Question: What can diabetics learn from diabetes education?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions.


Question: What can you do to be accountable for your exercise to help with diabetes?

Answer: Chart out a routine -- the days, times, and length of your workout sessions. Keep a log of your exercise and your blood sugar levels, too. That will help you track your progress and see how your workouts are making a difference. It will also make you more accountable for times you miss a session or when you might not have done enough. And you can start to see patterns, like days, times, or types of exercise that work better for you. If you've never been able to wake up early to spend an hour at the gym before work, that shouldn't be your plan now. Doctors recommend 30 to 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity almost every day, but you don't have to find time to do it all at once. Break it up into 10- or 15-minute sessions. Try new ways to freshen up your workout: Switch it up.


Question: What can you do to stick to a workout routine for diabetes?

Answer: But don't set goals you know you can't meet. If you've never been able to wake up early to spend an hour at the gym before work, that shouldn't be your plan now. Feel like a hamster on the treadmill? Try a new exercise class. Tired of the gym? Ride your bike outside. Simple tweaks like that can pull you out of your funk, test different muscles, and lower your risk of injury. Find a friend. Talking to a workout buddy helps the time pass. They can also motivate you to stick to your plan. Make it fun. If you enjoy being outdoors, take a hike. Like the water? Do some laps at the pool. Even if you're a couch potato, park the exercise bike in front of the TV or stream shows on your smartphone. Working out doesn't have to be a chore.


Question: How can talking to your doctor help you exercise for diabetes?

Answer: Cranking up the treadmill or hitting the heavy weights right away isn't a good idea if you haven't exercised in a while, or ever. It might even be dangerous. If you take insulin or other diabetes medication, physical activity may make your blood sugar to drop too low. That will help you track your progress and see how your workouts are making a difference.


Question: How can I keep from getting bored with my exercise routine?

Answer: If you've never been able to wake up early to spend an hour at the gym before work, that shouldn't be your plan now. But don't give up! Try new ways to freshen up your workout: Switch it up. Feel like a hamster on the treadmill? Try a new exercise class. Tired of the gym? Ride your bike outside. Simple tweaks like that can pull you out of your funk, test different muscles, and lower your risk of injury. Find a friend. Talking to a workout buddy helps the time pass. They can also motivate you to stick to your plan. Make it fun. If you enjoy being outdoors, take a hike. Like the water? Do some laps at the pool. Even if you're a couch potato, park the exercise bike in front of the TV or stream shows on your smartphone. Working out doesn't have to be a chore.


Question: What can happen if you forget to take your birth control pills?

Answer: Some newer pills have only 2 inactive pills or even no inactive pills in the pack. It's best to take the pills at the same time every day. If you forget to take a birth control pill, take it as soon as you remember. If you are taking a pill with drospirenone, talk with your doctor about your risk.


Question: Is it OK to take other drugs while taking birth control pills?

Answer: The drugs are still available. Tell your doctor about all of the medications and over-the-counter agents (including herbs) that you take.


Question: How do mini birth control pills work?

Answer: Hormones in the woman's body control the release of the egg from the ovary -- called ovulation -- and prepare the body to accept the fertilized egg. Hormonal contraceptives also change the cervical mucus to make it difficult for the sperm to go through the cervix and find an egg. Hormonal contraceptives can also prevent pregnancy by changing the lining of the womb so it's unlikely the fertilized egg will be implanted. A pill is taken every day.


Question: What if I forget to take a birth control pill?

Answer: If you forget to take your pills for two days, take two pills the day you remember and two pills the next day. You will then be back on schedule. If you miss more than two pills, call your doctor. You may be told to take one pill daily until Sunday then start a new pill pack or to discard the rest of the pill pack and start over with a new pack that same day. Any time you forget to take a pill, you must use another form of birth control until you finish the pill pack. When you forget to take a pill, you increase the chance of releasing an egg from your ovary. If you miss your period and have forgotten to take one or more active pills, get a pregnancy test. If you miss two periods even though you have taken all your pills on schedule, you should get a pregnancy test. If you miss a pill or are more than three hours late for a pill you should take the pill as soon as you remember and use a backup method (such as a condom or spermicide) for the next 48 hours.


Question: What are birth control pills?

Answer: These hormones work to inhibit the body's natural cyclical hormones to prevent pregnancy. Other extended-cycle pills, such as Seasonique and Lo Seasonique use a different configuration of the same hormones.


Question: How is narcissistic personality disorder diagnosed?

Answer: Many professionals use the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a list of 40 questions that measures things such as how much attention and power someone craves. Personality disorders are longstanding, ingrained, dysfunctional patterns of thinking, behaving and relating to other people that can show up as early as age 8, when children start to become aware of how people react to them. People with narcissistic personality disorder tend not to perceive that they themselves may have a mental health problem, and thus may be less likely to see evaluation or treatment. A recent study at Ohio State University says many people readily admit to being a narcissist. Researchers say they're probably proud of it and don't see looking out for No. 1 as a flaw. There aren't drugs to treat this mental disorder, but depression and anxiety sometimes go hand in hand with narcissism, and there are helpful drugs for those conditions.


Question: How can end-stage heart failure cause more bathroom visits?

Answer: You may have trouble nodding off to sleep, or you might wake up in the middle of the night gasping for air. That's one way your body can get rid of that extra fluid. With advanced heart disease, it's even more likely you'll make frequent bathroom trips.


Question: How can end-stage heart failure cause sleep problems?

Answer: Heart failure can make it hard to breathe when you walk up a flight of stairs. You may have trouble nodding off to sleep, or you might wake up in the middle of the night gasping for air. Try sleeping while propped up on two or more pillows instead of lying flat. Advanced heart failure makes it even more likely you'll have trouble breathing when you're at rest. That means your bedtime problems will probably get worse, too.


Question: What happens when you have end-stage heart failure?

Answer: Your heart pumps blood around your body to supply all of your organs with oxygen. Your ticker may not be strong enough to gather enough oxygen from your lungs, or to pump oxygen-rich blood around your body. Either way, heart failure causes health problems and must be treated by a doctor. Drugs and lifestyle changes may help you lead a more active life than you'd be able to without treatment. Over time, if your health gets worse, you may learn that you have advanced heart failure, also known as end-stage heart failure. It means the treatments you've used in the past to keep your health stable no longer work. When your heart isn't pumping the amount of blood it should, it can try to make up for the loss by going faster.


Question: What is recovery from a laminectomy like?

Answer: Depending on the extent of your surgery, you may need help getting out of bed and walking for up to a few days after the laminectomy. Most people can return to driving in one to two weeks; your surgeon will let you know when it is safe to get back on the road. You'll need to limit your activities that include bending, stooping, or lifting for several weeks after your laminectomy. Your doctor will remove your stitches or staples after about two weeks. You may not know if the surgery reduced your back pain until about six weeks or more after the laminectomy.


Question: Does having a fever when you're sick weaken your immune system?

Answer: What you do every day can help, or hamper, your immune system. A fever can help your immune system fight infections in two ways. A higher temperature in the body speeds up the functioning of cells, including the ones that fight illness. They can respond to invading germs faster. Also, higher body temperatures make it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive in the body.


Question: Why does the health of your immune system matter?

Answer: A fever can help your immune system fight infections in two ways. Also, higher body temperatures make it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive in the body.


Question: Are allergies caused by the immune system?

Answer: While some people may still get the flu after having a flu shot, they'll probably have a milder form of the illness. Also, higher body temperatures make it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive in the body. People can inherit a tendency toward allergies; if you have allergies, your children have a greater chance of also having allergies, although they may be allergic to different things. Allergies are treated by avoiding your allergy triggers and taking medication to control symptoms. For some people, allergy shots may be an option. Over a period of time, usually several years, allergy shots may help your immune system get used to the allergen, so that it doesn't produce the bothersome allergy symptoms.


Question: Does your diet affect your immune system?

Answer: What you do every day can help, or hamper, your immune system. While no single food will upgrade your immune system, poor nutrition can have a negative effect on the immune system. What counts is having a balanced diet. Just about everyone could stand to eat more fruits and vegetables. If you're thinking about getting supplements to cover your nutritional needs, check with your doctor or a dietitian.


Question: What causes stress incontinence?

Answer: Stress incontinence ( SI) is the most common type of incontinence suffered by women, especially older women. That causes the leakage of urine. Things that can cause these changes include: Pregnancy and childbirth Menstruation Menopause Pelvic surgery Problems with muscles in the bladder -- the organ that holds urine -- and the urethra Weakened muscles around the bladder In cases of stress incontinence, the muscles in the pelvis can weaken. This can cause the bladder to drop down into a position that prevents the urethra from closing completely.


Question: Who is most likely to commit suicide?

Answer: White men over the age of 65 have the highest rate of suicide. People in certain professions, such as police officers and health care providers who work with terminally ill patients People with substance abuse problems Although women are three times as likely to attempt suicide, men are far more likely to complete the act. Research suggests that the best way to prevent suicide is to know the risk factors, be alert to the signs of depression and other mental disorders, recognize the warning signs for suicide, and intervene before the person can complete the process of self-destruction. People who receive support from caring friends and family and who have access to mental health services are less likely to act on their suicidal impulses than are those who are socially isolated.


Question: If I have psoriasis, can my dry skin cause skin cracks?

Answer: When you have psoriasis, you have patches of thick red skin. This helps prevent infection. They can dry you out.


Question: If I have psoriasis, can I apply medicated lotion on my skin cracks?

Answer: You're out and about when your skin splits. To help existing wounds heal -- and prevent new ones -- you need to can the inflammation that causes the swelling. The first line of treatment is a corticosteroid lotion, cream, or ointment. They're available over the counter or as a prescription in higher doses. Put it on once or twice a day. Don't use it for more than 3 weeks without your doctor's permission.


Question: What happens during a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy?

Answer: Your Gleason score isn't a separate test. The biopsy takes about 10 minutes. You can get it done in your urologist's office. You will be awake for it. In the most common type of biopsy, your doctor places a device called an ultrasound probe in your rectum. It gives off sound waves that bounce off your prostate and create a black and white image on a video screen.


Question: How can women over 50 make exercise a part of their daily routine?

Answer: If you're too busy for a regular workout, look for other ways to be in motion. Research shows that all those extra steps you take during the day add up to big health benefits. Here are some ideas to get you on your feet: Adopt a dog and take it for walks every day. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Take it outside and make it a walking meeting. Walk briskly whenever you can.


Question: What should I expect about my adolescent child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Toddlers: Since young kids are often picky eaters, you'll need to talk to your child's doctor about his diet. Adolescents: Once kids turn 12, they're usually able to monitor their blood sugar without help. But since they're also becoming more independent of you and social with their friends, they may be less likely to do so. It's important for you to stay involved. As a child's body changes during puberty, the diabetes may become harder to control.


Question: How can I encourage my child with type 1 diabetes when I am not around?

Answer: With time, he can take an active part in his own care. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. Before field trips and sports activities, tell the adult in charge about your child's condition and how to care for him in case of an emergency. Make sure your child has permission to go to the bathroom, eat, and drink fluids as he needs. Before play dates, talk to the other child's parent and let her know about your child's condition. For peace of mind on sleepovers, pack twice the supplies your child needs. Have him check in with you during the evening to go over his levels and to let you know how he's feeling.


Question: How can I lower the risk of cardiovascular disease for my child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Together you can decide whether to let your toddler graze on food throughout the day or stick to regular healthy meals and snacks. As early as age 3, some kids are ready to start checking their own blood glucose levels. But he still needs plenty of support. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. It's important for you to stay involved.


Question: What are some tips for taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Contact your doctor; do not treat the rash yourself. Therefore, people on ACE inhibitors should regularly have blood tests to measure potassium levels. Avoid over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs like Aleve and Motrin). Have your blood pressure and kidney function checked regularly, as advised by your doctor, while taking this drug. Never stop taking your medication, even if you feel that it is not working, without discussing it with your doctor first.


Question: Can children take ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Women should not take ACE inhibitors during pregnancy, especially during their second and third trimesters. Thus, they are at higher risk of having severe side effects from the drug. Before giving this drug to children, parents are encouraged to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their pediatric cardiologist (heart doctor).


Question: What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Sore throat, fever, mouth sores, unusual bruising, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and swelling of feet, ankles and lower legs. High potassium levels.


Question: What is pudendal neuralgia?

Answer: It happens when a major nerve in the lower body is damaged or irritated, and it can make it hard to use the bathroom, have sex, or sit down. The pain comes and goes. It's not clear exactly how many people have this condition, but experts believe it's rare. You usually feel pudendal neuralgia symptoms in your lower body, genitals, or perineum (the area between your genitals and anus).


Question: What causes pudendal neuralgia?

Answer: It can happen when you're injured, have surgery, or give birth. A tumor or an infection can squeeze or irritate it. And sometimes, certain types of exercise, like spending a lot of time on a bicycle, can cause the problem. This can ease pressure that may irritate the pudendal nerve.


Question: How is depersonalization disorder treated?

Answer: The primary symptom of depersonalization disorder is a distorted perception of the body. Most people with depersonalization disorder who seek treatment are concerned about symptoms such as depression or anxiety, rather than the disorder itself. In many cases, the symptoms will go away over time. Treatment usually is needed only when the disorder is lasting or recurrent, or if the symptoms are particularly distressing to the person. The best treatment approach depends on the individual and the severity of his or her symptoms. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is usually the treatment of choice for depersonalization disorder.


Question: What is intercourse pain?

Answer: In addition to the physically painful sex, there is also the possibility of negative emotional effects. So the problem should be addressed as soon as it arises. These problems may include fibroids that can cause deep intercourse pain.


Question: How much should I exercise after cancer treatment to stay healthy?

Answer: It boosts your mood and makes you less likely to get anxious or depressed. It should help you handle physical problems like pain, exhaustion, and diarrhea. It could make your cancer less likely to return and help you live longer. Always talk to your doctor before you start a new routine. Regular doctor visits (cancer-related and otherwise) are important.


Question: Is it okay to drink after ending cancer treatment?

Answer: It's one of the best things you can do to improve your health and lower your odds of several cancers. It's also linked to other problems, like anxiety and sleep troubles. Limit the amount you drink (ask your doctor how much is safe for you) or stop altogether.


Question: How can men stay vital as they age?

Answer: If you have ED, talk to your doctor about having your cholesterol checked. Medications that help you lose weight, along with those that treat conditions caused by extra weight (from high blood pressure to aches and pains), can also cause ED. Among those reasons are stress and depression. If you're taking one, talk to your doctor about switching to a different drug to see if things get better.


Question: If youâre overweight and want help with erectile dysfunction (ED), you may want to check your:

Answer: But it is clear that this hormone helps to boost the sex drive. Obesity has been shown to lower testosterone in men. If something blocks that blood from getting or staying where it needs to be, you won't get or maintain an erection. Among those reasons are stress and depression. Some antidepressants can cause ED. Sex therapy can also help your partner cope with the sexual problems you're going through as a couple. Not only will regular exercise burn calories and lower stress, it may lower your risk of ED.


Question: What are the risks of taking grape seed extract?

Answer: No one knows what the highest safe dose is. Grape seed extract comes from grapes. Side effects. If you have a bleeding disorder or high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before you start using grape seed extract. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using grape seed extract. It could interact with drugs like blood thinners, NSAID painkillers (like aspirin, Advil, and Aleve), certain heart medicines, cancer treatments, and others. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, grape seed extract is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: What should you know about grape seed extract?

Answer: Although fairly new to the U. S., grape seed extract is now used to treat a number of diseases. Doses of between 100-300 milligrams/day have been used in studies and are prescribed in some European countries. Grape seed extract comes from grapes.


Question: How much grape seed extract should you take?

Answer: Grapes -- along with their leaves and sap -- have been traditional treatments in Europe for thousands of years. No one knows what the highest safe dose is.


Question: Can you get grape seed extract naturally from foods?

Answer: Grape seed extract is derived from the ground-up seeds of red wine grapes. There are no other food sources.


Question: What is a colonoscopy?

Answer: All these things can move and stretch your colon, so you might feel uncomfortable for a day or two after the exam. If you take them, be sure to tell your doctor before you go in for your procedure.


Question: Is a colonoscopy safe?

Answer: On average, two serious complications occur for every 1,000 procedures performed. If it does, your doctor may need to repair it with surgery.


Question: Can you have a bad reaction to anesthesia in a colonoscopy?

Answer: It saves lives, so if your doctor suggests you get one, be sure you do. You may feel woozy or shaky when you wake up. In rare cases, some people can have serious reactions to the medications such as heart or breathing problems. But your doctor and her team are trained to identify and treat these side effects. Tell her if you're allergic to any medicines or have ever had a bad reaction to anesthesia.


Question: What causes a retinoblastoma?

Answer: Cells called retinoblasts grow until they form her retina. The cells don't stop growing and a tumor forms on her retina. The tumor may grow until it fills the inside of her eyeball. A little less than half of all cases are inherited. That means the gene that makes the cells grow is passed from parent to child. Inherited forms of retinoblastoma are more likely to come back years after treatment.


Question: What is a retinoblastoma?

Answer: A retinoblastoma is a cancerous tumor on a part of your child's eye called the retina. It sounds scary, but it's highly curable if you catch it early. Most of the time retinoblastomas only affect one eye.


Question: What are signs of gum disease that can happen as you get older?

Answer: Signs of gum disease include: Bleeding when you brush your teeth Gums that recede, or pull back from your teeth Loose teeth Bad breath The best way to keep your gums in good shape is to take good care of your teeth. Brush twice a day and floss every day. See your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings. If you smoke, quit. The best way to prevent this is to stop smoking and drink alcohol only in moderation.


Question: Will I get pregnant if I miss a pill?

Answer: The moment you realize it can be scary, but it doesn't necessarily mean you'll get pregnant. No matter which kind you use, it's crucial to take them exactly as prescribed, even on the days you don't have sex. Talk to your doctor if you just had a baby or are breastfeeding and want to take the birth control pill.


Question: What are mini-pills birth control pills?

Answer: Combined pills contain two hormones, estrogen and progestin. If you're taking mini-pills, it's very important to take all 28 pills at the exact same time every day. If you're late taking a pill by just 3 hours, you have to use a backup method of birth control, such as a condom.


Question: When can I start taking the pill again after pregnancy?

Answer: You got busy and forgot to take your birth control pill. You need to take it for at least a few days before it becomes effective. Remember, the pill doesn't protect against HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases, so you need to continue to use condoms every time you have sex, especially with new partners, to stay safe.


Question: What triggers a herpes outbreak?

Answer: Some commonly reported triggers include: Stress Illness Surgery Vigorous sex Diet Monthly period Your doctor can diagnose genital herpes by visual inspection if the outbreak is typical and by examining a sample from the sore(s). Once a person has the virus, it remains in the body.


Question: What are possible complications in surgery for spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. All surgeries carry a chance of complications, including those involved with getting anesthesia. People who smoke, are elderly or overweight, have diabetes, or have several medical problems at once have a higher chance of complications. For spinal stenosis, specific risks include: Possible infection, bleeding, or blood clots A tear in the membrane that covers the spinal cord Nerve damage Some people need to stay in the hospital for a couple of days afterward.


Question: What is recovery like after surgery for spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. Some people may go home the same day or the day after. Once you're home, it can take 3 months or more to fully recover, especially if spinal fusion was part of your procedure. Your doctor probably will tell you to start walking and doing other exercises to strengthen your back. Most people have good results from surgery and are able to return to a normal lifestyle after they heal. People tend to have less leg pain and can walk better afterward.


Question: What types of surgery are used to treat spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. Three common types of spinal stenosis surgery include: Laminectomy. This is the most common one. Your doctor takes out the bone, spurs, and ligaments that are putting pressure on your nerves. She makes either a single, large cut or several small ones. Spinal fusion. Doctors sometimes do this along with a laminectomy. It involves joining vertebrae together to reduce movement within your spine. Foraminotomy. In this procedure, a surgeon expands the portion of the vertebrae where the nerve roots branch out to the rest of your body.


Question: How does age and gender affect your risk of anal cancer?

Answer: By contrast, some135,730 people are predicted to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the U. S. in 2017, and about 50,260 people are predicted to die of the disease the same year. Prior to age 35, anal cancer is more common in men. However, after age 50, anal cancer is slightly more common in women.


Question: Who is prone to get anal cancer?

Answer: By contrast, some135,730 people are predicted to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the U. S. in 2017, and about 50,260 people are predicted to die of the disease the same year. In this subgroup, the prognosis is worse, than for non-immunocompromised patients.


Question: Who is most likely to get anal cancer?

Answer: By contrast, some135,730 people are predicted to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the U. S. in 2017, and about 50,260 people are predicted to die of the disease the same year. Prior to age 35, anal cancer is more common in men. However, after age 50, anal cancer is slightly more common in women.


Question: What are hemorrhagic stroke symptoms?

Answer: And that sets off trouble like memory loss, confusion, and numbness on one side your body. Hemorrhagic stroke symptoms usually increase gradually over minutes or a few hours, although a subarachnoid hemorrhage may come on suddenly. Some things that can happen: Intense headache that some people describe as "the worst headache they've ever had" Confusion Nausea or throwing up Sensitivity to light Problems with vision Passing out You're more likely to have this type of stroke if you: Are over age 65 Have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes that's not under control Are obese Had a stroke in the past Have a family history of strokes Smoke Eat unhealthy foods Don't exercise A hemorrhagic stroke can cause complications like: Seizures Memory and thinking problems Heart problems Swallowing problems and trouble eating and drinking


Question: How should I give insulin to my child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: That means you or your child will need to check her levels often to figure out how much insulin is needed. There are different kinds and different ways of giving it to your child. Insulin pens look similar to writing instruments. You dial up the correct dose and attach a needle that you use to inject insulin into the body.


Question: Why should you drink lots of fluids when you're sick?

Answer: When your throat aches, it’s not as easy to gulp down liquids. But when you stay hydrated, you can thin your mucus and break up congestion. It can also fend off headaches. That can make your cold symptoms worse.


Question: Why shouldn't you skimp on sleep when you're sick?

Answer: One study found that people who get less than 6 hours of shut-eye a night are four times more likely to get sick than those who log at least 7. So go to bed early and take naps during the day. Are your symptoms keeping you up? Soothe a nighttime cough with a little honey, and run a humidifier to help you breathe easier. A hormone your body makes when you’re stressed is hard on the immune system.


Question: Why shouldn't you power through when you're sick?

Answer: Don’t keep up with your usual routine. Make rest a priority. Cancel those plans and stay home from work or school. Along with helping your body recover, you’ll also keep from spreading those germs around. That can make your cold symptoms worse.


Question: Why shouldn't you insist on an antibiotic when you're sick?

Answer: Nearly one-third of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary. This can raise your risk of side effects, such as diarrhea and allergic reactions. It also contributes to a huge global health problem: antibiotic resistance. That’s when bacteria get used to the drugs, so they don’t work anymore. Calories and nutrients will fuel the immune cells that attack cold and flu viruses. That can make your cold symptoms worse.


Question: What mistakes do people make when they get sick?

Answer: You try to power through. You ignore flu symptoms. You skimp on sleep. You bug your doctor for an antibiotic.


Question: What causes erectile dysfunction in younger men?

Answer: Erectile dysfunction in younger men. The sexual difficulties may also be linked to these factors: Depression Fatigue Stress Feelings of inadequacy Personal sexual fears Rejection by parents or peers Sexual abuse in childhood


Question: What can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: If you've ever had a urinary tract infection, you know how painful and frustrating they can be, especially if they keep coming back. The simplest way to prevent a UTI is to flush bacteria out of the bladder and urinary tract before it can set in. Skip douches, deodorant sprays, scented powders, and other potentially irritating feminine products. Some doctors also advise women who get a lot of UTIs to wear cotton underwear, take showers instead of baths, and avoid tight clothes that can trap bacteria near the urethra.


Question: What can I do at home after hip replacement surgery?

Answer: There are a few simple measures that you can take to make life easier when you return home after hip replacement surgery, including: Keep stair climbing to a minimum. Make the necessary arrangements so that you will only have to go up and down the steps once or twice a day. Sit in a firm, straight-back chair. To help avoid falls, remove all throw rugs and keep floors and rooms clutter free. Use an elevated toilet seat. This will help keep you from bending too far at the hips. You should ask your doctor before returning to such activities as driving, sexual activity, and exercise.


Question: What activities should I avoid after hip replacement surgery?

Answer: For anywhere from six to 12 months after hip replacement surgery, pivoting or twisting on the involved leg should be avoided. You should also not cross the involved leg past the midline of the body nor turn the involved leg inward and you should not bend at the hip past 90 degrees. Remember, by not following your therapist's recommendations you could dislocate your newly replaced hip joint and may require another surgery. Even after your hip joint has healed, certain sports or heavy activity should be avoided.


Question: What technique is used during a hip replacement surgery?

Answer: The main difference between the two procedures is the size of the incision. While most hip replacement surgeries today are performed using the standard technique (one 8 to 10 inch cut along the side of the hip), in recent years, some doctors have been using a minimally-invasive technique. In the minimally-invasive approach, doctors make one to two cuts from 2 to 5 inches long. The small cuts are thought to lessen blood loss, ease pain following surgery, shorten hospital stays, reduce scar appearance, and speed healing.


Question: What are possible complications from getting a stent?

Answer: These can include aspirin, which usually must be taken indefinitely, and clopidogrel ( Plavix), prasugrel ( Effient), or ticagrelor ( Brilinta), which are usually prescribed for at least 1 and up to 12 months. Scar tissue or plaque can also form in the area of your stent. This can cause your artery to narrow again over a period of months. Your doctor may call this restenosis. If it happens, another stent can often solve the problem. In some cases, coronary artery bypass surgery may be needed. This is where a blood clot forms in a stent one or more years after it's implanted.


Question: How is fibromyalgia diagnosed from tender points?

Answer: These spots are much more sensitive than other nearby areas. Your doctor can test the painful tender points during a physical exam. But you also need to tell her about the exact pain you feel in those areas. Tell her about your other symptoms of fibromyalgia, too, such as deep muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep problems. To get an official diagnosis of fibromyalgia, you must feel widespread pain for at least 3 months.


Question: How should I prepare for oral surgery?

Answer: Find out the risks and benefits of what you're having done. If you're getting sedation, including nitrous oxide, you'll need someone to drive you home. If you're going to be sedated,don't eat or drink anything, including water, after midnight of the evening before your surgery. It'll help nurses take your vital signs, give you your IV, or put blood pressure cuffs on you so they can monitor you during the surgery. Have a container with you to store dentures, partial plates, or removable bridgework while the procedure is being performed. On the big day, arrive at least 20 minutes early.


Question: How can support groups help with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Psychotherapy (counseling) can help someone with ADHD learn better ways to handle their emotions and frustration. These groups are helpful for adults with ADHD or parents of children with ADHD.


Question: What questions should parents ask their child's pediatrician about precocious puberty?

Answer: Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate. What tests are you going to use to determine if my child has precocious puberty? Do you see any signs to suggest this is caused by a tumor or some other medical condition? What options are available to treat this condition? What are the side effects? How long do you recommend my child stay on this treatment? How will I know if the treatment is working or not working? What local services are available to help me support my child's emotional well-being?


Question: How do doctors diagnose early puberty?

Answer: Your pediatrician will probably start out asking a lot of questions about the child's development and both parents' medical history. A physical exam allows the doctor to compare the child's development to his or her actual age. An X-ray of the child's wrist can help determine how quickly the bones are maturing.


Question: How does early puberty occur in boys?

Answer: Rarely, early puberty is the first sign of a serious medical condition like a tumor or neurological disorder. Later changes include the development of pubic hair, underarm hair, and acne.


Question: What should you do if you think your child has precocious puberty?

Answer: Parents concerned about their children's development can compare their child's age to how old they were when they started puberty. Often puberty simply starts early for no apparent medical reason. Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate.


Question: Can surgery treat an overactive bladder (OAB)?

Answer: Before starting any OAB treatment, however, it's important to understand bladder function and what factors may cause overactive bladder. This can increase capacity in the bladder and lessen contractions. Another procedure implants a small device, similar to a pacemaker, under the skin. The device is connected to a wire, which sends small electrical pulses to nerves around the pelvic floor that control the bladder and muscles surrounding it.


Question: How difficult is it to live with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: How tough? A 2015 survey from the American Gastroenterological Association found that 47% of people with IBS would give up their cell phone just to feel 1 month of relief from their symptoms. In about a third of cases of this digestive disorder, people also get diarrhea. That's known as IBS- D. Let your doctor know about your symptoms -- even if talking about them feels uncomfortable -- because there are more treatment options than ever. In some cases, over-the-counter medicines like loperamide ( Imodium) can improve diarrhea symptoms for people with irritable bowel syndrome.


Question: What is alosetron and how is it used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: For a long time, this was the only prescription medication approved to treat the condition. It can help relieve stomach pain and slow your bowels to relieve diarrhea. It may have fewer side effects, but more research is needed.


Question: What steps are involved in filling a tooth?

Answer: First, the dentist will use a local anesthetic to numb the area around the tooth to be filled. Next, a drill, air abrasion instrument, or laser will be used to remove the decayed area. Once the decay has been removed, the dentist will prepare the space for the filling by cleaning the cavity of bacteria and debris. If the decay is near the root, your dentist may first put in a liner made of glass ionomer, composite resin, or other material to protect the nerve. Generally, after the filling is in, your dentist will finish and polish it. Several additional steps are required for tooth-colored fillings and are as follows. After your dentist has removed the decay and cleaned the area, the tooth-colored material is applied in layers. Next, a special light that "cures" or hardens each layer is applied. When the multilayering process is completed, the dentist will shape the composite material to the desired result, trim off any excess material, and polish the final restoration.


Question: What types of filling materials are available?

Answer: Several additional steps are required for tooth-colored fillings and are as follows. Teeth can be filled with gold; porcelain; silver amalgam (which consists of mercury mixed with silver, tin, zinc, and copper); or tooth-colored, plastic, and materials called composite resin fillings. There is also a material that contains glass particles and is known as glass ionomer. This material is used in ways similar to the use of composite resin fillings.


Question: How do I choose safe toys for my children?

Answer: Follow these tips for choosing safe and appropriate toys for children: Select toys to suit the age, abilities, skills, and interest level of the intended child. For infants, toddlers, and all children who still mouth objects, avoid toys with small parts, which could pose a fatal choking hazard. Never give young children small balls or balloons. How small is too small? Avoid toys that have sharp edges and points, especially for children under age 8. Avoid toys with strings, straps, or cords longer than seven inches. Check toys that make loud noises, which may damage young ears.


Question: Where do I go to get help for stress?

Answer: Take responsibility for the situation. Your doctor can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If the situation is an emergency, call a crisis hotline or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: What should you do if there's a chance you have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's easy to forget or not care about safe sex. You might be able to take medicine to stop the infection. You need to start within 72 hours, and sooner is better for it to work. It's not like a morning-after pill. The treatment lasts for several weeks, and there can be serious side effects. But it could keep you from getting HIV.


Question: What safe sex practices can lower your chance of getting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?

Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. A female condom, called a vaginal pouch, also protects against HIV. Oral sex without a condom or dental dam isn't safe, but it's far less risky than unprotected vaginal or anal sex. Don't have unprotected sex outside marriage or a committed, exclusive relationship. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.


Question: How can you prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy?

Answer: It's easier for you to get a cold than it is to get HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. You can lower your risk a lot by using a latex or polyurethane condom when you have sex. You'll still need to try to prevent contact with the virus.


Question: How do you catch the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. When either person's penis, vagina, or anus gets involved with the other's -- or a mouth -- there's a chance of passing HIV. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.


Question: What complications can happen after open-heart maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Open-heart maze is major surgery. You run the risk of: Pneumonia Heart attack or stroke New heart rhythm problems Because it's surgery, there is a slim chance you might die from having a maze procedure.


Question: What are types of ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Surgical ablationâinvolves cutting into your chest. Your recovery and the results you can expect will depend on which procedure you have. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.


Question: How do you prepare for ablation?

Answer: The night before, you should stop eating and drinking after midnight and wash with antibacterial soap. Your doctor will give you specific instructions for the kind of ablation you're having. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.


Question: How is a saliva test done to measure cortisol?

Answer: Your results will show the level of cortisol in your blood at the time of the test. You'll do it at night, before you go to bed. That's because cortisol levels tend to be lowest between 11 p.m. and midnight. A high cortisol level near midnight can signal a disorder. You can purchase salivary cortisol tests at drugstores. In addition to the tests listed above, your doctor may order other blood tests to pinpoint the cause of your abnormal cortisol levels.


Question: How should my 2-year-old baby eat?

Answer: Let your child feed herself and choose what she eats. If your child doesn't like a particular food, keep offering it. She may change her mind later. At this stage, your child should be eating about 3 meals and 2 healthy snacks a day. Don't worry if your child doesn't eat much at times. Most of the time, it should balance out. Give your child plenty of opportunities to be active.


Question: How do I know if I have skin cancer?

Answer: Depending on the suspected type of skin cancer, the biopsy techniques vary slightly but crucially. Any potential melanoma requires a surgical biopsy, in which the entire growth is removed with a scalpel if possible. A pathologist then studies the sample under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present. Skin growths that are most likely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or other forms of non-melanoma can be biopsied in various ways.


Question: What are the treatments for hair loss?

Answer: For cosmetic purposes, or after hair loss from surgical or drug treatments, many people turn to wigs, hairpieces, and hair weaving. Some people get tattoos to simulate lost eyebrows and eyelashes. Some people may benefit from the following hair loss treatments: Minoxidil ( Rogaine). Rogaine works on hair follicles to reverse their shrinking process to stimulate new hair growth.


Question: How does fiber help people with diabetes?

Answer: Fiber helps control blood sugar. You get fiber from plant foods, so plan to eat more of these foods: Fresh fruits and vegetables Cooked dried beans and peas Whole-grain breads, cereals, and crackers Brown rice Bran products Nuts and seeds Although it's best to get fiber from food sources, fiber supplements can also help you get the daily fiber you need. It's also important to also increase the amount of liquids that you drink.


Question: How do you safely dispose of unused medication?

Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.


Question: What medications can I throw out?

Answer: DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets. Most other drugs can be disposed of with your household garbage. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.


Question: When is the peak season of West Nile virus (WNV)?

Answer: Mosquitoes are most plentiful in late summer. West Nile season usually peaks in August and September. Even in areas where the virus is circulating, very few mosquitoes are infected with the virus.


Question: What is the first step in finding palliative care?

Answer: The palliative care team will work with your other doctors. In most cases, patients receive palliative care in the hospital. But other health care settings offer palliative care, too, including assisted living facilities, nursing homes, outpatient clinics, and hospices. However, on rare occasions, a primary care doctor might hesitate to make a referral.


Question: What can you do to prevent diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)?

Answer: The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. Eat healthy. Keep your weight in a healthy range. Limit how much salt you eat. Visit your doctor regularly.


Question: How is diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) treated?

Answer: Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems. That can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to trouble including blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels. Find out from your doctor what your prescribed medicines might do. Other drugs known commonly as "water pills" or diuretics help your body get rid of extra fluid.


Question: What can you do as a parent to take care of your child with a learning disability?

Answer: Learning disabilities have nothing to do with how smart a person is. These tips can also help you help your child: 1. Learn everything you can. Get all the facts about your child's learning disability and how it affects the learning process. Research services and supportive strategies so that you'll be able to take an active role in deciding on the right treatment for your child. Be your child's advocate. Work with your child's school to develop an IEP ( Individualized Education Plan) -- a special plan that sets goals for your child and describes support that may be needed to reach those goals. Understand special education laws and school policies so you can make sure your child is getting the most out of school. Many services may be available, but they may not be offered until you ask for them. A child who gets plenty of sleep at night, eats a balanced diet, and gets plenty of exercise is a healthier child, both mentally and physically. Pay attention to your child's mood. Learning disabilities can be bad for a child's self-esteem. Keep an eye out for symptoms of depression, such as moodiness, changes in sleep or appetite, or loss of interest in their usual activities.


Question: How is a learning disability diagnosed?

Answer: There are many different kinds of learning disabilities, and they can affect people differently. Also, many children try to hide the problem. You may not notice anything more obvious than frequent complaints about homework or a child who doesn't want to go to school.


Question: What is an auditory processing disorder?

Answer: A learning disability is a problem that affects how a person receives and processes information. It is not caused by hearing impairment. People with this disorder may have trouble: Learning to read Distinguishing sounds from background noise Following spoken directions Telling the difference between similar-sounding words Remembering things they've heard Visual Processing Disorder.


Question: What is a learning disability?

Answer: People with learning disabilities may have trouble with any of the following: Reading Writing Doing math Understanding directions Learning disabilities are common. Dyslexia affects how a person processes language, and it can make reading and writing difficult.


Question: How can a learning disability affect you?

Answer: Rather, a person with a learning disability may just see, hear, or understand things differently. That can make everyday tasks, such as studying for a test or staying focused in class, much more difficult. There are strategies a person can learn to make it easier to cope with these differences. Dyscalculia affects a person's ability to do math.


Question: What are challenges of parenting a child with a learning disability?

Answer: Many parents find the process of diagnosing a learning disability incredibly frustrating, and then once the diagnosis comes, they face an uphill battle to get their child the help he or she needs. Be your child's advocate.


Question: What is urine?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pee is your body's liquid waste, mainly made of water, salt, and chemicals called urea and uric acid. Your kidneys make it when they filter toxins and other bad stuff from your blood. Always check with your doctor if your pee is pink or red.


Question: How often should you pee?

Answer: This can also be a side effect of medications like the antibiotic rifampin or a drug for urinary tract infections ( UTIs) called phenazopyridine. Depending on the color, it could also be a sign that you're dehydrated or that there's a problem with your liver or bile duct. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.


Question: What does it mean if my pee smells strong?

Answer: Pee doesn't usually have a strong smell. But some foods -- especially asparagus, which has a smelly sulfur compound -- can change the odor. So can vitamin B-6 supplements. When you're dehydrated and your pee gets very concentrated, it can smell strongly of ammonia. If you catch a whiff of something really strong before you flush, it might also be a sign of a UTI, diabetes, a bladder infection, or metabolic diseases. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.


Question: What are the three major types of hepatitis?

Answer: There are three major types of hepatitis, and all of them affect your liver. This type won't lead to long-term infection and usually doesn't cause any complications. Your liver heals in about 2 months. You can prevent it with a vaccine. Hepatitis B. Most people recover from this type in 6 months. Sometimes, though, it causes a long-term infection that could lead to liver damage. Once you've got the disease, you can spread the virus even if you don't feel sick. You won't catch it if you get a vaccine. Hepatitis C. Many people with this type don't have any symptoms. About 80% of those with the disease get a long-term infection. It can sometimes lead to cirrhosis, a scarring of the liver. There's no vaccine to prevent it.


Question: What are some possible complications of gettting breast implants?

Answer: While some people feel that platinum could be harmful, the FDA says that studies have not found that it poses any risk in breast implants. Surgical differences. Some studies suggest that breast implants can make breastfeeding more difficult or impossible. They may prevent a woman from producing milk. Breast implants can also interfere with the accuracy of mammograms that screen for breast cancer.


Question: What are the different topical lotions and shampoos for treating head lice?

Answer: Permethrin lotion 1% (also known as Nix) is another over-the-counter product that only kills lice, but not eggs, and will require repeat treatment in nine to 10 days. Prescription treatments include: Malathion lotion 0.5% (also known as Ovide) is a prescription medication that is approved for head lice and can kill some eggs. Directions and precautions for use must be strictly followed. Lindane shampoo 1% is not approved for lice treatment anymore, since in young children, it can attack and damage the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Spinosad ( Natroba) is topical and applied to the scalp. It is not approved for use on children under age 4. Another treatment is a topical lotion called Sklice. A comb is not required with Sklice and one treatment may be all that's needed. The active ingredient is ivermectin, a powerful parasite killer. Sklice can be used in children as young as 6 months. If used improperly, it can attack and damage the brain and other parts of the nervous system.


Question: How often should you see your dentist about bad breath?

Answer: Brush your teeth, gums, and tongue with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day. Your dentist can spot and treat bad breath causes such as gum disease. Ask your dentist about other potential solutions for halitosis. For example, for dry mouth, your dentist might recommend artificial saliva. Also talk to your dentist before buying halitosis kits or products for controlling bad breath. If changes you make don't help, the dentist may refer you to a doctor to see whether an underlying health problem could be causing the bad breath. You can also go over a list of your medications with the doctor to see if any of them could be contributing to the problem.


Question: How can I get rid of bad breath?

Answer: Health problems: Sometimes bad breath can signal a larger health problem, such as: Sinus infection Chronic lung infection Liver or kidney disease Gastrointestinal problems Diabetes There are a number of simple things you can try to get rid of bad breath. Change what you eat and drink. Drink more water. Suck on sugar-free mints if your mouth tends to get dry. Avoid tobacco use of any kind. Brush your teeth, gums, and tongue with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day. Floss at least once a day. Rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash twice a day. If you wear dentures, remove them while you sleep. Clean braces and retainers as directed by your dentist.


Question: Can alpha-hydroxy acids help  treat wrinkles?

Answer: These are the so-called "fruit acids" and include glycolic and lactic acid. The improvement they produce is, however, relatively subtle. Glycolic acid peels.


Question: How can autoimmune blistering disorders be diagnosed?

Answer: The places on your body where blisters form depends on which disorder you have. You might get one or more of these tests: Blister biopsy. Your doctor removes a piece of the blister and looks at it under a microscope. A biopsy can show where the skin layers have separated. Direct immunofluorescence. A chemical is placed on the skin biopsy sample. The type of antibodies in your skin can show which type of blistering disorder you have. Blood test. This test can show how severe your condition is.


Question: Is it normal to have constipation?

Answer: So if you're dealing with tummy troubles, you're not alone. Most of the time it doesn't last long, and simple changes can help your digestive system run smoothly again. It's not always easy to find time to be active, but try these tips: Start exercising about 20 minutes, 3 days a week, and build up to at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week.


Question: When should you consider a fiber supplement for your constipation?

Answer: So if you're dealing with tummy troubles, you're not alone. Are you getting enough fiber? Just be sure to talk with your doctor before you use them as they can make some medications not work as well.


Question: When should I call the doctor about multiple sclerosis (MS) or stroke?

Answer: Always get medical help if you have any doubts about whether it's a stroke or MS. It takes experience to learn how to tell the conditions apart. Even then, it may not be clear. Given how serious a stroke can be, you're better safe than sorry. If it is a stroke, you don't have time to wait. Quick treatment can save your life and help prevent long-term problems. If it turns out to just be an MS relapse, that's important for your doctor to know, too. It could be a sign to make some changes in how you manage your MS. MS flares may need to be treated in the hospital with IV steroids. If you have problems like diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol, your risk is higher. Your doctor can help you get those under control.


Question: What is the difference between multiple sclerosis (MS) and strokes?

Answer: Two very different conditions, but they can look and feel alike. That's because they both harm your brain. The symptoms of MS and strokes can be close enough that even doctors don't always get it right. It's important to know the difference. While you can wait to talk to your doctor about an MS flare-up, waiting to get treatment for a stroke can be a matter of life and death. The common ground for MS and strokes is the symptoms they cause. Depending on which part of the brain they affect, both can make you: Feel confused or have changes in the way you think and focus Get dizzy and lightheaded Get a headache Feel numb or weak in your arms, face, or legs Have speech problems, like slurring Find it hard to walk Have problems seeing It may not be easy. You know your body best.


Question: Can a test show the difference between multiple sclerosis (MS) and strokes?

Answer: If you have any doubts, call 911 right away. You may be able to use that experience as a way to tell the difference between a flare-up and the symptoms of a stroke. Even then, it may not be clear.


Question: How can you avoid ear problems on a plane?

Answer: You could even lose your hearing for a while. Avoid air travel and diving when you have a cold, a sinus infection, or allergy symptoms. To avoid it, keep your ears dry during and after swimming. Try not to clench your teeth.


Question: Can adults get ear infections?

Answer: You don't have to have an infection, or even anything wrong with your ears, to have ear pain. This is the most common cause of ear pain.


Question: What should I do after an asthma attack?

Answer: They include: Coughing a lot, especially at night Trouble sleeping Losing your breath Hard to breathe after exercise Feeling cranky Lower PEF numbers, from your peak flow meter Follow the steps in your asthma action plan. You'll probably feel tired and worn out. For the next few days, you're more likely to have another flare, too. Pay attention for warning signs. Take care of yourself. Avoid your triggers.


Question: What are signs of an asthma attack?

Answer: All of this makes it hard to breathe. You may have: Short, shallow, fast breaths A whistling sound when you breathe, especially out A cough that won't go away Squeezed feeling in your chest Use your rescue inhaler. Try to stay calm. Signs of worsening asthma include: Feeling panicky Wheezing when you breathe both in and out Inability to stop coughing Having trouble talking or walking Getting a tight neck and chest muscles Having a pale, sweaty face Follow the " Red Zone" or emergency instructions in your asthma action plan.


Question: What are early warning signs of an asthma attack?

Answer: Just before or at the very start of an attack, you may notice changes that can tip you off. They include: Coughing a lot, especially at night Trouble sleeping Losing your breath Hard to breathe after exercise Feeling cranky Lower PEF numbers, from your peak flow meter Follow the steps in your asthma action plan. You may be able to stop the episode or keep it from getting bad. Follow your asthma action plan closely.


Question: When should I go to the doctor for xanthelasma?

Answer: Even though it won't hurt you, xanthelasma could be a sign that you're more likely to get heart disease. They'll either stay the same size or grow over time. The growths may also be linked to other heart disease risks, like: Diabetes High blood pressure Obesity Smoking If you notice growths on your eyelids and want them removed, see a dermatologist or an aculoplastics surgeon. Also get your primary care doctor to check your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other heart risks.


Question: When should you go to the doctor about xanthelasma?

Answer: Even though it won't hurt you, xanthelasma could be a sign that you're more likely to get heart disease. They'll either stay the same size or grow over time. Also get your primary care doctor to check your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other heart risks.


Question: Can I get pregnant after menopause?

Answer: Having your doctor measure your follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) level is another way to see if you are near menopause. But, continue using contraception until your doctor determines that you truly are postmenopausal.


Question: What underlying conditions can cause back pain?

Answer: You may hear the term âmechanicalâ low back pain. Possibilities include: An inflammatory disease like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis Osteoporosis (bones losing to density as you age; may lead to fractures) Scoliosis (curved spine) Endometriosis, which occurs when tissue from the uterus grows in other parts of the body Back pain can also be a sign of a serious underlying condition that needs attention right away.


Question: How are degenerated disks associated with back pain?

Answer: Disks. If your abdominal and back muscles are weak, they don't do as good a job of supporting the structure of your spine.


Question: When should you call the doctor about low back pain?

Answer: If your back pain is short-term -- meaning it lasts a few days or a few weeks -- doctors call it âacute.â If it has gone on for 3 months or more, it's considered chronic. But you should call the doctor if: Your pain is constant or intense, especially at night or when you lie down. Your pain spreads down one or both legs. You feel numbness or tingling in one or both legs. You're losing weight without trying. Go to the emergency room right away if you have any of these symptoms: Pain after a fall, car crash or sports injury Fever Trouble controlling your bowels or bladder


Question: How can getting professional help from a mental health therapist treat stress and psoriasis?

Answer: If you don't feel like you are, or if you have doubts about your treatment plan, see another doctor. A therapist can help you manage some of the hard emotional issues that stem from life with psoriasis. A therapist can also teach you useful ways to calm stress.


Question: How does stigma of psoriasis cause stress?

Answer: Stress can make psoriasis worse, and psoriasis can make you stressed. Any aspect of being social can be stressful, from going on a date to shaking someone's hand.


Question: How can getting treatment help with stress and psoriasis?

Answer: But it can also be the best cure for both your stress and psoriasis. If you have good control of your condition, you get rid of the core cause of your stress. Treatment.


Question: How can I handle my emotions related to diabetes and nerve pain?

Answer: Try deep breathing and other relaxation techniques like meditation. Set reachable goals. Don't try to overdo things on good days. Learn to pace yourself. Don't put yourself down. If you do, just notice that you're being harsh, and think of something positive about yourself instead. Join a chronic pain support group.


Question: Is it normal to have emotional reactions to diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: When you live with nerve pain from peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes, it's normal to feel down sometimes. Your doctor may prescribe medications that treat depression.


Question: How should I involve my partner with the emotional effects of diabetic nerve pain?

Answer: Also consider trying psychotherapy if you're diagnosed with depression. Also discuss what's good, and be frank about what you need. Make time to be by yourselves, too. Take a bath together, go for a walk, or just hold each other in bed. If you're having sexual problems, consider seeing a counselor or sex therapist.


Question: How do I take my baby's temperature?

Answer: Other symptoms associated with fever in babies include: Poor sleeping Poor eating Lack of interest in play Less active or even lethargic Convulsions or seizures You can take a child's temperature a few different ways, such as via the rectum (rectally), mouth (orally), ear, under the arm (axillary), or at the temples. Mercury thermometers should not be used because they pose a risk of mercury exposure and poisoning if they break. Rectal thermometers provide the most accurate temperature readings, and can be easiest to take in an infant. Typically, babies can't hold an oral thermometer in place, and the reading of an ear, temporal, or underarm thermometer are not as accurate. Hold the digital thermometer in place for about two minutes until you hear the "beep."


Question: Why would my child's doctor suggest ear tubes?

Answer: If other treatments aren't working, they can provide relief for your child. They also prevent long-term hearing problems. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground. Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped.


Question: How do ear tubes for ear infections help?

Answer: They help air flow into the ear, which keeps pressure even and helps the ear drain better. With better airflow, fluid won't build up and bacteria won't have such a friendly home. Some ear tubes are for the short-term.


Question: How long do ear tubes stay in?

Answer: The tubes act as small windows for the ear. They go in for 6 to 18 months and usually fall out on their own. Others are designed to stay in for longer. They may fall out on their own or might need to be taken out by a doctor. Once the tubes are out, the opening in the eardrum usually closes on its own.


Question: Why does my child have so many ear infections?

Answer: Children get more ear infections than adults because their bodies are still developing. Your doctor makes a small opening in the eardrum and puts in the tube to let air into the middle ear.


Question: How long do ear tubes stay in for ear infections?

Answer: The tubes act as small windows for the ear. They go in for 6 to 18 months and usually fall out on their own. Others are designed to stay in for longer. They may fall out on their own or might need to be taken out by a doctor. Once the tubes are out, the opening in the eardrum usually closes on its own.


Question: Why does my child need tubes for ear infections?

Answer: But if they occur over and over or your child has hearing loss because of fluid build-up, your doctor might suggest ear tubes. If other treatments aren't working, they can provide relief for your child. They also prevent long-term hearing problems. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground.


Question: How do I know if I have gallstones?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Because other digestive problems, such as an infection of the duct, can produce symptoms similar to those of a gallstone attack, the doctor may also run other tests to determine if gallstones are in fact the culprit. If you are unable or unwilling to go through surgery for a gallstone problem that requires treatment, your doctor may recommend one of several noninvasive techniques.


Question: What oral medications are used to treat scalp psoriasis?

Answer: If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor or dermatologist. Oral medications include: Corticosteroids Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune) Methotrexate ( Rheumatrex) A strong form of vitamin A called a derivative ( Soriatane) Since these medications can cause serious side effects, including liver damage, they require a doctor's close eye.


Question: What is scalp psoriasis?

Answer: It can also spread to your forehead, the back of your neck, or behind and inside your ears. Intense itching can affect your sleep and everyday life, and scratching a lot can lead to skin infections and hair loss. Symptoms of moderate to severe scalp psoriasis include: Scaly, red, bumpy patches Silvery-white scales Dandruff-like flaking Dry scalp Itching Burning or soreness Hair loss Scalp psoriasis itself doesn't cause hair loss, but scratching a lot or very hard, picking at the scaly spots, harsh treatments, and the stress that goes along with the condition can lead to temporary hair loss.


Question: Can trimming your toenails help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Make sure yours aren't too snug and that they give your feet room to breathe. Don't pick at your nails or the skin next to them.


Question: How can checking your feet and toes regularly help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Skip the nail polish if you can. Fungus can live in them. If you think you have another infection or fungus, like athlete's foot, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about what to do. It can turn into a toenail fungus, too, if you don't treat it.


Question: How can throwing away old shoes and slippers help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: You're more likely to dodge toenail fungus if you can live without polish. Use an anti-fungal cream. Never share shoes or socks with other people.


Question: Can keeping your nail tools clean help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Rubbing alcohol should work. Don't share them with anyone else. Choose a clean nail salon.


Question: How can using the right footwear help prevent toenail fungus?

Answer: Clean and dry feet and nails are less likely to pick up a fungus. Make sure yours aren't too snug and that they give your feet room to breathe. Choose materials like leather for shoes. Look for socks made of a synthetic fiber that pulls moisture away from your feet better than cotton or wool. You'll see this called wicking.


Question: What are the advantages of heart valve repair surgery?

Answer: Your heart muscle will stay strong longer. People who get these have to take blood thinner medication for the rest of their life to prevent clots from forming in it.


Question: What valve is usually repaired with heart valve repair surgery?

Answer: Something called a bi-leaflet valve is used most often. Also called balloon valvuloplasty, doctors sometimes recommend it for people who have: Mitral valve stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve) with symptoms Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve), but aren't able to have surgery Pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonic valve) In this procedure, a catheter is put into a blood vessel in the groin and guided to the heart.


Question: How are swollen joints a sign of ineffective psoriatic arthritis medication?

Answer: These days, your doctor can help you figure out how to ease symptoms and prevent joint damage. Physical therapy also helps. Even if your joints feel less sore, it's important to keep track of swelling and inflammation. It can mean your joints are being harmed. If the swelling doesn't go down after you've taken your meds for a while, ask your doctor what else you can do to prevent more damage.


Question: What are some side effects of medication for psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: There are medicines that treat psoriatic arthritis. Methotrexate, which is prescribed for many types of arthritis, can damage the liver. And because medicines called biologics work on your immune system, they can make serious infections more likely. Let your doctor know if you have side effects from your medication.


Question: Do some pillow cases help if you have allergies?

Answer: They act as a barrier between dust mites and your partner. Remember, a feather pillow that isn't covered can trigger your partner's allergies. It's bad for your whole body and could make your allergies worse.


Question: How can using your air conditioner or fans help allergy-proof your home?

Answer: Cut down on knick-knacks (where dust can gather). Clean the air. They pick up dust and pollen instead of swirling it around the air.


Question: If I am high risk for breast cancer, should I have a mammogram screening?

Answer: When to start having mammograms is a decision between you and your doctor. If this happens to you, you may need more tests.


Question: Is it normal to feel worried if my doctor found something questionable on my mammogram?

Answer: It can be a follow-up test after a screening mammogram that spotted something unusual. Other women may need an ultrasound, or a biopsy. These imaging tests help doctors diagnose about 75% to 85% of breast cancers.


Question: What is involved in a mammogram screening?

Answer: A technician will position your breast between two plates. It can be uncomfortable, but the entire process takes about 20 minutes. Then the images get checked for possible signs of cancer. Women ages 45 to 54 should have a mammogram each year, and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every one to two years.


Question: How can I easily treat psoriasis on my scalp?

Answer: And you'll need to be gentle with them. Shampoos with salicylic acid can make your scalp dry, and that can lead to more flaking.


Question: What are some tips to keep Crohn's at bay?

Answer: Learn all you can, including: What causes it Your triggers Which treatments work best The latest about Crohn's and meds that can ease it The warning signs of a flare and what can help prevent one Your doctor can be a great resource, too. When you visit, come with questions. On top of that, your Crohn's disease brings its own stress.


Question: What should someone do if they are experiencing Crohn's symptoms?

Answer: So when you don't have symptoms, it's really important to eat healthy. They could be the side effects of a drug or a sign of a medical problem caused by Crohn's. Your doctor may want to do tests or adjust your treatment so you can feel better.


Question: What foods can worsen symptoms of Crohn's?

Answer: It can show you if certain choices make your symptoms worse. For some people with Crohn's, high-fat foods or fiber-rich fruits and vegetables (like beans and broccoli) cause problems. If you're feeling down or upset about your health (or anything else), let your family and friends know how they can help you.


Question: How can I make my house ready to leave my preteen there alone?

Answer: For example, make a list of emergency phone numbers that includes: Your cell phone Family members who live nearby Neighbors Your pediatrician Poison control The local police and fire departments Panic button on the alarm system 911 ( It sounds like a no-brainer, but a panicked kid can forget those three numbers.) Other suggestions include: Discuss what to do in case of an emergency, such as a fire, power outage, or severe weather. Keep a first-aid kit stocked with bandages, wound disinfectant, and other supplies, and teach your tween how to use it. Check to see that all smoke detectors and phones in your house are working. Leave flashlights and fire extinguishers in easy-to-find places. Stock the fridge with enough healthy foods and snacks to hold your tween until you get back. Make sure you've set up parental filters on your TV and computer. Hide anything you don't want to end up in your tween's hands.


Question: What are some alternative ways to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Along with medications, you have some simple alternatives you can try to fight flares and ease your symptoms. If you want to see the effect some foods have on your psoriasis, make small changes in your diet. And, the FDA doesn't regulate supplements as closely as they do medications. If it helps you relax, it's worth a shot.


Question: Can food treat psoriasis?

Answer: Some people say certain foods trigger their psoriasis. Scientists don't have much evidence, though, to show how eating habits affect this skin condition. Then keep track of what happens. The best approach is to eat a wide range of healthy foods that includes lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.


Question: How do massages help treat psoriasis?

Answer: It can be dangerous. Soaking in an oatmeal bath may also help. So check with your doctor before you give them a try. Massage: Be sure to let your masseuse know ahead of time about your psoriasis.


Question: What are moderate symptoms of altitude sickness?

Answer: You'll have more shortness of breath and fatigue. You may also have: Loss of coordination and trouble walking A severe headache that doesn't get better with medication A tightening in your chest If you develop a severe form of altitude sickness like HAPE or HACE, you might have: Confusion Shortness of breath even at rest Inability to walk A cough that produces a white or pink frothy substance Coma Anyone can develop altitude sickness, no matter how fit, young, or healthy they are -- even Olympic athletes can get it. If your symptoms are more severe, you'll need medical attention. You'll have to see a doctor as soon as possible and you may need to go to the hospital.


Question: How is altitude sickness treated?

Answer: If you get a headache and at least one other symptom associated with altitude sickness within a day or two of changing your elevation, you might have altitude sickness. If your symptoms are more severe, you'll need medical attention. Your doctor might listen to your chest with a stethoscope or take an X-ray of your chest or an MRI or CT scan of your brain to look for fluid. Knowing the symptoms of altitude sickness will help you seek treatment early, while the condition is still mild. The most important treatment for any level of altitude sickness is to go down to a lower elevation as soon as possible while remaining safe. If you have severe altitude sickness, you'll need to be taken down to a lower elevation right away -- and it must be lower than 4,000 feet. You'll have to see a doctor as soon as possible and you may need to go to the hospital. If you have HACE, you might need a steroid called dexamethasone. If you have HAPE, you will need supplemental oxygen and may need medications, as well as moving to a lower altitude. Immediately move to a lower elevation if you start to develop these symptoms.


Question: Do hemorrhoids get better on their own?

Answer: ( If you're pregnant, you should talk to your doctor before you try any medicine or change your diet.) Dab witch hazel on irritated hemorrhoids, or use over-the-counter creams or ointments made for hemorrhoid symptoms. Surgery.


Question: How does a breathing test help diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: You take a deep breath in and then blow as hard as you can into a tube connected to the device. You'll wear a clip on your nose so you can only breathe in and out of your mouth. It measures how well your lungs push oxygen through your bloodstream while you're moving around.


Question: How do lung biopsies help diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: Your doctor clips a small sensor to the tip of your finger or ear. There are different ways to do it. Your doctor may put a needle through your chest, or he may put a long, thin tube through your mouth and down your throat. For some biopsies, you'll only need "local anesthesia," which is medicine that numbs an area on your body. For others you'll need drugs that make you sleep while the procedure is done. You may be asked to stop eating for 8 hours before the biopsy. Make sure to find out if there are any other ways you need to prepare.


Question: How do exercise tests help diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer: Your doctor may use a device called a spirometer to measure how well your lungs are working. You may have to walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike while hooked up to devices that measure your heart rate, blood pressure, and how much oxygen is in your blood.


Question: What should you know about treating chronic hives?

Answer: When antihistamines and steroids don't work, there are a few more treatments that your doctor might suggest. Together, you and your doctor can decide the best treatment plan for your chronic hives.


Question: How long does brief psychotic disorder usually last?

Answer: After that, people usually recover completely. It's rare, but for some people, it may happen more than once. If symptoms last for more than 6 months, doctors may consider whether the person has schizophrenia.


Question: How is brief psychotic disorder treated?

Answer: In most cases, the disorder is triggered by a major stress or traumatic event. Someone with brief psychotic disorder will probably get medication to treat psychotic symptoms and possibly also psychotherapy (a type of counseling). They may need to be hospitalized for a time if their symptoms are severe or if they might harm themselves or someone else. The earlier the treatment, the better the outcome. Medication : The doctor might prescribe antipsychotic drugs to ease or eliminate the symptoms and end the brief psychotic disorder. These include: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Loxitane) Perphenazine ( Trilafon) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Thiothixene ( Navane) Newer medications, which doctors call âatypical antipsychoticâ drugs, include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) lozapine ( Clozaril) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Paliperidone ( Invega) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) If someone with this condition is very anxious or has problems with sleep, their doctor may prescribe tranquilizers such as diazepam ( Valium) and lorazepam ( Ativan). If symptoms last for more than 6 months, doctors may consider whether the person has schizophrenia.


Question: What's the most common type of cancer in the U.S.?

Answer: But it's also one of the most curable cancers when we catch it early. History of skin cancer.


Question: What is treatment for rotator cuff tendinitis?

Answer: If the tendons in your rotator cuff are swollen or damaged, you could have rotator cuff tendinitis. Treatments include: Over-the-counter medicine. Once your pain starts to go away, you can use a heating pad to lessen any stiffness in your shoulder. Stretching.


Question: How do you treat foot drop?

Answer: Early treatment may improve chances of recovery. Physical therapy is used to strengthen foot and leg muscles. It may improve a person's ability to walk. Surgery may be recommended to try to repair or decompress a damaged nerve. In cases where foot drop is permanent, surgery to fuse the foot and ankle joint or to transfer tendons from stronger muscles may help improve gait and stability.


Question: Should I join a clinical trial if other cancer treatments arenât working?

Answer: If it turns out that immunotherapy isn't right for you, the treatment you try next will depend on a few things, including: Your health Your age The type of cancer you have Other treatments you've tried Side effects the other treatments caused More standard treatments you might try -- if you haven't already -- include: Radiation. Scientists use them to test new ways to treat cancer to see if they're safe and if they work. A clinical trial gives you a chance to try a new cancer treatment that isn't available to everyone. Many new types of immunotherapy are in clinical trials. Your doctor can let you know if one of these trials might be a good fit. You can also find clinical trials for your cancer on clinicaltrials.gov.


Question: What other cancer treatments can I try if immunotherapy is not working?

Answer: This uses high-energy X-rays or another kind of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. This uses a powerful combination of drugs to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. This zeroes in on things that help cancer cells multiply and survive. This works on types of cancer that need hormones to grow, like breast and prostate cancers. Stem cell transplant.


Question: What are ways to teach my child how to handle her own issues?

Answer: Show your kids how to resolve disputes in a way that satisfies both siblings involved. Enforce rules. Sharing is important, but children shouldn't be forced to share everything. Get together with the entire family once a week to hash out any issues.


Question: What issues can lead to sibling rivalry?

Answer: Sometimes, the smallest issue can turn into a major battle and strain a sibling relationship to the breaking point. Attention. Giving up a toy or other favorite possession to a sibling can be especially hard on young children. Unique personalities. Feelings of unfair treatment and sibling jealousy can lead to resentment.


Question: What are ways to resolve the conflicts when sibling fighting escalates?

Answer: Take your kids out of the ring and let them cool down in their own corners -- their rooms. Even if one of your kids is constantly getting into trouble and the other is an angel, don't take sides or compare your kids (for example, " Why can't you be more like your sister?"). Don't make everything equal. To let your kids know that you value every one of them, make one-on-one time for each child.


Question: Can diet and exercise help with hepatitis C?

Answer: But what you eat and how much you move makes a difference in how healthy you are with the disease. Some people with hepatitis C find that the disease makes them less hungry.


Question: How can you make exercise fun if you have diabetes?

Answer: ( If you're trying to lose weight, aim for your workouts to last around 60 minutes.) You're more likely to stay active if you find a workout you enjoy.


Question: What is the best way to exercise if you have diabetes?

Answer: Your activities should be at least "moderately intense," which means that you're able to talk, but not sing, while you do it. Twice a week, use hand weights or elastic bands at your gym or at home. Exercises like pushups and squats, which use your own body weight to build strength, are also good choices. You're more likely to stay active if you find a workout you enjoy.


Question: How should I track my carbohydrates if I have diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor or a registered dietitian can coach you on how to do it. Keep an eye on your food portions to manage your blood sugar. It also helps keep your blood sugar in check.


Question: Should I measure my meals and snacks if I have diabetes?

Answer: Check serving sizes listed on the " Nutrition Facts" labels. There are also easy ways to get a picture in your mind of a serving size. For instance, one serving of meat is about the size of your palm. A cup of salad or a casserole is a big as your fist. It also helps keep your blood sugar in check. Twice a week, use hand weights or elastic bands at your gym or at home.


Question: What are possible causes of schizoid personality disorder?

Answer: Some mental health professionals speculate that a bleak childhood where warmth and emotion were absent contributes to the development of the disorder. The higher risk for schizoid personality disorder in families of schizophrenics suggests that a genetic susceptibility for the disorder might be inherited. There is no known way to prevent schizoid personality disorder.


Question: Can you get DHEA from foods?

Answer: There is no standard dosage of DHEA. Wild yams contain a substance similar to DHEA that is used to make DHEA in the laboratory. The body manufactures DHEA naturally in the adrenal glands.


Question: What causes vitamin-deficiency anemia?

Answer: Vitamin-deficiency anemia can happen when you aren't getting enough vitamin B12 and folate. You need these two vitamins to make red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia: When you don't get enough vitamin B12, folate, or both Pernicious anemia: When your body doesn't absorb enough vitamin B12 Other causes of vitamin deficiency include pregnancy, medications, alcohol abuse, and intestinal diseases such as tropical sprue and celiac disease. Sickle cell anemia treatment may include painkillers, folic acid supplements, and antibiotics.


Question: What should you do if you have stroke symptoms?

Answer: Stroke is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can save your life or increase the chances of a full recovery. If you think you are having a stroke, the most important step is to call 9-1-1.


Question: What are common symptoms of stroke?

Answer: A stroke, sometimes called a "brain attack," occurs when blood flow to an area in the brain is cut off. The most common symptoms of a stroke are: Weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body. Loss of vision or dimming (like a curtain falling) in one or both eyes. Loss of speech, difficulty talking or understanding what others are saying. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause. Loss of balance or unstable walking, usually combined with another symptom. Immediately call 911 if you or someone you know shows the symptoms of a stroke. Stroke is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can save your life or increase the chances of a full recovery.


Question: What is hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer: There are two types of stroke. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells. The most common causes of hemorrhagic stroke are high blood pressure and brain aneurysms. Up to 50% of all strokes are preventable.


Question: What is ischemic stroke?

Answer: The brain cells, deprived of the oxygen and glucose needed to survive, die. There are two types of stroke. Ischemic strokeis similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. Ischemic stroke can also occur when too much plaque (fatty deposits and cholesterol) clogs the brain's blood vessels. However, some people have no symptoms warning them prior to a stroke or symptoms are so mild they are not noticeable.


Question: What is transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Answer: Ischemic stroke can also occur when too much plaque (fatty deposits and cholesterol) clogs the brain's blood vessels. Immediately call 911 if you or someone you know shows the symptoms of a stroke. These are called transient ischemic attacks (also called TIA or "mini-stroke") and are short, brief episodes of the stroke symptoms listed above. These can also been warning signs of an impending major stroke. Anyone with a TIA needs to be taken to the emergency room. However, some people have no symptoms warning them prior to a stroke or symptoms are so mild they are not noticeable. Regular check-ups are important in catching problems before they become serious.


Question: What happens in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Tiny incisions are made to create a passageway for a special instrument called a laparoscope. This thin telescope-like instrument with a miniature video camera and light source is used to transmit images to a video monitor. The surgeon watches the video screen while performing the procedure with small instruments that pass through small tubes placed in the incisions. Your surgeon will place a small needle just below your bellybutton and insert the needle into your abdominal cavity. This needle is connected to sterile tubing through which carbon dioxide is passed into the abdominal cavity. The gas lifts the abdominal wall away from the organs below to create space to give your surgeon a better view of your abdominal cavity once the laparoscope is in place. Next, a small incision will be made near your bellybutton. The laparoscope is placed through this incision and is connected to a video camera. The image your surgeon sees in the laparoscope is projected onto video monitors placed near the operating table. Your surgeon will choose the best method at the time of your surgery.


Question: What is it like after colorectal cancer surgery?

Answer: When you arrive in the operating room, the nurses will help you onto the operating table. You will have an oxygen mask covering your nose and mouth. This mask delivers a cool mist of oxygen that helps eliminate the remaining anesthesia from your system and soothes your throat. Your throat may be sore from the breathing tube that was present during your surgery, but this soreness usually subsides after a day or two. Once you are more alert, the nurse may switch your oxygen delivery device to a nasal cannula (small plastic tubing that hooks over your ears and lies beneath your nose). Depending on the percentage of oxygen measured in your blood, you may need to keep the oxygen in place. The nurse will check the oxygen content of your blood by placing a soft clip on one of your fingers. Later, you will be moved to a hospital room where nurses will measure your "intake and output." They will document all the fluids that you drink and measure and collect any urine or fluids you produce, including those from tubes or drains placed during surgery.


Question: How can colorectal cancer surgery affect how you eat?

Answer: When you wake up from colorectal cancer surgery, you will be in a recovery room. Surgery can cause the bowel to become swollen and the wave-like contractions that move food along the intestinal tract (called peristalsis) may be reduced after surgery. As a result, food may not pass through the colon as quickly, causing a sense of fullness or bloating. Or, the food may not be as efficient in absorbing some of the water, causing loose stools. You should follow a soft diet at home, which means you can eat almost everything except raw fruits and vegetables. A registered dietitian can provide more specific guidelines. You should follow this diet until your follow-up visit with your doctor. If you have problems with constipation, call your doctor.