Question: How can punctal plugs help with SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: Tiny plugs can be placed in the tear duct by your eye doctor to keep more lubrication on your eyes. It usually takes a couple of minutes in the exam chair.


Question: How can good oral hygiene help with SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: Good mouth care may not prevent a dry mouth, but it helps prevent infection and cavities. Toothpastes and oral gels are available for people with dry mouth symptoms. These products contain low doses of peroxide. ( High amounts can cause more severe dryness.) These products also may have antibacterial action to reduce the severity of dental cavities over a long period of time.


Question: What medications are used to treat SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: Two prescription drugs, Evoxac and Salagen, stimulate saliva production and may relieve the dry mouth symptoms. In some patients, the anti-rheumatic drug Plaquenil has been beneficial in decreasing pain and salivary gland swelling. For patients with generalized symptoms, particularly when the disease affects internal organs (including the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, brain, or spinal cord), high doses of immunosuppressive drugs may be necessary. These include medicines such as prednisone and, rarely, chemotherapy-type medications such as methotrexate. Balance rest and exercise. Guided exercise programs can help patients overcome fatigue, maintain flexibility, and overcome joint and muscle pain.


Question: How is good oral hygiene used to treat SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: Good mouth care may not prevent a dry mouth, but it helps prevent infection and cavities. Toothpastes and oral gels are available for people with dry mouth symptoms. These products contain low doses of peroxide. ( High amounts can cause more severe dryness.) These products also may have antibacterial action to reduce the severity of dental cavities over a long period of time.


Question: How can increasing eye moisture help with SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: Toothpastes and oral gels are available for people with dry mouth symptoms. Artificial tears must be used regularly and more often in dry environmental conditions such as on airplanes, in air-conditioned buildings, and on windy days. While artificial tears are helpful, they often do not last long enough. Thicker preparations are available that last longer. These often are used at bedtime because they sometimes cause blurry vision. Eye drops containing cyclosporine ( Cequa, Restasis) or lifitegrast ophthalmic solution ( Xiidra), treat inflammation in the glands around the eyes and may help to increase tear production. While Cequa or Restasis are often used at bedtime because they sometimes causes blurry vision, Xiidra is used twice a day.


Question: Is there a cure for SjÃ¶gren's syndrome?

Answer: SjÃ¶gren's syndrome occurs in two basic forms: primary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome -- the disease by itself and not associated with any other illness; and secondary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome -- disease that develops in the presence of another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis. The goals of treatment are to decrease discomfort and reduce the harmful effects of dryness. The type of treatment prescribed will be tailored to each patient's symptoms and needs.


Question: How is secondary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome diagnosed?

Answer: SjÃ¶gren's syndrome occurs in two basic forms: primary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome -- the disease by itself and not associated with any other illness; and secondary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome -- disease that develops in the presence of another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis. Biopsy of the inner lip (performed in some cases to prove the diagnosis of primary SjÃ¶gren's syndrome).


Question: What is the first aid for seizures?

Answer: Seizure first aid is a matter of taking precautions. You're most likely to need it for a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Keep other people out of the way. Clear hard or sharp objects away from the person. Don't try to hold her down or stop the movements. Place her on her side, to help keep her airway clear. Look at your watch at the start of the seizure, to time its length. Don't put anything in her mouth. Contrary to a popular myth, you can't swallow your tongue during a seizure. But if you put an object in her mouth, she could damage her teeth or bite you.


Question: What is the sequence of events of tonic-clonic seizures?

Answer: They have a set sequence of events: The person may become unresponsive. She doesn't answer if you call. She won't react if you wave a hand in her face or shake her. She may suddenly collapse. Her muscles clench and she becomes rigid as a board. This is the tonic phase. It lasts a few seconds. Next, a series of jerking movements convulse her body. This is the clonic phase. It can last a few seconds or several minutes. Eventually, the jerking stops and she regains consciousness. She may be confused or disoriented for a short period.


Question: How can I treat my allergies?

Answer: Many types of allergy pills or nasal spray are available with or without a prescription. Both work best if you use them before you're around your triggers.


Question: What are the different nasal sprays for allergies?

Answer: Saline spray .


Question: What are the different types of allergy pills?

Answer: Many types of allergy pills or nasal spray are available with or without a prescription. You may want to try these on their own or with a nasal spray to get allergy relief. But they don't ease congestion. Decongestants . They shrink swollen nasal tissues and relieve stuffy noses. Decongestants don't usually work as quickly in pill form as they do in sprays. These drugs can raise blood pressure, so talk to your doctor before taking them, especially if you have high blood pressure. Some drugs combine decongestants and antihistamines to ease many symptoms. They can relieve itching, sneezing, and a runny, stuffy nose.


Question: What should you eat to help treat psoriasis?

Answer: There's no solid evidence that any one food makes psoriasis better or worse. At the same time, many say their sores got better after they cut back on foods like sugar, white flour, or caffeine. It won't hurt to try, especially if you cut out not so healthy foods.


Question: How can quitting smoking help treat your psoriasis?

Answer: You can add psoriasis to the long list of health problems this habit makes worse. In one study, people who smoked more than a pack a day were twice as likely to have a serious case as those who smoked half a pack or less. The effects were even stronger in women who already had psoriasis. Kicking the habit is one of the best things you can do to care for your condition.


Question: Can smoking make psoriasis worse?

Answer: You can add psoriasis to the long list of health problems this habit makes worse. In one study, people who smoked more than a pack a day were twice as likely to have a serious case as those who smoked half a pack or less. The effects were even stronger in women who already had psoriasis. Kicking the habit is one of the best things you can do to care for your condition.


Question: How should I bathe if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Baths and showers can dry your skin. To keep that from happening: Make sure the water's not too hot. Lukewarm is best. Add non-fragrance salts or oil or finely ground oatmeal to bathwater after you've soaked for a minute. Plain water can suck moisture out. Take fewer showers and baths. They can strip your skin of natural oils. Bathe every other day or every third day, especially in the winter.


Question: How can I keep psoriasis from affecting my emotional health?

Answer: Don't let your condition affect your self-esteem. Ask for help if you find it's taking a toll on you. Talk to a therapist such as a psychologist or social worker or join a support group. Time with other people who understand what you're going through can help.


Question: How should you tend to your mental health to help with psoriasis?

Answer: Don't let your condition affect your self-esteem. Ask for help if you find it's taking a toll on you. Talk to a therapist such as a psychologist or social worker or join a support group. Time with other people who understand what you're going through can help.


Question: How should you keep your skin moist to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Medicines work best, but you can do things to treat your psoriasis without a prescription. After putting on thick lotions or creams, seal in the moisture with ointments like petroleum jelly, shortening, or olive oil. Sweat mixed with thick creams can make your psoriasis worse. Right after your bath or shower, pat yourself dry -- don't rub -- with a towel. Before you go to bed, wrap your skin with a bandage or plastic wrap. In the morning, wash the area gently. Over time, this can help with scaling. Baths and showers can dry your skin. To keep that from happening: Make sure the water's not too hot. But stick with it.


Question: Should I drink at all if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Limit how much sun you get. Psoriasis is more common in people who drink heavily. Alcohol may affect men's psoriasis more than women's. Women should have no more than one drink a day, and men should stop at two.


Question: How should you get some sun to take care of your psoriasis?

Answer: But stick with it. Use a sunscreen that contains zinc oxide and has an SPF of 30 or higher on areas that don't have psoriasis. Limit how much sun you get. Twenty minutes a day 3 days a week is a good start. Talk to your doctor first, though.


Question: Can sunlight help with psoriasis?

Answer: But stick with it. Use a sunscreen that contains zinc oxide and has an SPF of 30 or higher on areas that don't have psoriasis. Limit how much sun you get. Twenty minutes a day 3 days a week is a good start. Talk to your doctor first, though.


Question: What is an angina or chest pain?

Answer: Angina -- or chest pain -- occurs because the heart is not receiving enough oxygen. The pain is usually in the chest and may also be felt in the shoulder, arm, or jaw. Not all chest pain is angina and it may be difficult to determine the cause of chest pain.


Question: What should I do if I feel chest pains at home?

Answer: Stop doing whatever it is that causes your symptoms, remain calm, and call 911. Immediate help and intervention is your best chance for survival if you are having a heart attack or other serious problem. Lie down in a comfortable position with your head up. If you have regular adult aspirin or its equivalent, chew one (as long as you are not allergic to aspirin). Chewing more than one will not do any good and may cause unwanted side effects.


Question: How can an injury cause keratitis?

Answer: Light may hurt your eyes, and you also may have: Blurry vision Lots of tears or a discharge Swelling Several things can lead to keratitis: Injury: Most of the time, keratitis comes from damage to your cornea. You might have been poked in the eye or scratched your eye with your fingernail. It also can happen if you wear your contact lenses too long or wear lenses that don't fit right. The injury may cause the inflammation, but it can also let in bacteria or a fungus that leads to an infection.


Question: What are some other causes of keratitis?

Answer: Other causes: A lack of vitamin A, some illnesses that involve a problem with your immune system, and diseases that cause very dry eyes can lead to keratitis.


Question: How do doctors treat keratitis?

Answer: If your keratitis is caused by an injury, it usually clears up on its own as your eye heals. You may get an antibiotic ointment to help with symptoms and prevent infection. Infections are treated with prescription eye drops and sometimes antibiotics or antiviral medicine. Keratitis is usually easy to treat and clears up quickly. But if an infection goes deeper than the surface of your cornea, it can leave scars that damage your vision or even cause blindness.


Question: How can a fungus cause keratitis?

Answer: Fungus: It's also very rare to get a fungal infection in your eye. It usually comes from being scratched in the eye by a branch or from contaminated contacts. Eye surgery also can cause this.


Question: What is keratitis?

Answer: Doctors sometimes use the term "corneal ulcer." It's usually caused by an injury or infection. See your doctor right away if you have a problem with your eyes. Keratitis can become serious quickly. The first sign of keratitis is usually eye pain and redness.


Question: How can a parasite cause keratitis?

Answer: Parasite: Acanthamoeba is a microorganism that lives just about everywhere -- in the air, soil, and bodies of water. It's even found in tap water. It's harmless most of the time. But it can cause an eye infection, especially if you wear contacts. It's very rare, but also very hard to treat.


Question: How can a bacterial infection cause keratitis?

Answer: Bacterial infection: This happens less often, but it can be a problem for people who wear contact lenses. Bacteria can grow on your contacts or contact case if you don't clean and store them properly. Extended-wear lenses, the kind you sleep in for days or even weeks at a time, are most likely to lead to this. Infection can also come from contaminated eye drops or contact solution. Or it can happen after eye surgery.


Question: How can a viral infection cause keratitis?

Answer: Viral infection: This is usually herpes simplex, the chicken pox virus, or the common cold. If you're sick, be careful about touching your eyes and keep your hands clean.


Question: How is keratitis diagnosed?

Answer: See your doctor right away if you have a problem with your eyes. She also may swab under your eyelid to get a sample to test for infection. Don't wear your contacts until you find out what's wrong.


Question: What are the symptoms of keratitis?

Answer: Keratitis is painful inflammation of your cornea -- the clear covering over the pupil and colored part of your eye. Your eye may burn or feel irritated, like you have something in it. You may not even be able to open it. Light may hurt your eyes, and you also may have: Blurry vision Lots of tears or a discharge Swelling Several things can lead to keratitis: Injury: Most of the time, keratitis comes from damage to your cornea.


Question: What are the side effects of radiation for bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Radiation can cause side effects such as: Fatigue Skin redness in the area where you got treatment Sore throat and mouth Cough Shortness of breath These problems should go away once you stop the treatment.


Question: What are the symptoms of carcinoid tumors related to bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Carcinoid tumor symptoms include: Cough, sometimes with blood Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain Flushing of the face Infections such as pneumonia Adenoid cystic carcinoma symptoms include: Lump on the roof of the mouth, under the tongue, or in the bottom of the mouth Trouble swallowing Hoarse voice Numbness in the jaw, roof of the mouth, face, or tongue Bump under the jaw or in front of the ear Mucoepidermoid carcinoma symptoms include: Swelling in the glands near your ears, under your lower jaw, or in your mouth Numbness or weakness of your face Pain in your face To diagnose bronchial adenoma, your doctor may give you one or more of these tests: Biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.


Question: How is targeted therapy used to treat bronchial adenoma?

Answer: These treatments look for proteins or genes that are unique to your cancer, and that help it grow. Then it targets those substances to stop the cancer from spreading.


Question: What are the different types of bronchial adenoma?

Answer: These include: Carcinoid tumors affect hormone-producing cells and nerve cells. They can form in the lungs, or in the stomach and intestines. Adenoid cystic carcinoma usually starts in the salivary glands in the mouth and throat. It also can affect the trachea, tear glands in the eyes, sweat glands, or a woman's uterus, vulva, or breasts. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma happens in the salivary glands. Most cancers of this type affect the parotid glands in front of the ears.


Question: What are the symptoms of adenoid cystic carcinoma?

Answer: Carcinoid tumor symptoms include: Cough, sometimes with blood Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain Flushing of the face Infections such as pneumonia Adenoid cystic carcinoma symptoms include: Lump on the roof of the mouth, under the tongue, or in the bottom of the mouth Trouble swallowing Hoarse voice Numbness in the jaw, roof of the mouth, face, or tongue Bump under the jaw or in front of the ear Mucoepidermoid carcinoma symptoms include: Swelling in the glands near your ears, under your lower jaw, or in your mouth Numbness or weakness of your face Pain in your face To diagnose bronchial adenoma, your doctor may give you one or more of these tests: Biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.


Question: How is a bronchial adenoma diagnosed?

Answer: Carcinoid tumor symptoms include: Cough, sometimes with blood Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain Flushing of the face Infections such as pneumonia Adenoid cystic carcinoma symptoms include: Lump on the roof of the mouth, under the tongue, or in the bottom of the mouth Trouble swallowing Hoarse voice Numbness in the jaw, roof of the mouth, face, or tongue Bump under the jaw or in front of the ear Mucoepidermoid carcinoma symptoms include: Swelling in the glands near your ears, under your lower jaw, or in your mouth Numbness or weakness of your face Pain in your face To diagnose bronchial adenoma, your doctor may give you one or more of these tests: Biopsy removes a small piece of tissue. A specialist checks the sample under a microscope to see if it's cancer. X-rayuses low doses of radiation to make images of structures inside your body. A chest X-ray can look for a tumor in your lungs. MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging,uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures of organs and structures inside your body. It can show the size of the tumor. You may get a liquid to drink, or into a vein before the test. This contrast dye will help create a clearer picture. Your doctor might also do other types of scans to look for the tumor and see if it has spread.


Question: Are there symptoms of bronchial adenoma?

Answer: You may not have any symptoms at first, because carcinoid tumors and some other types of bronchial adenomas grow slowly. Which kinds of symptoms you eventually get depends on where the cancer is located.


Question: How is radiation used to treat bronchial adenoma?

Answer: This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. It can relieve symptoms and help you feel better. You also can get it after surgery to kill any cancer cells left behind.


Question: What are possible side effects of chemotherapy used to treat bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Possible side effects from chemo include: Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Hair loss Loss of appetite Diarrhea Increased risk of infection Immunotherapy.


Question: What does your treatment for bronchial adenoma depend on?

Answer: Which treatment you get depends on your: Type and stage of cancer Age Health Preferences Options include: Surgery.


Question: What are the symptoms of a bronchial adenoma?

Answer: You may not have any symptoms at first, because carcinoid tumors and some other types of bronchial adenomas grow slowly. Which kinds of symptoms you eventually get depends on where the cancer is located.


Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Possible side effects from chemo include: Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Hair loss Loss of appetite Diarrhea Increased risk of infection Immunotherapy.


Question: Where can you get support for your bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Treatment for bronchial adenoma can be stressful. It's important to talk openly about your feelings with your doctors, nurses, and the other members of your treatment team. A therapist, psychologist, or counselor can help you get through some of the concerns and emotions you may feel. You may also want to look for a support group for other people with this condition. It helps to be able to talk with people who know what you're going through, because they know what it's like and can relate to you.


Question: What is a bronchial adenoma?

Answer: Although the word "adenoma" means a noncancerous tumor, most bronchial adenomas are cancer and can spread to other parts of the body. Yet they often grow slowly and are treatable, so if you have one, keep in mind that they have a good outlook. Adenoid cystic carcinoma usually starts in the salivary glands in the mouth and throat.


Question: What should you expect from treatment of bronchial adenoma?

Answer: You may get a liquid to drink, or into a vein before the test. This means your doctors can't find any cancer left in your body and you have no symptoms. Bronchial adenomas can come back even after they are treated. This is called a recurrence. You'll see your doctor for regular checkups, blood tests, and scans to check for signs of cancer. If your cancer does return, your doctor will try the same treatments, or new treatments to stop its spread.


Question: What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer: In the other types, the muscular left ventricle becomes very thick. High blood pressure may cause your left ventricle to enlarge (a type known as hypertrophy). The thickening (which doctors call hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) can also be inherited.


Question: How does an echocardiogram help diagnose an enlarged heart?

Answer: An ultrasound of your heart -- you may hear it called an echocardiogram -- is the best way to diagnose it. There's no pain or risk from it. It measures the heart's: Size Muscle thickness Pumping function In some cases, it can help your doctor figure out what's causing your enlarged heart.


Question: What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the main type of enlarged heart. The walls of both sides (also known as ventricles) become thin and stretched. This enlarges your heart.


Question: What causes an enlarged heart?

Answer: But it's usually the result of high blood pressure or coronary artery disease. Most often, an enlarged heart causes no symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: Guillain- Barre syndrome strikes quickly. You usually feel it first in your arms and legs. You may notice muscle weakness or a âpins and needlesâ tingling in your hands and feet, which later moves toward your midsection. You may also feel unusually tired. Your reflexes may slow. Some people feel only a mild weakness. Others become almost entirely paralyzed and struggle to swallow or breathe. If you feel anything more than mild weakness, you should call 911. Your symptoms can get worse quickly. Most people are at their weakest 3 weeks after symptoms appear.


Question: What causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: No one's sure if a germ or virus, like the Zika virus, causes GBS . It could be that some illnesses alter your nerve cells, so your immune system starts to view them as threats. Others think your immune system forgets which cells it shouldn't attack.


Question: What are the treatments for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: In some cases, in order to speed recovery, the doctor will take blood from your body, âcleanâ it, and then return it to you. This process is called plasmapheresis. Your doctor may give you immunoglobulin, or antibodies. You'll get high doses of healthy cells through an IV. These help lessen your immune system's attack on your body.


Question: What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: It can cause muscle weakness, reflex loss, and numbness or tingling in parts of your body. It can lead to paralysis, which is usually temporary. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Most people recover, even those with severe cases. In fact, 85% of people with GBS make a full recovery within 6 to 12 months. Once you get better, the chance of it returning is very small. Guillain- Barre syndrome strikes quickly.


Question: How long is the recovery period for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Answer: You usually feel it first in your arms and legs. It may take a while for you to feel like yourself again. After a hospital stay, you may still feel weak and need a wheelchair or walker to get around. You may have physical therapy to build up your strength . A small number of people also have permanent nerve damage. If your symptoms continue longer, you may be suffering from a chronic form of GBS called chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and will need more aggressive treatment.


Question: What type of breathing problem is kussmaul breathing?

Answer: This pattern of fast, deep breaths sometimes happens in people who have a problem related to diabetes known as diabetic ketoacidosis. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't use sugar for energy the way it should. Instead, it burns stored fat for energy. That raises the level of acid in your blood. Your body tries to get things back into balance by getting rid of more carbon dioxide, so you breathe in faster and breathe out more deeply. Because it changes your body's chemistry, Kussmaul breathing can lead to fruity-smelling breath.


Question: What type of breathing problem is bradypnea?

Answer: This is when you feel âshort of breath,â like your body can't get enough air. Bradypnea can be a sign of a condition that affects your metabolism or another problem, like sleep apnea, carbon monoxide poisoning, or a drug overdose. It means you're breathing faster than normal.


Question: How can you tell if you have reached a healthy weight?

Answer: Yet stepping on your bathroom scale alone won't tell you if you're at a healthy weight, since it doesn't take your height into account. At 150 pounds, you're overweight if you measure 5 feet 2 inches tall, but just right if you're 6 feet 2 inches. A more accurate measure is your body mass index ( BMI), which calculates your weight in relation to your height. A BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 is healthy.


Question: What does it mean when your doctor tells you to 'eat more whole grains'?

Answer: What It Means: When doctors talk about "whole grains," they mean grains that haven't been refined. The grains in white bread and white rice have had their nutrient-dense outer layers removed. What's left behind is mainly empty carbs. Whole wheat, brown rice, and steel-cut oats have kept their outer layers, which are packed with fiber. That fiber will keep you feeling full for longer, which may be why people who eat more whole grains report greater weight-loss success.


Question: How many servings of whole grains should you eat in a day?

Answer: Ideally, you want to eat at least 3 ounces of whole grains daily. One slice of whole-grain bread or 1/2 cup of cooked brown rice counts as an ounce. To spot whole grains when you shop, look for "100% whole grains" on the food's label.


Question: How do your blood sugar levels change as you eat?

Answer: Then it dips a few hours later as insulin moves glucose into your cells. Between meals, your blood sugar should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). This is called your fasting blood sugar level.


Question: What goes wrong in the body with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer: There are two types of diabetes: In type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't have enough insulin. The immune system attacks and destroys cells of the pancreas, where insulin is made. In type 2 diabetes, the cells don't respond to insulin like they should. So the pancreas needs to make more and more insulin to move glucose into the cells. Eventually, the pancreas is damaged and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's needs.


Question: What are the two types of diabetes?

Answer: There are two types of diabetes: In type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't have enough insulin. The immune system attacks and destroys cells of the pancreas, where insulin is made. In type 2 diabetes, the cells don't respond to insulin like they should. So the pancreas needs to make more and more insulin to move glucose into the cells. Eventually, the pancreas is damaged and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's needs.


Question: How does the body make glucose?

Answer: It mainly comes from foods rich in carbohydrates, like bread, potatoes, and fruit. As you eat, food travels down your esophagus to your stomach. There, acids and enzymes break it down into tiny pieces. During that process, glucose is released. It goes into your intestines where it's absorbed. From there, it passes into your bloodstream. Once in the blood, insulin helps glucose get to your cells.


Question: Why is too much glucose in the bloodstream bad?

Answer: Too much glucose in your bloodstream for a long period of time can damage the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your organs. High blood sugar can increase your risk for: Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke Kidney disease Nerve damage Eye disease called retinopathy People with diabetes need to test their blood sugar often. Exercise, diet, and medicine can help keep blood glucose in a healthy range and prevent these complications.


Question: How does your blood glucose level drop and how does it store glucose?

Answer: After you haven't eaten for a few hours, your blood glucose level drops. Your pancreas stops churning out insulin. Alpha cells in the pancreas begin to produce a different hormone called glucagon. It signals the liver to break down stored glycogen and turn it back into glucose. That travels to your bloodstream to replenish your supply until you're able to eat again. Your liver can also make its own glucose using a combination of waste products, amino acids, and fats.


Question: How does your body use glucose?

Answer: From there, it passes into your bloodstream. Insulin acts like a key, unlocking muscle, fat, and liver cells so glucose can get inside them. Most of the cells in your body use glucose along with amino acids (the building blocks of protein) and fats for energy. After your body has used the energy it needs, the leftover glucose is stored in little bundles called glycogen in the liver and muscles. Your body can store enough to fuel you for about a day. That travels to your bloodstream to replenish your supply until you're able to eat again. Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat. This is called your fasting blood sugar level.


Question: What is glucose?

Answer: As it travels through your bloodstream to your cells, it's called blood glucose or blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy and storage. Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat.


Question: How does autologous (AUTO) stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?

Answer: In an autologous ( AUTO) transplant, doctors take healthy stem cells from your bone marrow or blood. They're frozen and carefully stored. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. After your treatment ends, your thawed stem cells are returned to your bloodstream through an IV. They'll find their way back to your bone marrow. Once there, they help your body make healthy blood cells again.


Question: How can stem cell treatments for cancer be harder for older patients?

Answer: Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects. Also, it's more likely you'll have another health condition like high blood pressure or diabetes. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant.


Question: What are stem cells?

Answer: They grow inside your marrow, the soft tissue of your bones. They're also in your blood, as well as blood from umbilical cords. As they mature, blood stem cells change into three types of cells your body needs: Platelets that help your blood clot Red blood cells that give your body oxygen White blood cells that fight off illness There are two types of transplants.


Question: How will my cancer treatment change before I get stem cell treatment?

Answer: You'll start out with a lower dose of chemo and radiation before you get the stem cells. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.


Question: What if my doctor can't find a donor for allogeneic transplant?

Answer: If your doctor can't find a donor, he may use cells from donated umbilical cord blood. After a baby is born, blood rich in stem cells remains in the discarded cord and placenta. It can be frozen and stored in a cord blood bank until its stem cells are needed. Cord blood is tested before it's banked. This lets doctors quickly check to see if there's a match for you.


Question: What are cancer stem cells?

Answer: They're cells that advance cancer. Experts used to think all cancer cells were the same. Now, there's reason to believe that special, fast-growing cancer stem cells keep your disease alive by reproducing. If that's true, in the next few years, the focus of treatments could shift from trying to shrink tumors to trying to kill this type of cell.


Question: Why would I need a stem cell transplant for leukemia or lymphoma?

Answer: For some, it may be the best -- or only -- approach. Since they're outside your body, they aren't harmed during the chemotherapy or radiation treatments you'll need to get rid of your cancer cells. Your doctor may want you to have a reduced-intensity, or âmini,â stem cell transplant. They're cells that advance cancer.


Question: Is there risk of stem cell transplant rejection in stem cell treatment of cancer?

Answer: In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's when your body fights to get rid of the new cells, or the cells launch an attack against you. It could happen right after the transplant or not until a year later. Thanks to strides in the matching process in the past decade or so, your odds of having more problems from the treatment are much lower than they used to be. You'll also get medicine after your transplant that works to keep those problems at bay.


Question: How does allogeneic, or ALLO, stem cell transplant work to treat cancer?

Answer: In an allogeneic, or ALLO, transplant, you get healthy stem cells from a donor. It's important that the donor's bone marrow closely matches yours. If it doesn't, your body may reject their cells. Before an ALLO transplant, you'll get chemotherapy, radiation, or both. It's less taxing on your body, and new cells can still grow and fight your cancer.


Question: What are the side effects of stem cell treatments for cancer?

Answer: If you have leukemia or lymphoma, you may need a stem cell transplant. What and how severe they are depend on the dose. You might have: Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Bleeding Severe infections That doesn't sound great, but advances in cancer treatment can make them easier to live with. Still, if you're older, it can be harder for you to manage side effects.


Question: What are the treatments for myasthenia gravis?

Answer: You may be put on a drug called pyridostigmine ( Mestinon), that increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate the receptors. If you continue to have symptoms on pyridostigmine, an immunotherapeutic agent is usually added. These include azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclosporine ( Neoral), eculizumab ( Solaris) mycophenolate ( Cell Cept), and prednisone to suppress the immune system. In severe cases, you may need to have your blood sent through a special machine that removes the antibody-containing plasma and replaces it with antibody-free plasma. This is called plasmapheresis. You may also be given a preparation called intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIg) through a needle in a vein. If you have a thymoma, you will need surgery to remove your thymus (thymectomy).


Question: What situations affect myasthenia gravis?

Answer: Situations that affect myasthenia gravis include: Changes in thyroid function Surgery Radiation therapy Infection Certain medications can exacerbate symptoms of myasthenia gravis, including: Antibiotics (particularly those called aminoglycosides) Narcotic drugs Penicillamine Magnesium Anesthesia Muscle relaxants Beta-blockers to treat heart arrhythmias Some women notice that their symptoms worsen around the time of their menstrual period.


Question: What are some breakfast ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For breakfast: Fruit, non-sugary cereal, oatmeal, and low-fat yogurt are among the good choices for breakfast foods. Use skim or 1% milk rather than whole or 2% milk (after age 2, or as recommended by your doctor).


Question: What are some lunch and dinner ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For lunch and dinner: Bake or grill foods instead of frying them. Use whole-grain breads and rolls to make a healthier sandwich. Also, give your child whole-grain crackers with soups, chili, and stew. Prepare pasta, beans, rice, fish, skinless poultry, or other dishes. Always serve fresh fruit (with the skin) with meals.


Question: What are some snack ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol?

Answer: For snacks: Fruits, vegetables, breads, and cereals make great snacks for children. Children should avoid soda, juice and fruit drinks.


Question: What causes high cholesterol in children?

Answer: Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol.


Question: How is high cholesterol diagnosed in children?

Answer: Children also may have high levels of cholesterol, which can cause health problems, especially problems with heart disease, when the child gets older. Conducting such a test is especially important if there is a strong family history of heart disease or if a parent of the child has high cholesterol. The blood test results will reveal whether a child's cholesterol is too high. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( NHLBI) the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that all children should be screened once between ages 9 and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21.


Question: When is selective screening for cholesterol recommended for children?

Answer: Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol. For kids aged 10 years and older with extremely high cholesterol levels (or high levels with a family history of early heart disease), drug treatment should be considered.


Question: What should you keep in mind when exercising if you have Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Always warm-up before beginning your exercise routine and cool down at the end. If you plan to workout for 30 minutes, start with 10-minute sessions and work your way up. If you have difficulty balancing, exercise within reach of a grab bar or rail. If you have trouble standing or getting up, try exercising in bed rather than on the floor or an exercise mat. If at any time you feel sick or you begin to hurt, stop.


Question: What tests help diagnose juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).


Question: Should children with rheumatoid arthritis get plenty of rest?

Answer: When it flares up, the child will look and act sick. Children can have good days with few or no symptoms, and worse days with flare-up symptoms.


Question: What is the treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn). These help relieve fever, pain, and joint inflammation. Corticosteroid medications like prednisone are also used. They lessen the immune response and help with inflammation.


Question: What may test results for systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis show?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).


Question: Can you prevent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the rarest form. It's believed to run in families though, so family medical history can give you a clue.


Question: How do health issues affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: People with heart disease, lung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to get DVT. So are people who have cancer or are going through cancer treatment.


Question: How does sitting or being in bed affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: If your muscles don't move for a while, blood starts to pool in your lower legs. This makes it more likely for a clot to form.


Question: How does age affect how you can get deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: The odds that you'll get DVT increase with your age.


Question: What can you do to lower your risk of getting deep vein thrombosis?

Answer: You can't change many of the things that could lead to DVT. But try these 6 tips to keep your blood moving through your body the way it should: Don't sit for too long. Get up and stretch or walk around at least every 2 hours. It can also help to move your legs while you're seated. If you think you're at risk for DVT, your doctor might advise you to take blood thinners. These are drugs that help prevent clots. He may also suggest that you wear compression stockings. These stockings fit tightly around your ankle but become looser as they go up your leg. They make it harder for blood to pool in your legs. Plan your travel. If you know you'll be sitting on a train, plane, or in a vehicle for a while, stand up often and stretch your legs. Make sure to wear loose clothing. Drink lots of water and avoid alcohol. If your body doesn't have enough fluid, your blood vessels narrow and clots are more likely to form. Stay active. Regular exercise lowers your chances of getting a blood clot. Even walking can help. Take care of your health. That may mean losing weight or giving up smoking. If you have heart disease, diabetes, or another chronic illness, follow your doctor's orders to manage these health issues.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about my migraines or headaches?

Answer: Migraines and several other headache disorders are a real source of pain, but most of the time, they're not signs that you have a serious medical problem. But when you have new symptoms or problems that are more severe than normal, it's worth talking to your doctor. Know your personal headache symptoms -- what's normal for you and what's not, and when you need emergency help.


Question: When should I get medical help immediately for my headache?

Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life


Question: When should you let your doctor know about your migraines or headaches?

Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life


Question: When do you need medical help for you migraines or headaches?

Answer: The following headache symptoms mean you should get medical help right away: A sudden, new, severe headache that comes with: Weakness, dizziness, sudden loss of balance or falling, numbness or tingling, or can't move your body Trouble with speech, confusion, seizures, personality changes, or inappropriate behavior Blurry vision, double vision, or blind spots Fever, shortness of breath, a stiff neck, or rash Headache pain that wakes you up at night Severe nausea and vomiting Headaches that happen after a head injury or accident A new type of headache that starts for the first time after age 50 Have headaches that are triggered by coughing, bending, sexual activity or other intense physical activity Have a history of headaches but have noticed a recent change in your symptoms or pattern of attacks These migraine or headache symptoms don't need urgent care, but you should let your doctor know if you: Have three or more headaches per week Have headaches that keep getting worse and won't go away Need to take a pain reliever every day or almost every day for your headaches Need more than two to three doses of over-the-counter medications per week to feel better Have headaches that interfere with your family, work or social life


Question: What are symptoms of pain in toddlers?

Answer: Fortunately, at this age, children in pain can talk, if only to say, " Owie, owie, owie!" They will often also clutch the part that hurts. Pulling or rubbing the ear is common in toddlers and although it can sometimes indicate ear pain, it may be habit. Suspect an ear infection if your child has had cold symptoms or a fever and begins to tug at the ear suddenly.


Question: How can you tell if a baby is in pain?

Answer: Here are signs that a baby may be in pain. For example, crying that can't be soothed with a bottle, diaper change, or cuddling could signal pain. Crying while nursing. Prolonged, intense crying, often at the same time each day. This behavior is common with colic. Crying and drawing the legs up to the abdomen. Chronic pain can sap a baby's energy, causing him or her to become still, quiet, and to avoid eye contact.


Question: What do pain in young children and teenagers mean?

Answer: Chronic or recurrent pain is common in children and adolescents. Pain that comes on suddenly can be caused by viral infections or by something more serious like appendicitis. Recurrent stomachaches and headaches. Recurrent body aches, usually along with trouble falling or staying asleep, could mean your child is depressed or anxious. Chest pain that comes and goes, and can be reproduced by pressing on the chest, can be caused by muscle strain or inflammation of the rib cartilage and often occurs after your child takes up a new sport, increases physical activity, or experiences muscle tension due to emotional stress. Chest pain following an injury could indicate a broken rib or collapsed lung. Persistent chest pain is less common and could mean your child has asthma or an infection, such as pneumonia. Know that even if doctors find no physical cause for pain in a child, something is still wrong. Finally, don't ignore chronic pain in your child.


Question: How can I prevent autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can. This helps move more blood to your lower body and ease your blood pressure Take off tight clothes or other irritants Pee Quick steps can keep the problem from getting worse.


Question: What are the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer: Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache. You also may have: Heavy sweating Anxiety Slow heart rate Blurry vision Goosebumps on the lower body Trouble breathing Stuffy nose If you have autonomic dysreflexia symptoms, here are a few things you can do until you can get medical help: Sit up as much you can.


Question: What causes autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer: You can get autonomic dysreflexia if you've injured your spinal cord around the bottom of the shoulder blades or above. You can lose feeling and muscle control below the damaged spot. But the nerves there still try to send signals back to the brain. That can make your body do the wrong thing. Sometimes, even a full bladder or an ingrown toenail is enough to send your nerve responses into overdrive. Other things that can set off the condition include: Constipation Kidney stones Urinary tract infection Inserting a catheter, a medical tube Hemorrhoids Irritated or blistered skin Pressure on the scrotum, in men Sexual stimulation The first signs of autonomic dysreflexia usually are a flushed feeling or a pounding headache.


Question: How is HPV treated in men?

Answer: There is no treatment for HPV infection in men when no symptoms are present. Instead, doctors treat the health problems that are caused by the HPV virus. When genital warts appear, a variety of treatments can be used. The patient can apply prescription creams at home. Or a doctor can surgically remove or freeze off the warts. Early treatment of warts is discouraged by some doctors because genital warts can go away on their own. It can also take time for all warts to appear. So a person who treats warts as soon as they appear may need another treatment later on. Anal cancer can be treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The specific treatments depend on the stage of cancer -- how big the tumor is and how far the cancer has spread.


Question: How can you prevent spreading HPV?

Answer: Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent HPV transmission. Risk of transmission can be lowered if a person has sex only with one person who is not infected and who is also monogamous. To lower the risk of HPV transmission, men can also limit the number of sex partners and pick partners who have had few or no partners in the past. Condoms can provide some protection against HPV transmission. Unfortunately, they aren't 100% effective, since HPV is transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact. The virus can still infect the skin uncovered by the condom.


Question: Is there an HPV vaccine for men?

Answer: The HPV vaccine Gardasil, approved for use in females in 2006, was approved for males in 2009. Gardasil is approved for boys and men ages 9 to 26 for the prevention of genital warts caused by two HPV strains: HPV 6 and HPV 11. Those are two of the four HPV strains that Gardasil targets. In late 2010, Gardasil was also approved for the prevention of anal cancer. More recently, the FDA approved Gardasil 9. It prevents infection by the same HPV types as Gardasil plus HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58. Collectively, these types are implicated in 90% of cervical cancers. Gardasil 9 is approved for use in males ages 9 to 26.


Question: What tests are used to check for HPV in men?

Answer: Genital warts are the first symptom you may see with low-risk HPV strains that cause warts but not cancer. To diagnose genital warts in men, the doctor will visually check a man's genital area to see if warts are present. Some doctors will apply a vinegar solution to help identify warts that aren't raised and visible. But the test is not foolproof. Sometimes normal skin is mistakenly identified as a wart. There is no routine test for men to check for high-risk HPV strains that can cause cancer. However, some doctors are urging anal Pap tests for gay and bisexual men, who are at higher risk of anal cancer caused by HPV. In an anal Pap test, the doctor collects cells from the anus, and then has them checked for abnormalities in a lab.


Question: How can you manage HPV in a relationship?

Answer: If a man's long-term sexual partner has HPV, chances are good HPV transmission has already occurred and he also has it. HPV in men may clear from the body more easily than in women. Women, in general, often clear the virus in two years or less. The HPV types associated with cervical cancer usually do not cause health problems for a heterosexual man having sex with an HPV-infected woman. If a partner has HPV, it does not necessarily mean they have had sex with someone else recently. The virus can lay dormant in the body for years without causing noticeable symptoms.


Question: What is the risk of HPV infection in men?

Answer: Both of these cancer types are rare, especially in men with a healthy immune system. Men who have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) are also at higher risk of getting this cancer. Most cancers that are found in the back of the throat, including at the base of the tongue and in the tonsils, are HPV related. In fact, these are the most common HPV-related cancers found in men. More than 13,000 new cases are diagnosed in men each year. Other types of HPV virus rarely cause cancer in men, but they do cause genital warts. At any given point in time, about 1% of sexually active men in the U. S. will have genital warts. The types of high-risk HPV that can cause cancer rarely present any symptoms in men or in women. However, some doctors are urging anal Pap tests for gay and bisexual men, who are at higher risk of anal cancer caused by HPV.


Question: What should you know about HPV infection in men?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } HPV infection can increase a man's risk of getting genital cancers, although these cancers are not common. HPV can also cause genital warts in men, just as in women. More than half of men who are sexually active in the U. S. will have HPV at some time in their life. Often, a man will clear the virus on his own, with no health problems. Men who have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) are also at higher risk of getting this cancer. Other types of HPV virus rarely cause cancer in men, but they do cause genital warts. It can also take time for all warts to appear.


Question: What are the symptoms of HPV in men?

Answer: Other types of HPV virus rarely cause cancer in men, but they do cause genital warts. Genital warts are the first symptom you may see with low-risk HPV strains that cause warts but not cancer.


Question: How can someone prevent a stroke?

Answer: If you have diabetes and your doctor suspects your arteries are hardened, he may suggest diet and lifestyle changes -- along with medicines -- to prevent the blockages that lead to stroke. Other ways to lower your odds of a stroke include: Don't smoke. Control your blood sugar level. Stay at a healthy weight. Exercise regularly. Get your cholesterol checked (especially your LDL, or "bad," cholesterol). The target should be an LDL level of less than 100 mg/dl. Your doctor may suggest changes to your diet to help get the numbers down. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. The guidelines are no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks a day for men. Have your blood pressure checked. Your doctor will tell you how to get it under control it if it's high. Take preventive medicines if your doctor prescribes them. Take daily aspirin if prescribed by your doctor. Some people with diabetes can benefit from low doses of aspirin (81 mg - 325 mg a day) to prevent heart disease.


Question: What is a stroke?

Answer: In a stroke, one of the many blood vessels that supply your brain with oxygen becomes damaged or blocked. If the blood flow is cut off for more than 3 to 4 minutes, that part of your brain begins to die. There are two types of strokes: Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by a ruptured artery.


Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent stroke if I have diabetes?

Answer: Some people with diabetes can benefit from low doses of aspirin (81 mg - 325 mg a day) to prevent heart disease.


Question: What are some other treatments for a stroke?

Answer: Other treatment options include a surgery called carotid endarterectomy to remove plaque from inside your carotid artery, which supplies much of the blood to your brain. Another treatment is known as carotid angioplasty and stenting. Doctors insert a deflated balloon into the artery to expand its walls. They follow it with a mesh structure, the stent, which holds the artery open. This procedure may not be as effective, especially if you have diabetes.


Question: What is the treatment for stroke?

Answer: Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body) Trouble speaking or understanding words or simple sentences Sudden blurred vision or worse vision in one or both eyes Sudden trouble swallowing Dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination Brief loss of consciousness Sudden inability to move part of the body (paralysis) Sudden, unexplainable, and intense headache One treatment for ischemic stroke is a clot-buster drug called t PA, which must be taken within the first 3 hours after stroke symptoms begin. It dissolves the clot that has clogged an artery and can restore blood flow to brain tissue. But this drug isn't for all people who have an ischemic stroke, especially if you've had major surgery in the previous 2 weeks or recent head trauma. Also, several new and experimental drugs may stop and even reverse brain damage if taken immediately after a stroke. Other treatment options include a surgery called carotid endarterectomy to remove plaque from inside your carotid artery, which supplies much of the blood to your brain. Another treatment is known as carotid angioplasty and stenting. Doctors insert a deflated balloon into the artery to expand its walls. They follow it with a mesh structure, the stent, which holds the artery open. This procedure may not be as effective, especially if you have diabetes. There are other ways to remove a blood clot in the brain. The FDA has approved the Merci Retrieval System and the Penumbra System for certain people. These devices can remove a blood clot after the stroke.


Question: What are symptoms of stroke?

Answer: Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body) Trouble speaking or understanding words or simple sentences Sudden blurred vision or worse vision in one or both eyes Sudden trouble swallowing Dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination Brief loss of consciousness Sudden inability to move part of the body (paralysis) Sudden, unexplainable, and intense headache One treatment for ischemic stroke is a clot-buster drug called t PA, which must be taken within the first 3 hours after stroke symptoms begin. This procedure may not be as effective, especially if you have diabetes.


Question: What usually causes stroke?

Answer: Others include smoking cigarettes and high levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol. Have your blood pressure checked.


Question: Can getting good sleep help with my stress?

Answer: Adults need an average of 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night. If you're stressed out, you're most likely getting way less, and it's probably pretty low-quality sleep. This -- you guessed it -- will cause you to be even more stressed. So, you need to make a serious commitment to going to bed earlier and getting more restful sleep. Your new yoga or meditation program could do wonders for your sleep. Before bed, wind down by turning off your various devices and reading instead of looking at a screen.


Question: Should I see a therapist to help me manage my stress?

Answer: Many of us feel like we have to handle stress on our own. But there's no shame in getting professional help when stress starts to take a toll on your mental and physical health. Beyond being a friendly and knowledgeable person to talk to, a therapist can assist you in making the major life changes on this list. A psychologist or counselor can coach you through a career switch, advise you on how to handle toxic people, motivate you to start that exercise routine, and even teach you how to meditate.


Question: What happens when stress becomes chronic?

Answer: When it becomes chronic stress, it can do real harm to your body, and cause emotional and physical problems, including: Digestive problems Reproductive issues Muscle tension Fatigue Chest pain High blood pressure Anxiety Irritability Depression All of these stress-related problems can, in turn, make you withdraw socially and maybe try to cope through drugs, alcohol, and overeating -- all of which cause their own serious complications.


Question: Can finding a new job cut stress out of your life?

Answer: This is a big change, and yes, it's easier said than done. But the workplace is the biggest source of stress for Americans. If your job is causing you mental and physical harm, you should take the leap and find a new one if the problems at work simply can't be fixed.


Question: What are ways to deal with stress?

Answer: But when it's not, it can build up and become more than you can handle. Many of us feel like we have to handle stress on our own.


Question: Do I need to cut people out of my life to help manage my stress?

Answer: We all have our own ways of dealing with everyday stress, like getting a little more sleep, working out, or maybe even just blowing off some steam with friends. But there's a big case for exercise as a stress reducer. It makes your body produce endorphins (âfeel-good hormonesâ), boosts your mood, and makes you concentrate on physical movement instead of on daily worries. And you might have to end the relationship in no uncertain terms. A psychologist or counselor can coach you through a career switch, advise you on how to handle toxic people, motivate you to start that exercise routine, and even teach you how to meditate.


Question: What kind of sexual side effects can treatment for cervical cancer cause?

Answer: If you're getting chemotherapy for cervical cancer, you may notice a loss of libido or other sexual side effects like vaginal dryness during and after treatment. This is because chemotherapy causes your ovaries to suddenly stop producing estrogen. Your doctor can recommend estrogen replacement therapy or a topical estrogen cream. Radiation therapy in your pelvic area can damage your ovaries and change in your vaginal lining. Talk to your doctor about your treatment and whether he can recommend any specific strategies for preventing long-term side effects. Talking to your treatment team, your partner, and other cancer survivors can help you deal with the sexual changes you're experiencing and figure out ways to cope.


Question: What are the treatments for cervical cancer?

Answer: You and your doctor will decide what treatment is best for you, and it may include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or targeted therapy. And it could have side effects, including changes in your appetite or sense of taste, nausea, and weight loss or weight gain. Making good food choices during treatment can help you feel better, tolerate side effects, lower your chances of infection, and even heal faster.


Question: How can exercise help in treating cervical cancer?

Answer: Your treatment program may make you feel extra tired, and exercise probably seems impossible. But even doing a small amount can have tons of benefits. It can help you stay strong, improve your appetite and energy, and help you feel less stressed or depressed. Talk with your doctor to about what exercise makes sense for you, and pay attention to how you feel when moving your body. When your doctor approves it, and you're up for it, even adding 30 minutes of walking to your day can make a big difference in how you feel.


Question: How can I look good while I get treated for cervical cancer?

Answer: Some medications can change your appearance and that can affect how you feel about yourself. Talk to your doctor about your specific treatment plan and whether it will make you lose your hair. If you do, he should be able to write a prescription for a hair prosthesis so your insurance company will cover the cost of a wig. Your doctor and your hairdresser might also have tips for keeping your hair while you go through treatment. Your skin might also change during treatment. It could get more dry or sensitive, or may take on a yellowish tinge. Using mild, fragrance-free products and hypoallergenic moisturizers can help. Chemotherapy and radiation can make you more likely to sunburn, so be sure to protect your skin with sunblock (at least SPF 30 with broad spectrum) and a hat anytime you go outside.


Question: What are good foods to eat if you have cervical cancer?

Answer: Making good food choices during treatment can help you feel better, tolerate side effects, lower your chances of infection, and even heal faster. One important way to do this is to eat a variety of foods so you get the nutrients you need, including: Antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E) Carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) Healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats) Proteins (fish, poultry, lean red meat, eggs, low-fat dairy products) Vitamins and minerals Water Plant-based foods are a good source of vitamins and minerals. You should try to eat at least 2.5 cups of colorful fruits and vegetables daily, including citrus. Try new foods, too, like beans, and keep high-fat foods from animals to a minimum. If you have side effects like sore throat or diarrhea, avoid snacking on acidic foods that can make them worse.


Question: When should I see my doctor about my child spitting up?

Answer: Unlike happy spitters, babies with GERD may have: Discomfort and pain caused by the reflux Breathing problems, like gagging, choking, coughing, wheezing, and, worst-case scenario, pneumonia from inhaling their stomach contents into their lungs Sometimes poor growth, because vomiting keeps them from getting enough nutrients If your baby has any of these symptoms, talk to your pediatrician, who can see if your baby has GERD.


Question: Why does my baby spit up?

Answer: After your baby swallows milk, it glides past the back of his throat and goes down a muscular tube, called the esophagus, to his stomach. A ring of muscles connects the esophagus and stomach. It opens to let the milk go into the stomach, and then it closes back up. If that ring, called the lower esophageal sphincter, doesn't tighten again, the milk can come back up. That's reflux.


Question: How can I keep my child from spitting up?

Answer: After that, he may stop spitting up. Keep your baby upright for 30 minutes after a feeding to let gravity help keep things down. Burp him after every feeding. Sometimes these simple steps help enough to keep your little one a happy spitter. If not, your pediatrician may suggest medications that can help. Each has possible benefits and side effects. The doctor can help you decide which, if any, is right for your baby.


Question: What is cyclosporine (Neoral) for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Cyclosporine What it is: Cyclosporine ( Neoral) is used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. It is also approved for treating psoriasis.


Question: What is laser treatment?

Answer: Laser Treatment What it is: A form of light therapy that uses lasers.


Question: What are vitamin A derivatives for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Vitamin A Derivatives What it is: A man-made form of vitamin A.


Question: What is apremilast (Otezla) for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Apremilast ( Otezla) What it is: An oral drug approved to treat psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis in adults.


Question: How does methotrexate treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: Methotrexate slows the rate of skin cell growth. Methotrexate can be given by pill, liquid, or injection.


Question: How is biologic treatment used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: Biologics block immune cells that are involved in psoriasis. These drugs are given by a shot or by an IV infusion.


Question: What are the types of ultraviolet B therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: This releases a narrow band of ultraviolet light to target small areas of the skin.


Question: What are the side effects of PUVA therapy (photochemotherapy) for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include skin irritation, redness, a burning or itching sensation, blisters, dry skin, sunburn, and a higher risk for skin cancer.


Question: What are biologic drugs?

Answer: Biologic Treatments What it is: Biologic drugs target the immune response that causes inflammation.


Question: How does apremilast (Otezla) work for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: Apremilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 ( PDE-4), which controls inflammation within a cell.


Question: What are the side effects of methotrexate for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, lightheadedness, easy bruising and bleeding, fever, mouth ulcers, trouble sleeping, sensitivity to sunlight, hair loss, dry cough, shortness of breath, stomach pain, a blistering or peeling rash, blood in your pee or poop, peeing less often, and liver damage. Pregnant women are at risk of having a baby with birth defects while taking this drug.


Question: How is apremilast used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: Apremilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 ( PDE-4), which controls inflammation within a cell.


Question: How will doctors treat severe psoriasis?

Answer: If you have very severe psoriasis, you may need to take more than one of these drugs at a time. Sometimes adding ultraviolet light or sunlight to a psoriasis pill, injection, or cream can help it work better.


Question: What are the side effects of biologics used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include swelling or rash where the shot went in, increased risk for infections including tuberculosis, and cancers such as lymphoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. You will need to be tested for tuberculosis while taking a biologic drug. You will also need to have regular blood tests to check your number of immune blood cells.


Question: What biologic drugs are used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Biologic drugs include: Ixekizumab ( Taltz) and secukinumab ( Cosentyx). These are antibodies that bind to interleukin-17 A, a protein that is involved in inflammation. Guselkumab ( Tremfya) and risankizumab-rzaa ( SKYRIZI). These medicationsselectively block interleukin-23 ( IL-23) and are given by injection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers, including adalimumab ( Humira), etanercept ( Enbrel), and infliximab ( Remicade). These drugs block a chemical messenger of the immune system called TNF-alpha. People with psoriasis have too much of this substance, which causes inflammation. Ustekinumab ( Stelara). This drug blocks cytokines in the body called interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, which are thought to promote the increased growth rate of skin cells and inflammation from psoriasis.


Question: How will my doctor determine my treatment for psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor will also consider these things when helping you choose a treatment: The type of psoriasis you have How much psoriasis affects your life Your health Treatment costs to you Your doctor may use the Koo- Menter Psoriasis Instrument to help decide which treatment you need. This one-page tool asks questions to find out how much psoriasis is affecting your life.


Question: How are other immunosuppressives used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Other Immunosuppressives There are a few drugs that slow down the immune response and may be used in selected cases, but are used âoff-labelâ ( They are not FDA approved for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis). They include azathioprine, hydroxyurea, and 6-thioguanine.


Question: What are the side effects of cyclosporine (Neoral) for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include skin irritation, redness, a burning or itching sensation, blisters, dry skin, sunburn, and a higher risk for skin cancer.


Question: What is methotrexate for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Methotrexate What it is: A drug that was first used to treat cancer.


Question: What are the side effects of ultraviolet B therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include nausea (from oral psoralens), itching, redness, burns, blisters, freckles or aged skin, cataracts if you don't wear sunglasses, and a higher risk for skin cancer, including melanoma.


Question: What is PUVA therapy (photochemotherapy) for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: PUVA Therapy ( Photochemotherapy) What it is: You use a medicine called psoralen, which makes your skin more sensitive to light. Then you are exposed to ultraviolet A ( UVA) light.


Question: What is apremilast?

Answer: Apremilast ( Otezla) What it is: An oral drug approved to treat psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis in adults.


Question: What treatments are used for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Even though everyone with psoriasis is different, doctors have a few standard treatments that they try in people with moderate to severe psoriasis. These include: Light therapy (phototherapy) Medications that suppress your immune system or target specific immune responses linked to psoriasis These treatments aim to slow down the rapid skin cell growth in psoriasis. They can also help smooth out scaly skin and reduce inflammation.


Question: How do biologic treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis work?

Answer: How it works: Biologics block immune cells that are involved in psoriasis. These drugs are given by a shot or by an IV infusion.


Question: What is ultraviolet B therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Ultraviolet B ( UVB) Therapy What it is: Ultraviolet B ( UVB) therapy uses the same type of ultraviolet radiation found in sunlight. It's used to treat psoriasis that doesn't respond to creams and lotions.


Question: How does ultraviolet B therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis work?

Answer: How it works: Your body is exposed to UVB light from a light box in a doctor's office or at home. The UVB light goes into your skin and slows skin cell growth.


Question: What are the side effects of biologic treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include swelling or rash where the shot went in, increased risk for infections including tuberculosis, and cancers such as lymphoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. You will need to be tested for tuberculosis while taking a biologic drug. You will also need to have regular blood tests to check your number of immune blood cells.


Question: What is moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Moderate psoriasis covers 3% to 10% of your body. Severe psoriasis covers more than 10% of your body or is on sensitive areas like your face, palms, soles, or skin folds.


Question: How does laser treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis work?

Answer: How it works: A thin beam of light targets psoriasis without affecting nearby skin.


Question: What are the side effects of vitamin A derivatives used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: There are two types of vitamin A: Acitretin in a pill ( Soriatane) Tazarotene in a cream, gel, or foam ( Avage, Fabior, Tazorac) Side effects can include hair loss; thin nails; dry mouth, eyes, and skin; bleeding gums; nosebleeds; headache; joint or muscle pain; increased levels of fat in the blood; and sensitivity to sunlight.


Question: What other immunosuppressives are used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Other Immunosuppressives There are a few drugs that slow down the immune response and may be used in selected cases, but are used âoff-labelâ ( They are not FDA approved for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis). They include azathioprine, hydroxyurea, and 6-thioguanine.


Question: What are vitamin A derivatives?

Answer: Vitamin A Derivatives What it is: A man-made form of vitamin A.


Question: What is PUVA Therapy?

Answer: PUVA Therapy ( Photochemotherapy) What it is: You use a medicine called psoralen, which makes your skin more sensitive to light. Then you are exposed to ultraviolet A ( UVA) light.


Question: What factors will my doctor consider in choosing a treatment for moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor will also consider these things when helping you choose a treatment: The type of psoriasis you have How much psoriasis affects your life Your health Treatment costs to you Your doctor may use the Koo- Menter Psoriasis Instrument to help decide which treatment you need.


Question: What are the side effects of apremilast used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and headache. These side effects may stop with continued treatment. In studies, a small number of people stopped taking Apremilast because of an adverse reaction. Some participants also had unexplained weight loss. It's recommended that those taking the drug have their weight checked regularly and be monitored for depression.


Question: What are the side effects of psoralen?

Answer: Side effects can include nausea (from oral psoralens), itching, redness, burns, blisters, freckles or aged skin, cataracts if you don't wear sunglasses, and a higher risk for skin cancer, including melanoma.


Question: How does ultraviolet B therapy treat psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: Your body is exposed to UVB light from a light box in a doctor's office or at home. The UVB light goes into your skin and slows skin cell growth.


Question: How is cyclosporine used to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: How it works: It suppresses the immune system and slows the growth of certain immune cells. Cyclosporine is given by capsule or liquid.


Question: What are the side effects of laser treatments for psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include redness, blistering, bruising, or scarring.


Question: What are the types of laser treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Laser types: Excimer laser.


Question: What are the treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Even though everyone with psoriasis is different, doctors have a few standard treatments that they try in people with moderate to severe psoriasis. These include: Light therapy (phototherapy) Medications that suppress your immune system or target specific immune responses linked to psoriasis These treatments aim to slow down the rapid skin cell growth in psoriasis. They can also help smooth out scaly skin and reduce inflammation.


Question: Should pregnant women take vitamin A derivatives to treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Women who are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant should not use these drugs due to serious birth defect risks.


Question: How do vitamin A derivatives work in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Methotrexate can be given by pill, liquid, or injection. How it works: These drugs help control how fast skin cells multiply.


Question: What biologic drugs are used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: These are antibodies that bind to interleukin-17 A, a protein that is involved in inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers, including adalimumab ( Humira), etanercept ( Enbrel), and infliximab ( Remicade). These drugs block a chemical messenger of the immune system called TNF-alpha. People with psoriasis have too much of this substance, which causes inflammation. This drug blocks cytokines in the body called interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, which are thought to promote the increased growth rate of skin cells and inflammation from psoriasis.


Question: How do vitamin A derivatives treat moderate or severe psoriasis?

Answer: Medications that you take by pill or injection affect the whole body. How it works: These drugs help control how fast skin cells multiply.


Question: How do doctors usually start treatments for psoriasis?

Answer: If the first treatment doesn't work, you'll move up to stronger and stronger treatments until you find one that clears or controls your psoriasis. Even though everyone with psoriasis is different, doctors have a few standard treatments that they try in people with moderate to severe psoriasis.


Question: What are the side effects of apremilast (Otezla) for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis?

Answer: Side effects can include redness, blistering, bruising, or scarring. These side effects may stop with continued treatment. In studies, a small number of people stopped taking Apremilast because of an adverse reaction. Some participants also had unexplained weight loss. It's recommended that those taking the drug have their weight checked regularly and be monitored for depression.


Question: How can postvoid residual syndrome help in the diagnosis of overactive bladder?

Answer: This test checks to see whether the bladder empties fully by passing a flexible tube called a catheter through your urethra and into your bladder after you've urinated. The catheter drains the urine that remains in your bladder and measures it. Another way to test postvoid residual urine is with a bladder scanner that uses ultrasound, a test that uses sound waves to look at how much urine is left in your bladder after you go. The bladder scanner is a painless procedure. Ultrasound gel is placed on your lower abdomen and the machine calculates the volume of urine left in your bladder.


Question: What is overactive bladder?

Answer: That's why overactive bladder, also known as OAB or urge incontinence, is often called the "hidden condition." You might believe, as many people do, that overactive bladder is just an unpleasant but inescapable part of getting older. Actually it isn't -- and there is something you can do. Seeing your doctor and having tests for overactive bladder can help you get treatment, get back into your old routine, and feel more like yourself again.


Question: What are common side effects of cholesterol drugs?

Answer: Common side effects of cholesterol drugs include: Diarrhea Constipation Nausea Stomach cramps Muscle soreness, pain, or weakness Vomiting Headache Dizziness Drowsiness Fatigue Problems sleeping Rash or flushed skin Statins are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the U. S. and are known to lower a person's risk for stroke and heart attack.


Question: What are severe problems from taking cholesterol drugs?

Answer: But for some people they can cause severe side effects like muscle damage and liver damage. Rarer side effects may include dark-colored urine, urinary tract infections, increased blood sugar or type 2 diabetes, and memory loss or confusion. It's unclear why these issues happen. Your doctor may test your liver while you take statins to see if you're having liver problems. Muscle pain is the problem people on statins report most often. Doctors aren't sure why it happens.


Question: How long should I breastfeed my baby?

Answer: It can: Protect her from a wide range of common and rare early childhood diseases Raise the chances that she will make it safely through the first year of life and thrive over the long run Boost her sense of well-being and help you bond Doctors suggest you breastfeed until your baby is at least 1 year old. It doesn't work for every mother, but if it does for you, then it can be the only food or liquid she needs for the first 6 months.


Question: How can the antibodies in breast milk help my baby?

Answer: Antibodies: They help fight disease. If you come down with a virus while you're breastfeeding, you're probably going to pass it on to your baby. But your milk will also give her the antibodies that your body makes to fight the virus. She may not get sick at all. And if she does, your antibodies will help her get well sooner.


Question: Why is breast milk good for my baby?

Answer: It can: Protect her from a wide range of common and rare early childhood diseases Raise the chances that she will make it safely through the first year of life and thrive over the long run Boost her sense of well-being and help you bond Doctors suggest you breastfeed until your baby is at least 1 year old.


Question: How can prebiotics found in breast milk help my baby?

Answer: It has a mix of hormones and immune factors like: Prebiotics: They help your baby grow healthy gut bacteria and stop the bad kind from taking root. A breastfed baby is less likely to have problems with diarrhea than a formula-fed baby.


Question: What can prevent a mom from breastfeeding?

Answer: It doesn't work for every mother, but if it does for you, then it can be the only food or liquid she needs for the first 6 months. Little ones born before their digestive systems are fully developed are more likely to have health problems later on. Not every mother can breastfeed. Among them are: Diseases like HIV and tuberculosis Chemotherapy or radiation treatment Alcohol or drug addiction Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II The Human Milk Banking Association of North America uses a network of donors to offer every baby the chance to enjoy breast milk's many health benefits.


Question: If I'm breastfeeding, why do the medicines I take matter?

Answer: If you come down with a virus while you're breastfeeding, you're probably going to pass it on to your baby. That means you and your doctor should talk about your meds to be sure you aren't taking anything that's bad for the baby. That includes vitamins, herbs, and over-the-counter drugs.


Question: When should I call my doctor about my child's stomach ache and nausea?

Answer: The child is too weak to stand up. Knowing that a child has a stomachache or nausea can be hard, but pain lessens within two hours in most cases. The child has a stomachache and any of the following: Pain that happens more often or gets worse Pain that moves from the belly button to the lower right of the abdomen Trouble walking because of pain No appetite for a day or longer Green or yellow vomit or vomit that contains blood or flecks that look like coffee grounds Symptoms of dehydration such as darker urine and fewer wet diapers Black or bloody stool Problems passing stool A rash that looks like bruises on the legs and buttocks Headache and sore throat along with stomach pain Pain when urinating Have the child lie down and rest.


Question: Can small lymphocytic lymphoma be cured?

Answer: SLL tends to be a slow-growing cancer. In time, though, SLL can turn into a more aggressive type of lymphoma. After initial treatment for SLL, many people have a period of remission, when there are no signs of active disease. The illness may not return. But for some people, SLL does come back. If the lymphoma returns, doctors can treat you again.


Question: What can you do to stay healthy with small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: Try your best to avoid infections. Eat a healthy diet, get proper rest, and stay away from sick people. Ask your doctor about which vaccinations you should receive, such as shots to prevent flu and pneumonia. Living with a serious illness poses many challenges, both physically and emotionally. For strength and support, surround yourself with those who care about you. They can offer comfort, as well as practical support. You may also find it helpful to talk to a professional counselor, spiritual leader, or a support group.


Question: How is small lymphocytic lymphoma diagnosed?

Answer: When symptoms appear, they may include: Painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin Loss of appetite Fatigue Night sweats Fever Weight loss Your doctor will do a physical exam and may ask you questions such as: Have you ever noticed any swelling in your neck, armpit, or groin? Your doctor may also ask you to get a lymph node biopsy.


Question: What are symptoms of small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: You might not have any obvious symptoms when you're diagnosed with SLL. When symptoms appear, they may include: Painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin Loss of appetite Fatigue Night sweats Fever Weight loss Your doctor will do a physical exam and may ask you questions such as: Have you ever noticed any swelling in your neck, armpit, or groin?


Question: What tests diagnose small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: This is the main test to diagnose SLL. Your doctor removes the lymph node and checks it under a microscope for signs of cancer. Your doctor may also do two bone marrow tests -- a bone marrow aspiration and a biopsy -- to find out how advanced your cancer is. They are usually done together as part of a single procedure that removes marrow from the back of your hip bone.


Question: What causes small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly what causes it. The average age that people get diagnosed with the disease is 65. And it affects men more than women. A few things are linked to a higher risk of getting SLL: You have a condition that causes you to have a weak immune system, like HIV/ AIDS. If that doesn't work out, you need to get on a list of potential donors from strangers. This can be a tough process, because you may get side effects like nausea and mouth sores.


Question: What is small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: Small lymphocytic lymphoma ( SLL) is a cancer that affects a type of white blood cell called a "lymphocyte," which helps your body fight infection. You may hear your doctor refer to SLL as a "non- Hodgkin's lymphoma," which is a group of cancers that affect lymphocytes. When you have SLL, too many ineffective lymphocytes live and multiply in your lymph nodes. You may not have any symptoms when you're first diagnosed. A lot of people find out they have SLL when it's detected after a blood test for another reason. SLL tends to be a slow-growing cancer.


Question: How is small lymphocytic lymphoma treated?

Answer: You might not have any obvious symptoms when you're diagnosed with SLL. During this period, he'll monitor you and start treatment if the disease starts to get worse. If you need treatment, you have several options: Chemotherapy. Targeted therapy. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.


Question: Why is a support system important in managing chronic cancer and who should be a part of it?

Answer: Even if your cancer is stable and life feels normal, it's important to have a good support system. You may be independent, strong, and feel healthy, but chronic conditions have ups and downs, and the road ahead of you can be long. There's lots of support these days for the families of people with cancer. Making sure your caregivers are cared for can make a big difference for you. Cancer care centers offer support groups, wellness groups, social workers, psychologists, and counselors as part of their work with families. Give the people around you the power to help you as much as you can. Extra hands will make your journey with cancer much easier. Also, including other doctors in this support system can be the difference between surviving and thriving. For instance, a family doctor can help you keep track of everything outside of your cancer, like taking your annual flu shot and making sure the rest of your body is working at its best.


Question: What is a chronic disease?

Answer: It's a condition you can control with treatment for months. Asthma, diabetes, and depression are common examples. Often they don't have a cure, but you can live with them and manage their symptoms. Sometimes, your doctor might say controlled or stable to describe your cancer if it's unchanged over time. The disease can also go through cycles of growing, shrinking, and staying the same.


Question: Is cancer treatment the same for everyone?

Answer: There are many things that affect how long your cancer treatment could last, including: What type of cancer you have Your treatment schedule or plan How often your cancer has come back How aggressive it is Your age Your overall health How well you handle treatment How well the cancer responds to treatment The types of treatment you get Cancer care starts at prevention and continues through early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survival. More and more, it's tailored to each person. There are therapies that work with your body's makeup to help you fight cancer more effectively.


Question: Have cancer treatments improved?

Answer: As a result, people are treating -- and living with -- cancer longer. Even when a cure isn't available, you can often live and thrive for years. Cancer is moving into a new category: manageable chronic disease. It can be more expensive than IV chemotherapy. There's lots of support these days for the families of people with cancer.


Question: What are the most common types of immunotherapy?

Answer: The most common types are: Monoclonal antibodies: These are molecules made in a laboratory. Personalized medicine uses your genetic code to help predict how cancer will act in your body.


Question: What affects the duration and symptoms of chronic cancer?

Answer: Often they don't have a cure, but you can live with them and manage their symptoms. There are many things that affect how long your cancer treatment could last, including: What type of cancer you have Your treatment schedule or plan How often your cancer has come back How aggressive it is Your age Your overall health How well you handle treatment How well the cancer responds to treatment The types of treatment you get Cancer care starts at prevention and continues through early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survival.


Question: Is it possible to take chemotherapy in pill form?

Answer: The disease can also go through cycles of growing, shrinking, and staying the same. Chemo to Go: In the past, many cancers needed chemotherapy or other IV drug treatment. Now, in some cases, you can get the same or better results with pills you can take at home. That means fewer trips to the doctor. However, taking chemotherapy in pill form has issues, too. It can be more expensive than IV chemotherapy. You also won't have a care team to remind you how and when to take it. For instance, a family doctor can help you keep track of everything outside of your cancer, like taking your annual flu shot and making sure the rest of your body is working at its best.


Question: How do I figure out what may be causing my child's cough?

Answer: Ask yourself some questions: Does your child have other symptoms? A cough that comes with a runny nose and sneezing may point to a cold. Those symptoms, body aches, and a fever often come with the flu. When did the cough start? Allergies are more likely in the spring and fall. What does it sound like? Allergies, viral infections, and the croup can bring on a barking cough. Whooping cough (pertussis) brings on a noise that sounds like "hoop!" Call your doctor if you hear that sound. A wheezing sound could mean something is blocking your child's airway. It could be brought on by pneumonia or asthma. Call the doctor.


Question: How do fluids help with a child's cough?

Answer: Fluids: Give her plenty of drinks like water or juice to thin the mucus in her throat, making it easier for her to cough up phlegm.