Question: How are heartburn and pregnancy linked?

Answer: More than half of all pregnant women report symptoms of severe heartburn, particularly during their second and third trimesters. Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is an irritation or burning sensation of the esophagus caused by stomach contents that reflux (comes back up) from the stomach.


Question: How can you reduce heartburn during pregnancy?

Answer: To reduce heartburn during pregnancy without hurting your baby, you should try the following: Eat several small meals each day instead of three large ones. Eat slowly. Avoid fried, spicy, or rich (fatty) foods or any foods that seem to cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of heartburn. Drink less while eating. Drinking large amounts while eating may increase the risk of acid reflux and heartburn. Don't lie down directly after eating. Keep the head of your bed higher than the foot of your bed. Or place pillows under your shoulders to help prevent stomach acids from rising into your esophagus. Ask your doctor about using over-the-counter medications such as Tums or Maalox, which are generally safe to use during pregnancy. You may find that liquid heartburn relievers are more effective in treating heartburn, because they coat the esophagus. Wear loose-fitting clothing. Tight-fitting clothes can increase the pressure on your stomach and abdomen. Avoid constipation.


Question: How is type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer: Your doctor may start you out with two injections a day of two different types of insulin. You may progress to three or four shots a day. Most insulin comes in a small glass bottle called a vial. You draw it out with a syringe that has a needle on the end, and give yourself the shot. Some now comes in a prefilled pen. One kind is inhaled. You can also get it from a pump -- a device you wear that sends it into your body via a small tube. Your doctor will help you to pick the type and the delivery method that's best for you.


Question: How do people manage type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Many people with type 1 diabetes live long, healthy lives. The key to good health is to keep your blood sugar levels within the range your doctor gives you. You'll need to check them often and adjust insulin, food, and activities to make that happen.


Question: What are the signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels.


Question: What do people with type 1 diabetes use to control their blood sugar?

Answer: All people with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood sugar.


Question: What should you know about insulin and type 1 diabetes?

Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. " Duration" is how long it keeps working after onset.


Question: What types of insulin are available for people with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Several types of insulin are available. Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.


Question: What types of insulin are available for type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Rapid-acting starts to work in about 15 minutes. It peaks around 1 hour after you take it and continues to work for 2 to 4 hours. Regular or short-acting gets to work in about 30 minutes. It peaks between 2 and 3 hours and keeps working for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting won't get into your bloodstream for 2 to 4 hours after injection. It peaks from 4 to 12 hours and works for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting takes several hours to get into your system and lasts for about 24 hours.


Question: How can food be used to treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: You'll also need to understand how food affects your blood sugar. Once you know the roles that carbs, fats, and protein play, you can build a healthy eating plan that helps keep your levels where they should be. A diabetes educator or registered dietitian can help you get started.


Question: How can checking your blood sugar help treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low. If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: What should I do if I have high blood sugar with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: If your test is high, test for ketones -- acids that can result from high sugar levels. If they're OK, you should be good to go. If they're high, skip the workout.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the eye?

Answer: This eye problem happens in about 80% of adults who have had type 1 diabetes for more than 15 years. It's rare before puberty no matter how long you've had the disease. To prevent it -- and keep your eyesight -- keep good control of blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides.


Question: What terms will my doctor use when talking about insulin in type 1 diabetes patients?

Answer: When your doctor talks about insulin, he'll mention three main things: " Onset" is the length of time before it reaches your bloodstream and begins lowering blood sugar. " Peak time" is the time when insulin is doing the most work in terms of lowering blood sugar. "


Question: How is type 1 diabetes diagnosed?

Answer: They include: Heavy thirst Increased hunger (especially after eating) Dry mouth Nausea and vomiting Pain in your belly Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss (even though you're eating and feel hungry) Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Blurred vision Heavy, labored breathing (your doctor will call this Kussmaul respiration) Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract, or vagina Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes include: Shaking and confusion Rapid breathing Fruity smell to your breath Pain in your belly Loss of consciousness (rare) If your doctor thinks you have type 1 diabetes, he'll check your blood sugar levels. He may test your urine for glucose or chemicals your body makes when you don't have enough insulin.


Question: When should I check my blood sugar if I have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after an activity to find out how it affects you. Some things will make your levels go up; others won't. You can lower your insulin or have a snack with carbs to prevent it from dropping too low.


Question: How can type 1 diabetes affect the kidney?

Answer: About 20% to 30% of people with type 1 diabetes get a condition called nephropathy. The chances grow over time. It's most likely to show up 15 to 25 years after the onset of diabetes. It can lead to other serious problems like kidney failure and heart disease.


Question: How does high blood sugar affect hydration?

Answer: This causes high blood sugar, which can lead to: Dehydration. When there's extra sugar in your blood, you pee more. That's your body's way of getting rid of it. A large amount of water goes out with that urine, causing your body to dry out.


Question: What blood pressure reading means you have hypertension?

Answer: A blood pressure of 130/80 or higher is considered high. This is called hypertension A blood pressure between 120 and 129 and less than 80 is considered elevated. This means that you do not have hypertension, but you are likely to develop it in the future unless you adopt lifestyle changes to keep your blood pressure under control.


Question: What senses milestones should you expect in your 4-month-old?

Answer: During the first three months, babies have a lot of trouble distinguishing color contrasts, which was why your newborn preferred bright colors and black-and-white objects. Now at four months, baby's vision has sharpened to about 20/40. Babies at this age can pick out more subtle color contrasts, such as a red button on a red shirt. They also can see across the room, although they still prefer looking at people close-up.


Question: What are some tips for your babyâs fourth month?

Answer: Give your baby lots of new textures to explore, such as books like Pat the Bunny and other touch-and-feel board books. Spend at least a few minutes reading or singing to your baby every day. She will love being in your arms and hearing the sound of your voice -- even if you can't carry a tune. Though your baby is not yet crawling and probably isn't even rolling over, it's time to start seriously thinking about childproofing. Put locks on cabinets, snap gates across stairways, and store any cleaning products or other potentially dangerous materials high up and far away from baby's curious fingers.


Question: What should be checked for in your 4-month-old's well-baby visit?

Answer: Here are a few of the items that should be on the checklist for your 4-month well-baby pediatrician visit: Height and weight Milestones Vaccinations Hearing and vision Eating Sleeping Before you go to the doctor's office, make a list of any concerns you have and any questions you want to ask, and then use the list to be sure you get all the information and help you need.


Question: How often do I need to see my doctor if I have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Regular follow-up is important after an ICD implant. Your doctor will tell you how often you will need to have the ICD checked. During ICD checks, the doctor will determine if the ICD has detected or treated any abnormal heart rhythms and will check the ICD battery. These visits are very important. You will also need to see a cardiologist at least once a year.


Question: What is the card you get after you have an ICD implanted?

Answer: In about three months after the procedure, you will receive a permanent identification card with this information. It is important that you carry this card with you at all times in case you need medical attention.


Question: Can I use a cell phone if I have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Cellular phones should be kept at least 6 inches from your ICD. Do not store cell phones in a pocket over the device.


Question: Who can get an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: ICDs are used for: People who have had an episode of sudden cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation. People who have had a heart attack and are at high risk for sudden cardiac arrest. People who have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and are at high risk for sudden cardiac arrest. People who have dilated cardiomyopathy with severely reduced heart function and are at high risk for sudden cardiac arrest. People who have had at least one episode of ventricular tachycardia, an abnormal heart rhythm.


Question: How should I prepare to get an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medications before the procedure. You will receive specific instructions. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how you should adjust your diabetes medications. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the evening before the procedure. If you must take medications, drink only with a sip of water. When you come to the hospital, wear comfortable clothes. You will change into a hospital gown for the procedure. Leave all jewelry and valuables at home.


Question: How do doctors implant an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: The ICD may be implanted in two ways, but the endocardial (transvenous) approach is most common. A small incision is made under the collarbone. The lead is placed into a vein and guided inside your heart chamber. The generator is placed under skin in your upper chest and attached to the lead(s).


Question: How does antitachycardia pacing (ATP) of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) work?

Answer: When the heart beats too fast, a series of small electrical impulses are delivered to the heart muscle to restore a normal heart rate and rhythm.


Question: How does an ICD help treat abnormal heart rhythms?

Answer: An ICD is an electronic device that constantly monitors your heart rate and rhythm. When it detects a very fast, abnormal heart rhythm, it delivers energy to the heart muscle. This causes the heart to beat in a normal rhythm again.


Question: How long does an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) last?

Answer: A defibrillator lasts five to ten years, depending on how often it delivers a shock. When you need your ICD changed, you will be admitted to the hospital for the procedure. An incision is made above the ICD and the ICD is removed. The leads are tested. If the function of the leads is acceptable, they will be attached to a new generator. Otherwise, new leads may be inserted.


Question: What should I do if I get shocked by my implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: If you get shocked by your ICD: Stay calm. Sit or lie down. Ask someone to stay with you. If you do not feel well after the shock, call your doctor or an ambulance (dial 911 in most areas). If you feel fine after the shock, you do not need to seek immediate medical attention. Call your doctor within 24 hours. If someone is touching you when the ICD fires, they may feel a tingling sensation; this is not harmful to them.


Question: What is a single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: A lead is attached in the right ventricle. If needed, energy is delivered to the ventricle to restore a normal heart rhythm.


Question: Can I use a microwave if I have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Most electrical devices, such as microwave ovens, do not interfere with ICD function. You need to avoid strong electric or magnetic fields, such as some industrial equipment, MRI machines, high-output ham radios, high-intensity radio waves (found near large electrical generators, power plants, or radio frequency transmission towers), and arc or resistance welders. Stay at arm's length from less powerful electric or magnetic fields, such as large magnets, stereo speakers, airport security wands, and antennas used in ham or CB radios.


Question: What is bradycardia pacing for an implantabale cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: When the heart beats too slow, small electrical impulses stimulate the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate.


Question: What is cardioversion?

Answer: A low-energy shock is delivered to restore a normal heart rhythm.


Question: When should I call a doctor about my implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Call your doctor if you notice: Unusual redness Swelling Drainage from the wound Fever Chills You will have a slight bulge under the skin where the generator is located.


Question: What does it feel like to have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: You may or may not be aware of when your ICD detects and corrects your heart rhythm. Often it depends on the type of therapy you receive. Pacing. You may or may not feel the impulses -- usually they are not detectable. Defibrillation. The shock feels like a kick in the chest but only lasts for a moment. Some patients describe the sensation as feeling like a shock from an electrical outlet.


Question: Are there any types of clothes you shouldn't wear after you get an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: Call your doctor if you notice: Unusual redness Swelling Drainage from the wound Fever Chills You will have a slight bulge under the skin where the generator is located. It will not be noticeable under clothes. Avoid wearing tight fitting clothing so your incision will not be irritated.


Question: What happens right after you get an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?

Answer: You will normally be admitted to the hospital overnight after your ICD is implanted. The morning after your implant, you will have a chest X-ray to make sure the ICD leads are in the proper position and your ICD will be programmed to ensure it is functioning properly.


Question: What are dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)?

Answer: Dual-chamber ICD. Leads are attached in the right atrium and the right ventricle. Energy can be delivered to the right atrium and then to the right ventricle, helping your heart to be paced in a normal sequence.


Question: How can someone help someone during an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: How to help: Call a doctor right away. AFib episodes rarely cause serious problems, but they'll need to get checked out with a physical exam. If they're uncomfortable or their heart is beating rapidly, call 911 or go to an emergency room. Doctors may use medications or a device called a defibrillator to help their heart go back to a normal rhythm.


Question: What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: The symptoms: Remember the initials F. A. S. T. Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911 Stroke can also bring on a severe headache, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, trouble speaking, or numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How to help: Call 911.


Question: What is an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: What it is: When the heart beats irregularly, causing it to flutter, race, pound, or noticeably skip beats, that's an AFib episode.


Question: How can someone help someone who is having a heart attack?

Answer: How to help: If they have these warning signs, call 911 right away, even if you're not sure it's a heart attack. It's better to be wrong than to wait too long. The 911 operator will stay on the phone with you until help arrives. Tell them that the person has AFib. They may give you specific instructions for while you wait.


Question: How does listing medications and other health conditions for atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients help medical professionals?

Answer: To get started, make a list of their health conditions and the medications they take. That way, you can share the list with medical professionals during any emergency. If your loved one takes blood thinners, they should wear a medical bracelet or tag saying so. You'll also want to know what happens during an AFib episode, heart attack, and stroke, and the different warning signs of each.


Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: The symptoms: The main ones are discomfort, pain, pressure, or heaviness in the chest. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. Important: Women don't always have "typical" symptoms. They may vomit or feel tingling or pain in their back, shoulders, arm, or jaw.


Question: What are the symptoms of an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?

Answer: The symptoms: Your loved one may be very tired and short of breath. They may feel faint, anxious, or confused.


Question: What is a heart attack?

Answer: What it is: A heart attack happens when blood doesn't flow to the organ like it should because of a blockage. This can damage its tissue and could be deadly.


Question: Are some medicines not OK to take if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Look at Your Medications Go over all the prescription and over-the-counter drugs you take with your doctor. Some may have side effects that can hurt your liver. For example, too much acetaminophen can cause liver damage. Other painkillers like ibuprofen and naproxen are dangerous if you have scarring in your liver, called cirrhosis. Talk to your doctor to see what's best for you.


Question: Can you drink if you hepatitis C?

Answer: Stop Drinking Alcohol Because hepatitis C is a liver disease, you want to avoid anything that puts more stress on your liver, like alcohol. Some people with the virus might be able to drink a little, but no one knows for sure if there's a safe amount for everyone with the disease. The safest bet is to cut booze out completely. Talk to your doctor if you need help to stop.


Question: Why should people with hepatitis C exercise?

Answer: Get Moving Stay active to keep your weight in check, keep up your strength, and control your stress. All are important for a healthy life with hep C. Find an activity you like so you'll keep doing it. Your goal should be to work out for 30 minutes three times a week. But if you're new to exercise, you can start with just 10 or 15 minutes at once. Talk to your doctor before you start a workout program.


Question: What's the benefit of a support group if you have hepatitis C?

Answer: Get Support Talk to other people who have hepatitis C. They understand what you're going through, and they can answer your questions and offer their own advice for how to live well. Many communities, hospitals, and organizations have support groups that meet in person or online.


Question: Why should people with hepatitis C avoid sharing their personal items?

Answer: Don't Share Personal Items The hep C virus spreads through blood, so there's a small chance that when you share items like toothbrushes or razors you could pass the disease on. Though the risks are slim, it's a good idea to keep your personal care items just for you.


Question: Can you get hepatitis C through sex?

Answer: Think About Safe Sex It's possible to spread hepatitis C during sex, but the risk is very low. If you have one long-term partner, you're less likely to spread the virus, but your lover should get tested. If you have more than one partner, your chance for spreading hepatitis C is higher. It's a good idea to practice safe sex and always use latex condoms.


Question: What are ways hepatitis C doesn't spread?

Answer: You can't spread hepatitis C by sharing cups, eating utensils, or food. You also can't spread it by holding hands, hugging, or kissing (unless you have open sores on your mouth). You also won't pass it on by sneezing or coughing on someone.


Question: How is a radioactive seed implant performed to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: The procedure is performed as follows: After general or spinal anesthesia, the legs are elevated and padded very carefully. The ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum and is used to take pictures of the prostate. The probe remains in place throughout the procedure. The radioactive seeds are loaded into the designated number of needles. In a specific order, each needle is inserted through the skin in the perineum (the area between the base of the scrotum and the anus) and into the prostate using continuous ultrasound guidance. Once accurate needle placement is confirmed, the seeds in that needle are released. This process is continued until all of the radioactive seeds have been implanted. No surgical incision or cutting is necessary. For HDR, once the needle or catheter placements are confirmed, they are filled with a radioactive material. After a period of minutes both the needles and the radioactive material are removed. The urologist inserts a tube with a camera called a cystoscope through the penis and into the bladder. If he or she detects any loose radioactive seeds within the urethra or bladder, they are removed. If some blood is in the urine, the urologist may place a catheter into the bladder for a short period of time to ensure proper drainage. All patients are instructed how to drain urine from the bladder, if necessary.


Question: What happens before a radioactive seed implant for prostate cancer?

Answer: A transrectal ultrasound is done to provide the radiation oncologist with specific details about your case. Newer techniques using a CAT scan or MRI may be used to guide the proper placement of the implants. This information is used to custom-design the treatment plan for you. Another option is for the ultrasound and treatment plan to be done at the same time as the radioactive seeds are implanted.


Question: What are the side effects of radioactive seed implants for prostate cancer?

Answer: Urinary symptoms are the most common. These include frequent urination and a need to get to the bathroom quickly. Some men have a burning with urination and, in a few cases, an inability to empty the bladder completely. These symptoms can usually be managed with medicine, and they improve over time. Temporary self-catheterization may be necessary to help drain the bladder. Urinary incontinence from brachytherapy is rare. The risk may be somewhat increased in patients who have undergone a previous surgical procedure to remove a part of the prostate called a TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate). A doctor can minimize this risk by doing a careful prostate ultrasound before the procedure to determine how much prostate tissue is still present to implant the seeds. Rectal bleeding occurs in less than 1% of patients. Diarrhea is rare. The impotence rate at five years after the procedure is about 25% using brachytherapy alone. If hormone therapy is added, the impotence rate rises depending on the duration of the hormonal treatment.


Question: What are the results from a radioactive seed implant for prostate cancer?

Answer: Results from this treatment approach show that in patients with similar types of prostate cancer, brachytherapy alone or in combination with external beam radiation therapy appears as effective as a radical prostatectomy and regular external radiation therapy.


Question: Can dry mouth cause bad breath?

Answer: Dry mouth: Saliva is needed to cleanse the mouth. If you don't have enough of it, simply having a dry mouth can cause bad breath.


Question: Can what I eat and drink cause bad breath?

Answer: Foods and beverages: What you eat and drink can cause bad breath. Foods are absorbed into your bloodstream and move to the lungs, affecting the air your exhale. Brushing or using mouthwash can briefly mask the odor. But halitosis lasts until the culprit is no longer in your body. Common offenders include: Onions Garlic Cheese Pastrami Certain spices Orange juice or soda Alcohol Likewise, dieters who may be eating too infrequently can also experience bad breath.


Question: Could a health condition be causing my bad breath?

Answer: Health problems: Sometimes bad breath can signal a larger health problem, such as: Sinus infection Chronic lung infection Liver or kidney disease Gastrointestinal problems Diabetes There are a number of simple things you can try to get rid of bad breath.


Question: Could not taking good care of my teeth and mouth give me bad breath?

Answer: Poor dental hygiene: When you don't thoroughly clean your teeth, gums, and tongue each day, bad breath may result from remaining bits of rotting food and the growth of bacteria in your mouth. Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) from poor dental hygiene can also cause bad breath.


Question: How do eating habits contribute to yeast infections?

Answer: While some people believe certain foods or diets promote the growth of yeast and lead to recurrent infections, there's not enough research to support that theory. According to the studies that have been done, a strict diet doesn't seem to be helpful in terms of preventing them.


Question: Can icing your neck help with whiplash?

Answer: To help with recovery, you should: Ice your neck to reduce pain and swelling as soon as you can after the injury. Do it for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days. Wrap the ice in a thin towel or cloth to prevent injury to the skin.


Question: How are neck strains and neck sprains different?

Answer: Neck strains are caused by damage to the muscle or the tendons, bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Neck sprains are caused by tearing of the ligaments, the tissues that connect the bones to each other. However, the differences between these strains and sprains probably won't mean much to you. The causes, symptoms, and treatment of neck sprains and neck strains are usually the same.


Question: Can you get a concussion from whiplash?

Answer: The blow that causes neck strain can sometimes cause a concussion, too. Since concussions can be serious, you need to see a doctor right away. You need emergency medical care if you have a headache that worsens or persists, have weakness or trouble talking, or are confused, dizzy, nauseous, excessively sleepy, or unconscious.


Question: What are the symptoms of whiplash?

Answer: The symptoms may include: Pain, decreased range of motion, and tightness in the neck. The muscles may feel hard or knotted. Pain when rocking your head from side to side or backward and forward. Pain or stiffness when moving your head to look over each shoulder. Tenderness. Headaches at the base of the skull that radiate towards the forehead. Sometimes, the pain of a neck strain is immediate. In other cases, it can take several hours or days before your neck begins to hurt.


Question: What are neck strains?

Answer: Neck strain is often just called whiplash. Although it's usually associated with car accidents, any impact or blow that causes your head to jerk forward or backward can cause neck strain. The sudden force stretches and tears the muscles and tendons in your neck. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Neck strain afflicts many amateur and professional athletes. People who play contact sports like football are especially prone to neck strain.


Question: Can you prevent whiplash?

Answer: There's not much you can do to prevent whiplash caused by an accident, of course. But there are some things you can do to improve your odds: Practice strengthening exercises to keep your neck muscles strong and limber, especially if you have had neck strain before. People who sit in the same position all day, like office workers, should take regular breaks to stretch and exercise their necks.


Question: What should you do if you suspect that your child has whooping cough?

Answer: In severe cases, they may need to go to an ER. If you think your child might have it, see your doctor right away.


Question: What is whooping cough?

Answer: For older children and adults, the outlook is usually very good. If doctors diagnose whooping cough early on, antibiotics can help cut down coughing and other symptoms. They can also help prevent the infection from spreading to others.


Question: What is the outlook of whooping cough for children and adults?

Answer: For older children and adults, the outlook is usually very good.


Question: What are the initial symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } At first, whooping cough has the same symptoms as the average cold: Mild coughing Sneezing Runny nose Low fever (below 102 F) You may also have diarrhea early on.


Question: What are the symptoms of whooping cough after 7-10 days?

Answer: After about 7-10 days, the cough turns into âcoughing spellsâ that end with a whooping sound as the person tries to breathe in air.


Question: What causes autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body. If they mistake cells in your inner ear for a virus or bacteria, they attack them. This is called an autoimmune reaction. Your immune cells may harm other organs as well. Just under 30% of people who have AIED have another autoimmune disease that affects their whole body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, or Sjoegren's syndrome (dry eye syndrome).


Question: How is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) diagnosed?

Answer: Because the symptoms of AIED are so common, it can be hard to diagnose. Many times, it's mistaken for an ear infection until hearing loss has spread to the second ear. To diagnose AIED, your doctor will ask questions about your health and medical history, do a physical exam, and give you a hearing test. She'll also test your balance, which can show how well your inner ear is "talking" to your brain. You might also have blood work done.


Question: Is there a test to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: There's no test that can tell for sure that you have AIED, but the results may show that you're having an autoimmune reaction. If they do, it's a good idea to see an otolaryngologist (ear doctor) who's also trained in autoimmune disorders. Since you may not get a clear answer, your doctor may start you on treatment without a sure diagnosis to prevent damage to your hearing that can't be fixed. Many people aren't diagnosed with AIED until they start treatment and their symptoms get better.


Question: What is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Autoimmune inner ear disease ( AIED), is a rare disease that happens when your body's immune system mistakenly attacks your inner ear. It can cause dizziness, ringing in your ears, and hearing loss.


Question: What are the symptoms of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: If you have AIED, you'll have hearing loss that starts in one ear and then spreads to the other. This may take weeks, or it could happen over a few months. Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body.


Question: How common is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Less than 1% of the 28 million Americans who have hearing loss have it because of AIED. It's slightly more common in middle-aged women.


Question: What causes autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body. If they mistake cells in your inner ear for a virus or bacteria, they attack them. This is called an autoimmune reaction. Your immune cells may harm other organs as well. Just under 30% of people who have AIED have another autoimmune disease that affects their whole body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, or Sjoegren's syndrome (dry eye syndrome).


Question: What new treatments are available for autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: As doctors learn more about AIED, more treatment options may be possible. These include drugs that work better with fewer side effects as well as gene therapy. New genes may be used to help damaged ear cells start working again.


Question: What happens after the diagnosis for autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: Since you may not get a clear answer, your doctor may start you on treatment without a sure diagnosis to prevent damage to your hearing that can't be fixed. Many people aren't diagnosed with AIED until they start treatment and their symptoms get better.


Question: What can you expect when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?

Answer: When you take narcotic drugs, you also run the risk of developing a tolerance to the drugs. That means you need more and more of the drugs in order to get the same effect. You also run the risk of becoming dependent or even addicted. In addition, narcotic drugs can cause side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating.


Question: What should you keep in mind when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?

Answer: They include: buprenorphine transdermal patch ( Butrans) fentanyl transdermal patch ( Duragesic) hydrocodone ( Hysingla, Zohydro) hydromorphone ( Dilaudid, Exalgo) methadone ( Dolophine, Methadose) morphine ( Arymo, Kadian, MS Contin, Morphabond) oxycodone ( Oxaydo, Oxy Contin, Xtampza, Xartemis) Oxymorphone ( Opana) Roxy Bond Tapentadol ( Nucynta) Tramadol ( Conzip) Troxyca ER Vantrela ER If you're taking a narcotic for arthritis pain, keep in mind that alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen or Tylenol don't mix. The combination can greatly increase your risk of severe liver damage.


Question: How do narcotics relieve arthritis pain?

Answer: Narcotic drugs work on pain receptors in the brain to relieve pain. If you have pain that isn't relieved by a narcotic drug or NSAID alone, speak to your doctor about combining the two. In some cases, an NSAID/narcotic combination may relieve pain better than either alone.


Question: How does diabetic neuropathy due to diabetes affect feet?

Answer: Diabetes can cause two problems that can affect your feet: Diabetic neuropathy. Uncontrolled diabetes can damage your nerves. If you have damaged nerves in your legs and feet, you might not feel heat, cold, or pain there. This lack of feeling is called "sensory diabetic neuropathy." If you do not feel a cut or sore on your foot because of neuropathy, the cut could get worse and become infected. The muscles of your foot may not work properly because nerves to the muscles are damaged. This could cause your foot to not align properly and create too much pressure on one part of your foot. Peripheral vascular disease.


Question: How should you manage corns and calluses if you have diabetes?

Answer: Gently smooth corns and calluses with an emery board or pumice stone. Do this after your bath or shower, when your skin is soft. Move the emery board in only one direction.


Question: How can you manage dry skin on the feet?

Answer: Dry skin can crack, which can allow germs to enter. Use moisturizing soaps and lotions to keep your skin moist and soft.


Question: What should you do if you have dry feet and diabetes?

Answer: If the skin on your feet is dry, keep it moist by applying lotion after you wash and dry your feet. Do not put lotion between your toes. Your doctor can tell you which type of lotion is best.


Question: How can you keep blood flowing to your feet if you have diabetes?

Answer: Put your feet up when sitting, wiggle your toes and move your ankles several times a day, and don't cross your legs for long periods.


Question: How can you wash your feet to avoid foot problems?

Answer: Wash your feet in warm water every day, using a mild soap. Test the temperature of the water with your elbow because nerve damage can affect sensation in your hands, too. Do not soak your feet. Dry your feet well, especially between your toes.


Question: How often should you check your feet for problems if you have diabetes?

Answer: Check your feet every day for sores, blisters, redness, calluses, or any other problems. If you have poor blood flow, it is especially important to check your feet daily.


Question: How can an orthopedic surgeon help treat  rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your Orthopedic Surgeon You may never need surgery for your RA. Today's medicines can stop or slow down the disease. If however there is a lot of joint damage that is affecting your ability to function your rheumatologist may refer you for surgery such as joint replacement.


Question: How does a regular doctor help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your Regular Doctor You may also see a primary care doctor, who will work with you on your overall health. You'll see her for checkups. She can also give you referrals to other specialists.


Question: What is a rheumatologist?

Answer: Your Rheumatologist This is a medical doctor who specializes in arthritis and other joint and muscle diseases. She's the star of your RA treatment team. You'll see her regularly. She'll keep your treatment on track and work with you to manage your condition. You should tell your rheumatologist how you're doing, including any activities that give you trouble or questions you have about your medicine.


Question: How does an occupational therapist help treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your Occupational Therapist If rheumatoid arthritis starts to slow you down, or if daily tasks become hard, a visit with an occupational therapist will probably help. They have a playbook of "work-arounds" to let you continue to live your own way. They can also provide or recommend assistive devices that will smooth out the rough spots in your daily routine, like special gadgets to make cooking or computer work easier.


Question: Can medications I take for other conditions affect my heart failure?

Answer: So work closely with your doctor to manage problems like: Abnormal heart valves Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) Heart defects Abnormal heart rhythm such as atrial fibrillation Drugs you take for other conditions can sometimes harm your heart. For instance, some medicines make your body hold on to more salt, which raises blood pressure. Others damage your heart muscle, or interact with drugs you take to control your heart failure. Drugs that can be a problem if you have heart failure include some, but not all treatments for: Asthma Cancer Colds and allergies Depression Diabetes Erectile dysfunction Heart arrhythmia High blood pressure Migraine headaches medicines Pain Seizures Some herbal supplements can worsen heart failure, too.


Question: What can I do to manage my heart failure?

Answer: See your doctor if you: Feel more tired than usual Can't catch your breath Cough or wheeze a lot Suddenly gain weight or your legs and feet get swollen, which means you're holding on to extra fluid Feel dizzy or light-headed Have more trouble exercising than usual Can't eat Feel confused Notice your heart beats very fast Lifestyle changes and medicine can help you manage heart failure and prevent your symptoms from getting worse. Keep up with a healthy routine, including things like: Eat lots of fruits, veggies, and lean protein Limit salt, sugar, and saturated fat Drop pounds if you're overweight Get regular exercise Take the medicines you've been prescribed to lower your blood pressure and cut the workload on your heart Don't stop your medicine or change the dose unless you get the OK from your doctor.


Question: Is it OK to stop taking my heart failure medicine?

Answer: Keep up with a healthy routine, including things like: Eat lots of fruits, veggies, and lean protein Limit salt, sugar, and saturated fat Drop pounds if you're overweight Get regular exercise Take the medicines you've been prescribed to lower your blood pressure and cut the workload on your heart Don't stop your medicine or change the dose unless you get the OK from your doctor.


Question: What is sudden heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure, which means your ticker can't pump as well as it should, can sometimes quickly get worse. In that case, it's called acute or sudden heart failure.


Question: How can you prevent sudden heart failure from happening?

Answer: To prevent it from happening to you, watch for the warning signs that your heart failure is getting worse. See your doctor if you: Feel more tired than usual Can't catch your breath Cough or wheeze a lot Suddenly gain weight or your legs and feet get swollen, which means you're holding on to extra fluid Feel dizzy or light-headed Have more trouble exercising than usual Can't eat Feel confused Notice your heart beats very fast Lifestyle changes and medicine can help you manage heart failure and prevent your symptoms from getting worse.


Question: What are good foods to eat and to avoid for healthy gums and teeth?

Answer: For good dental health, eat a variety of foods, avoiding those that contain sugars and starches. These foods produce the most acids in the mouth, and the longer they stay in the mouth, the more they can damage the teeth. Hard "sucking candies" are especially harmful because they stay in the mouth a long time.


Question: What is the acai berry?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The acai berry is an inch-long, reddish-purple fruit. It comes from the acai palm tree, which is native to Central and South America. Some studies show that acai fruit pulp is even richer in antioxidants than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.


Question: Do acai berries have any side effects?

Answer: When eaten in moderate amounts, though, acai is likely safe.


Question: How are acai berries used ib beauty products?

Answer: Acai oil may be a safe alternative to other tropical oils used in beauty products, such as facial and body creams, anti-aging skin therapies, shampoos, and conditioners. When acai oil is processed and stored long-term, the antioxidant levels remain high.


Question: What are the health benefits of acai berries?

Answer: But so far, acai berries have no known health benefit that's different from similar fruits.


Question: What causes loss of libido in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: Some of the medications used in the treatment of fibromyalgia, such as duloxetine ( Cymbalta) and milnacipran ( Savella), as well as SSRI antidepressants like paroxetine ( Paxil) and sertraline ( Zoloft), may cause reduced sex drive. If you take medication for fibromyalgia and have problems with libido, talk to your doctor. A simple change of medication or a reduction in dose may improve your sex drive and allow you to enjoy your relationships more. But don't stop or make any changes to your medicines unless your doctor tells you to. Also, for some patients, having to deal with the uncomfortable symptoms of fibromyalgia, including the ongoing pain, fatigue, anxiety, and stiffness, is difficult enough without thinking of being physically active with sexual activity. Learning to self-manage these symptoms with medications, exercise, and lifestyle habits may help to boost your sex life.


Question: How can I have sex if I hurt all over from fibromyalgia?

Answer: With fibromyalgia pain and tender points, you need to work with your partner to find the most comfortable position during sexual intercourse. For instance, if you have fibromyalgia with low back pain, you may find that having your partner on top or lying on his or her side is most comfortable for you. Or, if you're a woman who has fibromyalgia and hip pain, you might use a pillow to stabilize your body during sexual intercourse. Just because you've "always had sex this way," does not mean that's the only way.


Question: What am I allowed to eat in the Skinny Bitch diet?

Answer: You can eat as much of these as you like. There's no calorie counting. The ideal Skinny Bitch breakfast is fruit. Lunch is a salad and/or vegetables. Dinner is something "heavier," such as a fake chicken patty or tofu stir-fry.


Question: What is the final word on the Skinny Bitch diet?

Answer: The Final Word If you're looking to clean up your diet with a strict, low-calorie, vegan lifestyle, this book offers a first step, but it also comes with some problematic recommendations. If you like to eat out, enjoy convenience foods, or eat on a schedule, this diet is not for you. The straightforward, in-your-face tone of the book is not for the meek or faint of heart.


Question: When is the Skinny Bitch diet good for certain conditions?

Answer: A well-balanced, calorie-controlled, plant-based diet can be good for heart health, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. But this plan lacks the necessary guidance and includes too much questionable advice to be recommended for any health conditions. If you're interested in trying a vegan diet, talk to your doctor or dietitian to be sure you're meeting your nutritional and health needs.


Question: What corticosteroids can cause anxiety?

Answer: You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes. They treat conditions like asthma, allergies, arthritis, and bronchitis. Doctors aren't sure why, but these medicines can make some people irritable and anxious. You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain.


Question: What medicines for Parkinsonâs disease can cause anxiety?

Answer: Doctors often prescribe a combination drug, levodopa and carbidopa ( Sinemet), to treat Parkinson's. The extended-release capsule form of this drug ( Rytary) can cause anxiety. Ask your doctor if another medication might be an option. If your meds are causing you problems, ask your doctor about adjusting doses or switching drugs.


Question: What headache or migraine medicines have caffeine in them?

Answer: They include: Some headache and migraine medicines include caffeine. It's a drug that stimulates your nervous system, which can rev up your heart and blood pressure and make you jittery, nervous, and anxious. If you're prone to anxiety, caffeine can heighten your symptoms. You might have issues if you're taking these meds for headache or migraine: Aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine ( Excedrin Migraine) Aspirin and caffeine ( Anacin) Ergotamine and caffeine ( Migergot, Cafergot), also called ergots, which treat migraines These are drugs that work like some of the hormones your body makes.


Question: What asthma medications can cause anxiety?

Answer: Some bronchodilators, medicines that open up airways in your lungs, may also cause anxiety, even if you didn't have it before. They include: Albuterol. It's common for albuterol to cause trembling or shakiness and, less commonly, racing heartbeats. All those can seem like the signs of a panic attack. Salmeterol. Possible side effects include nervousness, sweating, fast heartbeat, and anxiety. Theophylline. This drug has been around for decades, but fewer doctors prescribe it today.


Question: What ADHD drugs can cause anxiety?

Answer: You may have symptoms of anxiety if you're taking: Cortisone Dexamethasone Prednisone Many medications for this condition are stimulants, meaning they rev up your brain. They also change the way your nerve cells send messages. Both of these things can make you restless and anxious, especially if you're taking high doses. Mood changes are a common side effect of these medications: Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine ( Adderall) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Ritalin) Some of these drugs can make mood disorders worse, such as depression and anxiety.


Question: What is the follow-up care when your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?

Answer: He'll tailor your schedule based on your specific needs, but an average appointment routine might look like this: Every 2 to 6 months for the first year or two after remission Every 6 to 12 months in the third through fifth years after remission. Once a year if it's more than 5 years since remission At some point after the 5-year mark, your oncologist may suggest that you get routine care from your primary care doctor instead of appointments with a specialist.


Question: What tests are done to confirm that your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?

Answer: Once a year if it's more than 5 years since remission At some point after the 5-year mark, your oncologist may suggest that you get routine care from your primary care doctor instead of appointments with a specialist. Your doctor may ask you to get CT scans at your early follow-up appointments. They let him see whether non- Hodgkin's lymphoma has returned. Recent research, though, shows that scans aren't any better at checking for signs that cancer has come back than blood tests and physical exams. So if you're not getting any scans as part of your follow-up care, it doesn't mean you're not getting the right care. Your doctor is simply using other ways to make sure you stay healthy. But if lab tests or your symptoms show signs that your non- Hodgkin's lymphoma is coming back, you'll probably get a scan.


Question: How can you keep on top of your health when your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission?

Answer: Besides regular checkups, it's important to keep on top of your health in other ways when you're in remission from non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. So think about taking these steps: Visit your primary care doctor once a year. Get routine tests to measure your blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and thyroid function. Get a flu vaccine every year and a pneumonia vaccine every 5 years. If you're a woman, get a mammogram every year beginning at age 40. If you had radiation therapy and are younger than 40, your doctor may recommend starting mammograms ahead of schedule or getting regular MRI scans of your breasts.


Question: What are some tips to reduce the risk for heart disease in postmenopausal women?

Answer: Tips for protecting your heart include: Get your cholesterol and blood pressure checked regularly. Take steps to reduce cholesterol and lower blood pressure if they are too high. If lifestyle changes are not enough to keep your cholesterol at a healthy level and your blood pressure normal, talk to your doctor about prescription medication. If you are diabetic, control your blood sugar.


Question: What effect does a hysterectomy have on female dysfunction?

Answer: Many women experience changes in sexual function after a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). These changes may include a loss of desire, and decreased vaginal lubrication and genital sensation. These problems may be associated with the hormonal changes that occur with the loss of the uterus. Furthermore, nerves and blood vessels critical to sexual function can be damaged during the surgery.


Question: How does menopause affect female sexual dysfunction?

Answer: The loss of estrogen following menopause can lead to changes in a woman's sexual functioning. Emotional changes that often accompany menopause can add to a woman's loss of interest in sex and/or ability to become aroused. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) or vaginal lubricants may improve certain conditions, such as loss of vaginal lubrication and genital sensation, which can create problems with sexual function in women. Also, an oral drug taken once a day, ospemifene ( Osphena), makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile. It should be noted that some postmenopausal women report an increase in sexual satisfaction. This may be due to decreased anxiety over getting pregnant. In addition, postmenopausal woman often have fewer child-rearing responsibilities, allowing them to relax and enjoy intimacy with their partners.


Question: What foods are most likely to cause gas?

Answer: You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated.


Question: Does everyone get gas from the same foods?

Answer: Not everyone will get gas from the same foods.


Question: What can I do to swallow less air and reduce gas?

Answer: To swallow less air, you can try: Cutting out gum or hard candy Eating more slowly Making sure any dentures you wear fit properly Not drinking through straws


Question: Are there prescription drugs to treat gas?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system. Medicines that do that may also move gas through quicker.


Question: How are gas problems treated?

Answer: Gas problems are treated by changing your diet and by training yourself to swallow less air. There are also prescription and over-the-counter medications that can help. Changing your diet will mean getting rid of the foods that cause gas. Unfortunately, this may also result in you having fewer nutritious foods. Ask your doctor to help you build a diet that's healthy but doesn't cause much gas.


Question: How do you make gas?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You make gas in two ways: when you swallow air, and when the bacteria in your large intestine help digest your food. Undigested food moves from the small intestine to the large intestine. Once it gets there, the bacteria go to work, making hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane, which then leave your body.


Question: What are over-the-counter medications for gas?

Answer: Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system.


Question: What are symptoms of gas?

Answer: You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated. You could also have pain in your belly or sides. That pain could be mistaken for something else, like a heart attack or appendicitis.


Question: Can urinary catheters cause bladder spasms?

Answer: These can happen if your bladder tries to push out the catheter. Medicine can help.


Question: Does testosterone replacement therapy have side effects?

Answer: TRT has side effects, which may include: Acne and oily skin Lower sperm count, which can cause infertility Increased risk of blood clots Shrinkage of the testicles Larger breasts Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Guidelines from the Endocrine Society say you should not have TRT if you have prostate cancer or breast cancer.


Question: How is carbamazepine used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Carbamazepine ( Tegretol): This antiseizure drug has been used to treat mania since the 1970s. Its possible value for treating bipolar depression, or preventing future highs and lows, is less well-established. Blood tests to monitor liver functioning and white blood cell counts also are periodically necessary.


Question: How are benzodiazepines used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.


Question: How are antidepressants used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Antidepressants Seroquel and Seroquel XR are the only medications FDA-approved specifically for bipolar II depression. Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) are also sometimes used in bipolar II depression, and are thought to be less likely to cause or worsen hypomania than is the case in bipolar I disorder. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. Because bipolar II disorder typically involves recurrent episodes, continuous and ongoing treatment with medicines is often recommended for relapse prevention.


Question: How is bipolar II disorder different from other types of bipolar disorder?

Answer: People with bipolar I disorder experience full mania -- a severe, abnormally elevated mood with erratic behavior. Manic symptoms lead to serious disruptions in life, causing legal or major personal problems. In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. Hypomania in bipolar II is a milder form of mood elevation. However, the depressive episodes of bipolar II disorder are often longer-lasting and may be even more severe than in bipolar I disorder. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.


Question: How is lamotrigine (Lamictal) used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Lamotrigine ( Lamictal): This drug is approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of adults with bipolar disorder. It has been found to help delay bouts of mood episodes of depression, mania, hypomania (a milder form of mania), and mixed episodes in people being treated with standard therapy. It is especially helpful in preventing lows.


Question: How are antipsychotics used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Antipsychotics By definition, hypomanic episodes do not involve psychosis and do not interfere with functioning. Antipsychotic drugs, such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), cariprazine ( Vraylar), quetiapine ( Seroquel), asenapine ( Saphris), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) and others, are nevertheless sometimes used in hypomania and some (notably, Seroquel) are used for depression in bipolar II disorder.


Question: Who is at risk for bipolar II disorder?

Answer: A Visual Guide to Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar II disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from some form of bipolar disorder - nearly 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first start. Nearly everyone with bipolar II disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.


Question: How is valproate (Depakote) used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure drug also works to level out moods. It has a more rapid onset of action than lithium, and it can also be used "off label" for prevention of highs and lows.


Question: What are hypomanic episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Symptoms during hypomanic episodes include: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Having exaggerated self confidence Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable) and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep People experiencing hypomanic episodes are often quite pleasant to be around. They can often seem like the "life of the party" -- making jokes, taking an intense interest in other people and activities, and infecting others with their positive mood. What's so bad about that, you might ask? Hypomania can also lead to erratic and unhealthy behavior. Hypomanic episodes can sometimes progress onward to full manias that affect a person's ability to function (bipolar I disorder). In mania, people might spend money they don't have, seek out sex with people they normally wouldn't, and engage in other impulsive or risky behaviors with the potential for dangerous consequences. The vast majority of people with bipolar II disorder experience more time with depressive than hypomanic symptoms. Depressions can occur soon after hypomania subsides, or much later. Some people cycle back and forth between hypomania and depression, while others have long periods of normal mood in between episodes. Untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.


Question: What are depressive episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks, months, or rarely years.


Question: What are some other antiseizure medications for bipolar II disorder?

Answer: They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.


Question: How is lithium used to treat bipolar II disorder?

Answer: Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is highly effective at controlling mood swings (particularly highs) in bipolar disorder. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for long-term treatment than for acute hypomanic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other laboratory tests (such as kidney and thyroid functioning) must be monitored periodically to avoid side effects.


Question: What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?

Answer: The stones cause no symptoms as they form, but if they reach a size that blocks the duct, saliva backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. You may feel the pain off and on, and it may get progressively worse. Inflammation and infection within the affected gland may follow.


Question: What are the risk factors for heel spurs?

Answer: Risk factors for heel spurs include: Walking gait abnormalities,which place excessive stress on the heel bone, ligaments, and nerves near the heel Running or jogging, especially on hard surfaces Poorly fitted or badly worn shoes, especially those lacking appropriate arch support Excess weight and obesity Other risk factors associated with plantar fasciitis include: Increasing age, which decreases plantar fascia flexibility and thins the heel's protective fat pad Diabetes Spending most of the day on one's feet Frequent short bursts of physical activity Having either flat feet or high arches Heel spurs often cause no symptoms.


Question: What are heel spurs?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A heel spur is a calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone. On an X-ray, a heel spur can extend forward by as much as a half-inch. Without visible X-ray evidence, the condition is sometimes known as "heel spur syndrome."


Question: What does the treatment for heel spurs include?

Answer: Treatments for heel spurs and associated conditions include exercise, custom-made orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and cortisone injections. If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary.


Question: What causes heel spurs?

Answer: Heel spurs occur when calcium deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone, a process that usually occurs over a period of many months. Heel spurs are often caused by strains on foot muscles and ligaments, stretching of the plantar fascia, and repeated tearing of the membrane that covers the heel bone. Heel spurs are especially common among athletes whose activities include large amounts of running and jumping.


Question: What surgical techniques are used to treat heel spurs?

Answer: Surgical techniques include: Release of the plantar fascia Removal of a spur Pre-surgical tests or exams are required to identify optimal candidates, and it's important to observe post-surgical recommendations concerning rest, ice, compression, elevation of the foot, and when to place weight on the operated foot.


Question: How can you prevent heel spurs?

Answer: You can prevent heel spurs by wearing well-fitting shoes with shock-absorbent soles, rigid shanks, and supportive heel counters; choosing appropriate shoes for each physical activity; warming up and doing stretching exercises before each activity; and pacing yourself during the activities. Avoid wearing shoes with excessive wear on the heels and soles. If you are overweight, losing weight may also help prevent heel spurs.


Question: What over-the-counter medications can you take for heel spurs?

Answer: He or she may recommend conservative treatments such as: Stretching exercises Shoe recommendations Taping or strapping to rest stressed muscles and tendons Shoe inserts or orthotic devices Physical therapy Night splints Heel pain may respond to treatment with over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil), or naproxen ( Aleve). In many cases, a functional orthotic device can correct the causes of heel and arch pain such as biomechanical imbalances. In some cases, injection with a corticosteroid may be done to relieve inflammation in the area.


Question: What causes acne?

Answer: The exact cause of acne is not known, but one important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens. These male sex hormones increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Some things that can make acne worse include friction caused by leaning on or rubbing the skin, harsh scrubbing, picking or squeezing blemishes, and emotional stress. Acne is not caused by chocolate or other kinds of foods.


Question: Does prickly pear cactus affect other medications?

Answer: If you take any medications regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using prickly pear cactus supplements. Since prickly pear cactus affects blood sugar levels, it may not be safe if you're taking diabetes drugs.


Question: Is prickly pear cactus safe to eat?

Answer: As a food, prickly pear cactus seems to be safe. It may cause minor side effects, such as: Upset stomach Diarrhea Bloating Headache Risks.


Question: What should you ask your doctor before you take supplements?

Answer: Ask your doctor whether you need the supplement based on your current diet and health. Also ask what benefits and risks the supplement can have, how much to take, and for how long you should take it. Make sure your doctor and pharmacist know exactly which supplements and medicines you're taking.


Question: Are supplements tested?

Answer: Some supplement ingredients have been tested in animal or human studies. For example, folic acid has been shown in studies to reduce the risk of birth defects in pregnant women. However, other supplement ingredients haven't been studied well, or at all. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market.


Question: What does the word "standardized" on a supplement label mean?

Answer: Standardized" means that manufacturers ensure every batch of their products is produced in a consistent way, with the same ingredients and same concentration of ingredients. It is usually a term that refers to extracts from plants (herbal medicines), which contain a specific percentage of active ingredient(s). The term âstandardizedâ does not necessarily reflect the quality of the product, however.


Question: How do you know if supplement claims are true?

Answer: Supplement makers are not allowed to claim their product diagnoses, treats, cures, reduces the symptoms of, or prevents disease -- and there needs to be a disclaimer statement to that effect on the label. Look for overblown claims on the label or box, such as "totally natural," "completely safe," or "miracle cure." If you're unsure about a product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Or, call the supplement manufacturer and ask them what studies they've done to support the claims they're making.


Question: What should you do if you have a problem from taking a dietary supplement?

Answer: You can reach the FDA at (800) FDA-1088, or go to www.fda.gov/medwatch to report a problem.


Question: How can you find a good quality supplement?

Answer: To be sure you're getting a good-quality product, look for a seal of approval from an organization that tests supplements such as the U. S. Pharmacopeia, Consumer Lab or NSF International. Products that carry these organizations' seal must be manufactured properly, contain the ingredients listed on the label, and not include any harmful contaminants. You can also call the product's manufacturer to find out what research they've done to confirm the supplement's benefits, what production standards they use, and what side effects have been reported from their product. Find out if the supplement hasn't been recalled, by checking the FDA's web site.


Question: What is a dietary supplement?

Answer: Dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, enzymes, amino acids, or other dietary ingredients. You take these products by mouth in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form to supplement your diet.


Question: What is a "proprietary blend" supplement?

Answer: A "proprietary blend" is a combination of ingredients used exclusively by one supplement manufacturer. No other company produces the exact same combination of ingredients, and, in most cases, it is difficult to know from the label the exact amounts of each of the ingredients in that blend.


Question: Does the FDA regulate dietary supplements?

Answer: The FDA does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. "


Question: What causes body odor?

Answer: Sweat by itself is basically odorless. But when the bacteria that live on your skin mix with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink. Washing thoroughly, especially the areas where you tend to sweat, can help with body odor.


Question: Can using antibacterial soap help with body odor?

Answer: But when the bacteria that live on your skin mix with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink. Washing thoroughly, especially the areas where you tend to sweat, can help with body odor. Washing thoroughly with an antibacterial soap bar will help get rid of some bacteria, which can help with the odor. Look for the word "antibacterial" on the soap's packaging.


Question: What are symptoms of Powassan?

Answer: Most Powassan infections are mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do, they'll show up a week to a month after you were bitten and may include: Fever Headache Vomiting Weakness Confusion, memory problems Trouble walking and talking Seizures See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and might have been exposed to ticks. Call 911 or go to an emergency room for severe symptoms.


Question: What are treatments for Powassan?

Answer: Although no specific drug or procedure treats Powassan, and many cases are mild, doctors have ways to manage symptoms. If yours are severe, you might need to go to a hospital to get care, such as: Breathing support Fluids through a vein ( IV) Medicine to bring down swelling in the brain The best way to protect yourself from Powassan and other tick-borne diseases is to avoid tick bites: Stay out of wooded or grassy areas whenever you can.


Question: How is Powassan diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will ask you questions like these: What symptoms do you have? When did they start? Could you have been exposed to ticks? You might need tests of your blood and spinal fluid to check for antibodies that your immune system makes to fight the Powassan virus.


Question: What antidepressants can cause serotonin syndrome?

Answer: The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants, which work by increasing serotonin, are the serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs). These include citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft).


Question: What other prescription and over-the-counter drugs can lead to serotonin syndrome?

Answer: Other prescription and over-the-counter drugs that can raise serotonin levels alone or in combination to cause serotonin syndrome include: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs), a class of antidepressants including desvenlafaxine ( Khedezla), desvenlafaxine succinate ( Pristiq), duloxetine ( Cymbalta), levomilnacipran ( Fetzima), and venlafaxine ( Effexor). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), a class of antidepressants including isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), tranylcypromine ( Parnate), and transdermal selegiline ( EMSAM) Buspirone ( Bu Spar), a drug used to treat anxiety disorders Desyrel ( Trazodone ), a drug prescribed for depression or insomnia Migraine treatments such as almotriptan ( Axert), Amerge (naratriptan), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Certain pain medications, including fentanyl ( Sublimaze, Fentora), fentanyl citrate ( Actiq), meperidine ( Demerol), pentazocine ( Talwin), and tramadol ( Ultram) Dextromethorphan , a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter and prescription cough medicines or cold medicines Certain medications prescribed for nausea, such as granisetron ( Kytril), metoclopramide ( Reglan), and ondansetron ( Zofran) Antidepressants that affect multiple serotonin receptors, such as vortioxetine ( Trintellix -formerly Brintellix) and vilazodone ( Viibryd) Some illegal drugs, such as LSD and cocaine, and dietary supplements, including St. John's wort and ginseng, can also lead to serotonin syndrome when combined with antidepressants that affect serotonin.


Question: What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Serotonin syndrome symptoms often begin within hours of taking a new medication that affects serotonin levels or excessively increasing the dose of one you are already taking. Symptoms may include: Confusion Agitation or restlessness Dilated pupils Headache Changes in blood pressure and/or temperature Nausea and/or vomiting Diarrhea Rapid heart rate Tremor Loss of muscle coordination or twitching muscles Shivering and goose bumps Heavy sweating In severe cases, serotonin syndrome can be life threatening.


Question: How is serotonin syndrome treated?

Answer: People with serotonin syndrome are typically hospitalized for observation and treatment of symptoms. For example, benzodiazepines are given to treat agitation and/or seizures. Intravenous fluids are given to maintain hydration. Removing the drug responsible for the serotonin syndrome is critical. Hydration by intravenous ( IV) fluids) is also common. In severe cases, a medication called cyproheptadine ( Periactin) that blocks serotonin production may be used.


Question: What role does illegal drugs play in serotonin syndrome?

Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), a class of antidepressants including isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), tranylcypromine ( Parnate), and transdermal selegiline ( EMSAM) Buspirone ( Bu Spar), a drug used to treat anxiety disorders Desyrel ( Trazodone ), a drug prescribed for depression or insomnia Migraine treatments such as almotriptan ( Axert), Amerge (naratriptan), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Certain pain medications, including fentanyl ( Sublimaze, Fentora), fentanyl citrate ( Actiq), meperidine ( Demerol), pentazocine ( Talwin), and tramadol ( Ultram) Dextromethorphan , a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter and prescription cough medicines or cold medicines Certain medications prescribed for nausea, such as granisetron ( Kytril), metoclopramide ( Reglan), and ondansetron ( Zofran) Antidepressants that affect multiple serotonin receptors, such as vortioxetine ( Trintellix -formerly Brintellix) and vilazodone ( Viibryd) Some illegal drugs, such as LSD and cocaine, and dietary supplements, including St. John's wort and ginseng, can also lead to serotonin syndrome when combined with antidepressants that affect serotonin. The FDA recently asked drug manufacturers to include warning labels on their products to let patients know about the potential risk of serotonin syndrome. If you are uncertain about drugs you take or have been prescribed, check the label or speak with your doctor. Don't stop any medication before talking to your doctor.


Question: What causes serotonin syndrome?

Answer: If you experience any of these symptoms, you or someone with you should seek medical attention immediately: High fever Seizures Irregular heartbeat Unconsciousness Serotonin syndrome can occur if you are taking medications, particularly antidepressants that affect the body's level of serotonin. The greatest risk of serotonin syndrome occurs if you are taking two or more drugs and/or supplements together that influence serotonin. The condition is more likely to occur when you first start a medicine or increase the dose.


Question: When should I seek medical attention for serotonin syndrome?

Answer: Symptoms may include: Confusion Agitation or restlessness Dilated pupils Headache Changes in blood pressure and/or temperature Nausea and/or vomiting Diarrhea Rapid heart rate Tremor Loss of muscle coordination or twitching muscles Shivering and goose bumps Heavy sweating In severe cases, serotonin syndrome can be life threatening. If you experience any of these symptoms, you or someone with you should seek medical attention immediately: High fever Seizures Irregular heartbeat Unconsciousness Serotonin syndrome can occur if you are taking medications, particularly antidepressants that affect the body's level of serotonin.


Question: What if I never want to cook during chemotherapy?

Answer: Plan ahead and keep your pantry stocked with easy-to-prepare foods. On days you feel well enough to cook, make extra portions and freeze them for later. Ask friends and family to help you shop and prepare meals, or consider getting your meals delivered.


Question: How can I make myself eat more during meals during chemotherapy?

Answer: Make mealtimes an event. You tend to eat more when you're distracted. Eat while you watch TV or listen to music. Or invite a friend over to keep you company during meals.


Question: Is it bad to eat unhealthy foods during chemotherapy?

Answer: Eat your favorite foods. Your appetite, and the foods that appeal to you, can change from day to day. It's OK to eat high-fat, high-calorie foods you normally try to stay away from, or to eat, say, breakfast foods for dinner. For now, eat what sounds good, when it sounds good.


Question: What if I never want to eat big meals during chemotherapy?

Answer: Try small meals. Many people who get chemo find they have more of an appetite when they eat every few hours. Try having six to eight small meals a day rather than three big ones.


Question: What if drinking water for chemotherapy is making me less hungry?

Answer: Sip liquids throughout the day. Staying hydrated helps your body get rid of toxins, but drinking too much at once can make you too full to eat. Try to drink most of your fluids between meals, rather than during. It's best to make sure you get plenty of water.


Question: Can a specialist help me with eating during chemotherapy?

Answer: Try foods you've never eaten before, so you won't notice if they taste âoff.â Get help from an expert. Ask your doctor about seeing a registered dietitian. She can make an eating plan, suggest vitamins and supplements, and help you deal with side effects.


Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I exercise to normalize my bowel movement?

Answer: It's a great way to get your digestive tract going.


Question: If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I use stool softeners to normalize my bowel movement?

Answer: But only if your doctor says it's OK.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have diarrhea?

Answer: It usually happens because of allergies or sensitivity to spicy foods or dairy products, bad water or food, a change in activity level, or an infection. Diarrhea can also signal another problem. If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. In some cases, she may tell you to see a doctor who specializes in treating bowel problems, called a gastroenterologist.


Question: What are some struggles with having multiple sclerosis and bowel problems?

Answer: If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), your bathroom habits may not be what they used to be. You might have bowel movements a lot more, not as much, or it may be harder to go. Talk to your doctor about these troubles. She can suggest ways to make things regular. But there are also simple ways to adjust your habits to make bathroom visits more predictable.


Question: How does exercise get bowel movements back to normal?

Answer: It's a great way to get your digestive tract going.


Question: How does drinking more fluids get bowel movements back to normal if you have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You might be tempted to cut back on it if your MS gives you bladder problems. But that makes constipation worse. Make your first beverage of the day something hot, such as hot water or apple cider, or drink 1/2 to 1 cup of prune juice in the morning to get things moving.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have constipation?

Answer: It's very common for people with MS. The disease can interrupt the messages nerves send to and from the brain that signal that it's time for a bowel movement. MS can also keep pelvic floor muscles from relaxing, which helps your body get rid of stool. Also, it can stop the natural increase in activity of your colon after you eat.


Question: What should I expect when changing chemotherapy drugs?

Answer: After a change, you may notice a difference in your energy levels, appetite, pain, or overall health. Talk to your doctor about how you feel -- he can help you manage your symptoms in the safest way possible.


Question: What if my cancer is spreading during chemotherapy?

Answer: If you take certain chemotherapy, but your cancer still gets to a more advanced stage, your doctor may switch to another treatment. This can keep your cancer from spreading further.


Question: What if my chemotherapy treatment is too expensive?

Answer: If you get bills that you can't afford, you might be able to switch to a less expensive treatment.


Question: Can a bad reaction to chemotherapy cause a change in treatment?

Answer: Chemo can cause side effects -- vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and more -- that can be hard to handle. If the treatment is your best chance at a cure, your doctor will probably strongly recommend you stick with it, even if it's hard on you. Sometimes, though, side effects can become too dangerous to keep up the treatment. Some chemo can cause very low levels of blood cells and raise your chance of having an infection. You could also have an allergic reaction to a specific drug. In these cases, your doctor might suggest spacing out your sessions or trying a different medication.


Question: Will changing my chemotherapy drugs cause new side effects?

Answer: Different treatments can have different side effects, so a new treatment plan can often help you feel better. Of course, it may also have side effects of its own, which you should discuss with your doctor. For example, nausea and vomiting are more common with some drugs than others. If you're switching to a drug that's known for this, you might get more medications to keep you from feeling sick.


Question: Is it okay to switch chemo drugs in the plan for chemotherapy?

Answer: Your doctor planned the switch ahead of time. Sometimes your plan includes two different chemo drugs, one after the other. Your doctor will tell you about this early on so you'll know when to expect it.


Question: How can you tell if you have heartburn or a heart attack?

Answer: Chest pain is one of the most common reasons to go to the emergency room. While many of these people are having a heart attack, some folks may have severe heartburn. Often, the pain from a heart attack and a severe heartburn episode is so hard to tell apart that doctors need sophisticated tests to figure out what's going on. To complicate things even more, heartburn and heart attacks have many of the same symptoms and happen in similar types of people, such as those who are older or overweight.


Question: How is heartburn diagnosed?

Answer: But they may ask you to take special tests to find out how severe the problem is or to keep an eye on your treatment.


Question: How can removing spinal fluid help with papilledema?

Answer: Removing some spinal fluid often eases the pressure and symptoms. Sometimes, just the fluid needed for testing is enough to make a difference.


Question: What is the link between papilledema and being overweight?

Answer: The exact link to being overweight isn't clear. It's possible that belly fat increases pressure in the chest and starts a chain reaction to the brain.


Question: Can treatment cure papilledema?

Answer: Unless your doctor finds a specific cause and you treat it successfully, papilledema can return.


Question: How can pain relievers help with papilledema?

Answer: You can take a pain reliever for your headaches. Topiramate ( Topamax), used for migraines and seizures, also helps some people lose weight and lowers the pressure inside the skull.


Question: What medications can cause papilledema?

Answer: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH).


Question: How is mild vision loss in papilledema treated?

Answer: For mild vision loss, treatment is usually to lose weight and take a diuretic (water pill) called acetazolamide. This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.


Question: What are two categories of dwarfism?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are two main categories of dwarfism -- disproportionate and proportionate. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by an average-size torso and shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs. In proportionate dwarfism, the body parts are in proportion but shortened.


Question: What is spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) and what are its features?

Answer: A less common form of dwarfism, SED affects approximately one in 95,000 babies. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia refers to a group of conditions characterized by a shortened trunk, which may not become apparent until a child is between ages 5 and 10. Other features can include: club feet cleft palate severe osteoarthritis in the hips weak hands and feet barrel-chested appearance Diastrophic dysplasia.


Question: What is diastrophic dysplasia, and what are its features?

Answer: A rare form of dwarfism, diastrophic dysplasia occurs in about one in 100,000 births. People who have it tend to have shortened forearms and calves (this is known as mesomelic shortening). Other signs can include deformed hands and feet limited range of motion cleft palate ears with a cauliflower appearance Skeletal dysplasia is caused by a genetic mutation.


Question: What are the causes of dwarfism?

Answer: Dwarfism can be caused by any of more than 200 conditions. Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic. Skeletal dysplasias are conditions of abnormal bone growth that cause disproportionate dwarfism.


Question: How is dwarfism diagnosed?

Answer: Some forms of dwarfism are evident in utero, at birth or during infancy and can be diagnosed through X-rays and a physical exam. A diagnosis of achondroplasia, diastrophic dysplasia, or spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia can be confirmed through genetic testing. In some cases, prenatal testing is done if there is concern for specific conditions.


Question: What are signs of dwarfism  in children?

Answer: Sometimes dwarfism doesn't become evident until later in a child's life, when dwarfism signs lead parents to seek a diagnosis. Here are signs and symptoms to look for in children that indicate a potential for dwarfism: a larger head late development of certain motor skills, such as sitting up or walking breathing problems curvature of the spine bowed legs joint stiffness and arthritis lower back pain or numbness in the legs crowding of teeth Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or lessen some of the problems associated with dwarfism.


Question: What is the most common form of dwarfism, and what are its features?

Answer: The most common form of dwarfism, achondroplasia occurs in about one out of 26,000 to 40,000 babies and is evident at birth. People with achondroplasia have a relatively long trunk and shortened upper parts of their arms and legs. Other features of achondroplasia include: a large head with a prominent forehead a flattened bridge of the nose protruding jaw crowded and misaligned teeth forward curvature of the lower spine bowed legs flat, short, broad feet "double-jointedness" Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias ( SED).


Question: How is high blood pressure linked to obesity?

Answer: As your heart beats, it pumps blood through the walls of your arteries. This creates a force, or pressure. If this pressure is too high and goes unchecked for too long, it can damage other organs, such as your kidneys or brain. High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. But it also can change, for the better, as you start to take the weight off.


Question: How does being overweight lead to sleep apnea?

Answer: When you're overweight, extra fat around your neck could narrow your airway and also affect your breathing. You might not know that this is happening. If you feel tired a lot and don't feel more rested after you try simple things like going to bed earlier, tell your doctor. She may send you to a specialist to find out if you have sleep apnea. If you do, there are treatments. And again, it could get better as you lose weight.


Question: What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer: People over 40 who are overweight are most at risk for this disease. But younger people -- even kids and teens -- also get it, and extra pounds make it more likely. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body's blood sugar level is too high.


Question: Is cancer linked to obesity?

Answer: But they do know that fat feeds the growth of existing cancer cells. Of course, people who aren't overweight can get cancer, too. So just like anyone else, it's important for you to keep up with any cancer tests that your doctor recommends.


Question: How does L-carnitine interact with other medicines?

Answer: If you take any medicines regularly, you must talk to your doctor before you start using L-carnitine supplements. They could interact with many drugs such as antibiotics for infections.


Question: What foods have carnitine in them?

Answer: A 4-ounce beef steak has an estimated 56 mg to 162 mg of carnitine. Carnitine is also found in smaller amounts in chicken, milk and dairy products, fish, beans, and avocado. Vegans tend to get less carnitine from foods, but their bodies usually produce enough anyway.


Question: What do doctors typically recommend for people with nasal allergies?

Answer: Nasal steroid sprays are available over the counter or by prescription. They are one of the first treatments recommended for nasal allergies. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24 HR, and Rhinocort are available over the counter. Examples of prescription steroid nasal sprays include Beconase, Dymista, Nasarel, Nasonex, Qnasl, Vancenase, Veramyst, and Zetonna. How steroid nasal sprays work: These drugs decrease inflammation within the nasal passages, thereby relieving nasal symptoms.


Question: Does insurance cover eyelid surgery?

Answer: Health insurance companies typically don't cover cosmetic procedures. If you're getting eyelid surgery for a medical reason (for instance, because your eyelids are drooping so much that it affects your vision), and if a vision test confirms that, your insurance company may cover it. Check on that before you get the surgery so you know exactly what you will pay.