Question: What is the treatment for trichotillomania?

Answer: People who have trichotillomania have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, usually from their scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. A doctor might refer someone who has symptoms of trichotillomania to a psychiatrist or psychologist, who can interview the person and see if they might have an impulse control disorder. The main treatment for trichotillomania is a type of behavior therapy called habit reversal training. Basically, this means replacing a bad habit with something else that's not harmful. With this approach, people with trichotillomania first learn to identify when and where they have the urge to pull hair. They also learn to relax and do something else, that doesn't hurt them, as a way to help ease tension when they feel the urge to pull their hair. Therapy can also address any unhelpful thinking that might be adding to the stress that triggers the behavior. Medication may also be part of the treatment program. A type of antidepressant called a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI) might be useful in helping to curb very intense urges. Atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine or aripiprazole also may sometimes be used, either alone or in combination with an SSRI.


Question: Can trichotillomania be prevented?

Answer: People who have trichotillomania have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair, usually from their scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. A doctor might refer someone who has symptoms of trichotillomania to a psychiatrist or psychologist, who can interview the person and see if they might have an impulse control disorder. There is no proven way to prevent trichotillomania, but getting treatment as soon as symptoms start can be a big help. Learning stress management is also a good idea, since stress often triggers the hair-pulling behavior.


Question: What makes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol so good?

Answer: Good cholesterol, bad cholesterol: what's the difference? Is there a "naughty and nice" list for cholesterol? HDL is short for high-density lipoprotein. The HDL cholesterol particle is dense compared to other types of cholesterol particles, so it's called high-density. It provides stability in every cell of your body. Each lipoprotein has its own preferences for cholesterol, and each acts differently with the cholesterol it carries.


Question: How does high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol reduce the risk for heart disease?

Answer: As it does, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn't belong. High HDL levels reduce the risk for heart disease -- but low levels increase the risk. HDL cholesterol acts as a maintenance crew for the inner walls (endothelium) of blood vessels. Damage to the inner walls is the first step in the process of atherosclerosis, which causes heart attacks and strokes. HDL scrubs the wall clean and keeps it healthy A cholesterol test or lipid panel tells the level of HDL cholesterol.


Question: How does cholesterol travel through the bloodstream?

Answer: Each bit of HDL cholesterol is a microscopic blob that consists of a rim of lipoprotein surrounding a cholesterol center. HDL reduces, reuses, and recycles LDL cholesterol by transporting it to the liver where it can be reprocessed.


Question: Is cholesterol the only thing that leads to heart disease?

Answer: Remember that multiple factors besides cholesterol contribute to heart disease. People with normal HDL cholesterol can have heart disease. Overall, though, people who have low HDL cholesterol will have greater risk of developing heart disease than people with high HDL levels.


Question: What are good levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol?

Answer: HDL scrubs the wall clean and keeps it healthy A cholesterol test or lipid panel tells the level of HDL cholesterol. What do the numbers mean? HDL cholesterol levels less than 40 mg/d L are low. That's not so good. In general, people with high HDL are at lower risk for heart disease. People with low HDL are at higher risk.


Question: Will my doctor suggest medications to improve my high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level?

Answer: If your HDL is low, you can take several steps to boost your HDL level and reduce your heart disease risk: Exercise . Diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and genetics are all important as well. Because so many factors contribute to heart disease, cholesterol isn't everything.


Question: How can you treat bipolar spectrum disorders?

Answer: Although these disorders do not meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar illness, some psychiatrists believe they have something important in common with people with bipolar disorder. These medications are typically anti-seizure medications or antipsychotic medications. Examples include: Lithium Lamictal (lamotrigine) Depakote (divalproex) Tegretol (carbamazepine) Abilify (aripiprazole) Risperdal (risperidone) In bipolar spectrum conditions, these mood stabilizers are generally used as add-on therapies after treating the main mental condition.


Question: What is the bipolar spectrum?

Answer: The bipolar spectrum is a term used to refer to conditions that include not only bipolar disorder as traditionally defined (that is, clear episodes of mania or hypomania as well as depressive syndromes) but also other types of mental conditions that can involve depression or mood swings without manic or hypomanic episodes -- including some impulse control disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and forms of substance abuse. That includes conditions such as major depressive disorder, impulse control disorders, or some personality disorders.


Question: What are common signs of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?

Answer: The most common signs are: Diarrhea that's watery, foul smelling, or bloody Dehydration Fever Nausea Pus in your stool Stomach cramps See your doctor if you've recently taken antibiotics and have diarrhea. You need medical help any time you have severe diarrhea with stomach cramps or blood or pus in your stool. The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast.


Question: How can I manage pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) at home?

Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis ( PMC) is inflammation in your colon that happens when there's too much of certain bacteria in your system. If you're dealing with PMC symptoms, drink plenty of fluids like water or watered-down fruit juice to help flush out your system. Eat soft foods that are easy to digest like applesauce, rice, or bananas. Avoid high-fiber foods like nuts, beans, and veggies. Eat several small meals during the day instead of a few large ones, and stay away from fried, spicy, or fatty foods. They can irritate your stomach and make your symptoms worse. Wash your hands regularly to keep C. diff from spreading and getting back into your system.


Question: What conditions can pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?

Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. These include: Cephalosporins ( Cephalexin, Suprax) Clindamycin ( Cleocin) Fluoroquinolones ( Cipro, Levaquin) Penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin) PMC also can be related to: Changes in your diet Chemotherapy Hirschsprung disease (a condition that affects your colon) Kidney disease or kidney failure Malnutrition Recent bowel surgery Shock To find out if you have PMC, you may need one of these tests: Blood test to check your white blood cell count Imaging tests, like an X-ray or CT scan of your lower belly (for serious cases) Stool sample test to check for bacteria in your colon You also may have a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which are exams that look inside your colon with a thin flexible tube.


Question: Who's at most risk for pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?

Answer: You're specifically at risk if you: Are over 65 Have been in an intensive-care unit ( ICU) Have burns on your body Have had a C-section or surgeries of the GI tract Have kidney problems Diseases of the colon such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer Use chemotherapy drugs Use of drugs called proton-pump inhibitors, which lessen stomach acid Have had a previous C. diff infection It's rare for young children or infants to get PMC. The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast.


Question: What will you need if your pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is severe or keeps coming back?

Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. If your PMC is severe or keeps coming back, you may need: Extra rounds of antibiotics Fetal microbial transplant ( FMT), during which your doctor puts healthy stool from a donor into your system to help restore good bacteria Surgery to take out part of your colon (less than 1% of people with PMC need this.)


Question: Which antibiotics can help with treating pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)?

Answer: The good bacteria in your colon usually keep the amount of C. diff in your body under control, but antibiotics can kill the healthy bacteria and let C. diff grow too fast. These include: Fidaxomicin ( Dificid) Metronidazole ( Flagyl) Vancomycin You take these medications by mouth, through a vein, or through a tube in your stomach.


Question: What is pericardial disease, and why is it sometimes linked to heart failure?

Answer: This is a problem with the heart muscle. It can fill with fluid as a result of chest injury, infection, heart attack,an endocrine issue (such as a thyroid issue), or autoimmune problems, as a result of cancer,. If it does, it taxes the heart and raises the odds of heart failure.


Question: What are side effects of an upper arm lift?

Answer: For the first 10 to 14 days after an arm lift, your arms will be quite swollen. There will be some temporary bruising, swelling, and numbness, but this usually disappears in time. The large arm scars will fade over time with the help of scar creams, massage, and silicone tape, but they will never completely go away. For some people, the scars can be noticeable. In rare cases, bleeding, infection, fluid build-up, permanent numbness of the inner arm, and asymmetry of the arms can occur.


Question: How does an upper arm lift work?

Answer: Each procedure is major surgery requiring extensive recovery. For the first 10 to 14 days after an arm lift, your arms will be quite swollen. You will need to wear supportive wraps for up to six weeks while the swelling improves. The surgical site can take up to one year to fully heal. During the procedure, the surgeon makes cuts underneath the buttock area, where the surgical scar won't be noticeable. Then, the surgeon removes excess skin and fat. All this is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning no overnight stay.


Question: How does a buttock lift work?

Answer: Each procedure is major surgery requiring extensive recovery. During the procedure, the surgeon makes cuts underneath the buttock area, where the surgical scar won't be noticeable. Then, the surgeon removes excess skin and fat. To improve the buttocks' overall look, the surgeon may also do liposuction. All this is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning no overnight stay. But gradually, as the surgical cuts heal, you can get back to normal activity, including sitting down.


Question: What are the cons to using estrogen replacement therapy pills?

Answer: On its own, estrogen causes a slight increase in the risk of strokes, blood clots, and other problems. When combined with the hormone progestin, the risks of breast cancer and heart attack may rise as well. Oral estrogen -- like any estrogen therapy -- can also cause side effects. These include painful and swollen breasts, vaginal discharge, headache, and nausea. Because oral estrogen can be hard on the liver, people with liver damage should not take it. Instead, they should choose a different way of getting estrogen. Estrogen is also sometimes not well absorbed, especially if you take certain medicines or have stomach problems. It may also increase your cholesterol, because it is metabolized in the liver. Estrogen gels, creams, and sprays have not been well-studied.


Question: What are the pros to using estrogen replacement therapy patches?

Answer: While estrogen pills can be dangerous for people with liver problems, patches are OK, because the estrogen bypasses the liver and goes directly into the blood. A 2007 study also showed that the patch does not pose a risk of blood clots in postmenopausal women like oral estrogen does, though more studies are needed before making definitive conclusions on whether patches are safer than pills. Right now, all estrogens carry the same black-box warning with respect to clot formation. As with patches, this type of estrogen treatment is absorbed through the skin directly into the bloodstream. Estrogel is applied on one arm, from the wrist to the shoulder. Like patches, some of these treatments might be more convenient than taking a pill each day.


Question: What are the cons to using estrogen replacement therapy patches?

Answer: Because oral estrogen can be hard on the liver, people with liver damage should not take it. While some experts believe that estrogen patches may be safer than oral estrogen in other ways, it's too early to know. So, for now, assume that estrogen patches pose most of the same risks -- a very small increase in the risk of serious problems, like cancer and stroke. They also have many similar -- although perhaps milder -- side effects. These include painful and swollen breasts, vaginal discharge, headache, and nausea. So don't use tanning beds or saunas while you're wearing an estrogen patch.


Question: What are the treatments for keratoacanthoma?

Answer: Your doctor will have to remove a large-enough piece so the pathologist can see the shape of the tumor with its distinctive crater. It's the most common type of multiple keratoacanthoma.


Question: What conditions are related to keratoacanthoma?

Answer: The most common treatment is surgery to remove the keratoacanthoma. There can be so many that doctors can't remove them all with surgery. Ferguson- Smith. This can cause as many as 100 keratoacanthomas at one time. It's a condition you can get through your genes and may start as early as age 8. You may take retinoid medicine to try to reduce the number of additional tumors. Grzybowski syndrome is even more rare. It causes tumors that are smaller but itch intensely. They may even show up in the mouth.


Question: What happens when I don't raise my blood sugar in time?

Answer: If you don't treat it in time, it can lead to insulin shock, which can cause you to have a seizure or pass out. Talk to your doctor about whether you need a prescription for a glucagon kit. Glucagon is a hormone you can inject that releases stored glucose into your bloodstream. It can raise your blood sugar if you can't eat or drink.


Question: Who should I tell about my diabetes?

Answer: Prepare for an emergency. Your family members, co-workers, and friends you see often need to be able to help you. Tell them your symptoms of low blood sugar and what types and amounts of food they can give you. If you have emergency glucagon, they should learn how to inject it into your arm, bottom, or thigh, or know to call 911 if you pass out.


Question: How can I raise my blood sugar?

Answer: Always carry quick-sugar foods with you. To raise your blood sugar quickly back to a safe level, you'll need to eat 15 grams of simple carbohydrates. If you don't feel better after you eat and your blood sugar is still low, eat another 15 grams of a quick-sugar food, then retest your glucose. If your next meal is an hour or more away, you'll need to have another snack to keep your blood sugar from dipping again.


Question: How do I know if I have low blood sugar?

Answer: It's called hypoglycemia, and it can happen when your body has too much insulin, or too little food or sugar, called glucose. If you don't treat it in time, it can lead to insulin shock, which can cause you to have a seizure or pass out. You might feel shaky, sweaty, or get a pounding heart. If you don't raise your blood sugar in time, there's a chance you may go into insulin shock, which can be dangerous.


Question: Can I get low blood sugar levels while I manage my diabetes?

Answer: You still could get low blood sugar levels. It's called hypoglycemia, and it can happen when your body has too much insulin, or too little food or sugar, called glucose. You might feel shaky, sweaty, or get a pounding heart. You could notice that you're grumpy or upset. It can raise your blood sugar if you can't eat or drink.


Question: Who gets interstitial lung disease?

Answer: Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: Interstitial lung disease that's often present with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma). Interstitial lung disease can usually be seen on a CT scan.


Question: What is metastatic melanoma?

Answer: You may also hear your doctor refer to it as stage IV melanoma. When? And what type?


Question: What drugs are used in immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma?

Answer: This test uses radioactive material to look for signs of cancer. These can help some people, depending on the size and location of the cancer. It can also be used for late-stage melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery. Ipilimumab is often used in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor. Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) work by inhibiting the PD-1 protein on cells, which blocks the body's immune system from attacking melanoma tumors. Combination therapy with ipilimumab and either nivolumab or pembrolizumab has been shown to increase overall survival compared to treating with ipilimumab alone.


Question: What should you expect if you have metastatic melanoma?

Answer: So find support and learn about your treatment options. Although metastatic melanoma is not easy to treat, you do have options.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose metastatic melanoma?

Answer: Have you been diagnosed with melanoma before? This uses radiation in low doses to make pictures of the inside of your body. CT scan (computerized tomography). It uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your body. It helps show blood flow and can help locate cancer growths. PET scan.


Question: What are the goals of treatment for metastatic melanoma?

Answer: You can get the disease on parts of your body that don't get sunlight, though, like the palms of your hands and the retinas of your eyes. Stop it from spreading to new areas. Make you more comfortable.


Question: How is metastatic melanoma diagnosed?

Answer: Have you been diagnosed with melanoma before? You usually get one of three types: Punch biopsy. Excisional biopsy. Your doctor takes out the entire growth. A doctor will look at the growth under a microscope to see how thick it is. Usually, a thicker tumor means the cancer is more serious. Your doctor can help you find a cancer support group.


Question: What educational background is necessary to be an occupational therapist for ADHD?

Answer: Are you certified and licensed to practice in this state? Occupational therapists use a technique called sensory integrative therapy to help kids with ADHD who have sensory processing disorder.


Question: What is sensory therapy for kids with ADHD?

Answer: The occupational therapist might also test your child for something called sensory processing disorder. In this technique, the therapist helps to reorganize the child's sensory system, using: Deep pressure, such as massage or the use of a weighted vest or blanket Rhythmic, repetitive movements such as on a swing, trampoline, or exercise ball Different textures for the child to touch Listening therapy to help with sensitivity to sounds Sensory therapy can be part of an overall treatment for ADHD that includes medicine and behavior therapy. The research on sensory processing disorder is still new. There is some evidence that this technique can help improve issues like impulsivity and hyperactivity. But most experts think occupational therapy is best for help in treating weaknesses in coordination and organization, which children with ADHD often have.


Question: Should I avoid certain foods or medicines during heart pump medication for heart failure?

Answer: This helps make sure the dose is accurate. Tell your doctor or nurse right away the first time any of these side effects happen: Headache Increased heart rate High blood pressure Nausea Vomiting Shortness of breath Faintness, dizziness, or lightheadedness Mild leg cramps or tingling sensation If any of the following side effects happen, stop the infusion and call your doctor right away: Irregular, fast heartbeat (more than 120 beats per minute) Pain or swelling at your infusion site Fever of 101 F or higher Pump malfunction (then call the pharmacy immediately for a replacement) Yes.


Question: Should you keep taking heart pump drugs if you feel better?

Answer: If you are discharged from the hospital with an inotropic medication, a home health nurse will give you specific directions on how to care for your intravenous site, catheter, and infusion pump. Keep all appointments so your doctor can see how well the medicine is working.


Question: Should you avoid certain foods while taking heart pump medication?

Answer: This helps make sure the dose is accurate. Tell your doctor or nurse right away the first time any of these side effects happen: Headache Increased heart rate High blood pressure Nausea Vomiting Shortness of breath Faintness, dizziness, or lightheadedness Mild leg cramps or tingling sensation If any of the following side effects happen, stop the infusion and call your doctor right away: Irregular, fast heartbeat (more than 120 beats per minute) Pain or swelling at your infusion site Fever of 101 F or higher Pump malfunction (then call the pharmacy immediately for a replacement) Yes.


Question: How can you help with reading if your child has dyslexia?

Answer: There are all kinds of ways to support your child's reading. Try some of these ideas: Listen to audio books and have your child read along with them. Make sure he spends some time reading alone, both quietly and aloud. Re-read his favorite books. It may be a little boring for you, but it helps him learn. Take turns reading books aloud together. Talk about the stories you read together and ask questions like, â What do you think happens next?â Use schoolbooks, but you can also branch out into graphic novels and comic books, too. And don't forget that you need to read on your own, too. A lot of times, close enough is a huge success.


Question: How can you help your child at school if they have dyslexia?

Answer: Next, you'll want to work closely with your child's school to make sure all the right services and resources are in place. There should be a support team helping to create an Individualized Education Plan ( IEP) for your child. This will provide classroom accommodations and extra support to facilitate learning. You could ask about the qualifications of the teachers to support your child's learning and you may want to research schools designed for dyslexic students. The earlier you start, the better it will be for your child. You need to be firm about schoolwork and routine, but make sure to show constant love, support, and patience.


Question: What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: PTSD is a lasting consequence of traumatic ordeals that cause intense fear, helplessness, or horror, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, an accident, war, or natural disaster. Families of victims can also develop PTSD, as can emergency personnel and rescue workers. ', }, share: { suppress: false, title: ' Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) is a serious mental condition that requires treatment.


Question: What are the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer: Symptoms of PTSD most often begin within three months of the event. These may include flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares. They also may feel great distress when certain things remind them of the trauma, such as the anniversary date of the event. Avoiding: The person may avoid people, places, thoughts, or situations that may remind him or her of the trauma. This can lead to feelings of detachment and isolation from family and friends, as well as a loss of interest in activities that the person once enjoyed. Increased arousal: These include excessive emotions; problems relating to others, including feeling or showing affection; difficulty falling or staying asleep; irritability; outbursts of anger; difficulty concentrating; and being "jumpy" or easily startled. The person may also suffer physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea. Negative Cognitions and Mood: This refers to thoughts and feelings related to blame, estrangement, and memories of the traumatic event.


Question: Does the Ferber Method work for most parents in terms of getting their baby to sleep through the night?

Answer: Adopting this method might be difficult during the first few nights. Studies show that, even if parents make it through the first night or two, they usually find that enforcing sleep this way is too stressful. Many parents were not able to ignore their babies long enough or consistently enough for them to stop crying and eventually fall asleep on their own.


Question: What does childhood apraxia cause?

Answer: There are two forms of apraxia of speech -- acquired apraxia and childhood apraxia of speech. It is often accompanied by other language or cognitive deficits, which may cause: Limited vocabulary Grammatical problems Problems with coordination and fine motor skills Difficulties chewing and swallowing Clumsiness Acquired apraxia results from brain damage to those areas of the brain that control the ability to speak.


Question: How is apraxia diagnosed?

Answer: For instance, they may not be able to lick their lips or wink. Most experts, though, look for the presence of multiple, common apraxia symptoms. Both of these are indicative of other conditions and their presence would help rule out apraxia. For people with possible acquired apraxia, an MRI of the brain may be useful to determine the extent and location of any brain damage. Typically, a diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech cannot be made before a child's second birthday. Before this time, most children are unable to understand or perform the tasks needed to determine the presence of apraxia.


Question: What is apraxia?

Answer: People with orofacial apraxia are unable to voluntarily perform certain movements involving facial muscles. For instance, they may not be able to lick their lips or wink. Another form of apraxia affects a person's ability to intentionally move arms and legs. With apraxia of speech a person finds it difficult or impossible to move his or her mouth and tongue to speak. This happens, even though the person has the desire to speak and the mouth and tongue muscles are physically able to form words. There are two forms of apraxia of speech -- acquired apraxia and childhood apraxia of speech. Acquired apraxia can occur in people of all ages. Most children with apraxia of speech benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist three to five times a week.


Question: Does risk of ADHD increase if a parent or sibling has it?

Answer: There are genetic characteristics that seem to be passed down. If a parent has ADHD, a child has more than a 50% chance of having it. If an older sibling has it, a child has more than a 30% chance. Certain parts of the brain may be less active or smaller in children with ADHD than those without the disorder.


Question: What does impetigo look like?

Answer: The infection may continue to spread at the edges of the infected area or affect other areas of skin. This indicates ecthyma, a deeper form of skin infection that penetrates into the skin.


Question: What are tips to help food taste better with less salt?

Answer: You can teach your taste buds to enjoy less salty foods. Here are a few tips: Check food labels for the amount of salt in foods. Cook rice, pasta and hot cereals without salt. Cut back on instant or flavored rice, pasta, and cereal mixes, because they usually have added salt. A research study called the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH) showed that you can reduce your blood pressure by eating foods rich in grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products.


Question: What are tips to help me lose weight and prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Here are some tips to help you lose weight and get on the road to healthy eating: Choose foods high in fiber. In general, you should choose whole-grain instead of processed starches. Limit serving size. Keep a food diary. Exercise can also lower blood pressure.


Question: How does the chronic pain from fibromyalgia affect your life?

Answer: Fibromyalgia's chronic pain seems unending. The ongoing headaches, neck pain, aching joints, and painful tender points prevent sleep, causing you to awaken frequently at night. While you want to exercise and be active, you may suffer with foot pain, hip pain, knee pain, or other painful joints. For women with fibromyalgia who must take care of family members and work full-time, coping with pain is a challenge. If there is undiagnosed pain and no effective treatment or medication for the fibromyalgia, the overwhelming feelings can lead to irritability, exhaustion, anxiety, social isolation, and depression.


Question: How is cholesterol related to diabetes?

Answer: Diabetes can upset the balance between HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. People with diabetes tend to have LDL particles that stick to arteries and damage blood vessel walls more easily. People with diabetes tend to have low HDL and high triglyceride (another kind of blood fat) levels. Both of these boost the risk of heart and artery disease.


Question: How is cholesterol related to coronary heart disease?

Answer: If the cholesterol level is too high, cholesterol can build up in the walls of your arteries. Over time, this build-up -- called plaque -- causes hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis. This causes arteries to become narrowed, which slows the blood flow to the heart muscle. Reduced blood flow can result in angina (chest pain) or in a heart attack if a blood vessel gets blocked completely. High blood pressure is also linked to heart disease.


Question: What should you ask your doctor about bee stings?

Answer: If you're allergic, you may have a more serious reaction. If you're allergic to bee stings, ask your doctor if you should carry epinephrine shots with you. It's a way to very slowly get your body used to an allergen, so you won't have as bad a reaction if you're stung again.


Question: How do You prevent bee stings?

Answer: The riskiest symptoms to watch for are: Itching, hives, or swelling over a large part of your body -- not just where you got stung Face, throat or tongue starts to swell Trouble breathing Dizziness Stomach cramps Nausea or diarrhea If you have these symptoms, use an epinephrine shot ( Auvi- Q or Epi- Pen) if you carry them with you -- always have two on hand. Don't swat at or run from bees. Don't drink from open soda or cans. They attract bees. Cover outdoor garbage cans with tightly fitting lids. Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes and colognes and brightly colored clothing, which attract insects. Be careful when you do yard work. Wear socks, shoes, and gloves. Use screens on doors and windows. Keep car windows closed. Wear long pants and long sleeves outdoors.


Question: How does choline interact with other medicines?

Answer: So far, studies have not found that choline helps with other conditions. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: What is choline and what does it do?

Answer: Choline is an essential nutrient. Getting very low levels of choline can cause liver damage. But most people get enough choline in their diets. Although the scientific evidence is scanty, choline supplementation is used for liver disease, neurological diseases including depression, bodybuilding, and as a supplement in infant formula. Choline is found in many foods, including meat, liver, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, peas, spinach, and others. But the connection isn't clear.


Question: What are side effects of taking choline?

Answer: Side effects. These may include sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Choline may also make you smell "fishy." If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using choline supplements.


Question: How can you get choline?

Answer: Getting very low levels of choline can cause liver damage. Although the scientific evidence is scanty, choline supplementation is used for liver disease, neurological diseases including depression, bodybuilding, and as a supplement in infant formula.


Question: What are some precautions about taking choline?

Answer: Choline is an essential nutrient. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. These may include sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Choline may also make you smell "fishy."


Question: What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer: Usually, when you breathe in, oxygen moves through tiny air sacs in your lungs into your bloodstream. From there, it travels to organs in your body. IPF scar tissue is thick, like the scars you get on your skin after a cut. It slows oxygen flow from your lungs to your blood, which can keep your body from working as it should. Low oxygen levels and the stiff scar tissue make it hard to breathe. The scar tissue in your lungs makes it hard for your body to get oxygen, which puts a strain on your other organs.


Question: What other conditions can you get with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer: From there, it travels to organs in your body. IPF can raise your odds of getting other conditions, including: High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Heart attack Stroke Blood clots in your lungs Lung cancer Lung infections Ask your doctor what you can do to lower your chances of having these problems.


Question: What causes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer: But doctors don't know what causes IPF. That's what "idiopathic" means. You might be more likely to get IPF if you: Smoke cigarettes Breathe in wood or metal dust at work or home Have acid reflux disease Sometimes, IPF runs in families. Doctors think broken genes could cause the disease in some people. No one knows yet which specific genes may be involved. Some people with IPF need it only when they sleep or exercise.


Question: What is stachybotrys?

Answer: Better known as black mold, this one gets a lot of press. Black mold isn't rare, but it's also not very common. And it needs a lot of moisture to grow. So even if you have black-colored mold in your bathroom, it's not likely this one.


Question: Does mold cause lung cancer?

Answer: In fact, it's a pretty far stretch to find any connection at all. If you have PF for a long time, it can make you more likely to get lung cancer. Allergies are the most common health problem that mold causes. But there's no research that shows a definite link between its toxins and serious illness.


Question: What is aspergillus?

Answer: Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus. That doesn't mean it's not a concern, but it's often blamed without real proof. It can make you sick and damage your home.


Question: What is mold?

Answer: They thrive in warm, damp, humid places, indoors and out. They spread by making tiny spores, smaller than breadcrumbs, which float through the air to find new homes. Two of the more well-known types are Stachybotrys and Aspergillus.


Question: Can mold cause asthma?

Answer: Mold can cause health problems, especially allergies and asthma. Or chronic sinusitis, where your sinuses swell up and won't settle down.


Question: When should I go to the hospital for sporotrichosis?

Answer: The mold is found on rose thorns, hay, sphagnum moss, twigs, and soil. When to go to the hospital Sporotrichosis in the skin or lymph nodes should not be dangerous or life threatening. Open ulcers can become infected with bacteria and may cause a condition known as cellulitis. If a rapidly expanding area of redness, pain, and warmth around the original ulcers develops, you should go to your local emergency room.


Question: How is sporotrichosis infection in the bones and joints treated?

Answer: Sporotrichosis is an infection of the skin caused by a fungus, Sporothrix schenckii. It can be difficult to treat and may be life threatening. Ulcers should be kept clean and covered until they are healed. Treatment of sporotrichosis depends on the site infected. Itraconazole ( Sporanox) is often used as an initial medication for several months or even up to a year. Amphotericin is also used, but this drug can only be given through an IV. Amphotericin has more side effects and may need to be administered for many months. Surgery is sometimes needed to remove infected bone.


Question: How is hypothyroidism treated?

Answer: With subacute thyroiditis, there is generally a predictable pattern of how the thyroid functions. These are taken as pills. As your metabolism returns to normal, your doctor may adjust the dosage.


Question: What are stimulants for ADHD?

Answer: Stimulants are the most common treatment in children and teens. They help the brain control impulses and control behavior and attention. Kids with certain medical conditions shouldn't take stimulants. Make sure the doctor knows your child's medical history before he prescribes any medication. The doctor may prescribe this if your child doesn't do well with stimulants.


Question: Do omega-3 supplements help ADHD?

Answer: For some kids, they may be a better option than stimulants, but they're often used along with stimulants. There are several types of antidepressants.


Question: What causes Down syndrome?

Answer: Your genes hold the keys to how your body looks and works. But with Down syndrome, something goes wrong and you get an extra copy of chromosome 21. That means you have three copies instead of two, which leads to the signs and symptoms of Down syndrome.


Question: Can you outgrow Down syndrome?

Answer: Although it can't be cured, doctors know more about it now than ever. If your child has it, getting the right care early on can make a big difference in helping him live a full and meaningful life. Translocation Down syndrome.


Question: What supplies should you stock up on in case someone in your family catches a cold or the flu?

Answer: Be ready before cold and flu season starts. Load up on tissues, hand soap, hand sanitizer, and paper towels. Make sure it contains pain relievers, fever reducers, and any other medications you use when your family is fighting colds or the flu, like decongestants or cough syrups. Review the correct doses based on age and weight. Check to see if any medications overlap or interact. Test your thermometer to make sure the batteries still work. Clean your humidifier.


Question: How should everyone in your home wash their hands during cold and flu season?

Answer: Before the virus knocks you and your family out, try these tips to prepare for colds and flu. Load up on tissues, hand soap, hand sanitizer, and paper towels. Germy hands spread colds and the flu. Tell your family to scrub their hands well with soap for 20 seconds. Tell kids to wash for as long as it takes to sing " Happy Birthday" twice. Make sure you do it, too!


Question: How do I determine if I'm legally blind?

Answer: She'll measure your eyesight while you're wearing glasses or contact lenses. Your vision might fall below 20/200 without them. If it improves when you put on your glasses or contacts, you're not considered legally blind. Talk to your doctor about your concerns.


Question: What's the treatment for impotence after prostate cancer surgery?

Answer: After surgery or radiation, men may have impotence. Treatment for this side effect includes drugs such as sildenafil ( Revatio, Viagra), tadalafil ( Adcirca, Cialis), and vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn). Other treatments include teaching the man to perform a painless self-injection into the penis (of a drug called Caverject), or vacuum pumps. A penile prosthesis is only used when all other options have failed. Radiation to the pelvis may also be done if PSA levels rise after surgery.


Question: What are the treatments for prostate cancer?

Answer: If cancer is found, the doctor may do abdominal and pelvic X-rays to see if the cancer has spread outside of the prostate. Decisions about how to treat this cancer are complex, and it makes sense for men to seek a second opinion before making a treatment decision. Treatment may include watchful waiting, a single therapy, or some combination of radiation, surgery, hormone therapy, and less commonly chemotherapy. The choice depends on many things. Prostate cancer that hasn't spread usually can be cured with surgery or radiation.


Question: Does a high PSA level mean I have prostate cancer?

Answer: PSA levels in blood are higher if there is prostate cancer, making it a valuable tool in finding early prostate cancer. But PSA levels can also be high from infection or inflammation in the prostate or from an enlarged prostate. Watchful waiting means not treating it.


Question: What does a ketone test indicate?

Answer: But when you have diabetes, things can run out of control and you build up too many ketones in your blood. Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours. A ketone test uses a sample of either your pee or blood. You can also take this test at home or at your doctor's office. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones


Question: How can I bring down my ketone levels?

Answer: Call your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if they are very high. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones


Question: Can I get government financial help for medical costs if I have cancer?

Answer: Health plans* have to help pay for your cancer treatment. Both tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies are available to people with qualifying incomes. Check on healthcare.gov to find out.


Question: What health benefits for cancer must be covered in my health plan?

Answer: Health plans sold on state Marketplaces, through the individual market, and through small employers must cover mental health services. You may need some of these services as a cancer patient, including such services as: Chronic disease care Emergency care Hospital care Lab services Mental health services Outpatient treatment Prescription drug coverage Rehabilitation services Be aware that each state determines exactly what must be covered under these categories. Individual health plans may add to those minimum requirements. It's important to read the plan's summary of benefits to see what your costs will be before you enroll.


Question: What rights are given to people with cancer under the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: You have rights as a cancer patient under the Affordable Care Act: Your insurance cannot be canceled because you have cancer. You cannot be denied insurance if you have cancer. Children with cancer cannot be turned down for coverage. If you qualify and want to take part in a clinical trial, your health plan must help pay for routine costs associated with approved clinical trials. A trial may help you get new cancer treatments. You might be able to get financial help to pay for some costs if you're buying insurance through your state's Marketplace. * Grandfathered health plans, those that existed before the Affordable Care Act was passed and have not significantly changed, are not required to offer some of these protections, such as bans on pre-existing conditions or annual limits on benefits. Check with your insurance company or HR department to find out if you're in a grandfathered plan. In addition, short-term health plans do not have to offer these benefits or protections. Short-term health policies are those in effect for less than 12 months, although they can be renewed for up to 3 years.


Question: Are the Affordable Care Act limits on how much you have to pay for medical care effective for cancer patients?

Answer: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, that made you pay the full cost of meds once you reached the annual drug-spending limit.


Question: How can you separate your baby's eating time from sleeping time?

Answer: After the first month, you don't want to let your baby fall asleep while you're feeding or rocking her, because you want her to figure out how to put herself to sleep. If she goes to sleep and keeps sleeping when you're feeding her, stop and put her to bed. Some parents try to push more formula, breast milk, or baby food to try to make a baby sleep on schedule or sleep longer. This isn't good for your baby. Note: Never prop a baby bottle in your infant's mouth when you put her to bed.


Question: What is lymph node surgery for breast cancer?

Answer: Before you have surgery for breast cancer, take some time to learn about the different types of procedures. A radical mastectomy is usually only recommended if the cancer has spread to your chest muscles.


Question: What should you do before a breast cancer surgery?

Answer: It may not be an option for you if you have cancer cells close to your skin, or if you plan to wait to have breast reconstruction. The length of your stay in the hospital will vary, depending on the type of surgery you have, how well you tolerate the operation, and your general health.


Question: How can you tell what kind of ovarian cyst you have?

Answer: She also may do some blood tests to: Find out if you are pregnant See whether your problems are caused by hormones Check for cancer (if you are past menopause) Most cysts are considered âfunctional.â They're a part of your monthly cycle. Your ovaries usually release one egg each month. It grows inside a tiny sac called a follicle. When the egg is ready, the follicle breaks open and releases it. If the sac doesn't open, it causes a follicle cyst. These often go away in 1 to 3 months. Corpus luteum cyst. Once the egg is released, the empty follicle usually shrinks and helps get ready for the next egg. It becomes a cyst when it closes back up and fluid collects inside. It may go away in a few weeks. Nonfunctional. In some women, their ovaries make a lot of small cysts. This condition is called polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). It can make it hard to get pregnant. Other nonfunctional cysts may be caused by cancer. Ovarian cysts in women after menopause (once your period has stopped) are more likely to be cancerous than those in younger women.


Question: What are the symptoms of an ovarian cyst?

Answer: When there are symptoms, you might have pressure, bloating, swelling, or pain in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst. This pain may be sharp or dull, and it can come and go. Sometimes a cyst may need emergency attention. See your doctor right away if you have these symptoms: Sudden, severe belly pain Pain with fever and throwing up Dizziness, weakness, feeling faint Fast breathing These signs could mean your cyst has caused the ovary to twist. She also may do some blood tests to: Find out if you are pregnant See whether your problems are caused by hormones Check for cancer (if you are past menopause) Most cysts are considered âfunctional.â They're a part of your monthly cycle.


Question: What should I know about pain?

Answer: Imagine, for instance, what would happen if you felt nothing when you put your hand on a hot stove. Pain is one way the body tells you something's wrong and needs attention. But pain -- whether it comes from a bee sting, a broken bone, or a long-term illness -- is also an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. It has multiple causes, and people respond to it in multiple and individual ways. The pain that you push your way through might be incapacitating to someone else. Even though the experience of pain varies from one person to the next, it is possible to categorize the different types of pain. Pain is most often classified by the kind of damage that causes it.


Question: What are some other ways pain to classify pain?

Answer: A third category is psychogenic pain, which is pain that is affected by psychological factors. Psychogenic pain most often has a physical origin either in tissue damage or nerve damage, but the pain caused by that damage is increased or prolonged by such factors as fear, depression, stress, or anxiety. In some cases, pain originates from a psychological condition. Pain is also classified by the type of tissue that's involved or by the part of the body that's affected. For example, pain may be referred to as muscular pain or joint pain. Or a doctor may ask you about chest pain or back pain. Certain types of pain are referred to as syndromes. For instance, myofascial pain syndrome refers to pain that is set off by trigger points located in the body's muscles. Fibromyalgia is an example. The pain caused by nerve damage, neuropathic pain, is often described as burning or prickling.


Question: What are shingles and postherpetic neuralgia?

Answer: Pain is most often classified by the kind of damage that causes it. Shingles and postherpetic neuralgia. The pain is described as intense and lightning like, and it can occur in the lips, scalp, forehead, eye, nose, gums, cheek, and chin on one side of the face.


Question: What helps if someone with Alzheimer's forgets to eat?

Answer: What happens: As dementia sets in, people with Alzheimer's may forget to eat, become overwhelmed by choosing and cooking food, or have trouble using utensils. What helps: Offer lots of easy-to-eat foods, like smoothies and soups, so that the person you're caring for gets enough calories and stays hydrated. Try to limit distractions, and serve only one or two foods at a time. Remind the person that there's food in front of him or her.


Question: What is dysphagia after stroke?

Answer: Or you could have trouble digesting or absorbing the nutrients in food, and then have side effects from poor nutrition. What happens: The effects of a stroke depend on what part of the brain it affects. Many people who've had one find it hard to swallow, a condition called âdysphagia.â As a result, they may not get enough nutrients. What helps: Part of the recovery from a stroke could include learning to swallow again. Small pieces of foods, or small sips of liquid, may help. Some people may need to be fed through a tube.


Question: What are the  tests used to diagnose gallbladder problems?

Answer: A check of the blood's amylase or lipase levels to look for inflammation of the pancreas. A HIDA scan. In this test, a radioactive material called hydroxy iminodiacetic acid ( HIDA) is injected into the patient. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP), which uses magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to produce detailed pictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP), a procedure in which a tube is placed down the patient's throat, into the stomach, then into the small intestine. Dye is injected and the ducts of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas can be seen on X-ray.


Question: What is electrolysis?

Answer: After a very fine probe is inserted into the hair follicle, the hair is removed with tweezers. Most areas of the body can be treated with electrolysis, including the eyebrows, face, abdomen, thighs, breasts, and legs. There are generally no permanent side effects, but sometimes a temporary, slight reddening of the skin may occur. The FDA and the American Medical Association recognize only electrolysis as a permanent method of removing hair.


Question: Which type of toothbrush should I use to brush my baby's teeth?

Answer: Choose one with a: soft brush small head large handle At first, just wet the toothbrush. In addition to caring for baby teeth, you need to protect them.


Question: How can I ease my baby's teething pain?

Answer: You can start caring for baby's gums right away. Let your baby chew on a clean, cool teething ring or cold washcloth. Just avoid giving your child anything that is small enough to choke on. Also avoid a teething ring with liquid inside that could break open. Rub your baby's gums with a clean finger. Pain relief. Give your baby Tylenol (acetaminophen) occasionally to relieve pain -- but ask your pediatrician first. Never give your child aspirin. It has been linked with a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome in children.


Question: What other health problems could arise with ADHD and stress?

Answer: ADHD symptoms can lead to frustration and feelings of loss of control and hopelessness -- a sure set-up for daily stress. If you have ADHD and a lot of unmanaged stress, it could raise your risk of some health problems and worsen symptoms of others, including: Tics or Tourette's syndrome Depression or anxiety attacks Fibromyalgia or chronic pain syndrome Anyone with ADHD -- children, teens, and adults -- can do a lot to manage ADHD and reduce stress.


Question: Why do ADHD and stress often go together and what is the risk of having both?

Answer: ADHD symptoms can lead to frustration and feelings of loss of control and hopelessness -- a sure set-up for daily stress. If you have ADHD and a lot of unmanaged stress, it could raise your risk of some health problems and worsen symptoms of others, including: Tics or Tourette's syndrome Depression or anxiety attacks Fibromyalgia or chronic pain syndrome Anyone with ADHD -- children, teens, and adults -- can do a lot to manage ADHD and reduce stress.


Question: Where can one go for support with ADHD-related stress?

Answer: Can stress cause ADHD? Here are some suggestions: Teens and adults can benefit from working with an ADHD coach, a professional organizer, or a job coach. Connect with groups that provide ADHD information and support. If you're not sure where to go for support, here are some places to start: Attention Deficit Disorder Resources (http://www.addresources.org) Children and Adults with AD/ HD (http://www.chadd.org).


Question: How can I ease symptoms without cold medicines?

Answer: So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Use caution, and check with your physician prior to using them if you are unsure or if your child is under age 4. That way he can check if the cold medicine works safely with them. Don't use ibuprofen in children under age 6 months. Try saline drops in his nose to clear out mucus. If your child is young enough, you may be able to bulb suction some of the mucous. Make sure your child gets plenty to drink. It helps thin his mucus. Use a humidifier in your child's room to add moisture to the dry air, especially during winter when the air is drier. If he has asthma or wheezes, talk to the doctor. Your child may need prescription medicine to open up swollen airways. Avoid cold/cough medicines in children with asthma; they can aggravate asthma symptoms.


Question: What medicines should not be used in children?

Answer: So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Children's cough and cold medicines are considered safe for kids 4 and over.


Question: What are the rules for giving cough and cold medicine to children?

Answer: Cough and cold medicines should not be used by kids under 4. But the FDA recommends you follow these commonsense rules: Always read the package label and follow directions carefully. Many of these medicines contain several drugs. If you're giving a cold medicine to your child that has a painkiller, fever reducer or decongestant in it, make sure you don't give him more of those separately. Too much medicine could be risky, and your child can get an overdose of medicine. Never increase the dose or give it to your child more frequently than it says to on the package. Too much can cause serious and life-threatening side effects. Don't give adult medicines to kids. Children should only take products marked for use in babies, infants, or children, sometimes called "pediatric" use on the package. There are many natural and herbal remedies available on the market. Use caution, and check with your physician prior to using them if you are unsure or if your child is under age 4. Ask your child's doctor if you're not sure if a medicine is right for your child. Remember, cough and cold medicines come in many different strengths. Tell your child's doctor about any other medications your child takes. That way he can check if the cold medicine works safely with them. Always use the measuring device that comes in the medicine package. A teaspoon from your kitchen isn't accurate.


Question: What are common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants?

Answer: Nevertheless, your doctor may prescribe newer antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for treating depression in bipolar disorder -- along with lithium or other mood stabilizing drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine or an atypical antipsychotic. Common SSRI side effects may include: Nausea Nervousness Insomnia Diarrhea Rash Agitation Erectile dysfunction Loss of libido Weight gain or loss In people with bipolar disorder, SSRIs and other antidepressants carry a risk of inducing mania, making it essential to monitor for signs of excess energy, decreased need for sleep, or abnormal and excessive mood elevation.


Question: What are risks of taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Nevertheless, your doctor may prescribe newer antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for treating depression in bipolar disorder -- along with lithium or other mood stabilizing drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine or an atypical antipsychotic. Common SSRI side effects may include: Nausea Nervousness Insomnia Diarrhea Rash Agitation Erectile dysfunction Loss of libido Weight gain or loss In people with bipolar disorder, SSRIs and other antidepressants carry a risk of inducing mania, making it essential to monitor for signs of excess energy, decreased need for sleep, or abnormal and excessive mood elevation. The FDA also recommends closely observing young people treated with SSRIs or other antidepressants for worsening depression or the emergence of suicidal tendencies. For this reason, the FDA recommends careful monitoring of patients being treated with these drugs -- especially at the beginning of therapy and during dose changes.


Question: What are side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants for bipolar depression?

Answer: This class of antidepressants includes: citalopram ( Celexa) escitalopram ( Lexapro) fluoxetine ( Prozac) fluvoxamine ( Luvox) paroxetine ( Paxil) sertraline( Zoloft) Vilazodone ( Viibryd) and vortioxetine ( Trintellix, formerly called Brintellix) are two newer antidepressants that affect the serotonin transporter as well as other serotonin receptors in the brain. SSRI side effects are generally milder than those of the older classes of antidepressants. There are many strategies to counteract the common side effects of SSRIs if they develop, and some side effects may occur only briefly at the beginning of treatment.


Question: Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants work for bipolar disorder?

Answer: Traditional antidepressants are considered "experimental" for treating bipolar depression in that none has been proven to be more effective than a placebo (sugar pill) in bipolar I disorder. Nevertheless, your doctor may prescribe newer antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for treating depression in bipolar disorder -- along with lithium or other mood stabilizing drugs such as valproate, carbamazepine or an atypical antipsychotic. If and when an antidepressant is effective for someone with bipolar depression, it is believed that the medicine works by boosting the functioning of nerve cells in the brain that communicate through the chemical (neurotransmitter) serotonin.


Question: What are a few ways to control dust mites?

Answer: The following are suggested environmental control measures for different allergens and irritants: Indoor controls To control dust mites: Use only polyester-filled pillows and comforters (never feather or down). Use mite-proof covers (available at allergy supply stores) over pillows and mattresses. Keep covers clean by vacuuming or wiping them down once a week. Wash your child's sheets and blankets once a week in very hot water (130 degrees or higher) to kill dust mites. Dust and vacuum weekly. If possible, use a vacuum specially designed to collect and trap dust mites (with a HEPA filter). Reduce the number of dust-collecting house plants, books, knickknacks, and non washable stuffed animals in your home.


Question: How can I control pollens and molds?

Answer: To control pollens and molds: Ventilate bathrooms, basements, and other damp places where mold can grow. Filters should be changed per the manufacturer's recommendations. Avoid wallpaper and carpets in bathrooms because mold can grow under them. Use bleach to kill mold in bathrooms. Keep windows and doors shut during pollen season. Breathing tests measure the volume and speed of air as it is exhaled from the lungs.


Question: What are asthma triggers in children?

Answer: Triggers are the factors that irritate the airways and cause asthma symptoms. Triggers can change seasonally and as a child grows older. Some common triggers are cigarette smoke, allergens like dust, dust mites, and pet dander, viral infections, irritants like strong perfumes, exercise, breathing cold air, and weather changes. Patients with asthma have chronic inflammation of their airways.


Question: What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?

Answer: But between 2 weeks and 6 months after the virus enters your bloodstream, you could notice: Clay-colored poop Dark urine Fever Fatigue Jaundice (a condition that causes yellow eyes and skin, as well as dark urine) Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea Stomach pain Vomiting Symptoms usually last for 2 to 12 weeks. This combination is approved to treat adults with chronic HCV, either with no cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (the stage of the disease that doesn't have symptoms), who've already had certain treatments.


Question: How can you get hepatitis C?

Answer: The virus spreads through an infected person's blood or body fluids. You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.


Question: How is hepatitis C treated?

Answer: The most common in the U. S. is type 1. But hepatitis C treatments have changed a lot in recent years. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir ( Harvoni). This once-daily pill cures the disease in most people in 8-12 weeks. Elbasvir-grazoprevir ( Zepatier). This once-daily pill has cured the disease in as many as 97% of those treated.


Question: What does treatment of hepatitis C depend on?

Answer: There are many forms of the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The most common in the U. S. is type 1. Your doctor will make sure you get regular screenings because there are usually no symptoms in the early stages.


Question: Are there any long-term effects of hepatitis C?

Answer: Now you're more likely to get one of these medications: Daclastasvir ( Daklinza). The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex.


Question: How can you prevent hepatitis C infection?

Answer: The results can be: Nonreactive, or negative: That may mean you don't have hep C. If you've been exposed in the last 6 months, you'll need to be retested. They usually show up 1-2 weeks after you're infected. The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Don't share personal items like razors. The equipment may have someone else's blood on it.


Question: What are the causes and risks factors of meningioma?

Answer: Exposure to radiation Neurofibromatosis type 2, a genetic disorder Previous injury may also be a risk factor, but a recent study failed to confirm this. Meningiomas have been found in places where skull fractures have occurred. They've also been found in places where the surrounding membrane has been scarred. Some research suggests a link between meningiomas and the hormone progesterone. Middle-aged women are more than twice as likely as men to develop a meningioma. Most meningiomas occur between the ages of 30 and 70. They are very rare in children. The location of the meningioma will determine how accessible it is to the surgeon.


Question: What are the symptoms of meningioma?

Answer: The most common symptoms include: Headaches Seizures Blurred vision Weakness in arms or legs Numbness Speech problems Meningiomas are rarely diagnosed before they begin to cause symptoms. If the tumor's growth threatens to cause problems or if symptoms begin to develop, surgery may be necessary.


Question: How can you find a specialist to treat your breast cancer?

Answer: Your primary care doctor may refer you to one or more specialists. You can also get the names of specialists from a medical society, your local hospitals, and medical schools. The American Board of Medical Specialties publishes The Official ABMS Directory of Board Certified Medical Specialists. This lists a specialist's name, education, and specialty field. You can buy the directory, but it's also available at no charge through www.abms.org and at most public libraries.


Question: What does a medical oncologist for breast cancer do?

Answer: They also figure out the risk of the breast cancer coming back, as well as the need for more treatments (such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation therapy). The medical oncologist manages your overall medical care for cancer and monitors your health during your treatment. They check your progress frequently, review your lab and X-ray results, and coordinate your medical care before and after your treatment. Other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment, including: Oncology nurses who have special skills and pass a certifying test Radiation technologist who helps place you in the correct treatment position and delivers the proper radiation dose to the proper site Radiation physicist who helps plan the radiation dosage and treatment field to make it as safe as possible Your primary care doctor can refer you to a specialist to treat your breast cancer.


Question: When is circumcision done?

Answer: Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head(glans) of the penis. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Circumcision is usually performed on the first or second day after birth. ( Among the Jewish population, circumcision is performed on the eighth day.) The procedure becomes more complicated and riskier in older babies, children, and men.


Question: When do babies usually get croup?

Answer: Croup is more common in the fall and early winter. It's more common in boys than in girls. The condition is contagious, especially in the first few days or until your child's fever is gone. There are two types of this condition -- viral and spasmodic.


Question: What causes viral croup?

Answer: Most often, croup is caused by an infection. The virus that most often causes croup is parainfluenza. But over time, your child will develop a âbarkyâ cough. He also may make a high-pitched, wheezing sound in his lower airway when he breathes in. The croup sound in the upper airway is a harsh, loud sound known as âstridor.â There can be a low fever too. He might also be hoarse, have stridor, and a barky cough.


Question: What are premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?

Answer: Premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs). But sometimes, PVCs can be caused by heart disease or electrolyte imbalance. If you have a lot of PVCs, or symptoms linked to them, see a heart doctor (cardiologist).


Question: What is a pacemaker?

Answer: The pacemaker has a pulse generator (which houses the battery and a tiny computer) and wires that send impulses from the pulse generator to the heart muscle. When the heart beats too fast, you get a series of small electrical impulses to the heart muscle to restore a normal heart rate and rhythm.


Question: What should I know about arrhythmias?

Answer: It just means it's out of its normal rhythm. It may feel like your heart skipped a beat, added a beat, is "fluttering," or is beating too fast (which doctors call tachycardia) or too slow (called bradycardia). Or, you might not notice anything, since some arrhythmias are "silent." Arrhythmias can be an emergency, or they may be harmless. If you feel something unusual happening with your heartbeat, call 911 so doctors can find out why it's happening and what you need to do about it. This is another type of fast heartbeat.


Question: When should I call my doctor about arrhythmias?

Answer: If you experience this, call your doctor. Sinus node dysfunction. Heart block. There is a delay or a complete block of the electrical impulse as it travels from the heart's sinus node to its lower chambers. The heart may beat irregularly and, often, more slowly. In serious cases, you'd get a pacemaker. Some people may need a pacemaker afterward.


Question: What choosing a day care for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, what things should I keep in mind when I visit?

Answer: Your loved one can go to day care during daytime hours and come home for the night. Find out about the center's application process, who they serve, and take a look at sample menus and activity calendars. Is there a place for people to go when they're sick? What kind of licensing or credentials do the staff have? Do volunteers help out? What is the staff-to-client ratio? ( Six clients per staff member is good). Can you look at a list of references?


Question: What are cancer immunotherapy clinical trials?

Answer: Several immunotherapy drugs are approved for cancer, and hundreds more are available to those who take part in clinical trials. They happen across the United States and around the world. She can help you weigh the pros and cons and find out if there's an immunotherapy clinical trial near you. The goal is to: Find a safe dose of the drug Decide how the drug should be given (shots, pills, etc.) Scientists may test a new drug or a new use for an approved immunotherapy.


Question: When should you call a doctor about glucocorticoids?

Answer: A glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid. But using them for a long time can cause health problems, including: Osteoporosis, when bones get weaker and break easily High blood pressure Diabetes If you notice any changes in how you feel while you take these drugs, be sure to tell your doctor. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of prednisone and other glucocorticoids. These medications may be a slight risk to your baby. However, if you're taking them because you have a serious health problem or a life-threatening disease, staying on your treatment may outweigh the chance that the drugs will harm your baby.


Question: How do glucocorticoids work?

Answer: Inflammation is your immune system's response to an injury or infection. That means your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue as if they were viruses or bacteria. Glucocorticoids keep your body from pumping out so many of the chemicals involved in inflammation. They can also dial back your immune system's response by changing the way white blood cells work.


Question: How do human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) affect African-Americans?

Answer: AIDS is a leading cause of death in African- Americans, especially in young women. Part of the problem may be a lingering distrust in the black community of government sources of information and research. As a group, African- Americans are more likely to be uninsured or publicly insured than whites.


Question: How can lacking of awareness put African-Americans at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Answer: In many ways, African- Americans have been hit harder by HIV than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Many black people may be HIV-positive and not know it, so they continue to spread the virus while also getting sicker. Some African- Americans still mistakenly believe that HIV is a white, gay disease. Stigma around homosexuality may also silence men who have sex with men. It may be harder to find support and services to help live with HIV or AIDS and related illnesses.


Question: How effective is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Answer: They include: Panic attacks Eating disorders Addictions Anxiety, such as discomfort with public speaking or dental procedures More than 20,000 practitioners have been trained to use EMDR since psychologist Francine Shapiro developed the technique in 1989. While walking through the woods one day, Shapiro happened to notice that her own negative emotions lessened as her eyes darted from side to side. Other researchers, though, have shown the treatment's effectiveness in published reports that consolidated data from several studies.


Question: When do you start to feel better and recover from Bell's palsy symptoms?

Answer: The symptoms of Bell's palsy tend to come on all of a sudden. You might also notice the following things before the onset of Bell's palsy (remember that these symptoms will probably only happen on one side of your face): You're unable to close your eyelid or blink Your eye waters more or less than usual Drooling Difficulty chewing Decreased sense of taste Your facial muscles twitch Pain or numbness behind your ear Facial weakness and drooping typically reach their peak within a day or two. Most people start to feel better within a couple of weeks. Some people who develop Bell's palsy have a longer recovery period.


Question: Why should I consider surgery to treat glaucoma?

Answer: Some patients with thin corneas and extreme nearsightedness may be better served with a variant of LASIK called PRK or they may not be good laser candidates at all. One long-term study, however, indicates that treating people with laser surgery first works just as well, if not better, to keep glaucoma in check.


Question: What are the stages of bladder cancer?

Answer: The stages describe how far your cancer has spread. There are two types of stages for bladder cancer -- the clinical stage and the pathologic stage. The clinical stage is your doctor's informed opinion of how far your cancer has spread. Your doctor will use this information to plan your treatment. The pathologic stage is something your doctor determines after surgery to remove the cancer. Your doctor will assign a number or letter after T, N, and M. The higher the number, the more the cancer has spread. These range from 0 to the Roman numeral IV.


Question: What do the numbers of bladder cancer stages mean?

Answer: Here's what each stage means: Stage 0: The cancer has only grown into the center of your bladder. Stage I: The cancer has grown through the inner lining of your bladder, but not the muscle of your bladder wall. Stage II: The cancer has grown through the connective tissue in your bladder and into the muscle layer of the bladder. Stage III: Cancer is now in the layer of fatty tissue that surrounds your bladder. It may also be in your prostate, uterus, or vagina. But it hasn't spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant organs. But it hasn't spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. Cancer is now in your lymph nodes or distant sites like your bones, liver, or lungs.


Question: How do deodorants or antiperspirants help with body odor?

Answer: Shower at least once a day, and you'll wash away sweat and get rid of some of the bacteria on your skin. These have aluminum chloride, a chemical that helps keep sweat at bay, and they often also have a deodorant in them. Look for ones that say they're higher strength. If you think you need more help, ask your doctor about prescription antiperspirants.


Question: What precautions should be taken with corticosteroid injections for  osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids help fight inflammation -- the heat, redness, pain, and swelling in an injured or inflamed part of the body. They can't repair damaged cartilage or slow the progression of arthritis. Their relief is only temporary. Most experts say you should limit injections to no more than once every three or four months. Get no more than about four shots in any one joint. If you still have joint pain after corticosteroid injections, talk with your doctor about other treatments. Depending on the joints involved, other treatment options could include joint replacement.


Question: How are corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis (OA) given?

Answer: Most corticosteroid injections into your knee or a smaller joint, like the base of your thumb, can be done in a doctor's office. If the joint is puffy and filled with fluid, the doctor may insert a needle into the joint to remove the excess fluid. This quickly relieves some of the pain, because it reduces pressure in the joint. Next, the doctor uses a different syringe to inject the corticosteroid into the joint. Relief is almost instant, because the corticosteroid is usually mixed with a painkiller. The corticosteroid begins to curb inflammation within a few hours. The relief usually lasts from several weeks to several months. Your doctor may use imaging technology to help guide the needle into place.


Question: What are the risks of injecting corticosteroid for osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Corticosteroids help fight inflammation -- the heat, redness, pain, and swelling in an injured or inflamed part of the body. Some can be dangerous, such as a greater risk of infection, weight gain, ulcers in your digestive tract and bleeding, osteoporosis, increases in blood pressure and blood glucose levels, and eye problems such as cataracts and glaucoma. Injecting corticosteroids directly into a joint lessens or removes most of these side effects. They include: Injury to the joint tissues, mainly with repeated injections Thinning of cartilage, the smooth covering that protects the bones in the joint Weakening of the ligaments of the joint More inflammation in the joint caused by a corticosteroid that has crystallized Irritation of the nerves, by the needle or the medication itself Infecting the joint Whitening or thinning of skin at the injection site You should not have this type of treatment if you have an infection in or around a joint or you're allergic to any of the drugs used.


Question: What should you do if you have Crohn's disease?

Answer: He can help you understand your condition and provide answers to your questions. It's a good idea to learn all you can about it. Doctors say if these things apply to you at diagnosis, your Crohn's may be more severe if you: Are younger than 40 Have perianal or rectal disease Are taking steroids first thing Smoke Have a low education level Some general facts: A small number of people will go into a long remission right after their first diagnosis.


Question: How can knowing what to expect with Crohn's disease help?

Answer: You've heard and read a lot about it, but you don't really know what to expect. Eye problems: Over time, the inflammation from Crohn's, or sometimes the other complications that come with it, can affect your eyes.


Question: Is remission possible in Crohn's disease?

Answer: With Crohn's, remission is sometimes thought to take place when symptoms go away and ulcers in the colon begin to heal. You may have pain, which also affects your emotions.


Question: How can Crohn's disease affect your diet?

Answer: But you may need to make some adjustments. For instance, if milk products or greasy foods cause diarrhea, don't eat them.


Question: What are the risks of Crohn's disease?

Answer: He can help you understand your condition and provide answers to your questions. Your doctor may recommend a C-section if you have certain complications. Ankylosing spondylitis: This more serious type of spinal arthritis is rare among people with Crohn's, but it can happen. They can: Stop your body from absorbing calcium, which your body needs to build bone Make your body get rid of calcium when you pee Boost production of cells that break down bone Lower the number of cells that help form bones Lower your body's output of estrogen. Uric acid stones: These kidney stones form due to dehydration and a process called metabolic acidosis in which the balance of acids and bases in your blood gets thrown off. You're only likely to notice low energy and fatigue unless you develop a more serious problem. When Crohn's affects the terminal ileum (where your small intestine meets the large intestine), it can't process bile salts, which help cholesterol dissolve in bile. When that happens, the cholesterol can form into stones that block the opening between the liver and the bile duct, which sends bile down to your intestines. Hepatitis: Crohn's disease can cause chronic (long-term) liver inflammation and primary sclerosing cholangitis.


Question: How can sleeping in the same room with my baby help prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. Sharing a room with your baby can cut her chances in half. But sleeping in the same bed with her raises her odds. Try not to fall asleep while sitting up and holding your baby.


Question: How does the mother's health affect the chances of getting sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. It's more likely to happen to a baby whose mother: Is younger than 20 Doesn't get good prenatal care Smokes, uses drugs, or drinks alcohol while pregnant or during baby's first year Yes.


Question: What causes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. Some babies have a gene or a change to their genes that causes certain health problems that can lead to SIDS. Other babies are born with problems in the part of their brain that controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and waking from sleep. But researchers found some things that, when put together, raise a little one's risk: A hidden health problem, like brain defects Being in the first 6 months of life Stress from something like a poor sleep position, secondhand smoke, or a respiratory infection Remember, none of these by itself is enough to cause SIDS. Doctors aren't sure why.


Question: What's the safest way to let my baby sleep to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. There are a few easy things you can do to prevent SIDS and keep your little one safe: Put your baby on her back to sleep. Once she can roll over on her own, it's safe for her to sleep on her tummy. Until then, remember this phrase: âback to sleep.â It'll help keep your baby's odds of having SIDS much lower. Choose a firm, flat surface for her bed. Use tight-fitting sheets. Keep pillows, blankets, and other objects out of her sleep area until she's at least 1. You can swaddle her for warmth, but only until she learns how to roll over.


Question: How does family history affect the chances of getting sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. It's more likely to happen to a baby whose mother: Is younger than 20 Doesn't get good prenatal care Smokes, uses drugs, or drinks alcohol while pregnant or during baby's first year Yes.


Question: How does birth weight affect the chances of getting sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. It's more likely in preemies, especially those born very small, than full-term babies.


Question: How does race affect the chances of getting sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. It happens most often among African- Americans, Native Americans, and Alaska natives. Doctors aren't sure why.


Question: At what age is a baby most likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer: When this happens to an infant under the age of 1, doctors refer to it as sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. Because it often happens when a baby is asleep, you might also hear it called crib death or cot death. It's most common for babies between 1 and 4 months. But it can happen at any time during the first year of life.


Question: How can hot and cold packs be used for pain relief and soreness?

Answer: Cold numbs sore areas. Cold may reduce inflammation by constricting blood flow to the injured area. You can also use items already in your home such as: Zippable plastic freezer or storage bags filled with ice and water A wash cloth or hand towel dipped into cold water and ice A bag of frozen vegetables, such as peas or corn Heat packs relax your muscles. Heat dilates blood vessels, sending more oxygen and blood to the area. Heat also decreases the sensation of pain.


Question: What are topical painkillers?

Answer: When your joints are painful or your muscles ache, topical pain killers -- those you apply to your skin -- may offer relief. Although are all designed to relieve pain, different products use different ingredients.


Question: How severe is constipation as a side effect of opioid pain medication?

Answer: It can happen any time you're taking the drug. The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. These messages can make your intestines squeeze on both ends of the stool so that it doesn't go anywhere. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.


Question: How do opioid pain medications cause constipation?

Answer: The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. These messages can make your intestines squeeze on both ends of the stool so that it doesn't go anywhere. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.


Question: What are symptoms of constipation as a side effect from opioids?

Answer: The main symptoms of opioid constipation are: Your stools might get hard and dry. You might not get the urge to go as often as before. You may have to push really hard when you go. You might feel like you don't get everything out. Call him right away if you feel severe pain. The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. When they open, stools can pass through. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.


Question: How can you get rid of daytime fatigue?

Answer: Your first step to getting rid of daytime fatigue is to figure out what's causing it. In addition to insomnia, many other issues can cause fatigue. These include other sleep disorders, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and chronic fatigue syndrome. These can greatly improve how you feel and function during the day.


Question: How can insomnia lead to car and workplace accidents?

Answer: People with insomnia are more likely than well-rested people to have a car crash due to fatigue. Lack of sleep is also the cause of over 7% of all serious accidents in the workplace. If you have trouble going to sleep or staying asleep, tell the doctor.


Question: What does a forehead lift do?

Answer: Some people get one at the same time they get a face lift or cosmetic surgery on their nose. Your surgeon will evaluate your entire forehead region, including your upper eyelids, paying attention to the muscles.


Question: How is leukemia diagnosed?

Answer: Because many types of leukemia show no obvious symptoms early in the disease, leukemia may be diagnosed incidentally during a physical exam or as a result of routine blood testing. To confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific type of leukemia, a needle biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow from a pelvic bone will need to be done to test for leukemic cells, DNA markers, and chromosome changes in the bone marrow.


Question: How do I prepare for a spinal tap?

Answer: And if you're allergic to latex or any medications, tell your doctor. You'll need to lie on your back or stomach for a few hours.


Question: What is a spinal tap and how is it related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your brain and spinal cord are bathed in fluid. It helps them diagnose disorders of the brain and spinal cord, including multiple sclerosis. He'll take 1-2 tablespoons of fluid and remove the needle.


Question: What should I do if I have symptoms of nail problems?

Answer: They're packed with details about your health. They can show if you have an infection, a serious disease, or even how well you're eating. Lots of things can cause your nails to separate from the nail bed: Long fingernails (the most common cause) Injury or infection Reactions to nail hardeners or adhesives Chemical overexposure from manicures Medications like tetracycline and naproxen, which create light sensitivity and can cause your nails to become photosensitive and lift away from the nail bed Psoriasis, thyroid disease, or other illness, especially if all of the nails are affected Don't ignore changes in your nails, but don't jump to conclusions either. Only your doctor can tell for sure. Though common, fungal infections can be hard to treat. If your symptoms don't go away, see a dermatologist. Nail changes are rarely the first sign of illness. Other symptoms almost always appear before that happens.


Question: How do ARBs work for high blood pressure?

Answer: Doxazosin ( Cardura) Prazosin ( Minipress) Terazosin ( Hytrin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent your body from making a hormone that tells blood vessels to tighten. With less of this hormone in your body, your blood vessels stay more open. Candesartan ( Atacand) Eprosartan ( Teveten) Irbesartan ( Avapro) Losartan ( Cozaar) Telmisartan ( Micardis) Valsartan ( Diovan) These target the same process that ACE inhibitors and ARBs do, so your blood vessels don't tighten up.


Question: What causes primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. This means that your condition is caused by, or starts in, at least one of the parathyroid glands naturally making too much of the hormone that keeps your calcium levels in balance. Primary hyperparathyroidism can happen due to: A noncancerous tumor in one of the parathyroid glands. This causes most primary cases. Two or more of the glands being too active and producing too much of the parathyroid hormone. Cancer of one of the glands. This is a very rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.


Question: What are benefits of surgery for hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome symptoms, you'll need surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands. Even if you don't have symptoms, your doctor may recommend the operation, depending on how you together decide to treat the condition. You might get these benefits from the surgery: Improved bone density Fewer bone fractures Less chance of forming kidney stones Surgery cures primary hyperparathyroidism in 95% of cases.


Question: What is hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: But there are times when your body can have so much calcium that it's not good for you. A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. They make a hormone that helps keep your amount of calcium at just the right level. But when even one of those glands makes too much of the hormone, the result is hyperparathyroidism. Cancer of one of the glands. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (apart from kidney failure) can happen if: Your body doesn't get enough calcium.


Question: How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?

Answer: A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. And it has nothing to do with how much milk you drink. If the results show that you have high levels of parathyroid hormone and of calcium, then you have primary hyperparathyroidism. You'll then get: X-rays to check for broken bones in certain areas, including in your back Bone density tests to look for reduced bone mineral density, especially in your forearm Kidney ultrasound to look for kidney stones 24-hour urine calcium collection to check for any kidney problems Blood tests looking at how well your kidneys work and your levels of phosphate and vitamin D can suggest secondary hyperparathyroidism.


Question: How is hyperparathyroidism treated?

Answer: A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. If you have secondary hyperparathyroidism, your doctor may recommend supplements of vitamin D and calcium. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome symptoms, you'll need surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands. Even if you don't have symptoms, your doctor may recommend the operation, depending on how you together decide to treat the condition.