Question: How can buprenorphine help with treating prescription drug abuse?

Answer: Buprenorphine is a drug used to treat opiate withdrawal, and it is often combined with the drug naloxone (a combination that can be called Suboxone, Bunavail, or Zubsolv) to prevent relapse. A form of buprenorphine (called Probuphine) can be implanted under the skin. It treats opiate dependence in people who have been taking a stable dose of oral buprenorphine and are no longer ridding their bodies of the drug they're being treated for. It provides a constant dose of buprenorphine for 6 months.


Question: What makes some people more likely to get addicted to prescription drugs?

Answer: Opioids can also be life-threatening in an overdose. Your biology, social environment, and age or stage of growth seem to affect how likely you are to get addicted. The more risks you have, the greater the chance that taking drugs can lead to addiction. Equally important is your stage of growth. Studies show the earlier someone begins to abuse drugs, the greater the chances are that the addiction may become more serious problems.


Question: What are examples of stimulants?

Answer: The National Institute on Drug Abuse says the three classes of prescription drugs that are often abused are: Opioids used to treat pain Central nervous system ( CNS) depressants, such as benzodiazepines ( Xanax, Valium, Ativan, ), used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders Stimulants, such as amphetamine and ( Adderall) or ( Concerta, Daytrana, Methylin, Ritalin), used to treat attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder). Today, they're also prescribed to treat problems such as ADHD, ADD, depression, narcolepsy, and other problems. Examples of stimulants are dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Pro Centra), lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse), methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Methylin, Ritalin), and the combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine ( Adderall).


Question: What will your doctor prescribe to treat pruritus?

Answer: Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat pruritus, including antihistamines and topical steroids. Rarely, steroid pills and antibiotics may also be needed.


Question: How is pruritus treated?

Answer: Anyone can get pruritus but certain groups of people are more susceptible to the condition, including: People with seasonal allergies, hay fever, asthma, and eczema People with diabetes People with HIV/ AIDS and various types of cancer, especially those with leukemia or lymphoma Pregnant women The elderly Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. If a drug reaction is suspected, switching to a different medication may be helpful to reduce the itching. However, most drug reactions have a rash along with itching.


Question: What is the best way to prevent pruritus?

Answer: The best way to prevent pruritus is to take care of your skin. To protect skin: Use skin creams and lotions that moisturize your skin and prevent dryness. Use sunscreens regularly to prevent sunburns and skin damage. Use mild bath soap that won't irritate your skin. Take a bath or shower in warm -- not hot -- water. Avoid certain fabrics, such as wool and synthetics, that can make skin itch. Switch to cotton clothing and bed sheets. Since warm, dry air can make skin dry, keep the thermostat in your house down and use a humidifier. To relieve itching, place a cool washcloth or some ice over the area that itches, rather than scratching.


Question: What symptoms should I look out for if my blood pressure is extremely high?

Answer: If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for, including: Severe headache Fatigue or confusion Vision problems Chest pain Difficulty breathing Irregular heartbeat Blood in the urine If you have any of these hypertension symptoms, see a doctor immediately.


Question: When should I call my doctor about high blood pressure?

Answer: Your diastolic pressure -- the second, or bottom, number in a blood pressure reading -- suddenly shoots above 120 ,or your systolic pressure, the first number, is over 180; you may have malignant hypertension (also known as ''hypertensive emergency''), a life-threatening condition that can result in heart attack, stroke, kidney and eye problems. You are experiencing severe headaches, nausea, blurred vision, and confusion or memory loss; this may be a sign of malignant hypertension. You are pregnant and develop hypertension; symptoms may include severe headache and sudden swelling of the legs. High blood pressure during pregnancy can affect not only your own health, but also the health of your unborn child. You're taking drugs for high blood pressure and experiencing worrisome side effects, such as angioedema (swelling of your mouth or tongue), drowsiness, constipation, dizziness, or loss of sexual function; your doctor may prescribe a different anti-hypertensive drug.


Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  naltrexone (Contrave) work?

Answer: It contains two medications and may affect the reward system in your brain, so eating certain foods that would normally make you feel good no longer do. It also works on the hypothalamus, the part of your brain that regulates appetite, temperature, and other functions.


Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  phentermine (Qsymia) work?

Answer: It's a combo of two drugs. Phentermine is a stimulant that makes you feel less hungry. Topiramate is a medicine used for seizures and headache, but as part of a combo with phentermine may make you feel less hungry and more full.


Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug liraglutide (Saxenda) work?

Answer: It was originally marketed as a diabetes treatment under the brand name Victoza. The drug dampens hunger by acting on a hormone in the gut. Yes, but probably not as much as you might hope.


Question: How does the appetite suppressant drug  lorcaserin (Belviq) work?

Answer: The drug may help you feel full after you eat less food than you normally would. It also works on the hypothalamus, the part of your brain that regulates appetite, temperature, and other functions.


Question: What are some tests and tools used to diagnose insomnia?

Answer: During the exam, your doctor will seek to identify any medical or psychological illness that may be contributing to your insomnia. Epworth Sleepiness Scale: a validated questionnaire that is used to assess daytime sleepiness. Polysomnogram: a test measuring activity during sleep. Actigraphy: a test to assess sleep-wake patterns over time. Actigraphs are small, wrist-worn devices (about the size of a wristwatch) that measure movement.


Question: How much surgery will you get to treat ovarian cancer?

Answer: How much surgery you have depends on how far the cancer has spread. In some cases, the ovaries, uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes may need to be removed. Other tissue typically removed includes lymph nodes, the omentum (fatty apron covering the intestines) and all visible cancer. If your surgery is in the very early stages or you want to have children, your doctor may not remove all your reproductive organs.


Question: What are alternative treatments for chronic pain?

Answer: Other alternative treatments such as massage, chiropractic therapies, therapeutic touch, certain herbal therapies, and dietary approaches have the potential to alleviate chronic pain in some people.


Question: Can herbal remedies help with treating chronic pain?

Answer: However, it is not possible to draw final conclusions regarding the effectiveness of massage to treat pain because of the shortcomings of available studies. Others, such as white willow bark, devil's claw, ginger, and turmeric have some evidence to support their use to treat pain. If you decide to use herbs to better manage your pain, it is of critical importance to share this information with your doctor. Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health.


Question: What are symptoms of spondylolisthesis?

Answer: Symptoms include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy.


Question: What's the treatment for spondylolisthesis?

Answer: Symptoms include: Lower back pain Muscle tightness and stiffness Pain in the buttocks Pain radiating down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) Spondylolisthesis is treated with the strengthening of supportive abdominal and back muscles through physical therapy. For patients who continue to have severe pain and disability after physical therapy, there is the option of surgical fusion (arthrodesis) of the vertebra to the bone below.


Question: What do prostate ultrasounds and biopsies evaluate?

Answer: Prostate ultrasound and biopsy are tests that check the abnormal results of a digital rectal exam or an elevated prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) blood test.


Question: Will I need to stop taking certain medications before a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you're taking clopidogrel ( Plavix), rivaroxaban ( Xarelto), warfarin ( Coumadin), or other blood thinners. You may need to stop taking them a week before the procedure. The doctor might prescribe another method to thin your blood.


Question: What happens after receiving a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: The doctor will send the biopsy to a lab for analysis. They'll discuss the results with you when they're ready, which is usually within a week. Meanwhile: You can go back to your normal meals and activities. Do NOT take aspirin, products with aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advil, Motrin, or Naprosyn, or indomethacin ( Indocin) for at least 3 days after the procedure. Drink six to eight glasses of water every day for 3 days after the test to help flush your urinary system. You may notice a small amount of blood in your urine, semen, or stool up to 7 days afterward. This is normal. If your rear end is sore, soak in a warm bath for 20 minutes. Take your antibiotics until all the pills are gone. If you miss a dose, take it when you remember and then go back to your regular schedule.


Question: When should someone call the doctor after a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: Call the nearest emergency department if: You have a fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 C).


Question: How does someone prepare for a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have a lung or heart condition or any other diseases, or if you're allergic to any medicines. Also let them know if you have an artificial heart valve or if you've ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure. If you have any of these conditions, you'll get antibiotics to take before the biopsy.


Question: Which medications should not be taken before a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: The week before, don't take aspirin, products with aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as Advil, Motrin, or Naprosyn, or indomethacin ( Indocin). You'll get antibiotics to take the night before or morning of the test to prevent infection. Don't stop taking any medication without talking to your doctor first.


Question: What happens the day of a prostate cancer biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: A doctor or nurse will explain the test in detail, including possible complications and side effects. You'll be able to ask questions.


Question: Why does someone need an enema before getting a prostate biopsy and ultrasound?

Answer: Enemas: You'll get one enema before the procedure to empty your colon and minimize the risk of infection. The doctor may have you take the enema at home. Try to hold the enema solution for at least 5 minutes before you release it.


Question: What are symptoms of osteomalacia?

Answer: If you have soft bones, you may have symptoms, including: Easily broken bones Feeling tired Pain Stiffness Trouble getting up from sitting or walking up stairs Weak muscles in your arms and thighs People with osteomalacia may walk with a waddling, side-to-side stride.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose osteomalacia?

Answer: Your doctor probably will recommend: Blood tests to measure the level of vitamin D in your body X-rays to look at your bone structure Bone mineral density scans to test the amount of calcium and phosphate in your bones It doesn't happen often, but your doctor may want to do a bone biopsy. This involves taking a piece of your bone tissue to check it.


Question: What would happen if your body has trouble absorbing vitamin D when you have osteomalacia?

Answer: The main ones are: You're not taking in enough vitamin D. You need this vitamin to absorb calcium from your diet. Your doctor probably will recommend: Blood tests to measure the level of vitamin D in your body X-rays to look at your bone structure Bone mineral density scans to test the amount of calcium and phosphate in your bones It doesn't happen often, but your doctor may want to do a bone biopsy. But talk to your doctor about it, and be sure to wear sunscreen. If the problem is severe, you may need surgery.


Question: What is osteomalacia?

Answer: That makes them weak and more likely to bend and break. It's not the same as osteoporosis. Both can cause bones to break. But while osteomalacia is a problem with bones not hardening, osteoporosis is the weakening of the bone. It's rare, but some people have a genetic condition that causes osteomalacia.


Question: What causes osteomalacia?

Answer: When the same thing happens in children, it's called rickets. The main ones are: You're not taking in enough vitamin D. You need this vitamin to absorb calcium from your diet. You can get it from sunlight or certain foods or supplements. Some seizure medications may cause it. It's rare, but some people have a genetic condition that causes osteomalacia.


Question: What are different ways of taking naloxone?

Answer: As an injectable medication, the naloxone kit, called Evzio, comes with two auto-injectors and a trainer device, so you can learn how to use it ahead of time. The nasal spray form of naloxone should be given to the person when he/she is lying down.


Question: What is naloxone?

Answer: Paramedics and emergency room doctors have used it for years to save lives. Naloxone blocks the effects of drugs made from opium, or opioids.


Question: Will I still get periods while on the pill?

Answer: But technically that's âmonthly withdrawal bleeding.â It's slightly different than a regular period. Normally, you ovulate in the middle of your menstrual cycle. If the egg your ovaries release isn't fertilized, your hormone levels drop, causing you to shed the lining inside your uterus, and you get your period. Birth control pills, though, prevent ovulation. With most types, you take hormones for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of pills without them. Though they keep your body from releasing an egg, they don't prevent it from building up the lining of your uterus all month. The period-like bleeding during that fourth week is your body's reaction to the lack of hormones from the last week of the pill.


Question: When should I call my doctor about PMS?

Answer: Talk with your doctor if you notice that something seems off. You have more options to help you manage that time of the month.


Question: Can I get pregnant during my period?

Answer: It's time to squash that age-old myth: Your period doesn't protect you from pregnancy. There are a couple of reasons why. First, some women may bleed when their ovaries release an egg each month, called ovulation, and mistake it for their period. You're at your peak fertility when you ovulate. So if you have sex during this time, it could actually make you more likely to get pregnant. Second, you may ovulate before your period is over or within a few days after the bleeding stops. Since sperm can hang out in your body for up to 3 days, having sex during your period could lead to conception. Use a condom or other form of birth control to prevent an unplanned pregnancy, no matter what time of the month it is.


Question: How does my period change throughout my life?

Answer: Just when you start to feel like you can predict exactly when your period is going to show, everything can change. For that, you can thank the hormone shifts that happen throughout your lifetime. Once you get your very first period, your cycles may be longer, meaning more time may pass between when one period starts to the next. A typical cycle for a teenage girl may be 21 to 45 days. Over time, they get shorter and more predictable, averaging about 21 to 35 days. Hormone changes that happen during perimenopause -- the years before menopause when your body starts to make less estrogen -- can throw you for a loop. The time from one period to the next may get shorter or longer, and you may have heavier or lighter bleeding during your period. This phase can last up to 10 years before you start menopause and stop getting your period for good. Gradual life changes are normal, but sudden, unusual issues like very heavy bleeding or missed periods are not. Talk with your doctor if you notice that something seems off.


Question: What is PMS?

Answer: The time from one period to the next may get shorter or longer, and you may have heavier or lighter bleeding during your period. But doctors don't know exactly why that is. It seems to be a mix of hormone changes during your menstrual cycle, chemical changes in the brain, and other emotional issues you might have, such as depression, that can make PMS worse. What's more, once you get your period, the rollercoaster may continue. One study found that period-related pains such as cramps, bloating, backaches, and headaches can cloud your thinking, because the pain may make it harder for you to focus on the tasks at hand. Not that you can't still do them -- you can. It may just feel like it takes more work. Lifestyle changes are usually the best way to take control of PMS. Aim to get about 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week, get 8 hours of shut-eye per night, and don't smoke. Your diet makes a difference, too, so fill up on fruits, veggies, and whole grains while you limit salt (hello, bloating) as well as sugar, caffeine, and alcohol.


Question: How is high blood pressure linked to obesity?

Answer: As your heart beats, it pumps blood through the walls of your arteries. This creates a force, or pressure. If this pressure is too high and goes unchecked for too long, it can damage other organs, such as your kidneys or brain. High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. But it also can change, for the better, as you start to take the weight off.


Question: How does being overweight lead to sleep apnea?

Answer: When you're overweight, extra fat around your neck could narrow your airway and also affect your breathing. You might not know that this is happening. If you feel tired a lot and don't feel more rested after you try simple things like going to bed earlier, tell your doctor. She may send you to a specialist to find out if you have sleep apnea. If you do, there are treatments. And again, it could get better as you lose weight.


Question: What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer: People over 40 who are overweight are most at risk for this disease. But younger people -- even kids and teens -- also get it, and extra pounds make it more likely. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body's blood sugar level is too high.


Question: Is cancer linked to obesity?

Answer: But they do know that fat feeds the growth of existing cancer cells. Of course, people who aren't overweight can get cancer, too. So just like anyone else, it's important for you to keep up with any cancer tests that your doctor recommends.


Question: Who is most at risk for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: It doesn't handle insulin like it should. This is a combination of conditions that put you at risk for other problems, like heart disease, diabetes, or stroke. For example, you might be overweight, especially around your waistline, and have high blood pressure, high blood sugar, as well as cholesterol problems. If you're overweight, the extra pounds put more pressure on your weight-bearing joints.


Question: How is osteoarthritis linked to obesity?

Answer: High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. You develop this type of arthritis after the tissue that cushions your bones, called cartilage, wears down as you age. Fat also makes proteins that can cause inflammation. As you start to lose weight, you'll feel and move better, and your joints will have less stress.


Question: When should you call 911 about your child's congestion or stuffy nose?

Answer: Has difficulty breathing or is unable to breathe Suddenly starts coughing or choking after being fed Has a cough associated with any skin color change such as turning blue Seems out of breath Is unable to talk or eat Colds, flu, and allergies cause congestion in babies and toddlers.


Question: How do you clear out mucus from your child's congestion or stuffy nose?

Answer: Use an infant nasal bulb, or aspirator, to suck mucus from your baby's nose. It's OK to use nasal saline to loosen the mucus. If your child is able, have her blow her nose regularly. Never use a cold or cough medicine in kids under age 4 unless a pediatrician suggests it.


Question: How can you add moisture to help your child with congestion or stuffy nose?

Answer: Use a cool-mist humidifier if the air is dry. Use saline nose drops to moisten the nasal passages. Sit in the bathroom with the hot shower running and have your child breathe in the steam.


Question: What is the follow-up for ganglion cysts?

Answer: After you have been diagnosed with a ganglion cyst and have chosen to have treatment, follow-up will be different based on what you have chosen to do. After simple aspiration, your doctor may ask you to start moving the joint soon after the procedure. Most likely after surgery, your joint will be splinted for up to 7 to 10 days. A splint is a hard wrap that will keep you from moving your joint. Recent studies show that splinting for a long period of time doesn't really help, and use of the joint soon after treatment is being encouraged. Your doctor may ask you to return for a check-up after your surgery and will decide if physical or occupational therapy is needed. Follow-up care will be based on your personal needs.


Question: When should you seek medical care for ganglion cysts?

Answer: Your doctor can be sure that you have a ganglion cyst, keep you from worrying, and help decide on the best treatment plan for you. A ganglion cyst does not need to have emergency treatment unless you have significant trauma. A routine check by either your doctor or a specialist in bones and joints (an orthopedist) is often enough.


Question: What are the symptoms and characteristics of ganglion cysts?

Answer: The ganglion cyst usually appears as a bump (mass) that changes size. It is usually soft, anywhere from 1-3 cm in diameter, and doesn't move. The swelling may appear over time or appear suddenly, may get smaller in size, and may even go away, only to come back at another time. Most ganglion cysts cause some degree of pain, usually following acute or repetitive trauma, but up to 35% are without symptoms except for appearance. If pain is present, it is usually chronic and made worse by joint motion. When the cyst is connected to a tendon, you may feel a sense of weakness in the affected finger.


Question: How can I treat ganglion cysts at home?

Answer: In the past, home care has included topical plaster, heat, and various poultices. It even extended to use of a heavy book to physically smash the cyst. ( Sometimes this is called " Bible therapy.") These forms of treatment are no longer suggested, however, because they have not been shown to keep the ganglion cysts from returning and could, in fact, cause further injury.


Question: When is surgery needed for ganglion cysts?

Answer: When found on the back of the wrist, they become more prominent when the wrist is flexed forward.


Question: Where do ganglion cysts occur?

Answer: Ganglion cysts most commonly occur on the back of the hand at the wrist joint but they can also develop on the palm side of the wrist. When found on the back of the wrist, they become more prominent when the wrist is flexed forward. Other sites, although less common, include these: The base of the fingers on the palm, where they appear as small pea-sized bumps The fingertip, just below the cuticle, where they are called mucous cysts The outside of the knee and ankle The top of the foot The cause of ganglion cysts is not known.


Question: How can you prevent ganglion cysts?

Answer: Because the cause of a ganglion cyst is not known, it is difficult to tell how to prevent them. Early evaluation and treatment are recommended.


Question: What is a ganglion cyst?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A ganglion cyst is a small sac of fluid that forms over a joint or tendon (tissue that connects muscle to bone). Depending on the size, cysts may feel firm or spongy. Media file 2: The jellylike fluid taken from the cyst in Image 1.


Question: What exams and tests are used to diagnose ganglion cysts?

Answer: Your doctor may get further confirmation by using a syringe to draw out some of the fluid in the cyst (needle aspiration) or by using ultrasound. An ultrasound picture is made as sound waves bounce off of different tissues. It can determine whether the bump is fluid-filled (cystic) or if it is solid. Ultrasound can also detect whether there is an artery or blood vessel causing the lump. Your doctor may send you to a hand surgeon if the bump is large or solid or involves a blood vessel (artery). Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) is used to see the wrist and is very useful for ganglions. One drawback to this diagnostic method is the cost of the procedure. Your doctor may ask you to return for a check-up after your surgery and will decide if physical or occupational therapy is needed.


Question: What are common side effects of Gilenya?

Answer: Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, back pain, cough, and abnormal liver tests. Because the medicine may slow your heart rate, the doctor will watch you closely after your first dose. The drug is also linked to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML), a rare brain infection.


Question: How can physical therapy help treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend treatments for: Muscle stiffness and spasms: Muscle relaxants like baclofen ( Lioresal) and tizanidine ( Zanaflex), or sedatives like clonazepam ( Klonopin) and diazepam ( Valium) Fatigue: Amantadine ( Symmetrel), armodafinil ( Nuvigil), modafinil ( Provigil) Depression: Antidepressants, such as bupropion ( Wellbutrin), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and sertraline ( Zoloft) Bladder problems: Oxybutynin ( Ditropan) or tolterodine ( Detrol) She may also suggest: Physical therapy: A trained health care professional can teach you exercises that help you stay active. You might also learn how to use a cane, walker, or other assistive device to get around more easily.


Question: When is plasma exchange used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common ones are: Methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol) Prednisone ( Deltisone) ACTH ( H. P. Acthar Gel) Plasma exchange: This can help when a flare doesn't respond to steroids. Your doctor will remove some of your blood and separate the liquid portion (called plasma) from your blood cells. The cells are mixed with a protein solution and go back into your body.


Question: What medication is prescribed for multiple sclerosis that doesn't respond to common medications?

Answer: Continue Reading Below Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) and mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) are chemotherapy drugs designed to treat cancer. They're an option if you don't respond to other mediations. They curb your immune system and prevent it from attacking nerve coverings. Novantrone has an FDA "black box" warning because it can lead to heart damage and a type of leukemia.


Question: What is Tecfidera and how is it used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) is a tablet you take twice a day. It can lower your immune cells, so the doctor will do regular blood tests to keep an eye on them. The drug's most common side effects are flushing, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. An active ingredient similar to the one in Tecfidera is linked to four cases of PML.


Question: What are three drugs taken by mouth that treat the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You can take other medications as a pill: Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) is a tablet you take once a day. The most common side effects include diarrhea, abnormal liver tests, nausea, and hair loss. It does carry a "black box" warning, the FDA's most serious warning, because it can lead to liver problems and birth defects. If you take it, your doctor will likely do regular tests to check how well your liver is working.


Question: What are disease-modifying drugs that can reduce the number of flare-ups of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They include: Avonex (interferon beta-1a) Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) Extavia (interferon beta-1b) Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) Rebif (interferon beta-1a) Glatiramer ( Copaxone, Glatopa): This medication stops your immune system from attacking the myelin that surrounds and protects your nerves.


Question: What medications are used to manage symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend treatments for: Muscle stiffness and spasms: Muscle relaxants like baclofen ( Lioresal) and tizanidine ( Zanaflex), or sedatives like clonazepam ( Klonopin) and diazepam ( Valium) Fatigue: Amantadine ( Symmetrel), armodafinil ( Nuvigil), modafinil ( Provigil) Depression: Antidepressants, such as bupropion ( Wellbutrin), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and sertraline ( Zoloft) Bladder problems: Oxybutynin ( Ditropan) or tolterodine ( Detrol) She may also suggest: Physical therapy: A trained health care professional can teach you exercises that help you stay active.


Question: What disease-modifying drugs are used to reduce flare-ups in multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They include: Avonex (interferon beta-1a) Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) Extavia (interferon beta-1b) Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) Rebif (interferon beta-1a) Glatiramer ( Copaxone, Glatopa): This medication stops your immune system from attacking the myelin that surrounds and protects your nerves.


Question: How are flare-ups in multiple sclerosis treated?

Answer: If you're taking other medication, mild flares will eventually go away on their own. Steroids: If a flare gets in the way of your life, your doctor may give you high-dose steroids through a vein (intravenously) or by mouth to ease your symptoms quickly. These drugs will calm the flare, but they won't slow the course of your disease. Get some exercise: Even a walk around the block can help.


Question: How should I treat multiple sclerosis flare-ups?

Answer: If you're taking other medication, mild flares will eventually go away on their own. Steroids: If a flare gets in the way of your life, your doctor may give you high-dose steroids through a vein (intravenously) or by mouth to ease your symptoms quickly. These drugs will calm the flare, but they won't slow the course of your disease. Get some exercise: Even a walk around the block can help.


Question: When should I start medication for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: These medicines slow down the advance of your disease and prevent flare-ups. If they aren't bothering you, you don't need to treat them. Talk to your doctor about anything you're tempted to take. You should get your doctor to check your levels and discuss if you need to take a supplement.


Question: When do doctors use disease-modifying drugs to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: There's no cure for multiple sclerosis ( MS), but medicines and lifestyle changes can help you manage the disease. These medicines slow down the advance of your disease and prevent flare-ups.


Question: Are there side effects associated with drugs used to slow the advance of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They include: Avonex (interferon beta-1a) Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) Extavia (interferon beta-1b) Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) Rebif (interferon beta-1a) Glatiramer ( Copaxone, Glatopa): This medication stops your immune system from attacking the myelin that surrounds and protects your nerves. The drug's most common side effects are flushing, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.


Question: What are the side effects of interferon drugs and Copaxone for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They include: Avonex (interferon beta-1a) Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) Extavia (interferon beta-1b) Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a) Rebif (interferon beta-1a) Glatiramer ( Copaxone, Glatopa): This medication stops your immune system from attacking the myelin that surrounds and protects your nerves. The drug's most common side effects are flushing, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.


Question: What should you know about taking drugs to treat insomnia?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In some cases, doctors will prescribe drugs for the treatment of insomnia. All insomnia medications should be taken shortly before bed. Do not attempt to drive or perform other activities that require concentration after taking an insomnia drug because it will make you sleepy. Medications should be used in combination with good sleep practices.


Question: How are antidepressants used to treat insomnia?

Answer: Antidepressants : Some antidepressant drugs, such as trazodone ( Desyrel), are very good at treating sleeplessness and anxiety.


Question: How are benzodiazepines used to treat insomnia?

Answer: Benzodiazepines: These older sleeping pills -- emazepam ( Restoril), triazolam ( Halcion), and others -- may be useful when you want an insomnia medication that stays in the system longer. For instance, they have been effectively used to treat sleep problems such as sleepwalking and night terrors. But these drugs may cause you to feel sleepy during the day and can also cause dependence, meaning you may always need to be on the drug to be able to sleep.


Question: How is doxepine (Silenor) used to treat insomnia?

Answer: Doxepine ( Silenor ): This sleep drug is approved for use in people who have trouble staying asleep. Silenor may help with sleep maintenance by blocking histamine receptors. Do not take this drug unless you are able to get a full 7 or 8 hours of sleep. That means you can try to fall asleep on your own.


Question: What are concerns regarding the use of drugs for insomnia?

Answer: The FDA warns that you should not drive or do anything that requires you to be alert the day after taking Ambien CR because it stays in the body a long time. There is no proof that they work well for insomnia, and they can cause some drowsiness the next day.


Question: Who gets gout?

Answer: It's also more common in men over 40. Women are more likely to get it after menopause.


Question: What can you do about gout?

Answer: This usually happens in your big toe, but you also can have gout in your knee, ankle, foot, hand, wrist, or elbow. You can take anti-inflammatory medicine (like aspirin and ibuprofen), ice the inflamed area and drink plenty of fluids.


Question: How can migraines cause tinnitus?

Answer: But they also can have ear-related symptoms like fullness, muffled hearing, and tinnitus.


Question: How can head or neck injuries cause tinnitus?

Answer: Either can cause problems with your nerves, blood flow, and muscles. That can lead to tinnitus, which often comes with headaches and memory issues when it's linked to head or neck trauma.


Question: How can colds or ear infections cause tinnitus?

Answer: Congestion, along with ear and sinus infections, can cause pressure to build up in your inner ear. The same thing can happen if you have too much ear wax. That pressure can cause tinnitus. Treating the cause should ease your symptoms.


Question: What if I have an allergic reaction from sclerotherapy?

Answer: A minor allergic reaction will cause itching and swelling. To avoid any serious complications, your doctor will likely test the agents on a small area before applying the solutions to a larger area. If you have any concerns or questions following this procedure, you should contact your doctor.


Question: Does insurance cover sclerotherapy?

Answer: Insurance coverage for sclerotherapy varies. If your varicose veins are causing medical problems such as pain or chronic swelling, your insurance may offer reimbursement. If you are pursuing sclerotherapy for cosmetic purposes only, your insurance carrier most likely will not provide coverage. You should discuss your concerns with your doctor.


Question: Where is sclerotherapy performed?

Answer: Less than 10% of the people who have sclerotherapy do not respond to the injections at all.


Question: How long does it take for veins to go away after sclerotherapy?

Answer: In general, spider veins respond in three to six weeks, and larger veins respond in three to four months. If the veins respond to the treatment, they will not reappear. However, new veins may appear at the same rate as before. If needed, you may return for injections.


Question: Who shouldn't get sclerotherapy?

Answer: If you have had a blood clot in the past, your eligibility will be decided on an individual basis, and will depend on the overall health of the area needing treatment as well as the reason for the clot. Veins that are potentially usable for future heart bypass surgery will generally not be considered for sclerotherapy, unless they are already deemed unusable. If you are pursuing sclerotherapy for cosmetic purposes only, your insurance carrier most likely will not provide coverage.


Question: What everyday activities can cause spinal compression fracture?

Answer: Along with back pain, spinal compression fractures also can cause: Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk but with some relief when you lie down Trouble bending or twisting your body Loss of height A curved, stooped shape to your spine The pain typically happens with a slight back strain during an everyday activity like: Lifting a bag of groceries Bending to the floor to pick something up Slipping on a rug or making a misstep Lifting a suitcase out of the trunk of a car Lifting the corner of a mattress when changing bed linens For many people, a spinal compression fracture will hurt less as the bone heals.


Question: What do spinal compression fractures cause along with back pain?

Answer: Along with back pain, spinal compression fractures also can cause: Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk but with some relief when you lie down Trouble bending or twisting your body Loss of height A curved, stooped shape to your spine The pain typically happens with a slight back strain during an everyday activity like: Lifting a bag of groceries Bending to the floor to pick something up Slipping on a rug or making a misstep Lifting a suitcase out of the trunk of a car Lifting the corner of a mattress when changing bed linens For many people, a spinal compression fracture will hurt less as the bone heals.


Question: What is the main symptom of spinal compression fracture?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The main symptom you'll notice with a spinal compression fracture is back pain. It may start gradually and get worse over time or come on suddenly and sharply. But regardless of how it happens, it's important to let your doctor know about it, especially if you're a woman who is near or over age 50.


Question: What are the signs of multiple spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Symptoms include: Height loss. Eventually, after several vertebrae have collapsed, you will look noticeably shorter. Kyphosis (curved back): When vertebrae collapse, they form a wedge shape, which makes the spine bend forward. Stomach problems: A shorter spine can compress your stomach, causing digestive problems like constipation, a weak appetite, and weight loss. Hip pain : The shorter spine brings your rib cage closer to your hipbones. If those bones are rubbing against each other, it can hurt. Breathing problems : If the spine is severely compressed, your lungs may not work properly and you can have trouble breathing.


Question: What are symptoms of spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Along with back pain, spinal compression fractures also can cause: Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk but with some relief when you lie down Trouble bending or twisting your body Loss of height A curved, stooped shape to your spine The pain typically happens with a slight back strain during an everyday activity like: Lifting a bag of groceries Bending to the floor to pick something up Slipping on a rug or making a misstep Lifting a suitcase out of the trunk of a car Lifting the corner of a mattress when changing bed linens For many people, a spinal compression fracture will hurt less as the bone heals. That can take up to 2 or 3 months. Other people will still have pain after the fracture has healed. For others, the pain may turn into a chronic backache in the injured area. When you have multiple spinal compression fractures, your spine will change a lot. Part of your vertebrae may collapse because the cracks mean it can't support the weight of your spine.


Question: How can alcohol affect you if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, drinking alcohol may cause your blood sugar to either rise or fall. Plus, alcohol has a lot of calories. If you drink, do it occasionally and only when your diabetes and blood sugar level are well-controlled. If you are following a calorie-controlled meal plan, one drink of alcohol should be counted as two fat exchanges. It is a good idea to check with your doctor to see if drinking alcohol is safe for you.


Question: What are the effects of alcohol on diabetes?

Answer: Here are some other ways that alcohol can affect diabetes: While moderate amounts of alcohol may cause blood sugar to rise, excess alcohol can actually decrease your blood sugar level -- sometimes causing it to drop into dangerous levels, especially for people with type 1 diabetes. Beer and sweet wine contain carbohydrates and may raise blood sugar. Alcohol stimulates your appetite, which can cause you to overeat and may affect your blood sugar control. Alcoholic drinks often have a lot of calories, making it more difficult to lose excess weight. Alcohol may also affect your judgment or willpower, causing you to make poor food choices. Alcohol can interfere with the positive effects of oral diabetes medicines or insulin. Alcohol may increase triglyceride levels. Alcohol may increase blood pressure. Alcohol can cause flushing, nausea, increased heart rate, and slurred speech. These may be confused with or mask the symptoms of low blood sugar.


Question: What are guidelines for drinking alcohol if you have diabetes?

Answer: People with diabetes who drink should follow these alcohol consumption guidelines: Do not drink more than two drinks of alcohol in a one-day period if you are a man, or one drink if you are a woman.


Question: How can alcohol affect diabetes?

Answer: Here are some other ways that alcohol can affect diabetes: While moderate amounts of alcohol may cause blood sugar to rise, excess alcohol can actually decrease your blood sugar level -- sometimes causing it to drop into dangerous levels, especially for people with type 1 diabetes. Beer and sweet wine contain carbohydrates and may raise blood sugar. Alcohol stimulates your appetite, which can cause you to overeat and may affect your blood sugar control. Alcohol can interfere with the positive effects of oral diabetes medicines or insulin. Alcohol may increase triglyceride levels. Alcohol can cause flushing, nausea, increased heart rate, and slurred speech.


Question: What's a healthy way to eat if you have diabetes?

Answer: Stick to whole-grain foods. If you eat cereals, check the ingredients and make sure whole grain is first on the list. Examples of whole grains include: Brown rice Bulgur (cracked wheat) Millet Popcorn Quinoa Sorghum Whole oats oatmeal Whole wheat Eat three meals a day, and try to space them out evenly. You should also aim to have the same amount of carbs at each meal. In general, less-processed food is better.


Question: How does smoking affect diabetes?

Answer: It'll give you better control of your blood sugar levels. If you smoke, you're also more likely to have serious health problems as well as a higher chance for complications from diabetes. Those can include: Heart and kidney disease Poor blood flow to the legs and feet, which could lead to infections, ulcers, and amputation of your toes or feet Retinopathy, an eye disease that causes blindness Peripheral neuropathy, nerve damage in the arms and legs that causes weakness, numbness, pain, and poor coordination If you're on insulin or oral diabetes meds like sulfonylureas or meglitinides, drinking alcohol can drop blood sugar to dangerous levels.


Question: What are some good whole grains to eat if you have diabetes?

Answer: Stick to whole-grain foods. If you eat cereals, check the ingredients and make sure whole grain is first on the list. Examples of whole grains include: Brown rice Bulgur (cracked wheat) Millet Popcorn Quinoa Sorghum Whole oats oatmeal Whole wheat Eat three meals a day, and try to space them out evenly.


Question: How does stress affect my diabetes?

Answer: If you're stressed, you may exercise less, drink more, and not watch your diabetes as closely. Stress can raise your blood sugar and make you less sensitive to insulin.


Question: What are the signs of menigitis in babies and young childern?

Answer: If your child is too young to talk, you may have a hard time noticing these symptoms. So in babies and young children, watch for things like: Fever Acts sluggish Irritable Difficulty feeding High-pitched cry Red or purple spots on the skin Cries when held Arches back How fast meningitis symptoms develop can vary.


Question: How quickly do meningitis symptoms develop?

Answer: Bacterial meningitis symptoms come on quickly, usually over a period of hours. With viral meningitis, symptoms might appear over several days.


Question: What are symptoms of meningitis?

Answer: Be on the lookout for these signs in you or your family: Stiff neck that sometimes makes it hard to touch your chin to your chest Headache, which can be severe High fever Confusion Nausea or vomiting Discomfort from bright lights Sleepiness Seizures Rash Sometimes these symptoms follow a flu-like illness, ear infection, or sinus infection. If your child is too young to talk, you may have a hard time noticing these symptoms.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of genital warts in men?

Answer: In men, the warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus. For men, there's no reliable test that can find the virus responsible for genital warts. You'll need to ask your doctor for an exam or get regular exams. In both men and women, genital warts can also show up on the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat.


Question: When should you see your doctor about genital warts?

Answer: See your doctor right away if you or your partner develops bumps or warts in the genital area or if: You have an abnormal discharge from your vagina or penis You have burning, pain, or bleeding when urinating or during sex Your partner is diagnosed with genital warts or is having some of the symptoms Your child has genital warts Your doctor will ask a number of questions, such as: Do you practice safe sex?


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of genital warts in women?

Answer: They might be very small or appear as large clusters. They may be reddish in color or white. Sometimes, you can have genital warts but show no symptoms at all. In men, the warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus. In both men and women, genital warts can also show up on the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat.


Question: What are other ways to prevent baby bottle tooth decay?

Answer: Other techniques to help prevent baby bottle tooth decay: Don't fill bottles with sugar water and soft drinks. Never allow your child to fall asleep with a bottle containing anything but water. Never give your child a pacifier dipped in anything sweet. Reduce the sugar in your child's diet, especially between meals.


Question: Is an ICD different than a pacemaker?

Answer: Both are devices your doctor can implant under your skin to treat arrhythmias. But a pacemaker can usually only help your heart if it's beating too slowly. An ICD is actually bigger, and can have a pacemaker built into it.


Question: When can I go home after surgery to get an ICD?

Answer: You also won't be able to drive for at least a week after your procedure, so make sure you have a ride home from the hospital.


Question: How does an ICD work for heart failure?

Answer: It monitors your heartbeat, and if it detects an irregular rhythm, it can send can one of several types of pulses. During the procedure, your doctor will use X-ray images to guide wires into your veins and connect them to your heart.


Question: How long does an ICD last?

Answer: During the procedure, your doctor will use X-ray images to guide wires into your veins and connect them to your heart. You'll need to have a minor procedure to replace the battery when it is almost out of power.


Question: What are the symptoms that can occur with chronic pain?

Answer: The pain can feel like: A dull ache Throbbing Burning Shooting Squeezing Stinging Soreness Stiffness Sometimes pain is just one of many symptoms, which can also include: Feeling very tired or wiped out Not feeling hungry Trouble sleeping Mood changes Weakness A lack of energy Chronic pain can interfere with your daily life, keeping you from doing things you want and need to do.


Question: What makes you feel chronic pain?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The feeling of pain comes from a series of messages that zip through your nervous system. When you hurt yourself, the injury turns on pain sensors in that area. They send a message in the form of an electrical signal, which travels from nerve to nerve until it reaches your brain. Your brain processes the signal and sends out the message that you hurt. Usually the signal stops when the cause of the pain is resolved -- your body repairs the wound on your finger or your torn muscle. But with chronic pain, the nerve signals keep firing even after you've healed.


Question: What are the symptoms of chronic pain?

Answer: Some of the leading causes include: Past injuries or surgeries Back problems Migraines and other headaches Arthritis Nerve damage Infections Fibromyalgia, a condition in which people feel muscle pain throughout their bodies Chronic pain can range from mild to severe. It can continue day after day or come and go. The pain can feel like: A dull ache Throbbing Burning Shooting Squeezing Stinging Soreness Stiffness Sometimes pain is just one of many symptoms, which can also include: Feeling very tired or wiped out Not feeling hungry Trouble sleeping Mood changes Weakness A lack of energy Chronic pain can interfere with your daily life, keeping you from doing things you want and need to do.


Question: Which conditions cause chronic pain?

Answer: Sometimes chronic pain can begin without any obvious cause. But for many people, it starts after an injury or because of a health condition. Some of the leading causes include: Past injuries or surgeries Back problems Migraines and other headaches Arthritis Nerve damage Infections Fibromyalgia, a condition in which people feel muscle pain throughout their bodies Chronic pain can range from mild to severe.


Question: How should you get help for chronic pain?

Answer: But you and your doctor can work together to treat it. They can help you find relief so pain won't keep you from living your life. Some options include medicine, relaxation therapy, physical therapy, acupuncture, and lifestyle changes, such as getting enough sleep and not smoking.


Question: What should someone do if they have any doubts about the nutritional facts?

Answer: To know for sure what kind of sweetener a food product contains, check the Nutrition Facts label. In the Carbohydrate section, you can see how many carbohydrates the product has, and how much of these carbohydrates are in the form of sugar or sugar alcohol.


Question: What are the different types of sweeteners?

Answer: When you're comparing sweeteners, keep these things in mind: Sugars are naturally occurring carbohydrates. These include brown sugar, cane sugar, confectioners' sugar, fructose, honey, and molasses. They have calories and raise your blood glucose levels (the level of sugar in your blood). Reduced-calorie sweeteners are sugar alcohols. You might know these by names like isomalt, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol. You'll often find them in sugar-free candy and gum. They have about half the calories of sugars and can raise your blood sugar levels, although not as much as other carbohydrates. Artificial sweeteners are considered "free foods." They were designed in a lab, have no calories, and do not raise your blood sugar levels.


Question: How can I know if I can eat a sweet if I have diabetes?

Answer: To know for sure what kind of sweetener a food product contains, check the Nutrition Facts label. In the Carbohydrate section, you can see how many carbohydrates the product has, and how much of these carbohydrates are in the form of sugar or sugar alcohol. For even more nutrition information, read the Ingredients list. It should show any added sweeteners, whether they are sugars, sugar alcohols, or artificial. By understanding more about artificial sweeteners and diabetes, you will be able to make better food choices as you balance sweetness with good blood sugar control.


Question: What are the symptoms of aspirin sensitivity?

Answer: Common examples include: Ibuprofen Naproxen When you take one of the drugs listed above, you might notice: Itchy rash or hives Bloodshot eyes Facial flushing Swelling in your mouth or throat Headache Stuffiness or runny nose Wheezing or shortness of breath Nausea Belly cramping This combination of problems might also be referred to as aspirin triad, and aspirin-sensitive asthma.


Question: What is aspirin sensitivity?

Answer: Others have what doctors call a non-allergic sensitivity to it. That means when they take the drug, they have symptoms -- sometimes dangerous ones -- but they don't have an allergy. People with this condition sometimes have problems with other similar meds for pain. About 3% to 5% of people with asthma have aspirin sensitivity.


Question: What lifestyle triggers cause back pain?

Answer: Back pain can be brought on by things you do -- or don't do -- in your day-to-day life, like: Slouching at your desk Lifting heavy objects Being overweight Not exercising Smoking Wearing high heels Don't underestimate the power of feelings to bring on pain.


Question: How many people does back pain affect?

Answer: This happens to many people older than 60. Less-common causes of back pain are: Kidney stones and infections Endometriosis, a buildup of uterine tissue outside the uterus) Osteomyelitis or discitis, infections in the bones and discs of the spine Fibromyalgia, a condition that causes widespread muscle pain Depending on the cause of your pain, your treatment could include lifestyle changes, medication, or possibly surgery.


Question: When should you call 911 about poison ivy, oak, or sumac allergies?

Answer: Trouble swallowing or breathing Swelling, especially near the eyes or on the face Wash with warm soap and water.


Question: How can you ease itching and discomfort from poison ivy, oak, or sumac allergies?

Answer: Apply cool compresses for 15 to 30 minutes at a time. Avoid topical antihistamines, anesthetics like benzocaine, and antibiotic ointments, all of which may make skin more sensitive. Have the person take oatmeal baths. Apply calamine lotion. If itchiness makes sleep difficult, give an oral antihistamine.


Question: What kinds of foods may have sulfites?

Answer: Examples of foods that may contain sulfites include: Baked goods Soup mixes Jams Canned vegetables Pickled foods Gravies Dried fruit Potato chips Trail mix Beer and wine Vegetable juices Sparkling grape juice Apple cider Bottled lemon juice and lime juice Tea Many condiments Molasses Fresh or frozen shrimp Guacamole Maraschino cherries Dehydrated, pre-cut, or peeled potatoes Ingredients with sulfite to look for on food labels include: Sulfur dioxide Potassium bisulfite or potassium metabisulfite Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium sulfite


Question: Which ingredients with sulfite should you look out for on food labels?

Answer: Examples of foods that may contain sulfites include: Baked goods Soup mixes Jams Canned vegetables Pickled foods Gravies Dried fruit Potato chips Trail mix Beer and wine Vegetable juices Sparkling grape juice Apple cider Bottled lemon juice and lime juice Tea Many condiments Molasses Fresh or frozen shrimp Guacamole Maraschino cherries Dehydrated, pre-cut, or peeled potatoes Ingredients with sulfite to look for on food labels include: Sulfur dioxide Potassium bisulfite or potassium metabisulfite Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium sulfite


Question: What happens during an electrophysiology (EP) study?

Answer: During the EP study, your doctor will safely reproduce your heart rhythm. Then, he may give you different medicines to see which controls it best. Sometimes, one of these studies is done before you get an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator ( ICD). It can help your doctor discover which device is best for you.


Question: What does an electrophysiology (EP) study do?

Answer: It can help find what's causing your irregular heartbeat. It also helps figure out the best treatment for you.


Question: What can I expect during the electrophysiology (EP) study?

Answer: Your nurses and doctor will want to know about any symptoms you are feeling. If your irregular heart rhythm starts up, your doctor may give you medications through your IV to see how well they control it. If necessary, a small amount of energy may be delivered by the patches on your chest to bring back a normal rhythm. Based on the information collected during the study, the doctor may continue with something called an ablation procedure. That scars some of the tissue in your heart to restore a normal rhythm. He may also continue monitoring you with a pacemaker or ICD.


Question: How should I prepare for electrophysiology (EP) study?

Answer: He may ask you to stop certain medications a few days beforehand. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how you should adjust your diabetes medications. Don't eat or drink anything after midnight the evening before. If you must take medications, have them only with a small sip of water. Wear comfortable clothes to the hospital. Bring someone with you.


Question: What should I expect before a electrophysiology (EP) study?

Answer: First, you'll lie on a bed and a nurse will start an intravenous ( IV) line into your arm or hand. You will be given a drug through your IV to relax you and make you drowsy, but it may not put you to sleep. The nurse will connect you to several monitors. Your groin will be shaved and cleansed. Sterile drapes will cover you, from your neck to your feet. A soft strap will be placed across your waist and arms to keep your hands from touching the sterile field. An electrophysiologist (a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal heart rhythms) will numb the skin in your groin (a few inches to the side of your genitalia) with medication. The catheters are threaded to your heart, where they'll sense the electrical activity there and evaluate your heart.


Question: How big is a serving of chicken or meat?

Answer: Restaurant portions are often oversized, so sticking to these basic guidelines can help: One 3-ounce serving of chicken or meat is about the size of a deck of cards, and a 3-ounce serving of fish is about the size of a checkbook. A 1-cup serving is about the size of a baseball, and a half-cup serving is about the size of a lightbulb. An ounce (2 tablespoons) is about the size of a golf ball.


Question: Who can help me not gain weight when I quit smoking?

Answer: Find a professional who can help. Don't be afraid to seek help from a professional. Some people need the support and guidance of a dietician or nutritionist. These experts can give you personalized advice, and help you create an individualized plan that fits your needs.


Question: Are learning disabilities common in children with ADHD?

Answer: In about 20% to 30% of children with ADHD, there is a specific learning disability that makes it hard for a child to master skills, such as math or reading. For example, dyslexia, a type of reading disorder, is often seen in children with ADHD. Diagnosing learning disabilities requires specific academic testing (which is done by a psychologist).


Question: Are anxiety and depression common in children with ADHD?

Answer: Some children with ADHD may have anxiety or depression (about 20% to 25%). If the anxiety or depression is recognized and treated, these children will be better able to handle the problems that accompany ADHD.


Question: Is oppositional defiant disorder common in children with ADHD?

Answer: As many as 30% to 50% of all children with ADHD have oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD). These children are often disobedient and have outbursts of temper. ODD is more common in boys than girls.


Question: Is mania or bipolar disorder common in children with ADHD?

Answer: Mania/ Bipolar Disorder. A few children with ADHD will go on to develop mania. Bipolar disorder is marked by mood swings between periods of intense emotional highs and lows. The bipolar child may have elated moods and grandiosity (feelings of importance) alternating with periods of depression or chronic irritability.


Question: Is conduct disorder common in children with ADHD?

Answer: Approximately 30% to 50% of children with ADHD and ODD may eventually develop conduct disorder ( CD), a more serious pattern of antisocial behavior. These children frequently lie or steal and tend to disregard the welfare of others. They risk getting into trouble at school or with the police.


Question: How will pregnancy affect my cat's diet?

Answer: Just like many other females in the animal kingdom carrying a bun in the oven (or for a cat, an average of 4 buns per litter), your cat may need extra food and calories while she’s expecting. She’ll eat about 1.5 times her normal diet as her pregnancy draws to a close, so make sure she has constant access to her normal fare. Your vet will probably recommend that you feed your pregnant cat kitten food or food that's labeled for pregnant and lactating cats throughout her pregnancy and during the period she is nursing her young.


Question: How can you tell if your cat is pregnant?

Answer: The best way to find out is to make an appointment with your vet. He can confirm that kittens are on the way, and get an idea of how many, in a few ways: Feeling your cat's belly is sometimes useful but not always accurate. Ultrasound can confirm a pregnancy after day 16. Ultrasound cannot tell you how many kittens your cat is carrying. X-rays can determine the number of kittens to expect, but they are not always accurate. There are a few clues that you may notice, too. Her belly will get big around 30 days after she mates. Another symptom that appears as the pregnancy continues, 2 to 3 weeks after she conceives, is her nipples enlarge and redden (also called "pinking up").


Question: What should I do to help my cat's pregnancy?

Answer: So, a cat can have kittens when she’s only 6 months old. The best way to find out is to make an appointment with your vet.


Question: How can I prepare for my cat's pregnancy?

Answer: Make your home a comfortable place for the impending birth. If you normally let your cat go outside, stop that, in case she goes into labor during one of her walkabouts. About 2 weeks before the due date, you may notice your cat is acting different as she gets into nesting mode. To help out, you can scan your home for a good birthing spot for her. Find a medium-sized box with a low opening, and cover it with newspapers, old towels, and soft blankets to create a relaxing area for the mother and her future kittens. You should place the nesting box in a quiet corner of your house. Let your pregnant cat visit it often, before the birth, so she gets used to the area and feels comfortable. Keep in mind that you can guide your cat as much as possible and set up the ultimate birthing spot, but she's going to do what she's going to do. If she wants to give birth in a laundry basket, behind the garbage can, or in the back of your closet, she will. When you notice that she’s in nesting mode, take her to the vet for her final prenatal visit. He can give you more information about how to prepare for the delivery, check on the mother and kitties’ health, and tell you want to do if there’s an emergency during the birth. Two clues that the big day is coming: Cats usually stop eating 24 hours before they give birth, and their temperature drops below 100 F. You’ll meet those kittens soon!


Question: What are symptoms of a cone snail sting?

Answer: Symptoms include intense pain, numbness, and tingling. Symptoms can begin within minutes or take days to appear. Severe cases of cone snail stings involve muscle paralysis, blurred/double vision, and respiratory paralysis, leading to death.


Question: How is cone snail sting treated?

Answer: Avoid contact with these animals. Immerse the affected area in water as hot as is tolerable. Use the pressure-immobilization technique to prevent the venom from spreading through the body as much as possible: The extremity should be wrapped with a bandage in a style similar to wrapping a sprained ankle. Bind the limb firmly but do not block the circulation. Do not cut into the wound, apply suction, or use a tourniquet. Intensive care hospitalization, including use of a respirator, may be required.


Question: What does an optician do?

Answer: They also: Check lens prescriptions Provide, adjust, and repair glasses, frames, and contact lenses Take facial measurements Help decide which type of lenses and frames will work best Order and check products, including contacts and eyeglass lenses One type isn't automatically better than the other.


Question: What are symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer: With pneumonia you might have all the symptoms of flu, but also: High fever up to 105 F Coughing out greenish, yellow, or bloody mucus Chills that make you shake Feeling like you can't catch your breath, especially when you move around a lot Feeling very tired Low appetite Sharp or stabby chest pain (you might feel it more when you cough or take a deep breath) Sweating a lot Fast breathing and heartbeat Lips and fingernails turning blue Confusion (in older people) Little ones who have a cold might have a fever for a few days.


Question: What are flu symptoms?

Answer: The key thing about flu is that the symptoms usually come on strong, seemingly out of the blue. You may have: High fever (anything above 100.4 F) Headache Severe aches and pains Extreme tiredness Dry, hacking cough These symptoms tend to ease up in 2 to 5 days, but you might have a mild cough or sore throat for 2 weeks.


Question: What can I do to protect my brain from the effects of type 1 diabetes?

Answer: The best defense is to control your blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, and follow all of your doctor's instructions. The longer your levels stay really high or low, or swing to extremes, the more likely your brain will be affected. Continuous glucose monitors are a great tool, since they measure blood sugar every 5 minutes.


Question: How does type 1 diabetes affect a child's brain?

Answer: Brain scans show differences between a child with diabetes and one without. Still researchers found no major differences in their IQs, mood, behavior, and learning and memory skills. It's still unknown if the disease can affect things like their muscle movements and how fast they process information.


Question: How does type 1 diabetes affect my brain?

Answer: High blood sugar levels and the stress of managing a long-term disease are to blame. The best defense is to control your blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, and follow all of your doctor's instructions. The longer your levels stay really high or low, or swing to extremes, the more likely your brain will be affected.


Question: How does type 1 diabetes affect an adult's brain?

Answer: Adults who've had type 1 for a long time have slower physical and mental reactions. The condition doesn't seem to impact a person's learning and thinking skills, researchers say. But memory and attention span can be affected. Type 1, like type 2, is linked with a high rate of depression.


Question: How does high blood sugar affect a child's brain?

Answer: The same is true when a child's levels swing up and down a lot. High blood sugar levels and the stress of managing a long-term disease are to blame.


Question: Can acupuncture help treat insomnia?

Answer: Acupuncture Acupuncture is often used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of insomnia. This procedure involves the insertion of very fine needles (sometimes in combination with electrical stimulus or with heat produced by burning specific herbs) into the skin at specific acupuncture points in order to influence the functioning of the body. The results of recent studies have shown acupuncture improved sleep quality in people with insomnia. However, additional research is required before the effectiveness of acupuncture is proved conclusively for the relief of insomnia.


Question: I think Iâm ready to get moving again. What do I need to know about getting fit after an injury?

Answer: Your comeback game-plan should include these steps. Once your doc and therapist have cleared you, spend a little time thinking about why you got injured and what, if anything, you might be able to do to differently the next time around. Did you push your body beyond its limits? A good guideline is to start at about 50% of your "normal" level, and increase only 10% to 15% each week -- assuming your symptoms don't flare-up during or after each session. Cross-training -- doing a variety of activities that work different parts of your body -- is key. It helps you stay fit while the part of your body that's injured regains strength. If you feel a slight pain while exercising, pushing past it can help you make gains. But you should never be in agony, and you should feel better soon after you stop moving. You may have to rest for 1 to 3 days before you try again.


Question: What can you do to manage a leaky heart valve?

Answer: Everyone with a leaky heart valve can benefit from daily exercise, like walking. Before engaging in competitive or contact sports, people with severe valve regurgitation should talk with their doctors. Not smoking and maintaining a healthy weight are just as important for people with leaky heart valves as for other people. Regular follow-up with a doctor, even when there are no symptoms, can ensure a leaky heart valve does not cause problems that could be avoided.


Question: What should I know about a leaky heart valve?

Answer: Or it could cause health problems that could be either minor or serious. How serious a leaky heart valve is depends on how much it interferes with normal blood flow through the heart. Treatments include medicines, surgical repair, or surgical replacement of the leaky valve. Observation over time for changes is the most common approach to a leaky heart valve.


Question: What are the symptoms of a leaky heart valve?

Answer: Frequently, a leaky heart valve causes no symptoms. Many healthy people have one or more valves that are slightly leaky. If the heart valve leak is severe, it may impair the forward flow of blood. This can cause symptoms of congestive heart failure, which include: Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when lying flat Leg swelling or fluid retention elsewhere in the body Other symptoms of a leaky heart valve may include: Lightheadedness Rapid heartbeat Heart fluttering or palpitations Fatigue Even when there is significant valve regurgitation, there may be no symptoms.


Question: What is a leaky heart valve?

Answer: The heart has four valves. They include: tricuspid valve pulmonic valve mitral valve aortic valve The valves consist of flaps that open to let blood flow in one direction as it moves through the chambers of the heart. Then the valves close to keep blood from flowing backwards into the chamber it just left. Each valve typically has three flaps, except for the mitral valve, which has two. Any of the four valves can become leaky. This means that just after the heart squeezes and pumps blood forward, some blood will leak backward through the valve. Leaking through the valve is also called valve regurgitation.


Question: What causes a leaky aortic valve?

Answer: Causes of a leaky aortic valve include: A bicuspid aortic valve, which means the valve has two flaps instead of the normal three High blood pressure, or hypertension Infection of the heart valve, known as endocarditis Marfan syndrome Rheumatic heart disease Many people with aortic regurgitation only require observation over time.


Question: What are some other symptoms of a leaky heart valve?

Answer: This can cause symptoms of congestive heart failure, which include: Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when lying flat Leg swelling or fluid retention elsewhere in the body Other symptoms of a leaky heart valve may include: Lightheadedness Rapid heartbeat Heart fluttering or palpitations Fatigue Even when there is significant valve regurgitation, there may be no symptoms.


Question: How is a leaky heart valve diagnosed?

Answer: A doctor usually diagnoses a leaky heart valve by: Listening to the heart with a stethoscope for abnormal sounds such as a heart murmur Looking at the results of a heart ultrasound, also called an echocardiogram A person's description of symptoms along with the physical exam and echocardiogram can determine how serious a leaky heart valve is.


Question: What is the treatment for pulmonary regurgitation?

Answer: These may be due to: Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary artery (pulmonary hypertension) Previous surgery as a child to repair a severe heart defect Usually, no treatment is required for pulmonary regurgitation. Treating the underlying medical condition is the best approach.


Question: What causes a leaky mitral valve?

Answer: Causes of a leaky mitral valve include: Mitral valve prolapse (an improper closing of the valve) An enlarged heart, called cardiomyopathy, due to hypertension, coronary artery disease, or another cause Endocarditis Rheumatic heart disease Some people with a leaky mitral valve don't require treatment.


Question: What is the treatment for tricuspid regurgitation?

Answer: Medicines may not be effective in treating tricuspid regurgitation. Diuretics, or water pills, can help relieve body swelling, or edema, that's due to congestive heart failure. The swelling is not always present, however. The tricuspid valve may be repaired during surgery to correct other leaky heart valves. Surgical repair of the tricuspid valve generally works better than replacing it. Surgery to replace the tricuspid valve by itself (not along with the mitral or aortic valve) is only recommended in rare cases.


Question: What causes tricuspid regurgitation?

Answer: Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. The main one is congestive heart failure. These may be due to: Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary artery (pulmonary hypertension) Previous surgery as a child to repair a severe heart defect Usually, no treatment is required for pulmonary regurgitation.


Question: How different is early-onset Alzheimerâs disease from other types of Alzheimerâs disease?

Answer: Scientists have found a few ways in which early-onset Alzheimer's is different from other types of the disease. People who have it tend to have more of the brain changes that are linked with Alzheimer's. The early-onset form also appears to be linked with a defect in a specific part of a person's DNA: chromosome 14. A form of muscle twitching and spasm, called myoclonus, is also more common in early-onset Alzheimer's.


Question: Can I return to my normal diet after an esophageal manometry?

Answer: You may resume your normal diet and activities after an esophageal manometry. You may feel a temporary soreness in your throat. Lozenges or gargling with salt water may help.


Question: What is an esophageal manometry?

Answer: Manometry measures the strength and muscle coordination of your esophagus when you swallow. During the manometry test, a thin, pressure-sensitive tube is passed through the nose, along the back of the throat, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. The esophageal manometry test may be given to people who have the following conditions: Difficulty swallowing Heartburn or reflux Non-cardiac Chest pain Prior to anti-reflux surgery Your esophagus moves food from your throat down to your stomach with a wave-like motion called peristalsis.


Question: Why would your doctor ask you to get an esophageal manometry test?

Answer: Before you have an esophageal manometry test, be sure to tell the doctor if you are pregnant, have a lung or heart condition, have any other medical problems or diseases, or if you are allergic to any medications.


Question: How long does the esophageal manometry test last?

Answer: The test lasts from 30 to 40 minutes.


Question: What can I do if I get congested while I'm asleep?

Answer: Do this at night when you sleep to help relieve congested nasal passages. If the angle is too awkward, place the pillows between the mattress and the box springs to create a more gradual slope.


Question: Is blowing your nose good for a cold?

Answer: It's better than sniffling mucus back into your head. But make sure you do it the right way. If you blow hard, you'll send germ-carrying phlegm back into your ear passages, which can lead to an earache. The best technique? Press a finger over one nostril while you blow gently to clear the other.


Question: What are the best things to drink when you have a cold?

Answer: It helps break up your congestion, makes your throat moist, and keeps you from getting dehydrated.


Question: How can I use mentholated salve for a cold?

Answer: Try a small dab under your nose. It opens up breathing passages. Menthol, eucalyptus, and camphor all have mild numbing ingredients that may help relieve the pain of a nose rubbed raw.


Question: How can I treat a sore or scratchy throat at home?

Answer: It moistens your sore or scratchy throat and brings temporary relief. Try a half teaspoon of salt dissolved in 8 ounces of warm water four times a day. To calm the tickle in your throat, try a gargle made from tea. Or use one that's got honey in it.


Question: Does steam help with colds?

Answer: You can loosen up your stuffy nose if you breathe in some steam. Hold your head over a pot of boiling water and breathe slowly through your nose. But be careful. Don't let the heat burn your nose. You can also get some relief with a humidifier in your bedroom. Also try to take in some moisture from a hot shower with the door closed.


Question: What is a salt-water rinse for a cold?

Answer: If you go the rinsing route, try this recipe: Mix 3 teaspoons of iodide-free salt and 1 teaspoon baking soda. Add 1 teaspoon of this mixture to 8 ounces of lukewarm boiled or distilled water. Next, fill a bulb syringe with this solution (or use a Neti pot.) Hold one nostril closed by applying light finger pressure while squirting the mixture into the other nostril. Let it drain. Then treat the other nostril. Also, rinse the bulb or Neti pot after each use and leave open to air dry.


Question: Should I prepare for vomiting or waste during chemotherapy?

Answer: Learn how to handle waste. In the 48 hours after treatment, small amounts of chemotherapy drugs will leave your body through urine, vomit, and other body fluids. It's important to keep these chemicals away from yourself and others in your home. Ask your doctor ahead of time how you should handle laundry or other items that might get dirty. Also ask what precautions you should take when you use the toilet or if you get sick.


Question: Can I drive to chemotherapy sessions?

Answer: Ask someone to drive you to and from treatments. You might feel fine after a session, or you could feel tired and unsafe behind the wheel. It also helps to have a friend or family member with you for emotional support.


Question: For how long do I need to clear my schedule after chemotherapy sessions?

Answer: Don't plan to go to any events or do activities in the hours after chemo. You might just want to go home and take a nap or relax. You may feel very tired the day after a session, as well.


Question: Why should I have help with meals and child care after chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: It might be tough to cook dinner or take care of the kids if you're dealing with side effects like fatigue or nausea. Loved ones can help by cooking and freezing meals for your family ahead of time, volunteering to baby-sit, running errands, or just lending a hand around the house.


Question: Why should someone drive you to and from chemo treatments?

Answer: Ask someone to drive you to and from treatments. You might feel fine after a session, or you could feel tired and unsafe behind the wheel. It also helps to have a friend or family member with you for emotional support.


Question: Can I still care for my pet during chemotherapy?

Answer: Some drugs raise your chance of having infections, so you should avoid picking up dog waste or cleaning litter boxes, bird cages, and fish tanks. Ask your doctor how you can stay safe around your pets, and wash your hands after touching any animals.


Question: What kind of food should I buy before chemotherapy sessions?

Answer: Stock up on healthy groceries. Staying hydrated can ease some side effects, so have plenty of low-calorie drinks on hand. You might also want to buy frozen meals or sign up for a meal delivery service for the days you don't feel like cooking. Keep a mix of fruits, vegetables, and high-protein snacks like yogurt, too.


Question: Why should I visit the dentist after chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: Mouth sores are a common side effect, so it's smart to get dental work or cleanings before you start your sessions. You should also ask about good oral care during chemo, like brushing with a soft toothbrush and using an alcohol-free mouth rinse.


Question: Why should I talk to my employer about my chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: Talk with your employer. Some people schedule chemotherapy around their work hours, but many others find that they need time off, both for the treatment appointments and in the days or weeks after. Know your options and your rights. The law requires many companies to give their employees time off for chemotherapy. See if your boss will be flexible with you until you know how you'll feel.


Question: Can I still have sex during chemotherapy?

Answer: You or your partner should not get pregnant while you're having treatment, since chemotherapy drugs can damage sperm and cause birth defects. The drugs can also stay in semen and vaginal fluids, so even if you take birth control pills, you should use condoms. Talk to your doctor about how long you should take precautions.


Question: Why should I learn how to handle waste after chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: In the 48 hours after treatment, small amounts of chemotherapy drugs will leave your body through urine, vomit, and other body fluids. It's important to keep these chemicals away from yourself and others in your home. Ask your doctor ahead of time how you should handle laundry or other items that might get dirty. Also ask what precautions you should take when you use the toilet or if you get sick.


Question: Why should I stock up on healthy groceries after chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: Stock up on healthy groceries. Staying hydrated can ease some side effects, so have plenty of low-calorie drinks on hand. You might also want to buy frozen meals or sign up for a meal delivery service for the days you don't feel like cooking. Keep a mix of fruits, vegetables, and high-protein snacks like yogurt, too.


Question: Can I work during chemotherapy?

Answer: Talk with your employer. Some people schedule chemotherapy around their work hours, but many others find that they need time off, both for the treatment appointments and in the days or weeks after. Know your options and your rights. The law requires many companies to give their employees time off for chemotherapy. See if your boss will be flexible with you until you know how you'll feel.


Question: Why is oral care important during chemotherapy?

Answer: Mouth sores are a common side effect, so it's smart to get dental work or cleanings before you start your sessions. You should also ask about good oral care during chemo, like brushing with a soft toothbrush and using an alcohol-free mouth rinse.


Question: How can I prepare for hair loss during chemotherapy?

Answer: You might lose your hair, so think about whether you'll want to wear a wig, a hat, or a scarf until it grows back. If you shop for a wig before you start treatments, you'll have more energy, and you'll be able to better match your hair's natural color and texture. You can also cut your hair short before chemo starts. It might be less of a shock to lose short hair, and these styles will grow back quicker.


Question: Why should I plan for pet care after chemotherapy treatments?

Answer: Some drugs raise your chance of having infections, so you should avoid picking up dog waste or cleaning litter boxes, bird cages, and fish tanks. Ask your doctor how you can stay safe around your pets, and wash your hands after touching any animals.


Question: How long does a chemotherapy session take?

Answer: To make your life easier and more comfortable as you recover, think about how you'll take care of yourself at home before you go in for treatment. Some people schedule chemotherapy around their work hours, but many others find that they need time off, both for the treatment appointments and in the days or weeks after.


Question: How much help will I need around the house during chemotherapy sessions?

Answer: It might be tough to cook dinner or take care of the kids if you're dealing with side effects like fatigue or nausea. Loved ones can help by cooking and freezing meals for your family ahead of time, volunteering to baby-sit, running errands, or just lending a hand around the house. Plan for pet care.


Question: What is an umbilical hernia?

Answer: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Before his umbilical cord falls off, you may notice that the area seems to stick out a little more when he cries. Or maybe, once the cord is gone, you see that his navel sticks out (an âoutie,â as it's commonly called). In some cases, even if you can't see a bulge, you might be able to feel one.


Question: How is an umbilical hernia managed after surgery?

Answer: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment. As he recovers, he should avoid swimming for 5 to 10 days and sports for 2 to 3 weeks. Your doctor will want to see him for a follow-up appointment in 2 to 4 weeks.


Question: How is an umbilical hernia treated?

Answer: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment. Usually, the hole heals on its own by the time your child is 4 or 5 years old. Even if it doesn't, it'll likely get smaller. That'll make surgery a bit easier. If the hole is large, he may recommend surgery before your child turns 4 or 5. It takes about 45 minutes, and your child will be given anesthesia so that he will not be awake. The surgeon will make a small cut just below the belly button. If any part of the intestine pokes through, he'll put it back where it belongs. The doctor will use stitches to close the hernia. He'll also sew the skin under the navel to give it an âinnieâ look. Then, he'll seal the cut with surgical glue that'll hold the edges of the wound together.


Question: What are symptoms of umbilical hernia?

Answer: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. You'll be able to see the hernia most clearly when your child cries, coughs, or strains as he tries to poop. Your child's doctor can tell if he has one during a physical exam. You'll want to keep a close eye on your child's hernia for signs that the intestine has been trapped in the hole and can't go back in. Doctors call this an incarcerated hernia. It can cause the area around the belly button to become painful, swollen, and even discolored. If you notice any of these symptoms, take your baby to the emergency room. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment.


Question: Can you prevent gum disease if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you control your blood sugars well, you're less likely to have these problems. Studies show that people who have good control of their diabetes are less likely to have gum disease than those who don't control their diabetes well. They also tend to lose fewer teeth from gum disease. What's more, recent research shows that having gum disease may make your blood sugars worse. But prompt help for gum disease can improve your blood sugar levels.


Question: Is gum disease the only mouth complication of diabetes?

Answer: Schedule a visit right away if you have any of these signs of gum disease: Gums that are red, swollen, sore, or bleed easily Gums that pull away from your teeth Sensitive or loose teeth Changes in the way your bite feels Dentures that don't fit right Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth Diabetes and Mouth Problems Gum disease is the most common mouth problem for people with diabetes. But diabetes raises your chances of other mouth problems, too. You can't fight infections as well, and high blood sugar makes it easier for germs and bacteria to grow in your mouth.


Question: What can you do if your diabetes causes dry mouth?

Answer: Diabetes also makes dry mouth and problems with healing more likely. A dry mouth can cause soreness and ulcers and lead to cavities and salivary gland infections. If your mouth is dry, try drinking more water or chewing sugar-free gum. You can also use a saliva substitute, which is sold in most drugstores.


Question: What should I do if I think I have thrush?

Answer: But it doesn't have to if you control your blood sugar. See your dentist regularly. If you have problems with healing, it may take longer for your mouth to heal after any type of dental surgery.


Question: What is thrush?

Answer: Schedule a visit right away if you have any of these signs of gum disease: Gums that are red, swollen, sore, or bleed easily Gums that pull away from your teeth Sensitive or loose teeth Changes in the way your bite feels Dentures that don't fit right Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth Diabetes and Mouth Problems Gum disease is the most common mouth problem for people with diabetes. Having thrush can also make it hard to swallow and affects how food tastes. If you have any symptoms of thrush, see your doctor or dentist.


Question: How can having diabetes affect dental surgery?

Answer: You may need to take an antifungal drug to treat it. Healing problems can also raise your chances of infection. Be sure to let your dentist know you have diabetes.


Question: How common is heartburn?

Answer: Whether you're one of the lucky few who generally has an iron stomach -- or you need heartburn relief nearly every day -- rest assured: You can soothe the burn.


Question: Can medicines cause heartburn?

Answer: Your pharmacist can answer questions about medications, side effects, and drug interactions, but can't prescribe new medications for heartburn.


Question: How long does it take for heartburn treatment to work?

Answer: The answer depends on whether you're about to try an over-the-counter antacid or a long-term prescription drug. Each heartburn treatment works differently, but in general: Antacids like Tums work instantly, but wear off quickly. Antacids work best if taken 30 to 60 minutes before eating. Histamine blockers take effect in about an hour, but must be taken twice a day for heartburn prevention.


Question: When should you see a doctor about heartburn?

Answer: You should schedule a visit with your doctor if you are experiencing symptoms more than twice/week, your heartburn is increasing in frequency or severity or if it persists even after taking non-prescription or prescription medications.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with treating heartburn?

Answer: Coffee, chocolate, carbonated drinks, fatty and spicy foods, tomatoes, citrus fruits, some dairy, and alcohol are common heartburn triggers. With heartburn, eating smaller meals and avoiding food for two to three hours before bedtime can ease symptoms. You may want to keep a heartburn diary to help determine what foods trigger the problem. Cutting out smoking and losing weight if you're overweight can also relieve heartburn.


Question: What over-the-counter antacids can help with treating occasional heartburn?

Answer: Many doctors and pharmacists suggest over-the-counter antacids for occasional heartburn. Histamine blockers, or H2- Blockers, such as Ranitidine ( Zantac) and Famotidine ( Pepcid) can also be found over-the-counter to help relieve symptoms of acid reflux. These are good acid reducers to start with if you haven't been on any medications.


Question: What medications can help with treating persistent heartburn?

Answer: Histamine blockers, or H2- Blockers, such as Ranitidine ( Zantac) and Famotidine ( Pepcid) can also be found over-the-counter to help relieve symptoms of acid reflux. Your pharmacist or your doctor can explain how each drug works, and what to expect.


Question: How does the testosterone test work in males versus females?

Answer: In males, the testosterone test can help find the reason for sexual problems, like reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction. If you're having a hard time getting your partner pregnant, the test can tell if your blood testosterone level is low. A low testosterone level can also mean a problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which controls how much testosterone your body makes. In females, this test can find the reason you're missing periods, not having periods, having a hard time getting pregnant or experiencing male patterns of hair growth such as on your chest or face. Doctors can also use it to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS), which causes elevated testosterone. That's a hormone problem that can cause irregular periods and make it hard to get pregnant. Testosterone testing is part of the work-up of certain adrenal tumors.


Question: What are normal total testosterone results in adult women?

Answer: Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone.


Question: Do women make testosterone too?

Answer: Women make testosterone too, but in smaller amounts. They produce it in their ovaries. It helps maintain hormone balance and regulates other body functions.


Question: What are the signs of high testosterone in women?

Answer: In women, they include: Fertility problems Low sex drive Skipped or no menstrual periods Vaginal dryness Weakened bones -- osteoporosis Signs of high testosterone in women include: Acne and oily skin Darkened areas of skin Deep voice Enlarged clitoris Excess hair on the face or body Hair loss on the head (baldness) Skipped or no periods It's a simple blood test that's usually done early in the morning, when your testosterone levels are highest.


Question: What are normal total testosterone results in adult men?

Answer: Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone.


Question: Why is it important to know the connection between fibromyalgia and depression?

Answer: Learning more about the connection between fibromyalgia and depression can help you seek appropriate medical treatment from your doctor. That includes asking your doctor about antidepressants. By following an appropriate fibromyalgia treatment plan and getting the support of family and friends, you can take control of your fibromyalgia. You can also get control over your symptoms of depression and improve your quality of life.


Question: What are signs of depression with chronic pain in people with fibromyalgia?

Answer: The signs of depression with chronic pain may include: decreased energy difficulty concentrating or making decisions feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or irritability loss of interest in nearly all activities persistent sad or anxious mood uncontrollable tearfulness In severe cases, depression with chronic pain can lead to thoughts of death or suicide.