Question: What are symptoms of nodular melanomas?

Answer: Nodular melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It's a dangerous form of melanoma that grows quickly. What It looks like: A nodular melanoma can look like a mole, bug bite, or pimple. Often, it looks like a round black bump. But it can be other colors. But usually it appears on the parts of the body that get a lot of sun, such as your: Legs Torso (chest, back, belly) Arms Head What to do: Don't try to pop it. The skin may break open, but there's no pus inside. You'll just cause a wound. If you have a new growth or spot on your skin that doesn't go away in 5 days, see your doctor. You might not notice a nodular melanoma since these cancers don't follow the usual warning signs of melanomas. And it's rare, but about 5% of the time, they don't have an unusual color. They can be pink, tan, or flesh-toned. The melanoma is often solid in color with even borders.


Question: Who gets nodular melanomas?

Answer: Nodular melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It's a dangerous form of melanoma that grows quickly. One main cause is the UV light from the daylight and tanning beds. But it's more common in men than women. The disease is most often found in men ages 50 and older. You're more likely to get the cancer if you have one or more of the following: A family member who has or had skin cancer Pale skin that burns easily More than a few unusual-looking moles A history of spending lots of time in the sun A dermatologist will check your skin.


Question: What causes nodular melanomas?

Answer: Nodular melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It's a dangerous form of melanoma that grows quickly. One main cause is the UV light from the daylight and tanning beds. Their rays can harm the skin's DNA. Although it's less common, they can also develop on parts of your body that aren't exposed to the sun. When the DNA in skin cells become damaged, new cells can grow out of control. This can lead to melanoma. Experts aren't exactly sure what causes this DNA damage and how it brings on cancer. It's probably due to a mix of your genes, lifestyle habits, and UV exposure. Melanomas develop in the cells that give your skin its color. Most of the time, they spread slowly in your skin's top layer. But in nodular melanoma, the cancer grows downward. It can get into tissues, bones, and lymph nodes within weeks or months. That's when the cancer is harder to treat.


Question: What should I know about pleurisy?

Answer: It affects a part of your body you may not have heard of: your pleura. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Your lungs are wrapped in a thin layer of tissue called pleura. They fit snugly within your chest, which is lined with another thin layer of pleura. These layers keep your bare lungs from rubbing up against the wall of your chest cavity every time that you breathe in. There's a bit of fluid within the very narrow space between the two layers of pleura to keep everything moving smoothly. When you're healthy, you never notice your pleura at work. An electrocardiogram of your heart might show that your chest pain is caused by a heart problem, not pleurisy.


Question: Can you get Duane syndrome (DS) during pregnancy?

Answer: It happens when the nerves that control the eye muscles don't grow normally during pregnancy or are missing. This is when a baby's eye nerves and muscles start to develop.


Question: How can you tell if you have  Duane syndrome (DS)?

Answer: Most of the time, only one eye is affected -- usually the left one. There are three types of DS: Type 1: People with this form aren't able to move their affected eye out toward their ear. This is the most common kind of DS. It might happen all the time or just sometimes. Upshoot or downshoot: The affected eye sometimes looks up or down. Some people with DS also have double vision and headaches.


Question: What causes Duane syndrome (DS)?

Answer: Most of the time, only one eye is affected -- usually the left one. But it isn't clear what actually causes DS.


Question: What is grading in prostate cancer?

Answer: The grade refers to the cancer's appearance and indicates how quickly a cancer is growing. Most pathologists assign a grade from 1 to 5 based on how the cancerous cells look compared to normal prostate cells. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered.


Question: What do other test results in prostate cancer mean?

Answer: The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. These results are often reported as "suspicious" and fall into one of two categories, either atypical or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN). PIN is often further divided into low grade and high grade. The significance of low-grade PIN in relation to prostate cancer remains unclear. Many men have it when they are young and never develop prostate cancer. Biopsy results that fall into either atypical or high-grade PIN are suspicious for the presence of prostate cancer in another portion of the gland. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered. For this reason, repeat biopsies are generally recommended.


Question: What medicines can you take for Gaucher disease?

Answer: Most adults and kids with type 1 or type 3 Gaucher disease can get this kind of treatment. Antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and muscle relaxers may also help with pain.


Question: What are the treatments for Gaucher disease?

Answer: There are a lot of ways to ease the symptoms of Gaucher disease. If you or your child has mild symptoms, it's possible you won't need any treatments at all. Most adults and kids with type 1 or type 3 Gaucher disease can get this kind of treatment. It replaces or adds to enzymes that your liver or spleen can't make anymore. If you're an adult with type 1 Gaucher, you can take pills that cut down on fats that can build up in your liver, spleen, or bone marrow.


Question: what are treatments for Gaucher disease if drugs haven't helped?

Answer: Most adults and kids with type 1 or type 3 Gaucher disease can get this kind of treatment. A blood transfusion can boost your red blood cell count so you feel better.


Question: What lifestyle changes may help with Gaucher disease?

Answer: Most adults and kids with type 1 or type 3 Gaucher disease can get this kind of treatment. It may not work well for people who metabolize -- or break down -- the drug too quickly. Both kids and adults with Gaucher should eat a healthy diet with foods rich in vitamin D and calcium to help keep bones strong, and get regular exercise. Vitamin D, calcium, or other supplements may help ease Gaucher symptoms too. Your doctor may recommend them if he thinks you're not getting enough in your diet.


Question: What should you do in the last days or hours of death of your loved one?

Answer: It may upset them and make them argue and fight with you. When death is within days or hours, your loved one may: Not want food or drink Stop peeing and having bowel movements Grimace, groan, or scowl from pain You may notice their: Eyes tear or glaze over Pulse and heartbeat are irregular or hard to feel or hear Body temperature drops Skin on their knees, feet, and hands turns a mottled bluish-purple (often in the last 24 hours) Breathing is interrupted by gasping and slows until it stops entirely If they're not already unconscious, your loved one may drift in and out. Stay with them. Sometimes medication helps. The room should be well lit, but not bright. Make it as quiet and peaceful as possible. Constantly assure them that you're there. Ironically, a loved one may also become clear-headed in their final hours.


Question: If you have diverticulitis, when should you call your doctor?

Answer: The symptoms of diverticulitis are: Severe abdominal pain and cramping that is usually worse on the left side and increases when the area is touched Nausea Chills or fever Bloating Constipation, thin stools, or diarrhea Rectal bleeding (rare) You have a fever, chills, abdominal swelling, or are vomiting. You have blood in your stool. Your abdomen becomes rigid and you experience pain when you move; you could have peritonitis, an infection of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. If you continue to have severe pain, despite treatment, you may need further evaluation. Call your doctor.


Question: How do you treat a black eye?

Answer: For pain, give acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Don't give aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), because they can increase bleeding. There is drainage or bleeding on the white part of the eye or drainage from the eye. After 1 or 2 days, apply warm compresses to the bruised area instead.


Question: How is breast cancer detected and diagnosed?

Answer: The chances of developing the disease increase with age. Many breast cancer experts, including the American Cancer Society, recommend beginning routine screening for breast cancer with a mammogram at age 45. Others suggest waiting till age 50. Your doctor may recommend starting earlier than age 45, depending on your individual risk factors. The purpose of a mammogram is to find abnormalities that are too small to be seen or felt. However, mammograms will not detect all breast cancers, which is why physical breast exams are very important.


Question: How can psychiatric evaluation help in the diagnosis of dementia?

Answer: There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. Psychiatric evaluation: Your doctor will ask questions about your mood and sense of well-being to see if depression or another mental health condition might be causing symptoms of dementia. She'll also probably ask about any behaviors that are causing concern: When do they happen, and how long do they last? And she'll talk with you about your relationships with your spouse, children, or friends.


Question: How can neurological tests help in the diagnosis of dementia?

Answer: There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. Neurological tests: Your doctor will test your balance, reflexes, eye movements, and see how well your sense work. To do this, she might ask you to push or pull her hands using your arms or to stand with your eyes closed and touch your nose. To check your reflexes, your doctor may tap a small rubber hammer against parts of your body and watch how you respond.


Question: Why do my breasts hurt?

Answer: It can be troubling, too -- it's very common to wonder if what you're feeling might be a sign of breast cancer. Doctors call breast pain âmastalgia.â It's important to track the cause of it. But know that pain in either or both of your breasts in itself isn't a sign of breast cancer. Breast tenderness and other discomfort can happen for lots of different reasons. Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts.


Question: How can you tell if you have support issues relative to breast pain?

Answer: Fibrous tissue (breast tissue that's scar-like or ropey) and cysts (fluid-filled sacs) form in your breasts. Certain prescription meds, as well as hormone medications, can cause breast pain. Reduction surgery can help, but it, too, can cause pain if tissue is damaged during the operation. A supportive, sturdy bra can help keep your breasts in place. Wearing a sports bra to bed and when exercising can also help.


Question: What hormone levels trigger breast pain?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure what triggers breast pain. It can happen at different times in your reproductive life, such as during: Puberty Your monthly period or when you have premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Pregnancy, usually in the first trimester Breastfeeding. Sometimes a blocked milk duct can get infected, a painful condition called mastitis. It needs to be treated immediately, usually with antibiotics. Menopause This is likely linked to hormones, as well. If there's an imbalance of them in your cells, your breasts can be more sensitive to hormones.


Question: What questions should I ask before taking vitamins and supplements?

Answer: Do I need it for a medical condition or to prevent disease? When and for how long do I need it? Should I take it as a pill, powder, or liquid? Which form of the vitamin (vitamin D2 or D3, for instance) is the best? Are there any side effects? What are the best brands of this supplement in terms of quality, safety, and how well they work? Can I take it along with my other medications? Should I avoid any foods? Will I need to stop taking it if I have to have surgery? The one you choose depends on how they work in your body and how you prefer to take them. Always talk with your doctor before you add any to your diet.


Question: What are tips for storing vitamins and supplements?

Answer: They also can keep some medications from working as well as they should. Avoid bathrooms and other damp spots. Make sure you keep them on a high shelf or in a locked cabinet, out of children's reach. Some vitamins and supplements wear out when they sit on the shelf for too long. Do a regular check of your stash and throw out any that are past their expiration date.


Question: What are some tips for buying vitamins and supplements?

Answer: When you're ready to purchase supplements, keep these tips in mind: Look for evidence about how well the product works in scientific studies from credible publications. Choose brands labeled with the NSF International, US Pharmacopeia, Underwriters Laboratory, or Consumer Lab seal. These verify that the product actually contains the ingredients that the label says it does, and that the product doesn't have any potentially harmful ingredients. Be wary of supplements made outside the United States. Many aren't regulated, and some may have toxic ingredients.


Question: Which vitamin form should I choose?

Answer: Will I need to stop taking it if I have to have surgery? Vitamins and supplements come in many forms, like pills, liquids, or powders. The one you choose depends on how they work in your body and how you prefer to take them. For example, some only work in a dry extract form, such as a capsule or pill. Others work faster and are more effective as a liquid. Also, there are several types of vitamin E. When in doubt, talk with your doctor about which supplement suits your needs.


Question: Who should avoid supplements and vitamins?

Answer: They also can keep some medications from working as well as they should. Always talk with your doctor before you add any to your diet. People who should avoid certain types include: Pregnant or breastfeeding women, because some supplements can be dangerous to the baby. People who are going to have surgery, because some products may lead to bleeding and other dangerous complications. People who've had cancer or are getting treated for it. Some supplements could help cancer cells grow or make treatments for the disease less effective.


Question: What is progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery. Most people have this type when they're first diagnosed with MS. Secondary-progressive MS: People who get this type usually start with relapsing-remitting MS. Over time, symptoms stop coming and going and begin getting steadily worse.


Question: Are the symptoms for multiple sclerosis different for everyone?

Answer: The symptoms it causes and when they flare up vary not only between people but also throughout one person's life. This means it can be hard for doctors to diagnose someone with the condition. They might say you "probably" or "possibly" have MS. The way the disease changes and gets worse is different for each of the three types of MS: Relapsing-remitting MS: People with this type have attacks when their symptoms get worse, called relapses, followed by full, partial, or no recovery.


Question: What are some signs of dehydration from cancer treatment?

Answer: You can get dehydrated and never feel thirsty. Here are some other things to look for: Dry mouth, tongue, or lips Dizziness Feeling weak or tired Nausea Constipation Dry skin Swollen, dry, cracked tongue Fast weight loss Headache Dark yellow urine or less urine Irritability Dehydration can be serious if you don't get it under control.


Question: What are some other ways to stay hydrated during cancer treatments?

Answer: When there isn't enough water in your system, it can't work the way it should. Fluid has many jobs in your body. Some health experts suggest at least 8 glasses of liquid a day, even more if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Foods count, too. Soups, frozen pops, gelatins, fruits, and vegetables all have liquids. Choose foods with high water content, like watermelon, lettuce, and broccoli. Suck on ice chips. If you can't stomach the idea of drinking or eating, try ice chips. A few at a time will give you a little liquid. It takes a lot to add up to a glass of water, but every little bit helps. Log how many ounces you drink, and record how many times you throw up or have diarrhea. This will help if you have to call your doctor about symptoms.


Question: What's recovery like from a lobectomy?

Answer: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.


Question: What is a lobectomy?

Answer: Your lungs are made up of five sections called lobes. A lobectomy removes one of these lobes. After the surgery, your healthy tissue makes up for the missing section, so your lungs should work as well or better than they did before. A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital.


Question: Who should get intrathecal Baclofen?

Answer: You need only tiny doses for the drug to work. Before you get ITB, you will meet with a treatment team that may include a doctor who specializes in rehabilitation (a physiatrist or neurologist), a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a nurse, and a social worker. All of these professionals work together to check your spasticity symptoms and to set a treatment plan that fits your personal needs. Many doctors who specialize in pain management, called anesthesiologists, also manage ITB pumps. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted.


Question: Who should get an intrathecal baclofen for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You need only tiny doses for the drug to work. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted.


Question: What is the intrathecal baclofen pump system for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This part of your body is filled with the fluid that surrounds your spinal cord and nerve roots. A surgeon puts the device -- a round metal disc, about 1 inch thick and 3 inches around -- under the skin of your belly near your waistline. The pump stores and releases the right amount of medicine through the catheter. A tiny motor moves the medication from the pump through the catheter. Your treatment team can use a small computer outside your body to send messages to the pump and make adjustments in the dose, rate, and timing of the medication. You can also turn the system off when you don't need it.


Question: What happens in open-heart surgery for aortic valve replacement?

Answer: Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. It's usually recommended for people if open-heart surgery is too risky. You'll get tired easily.


Question: What are the best exercises for constipation?

Answer: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. A regular walking plan -- even 10 to 15 minutes several times a day -- can help the body and digestive system work at their best. If you are already fit, you might choose aerobic exercise: running, jogging, swimming, or swing dancing, for example. All of these exercises can help keep the digestive tract healthy. Stretching may also help ease constipation, and yoga may, too.


Question: How can exercise help with constipation?

Answer: Exercise helps constipation by lowering the time it takes food to move through the large intestine. Plus, aerobic exercise speeds up your breathing and heart rate. This helps to stimulate the natural squeezing (or contractions) of muscles in your intestines. Intestinal muscles that squeeze better will help move stools out quickly.


Question: Why do people take ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?

Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is sometimes prescribed by doctors to clean toxic metals, such as lead, from the blood. In those cases it is given through an IV. EDTA is also an ingredient in some prescription cancer-fighting medicines.


Question: Does ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) work?

Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. There is no scientific evidence to support this. Preliminary studies show that intravenous EDTA therapy under physician supervision may help patients who have had a heart attack, particularly if they have diabetes. However, more study is needed to prove this. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.


Question: Which foods contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?

Answer: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is a chemical that is added to certain foods and beverages to help them keep their color and flavor. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.


Question: Which nonstimulant drugs are able to be taken in combination with stimulant drugs for ADHD?

Answer: ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA. Studies show that when taken with a stimulant, they can help the treatment work better.


Question: Does bupropion (Wellbutrin) help children with ADHD?

Answer: These medications can improve concentration and impulse control. In its extended-release form, this drug can be used for children with ADHD and mood or anxiety issues.


Question: What children should not take stimulant drugs for ADHD?

Answer: Make sure the doctor knows his complete medical and family history before he prescribes him anything. Children who already take a MAO inhibitor antidepressant shouldn't take these medications.


Question: Can stress lead to canker sores?

Answer: Experts aren't sure what causes them. It could be a problem with your immune system, your body's defense against germs. Or they might be due to bacteria or viruses. Stress likely raises your chances of getting them. These are also called fever blisters and are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They're filled with fluid and often show up on or around your lips.


Question: Do experts agree of the effects of ADHD medications on a child's growth?

Answer: One of the most talked about -- and controversial -- effects of these medications is on children's growth. Some researchers have suggested that it's not the drugs, but the ADHD itself that affects children's growth. The early studies on ADHD medications and children's growth lasted only a few months, making it difficult to determine whether the growth lag would be permanent.


Question: How can ADHD medications affect your child?

Answer: One of the most talked about -- and controversial -- effects of these medications is on children's growth. After a few studies found that kids taking ADHD medications don't grow as tall as their peers, many parents began to worry that the same drugs that were helping their kids focus were also stunting their growth. It's natural to worry about your child's size. But before you switch or stop ADHD medications, it's important for you to know what the research has shown about the effects of these medications on children's growth. One study showed that children with ADHD who aren't taking stimulant drugs are actually bigger than kids without ADHD. Researchers first made the connection between ADHD drugs and children's growth back in the early 1970s.


Question: How do I know if ADHD medication is affecting my child's growth and what should I do?

Answer: Researchers have a few theories about how ADHD drugs might affect a child's size. If your child is taking ADHD medication and is benefiting from the drugs, the improvement in behavior may outweigh any short-term effects on growth. That's something you need to discuss with your pediatrician or psychiatrist.


Question: What should parents do to lessen the effects of ADHD medications on child growth?

Answer: Researchers have a few theories about how ADHD drugs might affect a child's size. If your child is taking ADHD medication and is benefiting from the drugs, the improvement in behavior may outweigh any short-term effects on growth. That's something you need to discuss with your pediatrician or psychiatrist. While your child is taking ADHD medications, the doctor should keep careful track of his or her growth. You might need to adjust your child's diet, adding more energy-dense, nutritious foods and snacks to balance out any weight loss that's occurring. In severe cases, medications that increase the appetite may be used for a short period of time.


Question: How does ADHD medication affect children's growth?

Answer: Stimulant medications are one of the main treatments for children with ADHD. After a few studies found that kids taking ADHD medications don't grow as tall as their peers, many parents began to worry that the same drugs that were helping their kids focus were also stunting their growth. It's natural to worry about your child's size. Another theory is that ADHD medicine targets metabolic or growth factors that could affect a child's growth.


Question: What is xanthan gum?

Answer: It has different effects in these products: It can add thickness, keep textures from changing, and hold ingredients in place. These include: Tablets that slowly break down in the body Liquid drops for the eyes Xanthan gum is produced by fermenting a carbohydrate (a substance that contains sugar) with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, then processing it. Research on the health effects of xanthan gum is limited. When baking, some people who avoid gluten mix xanthan gum with gluten-free flour to achieve the same effects. Some people who have trouble swallowing add a product called Simply Thick -- which contains xanthan gum -- to foods and drinks to make them easier to swallow. Xanthan gum is a food additive. Some supermarkets also carry xanthan gum alongside other ingredients for baking or in the natural foods area.


Question: Do biologics work best if you take them on a regular schedule?

Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. If it happens to you, tell your doctor.


Question: Why do some biologics work for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and others don't?

Answer: But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. He'll probably switch you to another biologic or add another type of RA drug, like methotrexate or sulfasalazine, so your treatment works better. Some people get more help from biologics than others. Experts can't predict who'll respond well and who won't. But they know that people who get treatment in the earlier stages of RA tend to do better than those who've had the disease for many years. Biologics also work best if you take them on a regular schedule. If you can't do that due to side effects or the cost of the drugs, ask your doctor about your options.


Question: What questions might my pediatrician ask during my child's 15-month checkup?

Answer: Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! How's your child's appetite? Is she eating a variety of foods? Does she use her fingers to feed herself? Is she using a bottle? How many hours is your child sleeping, including naps?


Question: What should I expect from my baby's 15-month checkup?

Answer: Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! By now, she may be walking, throwing, exploring everything, and expressing feelings -- including anger. This is a good time to talk to your pediatrician about safety, behavior, and discipline. Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Give your child another dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis ( DTa P) vaccine, Hib vaccine, or pneumococcal vaccine, and in the fall or winter, a flu shot Depending on the schedule being followed, the measles and chicken pox vaccines may also be given at this time Catch up on any other vaccines that have been missed As your child starts going on outings or to daycare, she will be exposed to many illnesses.


Question: What are some healthy feeding tips for my 15-month-old child?

Answer: Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! How can I encourage my child to try different foods? Keep offering new foods. If your child doesn't like a food one week, she may love it the next. It takes many times for a child to like some foods, so don't give up! Small children like to imitate their parents. If your child sees you eating a variety of foods, she may do the same. Stick to mostly unprocessed foods such as fruits and vegetables. These provide great nutrition for your baby's growing brain and body. Whole grains are also a good source of nutrition. Keep cutting your child's food into small pieces, staying mindful of potential choking hazards.


Question: How many treats should I give my pet?

Answer: Many pet owners give these little extras as rewards -- or to show their love for their dogs or cats -- without thinking about the number of calories that are in each handout. Snacks like these may be one reason why more than half of pets in the U. S. weigh too much. If you want to be smart about giving your dog or cat treats, follow some guidelines to avoid adding too many calories to his diet. Giving no treats is fine, too.


Question: How often should I give my pet treats?

Answer: Many pet owners give these little extras as rewards -- or to show their love for their dogs or cats -- without thinking about the number of calories that are in each handout. There’s no rule about how often you can dole them out, as long as you limit treats to 10% of their daily calories. Some owners choose to give one large biscuit each day. Others give a handful of kibble (perhaps 20 or 30 pieces) over the course of the day, one or two pieces at a time. Giving no treats is fine, too. Remember that cats and dogs do well with other rewards and signs of affection, like extra playtime with you or words of praise.


Question: What treats should my pet not eat?

Answer: Keep bites from the table as small as your pinky fingernail so the food doesn’t have too many calories per mouthful. But dogs and cats should never eat: Chocolate Onions Garlic Raisins Grapes


Question: Is it important to prepare for diabetic emergencies?

Answer: You'll also know you're prepared in case of diabetes emergencies. You need to keep glucagon with you at all times.


Question: Should I keep glucagon with me at all times if I have diabetes?

Answer: You need to keep glucagon with you at all times. Glucagon expires in about a year. Keep track of the date so you can ask your doctor for a new prescription before it expires. Make sure that the people you're around the most know where you keep your glucagon and how to use it in case you pass out. If you use an insulin pump, keep these supplies handy: Rapid or fast-acting insulin Infusion sets Reservoirs to hold the insulin Extra batteries An emergency supply of syringes or insulin pens in the unlikely, but possible, event that the pump stops working If you use an insulin pump, it's always good to have extra infusion sets on hand, because you need a new one every few days.


Question: What is in a glucose monitoring kit?

Answer: Many kits include: Glucose testing strips A monitor, which usually gives readouts within 5 seconds A carrying case for the meter and, if you take insulin, your insulin, pens, needles, and alcohol swabs Lancets and lancing devices Liquid kits, to make sure your meter readings are correct Some kits include other items, like a clear cap for testing on different parts of your body. All monitors have a memory feature that keeps track of your past glucose readings. Some will compute your daily average blood sugar. If they are still low, take another 3-4 glucose tablets or a serving of glucose gel. Some of the newer home blood-sugar meters can also measure ketone levels in the blood.


Question: Where can I find resources for caregivers for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Looking for more information on multiple sclerosis? Family Caregiver Alliance (800) 445-8106 www.caregiver.org Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (954) 776-6805 https://msfocus.org National MS Society (800) 344-4867 www.nationalmssociety.org National Caregivers Library www.caregiverslibrary.org National Alliance for Caregiving (301) 718-8444www.caregiving.org Caregiver Action Network (202) 454-3970www.caregiveraction.org Eldercare Locator (800) 677-1116www.eldercare.gov


Question: What plays a role in susceptibility for Graves' disease?

Answer: But in Graves' disease, a malfunction in the body's immune system releases abnormal antibodies that mimic TSH. Heredity and other characteristics seem to play a role in determining susceptibility. Studies show, for example, that if one identical twin contracts Graves' disease, there is a 20% likelihood that the other twin will get it, too. Also, women are more likely than men to develop the disease. And smokers who develop Graves' disease are more prone to eye problems than nonsmokers with the disease. No single gene causes Graves' disease. It is thought to be triggered by both genetics and environmental factors.


Question: What are questions for your doctor regarding heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: Your doctor will also do an exam to look for: Bumps in your knees, elbows, and knuckles Swelling in the back of your ankles Yellow growths on your eyelids White half-circles around the colored part of your eye Which medicines are best for me? Do the medications have side effects? How often should I see you? Do I need to see any other specialists? Which ones? Which foods should I avoid? How much exercise should I do and what types are best? Lose extra weight.


Question: What can you expect after surgery for a hole in your nasal septum?

Answer: If you find out you have a hole in your septum, you may not need to do anything about it. Your doctor will give you a list of important things to avoid as you recover, such as: decongestant nasal sprays and pills medication containing caffeine smoking and smoke-filled rooms Follow all your doctor's advice to prevent the hole from opening up again. This sometimes happens, especially with large holes, but you can have another surgery to repair it.


Question: What do you have to do if you have a hole in your septum?

Answer: But if you get symptoms that bother you, surgery could be an option. If the hole in your septum is really bothering you, you may need surgery.


Question: How can salicylic acid treat acne?

Answer: On the skin, salicylic acid helps to correct the abnormal shedding of cells. It must be used continuously, just like benzoyl peroxide, because its effects stop when you stop using it -- pores clog up again and the acne returns.


Question: Can over-the-counter acne products cause serious allergic reactions?

Answer: These substances are combined in some over-the-counter acne drugs. Seek emergency medical attention if you have symptoms such as throat tightness, difficulty breathing, feeling faint, or swelling of the face or tongue. Also stop using the product if you develop hives or itching.


Question: What causes encopresis?

Answer: Rarely, encopresis is caused by an anatomic abnormality or disease that the child is born with. In the great majority of cases, encopresis develops as a result of chronic (long-standing) constipation. However, each person has his or her own schedule for bowel movements, and many healthy people do not have a bowel movement every day. A constipated child might pass a bowel movement every third day or less often. Constipation implies not only infrequent bowel movements, but also having difficulty or experiencing pain when doing so.


Question: What are other treatments for encopresis?

Answer: Most cases of encopresis respond to the treatment regimen outlined above. It is used rarely and under close supervision in children. For encopresis, fiber supplements and certain foods, such as fruit juices and prunes, can have a laxative effect. These foods and juices function as osmotic laxatives. They all contain various sugars that are not efficiently absorbed by the intestinal lining, thus increasing the amount of water in the colon. Given in large enough doses, all of these foods and juices are very effective laxatives. The best way to prevent encopresis is to prevent constipation in the first place.


Question: What is the final step in treating encopresis?

Answer: Over time, the child with encopresis may also develop incoordination of the muscles used to pass bowel movements. This step is just as critical as the first two steps and must not be abandoned just because the soiling has improved after the previous steps.


Question: What is encopresis?

Answer: This stool or fecal soiling usually has a physical origin and is involuntary -- the child doesn't do it on purpose. However, each person has his or her own schedule for bowel movements, and many healthy people do not have a bowel movement every day. More than 80% of children with encopresis have experienced constipation or painful defecation in the past.


Question: How are severe cases of encopresis treated?

Answer: Eventually, looser, partly formed stool from higher up in the intestine leaks around the large collection of harder, more formed stool at the bottom of the colon (rectum) and then leaks out of the anus (the opening from the rectum to the outside of the body). Evacuation can be accomplished in the following ways: Give an enema or series of enemas: An enema pushes fluid into the rectum.


Question: What are concerns about using laxatives for encopresis?

Answer: Laxatives do not stop working if they are used every day for a long time. Osmotic laxatives: These laxatives contain agents that are not efficiently absorbed by the intestinal lining. Since all osmotic laxatives work by increasing the amount of water in the colon, it is important that your child drinks lots of fluid while taking any of these laxatives.


Question: What is the best way to prevent encopresis?

Answer: Drinking plenty of fluid helps keep stools soft and may help prevent constipation in the first place. Make sure the child gets a varied diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables and whole grain breads and cereals. The child should drink water and other fluids frequently and be physically active every day. Finally, make sure the child has a regular time every day when he or she sits on the toilet. After a meal is the best time for this.


Question: How does encopresis develop?

Answer: This âholding inâ becomes a habit that often remains long after the constipation or pain with passing bowel movements has resolved. As more and more stool collects in the child's lower intestine (colon), the colon slowly stretches (sometimes called megacolon). Over time, the child with encopresis may also develop incoordination of the muscles used to pass bowel movements. In most cases, this is not the case. Children with encopresis rarely need surgery.


Question: Who is more likely to be affected by encopresis?

Answer: Many more boys than girls experience encopresis; approximately 80% of affected children are boys. Generally, it takes longer in younger children than in older children.


Question: Should I tell my sex partners about my psoriasis?

Answer: Psoriasis can change the way you feel about your body, especially with a romantic partner. Since psoriasis around your groin and genitals can look like an STD, you may need to reassure your partner that it isn't an infection. Tell them what feels good and what doesn't. If you're having a flare or sex is too painful, be honest. Sex is only one part of intimacy. Explore other ways of touching and being together instead.


Question: How can using lubricants help your sex life when you have psoriasis?

Answer: Sex is only one part of intimacy. Bonus: That could make the sex even better the next time around. They can even trigger flares. Or make your own lube with coconut oil. It keeps skin moist and may calm burning and itching. A lubricated condom cuts down on irritation, too. Look for non-latex ones; some treatments for genital psoriasis can cause latex condoms to leak or break.


Question: When is light therapy used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Even regular doses of sunlight -- not enough to produce sunburn -- can help psoriasis lesions in many people. For persistent, difficult-to-treat cases of psoriasis, many doctors recommend light therapy. PUVA (the drug psoralen combined with ultraviolet A, or UVA, light). However, this form of therapy is used far less often today, because it has been shown to increase the risk of developing skin cancer -- even decades after stopping this therapy. Ultraviolet B light ( UVB) light. This more targeted ultraviolet light treatment is less likely to cause cancer than PUVA and is almost as effective.


Question: When are oral drugs used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: This is one of the most effective treatments. When other treatments fail, some doctors prescribe oral or injectable drugs to treat psoriasis. Some of these medications affect the immune system. Methotrexate. However, it can cause side effects, so your doctor will have you come in for regular blood tests.


Question: How can diet help treat psoriasis?

Answer: However, this form of therapy is used far less often today, because it has been shown to increase the risk of developing skin cancer -- even decades after stopping this therapy. If you are considering natural remedies for psoriasis, here's what you should know about some of the more commonly used remedies: Dead Sea salts. It's important to wash your hands immediately after rubbing in capsaicin and not touch your eyes or mouth while you have capsaicin on your hands. Diet.


Question: What oral drugs are used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: This is one of the most effective treatments. When other treatments fail, some doctors prescribe oral or injectable drugs to treat psoriasis. Some of these medications affect the immune system. Methotrexate. However, it can cause side effects, so your doctor will have you come in for regular blood tests.


Question: How is diet used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: However, this form of therapy is used far less often today, because it has been shown to increase the risk of developing skin cancer -- even decades after stopping this therapy. If you are considering natural remedies for psoriasis, here's what you should know about some of the more commonly used remedies: Dead Sea salts. It's important to wash your hands immediately after rubbing in capsaicin and not touch your eyes or mouth while you have capsaicin on your hands. Diet.


Question: How is Cayenne pepper used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: People have also found that creams which have capsaicin in them can also soothe the itch and some of the stinging from psoriasis plaques. In one study, applying capsaicin cream to the skin relieved itching and skin lesions in people with psoriasis. Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation to the skin, which improves the longer you use it.


Question: How are winter allergies diagnosed?

Answer: A cold usually doesn't last for more than 10 days. Allergies can linger for weeks or even months. He may refer you to an allergist, who will ask you about your health history and symptoms. The allergist may do a skin test where he scratches your skin with a tiny bit of an allergen or injects it just under your skin. If the area turns red and itchy, you're allergic. There's also a blood test to diagnose some allergies.


Question: What are treatments for winter allergies?

Answer: Some common indoor allergy triggers are: Dust mites . Treatments for winter allergies include: Antihistamines , which reduce sneezing, sniffling, and itching Decongestants , which clear mucus to relieve congestion and swelling Immunotherapy (allergy shots or under-the-tongue tablets), which expose your body to gradually bigger doses of the allergen. This approach can curb your symptoms for a longer period of time than allergy drugs.


Question: What is winter allergies?

Answer: But if you have indoor allergies such as mold and dust mites, you may notice your allergy symptoms more during winter, when you spend more time inside. But if you know you're allergic, you can take steps to avoid a reaction.


Question: What are things to do during  holidays to prevent winter allergies?

Answer: Some common indoor allergy triggers are: Dust mites . Live ones can have chemicals and mold on them. Wash dust off of ornaments before you hang them. Buy glass or plastic ornaments rather than fabric, which can collect more dust. If you have a pet allergy and you'll be visiting people who have cats or dogs, take your allergy medication with you and keep up with your immunotherapy before you go. Bring your own pillow with you, too.


Question: What are some ways to find emotional balance if you're a woman over 50 and you have chronic stress?

Answer: Find things to be passionate about. Find a hobby. Be creative! Get enough rest and sleep. When you're under stress, your body needs time to recover. Give it the rest it needs. Eat healthy, balanced meals. Your body needs good nutrition to fight the effects of stress. Also, don't rely on alcohol to quiet your anxiety. Make a little time, try a few of these tips -- and reduce stress.


Question: What is chronic stress in women over 50?

Answer: For women over 50, the effects of chronic stress are compounded. Your body isn't as resilient as it once was, so it needs better maintenance -- a healthier lifestyle -- to repair itself. The keys to less stress and greater happiness? They're positive action, good health, good relationships, and a sense of optimism.


Question: When should you not use beta-blockers for heart disease?

Answer: Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Esmolol ( Brevibloc) Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol- XL) Propranolol ( Inderal) Doctors often prescribe beta-blockers for these heart conditions: Heart failure High blood pressure Angina Abnormal heart rhythms Heart attack Beta-blockers can also treat: Glaucoma Migraine headaches Anxiety Certain types of tremors Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) If you have asthma or COPD, your doctor may not prescribe a beta-blocker because it may make your breathing symptoms worse. If you have heart failure and severe lung congestion, your doctor will treat your congestion before prescribing a beta-blocker. You shouldn't take beta-blockers if you have low blood pressure or a slow pulse, because bringing down your heart rate more can cause dizziness and lightheadedness.


Question: Do you need to see a doctor to remove a foreign object from your rectum?

Answer: Most laxatives are too slow in onset to be effective. The sooner an object in the rectum is removed the better. This is done to be sure there has not been any damage to the lining of the bowel, either from the initial insertion of the object or from attempts to remove it. Most people who receive treatment for an object in their rectum and will not have any long-term complications or problems.


Question: What's the treatment for a foreign object in your rectum?

Answer: The sooner an object in the rectum is removed the better. Sometimes the doctor will pass a tube between the object and the wall of the rectum to try to equalize the pressure as the object is removed. This is uncomfortable, and you will be sedated for this procedure. If the object is far into the rectum, its removal may need to be done in an operating room where you'll receive a general anesthetic. If there are signs of infection in the abdomen, a hole in the bowel, or heavy bleeding from the anus, you may need emergency surgery.


Question: What happens after a doctor removes a foreign object from your rectum?

Answer: After the object has been removed, the doctor will perform an examination called a sigmoidoscopy, using a long, narrow tube (about 16-18 inches long and a little less than an inch wide) to look inside the anus and rectum. This is done to be sure there has not been any damage to the lining of the bowel, either from the initial insertion of the object or from attempts to remove it. Return to the doctor's office or emergency department if you develop any of these complications: Abdominal pain Vomiting Fever Rectal bleeding There should be no limitations on general activity, unless you were sedated in order to remove the object.


Question: What are symptoms of rectal foreign body?

Answer: The symptoms most likely to be found include: Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Fever Rectal bleeding If an object has caused acomplication such as peritonitis -- inflammation of the abdominal wall -- you will have a very tender abdomen. A small number of people will have significant injury. This is seen particularly in cases where the diagnosis is difficult -- in the very young and in psychiatric patients -- or where the person has delayed seeking treatment.


Question: Should I go to the doctor if I find a lump on my neck?

Answer: If you have discovered a lump on your own, you should get your doctor to check it. And if it is, the sooner you find out and start treatment, the better.


Question: What should you do if you think you might have thyroid cancer?

Answer: If you have discovered a lump on your own, you should get your doctor to check it. And if it is, the sooner you find out and start treatment, the better.


Question: How often does GERD occur in children?

Answer: Heartburn in infants and young children is usually a sign of gastroesophageal reflux (also called GER or acid reflux). The baby's spit-up is stronger, often repetitive, and babies may also experience the discomfort of heartburn. This can be seen with fussiness during feeding. In very young children, the cause of heartburn is usually an immature digestive tract.


Question: What usually causes heartburn in children?

Answer: Heartburn in infants and young children is usually a sign of gastroesophageal reflux (also called GER or acid reflux). In older children, risks include being overweight, exposure to secondhand smoke, and eating certain types of foods (for example, spicy foods). Children with neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy, are also at greater risk.


Question: What tests might a child get for GERD?

Answer: The doctor will examine your child and ask about symptoms. Tests for heartburn caused by GERD include: Upper GI (gastrointestinal) series. Endoscopy. Esophageal p H probe. The doctor inserts a thin flexible tube through the child's nose and into the esophagus to test acid levels in the esophagus. Gastric emptying study. After your child drinks milk that contains a special radioactive material, the doctor uses a camera to watch the substance move through the digestive tract.


Question: Can my child be in charge of their own ADHD medication?

Answer: Every child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) should be involved in his own treatment plan. Many ADHD experts think it's best for you, not your child, to dispense pills each day as long as he's living with you.


Question: What should I tell my child regarding his ADHD medication before going to college?

Answer: Kids who feel involved are more likely to take their medication as prescribed. They may also be more aware of their symptoms. That can make it harder to study or do tasks that require concentration. It can even increase the odds he'll engage in risky behavior. If he thinks he doesn't need as much medication, or is ready to go off it altogether, he should talk to his doctor before making any changes.


Question: How does talking to the doctor combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of cancer and its treatment. Other times, there may be medical interventions to assist in controlling some of the causes of fatigue.


Question: How does a tumor-induced hypermetabolic state cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: In addition to fatigue, weight loss and decreased appetite are common effects of this condition. Hemoglobin is a substance in the red blood cells that enables the blood to transport oxygen through the body.


Question: How do pain and stress cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: When the blood can't transport enough oxygen to the body, fatigue can result. Research shows that chronic, severe pain increases fatigue.


Question: How does fatigue affect cancer patients?

Answer: It can be acute (lasting a month or less) or chronic (lasting from one month to six months or longer). Fatigue can prevent a person from functioning normally and impacts a person's quality of life. Fatigue warning signs may include tired eyes, tired legs, whole-body tiredness, stiff shoulders, decreased energy or a lack of energy, inability to concentrate, weakness or malaise, boredom or lack of motivation, sleepiness, increased irritability, nervousness, anxiety, or impatience.


Question: How does stress management combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Stress. The following are some suggestions to manage stress: Adjust your expectations. For example, if you have a list of ten things you want to accomplish today, pare it down to two and leave the rest for other days. A sense of accomplishment goes a long way to reducing stress. Help others understand and support you. Family and friends can be helpful if they can "put themselves in your shoes" and understand what fatigue means to you. Cancer support groups can be a source of support as well. Other people with cancer understand what you are going through. Relaxation techniques, such as audiotapes that teach deep breathing or visualization, can help reduce stress. Activities that divert your attention away from fatigue can also be helpful. For example, activities such as knitting, reading, or listening to music require little physical energy but require attention. If your stress seems out of control, talk to a health care professional. They are here to help.


Question: How does tiredness affect cancer patients?

Answer: Usually, you know why you are tired and a good night's sleep solves the problem. More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue.


Question: How does biologic therapy cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: These cytokines carry messages that regulate other elements of the immune and endocrine systems. In high amounts, these cytokines can be toxic and lead to persistent fatigue. Hemoglobin is a substance in the red blood cells that enables the blood to transport oxygen through the body.


Question: What can someone do to combat their fatigue?

Answer: The exact reason is unknown. Hypothyroidism. The best way to combat fatigue is to treat the underlying medical cause. The following are tips you can use to combat fatigue. Other times, there may be medical interventions to assist in controlling some of the causes of fatigue.


Question: How does identifying your environment combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Eliminate smoke or harmful fumes. Avoid long, hot showers or baths. Finally, there may be suggestions that are more specific to your situation that would help in combating your fatigue.


Question: How does drinking plenty of fluids combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: person needs 75 to 90 grams of protein per day; active people need 1-1.5 grams of protein per pound of body weight. The best sources of protein include foods from the dairy group (8 oz. Of course, water is fine, too. Beverages containing caffeine do NOT count. Keep in mind that you'll need more fluids if you have treatment side effects such as vomiting or diarrhea. In warm climates, 96 ounces of fluids should be the minimum daily intake. A dietitian can also suggest ways to maximize calories and include proteins in smaller amounts of food (such as powdered milk, instant breakfast drinks, other commercial supplements, or food additives).


Question: Why do people take conjugated linoleic acid?

Answer: It's also an antioxidant that may have other health benefits. It may help people feel fuller after eating. For now, if you're looking to lose weight, there's not enough evidence to show that taking CLA will help. CLA does seem to lower bad LDL cholesterol. People take CLA supplements for other reasons, ranging from dry skin to multiple sclerosis ( MS).


Question: What is conjugated linoleic acid?

Answer: CLA is an essential fatty acid that's important for good health. We get small amounts of it from the food we eat. There's no standard dose for CLA.


Question: What problems can taking conjugated linoleic acid cause?

Answer: CLA supplements may cause upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. CLA supplements may worsen insulin resistance, or how your body absorbs sugar, in people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. It may lower HDL, or good cholesterol. Some research has also documented an increase in inflammation with the use of CLA supplements.


Question: How can I clean and protect a puncture wound, and whatâs the follow-up for treatment?

Answer: The object that caused the puncture wound cannot be easily removed The puncture wound is deep, on the face, or touching bone The wound is visibly dirty The wound is an animal or human bite The wound occurred through the bottom of a shoe -- stepping on a nail, for example If the object that caused the puncture is small and you can easily remove it, do so. Rinse the wound under clean water for several minutes. Then wash the area with mild soap and water and rinse again. Apply an antibiotic cream. See a healthcare provider for any signs of infection: redness, increasing pain, swelling, or pus at the site. Ask the health care provider if a tetanus shot is needed.


Question: How can I prevent colds if I have a weakened immune system?

Answer: Your little one is at higher risk for colds and other infections for the first 4 to 6 weeks. That's the case if you have AIDS, get chemotherapy, or just had an organ transplant. Make sure everyone in your family is up to date with their vaccines. Your visitors may need to wear gloves and masks so they don't spread their germs to you. And like anyone who wants to keep germs at bay, try to have a nutritious diet and get enough rest.


Question: Why do demyelinating disorders occur?

Answer: Symptoms: The most common symptoms of demyelinating disorders are: Vision loss Muscle weakness Muscle stiffness Muscle spasms Changes in how well your bladder and bowels work Causes: in many cases, doctors aren't sure what causes these conditions. You get ADEM when your body attacks its own tissues in response to an infection with a virus or bacteria.


Question: Can neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease) be treated?

Answer: Plasma exchange ( PLEX) is a common treatment. Symptoms include: Blurred vision Loss of eyesight Eye pain Weak or numb arms and legs Bladder and bowel problems Vomiting Uncontrollable hiccups Neuromyelitis optica doesn't have a cure or FDA-approved medications to treat it. Your doctor may give you a steroid shot to help with swelling. He may also try a treatment called plasma exchange. Drugs that suppress your immune system, like azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and rituximab, can help prevent further attacks.


Question: What causes Schilder's disease?

Answer: They include: Fever Low energy Headache Nausea and vomiting Confusion Irritation Eyesight problems Trouble with coordination Drugs that fight inflammation a can stop the damage to the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. Doctors aren't sure about the cause, but it often follows an infection.


Question: What is myelin?

Answer: It helps messages from your brain move quickly and smoothly through your body, the way electricity flows from a power source. It removes some of the liquid part of your blood, called plasma, and replaces it with a manmade version. It depends on where on your spinal cord you lose myelin.


Question: How can surgery help treat bladder cancer?

Answer: This procedure is done in a hospital, but you should be able to go home the same day or the next. Your doctor will put an instrument called a resectoscope into your bladder through your urethra. That's the tube that urine flows through when you go to the bathroom. The resectoscope has a wire loop at the end. Your doctor will use it to remove abnormal tissues or tumors. If you still have cancer after the tumor is removed, your doctor can destroy it using a laser and another tool called a cystoscope. Your doctor may recommend it for one of the following reasons: You have early-stage bladder cancer You have early-stage cancer but can't have surgery As a follow-up to TURBT or partial bladder removal surgery To prevent or treat symptoms of advanced bladder cancer


Question: Can a UTI lead to sepsis?

Answer: But in some cases, a UTI can lead to major issues. If a UTI gets "complicated," it means that regular treatment isn't enough to cure it. It can be deadly. Symptoms include extreme pain and issues with body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.


Question: What is painful ovulation (Mittelschmerz)

Answer: Mittelschmerz is the pelvic and lower abdominal pain that some women experience during ovulation. Ovulation generally occurs about midway between menstrual cycles; hence the term mittelschmerz, which comes from the German words for "middle" and "pain." The pain of ovulation can range from a mild twinge to severe discomfort and usually lasts from minutes to hours. Some women experience nausea, especially if the pain is severe.


Question: What are things loved ones can do to help me with a life-threatening illness?

Answer: What do you say? If you know what that is, it's a good idea to tell them, or they will come up with their own ideas of how to help, which may or may not be what you need. You might want: Someone to sit with you and hold your hand during times of day that are particularly tough for you To talk a lot about your diagnosis and condition To talk about anything but your diagnosis and condition People to help you get out and participate in activities you enjoy Friends to help you with mundane daily activities, or with caring for children or pets What if you have to share the news of a life-threatening illness with your child or grandchild?


Question: What if nothing tastes good during chemotherapy?

Answer: Your appetite, and the foods that appeal to you, can change from day to day. Make mealtimes an event. Maybe you get a bitter, metallic taste with some foods. To solve this, try plastic silverware rather than metal. Choose frozen or fresh vegetables and fruit over canned. Try foods you've never eaten before, so you won't notice if they taste âoff.â Get help from an expert.


Question: How can I make healthy foods more caloric during chemotherapy?

Answer: Nutritious food keeps up your strength, fights fatigue, and helps your body heal. It's OK to eat high-fat, high-calorie foods you normally try to stay away from, or to eat, say, breakfast foods for dinner. Top salads with avocado or seeds, and add olive oil to rice and pasta or dip your bread into it. Liquid meal replacements can be another good option.


Question: Is it normal to not feel hungry during chemotherapy?

Answer: It helps repair body tissue and keeps your immune system healthy. You tend to eat more when you're distracted.


Question: Can exercise help my appetite during chemotherapy?

Answer: Your appetite, and the foods that appeal to you, can change from day to day. Maybe you get a bitter, metallic taste with some foods.


Question: How is the brain affected from sleeping less?

Answer: Skimping on sleep sets your brain up to make bad decisions. You don't have the mental clarity to make good decisions. Plus, when you're overtired, your brain's reward centers rev up, looking for something that feels good. So while you might be able to squash comfort food cravings when you're well-rested, your sleep-deprived brain may have trouble saying no to a second slice of cake. Add it all together, and a sleepy brain appears to crave junk food while also lacking the impulse control to say no. Sleep is like nutrition for the brain.


Question: What interactions can occur when ingesting probiotics?

Answer: Before you start taking a probiotic supplement, talk to your health care provider to make sure that you get the treatment most likely to help. They could interact with medicines such as antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs.


Question: What are the benefits of oregano oil?

Answer: But there is little evidence to suggest that it is effective for any condition. It is not a condition that is recognized by conventional medicine. And there is no evidence that oregano oil helps treat these symptoms. Oregano oil in an oral or inhaled form is also used to try to treat respiratory tract conditions such as: Coughs Asthma Croup Bronchitis Oregano oil is also marketed as an aid for: Urinary tract infections Indigestion Heartburn Oregano oil, in a form that can be applied to the skin, has been used to try to treat: Acne Athlete's foot Dandruff Warts Gum disease Toothaches Skin infections Wounds Marketers of oregano oil claim a host of other applications as well.


Question: Are there home remedies for nerve pain in your legs and feet?

Answer: Exercise releases natural painkillers called endorphins. Exercise also promotes blood flow to the nerves in the legs and feet. Researchers believe that regular exercise may create a long-lasting expansion in blood vessels in the feet, nourishing damaged nerves back to health. Start with a daily walk, gradually increasing pace and distance. Pamper your feet. Nerve pain usually means impaired sensation, making injuries and infections more likely. Reduce the risk by examining your feet daily, wearing comfortable shoes, and seeing a podiatrist regularly. No wound or injury to your feet is too minor for a consultation with a doctor. Warm water temporarily increases blood flow to the legs and can help ease stress as well.


Question: How can vaginal cancer be prevented?

Answer: An HPV infection most often goes away on its own, but if the infection lingers, it can lead to cervical and vaginal cancers. The best way to guard against it is to avoid being exposed to HPV. The FDA has approved the Gardasil 9 vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases, including the four most common types of HPV. If you don't want the vaccine, you might try the following lifestyle changes. Studies show they may help to reduce your risk of vaginal cancer: Wait to have sex until your late teen years or beyond. If you smoke, stop.


Question: What are treatments for skin infections?

Answer: If you have an infection, your doctor may prescribe medicine. What he gives you depends on the type of infection: Antibiotics fight a bacterial infection. Antivirals treat viral infections. Antifungal creams, ointments, or powders treat fungal infections. If you have a major skin wound, especially one with stitches, check with your doctor for proper care instructions.


Question: Who should not be vaccinated for yellow fever?

Answer: While the actual number of yellow fever cases among U. S. and European travelers to these at-risk countries is low, vaccination is advised for most international travelers to these countries, because yellow fever has no cure and can be deadly. The vaccine can cause serious adverse effects in certain people. Efforts are under way to develop a killed vaccine that will be safer. Talk with your doctor before getting the vaccine if you: Have a compromised immune system, such as from HIV Have cancer or thymus gland problems Have had treatment that can disrupt the immune system, such as steroids or cancer treatment Have had a life-threatening allergic reaction to eggs, chicken, gelatin, or past yellow fever vaccine Are pregnant or breastfeeding Are age 65 or older Your child is younger than 9 months old.


Question: How do I get a diagnosis for hydrocele in baby boys?

Answer: She'll check his scrotum for fluid and tenderness, and she'll shine a light through it to see if there's fluid around his testicle. She'll also check to make sure your baby doesn't have a hernia. Your son may also have a blood test and an ultrasound to make sure nothing else is causing the swelling. After a few days, you may need to take him back to the doctor to make sure he's healing well.


Question: What are the symptoms of hydrocele in baby boys?

Answer: A hydrocele is a swelling in a boy's scrotum, the thin sac that holds his testicles. Communicating hydrocele happens when the sac doesn't seal. Even if he's not in pain, you should see the pediatrician to make sure he doesn't have other health problems that are causing the swelling, such as an infection, a tumor, or a hernia. The swelling from a noncommunicating hydrocele doesn't change in size. A communicating hydrocele can get bigger during the day, and if you gently squeeze it, the fluid will move out of the scrotum and into his belly.


Question: What is hydrocele in baby boys?

Answer: The condition is most common in newborns, though older boys and men can get it, too. It may sound or look serious, even painful, but don't worry, it won't hurt your baby. It might even go away on its own, though you should still see the doctor about it. There are two types: Noncommunicating hydrocele happens when the sac closes like normal, but the boy's body doesn't absorb the fluid inside it. The only symptom you'll notice is that one or both of your son's testicles look swollen.


Question: How do I treat hydrocele in baby boys?

Answer: It might even go away on its own, though you should still see the doctor about it. If it doesn't, or if it gets bigger, his doctor will refer him to a specialist called a urologist. If your son has a communicating hydrocele, the pediatrician will usually recommend surgery without waiting for it to go away.


Question: What should you know about lowering your blood pressure?

Answer: ( It can raise your blood pressure and make your heart beat irregularly.) A small effort can bring blood pressure down as much as 2 to 8 points. It's important to take it exactly as your doctor prescribes.


Question: What are cancer clinical trials and what are they used for?

Answer: Through cancer clinical trials, researchers test the effects of new drugs on a group of volunteers with cancer. Following a strict protocol and using carefully controlled conditions, researchers evaluate the drugs under development and measure the ability of the new drug to treat cancer, its safety, and any possible side effects. These cancer treatments may be even more effective than the current cancer treatment.


Question: Why are older antipsychotic drugs not used as much?

Answer: Antipsychotic medications are used as a short-term treatment for bipolar disorder to control psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or mania symptoms. However, they may be helpful if a person has troublesome side effects or doesn't respond to the newer drugs. Older antipsychotics include chlorpromazine ( Thorazine), haloperidol ( Haldol), and perphenazine ( Trilafon). These drugs may cause a serious long-term side effect called tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movement like lip smacking, protruding the tongue, or grimacing. Newer atypical antipsychotics also have the potential to cause this side effect, but are thought to have a relatively lower risk than the older conventional antipsychotics.


Question: What are antipsychotic medications used to treat?

Answer: These symptoms may occur during acute mania or severe depression. Some also treat bipolar depression, and several have demonstrated long-term value in preventing future episodes of mania or depression. Older antipsychotic drugs are also generally not used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, and they are less established for treating depressive symptoms or preventing episodes during long-term use.


Question: How do antipsychotic drugs work?

Answer: Often, they are taken with a mood-stabilizing drug and can decrease symptoms of mania until mood stabilizers take full effect. It is not clear exactly how these drugs work, but they usually improve manic episodes quickly.


Question: How quickly do antipsychotic drugs start working?

Answer: More normal thinking often is restored within a few weeks. Newer atypical antipsychotics also have the potential to cause this side effect, but are thought to have a relatively lower risk than the older conventional antipsychotics.


Question: What are the risks of a hemorrhoidectomy?

Answer: Hemorrhoid surgery is safe and effective most of the time. However, any surgery has some risks including: Bleeding Infection Reaction to anesthesia You might have some trouble peeing afterward because of swelling or muscle spasms. If your anal sphincter gets damaged during surgery, you could have accidental bowel or gas leaks, a condition called fecal incontinence.


Question: Is hemorrhoid surgery safe?

Answer: But you'll still need to eat a high-fiber diet, avoid constipation, and take care of your bottom to help prevent new hemorrhoid flare-ups. Talk to your doctor to figure out what's right for you. The procedure is effective and virtually painless.


Question: What is a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH)?

Answer: Surgery to remove hemorrhoids is called hemorrhoidectomy. The doctor will use a stapler-like device to reposition the hemorrhoids and cut off their blood supply. Without blood, they'll eventually shrivel and die. It can treat hemorrhoids that have and have not prolapsed, or slipped down out of the anus.


Question: For how long do I need to take extra precautions against infection after an organ transplant?

Answer: Organ rejection is your own body's misguided attempt to protect you. Over the next six months to a year after an organ transplant, your health care team will probably reduce your medication. You'll settle into the "maintenance phase" on a lower dose. At this point, you can usually relax some of your safety measures. But you should still take precautions. Wash your hands regularly and limit contact with people who are sick or recently vaccinated. If you ever have an episode where your body rejects a donor organ (organ rejection), your doctor may need to change your medications or boost the dosage of immunosuppressant drugs. Since your immune system will be further suppressed, you'll need to take those extra precautions again. Your doctor may also occasionally need to change some of the medicines. New and more effective drugs may also come on the market that will replace old ones.


Question: What are some tips for people with a complicated medication regimen?

Answer: Taking medication is absolutely crucial to staying healthy. Here are some tips. Use alarm clocks, timers, or digital watches to help you remember doses. Ask your family members to help you stay on a medication schedule. Keep drugs away from children and pets. Store medication in a cool, dry place. Keep a list of all your drugs somewhere obvious. If you miss a dose, don't assume you can double up with your next one. Keep track of how much medicine you have left. Always call the pharmacy for refills early. If your doctor agrees, take medication with food to prevent gastrointestinal side effects. Set up doses so that they coincide with other daily activities, such as brushing your teeth, eating lunch, or going to bed. Never stop taking a medication without your health care provider's approval.


Question: Is it possible to balance rejection and infection after an organ transplant?

Answer: But you can't take so much that your risk of infection gets too high." No, you won't have to live in a sterile bubble to stay healthy. You won't be as susceptible to infection.


Question: What should you do to avoid infection while in the phase of immunosuppression after an organ transplant?

Answer: They usually allow your body to live in relative harmony with a donor organ. You should: Wash your hands often. Avoid people who are sick. Stay out of crowded areas. Don't take care of pets. Pets carry germs, so limit your exposure to them. Don't garden. Clean them and put on a bandage. Practice very safe sex . It could be more. Use weekly or daily pillboxes to set up doses beforehand, and keep track.


Question: How does our body treat transplanted organs?

Answer: Organ rejection is your own body's misguided attempt to protect you. That's why there's immunosuppression. Some may not work as well over time. It could be more. Always call the pharmacy for refills early.


Question: What can happen if someone's body rejects a donor organ?

Answer: Organ rejection is your own body's misguided attempt to protect you. If you ever have an episode where your body rejects a donor organ (organ rejection), your doctor may need to change your medications or boost the dosage of immunosuppressant drugs. Since your immune system will be further suppressed, you'll need to take those extra precautions again.


Question: How does someone take extra good care of themselves after an organ transplant?

Answer: You should: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is an excellent way to reduce exposure to germs. It's especially important before you eat. Avoid people who are sick. It's best to limit contact with anyone who has a cold or any other infection like measles or chicken pox. Stay out of crowded areas. For example, avoid malls and movie theaters. Don't take care of pets. Pets carry germs, so limit your exposure to them. You don't have to kick them out of the house. Instead, look at this as an excuse to make your spouse or kids clean out the litter box for a change. Don't garden. Some dangerous bacteria live in the soil. So let your garden go wild for a few months. Or hire someone to do the weeding for you. Brush and floss daily. Both help keep your mouth free of infections. Have your teeth cleaned regularly. Don't ignore cuts or scratches. Clean them and put on a bandage. Get in touch with your health care provider if you have any signs of infection. Practice very safe sex . Sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes can be a problem for anyone. But they can be dangerous for people who have had an organ transplant. Condoms may not be enough to fully protect you. Even saliva can expose you to colds and viruses. So be careful. Ask your health care provider about what's safe in your case. Living in the country poses different risks, such as exposure to farm animals or potentially unsafe well water, Friedman says. It could be more.


Question: How can living in certain areas present risks to immunosuppression after an organ transplant?

Answer: Obviously, specific recommendations depend on your health and situation. Where you live can even make a difference. Ask your health care adviser for recommendations.


Question: How can the thyroid hormone cause dry eyes?

Answer: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. Changes in your levels of thyroid hormone, which is made by the thyroid gland in your neck, can also cause dry eye. The changes can be due to a thyroid-related autoimmune disease. If you have one, the immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- mistakenly thinks your thyroid gland is an enemy and attacks it. For instance, Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that's linked in its early stages with high thyroid levels, but over time or after treatment may have low thyroid levels. People who have it may have trouble closing their eyelids, don't blink often enough, and also can't keep their tear levels up. The eyes may actually bulge forward. All of these problems can lead to dry eye. Hashimoto's disease is another autoimmune disorder that causes low thyroid levels and dry eye.


Question: How does testosterone cause dry eyes?

Answer: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. Dry eye may also be made better or worse by androgens, "male" hormones like testosterone, which both men and women make. For instance, women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) often have dry eye. The disorder causes cysts and problems with ovulation because of too much androgens. Whether you're a man or woman, lower androgen levels may affect how well certain glands make tears or the oily film that keeps the surface of your eye moist.


Question: How does insulin cause dry eyes?

Answer: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. If you have diabetes, either type 1 or type 2, there's a good chance you'll also get dry eye. The reason may have to do with the amount of insulin you have. Low insulin levels make it harder for your lacrimal gland to make tears. Taking insulin may reverse some of these problems.


Question: How do hormones cause dry eyes?

Answer: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. It does seem that women who take only estrogen are more likely to get dry eye, while those who take a combo of estrogen and progesterone (another female sex hormone) are less likely to get it. The changes can be due to a thyroid-related autoimmune disease.


Question: How do female sex hormones cause dry eyes?

Answer: That's because your levels of estrogen and other sex hormones change so much over your lifetime. If you're pregnant, you're also more likely to get dry eye because of hormone changes. Experts aren't sure exactly how changing hormones affect dry eye.


Question: What are sulfites?

Answer: Sulfites are a common additive in many foods and drugs. Sulfites" is the general name for six specific substances: Sulfur dioxide Sodium sulfite Sodium bisulfite Sodium metabisulfite Potassium bisulfite Potassium metabisulfite As additives, sulfites do many things: They can prevent spoilage and preserve foods -- and certain beverages -- by preventing the growth of mold and bacteria, for example. This can be tough, especially since sulfites are in many foods and drugs.


Question: What are symptoms of a sulfites allergy?

Answer: The combination of asthma and sulfites can be dangerous. Symptoms of a sulfite allergy include: Hives and itchiness Upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting Trouble swallowing Flushing Dizziness Drop in blood pressure Trouble breathing The combination of asthma and sulfites can be life-threatening because it can lead to anaphylactic shock.


Question: Is fiber a good way to treat constipation that comes from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: But some people may need more help from bulk-forming laxatives. They add soluble fiber to your stool, which makes it easier to pass by absorbing more water in your intestines. Make sure you drink plenty of water when you take one, though. These laxatives include methylcellulose ( Citrucel), polycarbophil ( Fiber Con), and psyllium ( Metamucil). These pull water back into your colon, which softens your stool so it's easier to get it out of your body. When you take them for a long time, your body can get used to them so that they won't work for you anymore. Talk with your doctor before you take a laxative to see if it will help with your symptoms.


Question: Do laxatives relieve constipation for people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Many people with irritable bowel syndrome turn to laxatives to relieve constipation. Laxatives do ease constipation and help you have more regular bowel movements. There's no proof they relieve stomach aches, bloating, and other problems that come with IBS, though. Researchers haven't done enough of the right kinds of scientific studies to know exactly how well they work. They are fairly safe to take for long-lasting constipation. Talk with your doctor before you take a laxative to see if it will help with your symptoms.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before I take a laxative?

Answer: There's no proof they relieve stomach aches, bloating, and other problems that come with IBS, though. If you're thinking about taking one, talk with your doctor first.


Question: What can I expect during a heart biopsy?

Answer: Ask your doctor what medications should be taken on the day of your heart biopsy. A mild sedative medication will be given before the procedure to help you relax, but you will be awake during the procedure. The doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb the area of your neck. A plastic introducer sheath (a short, hollow tube through which the catheter is placed) is inserted through a small incision and into a blood vessel in the neck. A bioptome is inserted through the sheath and threaded to the right ventricle. X-rays, called fluoroscopy, are used to position the bioptome properly. The bioptome is used to obtain samples of the heart muscle. When the samples have been collected, the catheter and sheath will be removed and firm pressure will be held over the area to stop bleeding.


Question: How should I prepare for a heart biopsy?

Answer: Your doctor or nurse will give you specific instructions about what you can and cannot eat or drink before the procedure. Please bring a list of all of your medications and the current dosages with you. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how to adjust your medications the day of your test. Tell your doctor and/or nurses if you are allergic to anything. Arrange for someone to drive you home after the test, as you may be groggy from the sedative given to numb the site where the catheter is inserted.


Question: What is Carbamazepine (Carbatrol or Tegretol)?

Answer: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol or Tegretol) First choice for partial, generalized tonic-clonic and mixed seizures Common adverse effects include fatigue, vision changes, nausea, dizziness, rash. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Side effects include dizziness, headache, and nausea.


Question: What is Pregabalin (Lyrica)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, but is used more often to treat neuropathic pain. Side effects include dizziness, sleepiness (somnolence), dry mouth, peripheral edema, blurred vision, weight gain, and difficulty with concentration/attention.


Question: What is Valproate, valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Topiramate ( Topamax) Used with other drugs to treat partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Valproate, valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote) Used to treat partial, absence, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, hair loss, weight gain, depression in adults, irritability in children, reduced attention, a decrease in thinking speed. Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning, swelling of the ankles, irregular menstrual periods. More rare and dangerous effects include hearing loss, liver damage, decreased platelets (clotting cells), and pancreas problems.


Question: What are epilepsy drug guidelines?

Answer: Felbamate ( Felbatol) Treats partial seizures alone and some partial and generalized seizures in Lennox- Gastaut Syndrome; is used rarely and only when no other medications have been effective. It may take several months before the best drug and dosage are determined for you. It is very important to keep your follow-up appointments with your doctor and the lab to minimize your risk for serious side effects and prevent complications. When seizures continue despite treatment for epilepsy, it may be because the episodes thought to be seizures are non-epileptic. In such cases, you should get a second opinion from a specialist and have EEG-video monitoring so the diagnosis can be re-evaluated.


Question: What is Brivaracetam (Briviact)?

Answer: Brivaracetam ( Briviact) Approved for use as an add-on treatment to other medications in treating partial onset seizures in patients age 16 years and older. Possible side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.


Question: What is Tiagabine (Gabitril)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Tiagabine ( Gabitril) Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures with or without generalized seizures Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irritability, anxiety, and confusion.


Question: What is Levetiracetam (Keppra)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Levetiracetam ( Keppra) It is combined with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, primary generalized seizures and myoclonic (shock-like jerks of muscle) seizures. Side effects include tiredness, weakness, and behavioral changes.


Question: What is Oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar XR, Trileptal )?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Oxcarbazepine ( Oxtellar XR, Trileptal ) Used to treat partial seizures, it is a once-daily medicine used alone or with other medications to control seizures. Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, headache, vomiting, double vision , and balance problems.


Question: What is Phenobarbital?

Answer: Phenobarbitol Oldest epilepsy medicine still in use. It is used to treat most forms of seizures and is known for its effectiveness and low cost. Side effects can be sleepiness or changes in behavior. It is also used with absence seizures.


Question: What is Lacosamide (VIMPAT)?

Answer: Possible side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. VIMPAT can be used alone or with other drugs.


Question: What is Lamotrigine (Lamictal)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Lamotrigine ( Lamictal) Treats partial, some generalized seizures and mixed seizures. Has few side effects, but rarely people report dizziness, insomnia, or rash.


Question: Are there drugs for epilepsy that treat seizures?

Answer: For 70% of patients with epilepsy, drugs can control seizures. The type of medication prescribed will also depend on several factors specific to each patient, such as which side effects can be tolerated, other illnesses he or she may have, and which delivery method is acceptable.


Question: What is Zonisamide (Zonegran)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Zonisamide ( Zonegran ) Used with other drugs to treat partial, generalized and myoclonic seizures Adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, unsteady gait, kidney stones, abdominal discomfort, headache, and rash.


Question: What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Phenytoin ( Dilantin) Controls partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures; also can be given by vein (intravenously) in the hospital to rapidly control active seizures, although if the drug is being delivered by IV, fosphenytoin ( Cerebyx) is usually used. Side effects include dizziness, fatigue, slurred speech, acne, rash, gum thickening, and increased hair (hirsutism). Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning.


Question: What is Perampanel (Fycompa)?

Answer: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Perampanel ( Fycompa) The drug is approved to treat partial onset seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in those age 12 and older. The label carries a warning of potential serious events including irritability, aggression, anger, anxiety, paranoia, euphoric mood, agitation, and changes in mental status.


Question: What is Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom)?

Answer: Eslicarbazepine ( Aptiom) This drug is a once-a-day medication used alone or in combination with other anti-seizure drugs to treat partial-onset seizures. The most common side effects include dizziness, nausea, headache, vomiting, fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, blurred vision, and tremor. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.


Question: How is fibromyalgia different from arthritis?

Answer: Fibromyalgia causes pain, soreness, and fatigue, often in the joints and muscles. It affects nerve cells that help send pain signals.


Question: How can milnacipran (Savella) help with treating fibromyalgia?

Answer: It affects nerve cells that help send pain signals. But it can cause side effects like sleepiness, dizziness, blurred vision, and trouble concentrating. Massage therapy may relax your muscles, lower your heart rate, and ease stress.


Question: What are tips to make living with fibromyalgia easier?

Answer: It also may raise your heart rate or blood pressure. Some other drugs used to treat depression or other conditions may also help with fibromyalgia symptoms. Ask your doctor if any of those might work for you. Try to get 7 to 8 hours each night, and take time to relax every day. Massage therapy may relax your muscles, lower your heart rate, and ease stress.


Question: What should I ask about a support group before I join?

Answer: Before you join, it can help to ask the organizer or therapist running the group these questions: Is this group open or closed? Can people join at any time, or does everyone begin together and meet for a set period of time (for example, 12 weeks)? How many people are in the group? Do all the members have anxiety?


Question: How can group therapy help anxiety?

Answer: Group therapy is one way to make those connections as part of your treatment. The goal is to learn about yourself and find new ways to ease your anxious feelings.


Question: How do you diagnose viral pneumonia?

Answer: Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs, and it can keep you in bed feeling very sick. If you have mild symptoms, your doctor may suggest blood tests or a chest X-ray. If your symptoms are serious, and you are 65 or older (or an infant or young child), the doctor might recommend collecting fluids. She or he may also put a camera down your throat to check your airways.


Question: How can I quit smoking if I have asthma?

Answer: Before you quit all at once ("cold turkey"), setting a plan will help: Pick a date to stop smoking, and then prepare for it. You will come to know what triggers you to smoke. Record what you do when you smoke. List your reasons for quitting. Ask your doctor about using nicotine replacement products such as gum, lozenges patches, inhalers or nasal sprays. Nicotine-free prescription medications , like Chantix and Zyban, can also help you quit smoking. Change activities that were connected to smoking. Seek support for quitting.


Question: How can I keep from smoking when I'm trying to quit?

Answer: Find activities to replace smoking. Then follow these helpful tips: Don't focus on what you are missing. Tell yourself you are a great person for quitting. When you get the urge to smoke, take a deep breath. Keep your hands busy. Don't carry a lighter, matches, or cigarettes. Go to places that don't allow smoking, such as museums and libraries. Avoid alcoholic drinks. Exercise. Hang out with non-smokers. Seek support for quitting. After 15 years of not smoking: Your risk of heart disease decreases to that of a nonsmoker.