Question: Aside from medication, are there other treatments for intractable hiccups?

Answer: Hypnosis Acupuncture If none of these treatments is effective, your doctor may suggest surgery. The procedure could temporarily or permanently block the phrenic nerve in the neck. The phrenic nerve runs from the spinal cord to the diaphragm, causing it to contract and relax. This step is usually only taken when all other therapies have failed.


Question: Are there things that can trigger intracable hiccups?

Answer: Treatments to stop intractable hiccups can involve medications, non-medical therapies, or surgery.


Question: What medications are used to treat intractable hiccups?

Answer: All medications used for hiccups can cause side effects, so talk to your doctor about which one may be the best one for you. Medications used to treat intractable hiccups include: Baclofen ( Gablofen, Lioresal) a muscle relaxant Chlorpromazine a medicine used to treat psychiatric illnesses Haloperidol, a type of tranquilizer Metoclopramide ( Reglan), used to treat problems in the esophagus and GERD Anticonvulsant drugs such as phenytoin, valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ® ER, Depakote ® Sprinkle), gabapentin ( Horizant, Neurontin), and carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) Sedatives Pain medication Stimulants Your doctor may prescribe one of these medications for several weeks, raising the dose until your hiccups decrease.


Question: What are the health problems related to having hiccups for a long time?

Answer: It has also been known to cause irregular heartbeat and gastroesophageal reflux disease (also known as GERD), which occurs when the contents of your stomach come back up into your esophagus or mouth. Finding a cause for your intractable hiccups may be a long process.


Question: What are persistent of protracted hiccups?

Answer: In extraordinarily rare cases, hiccups can last for more than a month.


Question: How can you treat intractable hiccups?

Answer: They can also be associated with hundreds of conditions including the following: Diseases affecting the diaphragm (the muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities), pneumonia, and pleurisy (a condition affecting the pleura, the inside membrane of the chest cavity and tissue around the lungs) Brain infections, injuries, tumors, or strokes Metabolic disorders (when your body can't break down certain nutrients into energy, causing a buildup) Gastrointestinal diseases affecting the esophagus, stomach, or small or large intestines Psychological problems such as hysteria, shock, fear, and certain mental conditions Liver problems Kidney disorders Medications including chemotherapy, benzodiazepines (type of depressants), corticosteroids (used to treat inflammation), barbiturates (type of depressants), morphine (pain medication), and anesthetics (make you unconscious or relieve pain) Surgery The most effective way to stop intractable hiccups is to find the root medical cause and address that issue. Treatments to stop intractable hiccups can involve medications, non-medical therapies, or surgery. Self-help techniques, such as sipping ice water, holding your breath, biting a lemon, swallowing sugar, breathing into a paper bag, or pulling your knees to your chest are usually tried first if no correctable cause can be found. Your treatment will depend on your case and your medical needs.


Question: Is it possible for someone to have hiccups for more than a week?

Answer: In extraordinarily rare cases, hiccups can last for more than a month. These are known as âintractable hiccups.â Other terms to describe the same condition include âchronic hiccupsâ and âintractable singultusâ -- which is another way to say hiccups. The longest recorded case of intractable hiccups continued for 60 years. Intractable hiccups are very uncommon -- happening in about 1 in 100,000 people. You should see your doctor if you have hiccups that go on for longer than 48 hours. This could be a sign of a health problem.


Question: How long might I need to take medication for my intractable hiccups?

Answer: Medications used to treat intractable hiccups include: Baclofen ( Gablofen, Lioresal) a muscle relaxant Chlorpromazine a medicine used to treat psychiatric illnesses Haloperidol, a type of tranquilizer Metoclopramide ( Reglan), used to treat problems in the esophagus and GERD Anticonvulsant drugs such as phenytoin, valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ® ER, Depakote ® Sprinkle), gabapentin ( Horizant, Neurontin), and carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) Sedatives Pain medication Stimulants Your doctor may prescribe one of these medications for several weeks, raising the dose until your hiccups decrease. The dose may be slowly reduced until you can stop taking the medicine. Talk to your doctor if the hiccups return after you stop taking the medication.


Question: What is the longest known case of hiccups?

Answer: The longest recorded case of intractable hiccups continued for 60 years.


Question: What's causing my intractable hiccups?

Answer: Finding a cause for your intractable hiccups may be a long process. Intractable hiccups are not inherited, as most cases pop up in people without any family history. You'll have to talk to your doctor about your medical history and may have to go through blood tests, imaging, and other lab studies to find the cause. In rare cases, medication may not be effective in treating hiccups.


Question: What are the symptoms of arterial clots?

Answer: Symptoms You may not have any at first. As the clot grows or blocks more of your blood flow, you might notice any of the following: Cold arm or leg Fingers or hands that feel cool to the touch Muscle pain or spasm in the affected area Numbness or tingling in your arm or leg Weakness of the affected limb Loss of color in the affected limb These form in your veins.


Question: What can happen if deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is left untreated?

Answer: Left untreated, a DVT can turn into a pulmonary embolism. Call 911 if you have pain, swelling, or tenderness in your leg, and: You can't breathe. You have chest pain.


Question: What type of blood clot is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer: This is also called a âvenous thrombosis.â It's a blood clot that forms in a major vein deep in your body. It usually happens in your lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. But it can also form in other parts of your body, like your arm, brain, intestines, liver, or kidney.


Question: What type of blood clot is pulmonary embolism?

Answer: It's a DVT that breaks off and travels up your leg to your lungs, where it gets stuck. It can be fatal.


Question: What is superficial venous thrombosis?

Answer: This is a blood clot that forms in a vein close to the surface of the skin. They don't normally break loose and travel through the bloodstream.


Question: What are the symptoms of superficial venous thrombosis?

Answer: Symptoms If your vein is near your skin's surface (superficial venous thrombosis), these may include: Painful, swollen, inflamed skin over the affected vein A vein that feels hard or painfully tender to the touch Red skin over the affected vein If you have a DVT, you may notice the following: The affected leg is swollen (sometimes both legs swell).


Question: What are arterial clots?

Answer: These form in your arteries -- the blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart. Arterial clots block blood and oxygen from reaching your vital organs. They can lead to tissue damage. Often, they occur in your legs and feet. Sometimes, they happen in your brain, where they can lead to stroke. Or, they may form in your heart, where they can cause a heart attack. Arterial clots can also take root in your kidneys, intestines, or eyes, though this is rare.


Question: Why are blood clots important?

Answer: Most of the time, your body breaks down the clot after your wound has healed. But sometimes, they don't dissolve on their own. Other times, clots form inside your blood vessels for no reason. When this happens, it can lead to serious health problems. There are two main types of clots: Thrombus: Blood clots can be stationary. That means they don't move. Embolus : Blood clots can also break loose. Doctors call these embolisms. They're dangerous because they can travel to other parts of the body Clots are also classified by where they form. This type of blood clot is a medical emergency. Call 911 if you have pain, swelling, or tenderness in your leg, and: You can't breathe.


Question: How can men prevent genital itching?

Answer: Males should take the following steps to help avoid genital itching: Wash the penis well, including the area under the foreskin in uncircumcised men. Keep the area dry, since moisture in the genital area can lead to infections. Cornstarch powders during the summer may be helpful. Both males and females should take the following steps to help avoid genital itching: Wear loose, natural-fiber underwear and clothing. Change underwear at least every 24 hours. Keep the genital area clean and dry. Use mild soap and rinse well. Use mild, unscented laundry detergents to wash your underwear. Dry off thoroughly after bathing and swimming. Avoid staying in wet clothing for long periods of time. Avoid unprotected sex, especially if you are worried that you or your partner might have an infection.


Question: Does acupuncture help with breast cancer treatment side effects?

Answer: A small study shows that acupuncture may help relieve hot flashes caused by some breast cancer treatments. Yoga, massage, and meditation have also been shown to decrease these hot flashes. Other benefits of acupuncture may include less vomiting, pain, and fatigue.


Question: Is reiki good for relaxation if you have breast cancer?

Answer: Another form of energy medicine that is sometimes used in the treatment of breast cancer is reiki, a practice that comes from Japan. Practitioners pass their hands over a person's body to manipulate bioenergy. Most women who try reiki report feelings of relaxation and reduced pain, but no research has yet proved its benefits or shown how it works.


Question: What questions do I need to ask my doctor before doing complementary treatment for breast cancer?

Answer: Ask your doctor these basic questions: What are the proven benefits of this complementary treatment? What are the "anecdotal" benefits reported by patients but not officially studied, such as less stress or better sleep? What are the risks, if any? Can this form of complementary treatment interfere with my standard breast cancer care?


Question: Can you do yoga if you have breast cancer?

Answer: Complementary treatments can also help you feel empowered. Tai chi and qigong are both from China and are based on manipulating energy through gentle movement, a focus on breathing, and meditation. Women with breast cancer -- especially after surgery -- should look for a gentle style of yoga. Precautions: More athletic styles of yoga, such as power yoga, work the upper body. Depending on the type of treatment, these may not be good for some women. If you've had lymph nodes removed under one arm, there may be a risk of lymphedema. Ask your doctor these basic questions: What are the proven benefits of this complementary treatment?


Question: Do herbs, supplements, and botanicals help treat breast cancer?

Answer: That's because there is a risk of swelling and excess fluid, a condition called lymphedema. Precautions: Talk with your doctor before taking any vitamin, mineral, or herbal supplements, especially in high doses. This includes garlic capsules, ginseng, ginkgo, soy, and valerian. Some of these supplements can affect cancer treatment. For example, St. John's wort, which is used for depression, can block certain cancer drugs. High doses of vitamin C, an antioxidant, can change the way chemotherapy and radiation affect your body.


Question: How might meditation, journaling, music therapy, and support groups help a woman with breast cancer?

Answer: Many CAM therapies are based on the idea that a natural, vital "bioenergy" exists. Meditation, journaling, music or art therapy, guided imagery, and joining a breast cancer support group all help you relax. They make you feel less alone and help create a positive mental and physical state. Many women also use healing prayers and affirmations -- perhaps the most popular form of mind-body medicine.


Question: Is it OK to smoke before surgery for living-donor liver transplant?

Answer: Stop smoking. Quitting tobacco 1-2 months before surgery can help cut the chance of complications. Quitting smoking even right before surgery can increase the amount of oxygen in your body. After 24 hours without smoking, nicotine and carbon monoxide are already gradually broken down in the blood. Your lungs start to work better after about 2 smoke-free months.


Question: How is an ultrasound used inside the body?

Answer: Sometimes, however, doctors and technicians can get a better diagnostic image by inserting a special transducer into one of the body's natural openings: In a transvaginal ultrasound, a transducer wand is placed in a woman's vagina to get better images of her uterus and ovaries. A transrectal ultrasound is sometimes used in the diagnosis of prostate conditions. A transesophageal echocardiogram uses the transducer probe in the esophagus so that the sonographer can obtain clearer images of the heart.


Question: What are the therapeutic applications of ultrasound?

Answer: Therapeutic applications.


Question: How is ultrasound used for diagnostics?

Answer: Doctors employ ultrasound imaging in diagnosing a wide variety of conditions affecting the organs and soft tissues of the body, including the heart and blood vessels, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, uterus, ovaries, eyes, thyroid, and testicles. Ultrasounds do have some diagnostic limitations, however; sound waves do not transmit well through dense bone or parts of the body that may hold air or gas, such as the bowel.


Question: What imaging tests can be done with an ultrasound?

Answer: Additionally, ultrasound technology has advanced to allow for different types of imaging: Doppler is a special type of ultrasound that creates images of blood flow through vessels. Bone sonography helps doctors diagnose osteoporosis. Echocardiograms are used to view the heart.


Question: How is ultrasound used during medical procedures?

Answer: Ultrasound imaging can help doctors during procedures such as needle biopsies, which require the doctor to remove tissue from a very precise area inside the body for testing in a lab.


Question: What are the advantages of ultrasound?

Answer: Ultrasounds offer many advantages: They are generally painless and do not require needles, injections, or incisions. Patients aren't exposed to ionizing radiation, making the procedure safer than diagnostic techniques such as X-rays and CT scans. In fact, there are no known harmful effects when used as directed by your health care provider. Ultrasound captures images of soft tissues that don't show up well on X-rays. Ultrasounds are widely accessible and less expensive than other methods.


Question: How does ultrasound imaging work?

Answer: Ultrasound, also called sonography, uses sound waves to develop ultrasound images of what's going on inside the body. An instrument called a transducer emits high-frequency sound, inaudible to human ears, and then records the echoes as the sound waves bounce back to determine the size, shape, and consistency of soft tissues and organs. This technology can help diagnose and treat certain conditions. Depending on the type of ultrasound test you are having, your doctor may offer special instructions, such as not eating or drinking anything for a number of hours before the test. Often a technician will discuss what he or she is seeing during the test, but in some instances, you may need to wait to discuss the findings with your doctor.


Question: What therapy is used for psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: These include: Cyclosporine, to slow down your overactive immune system Low-dose retinoids like acitretin ( Soriatane), to reduce cell multiplication Methotrexate, which slows an enzyme that causes the rapid growth of skin cells in psoriasis Doctors often combine retinoids with light therapy for hands and feet psoriasis. You might have UVB or psoralen- UVA ( PUVA) phototherapy or targeted phototherapy (laser treatment). PUVA involves taking the drug psoralen, either by mouth or applied like paint, along with the light therapy.


Question: How does hydrocolloid occlusion treat psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: Your doctor might have you use a corticosteroid under a type of dressing called hydrocolloid occlusion. This filmy layer bonds to the cream, helps keep skin moist, and can be worn for several days.


Question: When is a biologic used to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: Psoriasis is an immune system condition, so if skin treatments don't work, your doctor may recommend drugs that affect the disease at a cellular level.


Question: What are examples of biologics used to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: Examples include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Brodalumab ( Siliq) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Guselkumab ( Tremfya) Infliximab ( Remicade) Ixekizumab ( Taltz) Secukinumab ( Cosentyx) Ustekinumab ( Stelara) Some people -- mostly adults who smoke -- get pustular psoriasis on their palms and soles.


Question: What is pustular psoriasis and how can it affect your hands and feet?

Answer: Examples include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Brodalumab ( Siliq) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Guselkumab ( Tremfya) Infliximab ( Remicade) Ixekizumab ( Taltz) Secukinumab ( Cosentyx) Ustekinumab ( Stelara) Some people -- mostly adults who smoke -- get pustular psoriasis on their palms and soles. Known as palmoplantar pustulosis ( PPP), it can erupt over months or years. It may also cause painful cracks, redness, and scales. It can be more stubborn to treat than other types of hand and foot psoriasis, but the same methods are used.


Question: What is involved in cosmetic repair for nail psoriasis?

Answer: This can involve: Nail scraping and filing Nail polish Artificial nails Surgical removal To help prevent problems, trim your nails as short as possible, and wear gloves when you work with your hands.


Question: What is used to treat nail psoriasis?

Answer: It could cause: Shallow or deep holes Shape changes Thickening Separation of the nail from the nail bed, with debris under the nail Discoloration Corticosteroid creams or ointments and light therapy are also used to treat nail psoriasis. If these don't get the job done, your doctor might suggest corticosteroid injections into your nail beds. Nail psoriasis can cause fungal infections -- your doctor will prescribe anti-fungal agents.


Question: What may be recommended to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: Hands and feet psoriasis ( HFP) can also cause your skin to: Crack or split Thicken Redden Scale Swell Blister or have pimple-like spots (pustules) Here are some common ways to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet and relieve your symptoms. In addition to moisturizers, mild soaps, and soap substitutes, your doctor may recommend: Coal tar products, like creams, gels, or ointments, to slow skin growth and ease itchy, inflamed, or scaly skin Salicylic acid, a peeling agent that softens or reduces thick scales Corticosteroids, often creams and ointments Combinations of these often work better than one treatment alone. Sometimes doctors suggest alternating or using topical corticosteroids with a type of vitamin D called calcipotriene. This medicine should not be used on the face, so be sure to wear gloves when applying to your hands and feet in order to avoid getting it on your face later.


Question: What happens if you have hands and feet psoriasis?

Answer: Hands and feet psoriasis ( HFP) can also cause your skin to: Crack or split Thicken Redden Scale Swell Blister or have pimple-like spots (pustules) Here are some common ways to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet and relieve your symptoms.


Question: What medications can stop the progress of psoriasis on the hands and feet?

Answer: Psoriasis is an immune system condition, so if skin treatments don't work, your doctor may recommend drugs that affect the disease at a cellular level. These include: Cyclosporine, to slow down your overactive immune system Low-dose retinoids like acitretin ( Soriatane), to reduce cell multiplication Methotrexate, which slows an enzyme that causes the rapid growth of skin cells in psoriasis Doctors often combine retinoids with light therapy for hands and feet psoriasis.


Question: How does psoriasis on the hands and feet affect you?

Answer: But it can also appear on the tops of your feet, backs of your hands, and on knuckles and nails. Your hands and feet make up only 4% of your body's total surface area. But psoriasis here can still have a big effect on your quality of life. You might have pain, or you may just want to cover up the scales. If it affects your work, that could lead to a financial burden as well.


Question: How can you prevent nail psoriasis?

Answer: This can involve: Nail scraping and filing Nail polish Artificial nails Surgical removal To help prevent problems, trim your nails as short as possible, and wear gloves when you work with your hands.


Question: What should I do if I have a psoriasis flare-up on my hands or feet?

Answer: He'll work with you until you find something that helps. Psoriasis on these areas is most likely to show up on the palms and soles. This is called palmar-plantar psoriasis. But it can also appear on the tops of your feet, backs of your hands, and on knuckles and nails. Hands and feet psoriasis ( HFP) can also cause your skin to: Crack or split Thicken Redden Scale Swell Blister or have pimple-like spots (pustules) Here are some common ways to treat psoriasis on the hands and feet and relieve your symptoms.


Question: What non-drug interventions can help adults with ADHD?

Answer: Adult ADHD may be treated with one or more of the following: Individual cognitive and behavioral therapy to change negative thought patterns and enhance self-esteem Relaxation training and stress management to reduce anxiety and stress Behavioral coaching to teach strategies for organizing home and work activities Job coaching or mentoring to support better working relationships and improve on-the-job performance Family education and therapy


Question: What are non-drug interventions for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Non-drug interventions for ADHD include making adjustments in the environment to promote more successful social interactions. Such adjustments include creating more structure and encouraging routines.


Question: What are treatments for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Adult ADHD may be treated with one or more of the following: Individual cognitive and behavioral therapy to change negative thought patterns and enhance self-esteem Relaxation training and stress management to reduce anxiety and stress Behavioral coaching to teach strategies for organizing home and work activities Job coaching or mentoring to support better working relationships and improve on-the-job performance Family education and therapy


Question: Are there non-drug interventions for ADHD?

Answer: Such adjustments include creating more structure and encouraging routines. Children with ADHD may need help in organizing their lives. Therefore, some simple interventions to try for childhood ADHD include: Create a schedule.


Question: How can you create routines for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Children with ADHD may need help in organizing their lives. Therefore, some simple interventions to try for childhood ADHD include: Create a schedule. Make sure your child has the same routine every day. The schedule should include homework time and playtime. Post this schedule in a prominent place in the home. Help your child organize everyday items. Work with your child to have a place for everything. This includes clothing, backpacks, and school supplies. Note that children with ADHD need consistent rules that they can easily follow. When your child follows rules, he or she should be rewarded.


Question: How can carbidopa help with treating Parkinson's disease?

Answer: To curb nausea and other possible side effects from levodopa, doctors usually suggest you take a drug called carbidopa along with it. A combination drug with both medicines is called Sinemet. Rarely, some people can't handle carbidopa and need to take levodopa alone. If that's the case for you, it's important not to take it at the same time as food or vitamins that have vitamin B6, which can affect how well your medicine works.


Question: What are side effects of anticholinergic drugs for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: If you take these drugs when you're older, you're more likely to get side effect such as: Dizziness Confusion Dry mouth Blurry vision Nausea Trouble peeing or having bowel movements Some people with Parkinson's have surgery called deep brain stimulation ( DBS).


Question: How can monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors help with treating Parkinson's disease?

Answer: They also block the action of an enzyme that breaks down dopamine. You can take them alone early in Parkinson's disease or with other drugs as your disease moves to a later stage. MAO- B inhibitors include selegiline ( Eldepryl) and rasagaline ( Azilect). You usually take them alone because you can get side effects when you combine them with other drugs.


Question: What should you eat to help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Get it from sources like fish, poultry, eggs, beans, peas, soy, and lean red meat. Carbohydrates for energy. Complex carbohydrates -- such as whole grains, vegetables, and beans -- are the healthiest sources. â Goodâ fats to help you use energy and to carry certain vitamins around your body. Good sources include vegetable oil (olive, canola, safflower, sunflower) and avocadoes.


Question: Should you ask for a therapist or counselor if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: If your cancer and its treatment feel overwhelming, get help. Ask your doctor to recommend a therapist or counselor who can talk you through the issues you're having.


Question: How can staying active help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: But staying as active as possible will give you more energy and fight fatigue. Ask your doctor how to exercise safely with AML. A physical therapist can help you design a fitness program that matches your strength and energy levels. Start slowly. At first, you might only be able to walk for a few minutes at a time. Gradually increase the length and intensity of your workouts once you feel ready. Your goal is to do 30 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise on most days of the week.


Question: How can you manage stress if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Read a book, take a warm bath, plant flowers in your garden, or watch a funny movie. Socialize. Go out for dinner or to a movie with friends. Get plenty of rest. Do something creative to express your emotions. Paint or write in a journal. Try a relaxation technique such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.


Question: What are some side effects of acute myeloid leukemia treatments?

Answer: Even if you eat a well-rounded diet, it can be harder to get the nutrients you need because of treatment side effects like these: Loss of appetite Nausea Changes in tastes Mouth sores Diarrhea or constipation If you can't eat large amounts of food at once, have a few small meals during the day instead of three big ones.


Question: How can the people around you help you manage acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Everyone is different, but you might have times when you feel scared, stressed, angry, anxious, or a combination of these feelings. Remember that you don't have to go through this process alone. Lean on the people around you -- your friends, family members, co-workers, or members of your community. Or join a support group of people with AML.


Question: What foods and drinks should you avoid if you have acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should avoid alcohol, which can interfere with some chemotherapy drugs. Avoid deli meats. Get plenty of rest.


Question: What do you need to know about acute myeloid leukemia?

Answer: Eat right, stay active, and get support if you need it. Also, drink plenty of fluids so you don't get dehydrated, especially if you're vomiting or you have diarrhea. Exercise might be the furthest thing from your mind if you feel weak and weary. If your cancer and its treatment feel overwhelming, get help.


Question: What should you eat if you have acute myeloid leukemia and you need to gain weight?

Answer: Eat right, stay active, and get support if you need it. And if it hurts to eat, drink high-protein, high-calorie shakes or smoothies.


Question: How is scleritis treated?

Answer: Because it's usually related to autoimmune disorders, your doctor may suggest that you see a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in autoimmune conditions). For very mild cases of scleritis, an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) like ibuprofen may be enough to ease your eye inflammation and pain. Most of the time, though, a prescription medication called a corticosteroid is needed to treat the inflammation. It also can help with eye pain and may help protect your vision. It's rare, but if the sclera is torn or in danger of tearing, surgery may be needed to reinforce it.


Question: What are symptoms of anterior and posterior scleritis?

Answer: Both anterior and posterior scleritis tend to cause eye pain that can feel like a deep, severe ache. You also might feel tenderness in your eye, along with pain that goes from your eye to your jaw, face, or head. And you may have blurry vision, unexplained tears, or notice that your eyes are especially sensitive to light. Anterior scleritis also may make the white of your eye look red, and you may see small bumps there. With posterior scleritis, you can't usually see these kinds of issues because they're on the back of the white of your eye.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose scleritis?

Answer: You also might feel tenderness in your eye, along with pain that goes from your eye to your jaw, face, or head. He'll look closely at the inside and outside of your eye with a special lamp that shines a beam of light into your eye. He may work with your primary care doctor to use blood tests or imaging tests to check for other problems that might be related to scleritis. Because it's usually related to autoimmune disorders, your doctor may suggest that you see a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in autoimmune conditions).


Question: What is anterior scleritis?

Answer: Posterior: This is when the back of your sclera is inflamed. Most of the time, though, a prescription medication called a corticosteroid is needed to treat the inflammation.


Question: What causes scleritis?

Answer: Some of those that are linked to scleritis include: Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus Sjogren's syndrome Scleroderma Wegener's granuloma Inflammatory bowel disease It also can be caused by an eye infection, an injury to your eye, or a fungus or parasite. If an autoimmune disorder is causing your scleritis, your doctor may give you medicine that slows down your immune system or treats that disorder in another way.


Question: Can keeping a food diary help your doctor determine if you have a food allergy?

Answer: This simple task can help you help your doctor figure out what's going on. For 1 or 2 weeks, write down in a notebook: Everything you eat Any symptoms you have How long the symptoms happen after you eat certain foods Let's say you had a reaction after eating prawns or shrimp with peanut sauce.


Question: How can a skin test help your doctor diagnose a suspected food allergy?

Answer: The doctor may also do a skin test to see if your body reacts to a tiny amount of the suspected allergen or allergy trigger.


Question: What are the symptoms of genital warts?

Answer: You might feel itching, bleeding, burning, or pain. But genital warts can often take months or years to show, if they ever do. Your doctor will decide whether your genital warts need treatment with medications, cryotherapy (freezing off the warts), surgery, or an acid solution.


Question: Is there a vaccine to prevent genital warts?

Answer: You get it as three injections over a 6-month period. You must get the shots before you're exposed to HPV in order for it to work. The vaccine won't protect you if you've already been infected with certain HPV strains, but it can protect you from many other, but not all types of HPV you have not been exposed to. Get the HPV vaccine, too.


Question: Why are more children getting asthma?

Answer: No one really knows the exact reasons why more and more children are getting asthma. Some experts suggest that children spend too much time indoors with dust, air pollution, and secondhand smoke. Others say kids aren't exposed to enough childhood illnesses to help their immune systems learn to fight bacteria and viruses.


Question: What are the goals of treating my child's asthma?

Answer: Asthma can't be cured, but it can be controlled. If your child can't meet all of these goals, contact her doctor for advice. She should be able to: Live an active, normal life Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms Attend school every day Avoid asthma symptoms during the night Do daily activities, play, and engage in sports without difficulty Stop the need for urgent visits to the doctor, emergency department, or hospital Use and adjust medications to control asthma with little or no side effects By learning about asthma and how to control it, you take an important step toward managing your child's disease.


Question: How common is asthma in children?

Answer: But sometimes they can cause dangerous asthma attacks that result in a trip to the hospital. It affects about 7 million children in the United States and, for unknown reasons, is steadily increasing.


Question: How are vaginal creams used to treat vaginal yeast infection?

Answer: You can treat most vaginal yeast infections with an over-the-counter vaginal cream or suppository. Some of these products may come with a cream that you put on the opening of the vagina and surrounding tissue (called the "vulva") and not into the vagina. This type of cream may ease itching and treat the skin tissues while the vaginal antifungal cream treats the yeast infection. When you use a vaginal cream that's oil-based, you may need to use birth control that's not a condom or diaphragm, or skip sex. The oil in the cream could damage the latex in a condom or diaphragm. These products often come packaged with a plastic "inserter" that helps you get the medication to the right place. One benefit of a suppository is that it's less messy than a vaginal cream and less likely to ooze out during the day.


Question: What are some safety tips for using over-the-counter treatments for vaginal yeast infection?

Answer: Read all package directions carefully first. When you use a vaginal cream that's oil-based, you may need to use birth control that's not a condom or diaphragm, or skip sex. These products often come packaged with a plastic "inserter" that helps you get the medication to the right place. Antifungal medications can change the way some drugs work. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking an antifungal if you are taking other medications. No matter which yeast infection treatment you try, see your doctor if your symptoms don't clear up after you finish it.


Question: What are the ingredients for spicy blend to maintain a low-salt diet for heart failure?

Answer: Spicy Blend 2 Tbsp dried savory, crumbled 1/4 tsp freshly ground white pepper 1 Tbsp dry mustard 1/4 tsp ground cumin 2 1/2 tsp onion powder 1/2 tsp garlic powder 1/4 tsp curry powder Salt-less Surprise 2 tsp garlic powder 1 tsp basil 1 tsp oregano 1 tsp powdered lemon rind or dehydrated lemon juice Herb Seasoning 2 Tbsp dried dill weed or basil leaves, crumbled 1 tsp celery seed 2 Tbsp onion powder 1/4 tsp dried oregano leaves, crumbled Pinch freshly ground pepper Spicy Seasoning 1 tsp cloves 1 tsp pepper 2 tsp paprika 1 tsp coriander seed (crushed) 1 Tbsp rosemary Restaurant Dining Tips Eventually, you'll eat at a restaurant.


Question: What should you have for breakfast if you have heart failure?

Answer: Breakfast Fresh fruit Low-sodium cereal (hot or cold) Milk Lunch Lean roast turkey on whole wheat bread with low-sodium mustard Raw carrot sticks Applesauce Milk Vanilla wafers Dinner Grilled chicken Boiled potatoes Steamed fresh vegetables Tossed salad and low-sodium dressing Fresh melon Snacks Fruit Walnuts or almonds Raisins Yogurt Cooking Tips Use fresh ingredients or foods with no added salt.


Question: How much breads and grains should you have if you have heart failure?

Answer: One could contain: 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, frozen, or canned fruit 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, frozen, or no-salt added canned vegetables 1/2 cup low-sodium tomato juice or vegetable juice 1/2 cup low-sodium tomato sauce Bread and Grains You should get six or more servings of these every day. One equals: 1 slice low-sodium bread, 1 small low-sodium roll, 1/2 low-sodium bagel 1/2 cup pasta (noodles, spaghetti, macaroni) 1/2 cup rice Low-sodium crackers (read label for serving size) Sweets and Snacks Everyone needs a snack every now and then.


Question: How can a low-salt diet help people with heart failure?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } People with heart failure may improve their symptoms by reducing the amount of sodium in their diet. Sodium is a mineral found in many foods, especially salt. Eating too much salt causes the body to keep or retain too much water, worsening the fluid buildup that happens with heart failure. Following a low-salt diet helps keep high blood pressure and swelling (also called edema) under control. It can also make breathing easier if you have heart failure.


Question: What should you have as snacks if you have heart failure?

Answer: It can also make breathing easier if you have heart failure.


Question: What are recommended appetizers if you have heart failure and are trying to maintain a low-salt diet?

Answer: Stay away from bread and rolls with salty, buttery crusts.


Question: What are the ingredients for salt-less surprise to maintain a low-salt diet for heart failure?

Answer: Spicy Blend 2 Tbsp dried savory, crumbled 1/4 tsp freshly ground white pepper 1 Tbsp dry mustard 1/4 tsp ground cumin 2 1/2 tsp onion powder 1/2 tsp garlic powder 1/4 tsp curry powder Salt-less Surprise 2 tsp garlic powder 1 tsp basil 1 tsp oregano 1 tsp powdered lemon rind or dehydrated lemon juice Herb Seasoning 2 Tbsp dried dill weed or basil leaves, crumbled 1 tsp celery seed 2 Tbsp onion powder 1/4 tsp dried oregano leaves, crumbled Pinch freshly ground pepper Spicy Seasoning 1 tsp cloves 1 tsp pepper 2 tsp paprika 1 tsp coriander seed (crushed) 1 Tbsp rosemary Restaurant Dining Tips Eventually, you'll eat at a restaurant.


Question: How much dairy products should you have if you have heart failure?

Answer: 2-3 ounces of fresh or frozen fish, shellfish, meat (beef, veal, lamb, pork), or poultry 1/2 cup cooked dried beans or peas 1/2 cup low-salt canned fish (such as salmon or tuna) 1 low-sodium frozen dinner (less than 600 milligrams of sodium per meal; limit to one per day) 1 egg Dairy Products Two or more servings a day is the sweet spot here. Examples of a serving include: 2-3 ounces of low-sodium cheese 1 cup milk (fat-free, 1%, 2%, or whole) 1/2 cup low-sodium cottage cheese 1 cup soy milk Vegetables and Fruits Your goal here is five servings per day.


Question: What are recommended salads if you have heart failure and are trying to maintain a low-salt diet?

Answer: Avoid pickles, canned or marinated vegetables, cured meats, seasoned croutons, cheeses, salted seeds.


Question: What should you have for dinner if you have heart failure?

Answer: Breakfast Fresh fruit Low-sodium cereal (hot or cold) Milk Lunch Lean roast turkey on whole wheat bread with low-sodium mustard Raw carrot sticks Applesauce Milk Vanilla wafers Dinner Grilled chicken Boiled potatoes Steamed fresh vegetables Tossed salad and low-sodium dressing Fresh melon Snacks Fruit Walnuts or almonds Raisins Yogurt Cooking Tips Use fresh ingredients or foods with no added salt.


Question: What are the ingredients for herb seasoning to maintain a low-salt diet for heart failure?

Answer: Spicy Blend 2 Tbsp dried savory, crumbled 1/4 tsp freshly ground white pepper 1 Tbsp dry mustard 1/4 tsp ground cumin 2 1/2 tsp onion powder 1/2 tsp garlic powder 1/4 tsp curry powder Salt-less Surprise 2 tsp garlic powder 1 tsp basil 1 tsp oregano 1 tsp powdered lemon rind or dehydrated lemon juice Herb Seasoning 2 Tbsp dried dill weed or basil leaves, crumbled 1 tsp celery seed 2 Tbsp onion powder 1/4 tsp dried oregano leaves, crumbled Pinch freshly ground pepper Spicy Seasoning 1 tsp cloves 1 tsp pepper 2 tsp paprika 1 tsp coriander seed (crushed) 1 Tbsp rosemary Restaurant Dining Tips Eventually, you'll eat at a restaurant.


Question: What is considered a low-salt diet?

Answer: You should have no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium each day if you've got heart failure. Less than 1,500 mg a day is ideal.


Question: How much sweets and snacks should you have if you have heart failure?

Answer: Make sure it's every now and then, and choose: 2 1/2 ounces unsalted nuts 1 slice angel food cake 1/2 cup low-sodium potato chips, pretzels, popcorn, and other snacks 1 tablespoon jelly or honey 1 cup sherbet, sorbet, or Italian ice 1 ice pop 3 fig bars or gingersnaps 8-10 jelly beans; 3 pieces hard candy Fats, Oils and Condiments Use these as much as you can.


Question: How much radiation exposure do you get from medical treatments or other man-made sources?

Answer: Man-made sources of radiation from things like X-rays add about another 3 m Sv. A CT (computerized tomography) scan, which involves several X-rays taken from different angles, delivers about 10 m Sv. People who work in the nuclear industry aren't allowed to be exposed to more than 50 m Sv a year.


Question: How much radiation exposure is needed to develop radiation sickness?

Answer: The amount of radiation your body gets is measured in an international unit called a sievert ( Sv). Symptoms of radiation sickness show up when you're exposed to levels of more than 500 millisieverts (m Sv), or half a sievert. More than 4 to 5 Sv is likely to be fatal. The workers who got radiation sickness at Chernobyl received doses that measured 700 m Sv to 13 Sv.


Question: How will my doctor treat me if I have radiation sickness?

Answer: Your doctor will try to help you fight off infections. He might give you blood transfusions to replace lost blood cells. Or he may give you medications to try to help your bone marrow recover. Or he may try a transplant. He also will give you fluids and treat other injuries like burns. Recovery from radiation sickness can take up to 2 years. But you'll still be at risk of other health problems after recovery. For example, your odds of getting cancer are higher.


Question: What is the history of radiation sickness cases?

Answer: It's not clear how many of the 150,000 to 250,000 people killed in those attacks died from radiation sickness. But estimates at the time put the number in the hundreds or thousands. Since then, about 50 people have died from radiation sickness. That includes 28 workers and firefighters who were killed at the 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl in what is now Ukraine. More than 100 others at Chernobyl were diagnosed with acute radiation syndrome but survived. Most of the other people who have died from it were scientists or technicians in U. S. or Soviet nuclear plants during the Cold War. But in 1999, three workers got radiation sickness after an accident involving nuclear fuel in Japan; two of them died. No cases of radiation sickness were reported after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in 2011.


Question: How do people die from radiation sickness?

Answer: Most of the other people who have died from it were scientists or technicians in U. S. or Soviet nuclear plants during the Cold War. Radiation damages your stomach and intestines, blood vessels, and bone marrow, which makes blood cells. Damage to bone marrow lowers the number of disease-fighting white blood cells in your body.


Question: How is endometriosis diagnosed?

Answer: Also tell your doctor if you have: Pain during or after sex Pain when you pee Pain with bowel movements Heavy bleeding during your period Irregular bleeding Constipation Bloating Nausea Infertility Bleeding or spotting between periods Mood changes due to pain If you have symptoms, call your gynecologist. You may get tests including: A pelvic exam . Your doctor will feel for cysts or scar tissue. Ultrasound . Ultrasound doesn't always show endometriosis, but it is good at finding ovarian cysts, which are common in women with the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Laparoscopy . If you do find out that you have endometriosis, the sooner you get diagnosed, the sooner your doctor can help you make a plan to manage your symptoms.


Question: What is an ulcerative infection?

Answer: It's unusual, but sometimes feet develop open sores, or ulcers. Those ulcers are also open to an infection by bacteria. You'll need antibiotics to treat this.


Question: What are symptoms of toe web infection?

Answer: Symptoms: You may feel a burning sensation between your toes. The skin may be red, peeling, or scaly, and the rash may smell or give off discharge. In very bad cases, your skin may take on a green color.


Question: What are symptoms of moccasin infection?

Answer: Symptoms: At first, your feet may just feel sore, dry, or slightly itchy. After a while, the skin thickens, cracks, or peels. If the infection advances to your nails, your toenails may also get thick and crumbly. Sometimes the nails even come out. You might not be able to use a treatment that goes on your skin. Sometimes a combination of different medications works best for this, including a separate one for your nails.


Question: What are symptoms of a vesicular infection?

Answer: Symptoms: Vesicular infections happen anywhere on your foot. But the small, red blisters usually pop up on your soles or between your toes. The rash may feel itchy or painful. It can be worse in the summer.


Question: What is moccasin infection?

Answer: If the fungus covers the sole of your foot, it's called a moccasin infection. You may see the rash spread along your heel and up the side of your foot as well.


Question: What are the symptoms of an ulcerative infection?

Answer: Symptoms: In addition to sores that may ooze discharge, your skin gets very inflamed and discolored. This type of infection is usually very painful.


Question: What is a vesicular infection?

Answer: If the blisters burst, you could get a bacterial infection and need antibiotics. This type of infection is usually very painful.


Question: How can eating more fruits and veggies help manage knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Eat More Fruits and Veggies Feel free to eat plenty of these. Many are loaded with antioxidants -- substances that can help protect your cells from damage. Some antioxidants, found in fruits and veggies like apples, onions, shallots, and strawberries, may also help reduce joint inflammation and pain.


Question: How does vitamin C help manage knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Get Enough Vitamin C A key element for joint health, vitamin C helps build collagen and connective tissue. A lot of tasty foods can give you this nutrient. Try citrus fruits, red peppers, strawberries, broccoli, cabbage, and kale. Aim for the recommended amount of 75 milligrams a day for women or 90 milligrams a day for men.


Question: How can healthy eating help manage knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: There's no specific diet that treats your problem, but you can get some big health benefits if you eat smart. You'll keep your weight under control, build strong cartilage, and cut some inflammation.


Question: How do Omega-3 fatty acids help manage knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Add Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-3s may help relieve your joint pain and decrease morning stiffness. They work by reducing inflammation in your body. One easy way to add them to your diet is to eat two 3-ounce servings of fatty fish each week. Some of the best sources of omega-3s are trout, salmon, mackerel, herring, tuna, and sardines.


Question: How does olive oil help manage knee osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Use Olive Oil in Place of Other Fats One study shows that a compound in olive oil, called oleocanthal, helps prevent inflammation. It works in much the same way that NSAIDs do. Olive oils with the strongest flavor have the highest amount. About 3 1/2 tablespoons of olive oil offers the same relief as 200 milligrams of ibuprofen. But that much oil also gives you about 400 calories. To add olive oil to your diet without extra calories, use it in place of other fats, such as butter.


Question: When might a pediatric palliative care team be recommended?

Answer: If palliative care services are not recommended at diagnosis, a doctor may recommend them, or parents can request them, if one of the following occurs: A first treatment is unsuccessful Symptoms worsen or prior symptoms recur Parents are being asked to make increasingly difficult decisions Parents feel they need additional support Pediatric palliative care is a relatively new specialty available in major children's hospitals and academic hospitals as well as in most medium-sized children's hospitals.


Question: What do you do if there is not a pediatric palliative care team available at your child's hospital?

Answer: If pediatric palliative care is not available at your child's hospital, primary caregivers can perform some palliative tasks. Families may ask their primary doctor if it is possible to be referred to an outside facility for palliative care services.


Question: What is pediatric palliative care (PAC)?

Answer: PAC teams offer a host of support services to families of children at any phase of a chronic or life-limiting condition. But just how beneficial palliative care can be is not always appreciated. The services provide families and patients with the support and comfort they need to get through intensive treatments and hospital stays. However, not all hospitals offer it.


Question: What should you know about infertility symptoms?

Answer: Infertility is when you cannot get pregnant after having unprotected, regular sex for six months to one year, depending on your age. The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. You may not have or notice any other symptoms. Symptoms can also depend on what is causing the infertility. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. Sometimes no cause is found.


Question: What are the symptoms of infertility in men?

Answer: They may go unnoticed until a man tries to have a baby. Symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. They can include: Changes in hair growth Changes in sexual desire Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles Problems with erections and ejaculation Small, firm testicles If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant without success for a year, see your doctor.


Question: When should you see a doctor about infertility?

Answer: They can include: Changes in hair growth Changes in sexual desire Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles Problems with erections and ejaculation Small, firm testicles If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant without success for a year, see your doctor. Women 35 and older should see their doctor after six months of trying.


Question: How is infertility diagnosed?

Answer: Blood, urine, and imaging tests can be done to discover why you are having trouble getting pregnant. A sperm analysis can be done to check a man's sperm count and the overall health of the sperm. Your doctor may refer you to a reproductive endocrinologist. That's a doctor who specializes in infertility. You will be asked questions about your infertility symptoms and medical history.


Question: What are other symptoms of infertility?

Answer: In this case, symptoms can also include: Skin changes, including more acne Changes in sex drive and desire Dark hair growth on the lips, chest, and chin Loss of hair or thinning hair Weight gain Other symptoms of disorders that may lead to infertility include: Milky white discharge from nipples unrelated to breastfeeding Pain during sex Many other things can be related to infertility in women, and their symptoms vary.


Question: What are the symptoms of infertility in women?

Answer: Bleeding is heavier or lighter than usual. Irregular periods. The number of days in between each period varies each month. No periods. You have never had a period, or periods suddenly stop. Painful periods. Back pain, pelvic pain, and cramping may happen. Sometimes, female infertility is related to a hormone problem. In this case, symptoms can also include: Skin changes, including more acne Changes in sex drive and desire Dark hair growth on the lips, chest, and chin Loss of hair or thinning hair Weight gain Other symptoms of disorders that may lead to infertility include: Milky white discharge from nipples unrelated to breastfeeding Pain during sex Many other things can be related to infertility in women, and their symptoms vary.


Question: What are symptoms of infertility due to a hormone problem in women?

Answer: Sometimes no cause is found. In this case, symptoms can also include: Skin changes, including more acne Changes in sex drive and desire Dark hair growth on the lips, chest, and chin Loss of hair or thinning hair Weight gain Other symptoms of disorders that may lead to infertility include: Milky white discharge from nipples unrelated to breastfeeding Pain during sex Many other things can be related to infertility in women, and their symptoms vary.


Question: How long does head-up tilt table test take?

Answer: It usually takes an hour or two to complete. That may vary, depending on how your blood pressure and heart rate change and what symptoms you have during it. Before the test begins, a nurse will start an IV. This is so the doctors and nurses may give you medications and fluids during the procedure if necessary. You'll be awake during the test. They'll ask you to lie quietly and keep your legs still.


Question: What diseases can lead to osteoporosis in children?

Answer: Some of the diseases that can lead to osteoporosis in children include: anorexia nervosa Cushing's syndrome cystic fibrosis diabetes homocystinuria, a genetic metabolic disorder hyperparathyroidism hyperthyroidism juvenile arthritis kidney disease leukemia malabsorption syndrome osteogenesis imperfecta, sometimes called brittle bone disease Some osteoporosis in children is a direct result of disease itself.


Question: Can smoking raise your risk for weaker bones later in life?

Answer: You build about 90% of your bone mass by the time you're ages 18 to 20. Quitting smoking appears to lower this risk over time.


Question: Where can I receive occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Many hospitals offer outpatient physical therapy services. However, you may need to get a doctor's order to be seen in physical therapy. If you feel you can benefit from physical therapy, do not hesitate to ask your doctor for a referral.


Question: How many physical therapy visits will I need for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Treatments in physical therapy often can be completed in one to three office visits. The first appointment includes an evaluation and recommendations for exercises. The following appointments check your progress and review and expand your home program. Most hospitals can provide additional sessions of outpatient therapy if needed.


Question: What is occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Occupational therapy can help people with Parkinson's disease stay active in daily life. By improving your skills, showing you different ways to complete tasks, or introducing you to handy equipment, an occupational therapist can help you perform everyday activities with greater ease and satisfaction. An occupational therapist may also recommend making changes to your home or workplace to promote your independence. For Parkinson's disease, occupational therapy generally provides assessment, treatment, and recommendations in the following areas: Arm and hand therapy Handwriting aids Home modification information Driver evaluation and vehicle modification information Cooking and homemaking adaptations Eating and dinnerware adaptations Ways to make the most of your energy Computer modifications Workplace or work equipment modifications Leisure skill development Manual or electric wheelchair use Bathtub and toilet equipment use Dressing and grooming aids Many hospitals offer outpatient occupational therapy services.


Question: How does physical therapy work in treating Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Physical therapy can help with: Balance problems Lack of coordination Fatigue Pain Gait Immobility Weakness Important note: Some physical therapists may apply diathermy (local heat application produced by high-frequency electrical current) to relieve muscle aches and pains. This could be dangerous to patients who have deep brain stimulators. Many hospitals offer outpatient physical therapy services. However, you may need to get a doctor's order to be seen in physical therapy.


Question: What are work capacity evaluations of physical therapy for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Many physical therapists can perform functional capacity evaluations to provide more information for disability claims based on physical performance. This functional capacity evaluation can be useful when the Social Security office denies disability to a person who is unable to work for an eight-hour day.


Question: Is exercise a treatment for clinical depression?

Answer: Research has shown that exercise is an effective but often underused treatment for mild to moderate depression.


Question: How often should I exercise to ease depression?

Answer: ( For example: weight loss, strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, or mood enhancement) Try to exercise at least 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week. Studies indicate that exercising four or five times a week is even better. Take it easy if you are just beginning. Start exercising for 20 minutes. Then you can build up to 30 minutes.


Question: How can I decide what types of exercise to do if I have depression?

Answer: Before you begin an exercise program for depression, here are some questions you should consider: What physical activities do I enjoy? Do I prefer group or individual activities? What programs best fit my schedule? Do I have physical conditions that limit my choice of exercise? What goals do I have in mind? ( For example: weight loss, strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, or mood enhancement) Try to exercise at least 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before exercising if I have depression?

Answer: For most people, it is OK to start an exercise program without checking with a health care provider. However, if you have not exercised in a while, are over age 50, or have a medical condition such as diabetes or heart disease, contact your health care provider before starting an exercise program.


Question: What are the psychological benefits of exercise with depression?

Answer: When you exercise, your body releases chemicals called endorphins. These endorphins interact with the receptors in your brain that reduce your perception of pain. Endorphins also trigger a positive feeling in the body, similar to that of morphine. For example, the feeling that follows a run or workout is often described as "euphoric." That feeling, known as a "runner's high," can be accompanied by a positive and energizing outlook on life.


Question: What should I do if exercise is painful and I have depression?

Answer: It appears that any form of exercise can help depression. Never ignore pain. You may cause stress and damage to your joints and muscles if you continue exercising through pain. If you still feel pain a couple hours after exercising, you have probably overexerted yourself and need to decrease your activity level. If your pain persists or is severe, or if you suspect you have injured yourself, contact your doctor. If you are unable to regularly participate in exercise or athletics, you can also try other tools to help boost your mood. Studies of meditation and massage therapy have demonstrated that these techniques can stimulate endorphin secretion, increase relaxation, and aid in boosting mood.


Question: Can joining a group exercise be helpful with managing depression?

Answer: Research has shown that exercise is an effective but often underused treatment for mild to moderate depression. Some examples of moderate exercise include: Biking Dancing Gardening Golf (walking instead of using the cart) Housework, especially sweeping, mopping, or vacuuming Jogging at a moderate pace Low-impact aerobics Playing tennis Swimming Walking Yard work, especially mowing or raking Yoga Because strong social support is important for those with depression, joining a group exercise class may be beneficial. Do I prefer group or individual activities? If you need reminding, put it on your calendar.


Question: What tips can help me start exercising if I have depression?

Answer: When you first start your exercise program, you should plan a routine that is easy to follow and maintain. When you start feeling comfortable with your routine, then you can start varying your exercise times and activities. Here are some tips to help you get started: Choose an activity you enjoy. Put your exercise routine into your schedule. If you need reminding, put it on your calendar. Make sure you vary your exercises so that you don't get bored. Check your local gymnasium or community center for an assortment of exercise programs. Stick with it.


Question: Which conditions can be treated with glycine?

Answer: Leg ulcers, which can be caused by poor circulation, diabetes, kidney failure, and other health problems, have shown some improvement after treatment with a cream containing glycine and other amino acids.


Question: Where can I get glycine?

Answer: Glycine is also found in high-protein foods such as: Meat Fish Dairy products Legumes It's estimated that we get about 2 grams of glycine a day from food sources.


Question: Why do people take glycine supplements?

Answer: Glycine has numerous proposed uses. Few of those suggested uses have enough evidence to fully back glycine's effectiveness. Glycine has shown the most promise as a part of a treatment plan for schizophrenia. In several studies, glycine boosted the effectiveness of other schizophrenia drugs when taken at doses of .6 grams per kilogram of weight per day.


Question: What can I do to treat bronchitis?

Answer: Here are some things you can do to ease your symptoms: Drink a lot of water. Eight to 12 glasses a day help thin out your mucus and makes it easier to cough it up. Get plenty of rest. Take over-the-counter pain relievers with ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), naproxen ( Aleve), or aspirin to help with pain, but avoid giving aspirin to children. You can use acetaminophen ( Tylenol) to help with pain and fever. Use a humidifier or try steam to loosen up the mucus; a hot shower can work well.


Question: What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer: Call your doctor if your cough: Brings up mucus that thickens or darkens in color Keeps you awake at night Lasts more than 3 weeks You'll also want to call your doctor if you have a cough and: A foul-tasting fluid in our mouth (this could be reflux) Fever over 100.4 F Wheezing or shortness of breath Pneumonia symptoms can be mild or severe based on what causes it, your age, and your overall health. The most common symptoms are: Cough (you might bring up yellow, green, or even bloody mucus) Fever Shaking chills Shortness of breath (for some people, this happens only when they climb stairs) You may also have: Chest pain (you might get a stabbing or sharp pain that's worse when you cough or take a deep breath) Confusion (more common for adults 65 and older) Run-down feeling Headache Heavy sweating and clammy, damp skin Throwing up or feeling like you might Call your doctor if you have a cough that won't go away or you're coughing up pus.


Question: When should I call my doctor for pneumonia?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Cough (you might bring up yellow, green, or even bloody mucus) Fever Shaking chills Shortness of breath (for some people, this happens only when they climb stairs) You may also have: Chest pain (you might get a stabbing or sharp pain that's worse when you cough or take a deep breath) Confusion (more common for adults 65 and older) Run-down feeling Headache Heavy sweating and clammy, damp skin Throwing up or feeling like you might Call your doctor if you have a cough that won't go away or you're coughing up pus. Other symptoms that could spur a call: Chest pain Fever that stays at 102 F or higher Shaking chills Shortness of breath as you go about your day Trouble breathing Unable to keep liquids down Most often, the same viruses that give you a cold or the flu also cause bronchitis.


Question: When should I call my doctor for bronchitis?

Answer: Call your doctor if your cough: Brings up mucus that thickens or darkens in color Keeps you awake at night Lasts more than 3 weeks You'll also want to call your doctor if you have a cough and: A foul-tasting fluid in our mouth (this could be reflux) Fever over 100.4 F Wheezing or shortness of breath Pneumonia symptoms can be mild or severe based on what causes it, your age, and your overall health.


Question: What causes pneumonia?

Answer: Pneumonia can be caused by: Bacteria Certain chemicals Fungi Mycoplasmas, which are like bacteria and give you milder symptoms (sometimes called âwalking pneumoniaâ) Viruses (the same ones that cause colds and the flu can also give you pneumonia) As your body fights off the germs, your lungs' air sacs swell and may fill with fluid or pus, much like your bronchial tubes swell and fill with mucus when you have bronchitis.


Question: How is pneumonia treated?

Answer: If it's caused by a virus, you may get an antiviral drug. And if it's really severe, you may need to go to the hospital, though that's not as common. To help ease your symptoms, you can do many of the same things as with bronchitis: Drink plenty of fluids Get as much rest as you can Take pain relievers for pain and fever And again, it's best to avoid cough medicines. In fact, there's actually very little proof that they can help with the cough you get from pneumonia. Pneumonia usually runs its course within a few weeks with treatment, but you may be tired for as long as a month.


Question: What are the different kinds of bronchitis?

Answer: There are two kinds: Acute bronchitis. In this article, we're looking at acute bronchitis. Pneumonia is another infection in your lungs, but instead of the bronchial tubes, you get it in tiny air sacs in your lungs called alveoli. Most of the time, acute bronchitis goes away on its own within a couple of weeks. If it's caused by bacteria, you'll get an antibiotic.


Question: How is depression relative to excessive sleepiness treated?

Answer: Treatment for Depression These are some of the most effective treatments for depression: Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT). This involves targeting thoughts that lead to depressive feelings and changing behaviors that make depression worse. Medications. These include antidepressants, and mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants or lithium for depression associated with bipolar disorder. Exercise and diet changes. This includes limiting caffeine and alcohol.


Question: What conditions can cause sleepiness?

Answer: Not getting enough sleep -- sometimes by choice -- is the most common cause of excessive sleepiness. Working at night and sleeping during the day is another. Other causes include drug, alcohol, or cigarette use, lack of physical activity, obesity, and the use of certain medications. But nodding off when you want or need to be awake may also be caused by an underlying condition. Depression or a sleep disorder -- such as restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea, or narcolepsy -- are common causes of problem sleepiness.


Question: What can you do to help with excessive sleepiness?

Answer: In addition to steps above, try these strategies for excessive sleepiness: Keep a consistent sleep schedule. Do relaxing things at bedtime. Use your bedroom only for sleep and sex.


Question: How does sleep apnea lead to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: Sleep apnea is becoming a more common cause of sleepiness in children and adults. Sleep apnea occurs when the upper airway collapses for at least 10 seconds during sleep -- and does so up to hundreds of times each night. Obstructive sleep apnea is the result of a blockage in the airway. Central sleep apnea occurs when the brain fails to send signals to the muscles that control breathing. Snoring and gasping for air as the airway reopens occur often with sleep apnea. But you may not be aware you have sleep apnea unless your bed partner tells you about the ruckus you're making. Because your breathing is interrupted, so is your sleep, leading to sleepiness during school, work, or other activities. You might mistake yourself as a âgood sleeperâ because you can sleep anytime, anywhere. But falling asleep in traffic or at work is obviously less than ideal. People with sleep apnea have many more auto accidents than people who don't have the condition.


Question: What other problems can sleep apnea cause relative to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: Sleep apnea can cause other problems, too: wide swings in heart rate as well as a decrease in oxygen levels. It is associated with and the possible cause of other medical conditions such as: High blood pressure Heart disease Diabetes Depression Elevated hemoglobin, or thickened blood Fatigue The most common treatments for sleep apnea include: Continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP).


Question: How is restless legs syndrome treated relative to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome Moving your legs lessens RLS symptoms. These steps may also be enough to relieve symptoms of RLS: Take iron or vitamin B12 or folate supplements if your doctor says your levels are low and recommends them. Talk to your doctor about whether a medication or herbal remedy that you're taking may be making symptoms worse. These could include medication that treats high blood pressure, nausea, colds, allergies, heart conditions, or depression. Stay away from alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine. Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and try relaxation techniques such as hot baths and massage.


Question: How can restless legs syndrome cause excessive sleepiness?

Answer: RLS may also cause jerky leg movements every 20 to 30 seconds throughout the night. Sometimes RLS can affect other parts of the body, too. RLS symptoms may occur or get worse while you're at rest or sleeping. Because the symptoms are usually worse at night, they can greatly interrupt your sleep and lead to sleepiness when you need to be awake. RLS can be so bad, it is mistaken for insomnia. Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome Moving your legs lessens RLS symptoms.


Question: When is sleepiness a problem?

Answer: Sleepiness is likely a problem for you if: You have trouble waking in the morning.


Question: What medications are useful for treating restless legs syndrome relative to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: If these steps are not enough, several types of medication are useful for treating the symptoms of restless legs syndrome or for inducing deep sleep. They include: Anti-seizure drugs such as carbamazepine ( Tegretol), gabapentin ( Neurontin), and valproate. Gabapentin enacarbil ( Horizant) is a newer drug that is used in restless legs syndrome treatment. It was not developed as a seizure medicine. Anti-parkinsonian drugs such as carbidopa/levodopa ( Sinemet), pergolide, pramipexole ( Mirapex), and ropinirole ( Requip XL) Benzodiazepines such as clonazepam ( Klonopin), diazepam ( Valium), lorazepam ( Ativan), and temazepam ( Restoril) Opiates such as codeine, methadone, and oxycodone for severe RLS Because these drugs have not been compared thoroughly in studies, the best approach is to start with one and see how it works. If it's ineffective, work with your doctor to find an alternative. In severe cases, a combination of drugs may work best.


Question: How is sleep apnea treated relative to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: It is associated with and the possible cause of other medical conditions such as: High blood pressure Heart disease Diabetes Depression Elevated hemoglobin, or thickened blood Fatigue The most common treatments for sleep apnea include: Continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP). In this treatment, a nasal device attached to a machine with a blower unit helps keep the airway open. CPAP is the most common treatment used for obstructive sleep apnea. Armodafinil ( Nuvigil) and modafinil ( Provigal). These stimulant medications can help relieve sleepiness in people who do not respond well enough to CPAP alone. Solriamfetol ( Sunosi) iths medication can be used to improve wakefulness in people who have excessive sleepiness due to sleep apnea. Oral appliance therapy. Devices move the tongue, lower jaw, or soft palate forward, which opens the airway. Weight loss. If you are obese, losing weight can decrease risk for sleep apnea by reducing fat deposits in the neck. It also reduces many of the other risks associated with sleep apnea, such as heart disease. Surgery. This may be an option if other treatments don't work. In addition to treatments for sleep apnea, it is important to manage other conditions, such as high blood pressure, that often exist along with it.


Question: What medications are used to treat narcolepsy relative to excessive sleepiness?

Answer: Treatment for Narcolepsy Your doctor may prescribe these medications: Stimulants such as armodafinil, modafinil, methylphenidate, or dextroamphetamine are most commonly used to help people stay awake. Antidepressants such as tricyclics or serotonin reuptake inhibitors can help with cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Sodium oxybate ( Xyrem), a central nervous system depressant, helps control cataplexy, when a person suddenly feels weak or collapses. Solriamfetrol ( Sunosi), a dual-acting dopamine and norepinephromere uptake inhibitor helps patients stay awake longer.


Question: How does narcolepsy cause excessive sleepiness?

Answer: Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes disabling daytime sleepiness and other symptoms. Narcolepsy is related to the dreaming period of sleep called REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. With narcolepsy, though, REM periods can occur throughout the day. In addition to drowsiness that doesn't improve, narcolepsy may cause brief uncontrollable moments of sleep, or âsleep attacks,â without warning. Another daytime hallmark of narcolepsy is sudden loss of muscle control, or cataplexy. This can be a slight feeling of weakness or total body collapse. It can last from seconds up to a minute. Cataplexy is related to the muscle immobility, or âparalysis,â that is part of REM sleep. It is often triggered by emotions or fatigue.


Question: How can I treat the symptoms of diving ear pain?

Answer: For pain, give ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen ( Tylenol). Avoid ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if the person has heart failure or kidney failure.


Question: If I have diving ear pain, how long should I wait before going on another dive?

Answer: To avoid serious hearing loss or other problems, the person should not go on another dive until the pain goes away or the person sees a doctor.


Question: What are symptoms of diving ear pain (barotrauma)?

Answer: Symptoms of diving ear pain (also known as barotrauma) include: Ear pressure Mild to severe ear pain Nausea Reduced hearing Ringing ear Vertigo Vomiting Help the person ascend until symptoms disappear.


Question: When do I need medical attention for diving ear pain?

Answer: Seek immediate medical care if: Pain, a feeling like there is water in the ears, or muffled hearing continues after the dive is over There are symptoms of inner ear damage, such as deafness, ear ringing, or vertigo The person has experienced ear pain when diving before If possible, see an ear, nose, and throat specialist with experience in treating diving-related ear problems.


Question: Can urinary catheters cause bladder spasms?

Answer: These can happen if your bladder tries to push out the catheter. Medicine can help.


Question: What is a catheter?

Answer: If you have trouble peeing or can't control when you pee, a urinary catheter that goes into your bladder can get rid of urine for you. If you need blood or medicine, your doctor might use an intravenous catheter that's connected to one of your veins with a needle. For example, if you had cancer and needed chemotherapy, that's how you'd get it. It usually goes in through your urethra (the tube that takes urine from your bladder out of your body) and drains your bladder.


Question: At home, what kinds of things call for protective eyewear?

Answer: It can include: Goggles, which are more impact resistant than safety glasses Safety glasses with side protection/shields Face shields, including welding helmets Full-face respirators, which include face shields At home: Protective eyewear can help prevent eye injury from: Household chemicals Workshop activities Gardening and lawn work Car repair or maintenance tasks If you injure your eye(s), get medical attention immediately.


Question: What are some terms Iâll hear about eyeglass lenses, and what do they mean?

Answer: Lenses: Your glasses may have: Monofocal lenses: One vision correction for all distances Multifocal (bifocal, trifocal, progressive, or no-line) lenses: Correct both near and distant vision Ultraviolet ( UV) protection: A lens coating that blocks the sun's damaging and invisible UV rays Antireflective lens coating: Lessens light reflection off your glasses, and reduces daytime glare and the nighttime "starburst" effect around lights You may want to ask your eye doctor about other features like: Photochromatic lenses: They darken in situations where you'd otherwise wear sunglasses but act as regular eyeglasses in normal (usually indoor) light.


Question: What kinds of materials are eyeglass frames made from?

Answer: They can may be made from: Plastic Plain metal A mix of plastic and metal Specialty metals like titanium and carbon graphite -- both are highly damage resistant Fit: Your new specs should feel almost as if you aren't wearing them.


Question: How should a new pair of eyeglasses feel when I put them on?

Answer: They can may be made from: Plastic Plain metal A mix of plastic and metal Specialty metals like titanium and carbon graphite -- both are highly damage resistant Fit: Your new specs should feel almost as if you aren't wearing them. They shouldn't rub against your ears or nose, fall off easily, or just not feel right. Give yourself enough time to get used to them. If problems don't go away, tell your eye doctor.


Question: What are some good features to have in eyeglass lenses?

Answer: Lenses: Your glasses may have: Monofocal lenses: One vision correction for all distances Multifocal (bifocal, trifocal, progressive, or no-line) lenses: Correct both near and distant vision Ultraviolet ( UV) protection: A lens coating that blocks the sun's damaging and invisible UV rays Antireflective lens coating: Lessens light reflection off your glasses, and reduces daytime glare and the nighttime "starburst" effect around lights You may want to ask your eye doctor about other features like: Photochromatic lenses: They darken in situations where you'd otherwise wear sunglasses but act as regular eyeglasses in normal (usually indoor) light. Scratch protection: They're recommended for plastic lenses. Tints: They're mostly just for looks, but they can help if your eyes are sensitive to light.


Question: What are some things that call for special eyeglasses?

Answer: It can come from long hours staring at a computer screen or focusing and refocusing at different distances. Driving: Your options include: Special "driving sunglasses" with polarized lenses to block the light Glasses with both your lens prescription for distance vision and an anti-reflective coating Reading: These are a good choice if you have simple presbyopia (good distance vision but trouble up close). These glasses can be good for close-up hobbies, too. They're OK for most of us, but they may not work for you if your eyes aren't exactly matched or if you have astigmatism. Sports: Protective eyewear can prevent almost all sports-related injuries: Sports goggles with impact-resistant polycarbonate lenses: You can use them for basketball, baseball and softball (fielding), field hockey, women's lacrosse, racket sports, and soccer. Polycarbonate shields (or wire face guards): Used, for example, in baseball and softball (batting), and football Don't wear your everyday eyeglasses during sports.


Question: How do eyeglasses work?

Answer: That depends on whether your eyes change or not. It's a major part of keeping your eyes healthy. When you focus intently, you blink less and your eyes can dry out.


Question: What are types of safety eyewear might you see in the workplace?

Answer: If problems don't go away, tell your eye doctor. Safety eyewear should be comfortable and fit well. It can include: Goggles, which are more impact resistant than safety glasses Safety glasses with side protection/shields Face shields, including welding helmets Full-face respirators, which include face shields At home: Protective eyewear can help prevent eye injury from: Household chemicals Workshop activities Gardening and lawn work Car repair or maintenance tasks If you injure your eye(s), get medical attention immediately.


Question: Do most sinusitis infections go away on their own?

Answer: The most common are tissue injury and infection.


Question: Does surgery cure sinusitis?

Answer: Keep in mind that sinus surgery doesn't always cure sinusitis. Instead, you should look at it as part of your overall treatment plan. For example, you may still get sinus infections from time to time. And in the days right after surgery, your doctor may tell you to continue with saline rinses, antibiotics or other medications to treat your condition.


Question: When should you feel better after surgery for sinusitis?

Answer: If you decide to get surgery, you have a few different options.


Question: What is nasal packing?

Answer: Depending on the extent of the procedure, you may need what's called nasal packing. This is when your doctor places gauze-like material in the nasal cavity to absorb blood or other fluids right after surgery. He will take them out at your next follow-up appointment. There are also dissolvable packing materials that don't need to be removed.


Question: How do liquids help treat my cold?

Answer: The liquid loosens the mucus that's backed up in your sinuses. Hot tea is good. So is chicken soup.


Question: When should I call a doctor to treat a cold?

Answer: Call your doctor if your symptoms stick around for more than a week, or if they get worse after about 5 days.


Question: What should I do before taking a decongestant for sinuses?

Answer: Also make that call if you have diabetes, an enlarged prostate, thyroid disease, or heart disease. While you take this type of medication, watch for side effects like nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness.


Question: What are symptoms of Addisonian crisis?

Answer: Symptoms of an Addisonian crisis include: Shock, when the body does not get enough blood flow Sudden penetrating pain in the lower back, abdomen, or legs Severe vomiting and diarrhea, followed by dehydration Fever Weakness and fatigue Low blood pressure Loss of consciousness Multiple organ failure, including kidneys, if circulation of blood cannot be restored


Question: What are the symptoms of Addison's disease?

Answer: Over time, Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, leads to these symptoms: Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness Loss of appetite, inability to digest food, and weight loss Low blood pressure (hypotension) that falls further when standing; this causes dizziness, sometimes to the point of fainting. Blotchy, dark tanning and freckling of the skin; this is most noticeable on parts of the body exposed to the sun, but also occurs in unexposed areas like the gums. Darkened skin is particularly likely to occur on the forehead, knees, and elbows or along scars, skin folds, and creases (such as on the palms). Blood sugar abnormalities, including dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Inability to cope with stress Moodiness, irritability, and depression Intolerance to heat or cold Craving for salty foods Some of these symptoms may indicate conditions other than Addison's disease.


Question: What should be included in your action plan for status asthmaticus?

Answer: It's important to follow the asthma action plan that you made with your doctor, avoid your triggers, take your medicine, and keep up with your doctor appointments.


Question: How can your peak flow meter help with preventing status asthmaticus?

Answer: Use a peak flow meter several times a day. These devices help to check on how well your lungs are working. Start treatment immediately, according to your asthma action plan, if you notice a lower reading, even if you feel fine. Keep up with your doctor appointments to find out how well your lungs are doing and to make sure your medicines are working well.


Question: What is status asthmaticus?

Answer: Status asthmaticus is respiratory failure that comes with the worst form of acute severe asthma, or an asthma attack. If an attack comes on quickly and it doesn't respond to regular treatment, it can lead to status asthmatiscus, If it happens, you may have to go to the hospital to get it treated.


Question: When will you need immediate medical care for status asthmaticus?

Answer: If you have a bad asthma attack and your rescue inhaler or your nebulizer doesn't help, you need medical care right away. If you have a steroid medicine at home (such as prednisone), you can take a dose of it on your way to the emergency room.


Question: How can you prevent status asthmaticus?

Answer: Status asthmaticus is respiratory failure that comes with the worst form of acute severe asthma, or an asthma attack. It's important to follow the asthma action plan that you made with your doctor, avoid your triggers, take your medicine, and keep up with your doctor appointments. You might be surprised to learn that you may not have more of these than usual during a severe asthma attack. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and how well you're breathing. But you can take steps to make them less likely: Take your asthma medication as often as your doctor recommends.


Question: What causes status asthmaticus?

Answer: Status asthmaticus is respiratory failure that comes with the worst form of acute severe asthma, or an asthma attack. Doctors don't know why some people get severe asthma attacks. It may be more likely if: You don't often see your doctor, so your asthma isn't under good control. You come in contact with your asthma triggers or things you're allergic to. You don't use your peak flow meter and asthma medicines as directed by your doctor in your asthma action plan.


Question: What are the triggers for cluster headaches?

Answer: When you're in the middle of a cluster period, any of these can bring on a headache: Cigarette smoke Alcohol Strong smells You have several options when it comes to treating these headaches: Medications Acute attack treatments: These help when the headache hits.


Question: How long do cluster headaches last?

Answer: Men get them more than women do. Short duration: Cluster headaches usually only last 30 to 90 minutes.


Question: Who is at risk for cluster headaches?

Answer: Men get them more than women do. Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks. When that happens, you may notice: Discomfort or a mild burning sensation Swollen or drooping eye Smaller pupil in the eye Eye redness or watering Runny or congested nose Red, warm face Sweating You're sensitive to light Cluster headaches are more common in people who smoke or are heavy drinkers.


Question: What are episodic cluster headaches?

Answer: It's so bad that most people can't sit still and will often pace during an attack. They can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as 3 hours, but then they disappear. You'll probably get one to three of these headaches a day. Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks.


Question: What is an episodic cluster headache?

Answer: It's so bad that most people can't sit still and will often pace during an attack. They can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as 3 hours, but then they disappear. You'll probably get one to three of these headaches a day. Frequent: Most people will get daily headaches for 2 weeks to 3 months; in between these periods, they'll be pain-free for at least 2 weeks.


Question: What are some symptoms of cluster headaches?

Answer: Pain: It's almost always one-sided, and it stays on the same side during a period, the time when you're getting daily attacks. You'll feel it behind or around one eye. When that happens, you may notice: Discomfort or a mild burning sensation Swollen or drooping eye Smaller pupil in the eye Eye redness or watering Runny or congested nose Red, warm face Sweating You're sensitive to light Cluster headaches are more common in people who smoke or are heavy drinkers.


Question: What are the symptoms of cluster headaches?

Answer: Pain: It's almost always one-sided, and it stays on the same side during a period, the time when you're getting daily attacks. You'll feel it behind or around one eye. When that happens, you may notice: Discomfort or a mild burning sensation Swollen or drooping eye Smaller pupil in the eye Eye redness or watering Runny or congested nose Red, warm face Sweating You're sensitive to light Cluster headaches are more common in people who smoke or are heavy drinkers.


Question: When can cluster headaches happen?

Answer: Cluster headaches are a series of relatively short but extremely painful headaches every day for weeks or months at a time. You tend to get them at the same time each year, such as the spring or fall. Cluster headaches can be more severe than a migraine, but they usually don't last as long. Men get them more than women do. The nerve that's affected, the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for sensations such as heat or pain in your face. It's near your eye, and it branches up to your forehead, across your cheek, down your jaw line, and above your ear on the same side, too. They might even wake you up an hour or two after you go to bed.


Question: How can I tell if I might have cluster headaches?

Answer: When you're in the middle of a cluster period, any of these can bring on a headache: Cigarette smoke Alcohol Strong smells You have several options when it comes to treating these headaches: Medications Acute attack treatments: These help when the headache hits. Alternative Treatments Talk to your doctor about: Capsaicin: A nasal spray of this pain reliever might help.


Question: How often is the emergency stockpile of the smallpox vaccine used?

Answer: The variola virus causes it.


Question: What would happen if there were an outbreak of smallpox?

Answer: If an outbreak of smallpox were to happen, public health measures would likely include these steps: find and vaccinate infected people, vaccinate health care workers and others at risk of infection, isolate smallpox patients to keep them from spreading the disease, and give vaccinations for the public as needed to contain the outbreak.


Question: How can I prevent smallpox?

Answer: The vaccine prompts the body's immune system to make the tools, called antibodies, it needs to protect against the variola virus and help prevent smallpox disease.


Question: How soon will I see symptoms of smallpox after I'm  infected?

Answer: During this time, the person isn't contagious and can't spread the virus to others. An infected person is most contagious once they start having symptoms. He can spread smallpox to others until he is completely symptom-free.


Question: What causes smallpox?

Answer: The variola virus causes it. There are two forms of the virus. The more dangerous form, variola major, led to smallpox disease that killed about 30% of people who were infected. Variola minor caused a less deadly type that killed about 1% of those who got it.


Question: How is smallpox treated?

Answer: There's only one known drug that can treat smallpox. Beyond that, medical care aims to ease symptoms like fever and body aches, and control any other illnesses that a person can get when their immune system is weak. Antibiotics can help if someone gets a bacterial infection while they have smallpox. The vaccine prompts the body's immune system to make the tools, called antibodies, it needs to protect against the variola virus and help prevent smallpox disease.


Question: What are some potential risks of the smallpox vaccine>

Answer: The vaccine prompts the body's immune system to make the tools, called antibodies, it needs to protect against the variola virus and help prevent smallpox disease. Some of its side effects can be dangerous, especially for people with weak immune systems. Some people would have a higher risk of a reaction to the vaccine, like: Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding People with skin disorders such as eczema People with a weak immune system due to a medical condition like leukemia or HIV People on medical treatments, such as for cancer, that make the immune system weak It's hard to know how major a threat a smallpox outbreak would be today.


Question: What can my doctor do to help my smallpox?

Answer: There's only one known drug that can treat smallpox. Beyond that, medical care aims to ease symptoms like fever and body aches, and control any other illnesses that a person can get when their immune system is weak. Antibiotics can help if someone gets a bacterial infection while they have smallpox.


Question: How common are exocrine pancreatic cancers?

Answer: Other less common exocrine pancreatic cancers include: Adenosquamous carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Giant cell carcinoma Acinar cell carcinoma Small cell carcinoma The exocrine pancreas makes up 95% of the pancreas, so it's not surprising that most pancreatic cancers arise here.


Question: How can you prevent pancreatic cancer?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent pancreatic cancer.


Question: What are risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for pancreatic cancer: Smoking roughly doubles the risk for pancreatic cancer when compared to non-smokers. While diabetes is not a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the two have been linked. Age, race, and family history are other risk factors for pancreatic cancer.


Question: How is pancreatic cancer treated?

Answer: Chemotherapy and radiation are often given together, prior to, after, or even without surgery, to slow pancreatic cancer's growth. Palliative care aims to reduce discomfort for people whose pancreatic cancer cannot be cured.


Question: What are exocrine pancreatic cancers?

Answer: Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer Although there are several different types of exocrine pancreatic cancer, 95% of cases are due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Other less common exocrine pancreatic cancers include: Adenosquamous carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Giant cell carcinoma Acinar cell carcinoma Small cell carcinoma The exocrine pancreas makes up 95% of the pancreas, so it's not surprising that most pancreatic cancers arise here.


Question: How is pancreatic cancer classified?

Answer: Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer Other cells of the pancreas make hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream (endocrine system).


Question: How is pancreatic cancer prevented?

Answer: There is no known way to prevent pancreatic cancer.


Question: What causes pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer occurs when cells in the pancreas grow, divide, and spread uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for pancreatic cancer: Smoking roughly doubles the risk for pancreatic cancer when compared to non-smokers. While diabetes is not a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the two have been linked. Age, race, and family history are other risk factors for pancreatic cancer.


Question: How is surgery used for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer is treated in several ways, alone or in combination: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Palliative care Surgery is generally done to attempt to cure pancreatic cancer, but it may also be done to lessen or prevent symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiation are often given together, prior to, after, or even without surgery, to slow pancreatic cancer's growth. Palliative care aims to reduce discomfort for people whose pancreatic cancer cannot be cured.


Question: What should you expect from pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer's tendency to spread silently before diagnosis makes it one of the most deadly cancer diagnoses, with more than 43,000 people expected to die of the disease in 2017. Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer Although there are several different types of exocrine pancreatic cancer, 95% of cases are due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This can be done with a needle through the skin, during endoscopy, or with an operation.


Question: How is pancreatic cancer diagnosed?

Answer: In 2017, about 53,670 Americans will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. These tests include: Ultrasound CT scanning MRI Endoscopic ultrasonography Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) A definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cancer only comes from removal of tissue (biopsy) for examination in a lab. This can be done with a needle through the skin, during endoscopy, or with an operation.