Question: Which cancer treatments are associated with fatigue?

Answer: The following colorectal cancer treatments are commonly associated with fatigue: Chemotherapy . Any chemotherapy drug or regimen may cause fatigue. Fatigue usually develops after several weeks of chemotherapy. In some, fatigue lasts a few days, while others say the problem persists throughout the course of treatment and even after the treatment is complete. Radiation therapy . Radiation, commonly used in the treatment of rectal cancer, can cause fatigue that increases over time. This can occur regardless of the treatment site. Fatigue usually lasts from 3 to 4 weeks after treatment stops, but can continue for up to 2 to 3 months. Combination therapy. More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue.


Question: How can making an appointment with a dietician help with colorectal cancer fatigue?

Answer: A registered dietitian provides suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes). A dietitian can also suggest ways to maximize calories and include proteins in smaller amounts of food (such as powdered milk, instant breakfast drinks, and other commercial supplements or food additives).


Question: When should you call the doctor about a cold?

Answer: Talk to the pediatrician if your child doesn't get better after a few days. Also call if he has a high fever, vomiting, chills and shakes, a hacking cough, any respiratory distress, or extreme fatigue. These may be signs of something more severe, like the flu or a bacterial infection. If your child has asthma, diabetes, or other long-term health conditions, call your pediatrician to talk about medicine or other treatments. Also watch for signs of complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. Symptoms include a low-grade fever (less than 102 F), coughing up mucus, achiness, labored or fast breathing, and tiredness. Contact the pediatrician immediately if any of these symptoms appear.


Question: How can you stop your child from getting a cold?

Answer: Your child can get sick when someone who's got a cold touches an object that's later touched by your child. Door handles, stair railings, books, pens, video game remotes, and a computer keyboard are some common "carriers" of cold viruses. They can live on one of those objects for several hours. Washing hands is the best defense. Teach your child to do it after every bathroom trip, before every meal, and after playing at school or at home. It takes 20 seconds of hand washing with warm, soapy water to get rid of germs. Tell your child to sing " Happy Birthday to You" twice to know that he's washed long enough. Using hand sanitizer is also a good option to prevent the spread of germs. If your child has a cold, make sure you protect others from catching it. If he has symptoms, keep him home from school and avoid contact with other children. Encourage your child to cover his mouth when sneezing and to use a tissue when he blows his nose. If he doesn't have a tissue, teach him to cough in his sleeve. Remind your child to wash his hands after coughing, sneezing or blowing his nose.


Question: Are cold medicines safe for kids?

Answer: These include things like: Cough suppressants (dextromethorphan or DM) Cough expectorants (guaifenesin) Decongestants (pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine) Antihistamines (such as brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine, and others) These drugs are the active ingredients in many brands of kids' cold and cough medicines. Generally speaking, children should not be using cough medicines. Coughing is the body's natural way of helping the body get rid of the cold virus. It's OK to let your child cough, unless he is in distress.


Question: What are the symptoms of a cold in children?

Answer: As your child's cold gets worse, he may wake up with symptoms like these: Watery mucus in the nose Watery or crusty eyes Sneezing Feeling of tiredness Fever (sometimes) Sore throat Cough A cold virus can affect your child's sinuses, throat, bronchial tubes, and ears. He may also have diarrhea and vomiting. At first your child may be irritable and complain of a headache and feeling stuffed up. After a while, the mucus coming out of his nose may turn darker and thicker.


Question: What should you expect if your child gets a cold?

Answer: When your child gets a cold, it starts when he has a general feeling of not being well, often followed by a sore throat, runny nose or cough. At the beginning, the sore throat is due to a buildup of mucus. Later, your child may get a postnasal drip -- when the mucus runs down the back of his nose to the throat.


Question: How often will your child get a cold?

Answer: Kids who are preschool age have around nine colds a year, while kindergartners can have 12 a year. Adolescents and adults get about two to four a year. Cold season runs from September until March or April, so children usually get sick most often during these months.


Question: What glucose meter features are unhelpful?

Answer: Make sure you don't have to enter a code or special key when changing test strips. That's a hassle you don't need.


Question: What is a ditto device for diabetes?

Answer: Ditto isn't a glucose meter. Instead, it's a small device that connects to your glucose meter. It takes readings from your device -- it works with nine models -- and wirelessly sends them to an app on your phone, which uploads it to a web site.


Question: How do you know which glucose monitor is right for you?

Answer: Make sure your insurance company will cover the strips for any device you choose.


Question: How can seeing a more complete picture of your health from glucose monitors help with diabetes?

Answer: Seeing your records in colorful graphs and charts makes it easier to understand -- and to figure out if you need to make changes. For instance, a graph can quickly show if your blood sugar tends to be high in the mornings. Then you can easily share that with your doctor to see if you need to change your treatment. Track food and more. Most devices and apps let you log the food you eat.


Question: Which glucometers have a voice readout?

Answer: Some meters with voice readout include the Advocate Redi- Code, Easy Max Voice, Element Plus, Fora (many models), and Prodigy.


Question: What should you test when deciding on a glucose monitor?

Answer: If you can, get your hands on a device before you buy it, so you'll know how it feels. Make sure the buttons are well-placed and easy to press. If you have trouble picking up small things or have dexterity issues with your hands, using larger strips may be more comfortable. A glucometer with an attached strip drum or disk may be easier to handle, too. You won't have to mess with those tiny, slippery test strips.


Question: How do I know if I will like a glucose meter before purchasing it?

Answer: Give it a test run. If you can, get your hands on a device before you buy it, so you'll know how it feels. Make sure the buttons are well-placed and easy to press. If you have trouble picking up small things or have dexterity issues with your hands, using larger strips may be more comfortable. A glucometer with an attached strip drum or disk may be easier to handle, too.


Question: How can you use apps for diabetes?

Answer: Even if you don't want to spend the extra cash on a fancy syncing glucometer, you can get a lot of the same benefits with low-cost or free phone apps or web sites. You do have to remember to enter your glucose readings into the app or web site yourself. But besides that, you'll get a lot of the other benefits of high-end devices -- the ability to share information, enter carbs or exercise, and track trends over time.


Question: How do I know if a glucose monitor is working?

Answer: If it doesn't self-test, you may occasionally use a control solution -- a testing liquid with a specific glucose level -- on a strip to make sure it's working correctly. Also, find out if the meter needs to be cleaned, and how.


Question: What are some cutting-edge glucose monitors that transmit data?

Answer: Several new cutting-edge glucose monitors or other devices that transmit data include: i Health Wireless Smart Gluco- Monitoring System and the Telcare Wireless Glucose Meter are wireless glucometers that sync with your phone. Both have apps and web sites to help you track your health. Ditto isn't a glucose meter. Instead, it's a small device that connects to your glucose meter. It takes readings from your device -- it works with nine models -- and wirelessly sends them to an app on your phone, which uploads it to a web site. Glooko is a cable that connects your phone to up to 21 different FDA-approved glucometers. As soon as you connect the two, Glooko uploads the information to the cloud.


Question: What are the symptoms of scleroderma?

Answer: They include: Hardened or thickened skin that looks shiny and smooth. It's most common on the hands and face. Cold fingers or toes that turn red, white, or blue. This is called Raynaud's phenomenon. Ulcers or sores on fingertips Small red spots on the face and chest. These are opened blood vessels called telangiectasias. Puffy or swollen or painful fingers and/or toes Painful or swollen joints Muscle weakness Dry eyes or mouth (called Sjogren's syndrome) Swelling -- mostly of the hands and fingers. Your doctor may call this edema. Shortness of breath Heartburn Diarrhea Weight Loss Your doctor will check you and ask about your health history.


Question: How is scleroderma diagnosed?

Answer: Shortness of breath Heartburn Diarrhea Weight Loss Your doctor will check you and ask about your health history. He'll likely take an X-ray, do some blood tests, or take a small sample of skin (called a biopsy). He may check out your heart, lungs, and esophagus.


Question: What are symptoms of Addisonian crisis?

Answer: Symptoms of an Addisonian crisis include: Shock, when the body does not get enough blood flow Sudden penetrating pain in the lower back, abdomen, or legs Severe vomiting and diarrhea, followed by dehydration Fever Weakness and fatigue Low blood pressure Loss of consciousness Multiple organ failure, including kidneys, if circulation of blood cannot be restored


Question: What are the symptoms of Addison's disease?

Answer: Over time, Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, leads to these symptoms: Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness Loss of appetite, inability to digest food, and weight loss Low blood pressure (hypotension) that falls further when standing; this causes dizziness, sometimes to the point of fainting. Blotchy, dark tanning and freckling of the skin; this is most noticeable on parts of the body exposed to the sun, but also occurs in unexposed areas like the gums. Darkened skin is particularly likely to occur on the forehead, knees, and elbows or along scars, skin folds, and creases (such as on the palms). Blood sugar abnormalities, including dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Inability to cope with stress Moodiness, irritability, and depression Intolerance to heat or cold Craving for salty foods Some of these symptoms may indicate conditions other than Addison's disease.


Question: What happens if I don't have my genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV) treated?

Answer: Unfortunately, despite treatment, having high-risk HPV can increase your risk of cervical, rectal, and penile cancer. But not all forms of the virus are associated with these cancers. If you have genital warts, it is important to get annual check-ups to screen for cancer.


Question: How are genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV) treated?

Answer: Unfortunately, no treatment can kill the HPV virus that causes the genital warts. Your doctor can remove the warts with laser therapy or by freezing or applying chemicals. Some prescription treatments are available for at home-use. Surgery may be necessary for genital warts that are large or difficult to treat. Still, recurrence remains a problem. You may need to return to your doctor for more treatment.


Question: What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease ( STD) in North America. Certain forms of the virus can cause cervical, rectal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer. According to the CDC, at least 50% of sexually active men and women will get a genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. After a person has been infected by HPV, it may take one to three months (or longer in some cases) for warts to appear. Some people who have been infected never get warts.


Question: What do genital warts look like?

Answer: The warts may look similar to the small parts of a cauliflower or they may be very tiny and difficult to see. They often appear in clusters of three or four, and may grow and spread rapidly. They usually are not painful, although they may cause mild pain, bleeding, and itching.


Question: How soon do warts appear after being infected by human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: After a person has been infected by HPV, it may take one to three months (or longer in some cases) for warts to appear. Some people who have been infected never get warts.


Question: What are the symptoms of genital warts and human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer: But when symptoms do occur, warts may be seen around the genital area. In women, warts can develop on the outside and inside of the vagina, on the cervix (the opening to the uterus), or around the anus. In men, they may be seen on the tip of the penis, the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, or around the anus. Genital warts also can develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person. Because there is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear, people who have been infected should be examined and treated, if necessary. Your doctor may perform the following tests to check for genital warts and/or related STDs: An examination of visible growths to see if they look like genital warts Application of a mild acetic acid (vinegar) solution to highlight less visible growths A complete pelvic exam and Pap smear (for women) A specialized test for high-risk HPV (low risk should not be screened for), collected in a way similar to a Pap smear Biopsy of cervical tissue ( if abnormal pap smear or visible abnormality) to make sure there are no abnormal cells that could develop into HPV-related cervical cancer; a cervical biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the cervix and examining it under a microscope.


Question: What are warning signs of suicide risk in someone who has bipolar disorder?

Answer: The very nature of self-injury is physical damage to one's body. It's important for the self-injurer to seek help. Warning signs of suicide may include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, changing a will Hoarding pills Unusual interest in nationally publicized disasters or suicides If you or a loved one has both bipolar disorder and, in addition, self-injurious behavior, it's vital that you work with your doctor to jointly manage your illness.


Question: What should you do if your bipolar symptoms are getting worse?

Answer: If you feel your bipolar symptoms are worsening, contact your doctor immediately. Sometimes a change in medication or dosage is all that's needed to treat breakthrough symptoms of depression or mania/hypomania.


Question: How does medications cause diarrhea in children, and what is the treatment for it?

Answer: Medications like laxatives or antibiotics can also lead to diarrhea in children as well as adults. For mild diarrhea caused by medication, keep your child safely hydrated. If a course of antibiotics is causing your child's diarrhea, be sure to continue the medication and call your doctor. Your doctor may recommend reducing the dose, changing your diet, adding a probiotic or switching to a different antibiotic. Studies show that yogurt with live cultures or probiotics can help ease diarrhea caused by antibiotics. Cultures and probiotics help replenish healthy gut bacteria killed by antibiotics.


Question: What are the common causes and treatments of diarrhea in children?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Diarrhea is the body's way of ridding itself of germs, and most episodes last a few days to a week. Diarrhea often occurs with fever, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and dehydration. Some of the most common reasons kids get diarrhea include: Infection from viruses like rotavirus, bacteria like salmonella and, rarely, parasites like giardia.


Question: What is a lesionectomy?

Answer: A lesionectomy is an operation to remove a lesion -- a damaged or abnormally functioning area -- in the brain. Brain lesions include tumors, scars from a head injury or infection, abnormal blood vessels, and hematomas (a swollen area filled with blood).


Question: What are the side effects of a lesionectomy?

Answer: Side effects of a lesionectomy vary depending on the location and extent of the lesion and the tissue removed. The following side effects may occur after surgery, although they generally go away on their own: Scalp numbness Nausea Feeling tired or depressed Headaches Difficulty speaking, remembering, or finding words Weakness, paralysis Change in personality, memory loss The risks associated with lesionectomy include: Risks associated with surgery, including infection, bleeding, and an allergic reaction to anesthesia Failure to relieve seizures Swelling in the brain Damage to healthy brain tissue


Question: How can lesionectomy help with treating epilepsy?

Answer: A lesion seems to cause seizures in about 20% to 30% of people with epilepsy who do not improve after taking medication; it is not known for certain if the lesion itself triggers the seizures, or if the seizures result from irritation to the brain tissue surrounding the lesion. For this reason, surgery may also include the removal of a small rim of brain tissue around the lesion, called lesionectomy plus corticectomy.


Question: How effective is a lesionectomy?

Answer: Lesionectomy results are excellent in patients whose seizures are clearly associated with a defined lesion.


Question: What happens after a lesionectomy?

Answer: After a lesionectomy, the patient generally stays in an intensive care unit for 24 to 48 hours after surgery and then stays in a regular hospital room for three to four days. Most people who have a lesionectomy will be able to return to their normal activities, including work or school, in six to eight weeks after surgery. Most patients will need to continue taking antiseizure medications. Once seizure control is established, medications may be reduced or eliminated.


Question: How can eating a healthy diet help in recovering from depression?

Answer: But a sensible eating plan will keep you feeling healthy and give you the nutrients you need. Don't rely on popular diets that cut out food groups and sharply restrict what you can eat. Just focus on the basics: watch your calories, eat lots of vegetables, whole grains, and fruits, and limit fat and sugar. Since caffeine can make you anxious, cut back on soda, coffee, tea, and chocolate.


Question: How can staying connected with family and friends help in recovering from depression?

Answer: Set aside time to do things that you used to enjoy doing. Get out with your family or friends. Or take up a hobby that used to give you pleasure. Staying active -- and connected with the people in your life -- may help you feel better.


Question: How can alcohol and drug avoidance help in recovering from depression?

Answer: Alcohol and drugs can add to your depression and make it worse. Depression and substance abuse often go together. In addition, alcohol and drugs can prevent your antidepressants from working as well as they should. If you have a substance abuse problem, you need to get help now. Addiction or abuse can prevent you from fully recovering from depression.


Question: How often should a child with type 2 diabetes have their blood sugar checked?

Answer: Your child should get a hemoglobin A1c test every 3 months. This test measures her average blood sugar levels over that period. She'll need to check her blood sugar: When she starts or changes treatment If she doesn't meet her treatment goals If she has to take insulin If she takes a sulfonylurea drug The doctor will teach you both how to test blood sugar and tell you how often. Most experts suggest three or more times a day if she's on insulin. If she's not, she can check less often, but should do it after meals. She can use a traditional finger stick test or a continuous glucose monitor.


Question: What is myocarditis?

Answer: There's also something called vasculitis, which is rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation of the blood vessels.


Question: How is rheumatoid arthritis related to pleuritis?

Answer: Rheumatoid nodules can form in your lungs too.


Question: What is vasculitis in relation to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There's also something called vasculitis, which is rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation of the blood vessels. It shows up as spots on the skin that look like ulcers. Other types of skin problems related to RA may appear, so always let your doctor know about anything new that pops up or breaks out.


Question: What complications might rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause?

Answer: When you think of rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, you might think of stiff, painful joints. But you may not know that complications can occur in other parts of your body. The same process that hurts your joints can also cause problems for your eyes, lungs, skin, heart, blood vessels, and other organs. And, the medications you take for RA can also have side effects.


Question: What eye complications can occur from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the eyes in several ways. Inflammation of the episclera, a thin membrane that covers the white of your eye, is common. It's usually mild, but the eye may get red and painful. Scleritis, an inflammation of the white of the eye, is more serious and can lead to vision loss. RA also puts you at risk for Sjogren's syndrome. This happens when your immune system attacks the glands that produce tears. It can make your eyes feel gritty and dry. If it's not treated, the dryness can cause infection and scarring of the conjunctiva, which is the membrane that covers the eye, and the cornea.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis cause pain in the neck?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis is known to cause pain in the joints of the fingers and wrists. But it can also affect other parts of your body, like your neck. If your neck feels stiff and you have pain when you turn your head, it could be your rheumatoid arthritis. Some simple exercises might help. Talk to your doctor about the best exercises and treatments to help relieve your neck pain.


Question: Can physical therapy help manage pain?

Answer: Sometimes pain relief can be accomplished through physical therapy. Physical therapy ( PT) involves treatments that focus on prevention and management of injuries or disabilities. PT helps to relieve pain, promote healing, and restore function and movement. PT is practiced by a professionally trained physical therapist. A physical therapist is a specialist skilled and educated specifically in evaluation and conservative management, including rehabilitation, of orthopaedic, neurologic, and cardiovascular conditions.. A therapist may focus on decreasing pain with either passive or active therapy.


Question: What should you keep in mind if you get physical therapy?

Answer: Examples of passive physical therapy include: Manual therapies Heat/ice packs Electrical stimulation, including TENS units Ultrasound Dry needling Cupping Examples of active physical therapy include: Movement based activities, including stretching and range of motion exercises Specific strengthening exercises Pain relief exercises Low-impact aerobic conditioning An important aspect to keep in mind about physical therapy and pain relief is that each individual may respond differently to therapy. People have different types of bodies, different patterns of movement, and different habits. Physical therapists and their trained staff can monitor each individual and attempt to correct improper habits and movement patterns.


Question: What are examples of active physical therapy?

Answer: Examples of passive physical therapy include: Manual therapies Heat/ice packs Electrical stimulation, including TENS units Ultrasound Dry needling Cupping Examples of active physical therapy include: Movement based activities, including stretching and range of motion exercises Specific strengthening exercises Pain relief exercises Low-impact aerobic conditioning An important aspect to keep in mind about physical therapy and pain relief is that each individual may respond differently to therapy.


Question: How can weight loss medications be bad for my health if I have heart disease?

Answer: Appetite suppressants tend to "rev" up your body. This can make your blood pressure rise and put more stress on your heart. Other weight loss medications can cause problems with your heart valves. Always check with your doctor before you use any weight loss medications.


Question: Can I return to my normal diet after an esophageal manometry?

Answer: You may resume your normal diet and activities after an esophageal manometry. You may feel a temporary soreness in your throat. Lozenges or gargling with salt water may help.


Question: What is an esophageal manometry?

Answer: Manometry measures the strength and muscle coordination of your esophagus when you swallow. During the manometry test, a thin, pressure-sensitive tube is passed through the nose, along the back of the throat, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. The esophageal manometry test may be given to people who have the following conditions: Difficulty swallowing Heartburn or reflux Non-cardiac Chest pain Prior to anti-reflux surgery Your esophagus moves food from your throat down to your stomach with a wave-like motion called peristalsis.


Question: Why would your doctor ask you to get an esophageal manometry test?

Answer: Before you have an esophageal manometry test, be sure to tell the doctor if you are pregnant, have a lung or heart condition, have any other medical problems or diseases, or if you are allergic to any medications.


Question: How long does the esophageal manometry test last?

Answer: The test lasts from 30 to 40 minutes.


Question: How do I know if I have dermatitis?

Answer: There are many types of dermatitis, or inflamed skin disorders, including: Seborrheic dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Nummular dermatitis Irritant contact dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Stasis dermatitis Most types of dermatitis can be diagnosed by a doctor's observation of the irritation and its location on the body. Sometimes a skin scraping will be taken for microscopic analysis. To identify causes of allergic contact dermatitis, a doctor may use patch tests, which involves the application of suspected allergens to areas of skin on the back.


Question: What are the treatments for dermatitis?

Answer: Mild skin inflammations usually respond to over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream. To reduce inflammation and heal the irritation of most types of dermatitis, a doctor usually recommends a prescription corticosteroid cream and might prescribe an oral antihistamine to relieve severe itching. You may need an antibiotic if a secondary infection develops. Severe dermatitis may call for corticosteroid pills or injections.


Question: How do doctors look for what's causing recurrent abdominal pain?

Answer: When you or your child sees the doctor about RAP, she'll ask about symptoms and family history. She'll want to know when the pain starts and what seems to make it feel worse or better. Then, she'll do a thorough physical exam. She'll probably take samples of blood and urine to do some tests. She also can order a scan to look inside your body for a problem, such as a CT scan, MRI, or an ultrasound. If you're over age 50, you may get a colonoscopy, which is when a doctor uses a thin, flexible tool with a camera to look for problems inside your colon and rectum.


Question: What is recurrent abdominal pain (RAP)?

Answer: If you have at least three of them over 3 months, and they're severe enough to keep you from doing everyday activities, you have what doctors call ârecurrent abdominal painâ ( RAP).


Question: What's the treatment for recurrent abdominal pain?

Answer: If a specific health issue is making your stomach hurt, you'll need to get treatment for that problem. Your doctor could also suggest lifestyle changes like eating different foods or finding ways to manage stress. Often, a mix of different things helps.


Question: What causes recurrent abdominal pain (RAP)?

Answer: Adults and children can have RAP for many reasons, including some health problems. For children, they might include: Anxiety Depression Trouble digesting the sugar in milk products, called lactose intolerance Heartburn Constipation Urinary tract infection Abdominal migraines (stomach pain that comes back a lot without a known cause) Health issues that can cause RAP in adults include: Indigestion Constipation Period pain Stomach ulcers Urinary tract infection Liver or gallbladder problems Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Infection from a parasite Cancer Still, many adults and kids have RAP that's not caused by any clear medical problem.


Question: What are health issues that can cause recurrent abdominal pain (RAP)?

Answer: For children, they might include: Anxiety Depression Trouble digesting the sugar in milk products, called lactose intolerance Heartburn Constipation Urinary tract infection Abdominal migraines (stomach pain that comes back a lot without a known cause) Health issues that can cause RAP in adults include: Indigestion Constipation Period pain Stomach ulcers Urinary tract infection Liver or gallbladder problems Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Infection from a parasite Cancer Still, many adults and kids have RAP that's not caused by any clear medical problem.


Question: When should you call your doctor about back pain?

Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord. Seek immediate medical help. The pain in your back extends downward along the back of the leg; you may be suffering from sciatica. The pain increases when you cough or bend forward at the waist; this can be the sign of a herniated disc. The pain is accompanied by fever, burning during urination, or frequent and/or urgent urination. You may have an infection. You begin to have problems controlling your bowels or bladder; seek immediate medical help.


Question: What should you know about back pain?

Answer: Most people have experienced back pain sometime in their lives. The causes of back pain are numerous; some are self-inflicted due to a lifetime of bad habits. Other back pain causes include accidents, muscle strains, and sports injuries. Although the causes may be different, most often they share the same symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of back pain?

Answer: Chronic ache in the middle or lower back, especially after sitting or standing for extended periods Back pain that radiates from the low back to the buttock, down the back of the thigh, and into the calf and toes Inability to stand straight without having pain or muscle spasms in the lower back You feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your groin, arms or legs; this may signal damage to the spinal cord.


Question: What are warnings that could mean a serious back pain problem?

Answer: Other "red flags" that could point to a serious back pain problem include: A history of cancer Unintentional weight loss You have been on steroids or medication that weakens your immune system A history of trauma Pain that is getting worse and does not get better after you rest Pain that has lasted more than a month Nighttime pain Unresponsive to earlier back pain therapies A history of IV drug use


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to mental health troubles?

Answer: Hep C can take a toll on your mental health as well. You may have trouble remembering things or a hard time paying attention. You could also feel very tired and worn out.


Question: How can untreated hepatitis C lead to skin problems?

Answer: Hep C-related skin conditions can cause bumps, blisters, hair loss, itching, and patches that look light or dark. One common one is vitiligo, a condition that causes loss of color on the face, elbows, knees, and wrists.


Question: How can treatment for hepatitis C help?

Answer: That can help you reverse or prevent health problems and keep you from spreading the virus to other people. The infection hurts your liver the most. The virus makes it swell.


Question: What should you do about aspirin poisoning?

Answer: Vomiting severely Agitated or lethargic Unconscious Having convulsions Not breathing For an overdose of aspirin: Call Poison Control at 800-222-1222 for instructions, even if there are no signs of poisoning. If possible, provide this information: all medications the person may have taken, how much the person may have taken, and when.


Question: How can you avoid bug bites in the summer?

Answer: If you can't stay away from it, wear long pants and sleeves, and tuck your pant legs into your socks. Don't wear bright colors, perfume, or other strong scents when you go outside. Use insect repellent when you're in wooded or brushy areas. Products with DEET or picaridin as active ingredients tend to protect you longer. But don't use them on children younger than 3 years old. Oil of lemon eucalyptus gives you protection similar to products with low concentrations of DEET, studies show.


Question: When should you call a doctor about rashes from poisonous plants?

Answer: Call your doctor if: You have a fever. The rash is severe or looks infected. The rash is on your lips, eyes, face, or genitals. Call 911 if you think you're having a severe reaction.


Question: How can you prevent a rash from poisonous plants?

Answer: The reaction happens when oil from these plants gets onto your skin. The best way to prevent a rash is to learn what these plants look like and avoid them. If you do come in contact with one, wash your skin in warm water right away. Scrub under your fingernails so you won't spread the oil to other parts of your body. Wash your clothes in hot water to remove the oil.


Question: When should you see a doctor about cuts and scrapes?

Answer: See your doctor if you notice symptoms of an infection, such as: Fever Inflammation Tenderness Pus coming from the wound Get medical care right away for wounds on the face, or for major skin gashes that are deep, bleed heavily, or have objects embedded in them.


Question: What do people with schizophrenia look like?

Answer: Physical findings can relate to the symptoms associated with schizophrenia or to medications the person may be taking.


Question: What is a psychiatric evaluation for schizophrenia?

Answer: A doctor will also complete a psychiatric evaluation in which he or she will ask the patient or the patient's family or both a series of questions regarding the patient's symptoms and psychiatric history.


Question: When will I know I have bronchitis?

Answer: The first few days you're sick, it will probably be hard to tell if you have a âregularâ cold or bronchitis.


Question: Whoâs most likely to have a reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug?

Answer: It's important to note that not every person who uses these drugs has a reaction. If it does happen, it can be a one-time occurrence, or it can happen each time the drug is taken and sun exposure occurs. People with HIV are among the most likely group to experience sun sensitivity to drugs.


Question: What drugs can cause sun sensitivity?

Answer: There are dozens of medications and over-the-counter drugs that can cause sun sensitivity. Some of the most common include: Antibiotics: doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim Antidepressants: doxepin ( Sinequan); and other tricyclics; St. John's wort Antifungals: griseofulvin Antihistamine: promethazine, diphenhydramine Antihypertensives (blood pressure drugs): hydrochlorothiazide (also found in some blood pressure medicines: Aldactazide, Capozide), diltiazem ( Cardizem) Benzocaine Benzoyl peroxide Cholesterol drugs: atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin Chemotherapy drugs: doxorubicin, flutamide, 5- FU, gemcitabine, methotrexate Diuretics: bumetanide, furosemide, hydrolorothiazide Hypoglycemics: glipizide, glyburide Neuroleptic drugs: Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, thioridazine, thiothixene Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories: celecoxib, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, piroxicam Other drugs: dapsone, Para-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA), quinidine.


Question: What kind of reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug is phototoxicity?

Answer: This is the most common type of sun-sensitivity drug reaction. It can occur when skin is exposed to the sun after certain medications are injected, taken orally, or applied to the skin. The drug absorbs the UV light, then releases it into the skin, causing cell death. Within a few days, symptoms appear on the exposed areas of the body. In some people, symptoms can persist up to 20 years after the medication is stopped.


Question: What kind of reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug is photoallergy?

Answer: In this case, problems occur when skin is exposed to the sun after certain medicines or compounds are applied to the skin's surface. The ultraviolet ( UV) light of the sun causes a structural change in the drug. This, in turn, causes the production of antibodies that are responsible for the sun-sensitivity reaction. The reaction usually includes an eczema-type rash, which often occurs a few days after exposure. The rash can also spread to parts of the body that were not exposed to the sun.


Question: What are common side effects of peginterferon for hepatitis C?

Answer: Side effects can include: Flu-like symptoms (headache, fatigue, fever, chills, muscle aches) Arthritis-like pain in back, joints Gastrointestinal problems (nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea) Insomnia Depression Low blood cell counts Talk to your doctor if you've had an organ transplant, or if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or plan to get pregnant while taking it.


Question: What are common side effects of Olysio for hepatitis C?

Answer: You have to take it along with ribavirin and/or interferon, and you'll probably be on it for 12 to 24 weeks.


Question: What are common side effects of Sovaldi for hepatitis C?

Answer: It will probably cause: Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, headache) Nausea Insomnia Low red blood cell count Itching Don't take St. John's wort while you're on this medication.


Question: What are common side effects of Harvoni for hepatits C?

Answer: Side effects usually include: Headache Fatigue Nausea Diarrhea Don't take it if you've had hepatitis B in the past.


Question: What are common side effects of ribavirin for hepatitis C?

Answer: You can expect to have: Flu-like side effects (fever, headache, chills, muscle aches) Gastrointestinal problems (low appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) Low blood cell counts Depression Insomnia Hair loss Sofosbuvir ( Sovaldi) with interferon and ribavirin Take this tablet at the same time every day with food.


Question: What are common side effects of Zepatier for hepatitis C?

Answer: You can expect to have: Fatigue Headache Skin reactions Low red blood cell count Gastrointestinal problems (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain) If you're also taking ribavirin ( Rebetol, Virazole), you could have joint pain, anemia, or feel depressed.


Question: What are common side effects of Mavyret for hepatitis C?

Answer: Side effects usually include: Headache Fatigue Nausea Diarrhea Don't take it if you've had hepatitis B in the past.


Question: Are side effects a problem with hepatitis C treatment?

Answer: Treatment now involves direct-acting antiviral drugs ( DAAs). These medicines are highly effective for most people with hepatitis C and are interferon-free and often ribavirin-free. This means they typically have fewer side effects. The treatments are often simpler, using fewer pills for a shorter amount of time. DAAs are available as either single drugs or combined with other medicines in one pill.


Question: How is high-intensity focused ultrasound used to treat prostate cancer?

Answer: This device produces sound waves that deliver heat energy to kill cancer cells. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.


Question: What does the type of treatment I receive for prostate cancer depend on?

Answer: The treatment you need will depend on a few things: Your age, health, and lifestyle How serious your prostate cancer is (how large the tumor is and if it has spread in your body) Your thoughts (and your doctor's opinion) about if you need to treat the cancer right away Possible side effects The chance that a treatment will help or cure your cancer The most common prostate cancer treatments are: Watchful waiting.


Question: What does waiting and observing early prostate cancer mean?

Answer: If you have a small, slow-growing tumor, you and your doctor may decide to wait until you have symptoms to initiate treatment. With active surveillance, you may have regular PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood tests, rectal exams, ultrasounds, and biopsies to see if the cancer is getting worse. If it starts to grow or spread, you can explore other treatments.


Question: Is prostate cancer usually treated with one or multiple types of treatment?

Answer: You may start with one of these treatments and change it, or your doctor might mix different treatments. You'll work together to find the best plan.


Question: What does surgery for prostate cancer consist of?

Answer: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. There are several types. Your doctor may only remove your prostate gland. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.


Question: How does cryotherapy for prostate cancer work?

Answer: If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. It's hard to say for sure how well it works. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.


Question: What is a prostate cancer vaccine and how does it work?

Answer: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.


Question: How is chemotherapy used for prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.


Question: What does radiation therapy for prostate cancer consist of?

Answer: This treatment uses high-energy beams (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer. It's often a choice for older men and for those with other health problems. You also might have it after surgery to get rid of any cancer cells left behind. It also helps for cancer that has spread to the bone. There are two types of radiation: External: A machine outside your body directs rays at the cancer. Internal (brachytherapy): A doctor does surgery to place small radioactive "seeds" into or near the cancer. Sometimes, a mix of both treatments works best.


Question: How does chemotherapy treat prostate cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.


Question: How do cancer vaccines treat prostate cancer?

Answer: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.


Question: How do bone-directed treatments help treat prostate cancer?

Answer: If the cancer reaches your bones, drugs called bisphosphonates can help ease pain and prevent breaks. Your doctor may also suggest a medication given in your veins that sends radiation directly to bones.


Question: When should you call a doctor about a splinter?

Answer: Most splinters do not need the care of a health care provider. See a health care provider if: You can't remove the entire splinter. The splinter is deep in the skin or the wound is bleeding heavily. The splinter is under a fingernail or toenail. The health care provider may need to cut a notch in the nail to remove the splinter.


Question: What happens after the GI tests?

Answer: You should be able to go back to your usual activities and normal diet immediately after your GI tests. Unless your doctor tells you to restrict fluids for another medical condition, drink plenty of water or juice -- eight to 10 glasses each day for 3 days -- to get the barium out of your colon. It's normal to have a white or light stool for up to 3 days after the test The barium enema you get during a lower GI test could leave you feeling weak or dizzy.


Question: How do you prepare for upper and lower GI tests?

Answer: Preparation for upper GI or lower GI tests usually includes following a low-fiber diet for 2 to 3 days before the test, not smoking for 12 to 24 hours before the test, not taking certain medications for up to 24 hours before the test, and not eating anything for 12 hours before the test.


Question: What are the risks for GI tests for the digestive tract?

Answer: There's almost no risk with the upper and lower GI tests, unless you have to repeat them several times within a few months. Although radiation exposure from these tests is minimal, it's still more than for standard still X-rays. But the technologists will take steps to minimize your exposure. Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. This is rare, but if it happens, you may need surgery.


Question: How can watching your posture prevent carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: While it's natural to focus on your wrist and hands, how you hold the rest of your body can also make a difference. Poor posture may cause you to roll your shoulders forward. This sets off a chain reaction that shortens your neck and shoulder muscles, crunches the nerves in your neck, and makes wrist problems worse.


Question: How does hand pressure affect carpal tunnel risk?

Answer: Many times, you may use more force than you need to get the job done. For instance, you might grip your tools too tightly when a firm hold is plenty. Or you may pound your computer keyboard when gentle keystrokes will do. As you go through your day, keep an eye on how tense your hands are and how much pressure you put on them. If you can back off even a little, your hands and wrists will thank you.


Question: How often should you take breaks from work to help prevent carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: Step away from your work to bend or stretch your hands. A 10- to 15-minute break every hour is ideal. This is especially important if you use tools that vibrate or make you apply a lot of force.


Question: How can changing your workspace help in preventing carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer: If your work triggers your symptoms, ask you manager about changing up your work space. You may be able to alter anything from your workstation setup to tool handles to how tasks get done to see if it helps your symptoms. You might also be able to trade off with co-workers so you can avoid the same task over and over. If you work at a computer, try these things: Adjust your keyboard position so you don't have to bend your wrists when you type. Keep your elbows close to your side as you type.


Question: What can I do if I'm anxious as a caregiver?

Answer: You may have a long list of concerns: â What if I'm not around when something goes wrong? What if I make a mistake?â Anxiety happens when we feel out of control. It's also a warning to pay attention and tend to your own needs. What you can do: Try to avoid focusing too much on what ifs. Keep your attention on things you can control, like making a backup plan for when you can't be around.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are good for a sore throat?

Answer: Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin can also ease the pain of a sore throat. Or you can suck on a lozenge or use a throat spray that contains a pain reliever such as benzocaine.


Question: What over-the-counter medicines are good for aches and pains from a cold?

Answer: There are two kinds of medicines made to treat minor aches and pains from a cold: Acetaminophen relieves headaches. It might also help open a stuffed nose. It's in many cough and cold products as well as in other medicines. Read all the labels and be sure to follow the dosing instructions carefully so you don't accidentally take too much. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin are good for aches and pains. If you take a blood-thinning drug, check with your doctor before you take aspirin. And don't give aspirin to kids or teens. It can raise their risk for a rare but serious disease called Reye syndrome.


Question: What are the side effects of adalimumab (Humira) and adalimumab-atto (Amjevita) for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Redness, swelling, itching, pain, rash, or bruising of the skin where you got the shot Upper respiratory or sinus infections Headache Nausea What are some other potential side effects? All biologics can have side effects, including infections like tuberculosis and sepsis. These drugs don't cause tuberculosis, but they may trigger it in people already exposed to it. A few people have gotten cancers like lymphoma.


Question: How is natalizumab (Tysabri) used to treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: Your doctor may recommend this drug if you have moderate to severe Crohn's disease with signs of inflammation. If you take it, you can't use other biologics or drugs that block your immune system. How it's given: Your doctor will give it to you through an IV.


Question: How is certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) used to treat Crohn's disease?

Answer: This drug also eases symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease and helps to keep them from returning. How it's given: A shot under your skin What are the most common side effects?


Question: Why should I see a doctor about uveitis?

Answer: What if it comes back?


Question: What are the symptoms of uveitis?

Answer: It can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may come on quickly. If you notice any of these, see an eye doctor right away: Change in vision Dark floating spots (floaters) Eye pain Eye redness Light sensitivity Swelling You'll need to see an eye doctor called an ophthalmologist.


Question: How does a doctor check your eyes for uveitis?

Answer: During eye exam, the doctor will: Test your vision to see if your eyesight has changed Measure the pressure in your eye Widen, or dilate, your pupils so she can look at the back of your eye Use a microscope and a thin beam of light to check different parts of your eye. This is called a slit lamp exam. She may dilate your eyes or use a special dye to make certain parts easier to see. She may also do blood tests, X-rays, or other lab tests to check for medical conditions that might be linked to uveitis.


Question: Who gets uveitis?

Answer: Adults between 20 and 60 years old are most likely to get it. How it affects you depends a lot on the cause and how quickly you get treated. You might only have minor problems with your sight. Or it could cause serious vision loss.


Question: How long will I have uveitis?

Answer: It all depends on what the root cause is and how quickly you get treatment. You may have one bout of uveitis, or it may come back again and again. Whatever the case, medicines can help ease pain, restore vision, and stop damage to your eye.


Question: How is uveitis diagnosed?

Answer: If you notice any of these, see an eye doctor right away: Change in vision Dark floating spots (floaters) Eye pain Eye redness Light sensitivity Swelling You'll need to see an eye doctor called an ophthalmologist. She'll give you an eye exam and ask you questions about your symptoms, like: Have you had any pain? Where? How is your vision? Have you noticed any changes? Is it hard for you to look at light or be in a bright place? Does anything make your symptoms better or worse? Have you injured your eye or your face recently? Do you have any other medical conditions?


Question: What are microbicides and how do they help in the treatment for genital herpes?

Answer: Microbicides are one option scientists are exploring in the search for new genital herpes treatments. Microbicides are chemicals that protect against infection by killing microbes (small organisms such as bacteria and viruses) before they enter the body. Two products show some promise -- tenofovir gel and si RNA nanoparticles -- microbicides that are applied to the vagina.


Question: What is an adenovirus infection?

Answer: The infections usually cause only mild symptoms and get better on their own in a few days. But they can be more serious in people with weak immune systems, especially children. These viruses are common in places with large groups of kids, such as day care centers, schools, and summer camps. They're very contagious.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose adenovirus infections?

Answer: Swab test: A nurse will use a cotton swab to get a sample of mucus from your child's nose. Stool test: You'll collect a sample of your child's poop at home and bring it to the doctor's office. Chest X-ray: Your child will lie still while a technician uses a small amount of radiation to take pictures of the inside of her chest.


Question: How can I keep my child from getting adenovirus infections?

Answer: Wash your child's hands -- and yours -- often during the day, and especially before meals. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if you don't have soap and water nearby. Clean surfaces, like sinks and counters, to get rid of germs. Don't let her swim in pools that aren't well maintained. Keep your child home when she's sick to avoid spreading adenoviruses to others.


Question: What are serious symptoms of adenovirus infection in children?

Answer: Call the doctor right away if your child has any of these more serious symptoms: Trouble breathing Swelling around his eyes Fever that doesn't go away after a few days Signs of dehydration, such as few tears or less wet diapers Your child's doctor may want to do a physical exam and possibly one or more of these tests to see if a virus or bacteria caused the infection: Blood test: A nurse will take a sample of your child's blood from a vein in his arm.


Question: What should I know about cleft lips and cleft palates?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cleft lip and cleft palate are facial and oral malformations that occur very early in pregnancy, while the baby is developing inside the mother. Clefting results when there is not enough tissue in the mouth or lip area, and the tissue that is available does not join together properly.


Question: How can speech problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Children with cleft lip or cleft palate may also have trouble speaking. These children's voices don't carry well, the voice may take on a nasal sound, and the speech may be difficult to understand. Not all children have these problems and surgery may fix these problems entirely for some. For others, a special doctor, called speech pathologist, will work with the child to resolve speech difficulties.


Question: Who gets cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, affects one in 700 babies annually, and is the fourth most common birth defect in the U. S. Clefts occur more often in children of Asian, Latino, or Native American descent. Compared with girls, twice as many boys have a cleft lip, both with and without a cleft palate. However, compared with boys, twice as many girls have cleft palate without a cleft lip.


Question: How do doctors treat a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient. Treatment usually begins in infancy and often continues through early adulthood.


Question: What is a cleft lip?

Answer: A cleft lip is a physical split or separation of the two sides of the upper lip and appears as a narrow opening or gap in the skin of the upper lip. This separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum.


Question: Who treats children with cleft lip and/or palate?

Answer: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient.


Question: How can eating problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: With a separation or opening in the palate, food and liquids can pass from the mouth back through the nose. Fortunately, specially designed baby bottles and nipples that help keep fluids flowing downward toward the stomach are available. Children with a cleft palate may need to wear a man-made palate to help them eat properly and ensure that they are receiving adequate nutrition until surgical treatment is provided.


Question: How can ear infections or hearing loss happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: Children with cleft palate are at increased risk of ear infections since they are more prone to fluid build-up in the middle ear. If left untreated, ear infections can cause hearing loss. To prevent this from happening, children with cleft palate usually need special tubes placed in the eardrums to aid fluid drainage, and their hearing needs to be checked once a year.


Question: What does prosthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: He or she may make a dental bridge to replace missing teeth or make special appliances called "speech bulbs" or "palatal lifts" to help close the nose from the mouth so that speech sounds more normal. The prosthodontist coordinates treatment with the oral or plastic surgeon and with the speech pathologist.


Question: Where can a cleft lip and a cleft palate occur?

Answer: Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible to have a cleft lip without a cleft palate, a cleft palate without a cleft lip, or both together.


Question: What does orthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: The purpose of this appointment is to assess facial growth, especially jaw development. After teeth erupt, an orthodontist can further assess a child's short and long-term dental needs. After the permanent teeth erupt, orthodontic treatment can be applied to align the teeth.


Question: What causes a cleft lip and cleft palate?

Answer: In most cases, the cause of cleft lip and cleft palate is unknown. These conditions cannot be prevented. Most scientists believe clefts are due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There appears to be a greater chance of clefting in a newborn if a sibling, parent, or relative has had the problem. Another potential cause may be related to a medication a mother may have taken during her pregnancy. Some drugs may cause cleft lip and cleft palate. Among them: anti-seizure/anticonvulsant drugs, acne drugs containing Accutane, and methotrexate, a drug commonly used for treating cancer, arthritis, and psoriasis. Cleft lip and cleft palate may also occur as a result of exposure to viruses or chemicals while the fetus is developing in the womb. In other situations, cleft lip and cleft palate may be part of another medical condition.


Question: What is a cleft palate?

Answer: A cleft palate can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth).


Question: What is the outlook for children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate?

Answer: Although treatment for a cleft lip and/or cleft palate may extend over several years and require several surgeries depending upon the involvement, most children affected by this condition can achieve normal appearance, speech, and eating.


Question: How many Americans are living with amputations?

Answer: About 1.8 million Americans are living with amputations. Amputation of the leg -- either above or below the knee -- is the most common amputation surgery.


Question: How will my doctor decide where to do the amputation?

Answer: A doctor may use several methods to determine where to cut and how much tissue to remove. These include: Checking for a pulse close to where the surgeon is planning to cut Comparing skin temperatures of the affected limb with those of a healthy limb Looking for areas of reddened skin Checking to see if the skin near the site where the surgeon is planning to cut is still sensitive to touch During the procedure itself, the surgeon will: Remove the diseased tissue and any crushed bone Smooth uneven areas of bone Seal off blood vessels and nerves Cut and shape muscles so that the stump, or end of the limb, will be able to have an artificial limb (prosthesis) attached to it The surgeon may choose to close the wound right away by sewing the skin flaps (called a closed amputation).


Question: How soon after amputation does physical therapy start?

Answer: Practice with the artificial limb may begin as soon as 10 to 14 days after surgery.


Question: What does long-term recovery and rehabilitation include after your amputation?

Answer: Ideally, the wound should fully heal in about four to eight weeks. But the physical and emotional adjustment to losing a limb can be a long process. Long-term recovery and rehabilitation will include: Exercises to improve muscle strength and control Activities to help restore the ability to carry out daily activities and promote independence Use of artificial limbs and assistive devices Emotional support, including counseling, to help with grief over the loss of the limb and adjustment to the new body image


Question: How long does amputation take?

Answer: Other causes for amputation may include: Severe injury (from a vehicle accident or serious burn, for example) Cancerous tumor in the bone or muscle of the limb Serious infection that does not get better with antibiotics or other treatment Thickening of nerve tissue, called a neuroma Frostbite An amputation usually requires a hospital stay of five to 14 days or more, depending on the surgery and complications. The procedure itself may vary, depending on the limb or extremity being amputated and the patient's general health.


Question: What is amputation?

Answer: Amputation of the leg -- either above or below the knee -- is the most common amputation surgery.


Question: What is recovery from amputation like?

Answer: Recovery from amputation depends on the type of procedure and anesthesia used. In the hospital, the staff changes the dressings on the wound or teaches the patient to change them. The doctor monitors wound healing and any conditions that might interfere with healing, such as diabetes or hardening of the arteries. The doctor prescribes medications to ease pain and help prevent infection.


Question: How can going back to school cause allergies in the fall?

Answer: Going back to school can also bring allergies in kids because mold and dust mites are common in schools.


Question: What are symptoms of fall allergies?

Answer: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Your doctor can help find out what's causing your watery, itchy eyes and runny nose.


Question: Can exercise help with constipation?

Answer: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. According to experts, exercise does more than tone your heart and other muscles. Exercise is essential for regular bowel movements. In fact, one of the key things that leads to constipation is inactivity.


Question: When is the best time to exercise to help relieve constipation?

Answer: Wait an hour after a big meal before doing any tough physical activity. After eating, blood flow increases to your stomach and intestines to help your body digest the food. If you exercise right after eating, blood flows away from your stomach and to your heart and muscles instead. Since the strength of your gut's muscle contractions depends on how much blood it has, less blood in the GI tract means weaker contractions and the food will move sluggishly through your intestines. This can lead to bloating, gas, and constipation. So after a big meal, give your body a chance to digest it before you start on that nature hike.


Question: What are signs of a dust mite allergy?

Answer: If you are sensitive or allergic to them, you may have: Watery, red eyes Runny or itchy nose and sneezing Sore throat or hoarse voice Coughing and other breathing problems Skin rash and itching Worsening of your asthma Dust mites settle down in carpet, draperies, stuffed animals, and upholstered furniture.


Question: What are some tips for using dust mite covers for mattresses and pillows to prevent allergies?

Answer: You can find dust mite covers for mattresses, pillows, and box springs at mattress and allergy supply stores and in a variety of materials. Plastic or vinyl covers with zippers help seal in allergens so you don't inhale them when sleeping. Plastic or vinyl covers are easier to keep clean than covers made of natural fibers. Many plastic covers have an outer layer of material like nylon to make them more comfortable. If possible, cover your mattress and pillows when they are new. Put duct tape or electrical tape over cover zippers to double-block dust-mites from coming and going.


Question: Where do dust mites live?

Answer: Dust mites are everywhere -- anywhere there are people or animals, warm temperatures, and high humidity. They like to be indoors, where they can get plenty of food like mold spores and dead skin cells from people and pets. If you are sensitive or allergic to them, you may have: Watery, red eyes Runny or itchy nose and sneezing Sore throat or hoarse voice Coughing and other breathing problems Skin rash and itching Worsening of your asthma Dust mites settle down in carpet, draperies, stuffed animals, and upholstered furniture. Mattresses, pillows, and soft bedding are favorite hangouts.


Question: How can I prevent a stroke?

Answer: Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Obesity Carotid or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (>65) Gender ( Men have more strokes, but women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control your risk factors. Sometimes, people experience warning signs before a stroke occurs. These are called transient ischemic attacks (also called TIA or "mini-stroke") and are short, brief episodes of the stroke symptoms listed above. Some people have no symptoms warning them prior to a stroke or symptoms are so mild they are not noticeable. Regular check-ups are important in catching problems before they become serious. Report any symptoms or risk factors to your doctor.


Question: What are uncontrollable risk factors for stroke?

Answer: Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Obesity Carotid or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (>65) Gender ( Men have more strokes, but women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control your risk factors.


Question: How does a stroke occur?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Knowing the signs of a stroke is the first step in stroke prevention. A stroke, sometimes called a "brain attack," occurs when blood flow to an area in the brain is cut off. The brain cells, deprived of the oxygen and glucose needed to survive, die. If a stroke is not caught early, permanent brain damage or death can result.


Question: What are the different types of stroke?

Answer: Ischemic stroke is similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. Clots can form in the brain's blood vessels, in blood vessels leading to the brain, or even in blood vessels elsewhere in the body and then travel to the brain. These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. Ischemic stroke can also occur when too much plaque (fatty deposits and cholesterol) clogs the brain's blood vessels. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells. The most common causes of hemorrhagic stroke are high blood pressure and brain aneurysms. An aneurysm is a weakness or thinness in the blood vessel wall.


Question: What should I do if someone has symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: The most common symptoms of a stroke are: Weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body Loss of vision or dimming (like a curtain falling) in one or both eyes Loss of speech, difficulty talking, or understanding what others are saying Sudden, severe headache with no known cause Loss of balance or unstable walking, usually combined with another symptom Immediately call 911 if you or someone you know has symptoms of a stroke. Stroke is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can save your life or increase your chances of a full recovery.


Question: What are controllable risk factors for strokes?

Answer: Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Obesity Carotid or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (>65) Gender ( Men have more strokes, but women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control your risk factors.


Question: What causes dandruff?

Answer: Skin cells that grow and die off too fast are the problem. Exactly why that happens isn't clear. A very common fungus called malassezia may contribute to dandruff. This fungus lives on the scalp of most healthy adults without causing any problems. One theory is that the immune system of someone with dandruff may overreact to that fungus. Dandruff may get worse when you're stressed or sick. Cold, dry winters can trigger dandruff or make it worse, too.


Question: What are the health effects of nightmares in adults?

Answer: Nightmares become much more than bad dreams when they have a significant effect on your health and well-being. Among people who experience nightmares, those who are anxious or depressed are more likely to be distressed about the experience and suffer even more psychological ill effects. Although the relationship is not understood, nightmares have been associated with suicide. Because nightmares may have a significant impact on your quality of life, it's important to consult a medical professional if you experience them regularly. Sleep deprivation, which can be caused by nightmares, can cause a host of medical conditions, including heart disease, depression, and obesity. If nightmares in adults are a symptom of untreated sleep apnea or post-traumatic stress disorder, the underlying disorders can also have significant negative effects on physical and mental health.


Question: Is a CT scan painful or dangerous?

Answer: The test can help your doctor rule out other causes of your pain, such as: A brain tumor An infection of the brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, a condition called hydrocephalus A sinus blockage Injuries A bulging, weak part of a brain artery, called an aneurysm, or bleeding in the brain The test is painless. To get the scan, you'll lie on a table. You may get a shot of "contrast material" into one of your veins, which will help doctors see parts of your brain more clearly on the image. Be sure to tell the doctor or nurse if you've had an allergic reaction to contrast material in the past. Your doctor will also need to check your kidney function before using contrast. The dyes have iodine, which can cause a reaction in some people.


Question: How should someone prepare for their CT scan?

Answer: Don't eat anything 4 hours before your test. Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor. Plan for your test to take at least an hour. Most scans take from 15 to 60 minutes. Ask your doctor any questions you have before the scan.


Question: When might I need a CT scan to diagnose my headache?

Answer: You might need one if you have headaches daily or almost every day or have a sudden onset severe headache. Doctors can't diagnose migraines with the test, though.


Question: What happens before a CT scan?

Answer: You may need to change into a hospital gown, because snaps and zippers in street clothes can interfere with the scan. You also may need to take off your watch, rings, or jewelry. It's a good idea to leave your valuables, including jewelry, at home. If you get a shot of contrast material, you may feel flushed, or you may have a metallic taste in your mouth.


Question: How does a CT scan help with migraines and headaches?

Answer: The test can help your doctor rule out other causes of your pain, such as: A brain tumor An infection of the brain, called an abscess The buildup of fluid in the brain, a condition called hydrocephalus A sinus blockage Injuries A bulging, weak part of a brain artery, called an aneurysm, or bleeding in the brain The test is painless.


Question: Should I tell my doctor if I am pregnant before I have a CT scan?

Answer: The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. But if you are or think you may be pregnant, let the doctor know -- X-rays can be harmful to a growing baby.


Question: What happens after the CT scan?

Answer: Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor.


Question: How should I prepare for a CT scan?

Answer: Don't eat anything 4 hours before your test. Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor. Plan for your test to take at least an hour. Most scans take from 15 to 60 minutes. Ask your doctor any questions you have before the scan.


Question: What happens after a CT scan?

Answer: Keep taking your medications as usual after you check with your doctor.


Question: What happens during the CT scan?

Answer: If you get a shot of contrast material, you may feel flushed, or you may have a metallic taste in your mouth. These are common reactions. If you have shortness of breath or any unusual symptoms, tell the person who's giving you the test -- the technologist. The technologist will help you lie in the correct position on the examining table. The table will then automatically move into place for imaging. It's very important that you lie as still as possible during the procedure. Movement could blur the images. The technicians may ask you to hold your breath briefly at some points when they're taking the X-ray images.


Question: What does the CT scanner use to diagnose migraines and headaches?

Answer: The CT scanner uses X-rays, but the amount of radiation you get from them is kept to a minimum. But if you are or think you may be pregnant, let the doctor know -- X-rays can be harmful to a growing baby. A child who needs to have a CT scan should get it at a facility that often works with children, so that the lowest possible dose of radiation can be used.


Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) treated?

Answer: When treatment is sought, behavioral therapy or psychotherapy in individual or group settings may help. Doctors sometimes use certain psychiatric medications like mood stabilizers or some atypical antipsychotics to treat symptoms like impulsive aggression. The FDA has not approved any medications specifically for antisocial personality disorder.


Question: How is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosed?

Answer: To be diagnosed with ASPD, a person would have to have shown symptoms before age 15. A diagnosis can't be made until age 18, though. Symptoms are usually at their worst during a person's late teenage years and in their 20s, but may improve on their own over time. The disorder is hard to treat. People with ASPD rarely seek help on their own, because they often think they don't need it.


Question: What are symptoms of hammertoes?

Answer: The most common complaint with hammertoes is rubbing and irritation on the top of the bent toe.


Question: What is vitamin D important for your health?

Answer: It keeps your bones strong by helping your body absorb calcium and phosphorus, key minerals for bone health. Your muscles use it to move, and nerves need it to carry messages throughout your body.


Question: How much vitamin D should you get?

Answer: The amount you need depends on your age: 600 IU (international units) a day for people ages 1 to 70, including women who are pregnant or breastfeeding 800 IU a day for anyone over 70 Some experts think that these recommendations are too low, especially for people who are more likely to get the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis.


Question: How are placebos used?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Researchers use placebos during studies to help them understand what effect a new drug or some other treatment might have on a particular condition. For instance, some people in a study might be given a new drug to lower cholesterol. Others would get a placebo. None of the people in the study will know if they got the real treatment or the placebo. Researchers then compare the effects of the drug and the placebo on the people in the study.


Question: Is the placebo effect real?

Answer: The fact that the placebo effect is tied to expectations doesn't make it imaginary or fake. Some studies show that there are actual physical changes that occur with the placebo effect.


Question: What increases your chances of getting tongue cancer?

Answer: Other things that may raise your chances of getting tongue cancer include: Tobacco use Alcohol use Jagged teeth Not taking care of your teeth and gums Your genes also may play a role in whether you're likely to get tongue cancer.


Question: What is tongue cancer?

Answer: This is one of several kinds of oral (mouth) cancers. Like other cancers, it happens when cells divide out of control and form a growth, or tumor.


Question: Other than surgery, how is tongue cancer treated?

Answer: If the cancer is on the back of your tongue, you may have radiation therapy ( X-rays and other radiation). Sometimes the best treatment is a combination of chemotherapy, or cancer-fighting drugs, and radiation. You might need therapy afterward to help you chew, move your tongue, swallow, and speak better. You'll need regular checkups to make sure the cancer hasn't come back.


Question: How is tongue cancer prevented?

Answer: We know that many cases of base-of-the-tongue cancer are caused by HPV. Some things that may make you less likely to get this type of cancer are: If you're not sexually active, get vaccinated for HPV. If you are sexually active, use latex condoms every time you have sex. Don't use tobacco in any form. Avoid heavy or frequent alcohol use. Take good care of your teeth and gums.


Question: Does tongue cancer require surgery?

Answer: Your treatment will depend on where your tumor is and how big it is. Surgery is often the best way to remove a tumor from the part of your tongue you can see. Your doctor will probably take out some healthy tissue and nearby lymph nodes as well, to make sure all the cancer is gone.


Question: How does tongue cancer develop?

Answer: This is one of several kinds of oral (mouth) cancers. Like other cancers, it happens when cells divide out of control and form a growth, or tumor. There are two types. One is called oral tongue cancer because it affects the part you can stick out. The other happens at the base of your tongue, where it connects to your throat. This type is often diagnosed after it has spread to the lymph nodes in your neck. Tongue cancer is less common than many other types. Most people who get it are older adults. It's rare in children.


Question: What are the types of tongue cancer?

Answer: There are two types. One is called oral tongue cancer because it affects the part you can stick out. The other happens at the base of your tongue, where it connects to your throat. This type is often diagnosed after it has spread to the lymph nodes in your neck.


Question: What is the treatment for tongue cancer?

Answer: Your treatment will depend on where your tumor is and how big it is. Surgery is often the best way to remove a tumor from the part of your tongue you can see. Your doctor will probably take out some healthy tissue and nearby lymph nodes as well, to make sure all the cancer is gone. If the cancer is on the back of your tongue, you may have radiation therapy ( X-rays and other radiation). Sometimes the best treatment is a combination of chemotherapy, or cancer-fighting drugs, and radiation. You might need therapy afterward to help you chew, move your tongue, swallow, and speak better. You'll need regular checkups to make sure the cancer hasn't come back.


Question: How can you prevent tongue cancer?

Answer: We know that many cases of base-of-the-tongue cancer are caused by HPV. Some things that may make you less likely to get this type of cancer are: If you're not sexually active, get vaccinated for HPV. If you are sexually active, use latex condoms every time you have sex. Don't use tobacco in any form. Avoid heavy or frequent alcohol use. Take good care of your teeth and gums.


Question: What causes tongue cancer?

Answer: The human papillomavirus ( HPV) can cause cancers on the base of the tongue. HPV also can infect your genital area and cause cervical cancer, penile cancer, and anal cancer. It's the most common sexually transmitted infection. There are many types of HPV. The ones that raise your odds of getting cancer are called high-risk HPV.


Question: What is a certified registered nurse anesthetist?

Answer: He assists your anesthesiologist and monitors you before, during, and after your operation to make sure you get the right amount of pain medicine.


Question: How does a surgical team track your health during the surgery?

Answer: They'll probably use: A clip on your finger to measure your oxygen levels A cuff on your arm to check blood pressure Pads on your chest to keep tabs on your heart rate Before the surgery starts, a nurse cleans your skin with an antiseptic to help prevent infections.


Question: What is a surgical tech?

Answer: He sets up the tools your surgeon will use and makes sure they're sterile.


Question: What is an anesthesiologist?

Answer: Your anesthesiologist gives you medicine to prevent pain.


Question: What is an operating room nurse?

Answer: He helps the surgeon during your procedure. For instance, he may pass instruments and supplies during the operation.


Question: How can you deal with freezing due to Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Have someone place their foot in front of you, or visualize something you need to step over, to get moving again.


Question: What aids can help with Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Purchase a small battery-powered alarm pillbox to help you remember your medication schedule. Use a speaker phone or telephone headset to ease the problem of hand tremors while talking on the phone. Install an intercom system or purchase walkie-talkies to make contact within the home easier.


Question: How can periods of rest help manage Parkinson's disease?

Answer: You may need to plan at least one rest period every day. If you have swelling in your feet or ankles, elevate your legs when you are resting or sitting for prolonged periods. Avoid working long days. Rest between recreation and leisure activities.


Question: How can conserving energy help manage Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Using less energy with daily tasks can help you have more energy to do more activities during the day. You may need to cut down on some of your activities or use energy-saving devices or techniques. If daily self care or home care activities are too tiring, discuss this with your doctor.


Question: How can you prevent drooling from Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Suck on hard candy, lozenges, or gum to control excess saliva. Use a straw when drinking to strengthen the muscles of the lips, mouth, and throat.


Question: What are some bathing tips if you have Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Use a shower chair if necessary. Use a hand-held hose for showering and bathing. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. Use soap-on-a-rope, bath mitts, or sponges with soap inside or a soft soap applicator instead of bar soap. Use lukewarm water, as very hot water can cause fatigue. Sew straps on towels to make them easier to hold while drying. Place a non-skid rug on the floor outside the tub to dry your feet so you don't slip. Put a towel on the back of your chair and rub your back against it to dry.


Question: What are tips for standing up if you have Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Bend slowly at the waist and touch your toes before trying to rise from a seated position. Once standing, remain in place for a few seconds before trying to walk. This will help you regain your balance. Place an additional cushion or book to add height to your chairs and add firmness, this will help you to decrease the distance when sitting or standing. To make it easier to get out of bed, tie a sheet to the bed post and knot the other end so you can grasp the sheet to rise to a sitting position.


Question: What are shopping tips for Parkinson's disease?

Answer: Call ahead to make sure the store has the item you need. Call ahead to reserve a wheelchair or tri-wheel cart if you aren't planning to bring your own.


Question: If you have eczema, why is it important to shower after you exercise?

Answer: You want to get sweat, chlorine, and other irritants off your body as soon as possible. Just remember to: Keep showers and baths short, and use lukewarm, not hot, water Use a gentle, hydrating, nonfragranced cleanser, not soap Pat your skin dry with a soft towel Put on your usual lotion and any prescription treatments you have No matter how careful you are, your eczema may flare up sometimes.


Question: How can you guard against sweat as you work out when you have eczema?

Answer: The salt and acidity in perspiration can dry out your skin and make it sting. You can take steps to minimize it. Wipe off sweat as you work out. Always keep a towel with you. But don't use your shirt! If you do, all that sweat will still be touching your skin. When you work out indoors, use a fan. It helps sweat evaporate.


Question: How can wearing the right clothing as you exercise help when you have eczema?

Answer: Your workout gear needs to be light and breathable so sweat can evaporate off your body, and loose so it lets out heat and doesn't rub against your skin.


Question: What other health problems can sleep apnea cause?

Answer: High blood pressure.


Question: What do lacto-vegetarians eat?

Answer: There are also pescatarians, who eat fish and seafood; and lacto-vegetarians, who eat dairy products but not eggs.


Question: What is a vegetarian?

Answer: The simplest definition of vegetarianism is a diet free of meat, fish, and fowl flesh. But eating habits of vegetarians cover a wide spectrum. At one end are lacto-ovo vegetarians, who avoid animal flesh but eat eggs and milk products. At the other end are vegans, who forgo eating (and often wearing) all animal-based products, including honey.


Question: Can I drink alcohol on diabetes medications?

Answer: You shouldn't drink alcohol if you take some drugs, including metformin. When you have type 2 diabetes, you might feel the effects of alcoholic drinks more than other people. So use caution if you drink.


Question: What types of insulin are used to treat diabetes?

Answer: Types of insulin include: Insulin aspart ( Novo Log) Insulin degludec ( Tresiba) Insulin detemir ( Levemir) Insulin lispro ( Humalog) Insulin glargine ( Basaglar, Lantus, Toujeo) Insulin glulisine ( Apidra) Insulin isophane ( Humulin N, Novolin N) Take Your Meds the Right Way Follow your doctor's directions.


Question: What is the best way to take and store drugs for diabetes?

Answer: Types of insulin include: Insulin aspart ( Novo Log) Insulin degludec ( Tresiba) Insulin detemir ( Levemir) Insulin lispro ( Humalog) Insulin glargine ( Basaglar, Lantus, Toujeo) Insulin glulisine ( Apidra) Insulin isophane ( Humulin N, Novolin N) Take Your Meds the Right Way Follow your doctor's directions. You'll need to take some drugs with food to help ease side effects. It's also important to follow your pharmacist's instructions about how to store your medicine.


Question: Which diabetes medicines are GLP-1 receptor agonists?

Answer: GLP-1 receptor agonists: These include: Dulaglutide ( Trulicity) Exenatide ( Byetta) Extended-release exenatide ( Bydureon) Liraglutide ( Victoza) Lixisenatide ( Adlyxin) Semaglutide ( Ozempic) These tell your body it needs to make more insulin and slows down digestion to make you feel full. Meglitinides: This type of medication includes: Nateglinide ( Starlix) Repaglinide ( Prandin) They help your body make more insulin.


Question: Which diabetes medicines are meglitinides?

Answer: Meglitinides: This type of medication includes: Nateglinide ( Starlix) Repaglinide ( Prandin) They help your body make more insulin. You take these drugs before your meals.


Question: Which diabetes medicines are SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer: SGLT2 inhibitors: Your doctor may prescribe: Canagliflozin ( Invokana) Dapagliflozin ( Farxiga) Empagliflozin ( Jardiance) They help your kidneys get rid of extra glucose by removing it from your blood and putting it into your urine.


Question: Which diabetes medicines are thiazolidinediones?

Answer: Thiazolidinediones: These include: Pioglitazone ( Actos) Rosiglitazone ( Avandia) They help insulin work better in your muscles or fat tissues. They also let your liver make less sugar.


Question: Why would I need to take insulin to treat diabetes?

Answer: Other: Pramlintide ( Symlin) Treatment Options for Diabetes Insulin This helps move blood sugar into your body's cells so you can use it for energy and stay healthy. If you need to take insulin, don't feel like you've failed to manage your diabetes. Every person's body is different. If you've had type 2 diabetes for a long time, have very high blood sugar, or have other health problems that make it hard for you to control your glucose, you might need to take insulin along with your pills.


Question: How are bile acid sequestrant pills used to treat diabetes?

Answer: Examples include: Acarbose ( Precose) Miglitol ( Glyset) Bile acid sequestrant pills like colesevelam ( Welchol): They lower levels of LDL "bad" cholesterol in your body, and they also seem to lower glucose. If you have liver problems and can't take other diabetes pills, you might be able to take this drug safely.


Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about changing doctors?

Answer: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. Give him a copy of the summary you've been taking to appointments, and make sure you transfer all of your medical records.


Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up tests?

Answer: What types of screenings you have and how often you get them will depend on the type and stage of cancer you had and the treatments you got. You'll likely need check-ups three to four times a year during the first two or three years after treatment and one or two times a year after that. These might include: A physical exam.


Question: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should my primary care doctor know?

Answer: Your oncologist will usually start out as your main contact. He'll be the one to give you a schedule for screenings and tests. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point. If that happens, be sure to give your doctor a summary of your cancer treatment that includes: Your follow-up plan from your oncologist Names and doses of all your chemotherapy drugs or other medicines The dates and specifics of your diagnosis (including cancer stage and other details) Any side effects or complications of treatment Types and dates of all surgeries and locations where they were done Dates and amounts of radiation and where it was done Contact info for all of your doctors You also should keep a copy of this summary.


Question: What imaging tests are used in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest an ultrasound test, magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), or X-rays. An ultrasound can see if your spleen is enlarged. An MRI can look for changes in bone marrow that can be signs of myelofibrosis. X-rays can show changes in bone density that may be a sign of the disease.