Question: How can vitamin D help rebuild your bone after a fracture?

Answer: It helps your blood take in and use calcium and build up the minerals in your bones. You get some vitamin D when sunlight hits your skin, so it can be a good idea to spend a short amount of time outdoors each day -- 15 minutes may be enough for a fair-skinned person. Vitamin D is found naturally in only a few foods like egg yolks and fatty fish, but manufacturers add it to other foods, like milk or orange juice. Adults should get at least 600 IU of vitamin D every day, and if you're over 70 you should get at least 800 IU. Good sources: Swordfish, salmon, cod liver oil, sardines, liver, fortified milk or yogurt, egg yolks, and fortified orange juice.


Question: How can iron help rebuild your bone after a fracture?

Answer: When you have a fracture, your body needs it to build new bone for the repair. Iron helps your body make collagen to rebuild bone. It also plays a part in getting oxygen into your bones to help them heal. Good sources: Red meat, dark-meat chicken or turkey, oily fish, eggs, dried fruits, leafy green veggies, whole-grain breads, and fortified cereals.


Question: How can potassium help rebuild your bone after a fracture?

Answer: This mineral also helps you build strong bones, so foods and drinks rich in it can help your bone fracture heal. Get enough of this mineral in your diet, and you won't lose as much calcium when you pee. There are lots of fresh fruits rich in potassium. Good sources: Bananas, orange juice, potatoes, nuts, seeds, fish, meat, and milk.


Question: What foods should I avoid to heal after a bone fracture?

Answer: After a fracture, your bone needs to rebuild. This mineral also helps you build strong bones, so foods and drinks rich in it can help your bone fracture heal. You won't build new bone as fast to fix the fracture. A bit too much alcohol can also make you unsteady on your feet, which can make you more likely to fall and risk an injury to the same bone. Salt: Too much of this in your diet can make you lose more calcium in your urine. Coffee: Lots of caffeine -- more than four cups of strong coffee a day -- can slow down bone healing a little. It might make you pee more, and that could mean you lose more calcium through your urine.


Question: What kind of diet can help rebuild your bone after a fracture?

Answer: A healthy, well-balanced diet rich in key nutrients can help speed that up. You don't need to take supplements unless your doctor recommends it. They don't always work well. It's much better to get the nutrition you need from your plate, not from a pill. There are lots of fresh fruits rich in potassium.


Question: How should you prepare for a mammogram?

Answer: Before your mammogram, inform your doctor or the technologist performing the test if you are pregnant or think that you may be pregnant. No dietary changes are necessary. Take your medicines as usual. Do not wear body powder, cream, deodorant, or lotion under your arms or on your chest the day of the test. These substances may interfere with the X-rays. You will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and you will be given a hospital gown to wear. You may want to wear a two-piece outfit the day of the test. You will be asked to remove all jewelry.


Question: What is a mammogram?

Answer: For a routine breast screening, two pictures are taken of each breast.


Question: What happens during a mammogram?

Answer: You will be asked to stand in front of an X-ray machine. A technologist will place your breast on an X-ray plate. A clear plastic paddle will gently compress your breast until taut. Compression is necessary to obtain the clearest possible picture with the least amount of radiation. Your cooperation for these few seconds is important to get a clear picture. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist. If you feel some discomfort from this pressure, it will only last for a few seconds while the X-ray is being taken. To minimize discomfort during compression, you may want to consider scheduling your appointment seven to 10 days after the start of your period, when your breasts are least likely to be tender. The breast will be imaged in several positions to enable the radiologist to visualize all breast tissue adequately. For a routine breast screening, two pictures are taken of each breast. The exam takes about 5-10 minutes.


Question: What is a mammogram used for?

Answer: If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist. If you feel any discomfort after the mammogram, ask your doctor if you can take aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve it.


Question: What happens after a mammogram?

Answer: Before your mammogram, inform your doctor or the technologist performing the test if you are pregnant or think that you may be pregnant. You will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and you will be given a hospital gown to wear. The results of your mammogram will be given to your doctor, who will discuss with you what the test results could mean and what further tests might be recommended. If you do not receive your results within two weeks, do not assume the results are normal. Contact your doctor and the mammogram facility to get confirmation of the results.


Question: Why do you need a mammogram?

Answer: Research has shown that mammography can increase breast cancer survival. Your cooperation for these few seconds is important to get a clear picture. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that women in their 20s and 30s should get a clinical breast exam with their doctor at least every three years, and annually after the age of 45.


Question: How can you prepare for a possible heart attack before you have one?

Answer: Nobody plans on having a heart attack. It's best to be prepared. Steps you can take before symptoms start include: Memorize the list of heart attack symptoms and warning signs. Remember that you need to call 911 within 5 minutes of when they begin. Talk to family and friends about the warning signs and the importance of calling 911 immediately. Know your risk factors and do what you can to reduce them. Create a heart attack survival plan that includes information about medicines you're taking, your allergies, your doctor's number, and people to contact in case you go to the hospital. Keep this information in your wallet. Arrange to have someone care for your dependents if an emergency happens.


Question: What are the warning signs for a heart attack?

Answer: Common ones may include: Chest discomfort that feels like pressure, fullness, or a squeezing pain that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. Pain and discomfort that go beyond your chest to other parts of your upper body, like one or both arms, or your back, neck, stomach, teeth, and jaw Unexplained shortness of breath, with or without chest discomfort Other symptoms, such as: Cold sweats Nausea or vomiting Lightheadedness Anxiety, indigestion Unexplained fatigue Women are more likely than men to have additional issues, like neck, shoulder, upper back, or abdominal pain. If you or someone you're with has chest discomfort or other heart attack symptoms, call 911 right away.


Question: What should I do if  someone is having a heart attack and paramedics has not yet arrived?

Answer: Try to keep the person calm, and have them sit or lie down. If the person is not allergic to aspirin, have them chew and swallow a baby aspirin. ( It works faster when chewed and not swallowed whole.) If the person stops breathing, you or someone else who's qualified should perform CPR right away. If you don't know CPR, the 911 operator can help you until EMS personnel arrive.


Question: How can I tell if somebody is having a heart attack?

Answer: Not all heart attacks begin with the sudden, crushing chest pain that most of us have heard about. In fact, some cause no symptoms at all, especially those that happen to people with diabetes. They may begin slowly, with mild pain and discomfort. They can happen while you're at rest or active. How severe they are can depend on your age, gender, and medical conditions.


Question: Why does quick action matter with a heart attack?

Answer: Immediate treatment lessens heart damage and saves lives. The longer you wait for treatment, the more chances of survival go down and damage to the heart goes up. About half of those who die from heart attacks do so within the first hour after symptoms begin.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to mental health troubles?

Answer: Hep C can take a toll on your mental health as well. You may have trouble remembering things or a hard time paying attention. You could also feel very tired and worn out.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to skin problems?

Answer: Hep C-related skin conditions can cause bumps, blisters, hair loss, itching, and patches that look light or dark. One common one is vitiligo, a condition that causes loss of color on the face, elbows, knees, and wrists.


Question: How can treatment for hepatitis C help?

Answer: That can help you reverse or prevent health problems and keep you from spreading the virus to other people. The infection hurts your liver the most. The virus makes it swell.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to high blood sugar?

Answer: Your pancreas will pump out more insulin, a hormone that helps move sugar into your cells. That means too much sugar will stay in your blood. Over time, your body could stop responding to the effects of insulin. Both can lead to type 2 diabetes. Can you die from hepatitis?


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to blood and vessel problems?

Answer: Without treatment of a chronic infection, about 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure People with hepatitis C often get a condition called cryoglobulinemia. This happens when certain proteins in your blood stick together in cold weather. They can build up in vessels and block blood flow, which causes swelling and damage. The condition can affect your skin, organs, nerves, and joints. Hepatitis C also can cause problems with blood itself. If you don't treat hep C, it can lead to fatal conditions like liver failure and liver cancer.


Question: How does treatment help with hepatitis C if you've had it for a while?

Answer: When you see your doctor and start treatment for a chronic hep C infection, you can prevent these problems, improve them, or keep them from getting worse. New drugs can clear the virus from your body in a few months with fewer side effects than older medicines. If there's no virus in your blood 3 months after treatment, you're considered cured. Getting rid of the infection protects others, too. People who get hep C treatment greatly lower the odds that they will pass the virus to someone else.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C affect your blood?

Answer: Hepatitis C also can cause problems with blood itself. You may not make enough white blood cells, which fight infections, or platelets, which help your blood clot. The infection can also make you bruise easily or get red or purple spots under your skin. Those are signs of a bleeding disorder called immune thrombocytopenic purpura. If you don't treat hep C, it can lead to fatal conditions like liver failure and liver cancer.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to nerve problems?

Answer: Both can lead to type 2 diabetes. Another condition, called paresthesia, is a feeling of tingling or numbness in your skin.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to joint and muscle pain?

Answer: If you don't treat hep C, it can lead to fatal conditions like liver failure and liver cancer. A condition called arthralgia causes joint pain and is common in people with hepatitis C. It's different from arthritis, which causes pain and swelling in joints. But infected people can also get hepatitis C-related arthritis. Fibromyalgia, which causes body aches and muscle pain, is also common in people with hepatitis C. People with hepatitis C are about 40% more likely to get long-term kidney disease than those who are not infected.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C affect you?

Answer: The virus makes it swell. Without treatment of a chronic infection, about 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure People with hepatitis C often get a condition called cryoglobulinemia. If you don't treat hep C, it can lead to fatal conditions like liver failure and liver cancer. Hepatitis C can make it hard for your body's cells to take in sugar from the food you eat. A condition called arthralgia causes joint pain and is common in people with hepatitis C. It's different from arthritis, which causes pain and swelling in joints. It mostly affects your feet and legs. The hep C infection activates your immune system so it can fight the virus. People who get hep C treatment greatly lower the odds that they will pass the virus to someone else. From there, it depends on what type of cirrhosis you have, your treatment, and if you can get a liver transplant.


Question: How can you exercise safely if you have heart disease?

Answer: Ask about things like pushups and situps. These involve straining muscles against other muscles or a heavy object. You may need to avoid them. Make sure that lifting and pushing heavy objects, and chores like raking, shoveling, mowing, and scrubbing, aren't off-limits. Chores around the house can drain some people. Do only what you can do without getting tired. Some drugs can greatly affect how your body handles exercise. Your doctor can let you know if you need to change your exercise plans because of what you're taking.


Question: When should you stop exercising if you have heart problems?

Answer: Stop activity if you get a rapid or irregular heartbeat or have heart palpitations. If it's still more than 100 beats per minute, call the doctor. Don't ignore it. Stop and rest if you: Feel weak Are dizzy or light-headed Have unexplained weight gain or swelling -- call the doctor right away Feel pressure or pain in your chest, neck, arm, jaw, or shoulder Are concerned for any reason Call the doctor if those feelings don't go away.


Question: Who is at risk of getting a detached retina?

Answer: You're more likely to get one if you: Are severely nearsighted Have had an eye injury or cataract surgery Have a family history of retinal detachment A detached retina doesn't hurt.


Question: What are the symptoms of a detached retina?

Answer: You're more likely to get one if you: Are severely nearsighted Have had an eye injury or cataract surgery Have a family history of retinal detachment A detached retina doesn't hurt. It can happen with no warning at all. But you might notice: Flashes of light Seeing lots of new "floaters" (small flecks or threads) Darkening of your peripheral (side) vision If you have any of those symptoms, contact your eye doctor immediately.


Question: How is a detached retina treated using laser (thermal) or freezing (cryopexy)?

Answer: Your doctor has several options: Laser (thermal) or freezing (cryopexy). Both methods can repair a tear if it is diagnosed early enough. The procedures are often done in the doctor's office.


Question: How is a detached retina treated using a scleral buckle?

Answer: In this surgical procedure, the doctor sews a silicone band (buckle) around the white of your eye (she'll call it the sclera). This pushes it toward the tear until it heals. This band is invisible and is permanently attached. Laser or cryo treatment can seal the tear.


Question: How can you protect your eyes from a detached retina?

Answer: Wear eye protection if you need it. Try sports goggles with polycarbonate lenses if you play racquetball or other sports that could harm your eyes. You may also need special glasses if you work with machines, chemicals, or tools for your job or at home.


Question: Can you prevent a detached retina?

Answer: Sometimes. Get to your eye doctor immediately if you develop new floaters, see flashing lights, or notice any other changes in your vision. Early is always better than late when it comes to treating retinal tears, detachments, and other serious issues. An eye exam can also flag early changes in your eyes that you may not have noticed. Treating those could prevent problems down the road.


Question: What should I do to prevent a retinal tear if I have diabetes or high blood pressure?

Answer: If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, keep those conditions under control. That will help keep the blood vessels in your retina healthy.


Question: Will an eye exam help prevent a detached retina?

Answer: An eye exam can also flag early changes in your eyes that you may not have noticed. Treating those could prevent problems down the road.


Question: Does eye protection help prevent a retinal tear?

Answer: Try sports goggles with polycarbonate lenses if you play racquetball or other sports that could harm your eyes. You may also need special glasses if you work with machines, chemicals, or tools for your job or at home.


Question: Can I prevent a detached retina?

Answer: Get to your eye doctor immediately if you develop new floaters, see flashing lights, or notice any other changes in your vision. Early is always better than late when it comes to treating retinal tears, detachments, and other serious issues.


Question: How is a retinal tear diagnosed?

Answer: The doctor will give you eye drops that widen your pupil (she'll call this dilating your eyes).


Question: What kind of surgery repairs a retinal tear?

Answer: In this surgical procedure, the doctor sews a silicone band (buckle) around the white of your eye (she'll call it the sclera). This pushes it toward the tear until it heals. This band is invisible and is permanently attached. Laser or cryo treatment can seal the tear. Vitrectomy.


Question: What is a retinal tear?

Answer: If your retina gets torn, the fluid inside your eye can leak underneath and separate the retina from its underlying tissue.


Question: What is a detached retina?

Answer: This serious eye condition happens when your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light -- pulls away from the tissue around it. If your retina gets torn, the fluid inside your eye can leak underneath and separate the retina from its underlying tissue.


Question: What are partial (focal) seizures?

Answer: This type begins in a specific area of the brain. They may spread to the entire brain. There are two types: If you have a focal onset aware seizure, you remain conscious. The seizure is very brief (usually less than 2 minutes). You may or may not be able to respond to people while it's happening. Focal onset impaired awareness seizures can cause unconsciousness. You may also do things without knowing it, like lip smacking, chewing, moving your legs, or thrusting your pelvis.


Question: What causes seizures?

Answer: Or, in some severe cases, it may cause unconsciousness and convulsions, when your body shakes uncontrollably. Children get them more often than adults.


Question: How do seizures happen?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Seizures usually come on suddenly. How long and severe they are can vary. A seizure can happen to you just once, or over and over. If they keep coming back, that's epilepsy, or a seizure disorder. Less than one in 10 people who have a seizure get epilepsy. This type begins in a specific area of the brain. You may or may not be able to respond to people while it's happening. Focal onset impaired awareness seizures can cause unconsciousness.


Question: What should I do if I feel dizzy?

Answer: If you feel dizzy, sit or lie down at once. This will lower your chance of falling down. If you have vertigo, it may help to lie down in a dark, quiet place with your eyes closed.


Question: What can I feel during a spell of dizziness?

Answer: During a spell of dizziness, you may feel as though you're spinning or moving when you're not (that's called vertigo). You may also feel: Lightheaded or faint Unsteady on your feet Woozy, as though your head is heavy or floating Learn more about what to do when you're in the middle of a dizzy spell, when to call a doctor, and what might cause it.


Question: What are other causes of dizziness?

Answer: Some other causes of dizziness include: Medicines, such as antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs, tranquilizers and sedatives. If you take medication for high blood pressure, it might lower your blood pressure too much, leaving you feeling faint. Anxiety disorders. These include panic attacks. Low iron levels in your blood. This is also called anemia. Other signs that you are anemic include fatigue, pale skin and weakness. Low blood sugar. This is also called hypoglycemia. This may be a problem if you are diabetic and use insulin. Other symptoms include sweating and anxiety.


Question: Can drinking water help my dizziness?

Answer: Drinking water may also give you fast relief, especially if you're dizzy because you're dehydrated.


Question: If I feel dizzy, what can I do to keep myself safe?

Answer: If you've had a series of dizzy spells, there are things you can do to make yourself safer. Here are some of them: Remove tripping hazards in your home, such as rugs on the floor, so that you're less likely to fall. Avoid alcohol, caffeine and tobacco, which can make symptoms worse. Drink enough fluids and get plenty of sleep. Be aware of things that trigger your dizziness, such as lights, noise, and fast movement, and try to be around them less or move more slowly.


Question: What should I do if I feel dizzy and have other symptoms?

Answer: You should seek help at once if you're dizzy and also have: Chest pain or shortness of breath Severe headache Sudden change in your vision or hearing, or trouble speaking Numbness or weakness A head injury High fever Stiffness in your neck Keeping you upright and balanced is not an easy job for the brain.


Question: Is feeling dizzy a serious problem?

Answer: Dizziness is a common problem and usually isn't serious.


Question: Can surgery be used to treat heart failure?

Answer: In heart failure, surgery may sometimes prevent further damage to the heart and improve the heart's function.


Question: How can scheduling regular doctor appointments prevent heart failure from worsening?

Answer: During follow-up visits, your doctors will make sure you are staying healthy and that your heart failure is not getting worse. Your doctor will ask to review your weight record and list of medications. If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your appointment. Call your doctor if you have urgent questions. Notify all your doctors about your heart failure, medications, and any restrictions. Also, check with your heart doctor about any new medications prescribed by another doctor. Keep good records and bring them with you to each doctor visit.


Question: How are B-type Natriuretic Peptide blood tests used to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: BNP is a substance secreted from the heart in response to changes in blood pressure that occur when heart failure develops or worsens. BNP blood levels increase when heart failure symptoms worsen, and decrease when the heart failure condition is stable. The BNP level in a person with heart failure -- even someone whose condition is stable -- may be higher than in a person with normal heart function. BNP levels do not necessarily correlate with the severity of heart failure.


Question: How can you improve your quality of life if you have heart failure?

Answer: There are several things you can do to improve your quality of life if you have heart failure. Among them: Eat a healthy diet. Limit your consumption of sodium (salt) to less than 2,000 milligrams (2 grams) each day. Eat foods high in fiber. Limit foods high in trans fat, cholesterol, and sugar. Reduce total daily intake of calories to lose weight if necessary. Exercise regularly. A regular cardiovascular exercise program, prescribed by your doctor, will help improve your strength and make you feel better. It may also decrease heart failure progression. Don't overdo it. Plan your activities and include rest periods during the day. Certain activities, such as pushing or pulling heavy objects and shoveling may worsen heart failure and its symptoms. Prevent respiratory infections. Ask your doctor about flu and pneumonia vaccines. Take your medications as prescribed. Do not stop taking them without first contacting your doctor. Get emotional or psychological support if needed. Heart failure can be difficult for your whole family. If you have questions, ask your doctor or nurse. If you need emotional support, social workers, psychologists, clergy, and heart failure support groups are a phone call away. Ask your doctor or nurse to point you in the right direction.


Question: How is cardiac catheterization used to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: This invasive procedure helps determine whether coronary artery disease is a cause of congestive heart failure.


Question: How can limiting salt intake prevent heart failure from worsening?

Answer: Sodium is found naturally in many foods we eat. It is also added for flavoring or to make food last longer. If you follow a low-sodium diet, you should have less fluid retention, less swelling, and breathe easier.


Question: How does cardiomyopathy cause heart failure?

Answer: Damage to the heart muscle from causes other than artery or blood flow problems, such as from infections or alcohol or drug abuse.


Question: Is there a treatment for heart failure?

Answer: There are more treatment options available for heart failure than ever before. Tight control over your medications and lifestyle, coupled with careful monitoring, are the first steps. As the condition progresses, doctors specializing in the treatment of heart failure can offer more advanced treatment options.


Question: How many people are affected by heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. Roughly 670,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than age 65. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && !


Question: How can monitoring your weight prevent heart failure from worsening?

Answer: Dry weight is your weight without extra water (fluid). Your goal is to keep your weight within 4 pounds of your dry weight. Weigh yourself at the same time each day, preferably in the morning, in similar clothing, after urinating but before eating, and on the same scale. Record your weight in a diary or calendar. If you gain three pounds in one day or five pounds in one week, call your doctor. Your doctor may want to adjust your medications.


Question: How is an implantable left ventricular assist device used to treat heart failure?

Answer: The LVAD is known as the "bridge to transplantation" for patients who haven't responded to other treatments and are hospitalized with severe systolic heart failure. This device helps your heart pump blood throughout your body. It allows you to be mobile, sometimes returning home to await a heart transplant. It may also be used as destination therapy for long-term support in patients who are not eligible for transplant.


Question: How is an echocardiogram used in heart failure?

Answer: A calculation done during an echocardiogram, called the ejection fraction ( EF), is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to help determine if systolic or diastolic dysfunction is present.


Question: How is an ejection fraction used to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: Ejection fraction ( EF) is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to determine if systolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved left ventricular function is present.


Question: How are chest X-rays used to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: A chest X-ray shows the size of your heart and whether there is fluid build-up around the heart and lungs.


Question: What is heart failure?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart works less efficiently than normal. Due to various possible causes, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart may respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming stiff and thickened. This helps to keep the blood moving, but the heart muscle walls may eventually weaken and become unable to pump as efficiently. As a result, the kidneys may respond by causing the body to retain fluid (water) and salt. If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition.


Question: What medications should you avoid if you have heart failure?

Answer: Some antiarrhythmic agents Most calcium channel blockers (if you have systolic heart failure) Some nutritional supplements, such as salt substitutes, and growth hormone therapies Antacids that contain sodium (salt) Decongestants such as Sudafed If you are taking any of these drugs, discuss them with your doctor.


Question: How does coronary heart disease cause heart failure?

Answer: Coronary artery disease ( CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. If the arteries become blocked or severely narrowed, the heart becomes starved for oxygen and nutrients.


Question: How do conditions that overwork the heart cause heart failure?

Answer: Conditions including high blood pressure, valve disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth can all cause heart failure. In addition, heart failure can occur when several diseases or conditions are present at once.


Question: When does diastolic dysfunction happen in heart failure?

Answer: Diastolic dysfunction (or diastolic heart failure) occurs when the heart contracts normally, but the ventricles do not relax properly or are stiff, and less blood enters the heart during normal filling.


Question: How can monitoring your symptoms prevent heart failure from worsening?

Answer: Do not wait for your symptoms to become so severe that you need to seek emergency treatment. Call your doctor if you have urgent questions.


Question: What are the goals of treating heart failure?

Answer: Your doctor may ask you to keep a record of the amount of fluids you drink or eat and how often you go to the bathroom. Medications are used to improve your heart's ability to pump blood, decrease stress on your heart, decrease the progression of heart failure, and prevent fluid retention.


Question: How does a heart attack cause heart failure?

Answer: Coronary artery disease ( CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack damages the heart muscle, resulting in a scarred area that does not function properly.


Question: What will your doctor ask about if you think you have heart failure?

Answer: Conditions including high blood pressure, valve disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth can all cause heart failure. Do not drink alcohol. If you have questions, ask your doctor or nurse.


Question: What are symptoms of heart failure?

Answer: If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition. The symptoms can include: Congested lungs. Fluid backup in the lungs can cause shortness of breath with exercise or difficulty breathing at rest or when lying flat in bed. Lung congestion can also cause a dry, hacking cough or wheezing. Fluid and water retention. Less blood to your kidneys causes fluid and water retention, resulting in swollen ankles, legs, abdomen (called edema), and weight gain. Symptoms may cause an increased need to urinate during the night. Bloating in your stomach may cause a loss of appetite or nausea. Dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. Less blood to your major organs and muscles makes you feel tired and weak. Less blood to the brain can cause dizziness or confusion. Rapid or irregular heartbeats. The heart beats faster to pump enough blood to the body. This can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat. If you have heart failure, you may have one or all of these symptoms or you may have none of them. They may or may not indicate a weakened heart.


Question: What are the treatments for Kawasaki disease?

Answer: Kawasaki disease is an illness that almost always affects kids, most of them under the age of 5. Your child may have a lot of pain from the fever, swelling, and skin irritation. His doctor might prescribe medication to relieve these, including aspirin and others that prevent blood clots. You shouldn't give your child any medication without talking to your doctor first. He'll probably also get an IV of immune globulin. It will lessen his chance of heart issues when used early in his treatment. Because of the risk of complications, most children are initially treated for Kawasaki disease in the hospital.


Question: What conditions are more likely associated with Kawasaki disease?

Answer: Kawasaki disease is an illness that almost always affects kids, most of them under the age of 5. Because it involves the heart, this illness can be scary. But most children recover completely and have no lasting problems. However, in rare cases, children can have: Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmia) Inflamed heart muscles (myocarditis) Damaged heart valves (mitral regurgitation) Inflamed blood vessels (vasculitis) These can lead to further troubles, including weak or bulging artery walls.


Question: What type of medication will my doctor suggest for my hepatitis C?

Answer: Your doctor might call these new drugs direct-acting antivirals. They zoom in on the virus that's making you sick. Each drug works in a slightly different way. But in general, the medicine interferes with proteins that help the virus grow or spread.


Question: Can vosevi (Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir and Voxilaprevir) treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir ( Vosevi): This can also treat all types of hep C with one tablet that you take each day.


Question: Can elbasvir and grazoprevir (Zepatier) be used to treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Elbasvir and grazoprevir ( Zepatier): This once-a-day pill treats HCV types 1 and 4. It may also offer new hope for people with hep C who also have cirrhosis, HIV, late-stage kidney disease, and other hard-to-treat conditions. Like the other antivirals, the side effects are mild. You might have a slight headache or bellyache, or you might feel tired.


Question: Do all hepatitis C medications work the same?

Answer: There's no one-size-fits-all option. There are many different types, or "genotypes," of hepatitis C. Type 1 is the most common. This is important to understand when you talk to your doctor. Not all meds work on all types. Which medicine is best for you also depends on how much liver scarring (cirrhosis) you have.


Question: How soon does my hepatitis C medication remove all traces of the virus from my blood?

Answer: Most of the time, these meds remove all traces of the virus from your blood within 12 weeks. This is called sustained virologic response ( SVR), and it's what doctors look for to tell if you're cured. How long you'll need treatment can vary. It may range from 8 to 24 weeks.


Question: Is ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (Harvoni) used to treat hepatitis C?

Answer: Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir ( Harvoni): This once-a-day pill launched a revolution in hep C treatment. It was the first interferon-free med for people with type 1. A year later, the FDA also gave the thumbs up for people with HCV types 4, 5, and 6 to use it. Side effects are mild. You might feel tired or have a slight headache. Some people have a bellyache, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping.


Question: How can daclatasvir (Daklinza) treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: Daclatasvir ( Daklinza): Approval of this drug meant no more shots for the 1 in 10 people infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV) types 1 and 3. You take this pill once a day with sofosbuvir ( Sovaldi). You might get a headache or feel a little tired. Tell your doctor if you feel super-sluggish.


Question: Can ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir (Technivie) treat my hepatitis C?

Answer: The FDA warns it can sometimes seriously slow your heart rate, which may require you to get a pacemaker. Side effects include feeling itchy, weak, tired, or having trouble sleeping. This medicine might cause severe liver damage in people with advanced cirrhosis. Typically, your doctor will only prescribe this if you don't have cirrhosis and after other treatments have not worked.


Question: What are the future goals for treating hepatitis C?

Answer: But in general, the medicine interferes with proteins that help the virus grow or spread. Researchers may continue to come up with new treatments, and some of the combinations of medications below may change as they make new discoveries.


Question: How has hepatitis C transformed over the years?

Answer: These drugs didn't target the virus that made you sick. Instead, they amped up your immune system so you'd fight it the way you do when you get the flu. But the treatment didn't always get the virus out of your body. Cure rates hovered around 50%. And people who stuck with the yearlong treatment -- not all did -- had to live with chemo-like side effects. These days, more and more people can get rid of the virus by simply taking a pill, at home, for just a few weeks. This is called sustained virologic response ( SVR), and it's what doctors look for to tell if you're cured. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir ( Harvoni): This once-a-day pill launched a revolution in hep C treatment. The most common side effects are headache, tiredness, diarrhea, and nausea.


Question: What is hepatitis C?

Answer: 1 cause of liver cancer and liver transplants. It's brought on by a virus you can catch if you come into contact with contaminated blood. You could get it from an unclean tattoo needle, for example. Sometimes, it spreads during sex. There are many different types, or "genotypes," of hepatitis C. Type 1 is the most common.


Question: Can hepatitis C be cured?

Answer: But curing it hasn't always been easy or comfortable. There are certain drugs that shouldn't be taken with it, as the combination can slow your heartbeat.


Question: How can you control the swelling of a broken finger?

Answer: Cool the finger by applying ice that is wrapped in a towel -- don't apply ice directly to the skin; it can cause a burn.


Question: How can you immobilize a broken finger?

Answer: Tape the broken finger to an adjacent non-broken finger.


Question: How can I start to exercise if I have pain?

Answer: Conditions: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, back pain, migraine, nerve pain, undiagnosed Symptoms: Stiffness, joint pain, muscle pain, lower back pain, upper back pain, tenderness, weight gain, weakness, pain, pain when standing, pain with movement, aching, back pain, joint pain, joint tenderness, pain at night, pain worse in A. M., all over pain, spine pain, painful periods, tender points Triggers: Treatments: Categories: Exercise 21 If you're new to exercise, start by asking your doctor what activity level is right for you. For example, if you have acute back pain you may have to avoid exercise until your back has healed. Also, ask what types of exercise suit your condition. Water aerobics is often ideal for people with arthritis because it supports joints. Remember, exercise shouldn't hurt. If you notice an increase in pain, stop and tell your doctor. There may be other types of exercise that you can do.


Question: How can I avoid sun damage?

Answer: To avoid sun damage: Stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun's burning rays are the strongest. Protect your skin with clothing, a hat, and sunscreen if you go outside.


Question: When should I call a doctor about sun damage?

Answer: Skin cancer is often treatable when it's found early. Also, talk to your doctor about any medications that you take. Some antibiotics, antidepressants, and diabetes drugs can make skin more sensitive to sun. Some drugs that you put on your skin, such as Renova and Retin- A, can make your skin very sensitive and cause it to burn quickly. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening.


Question: What should I do if I get a sunburn?

Answer: Choose a sunscreen with the right SPF to avoid sunburn and skin damage. If you use these treatments, ask your doctor how to protect your skin from the sun. Immediately apply 90% aloe vera gel or the juice squeezed directly from the aloe plant. Every tropical culture uses aloe vera as a treatment for sunburn. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening. If you don't have aloe, apply a moisturizing lotion that doesn't contain alcohol.


Question: Can I get too much sun?

Answer: Years of getting too much sun can lead to early wrinkling and age spots, and makes you more likely to get skin cancer. It soothes damaged skin because it is anti-inflammatory and may prevent the burn from deepening.


Question: What are compression fractures?

Answer: Soft, weakened bones are at the heart of the problem. Compression fractures are usually caused by the bone-thinning condition osteoporosis, especially if you are a woman over age 50 who has been through menopause.


Question: How do you know if you have spinal compression fractures because of osteoporosis?

Answer: You can have osteoporosis and not even know it. In fact, about two-thirds of spinal compression fractures are never diagnosed because many people think the back pain is just a part of aging and arthritis. But if osteoporosis isn't treated, it can lead to more fractures. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain. Osteoporosis treatment won't guarantee that you'll never get another compression fracture, but it will significantly lower your odds.


Question: What increases your risk of getting spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Some people have a higher chance of getting the disease because of: Race: White and Asian women have the greatest risk. Age: The chances are higher for women over 50 and go up with age. Weight: Thin women are at higher risk. Early menopause: Women who went through it before age 50 have higher chances of getting osteoporosis. Smokers: People who smoke lose bone thickness faster than nonsmokers.


Question: How do compression fractures happen?

Answer: Soft, weakened bones are at the heart of the problem. Compression fractures are usually caused by the bone-thinning condition osteoporosis, especially if you are a woman over age 50 who has been through menopause. When bones are brittle, your vertebrae aren't strong enough to support your spine in everyday activities. When you bend to lift an object, miss a step, or slip on a carpet, you can put your spinal bones at risk of fracture. Even coughing or sneezing can cause compression fractures if you have severe osteoporosis.


Question: How do compression fractures affect the spine?

Answer: The strength and shape of the spine can change. You lose height because your spine is shorter. Most compression fractures happen in the front of the vertebra. When you get enough of them, the front part of the bone can collapse. The back of the vertebra is made of harder bone, so it stays intact. That creates a wedge-shaped vertebra, which can lead to the stooped posture you might know as a dowager's hump. Doctors call it kyphosis.


Question: What are the effects of spinal compression fractures?

Answer: The strength and shape of the spine can change. You lose height because your spine is shorter. Most compression fractures happen in the front of the vertebra.


Question: What factors can increase an individuals chance of getting a spinal compression fracture?

Answer: But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis. Some people have a higher chance of getting the disease because of: Race: White and Asian women have the greatest risk. Age: The chances are higher for women over 50 and go up with age. Weight: Thin women are at higher risk. Early menopause: Women who went through it before age 50 have higher chances of getting osteoporosis. Smokers: People who smoke lose bone thickness faster than nonsmokers.


Question: What happens if osteoporosis isn't treated?

Answer: But if osteoporosis isn't treated, it can lead to more fractures. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain. Osteoporosis treatment won't guarantee that you'll never get another compression fracture, but it will significantly lower your odds.


Question: Are people with cancer at risk for spinal compression fractures?

Answer: Two groups of people are at highest risk for spinal compression fractures: People with osteoporosis People with cancer that has spread to their bones If you have been diagnosed with certain kinds of cancer -- including multiple myeloma and lymphoma -- your doctor may monitor you for compression fractures. On the other hand, sometimes a spinal fracture may be the first sign that a person has cancer.


Question: Where do most compression fractures happen?

Answer: When you get enough of them, the front part of the bone can collapse. The back of the vertebra is made of harder bone, so it stays intact. That creates a wedge-shaped vertebra, which can lead to the stooped posture you might know as a dowager's hump. Doctors call it kyphosis. But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis.


Question: What are spinal compression fractures?

Answer: When these small hairline fractures add up, they can eventually cause a vertebra to collapse, which is called spinal compression fracture. But most spinal compression fractures happen because of osteoporosis. In fact, about two-thirds of spinal compression fractures are never diagnosed because many people think the back pain is just a part of aging and arthritis. It's important to see your doctor if you're in pain.


Question: What are liquid diets?

Answer: Like the name suggests, liquid diets mean you're getting all, or at least most, of your calories from drinks. Some liquid diets are limited to fruit or vegetable juices, or shakes, that replace all of your meals, taken three or four times a day. You do some of these diets on your own. Others need medical supervision. Other types of liquid diets replace just one or two meals (usually breakfast and lunch) with drinks, and then you eat a healthy dinner. You may also get snacks on some of these plans.


Question: How can I safely get on a liquid diet?

Answer: Pregnant or nursing women, and people who take insulin for diabetes, or anyone with a chronic illness shouldn't go on a liquid diet. If your doctor gives you the OK to go on a liquid diet, you should also see a registered dietitian, who can go over the diet with you and make sure you're getting enough calories and nutrition. Your dietitian might recommend that you take a vitamin or nutritional supplement while you're on the liquid diet. Before you choose a liquid diet plan, know what you're drinking. If you're considering one of the commercial diets, look at the daily values on the nutrition facts label. Be sure you're getting 100% of all the recommended vitamins and minerals. You may also want to pick a diet that is not too low in calories and contains plenty of protein and fiber to keep you feeling full while you lose the weight gradually. Liquid diets that include a solid meal or two per day, or that teach you healthier eating habits, will be more likely to help you keep the weight off in the long run.


Question: How safe are liquid diets?

Answer: Also, if you don't get enough fiber, because you're not eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables, you can get constipated. You also can lose muscle if you don't get enough protein calories in your diet. If your doctor gives you the OK to go on a liquid diet, you should also see a registered dietitian, who can go over the diet with you and make sure you're getting enough calories and nutrition. Be sure you're getting 100% of all the recommended vitamins and minerals.


Question: What is the role of physical therapy in treating tennis elbow?

Answer: One of the best ways to treat stubborn tennis elbow is with physical therapy. It can improve blood flow to the tendons, which will speed healing, too. A therapist may also teach you ways to change your tennis stroke or other activities that caused your elbow troubles. Keep the momentum going even if your therapy program is finished. Once your elbow is pain-free and your backhand is better than ever, you should keep your muscles strong and flexible. That's because everyday activities don't keep your muscles as strong and flexible as they should be to avoid sports injuries. Ask about how to do some of the exercises yourself at home.


Question: What is cervical disc disease and how does it cause neck pain?

Answer: Sometimes simple home interventions are enough to treat cervical disc disease, in which an abnormality in one or more discs that lie between the vertebrae cause neck pain.


Question: What is cervical traction?

Answer: Traction gently extends the neck, opening the spaces between the cervical vertebrae and temporarily alleviating pressure on the affected discs.


Question: How can physical therapy help neck pain?

Answer: In the majority of people, certain exercises and manipulations used by these health care providers can help relieve discomfort and restore movement. Treatments such as cold or heat application, deep tissue massage, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound may be used prior to exercise.


Question: Why is thickened blood from polycythemia vera bad?

Answer: When your blood slows down, none of your body parts -- from your eyes to your toes -- get enough oxygen. This brings about the early symptoms of PV, including dizziness, itchiness, and headaches. Thicker blood is also more likely to form a clot -- a clump of blood that stops up a vein or artery. Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke.


Question: What is polycythemia vera?

Answer: Polycythemia vera ( PV) is a rare blood cancer that causes your body to make too many red blood cells. Extra cells may not sound like a problem, but they are. They thicken your blood, which means it doesn't flow as quickly, so it's more like maple syrup than water.


Question: Is there a cure for polycythemia vera?

Answer: There's no cure for PV, but there are treatments. Most people with PV live a normal life when they get the care they need.


Question: What problems can you get from polycythemia vera?

Answer: When your blood slows down, none of your body parts -- from your eyes to your toes -- get enough oxygen. This brings about the early symptoms of PV, including dizziness, itchiness, and headaches. Thicker blood is also more likely to form a clot -- a clump of blood that stops up a vein or artery. Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke.


Question: What are the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Answer: Because PV grows slowly, you might have it for years without knowing it. When you do see symptoms, they may not seem all that unusual. In fact, they're the same as with many other illnesses: Dizziness Headache Itchiness, often after a warm bath or shower More sweating than normal, sometimes at night Shortness of breath or trouble breathing when you lie down Tiredness Weakness Brief vision problems, like seeing flashes You may also have: Bloating or a feeling of fullness on the upper left side of your belly Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or more menstrual bleeding than normal Numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands and feet Problems with your vision, like seeing double or things seeming blurry Reddened face Swelling and pain in one joint, usually your big toe PV can lead to other issues.


Question: What is the outlook for polycythemia vera?

Answer: PV is a slow-growing cancer. You can go years without seeing symptoms. Your doctor can check for PV with a basic blood test, but most people with PV find out because they had the test for some other reason. There's no cure for PV, but there are treatments. Most people with PV live a normal life when they get the care they need.


Question: What are other symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Answer: In fact, they're the same as with many other illnesses: Dizziness Headache Itchiness, often after a warm bath or shower More sweating than normal, sometimes at night Shortness of breath or trouble breathing when you lie down Tiredness Weakness Brief vision problems, like seeing flashes You may also have: Bloating or a feeling of fullness on the upper left side of your belly Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or more menstrual bleeding than normal Numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands and feet Problems with your vision, like seeing double or things seeming blurry Reddened face Swelling and pain in one joint, usually your big toe PV can lead to other issues.


Question: Is there a genetic cause of polycythemia vera?

Answer: While the cause isn't clear, most people with PV have a problem in a gene called JAK2. Your bone marrow -- the spongy center part of your bone -- creates your blood cells. Normally, it makes just the right amount. But if your JAK2 gene doesn't work right, your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Even though the problem is in a gene, you don't get PV from your parents. The gene changes at some point after you're born, but doctors don't know why.


Question: Can polycythemia vera cause other health problems?

Answer: But your doctor will work to avoid those problems. Blood clots are the most serious concern because they can cause a stroke, heart attack, or other life-threatening problems, such as a DVT (a blood clot in your legs) or a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to your lungs). Clots can also make your spleen and liver larger than normal, giving you sharp pains in your belly. It's rare, but some people with PV get leukemia or another bone marrow illness called myelofibrosis.


Question: Does polycythemia vera lead to other health problems?

Answer: Blood clots can lead to life-threatening problems such as a heart attack or stroke. But your doctor will work to avoid those problems. Blood clots are the most serious concern because they can cause a stroke, heart attack, or other life-threatening problems, such as a DVT (a blood clot in your legs) or a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to your lungs). Clots can also make your spleen and liver larger than normal, giving you sharp pains in your belly. It's rare, but some people with PV get leukemia or another bone marrow illness called myelofibrosis.


Question: What causes polycythemia vera?

Answer: It's not linked to anything you do, the way smoking makes you more likely to get lung cancer. Anyone can get PV, but it's usually seen in people over 60. Men are a little more likely than women to get it. The gene changes at some point after you're born, but doctors don't know why.


Question: What should I do if I have diabetes and go over my carbohydrate budget for the day?

Answer: Account for any food swaps in your carbohydrate budget for the day. Adjust your medications if you add sugars to your meals. If you take insulin, tweak your dose to account for the added carbs so you can keep your blood sugar under control as much as possible. Check your glucose after eating sugary foods. Read food labels so you know how much sugar or carbs are in the things you eat and drink. Also, check how many calories and how much fat are in each serving.


Question: How much can you eat to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day.


Question: Can I have artificial sweeteners if I have diabetes?

Answer: Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control.


Question: Which sweeteners can raise glucose levels in people with diabetes and which won't?

Answer: Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories.


Question: What does the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet for diabetes consist of?

Answer: On the TLC diet, you will: Limit fat to 25%-35% of your total daily calories. Get no more than 7% of your daily calories from saturated fat, 10% or less from polyunsaturated fats, and up to 20% from monounsaturated fats (like plant oils or nuts). Keep carbs to 50%-60% of your daily calories. Aim for 20-30 grams of fiber each day. Allow 15%-20% of your daily calories for protein. Cap cholesterol at 200 milligrams per day. You'll also need to get more exercise and keep up with your medical treatment.


Question: How much should I eat if I have diabetes?

Answer: Check the serving sizes on nutrition labels. Servings may be smaller than you think. Eat only the amount of food in your diabetes meal plan. Extra calories lead to extra fat and pounds. Don't skip meals, though. Eat them, and snacks, at regular times every day.


Question: How can other sweeteners help to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Other Sweeteners You can add artificial ones to your food and drinks. Many have carbs, though, so check the label carefully. If necessary, adjust the other foods in your meal or your medication to keep your blood sugar under control. Certain sweeteners called sugar alcohols have some calories and can slightly raise your glucose levels. If you eat too much of them, you can get gas and diarrhea. Examples include: Xylitol Mannitol Sorbitol You can also use stevia to make things sweet. It's a natural product with no calories.


Question: Can certain foods help with managing blood sugar?

Answer: The Basics of a Healthy Diabetes Diet If you have diabetes, the right foods can be an ally in your fight to keep your blood sugar levels in check. Talk to your doctor, a registered dietitian, or a diabetes educator about how to keep track of how many carbs you eat. That can affect your blood sugar. They may recommend that you use the glycemic index. It ranks how different foods raise your blood sugar. The higher the index, the more it raises your levels.


Question: What is the goal of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes plan for diabetes?

Answer: The goal is to lower your cholesterol level, drop extra weight, and get more active. That helps prevent heart disease, which is more common when you have diabetes.


Question: Can you have sugar to maintain a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: Most now say small amounts of the sweet stuff are fine, as long as they're part of an overall healthy meal plan. Table sugar doesn't raise your blood sugar any more than starches. Remember, though, that sugar is a carb. So when you eat sweet foods like cookies, cake, or candy, don't eat another carb or starch (for example, potatoes) that you would've eaten that day. In other words, substitute, don't add. Ultimately, the total grams matter more than the source of the sugar.


Question: What are some tips for a healthy diabetes diet?

Answer: That's an easy way to be sure you eat plenty of fruits, veggies, whole grains, beans, nuts, and lean protein. Watch your calories. Your age, gender, and activity level affect how many you need to eat to gain, lose, or maintain your weight. Go for fiber. You can get it from foods like whole grains, fruits, veggies, beans, and nuts. If you have type 2 diabetes, a high-fiber diet can improve your blood sugar and cholesterol levels. It's always best to get fiber from food, but supplements can also help you get the daily fiber you need. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose. Increase your fiber slowly. Otherwise, you may have gas and cramping. It's also important to drink more liquids. The Basics of a Healthy Diabetes Diet Can You Have Sugar?


Question: What are other possible causes of strokes relative to carotid artery disease?

Answer: A stroke can occur if: The artery becomes extremely narrowed There's a rupture in an artery to the brain that has atherosclerosis A piece of plaque breaks off and travels to the smaller arteries of the brain A blood clot forms and obstructs a blood vessel Strokes can occur as a result of other conditions besides carotid artery disease. For example, sudden bleeding in the brain, called intracerebral hemorrhage, can cause a stroke. Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease.


Question: How is computerized tomography angiography (CTA) used to diagnose carotid artery disease?

Answer: More detailed than an X-ray, a CT uses X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images of the carotid arteries. Images of the brain can be collected as well. With this imaging test, the scan may reveal areas of damage on the brain. The CT scan uses a low level of radiation.


Question: How is a carotid ultrasound used to diagnose carotid artery disease?

Answer: This noninvasive, painless screening test uses high-frequency sound waves to view the carotid arteries. It looks for plaques and blood clots and determines whether the arteries are narrowed or blocked. A Doppler ultrasound shows the movement of blood through the blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging does not use X-rays.


Question: Whatâs the treatment for carotid artery disease?

Answer: To effectively treat carotid artery disease, doctors recommend the following: Following recommended lifestyle habits. Taking medications as prescribed. Considering a procedure to improve blood flow, if your doctor believes it could help reduce your risk of future stroke.


Question: How is carotid artery stenting (CAS) used to treat carotid artery disease?

Answer: Carotid artery stenting ( CAS) is a newer treatment option. It's less invasive than carotid endarterectomy and is performed in a catheterization laboratory. With CAS, a small puncture is made in the groin. A specially designed catheter is threaded to the area of narrowing in the carotid artery. Once in place, a small balloon tip is inflated for a few seconds to open the artery. Then, a stent is placed in the artery and expanded to hold the artery open. A stent is a small tube that acts as a scaffold to provide support inside your artery. The stent is usually made of metal and is permanent. It can also be made of a material that the body absorbs over time. Some stents have medicine that helps keep the artery from getting blocked again. CAS is a newer procedure, and there is still some controversy as to how well it prevents strokes caused by carotid artery disease. Research suggests that the standard CEA may be safer than CAS, which may raise the risk of stroke or death post procedure.


Question: What are some recommended lifestyle changes for people with carotid artery disease?

Answer: To keep carotid artery disease from progressing, the following lifestyle changes are recommended: Quit smoking. Control high blood pressure. Control diabetes. Have regular checkups with your doctor. Have your doctor check your cholesterol and get treatment, if necessary. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise at least 30 minutes most days of the week. Limit alcohol to 1 drink per day for women, 2 for men.


Question: What are the risk factors for carotid artery disease?

Answer: Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. They include: Age Smoking Hypertension (high blood pressure) -- the most important treatable risk factor for stroke Abnormal lipids or high cholesterol Insulin resistance Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Family history of atherosclerosis, either coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease Men younger than age 75 have a greater risk than women in the same age group. Women have a greater risk than men older than age 75. People who have coronary artery disease have an increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries.


Question: How is a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) used to treat carotid artery disease?

Answer: This has been the commonly performed procedure for patients who have carotid atherosclerosis and TIAs or mild strokes. While you're under general anesthesia, an incision is made in the neck at the location of the blockage. The surgeon isolates the artery and surgically removes the plaque and diseased portions of the artery. Then, the artery is sewn back together to allow improved blood flow to the brain. The risks and benefits of CEA depend on your age, the degree of blockage, and whether you've had a stroke or TIA.


Question: What is carotid artery disease?

Answer: The term refers to the narrowing of the carotid arteries. This narrowing is usually caused by the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol deposits, called plaque. Carotid artery occlusion refers to complete blockage of the artery. When the carotid arteries are obstructed, you are at an increased risk for a stroke, the 5th leading cause of death in the U. S. The carotid arteries are two large blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the large, front part of the brain. Your doctor may also use a test to diagnose carotid artery disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of carotid artery disease?

Answer: Signs of a stroke may include: Sudden loss of vision, blurred vision, or difficulty in seeing out of one or both eyes Weakness, tingling, or numbness on one side of the face, one side of the body, or in one arm or leg Sudden difficulty in walking, loss of balance, lack of coordination Sudden dizziness and/or confusion Difficulty speaking (called aphasia) Confusion Sudden severe headache Problems with memory Difficulty swallowing (called dysphagia) A TIA occurs when there is low blood flow or a clot briefly blocks an artery that supplies blood to the brain. With a TIA, you may have the same symptoms as you would have for a stroke. There are often no symptoms of carotid artery disease until you have a TIA or stroke.


Question: Which drugs can reduce the risk of stroke?

Answer: Your doctor may also use a test to diagnose carotid artery disease. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. In some cases, warfarin ( Coumadin), a blood thinner, may be prescribed.


Question: Which supplements might someone with Crohn's disease need to take?

Answer: You may need to boost your diet with vitamins, minerals, and other supplements. Talk to your doctor before you try any. Most likely, they'll suggest a daily multivitamin and other supplements to help replace: B vitamins: Crohn's can make you low in B12. And some Crohn's drugs make it hard for your body to take in folate, a type of B vitamin. Vitamin D: You may not get enough of this vitamin, which helps you absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. Sunlight is one way you get it. So if you don't go outside often, live in the far northern parts of the U. S., or if you take corticosteroids for a long time, you probably don't get enough. Iron: Inflamed tissue in your intestines can cause bleeding, which can lower your levels. Potassium: Diarrhea and some corticosteroid drugs can zap your stores of this mineral. Magnesium: Chronic diarrhea, Crohn's in your small intestine, or having much of your intestine removed, can make it hard to get enough magnesium. Calcium: If you can't eat dairy, or if your body doesn't absorb it well, you may not have enough. If you take corticosteroids for a long time, that can also cause bone loss. In some cases, your doctor may suggest you get nutrients through a feeding tube (âenteralâ nutrition) or injected into a vein (âparenteralâ nutrition). This gives your bowel a rest and can help you get all of the nutrients you need.


Question: How do probiotics help treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: When the balance between helpful and harmful bacteria in your gut is off -- say, when you take an antibiotic -- it can cause diarrhea and other problems. Probiotics are "friendly" bacteria that help keep harmful bacteria in check. Researchers are looking at whether they can help ease Crohn's symptoms and help people avoid flares.


Question: What will calm symptoms of Crohn's disease?

Answer: There are ways to help yourself feel better if you have a flare: Eat soft, bland foods. Don't eat anything spicy or high in fiber. Eat smaller meals, and eat more often. Eat five small meals instead of three large ones. Drink plenty of fluids. Chronic diarrhea can dehydrate you, which can make you feel weak and tired. It can also cause kidney stones. You'll definitely need to avoid sodas and caffeinated drinks. They can bother your stomach.


Question: Can probiotics help with Crohn's disease?

Answer: Probiotics are "friendly" bacteria that help keep harmful bacteria in check. Researchers are looking at whether they can help ease Crohn's symptoms and help people avoid flares. Ask your doctor if probiotics are right for you.


Question: What foods are bad for Crohn's disease?

Answer: The choices that sometimes cause trouble for people with Crohn's include some whole foods and vegetables, as well as: High-fat, greasy, and fried foods, like: Cream sauces Butter Margarine Anything deep-fried High-fiber foods like: Corn Popcorn Seeds Nuts Milk and dairy-based foods like ice cream can cause problems, too.


Question: What should I eat during a Crohn's flare?

Answer: There are ways to help yourself feel better if you have a flare: Eat soft, bland foods. Don't eat anything spicy or high in fiber. Eat smaller meals, and eat more often. Eat five small meals instead of three large ones. Drink plenty of fluids. Chronic diarrhea can dehydrate you, which can make you feel weak and tired. It can also cause kidney stones. You'll definitely need to avoid sodas and caffeinated drinks. They can bother your stomach. If you need other options besides water, talk to your doctor.


Question: How does diet cause Crohn's disease?

Answer: So it's important to pay attention to what you eat. That can help you control your symptoms, especially during a flare. Make sure you get enough calories and the nourishment you need.


Question: How can teachers create a more comfortable learning environment for kids with ADHD?

Answer: It may be helpful for teachers to: Pair written instructions with oral instructions. Give clear, concise instructions. Ask a volunteer in the class to repeat the directions. Use a timer to help with transitions and organizations. Speak when the child is paying attention. Set up clear rules of behavior and consequences for breaking these rules. Set up a program that rewards appropriate behavior. Seat the child near a good role model or near the teacher and away from distractions. Establish a nonverbal cue to get the child's attention. Establish a routine so the child knows what to expect (this may be a daily agenda or checklist that can be posted visibly in the classroom).


Question: How long does it take for ADHD medication to work?

Answer: Some things to check might include how often your child: Misses details or makes careless mistakes Gets off task Seems not to listen when spoken to Doesn't follow directions or finish a task Can't get organized Dislikes activities that take concentration Loses things Gets distracted easily Forgets things Fidgets and squirms Doesn't stay in his seat Runs around when everyone else is seated Can't play quietly Seems to be in constant motion Talks too much Blurts out answers Won't wait his turn Interrupts others It depends on the medication your child takes, and if it's extended release or short-term.


Question: How long does it take for non-stimulant ADHD medication to work and how long do they last?

Answer: Non-stimulant drugs act differently. They need time to build up in your child's system but their effects last for 24 hours. You may not see a difference for weeks, and it may take several more to fine-tune the dose.


Question: What should I do if my child's ADHD medication doesn't work as well years later?

Answer: If his old behavior seems to be returning, tell his doctor. It may be time to increase the dose or try a different drug. They can also switch to a formula that lasts longer, or add another shorter-acting pill later in the day.


Question: Is it normal for ADHD medication to affect my child's personality or irritability?

Answer: If you think your child's personality has changed or he seems irritable all the time, his dose may be too high, even if his symptoms have gotten better. Talk to his doctor.


Question: Can my child stop taking ADHD medication as they get older?

Answer: Most kids with ADHD get stimulant medication, which helps nerve cells in the brain communicate. You may not see a difference for weeks, and it may take several more to fine-tune the dose. Don't try to check this by stopping the medication on your own, though. Talk to his doctor about taking a monitored break from the drug to see what happens.


Question: How will I know if my child's ADHD medication is working?

Answer: After your child is on the medication for a while, you can each go through the list again. If a symptom isn't as strong, the drug is probably helping with it. Many parents find that after several years, the medicine that used to help their child no longer does the job. And they don't end with the school bell.


Question: How long does it take to find the right ADHD medication?

Answer: You'll need to keep a close eye on your child's symptoms. Before starting a new treatment, you and your child's teacher can make a checklist of the symptoms and how strong they are. It may be time to increase the dose or try a different drug. Talk to his doctor about taking a monitored break from the drug to see what happens.


Question: Can people with diabetes do adventure sports?

Answer: Adventure sports like rock-climbing or scuba-diving should be safe if you're in good health aside from diabetes. Make sure to get the right training. Don't do these activities alone, because you may need help if your blood sugar gets too low (what doctors call "hypoglycemia"). Take some fast-acting carbs like a sports gel, glucose tablets, or even a tube of cake icing with you.


Question: How does diabetes-related nerve damage affect your risk of injury during exercise?

Answer: The kind your doctor calls "peripheral neuropathy" can make you lose feeling in your feet and toes. It can also affect your balance and raise your chances of falling. If you have it, try not to run or jump. Choose an exercise that doesn't impact your joints, like swimming. Another kind of nerve damage, autonomic neuropathy, can make you faint if you move around too fast.


Question: How does glycation affect joints?

Answer: Pounding away with HITT or making a lot of fast moves might by risky -- one wrong move could lead to an injury. Routines that have you do the same moves over and over again can cause problems. Stiff joints can also take a toll on your balance, setting you up for a fall.


Question: Can diabetes affect your joints?

Answer: Long-term diabetes can affect them. Over time, blood sugar starts to build up in them, a process called âglycation.â Good control over your disease can help delay it, but the longer you have the diabetes, the more likely it will happen.


Question: How do statins affect joints?

Answer: Many people with type 2 diabetes take cholesterol medications called statins. They can cause muscle or joint pain, making it tough for you to do high-impact moves correctly or quickly. These drugs also make muscle or joint injuries more likely.


Question: Can you exercise too hard if you have diabetes?

Answer: On the flipside, exercise that's too hard can raise your blood sugar by making it harder for your muscle cells to use insulin. A workout helps pump you up by causing small tears in muscle fibers. When they heal, your muscles are stronger. But if you aren't used to super-tough workouts like HIIT, they can do so much damage that days go by before you feel like moving again. During that time your muscle cells can't use insulin well, and that will boost your blood sugar. It may also rise if you skip workouts. If you're so sore you can't make your next gym session, you probably need to dial it down. There's no rush: It's better to build intensity slowly as you get used to a new routine. You're more likely to stick with it if you don't feel like you've been through the wringer.


Question: Should I tell my doctor if I have diabetes and am changing my exercise routine?

Answer: If all you want to do is switch from one moderate type of exercise to another, you probably don't need to discuss it with your doctor. But if you want to ramp up your workout from moderate to intense, get checked out first. You might not be aware you've lost feeling in your feet, and diabetes-related eye disease often has no symptoms early on.


Question: Can exercising with diabetes increase your risk of eye problems?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about what to do. They're weak and often leaky. When you jump, lift heavy weights, make jarring moves, or hold your head down (as in certain yoga poses), these fragile blood vessels could bleed. If you've had a dilated eye exam in the last year, your eye doctor can tell you if the workouts you're interested in are safe.


Question: Are fun exercise classes okay for people with diabetes?

Answer: If you're looking for a challenge -- something new or more intense -- the latest trends may have caught your eye. You've got a bunch to choose from, like barre classes that draw on dance moves, high-intensity interval training ( HIIT) that trades hardcore bursts of exercise with more moderate moves, and flexibility-boosting yoga. If all you want to do is switch from one moderate type of exercise to another, you probably don't need to discuss it with your doctor.


Question: What are roundworms in dogs?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Roundworms Usually spread in feces or during pregnancy or nursing, the roundworm causes a serious infection in dogs and puppies. The roundworm eats the food of its host and may cause diarrhea and other symptoms. In puppies, roundworms can be fatal. Prescription and over-the-counter deworming products for dogs are very effective. If people contract roundworms, their symptoms can be even more serious than those in dogs.


Question: What are whipworms in dogs?

Answer: Whipworms Whipworms live in the area where the small and large intestines meet. Here, they suck the blood of their hosts. Dogs can pick them up from contaminated soil or by grooming. Whipworms can be quite serious and cause bloody diarrhea when there are large numbers embed in the intestine. Some heartworm preventives are effective against whipworms, and an oral dewormer is effective at eliminating whipworms.


Question: What are tapeworms in dogs?

Answer: Tapeworms Dogs get tapeworms from licking themselves and swallowing fleas, which carry them. Tapeworms absorb some of the dog’s nutrients from the intestine where they attach. The tapeworm is made up of small segments, each about the size of a grain of rice. These are passed in feces and can sometimes be seen around the dog’s anus. An injection or tablet can kill tapeworms. Humans can also get tapeworms, but people don't get them from an infected pet.


Question: What can I do if my diuretic makes me thirsty?

Answer: Thirst: Try sucking on sugarless hard candy. Contact your doctor or nurse if you have extreme thirst. It could be a sign of dehydration.


Question: Can children take diuretics?

Answer: The side effects are similar to those in adults. Children will take smaller doses. Talk with your doctor.


Question: Can breastfeeding women take diuretics?

Answer: Most diuretics are fine, with some precautions. Talk with your doctor.


Question: What medications should my doctor know about before taking diuretics for heart disease?

Answer: Before a diuretic is prescribed, tell your doctor if you are taking: Medication for high blood pressure Digoxin Indomethacin Probenecid Corticosteroids Some diuretics may require you to avoid or eat certain foods.


Question: What foods or drugs interact with diuretics?

Answer: To avoid a potential problem, tell your doctor and pharmacist all the medicines you are taking, including: Herbal preparations Over-the-counter drugs Vitamins Nutrition supplements Diuretics are often prescribed with other drugs. If you have more side effects when you take them together, contact your doctor. You may need to change the times you take each one.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating edema?

Answer: Edema: Diuretics lessen swelling that usually occurs in the legs.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating liver problems?

Answer: Liver problems: If you have cirrhosis, a diuretic will ease the fluid buildup you'll get with it.


Question: Can pregnant women take diuretics?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend a diuretic if you have.


Question: Can diuretics lead to frequent peeing?

Answer: They can include: Frequent peeing: This may last for up to 4 hours after each dose. If you are taking two doses each day, take the second dose no later than late afternoon so you can sleep through the night without waking up to urinate.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating glaucoma?

Answer: Glaucoma: They'll reduce the pressure in your eye.


Question: How can diuretics help with treating heart failure?

Answer: Heart failure: Diuretics ease swelling and congestion in the lungs. Normally, you'll get a loop diuretic for heart failure.


Question: What are signs of dehydration caused by diuretics?

Answer: Dehydration : Signs include: Dizziness Extreme thirst Excessive dry mouth Less urine output Dark-colored urine Constipation If you have any of these, don't assume you need more fluids -- call your doctor or nurse.


Question: What are examples of diuretics?

Answer: Examples of diuretics include: Lasix (furosemide) Bumex (bumetanide) Demadex (torsemide) Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide) Zaroxolyn (metolazone) Aldactone (spironolactone) Diuretics are categorized as: Thiazide-like: These get rid of a moderate amount of water.


Question: How are diuretics categorized?

Answer: Examples of diuretics include: Lasix (furosemide) Bumex (bumetanide) Demadex (torsemide) Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide) Zaroxolyn (metolazone) Aldactone (spironolactone) Diuretics are categorized as: Thiazide-like: These get rid of a moderate amount of water. They can be used for a long time. Loop: They're more powerful and are very useful in emergencies. Potassium-sparing: They help you keep potassium as you're getting rid of water and salt. You'll sometimes take these with one of the other two types mentioned above.


Question: Can diuretics lead to muscle cramps or weaknesses?

Answer: They can be used for a long time. Muscle cramps or weakness: Make sure you're taking your potassium supplement correctly, if you've been prescribed one. Contact your doctor or nurse if these symptoms continue.


Question: What should you do before you're prescribed a diuretic?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend a diuretic if you have. Follow the directions on the label. If you're taking one dose a day, take it in the morning with your breakfast or right after. If you are taking more than one dose a day, take the last one no later than 4 p.m.


Question: What do I need to know about heart disease and diuretics?

Answer: They help your body get rid of unneeded water and salt through urine. That makes it easier for your heart to pump and to control blood pressure. Before you're prescribed a diuretic, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, or gout.


Question: What is Imuran?

Answer: That means that it can theoretically halt the attack of the immune system on your nerves if you have multiple sclerosis. The drug can be used to slow the progression of MS in people who are not responding well to other treatments. Imuran may also be used with other disease-modifying therapies, such as Avonex, to boost their effect.


Question: What determines my proper dose of Imuran to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your white blood cell count and your weight will determine the dose that is prescribed. The starting dose is low and is slowly increased. Imuran is generally taken once or twice a day. It is available in 50 mg. tablets, which may be easily broken in half if necessary. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose and how often to take it -- follow these instructions carefully and ask your pharmacist or doctor to explain any instructions that you do not understand. It is important that you take this medication regularly as prescribed; do not stop taking it and do not take more or less of the drug than is prescribed.


Question: What tips should I keep in mind while taking Imuran?

Answer: This discomfort is expected and will go away as your body gets used to the medication. If you have extreme nausea with vomiting, contact your doctor. While you are taking this medication, you may be asked to have regular blood tests (such as blood cell counts and liver function tests) to evaluate the medication's effectiveness and to monitor your response to the drug. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab. Your doctor may reduce or even stop Imuran when you are being treated for certain infections. This allows your body to effectively fight back. Be sure that you always have enough medication on hand. Check your supply before holidays or other occasions when you may be unable to fill your prescription. Do not have any vaccinations without your doctor's approval. Take precautions to avoid infection while taking this drug. Avoid anyone who may have an infection and report any signs of infection to your doctor.


Question: How would I take Imuran to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: In cases of multiple sclerosis, Imuran is generally taken orally, in the form of tablets.


Question: Does everyone experience the same side effects of Imuran therapy?

Answer: It's important to remember that not everyone experiences all of these side effects. This medication is generally well-tolerated. Even though some of the side effects could be very serious, remember that precautions will be taken to detect these side effects and treat them before they become harmful.


Question: What types of side effects are associated with Imuran?

Answer: Side effects of Imuran may include: Increased stomach irritation. Nausea and vomiting. Changes in hair color and texture along with hair loss -- these changes are usually temporary. Loss of appetite. Blood in the urine or stool. Unusual bruising. Fatigue. Development of mouth sores and ulcers. Liver damage. Increased risk of infection. Because Imuran is an immunosuppressive medication, it can lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, increasing the chance of infection.


Question: What signs mean I should call my doctor immediately when taking Imuran?

Answer: Keep this and other drugs out of the reach of children If you're taking Imuran, call your doctor right away if you have any of these warning signs of infection: Fever over 100 ° F (38 ° C). Sweats or chills. Skin rash. Pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling. Wound or cut that won't heal. Red, warm, or draining sore. Sore throat, scratchy throat or pain when swallowing. Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along upper cheekbones. Persistent, dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days. White patches in your mouth or on your tongue. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Flu-like symptoms (chills, aches, headache, or fatigue) or generally feeling "lousy."


Question: How should I store Imuran?

Answer: Store Imuran at room temperature. DO NOT store this medication in direct heat or light. DO NOT store this medication in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause it to break down. Keep this drug in the container it came in, tightly sealed. Do not keep outdated medicine. Keep this and other drugs out of the reach of children If you're taking Imuran, call your doctor right away if you have any of these warning signs of infection: Fever over 100 ° F (38 ° C).


Question: Why do nightmares occur?

Answer: Nightmares, or bad dreams, are common in children and adults. Often nightmares are caused by: Stress, conflict, and fear Trauma Emotional problems Medication or drug use Illness If you have a recurring nightmare, your subconscious may be trying to tell you something.


Question: Can you get pregnant after fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: Yet it is possible to get pregnant after you're treated for fallopian tube cancer. Your doctor may be able to remove just one ovary and fallopian tube. Even if both ovaries are removed, you may be able to freeze your eggs or embryos before the surgery and get pregnant in the future. If you plan to have children, talk to your doctor about your options before you have surgery. The doctor may be able to take steps to preserve your fertility.


Question: Who is more likely to have fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: You may have a higher chance of having it if you've: Never given birth Never breastfed a child Never used birth control pills Having a close relative (mother, sister, daughter) with ovarian or breast cancer also raises your risk. You're more likely to get fallopian tube cancer if you inherited a change (mutation) to the BRCA gene, which makes ovarian and breast cancers more likely.


Question: What are symptoms of fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: Some women don't have any signs of this kind of cancer. But if you do, they can include: Bleeding from the vagina when you don't have your period -- for example, if you've already gone through menopause White, clear, or pink discharge from the vagina Pain or pressure in your lower belly Lump or swelling in your lower belly Many different conditions cause these symptoms. If you have them, it doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer. But you should check with your doctor, just to be sure.


Question: What is palliative care for fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: Palliative care is another important part of treating your cancer. It is not always the same as hospice care. You can still get treatment, but you also get care for pain, emotional stress, and other issues related to your cancer that can affect your quality of life.


Question: How is fallopian tube cancer diagnosed?

Answer: You might have one or more of these tests: Pelvic exam. An ultrasound may be done using a wand on the outside of your belly. If you plan to have children, talk to your doctor about your options before you have surgery.


Question: What is a CA125 test?

Answer: Fallopian tube cancers release a protein called CA125 that can show up in your blood. Having high CA125 levels doesn't mean you definitely have cancer. Fibroids, pregnancy, and other conditions can also raise CA125 levels. You'll need other tests to confirm the diagnosis. It's used to treat early-stage fallopian tube cancers.


Question: What causes fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: This type of cancer is treatable. Doctors don't know exactly why fallopian tube cancer happens. But this hasn't been proved.


Question: Which surgeries treat fallopian tube cancer?

Answer: Fallopian tube cancer is very rare. Which type of surgery you get depends on the stage of your cancer -- its size and where it has spread. Salpingo-oophorectomy removes one or both fallopian tubes and ovaries. Surgery to remove your ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus can make it hard to get pregnant in the future. Yet it is possible to get pregnant after you're treated for fallopian tube cancer.


Question: What are early signs of asthma?

Answer: Early warning signs of an asthma attack include: Frequent cough, especially at night Losing your breath easily or shortness of breath Feeling very tired or weak when exercising Wheezing or coughing after exercise Feeling tired, easily upset, grouchy, or moody Decreases or changes in lung function as measured on a peak flow meter Signs of a cold or allergies (sneezing, runny nose, cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, and headache) Trouble sleeping If you have these warning signs, adjust your medication, as described in your asthma action plan.


Question: What are common asthma symptoms?

Answer: Other symptoms of an asthma attack include: Severe wheezing when breathing both in and out Coughing that won't stop Very rapid breathing Chest pain or pressure Tightened neck and chest muscles, called retractions Difficulty talking Feelings of anxiety or panic Pale, sweaty face Blue lips or fingernails The severity of an asthma attack can escalate rapidly, so it's important to treat these asthma symptoms immediately once you recognize them.


Question: Can an infection trigger asthma symptoms?

Answer: Sometimes a virus or bacterial infection is an asthma trigger. For instance, you might have a cold virus that triggers your asthma symptoms. Or your asthma can be triggered by a bacterial sinus infection. Sinusitis with asthma is common.


Question: How can you conserve energy during meal preparation if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Try these tips for easier eating: Conserve energy: Choose foods that are easier to prepare. It's more important to eat than to prepare fancy foods. Get help with meal preparation -- ask your family or friends for help, or check with local government agencies or church organizations about meal deliveries. Many are low-cost; some are free. Freeze extra portions and take them out when you're extra tired. Eat your main meals earlier in the day when you have extra energy.


Question: Why is it helpful to avoid salt when you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Avoid salt. Salt (sodium) makes your body retain water, which increases swelling. This makes breathing more difficult. To reduce your salt intake, try to: Read food labels and choose foods with fewer than 300 milligrams of sodium per serving. Use no-salt spices. Avoid adding salt while cooking.


Question: How can you stimulate your appetite if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Stimulate your appetite: Keep healthy foods visible and within easy reach. Eat a variety of healthy foods, especially your favorites. Use colorful place settings or play background music while eating. Eat with other people as often as you can. Walk or do light exercises.


Question: How can a diet full of healthy foods help you manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: When you have COPD, a diet full of healthy foods: Helps you maintain a healthy weight Provides your body the energy it needs Supplies enough calories, keeping breathing and other muscles strong Helps your body fight infections by strengthening your immune system When you have COPD, you may need to make some diet changes.


Question: How can you monitor and maintain a healthy weight if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: Eat with other people as often as you can. If you take water pills, called diuretics, you should weigh yourself every day. Contact your doctor if you gain or lose 2 pounds in one day or 5 pounds in one week. Make changes in your diet under the guidance of a health care provider. If you need to lose weight, ask about special exercises that may also strengthen your chest muscles.


Question: What foods and drinks should you avoid if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer: This makes breathing more difficult. To minimize gas or bloating, avoid foods and drinks such as: Beans, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower Carbonated beverages Fried, spicy, or greasy foods Avoid empty foods.