you do to enhance colon health?

Answer: Risks of side effects increases, if you have: Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Severe hemorrhoids Tumors in your rectum or colon Recent bowel surgery Heart disease or kidney disease What you eat -- not what you flush through your colon -- may have the greatest impact on colon health, lowering your risk of colon cancer and enhancing your overall health. Increasing both soluble and insoluble fiber can help with a wide range of gastrointestinal problems, including constipation, diverticular disease, and colorectal cancer. The typical American consumes about 15 grams a day, but you need closer to 25 grams to 30 grams. If there are no gluten issues, add sources of both insoluble fiber, such as cereal and whole grains, and soluble fiber, such as bran, some fruit, some vegetables, and oatmeal. Also, drink plenty of fluids, but drink alcohol in moderation. Avoid tobacco and limit red meat. And, of course, get screened for colon cancer beginning at age 50, or earlier if your doctor advises.


Question: How might the risk of side effects from colon cleansing increase?

Answer: Risks of side effects increases, if you have: Diverticulitis Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Severe hemorrhoids Tumors in your rectum or colon Recent bowel surgery Heart disease or kidney disease What you eat -- not what you flush through your colon -- may have the greatest impact on colon health, lowering your risk of colon cancer and enhancing your overall health.


Question: Are there risks associated with natural colon cleansing?

Answer: Or is it true that colon cleansing can be beneficial? The government doesn't regulate natural colon cleansing products, so their potency, safety, and purity can't be guaranteed. It's always a good idea to talk with your primary health provider before starting a new practice such as colon cleansing.


Question: Is colon cleansing necessary?

Answer: In the U. S., cleansing the colon -- the large intestine -- became popular in the early 1900s. But when the theories behind it lost support, it fell out of favor. Recently, though, colon cleansing -- using, for example, teas, enzymes, or colon irrigation -- has experienced resurgence. Scientific research on colon cleansing is extremely limited. There is no good evidence for most of the claims that its practitioners make. And the side effects can range from mild to severe. You take some supplements used for colon cleansing by mouth. One of the main theories behind colon cleansing is an ancient belief called the theory of autointoxication.


Question: What is the theory behind natural colon cleansing?

Answer: The practice of natural colon cleansing dates back to ancient Greece. This buildup produces toxins, the theory goes, which enter the blood's circulation, poisoning the body. Some people claim these toxins cause a wide range of symptoms, such as: Fatigue Headache Weight gain Low energy On the surface, the idea of toxins being reabsorbed by the body makes some sense. After all, rectal suppositories are used to rapidly administer drugs but the whole theory of autointoxication has been disproven.


Question: How is colon cleansing with irrigation (high colonics) done?

Answer: Others you take through the rectum. After the water is in the colon, the therapist may massage your abdomen. The therapist may repeat the process, and a session may last up to an hour. The practitioner may use a variety of water pressures and temperatures and may or may not combine water with enzymes, herbs, coffee, or probiotics. Probiotics are supplements containing beneficial bacteria.


Question: What are the symptoms of bigeminy?

Answer: Others describe PVCs as their heart working too hard or beating too fast. But you may not notice anything at all. Many people don't know they have bigeminy until the abnormal rhythm shows up on a heart test called an electrocardiogram ( EKG). Many different things can bring on bigeminy. They include: Your family history An infection in your heart, or somewhere else in your body Things that rev up your heart: caffeine, nicotine, drugs like cocaine, and some over-the-counter or herbal medicines Too many or too few electrolytes (minerals like potassium and sodium) in your blood Thyroid disease Some heart conditions can also lead to bigeminy.


Question: What causes bigeminy?

Answer: Many different things can bring on bigeminy. They include: Your family history An infection in your heart, or somewhere else in your body Things that rev up your heart: caffeine, nicotine, drugs like cocaine, and some over-the-counter or herbal medicines Too many or too few electrolytes (minerals like potassium and sodium) in your blood Thyroid disease Some heart conditions can also lead to bigeminy.


Question: What is bigeminy?

Answer: After every routine beat, you have a beat that comes too early, or what's known as a premature ventricular contraction ( PVC). PVCs are common and not always harmful. If you're in good health, you may not even need treatment. But if you have a heart condition, you may need to take medicine to control your bigeminy. Lifestyle changes can also keep this abnormal heart rhythm from getting worse.