Question: What are physical symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What are perceptual symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What are behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What are cognitive symptoms of brain damage?

Answer: They fall into four major categories: Cognitive Perceptual Physical Behavioral/emotional Cognitive symptoms of brain damage include: Difficulty processing information Difficulty in expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss Perceptual symptoms of brain damage include: Change in vision, hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain Physical symptoms of brain damage include: Persistent headaches Extreme mental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Tremors Seizures Sensitivity to light Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness Behavioral/emotional symptoms of brain damage include: Irritability and impatience Reduced tolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness Anyone who has a head or brain injury needs immediate medical attention.


Question: What rehabilitation is needed to treat brain damage?

Answer: That may include: Physical therapy Occupational therapy Speech and language therapy Psychological support Most injuries that cause brain damage are preventable.


Question: What is focal brain damage?

Answer: Some brain injuries cause focal -- or localized -- brain damage, such as the damage caused when a bullet enters the brain. In other words, the damage is confined to a small area.


Question: What can cause acquired brain injury?

Answer: Causes of traumatic brain injury include: Car accidents Blows to the head Sports injuries Falls or accidents Physical violence Causes of acquired brain injury include: Poisoning or exposure to toxic substances Infection Strangulation, choking, or drowning Stroke Heart attacks Tumors Aneurysms Neurological illnesses Abuse of illegal drugs There are numerous symptoms of brain damage, whether traumatic or acquired.


Question: What are the two types of brain injury?

Answer: Traumatic Brain Injury ( TBI) is caused by an external force -- such as a blow to the head -- that causes the brain to move inside the skull or damages the skull. This in turn damages the brain. Acquired Brain Injury ( ABI) occurs at the cellular level. Or it could result from neurological illness, as in the case of a stroke.


Question: What does poison sumac look like?

Answer: Poison oak is more common in the western U. S. Poison sumac grows as a woody shrub, with each stem containing 7 to 13 leaves arranged in pairs. Poison sumac can be distinguished from harmless sumac by its drooping clusters of green berries. Harmless sumac has red, upright berry clusters. Poison sumac is more common in wet, swampy areas.


Question: How long does a poison plant rash last?

Answer: Most rashes caused by poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac are mild and last from five to 12 days. In severe cases, the rash can last for 30 days or longer.


Question: How does the rash from poison ivy, oak, and sumac happen?

Answer: When initially exposed to urushiol, the skin alerts the immune system of the presence of the irritating chemical. However, it's common for no visible reaction will occur the first time a person comes in contact with a poison plant. The immune system then prepares a defensive reaction for the next time the skin encounters the substance. This sensitizes the skin so that new contact with urushiol causes an allergic reaction.


Question: Where in the United States is there poison ivy, oak, and sumac?

Answer: Poison oak is more common in the western U. S. Poison sumac grows as a woody shrub, with each stem containing 7 to 13 leaves arranged in pairs. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are three of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis in North America.


Question: How can water picks help me with my dental care?

Answer: Water picks, also known as oral water irrigators, aren't for everyone. They work best if you have braces or other dental work that traps food. They don't remove plaque; only brushing with toothpaste and flossing can do that.


Question: What's the difference between sonic and electric toothbrushes?

Answer: There are many options when it comes to powered toothbrushes: Sonic toothbrushes make 30,000 and 40,000 brush strokes per minute, compared with about 300 per minute if you brush by hand. The bristles rotate in the dentist recommended back-and-forth motion. Plus, the brush directs fluid between teeth and below the gum line to remove plaque (only sonic toothbrushes can make this claim). Electric toothbrushes make 3,000 and 7,500 strokes per minute. Designs differ, but bristles are typically either set in a round head and all spin together or individual tufts within the brush head spin independently. Some rotate and pulse to help remove plaque and reduce gingivitis.


Question: How can mouthwashes and rinses help me with my dental care?

Answer: They don't remove plaque; only brushing with toothpaste and flossing can do that. Mouthwash can do more than simply freshen your breath -- it can ward off gum disease. But that's only if you use a bacteria-fighting rinse. A product with fluoride can help prevent tooth decay. Rinsing with an alcohol-based mouthwash isn't good for children under 6, who are likely to swallow the liquid. Ask your dentist which type is best for you.


Question: What are the advantages of powered toothbrush for your dental care?

Answer: Other advantages include: Easy to use if you: Have a medical condition like arthritis that makes it hard to use your hand Are elderly Are physically challenged Have misaligned teeth or teeth with uneven surfaces Have braces and other orthodontic appliances An electric toothbrush can be fun to use, and you might brush more often or longer as a result. The scrubbing effect of powered toothbrushes may be superior to manual toothbrushes in possibly reducing or even totally removing surface stains on teeth. They work best if you have braces or other dental work that traps food.


Question: What type of toothbrush should I pick for my dental care?

Answer: If an ingredient bothers you, or if your teeth are sensitive, try another product. Ask your dentist which features and bristle head design will work best in your mouth. Replace your toothbrush every 3 months. Get a new one sooner if the brush looks worn or frayed. Bristles that fan out or spread mean it's time to for a new one. Other advantages include: Easy to use if you: Have a medical condition like arthritis that makes it hard to use your hand Are elderly Are physically challenged Have misaligned teeth or teeth with uneven surfaces Have braces and other orthodontic appliances An electric toothbrush can be fun to use, and you might brush more often or longer as a result. The bristles rotate in the dentist recommended back-and-forth motion.


Question: What type of toothpaste should I pick for my dental care?

Answer: The best strategy for selecting a toothpaste is to ask your dental hygienist or dentist to recommend a product. Always pick a toothpaste with fluoride to prevent cavities. If an ingredient bothers you, or if your teeth are sensitive, try another product. If the problem continues, see your dentist.


Question: What does cortisol do?

Answer: Cortisol also helps your body deal with stress. Among its jobs: Controls your blood pressure and your heart rate Controls how your immune system deals with viruses, bacteria, and other threats Puts more sugar in your bloodstream to give you more energy Adjusts how your body breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Aldosterone keeps the sodium and potassium in your blood balanced, which helps control your blood pressure and the balance of fluids in your body.


Question: What do adrenal glands do?

Answer: Your adrenal glands have two jobs. The first is to make adrenaline, a hormone your body creates in times of stress. But the more important job is making two steroid hormones, cortisol and aldosterone.


Question: What happens if the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol and aldosterone?

Answer: When there's not enough of these hormones, your body has trouble with these basic functions. That causes the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency -- fatigue, muscle weakness, low appetite, weight loss, and belly pain, among others.


Question: What are the different types of adrenal insufficiency?

Answer: When they don't make enough of those hormones, you have a condition called adrenal insufficiency, also called adrenocortical insufficiency or hypocortisolism. You can have either primary, secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency is when your adrenal glands are damaged and can't make the cortisol you need. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more common than Addison's disease. The condition happens because of a problem with your pituitary gland, a pea-sized bulge at the base of your brain. It makes a hormone called adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH). This is the chemical that signals your adrenal glands to make cortisol when your body needs it. If your adrenal glands don't get that message, they may eventually shrink. Tertiary starts in the hypothalamus, which is a small area located near the pituitary. It makes a hormone called corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) which tells the pituitary to make ACTH. When the hypothalamus is not making enough CRH, then it affects the pituitary's ability to produce ACTH , in turn keeping the adrenal glands from producing enough cortisol.


Question: What is an adenovirus infection?

Answer: The infections usually cause only mild symptoms and get better on their own in a few days. But they can be more serious in people with weak immune systems, especially children. These viruses are common in places with large groups of kids, such as day care centers, schools, and summer camps. They're very contagious.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose adenovirus infections?

Answer: Swab test: A nurse will use a cotton swab to get a sample of mucus from your child's nose. Stool test: You'll collect a sample of your child's poop at home and bring it to the doctor's office. Chest X-ray: Your child will lie still while a technician uses a small amount of radiation to take pictures of the inside of her chest.


Question: How can I keep my child from getting adenovirus infections?

Answer: Wash your child's hands -- and yours -- often during the day, and especially before meals. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if you don't have soap and water nearby. Clean surfaces, like sinks and counters, to get rid of germs. Don't let her swim in pools that aren't well maintained. Keep your child home when she's sick to avoid spreading adenoviruses to others.


Question: What are serious symptoms of adenovirus infection in children?

Answer: Call the doctor right away if your child has any of these more serious symptoms: Trouble breathing Swelling around his eyes Fever that doesn't go away after a few days Signs of dehydration, such as few tears or less wet diapers Your child's doctor may want to do a physical exam and possibly one or more of these tests to see if a virus or bacteria caused the infection: Blood test: A nurse will take a sample of your child's blood from a vein in his arm.


Question: What are treatments for adenovirus infections?

Answer: Antibiotics won't help adenovirus infections because these drugs only kill bacteria. Children often get over the illness on their own within a few days. Water or 100% fruit juice are the best choices to keep kids hydrated. Turn on a cool-mist humidifier. The moisture will loosen congestion and help your child breathe more easily. Ask your doctor if you can give your child acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin) to relieve aches and fever. Don't give children products that contain aspirin, which can lead to a rare but serious condition called Reye syndrome. Tell her to cover her nose and mouth whenever she sneezes or coughs.


Question: What are symptoms of ovarian cancer when you are in menopause?

Answer: When you're nearing or in menopause, it's important to know the symptoms of ovarian cancer and what to look for. They include weight loss, bloating, swelling, pelvic pain, and constipation.


Question: What's the link between hormone therapy and ovarian cancer?

Answer: That can lower your chance of developing ovarian cancer. You may want to talk to your doctor. You can weigh the risks and benefits of birth control pills and your risk of cancer. Often, women take hormone therapy to cope with menopause symptoms like hot flashes and osteoporosis. Some studies suggest that taking those hormones may increase your risk of developing ovarian cancer. Hormone therapy usually involves taking only estrogen, estrogen plus progesterone, or estrogen and progestin, which is a fake hormone that acts like progesterone.


Question: What is the link between menopause and ovarian cancer?

Answer: Although it can happen at any age, it's most common in women over age 50. Half of ovarian cancer cases are found in women age 63 or older, according to the American Cancer Society. But your chances of developing it go up as you get older. There are a few things related to menopause that may affect your risk of developing ovarian cancer. If you start menopause late -- usually after age 52 -- your chances may be higher. That could be because you've had more ovulations. Those are the times when your menstrual cycle triggers your hormones to release an egg.


Question: What does the calories count on a food label mean?

Answer: ( Remember, you'll need to adjust this if your portion is different from the serving size on the label.) This part of the label also tells you how much of that energy comes from the fat in a serving.


Question: Is the information on the food label still accurate if my daily calorie intake isn't 2000?

Answer: If your daily calorie intake isn't 2,000, you may need to do a little math. Some nutrient goals change with the number of daily calories. Some, including sodium and calcium, are based on things like your age, sex, or health, not the number of calories you eat. Talk to your doctor or your diabetes educator about how to adjust the % Daily Values on labels for your diet. In general, when it comes to fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium, choose foods with a low % Daily Value. For total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and vitamins and minerals, try to reach your daily target for each nutrient.


Question: What does a "% Daily Value" on a food label mean for people with diabetes?

Answer: "% Daily Value" shows how much a serving of that food gives you for each key nutrient listed. These daily goals are set by the government, based on current nutrition recommendations. The percentages are based on a 2,000 calorie/day diet, which would be right for an average- or large-size man who gets little exercise. Women or seniors with diabetes, or people trying to lose weight, need fewer calories.


Question: What does the serving size on a food label mean?

Answer: The size of the serving determines the amounts listed on the label. It helps you figure how many calories and nutrients are in your food on your plate. This means a food is made up of the heaviest amount of the first ingredient and the least amount of the last ingredient.


Question: What can I tell from the ingredients section of a food label?

Answer: Pay attention to that serving size, including the number of servings in the package, and compare it to how much you're actually eating. This means a food is made up of the heaviest amount of the first ingredient and the least amount of the last ingredient.


Question: How should people with diabetes use the serving size information on a food label?

Answer: Don't confuse portion size with serving size. A portion is what you choose to eat -- and there are no standard measures for this. For example, if a slice of bread is a serving size and you eat a sandwich with two slices of bread, you've had two servings of bread in your one portion, so you'll have to double all the nutritional numbers like calories and carbs. If a package has four servings and you eat the whole thing (like a bag of crunchy snacks), you get 4 times the calories, fat, and everything else listed on the label. This part of the label also tells you how much of that energy comes from the fat in a serving.


Question: What should people with diabetes look at on food labels?

Answer: It has measurements of fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals for a typical amount of that food. This information can make it easier for you to choose foods that will fit into your meal plan and help control your blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and weight. Here's an example of a Nutrition Facts label. Talk to your doctor or your diabetes educator about how to adjust the % Daily Values on labels for your diet.


Question: What are treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Steroids like prednisone calm the inflammation that damages your nerves. Plasma exchange is another therapy if steroids don't work. Your doctor will use a machine to remove the plasma portion of your blood. The plasma gets mixed with a protein solution and put back into your body.


Question: What can treatments for Parkinsonâs disease do?

Answer: It's also an option to treat another type called relapsing-remitting MS. Other disease-modifying medicines for relapse-remitting MS include beta interferons as well as: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Medications to treat Parkinson's either raise your dopamine levels or offer a substitute. They can ease Parkinson's symptoms like tremors. Over time, they may become less effective.


Question: What are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsonâs disease?

Answer: Common symptoms of both diseases include: Shaky fingers, hands, lips, or limbs Slurred speech that's hard for others to understand Numb or weak limbs that make your walk unsteady Loss of muscle control that often affects one side of your body at first, then later both Spastic limb movements that are hard to control Loss of bladder or bowel control Poor balance Depression is another symptom common to both conditions.


Question: What can multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments do?

Answer: MS treatments can ease your symptoms during an attack or slow down the disease's effects on your body.


Question: What symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are not usually found in Parkinsonâs disease?

Answer: They not usually found in Parkinson's: Fatigue Dizziness or vertigo, where you feel like the room spins around and you lose your balance Double vision, partial or total vision loss, or eye pain Pain or tingling in any area of your body Electric shock feeling or sharp pain in your neck when you move your head or chest a certain way (your doctor will call it Lhermitte's sign). It can travel to your spine, arms, and legs. Itching Seizures Hearing loss Headaches Parkinson's can have some symptoms that people with MS typically don't have: Slowed movement (your doctor will call it bradykinesia) Feet drag or shuffle Stiff, rigid muscles Poor posture Loss of control over how you blink, smile, swallow, or swing your arms when you walk Small, cramped handwriting Some people have MS and Parkinson's, but it could be a coincidence.


Question: How are multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsonâs disease alike?

Answer: Both diseases can cause your hands to shake, for example. These diseases both affect your nerves. As myelin breaks down, your nerves and nerve fibers get frayed. In Parkinson's, certain brain cells start to die off. If lesions form in certain spots in your brain, they can affect how it makes dopamine. Over time, they may become less effective.


Question: What medicines are used to treat Parkinsonâs disease?

Answer: It's also an option to treat another type called relapsing-remitting MS. Other disease-modifying medicines for relapse-remitting MS include beta interferons as well as: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Cladribine ( Mavenclad) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Glatiramer acetate ( Copaxone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Siponimod ( Mayzent) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Medications to treat Parkinson's either raise your dopamine levels or offer a substitute. Anticholinergic drugs to help control tremors Carbidopa-levodopa, or an infusion of both drugs called Duopa, to help boost dopamine levels COMT inhibitors like entacapone ( Comtan) or tolcapone ( Tasmar), to help drugs that boost dopamine levels work better Dopamine agonists: pramipexole ( Mirapex, Mirapex ER), ropinirole ( Requip, Requip XL), and rotigotine ( Neupro) to mimic the way dopamine works in your brain.


Question: What makes multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsonâs disease different?

Answer: While some signs of MS and Parkinson's look the same, they're different diseases. MS often affects people between ages 20 and 50, but children get it, too. Parkinson's usually starts at age 60 or older, but some younger adults get it. MS is an autoimmune disease. That means your body's immune system goes haywire for some reason. In Parkinson's, certain brain cells start to die off. Your brain makes less and less of a chemical called dopamine that helps control your movement. As your levels dip, you lose more of this control.


Question: How can Epworth Sleepiness Scale test help diagnose narcolepsy?

Answer: During the Epworth Sleepiness Scale test, you will be asked to answer eight questions using a scale from zero (not at all likely to fall asleep) to three (very likely to fall asleep). The resulting total score is between 0 and 24. Scores of 0 to 10 are normal. Total scores 10 or above generally warrant further investigation.


Question: How can multiple sleep latency test help diagnose narcolepsy?

Answer: Performed the morning after the overnight polysomnogram, also in a sleep lab, this test measures how long it takes a person to fall asleep (sleep latency) during the day. During this test, you will be asked to take four or five scheduled naps every two hours. The first nap starts two hours after awakening that morning. People with normal sleep and alertness take about 10-20 minutes to fall asleep. People with narcolepsy (and other causes of abnormal sleepiness) take a much shorter time (less than five minutes) to fall asleep.


Question: How can polysomnogram (PSG) help in the diagnosis of narcolepsy?

Answer: A sleep study, or polysomnogram ( PSG), is a test performed in a sleep lab. It electronically transmits and records specific physical actions of the body while you sleep, such as muscle movement, breathing patterns, and brain activity. The recordings are analyzed by a qualified sleep specialist to determine whether or not you have a particular sleep disorder.


Question: What can you expect during a polysomnogram (PSG) for narcolepsy?

Answer: It electronically transmits and records specific physical actions of the body while you sleep, such as muscle movement, breathing patterns, and brain activity. The recordings are analyzed by a qualified sleep specialist to determine whether or not you have a particular sleep disorder. What to Expect During a PSG If you're scheduled for a PSG, you will arrive at the sleep lab about two hours prior to bedtime without making any changes in your daily habits. You will be assigned to a private bedroom in a sleep center or hospital.


Question: What types of cancer does immunotherapy treat?

Answer: Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation use medications or high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is different because it uses your own immune system to fight off the cancer. Some immunotherapy treatments help your immune system find the cancer or work harder to attack it. Others give you man-made versions of proteins or other substances to help your body fight the disease. Immunotherapy is a type of biologic therapy. Immunotherapy is approved to treat certain kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer. Immune-based treatments for many other types are being tested in clinical trials.


Question: How do doctors use immunotherapy?

Answer: It's a relatively new treatment compared with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but it's commonly used to treat some cancers. It works better on certain forms of the disease than others. Depending on the type of cancer you have, you might get immunotherapy: With or after another treatment, like surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy By itself as a first treatment As part of a clinical trial if other treatments haven't worked and your cancer has spread This type of treatment isn't right for everyone.


Question: What are some examples of monoclonal antibodies and the cancers they treat?

Answer: It's a relatively new treatment compared with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but it's commonly used to treat some cancers.


Question: What are checkpoint inhibitors and the cancers they treat?

Answer: Some immunotherapy treatments help your immune system find the cancer or work harder to attack it. Immunotherapy is approved to treat certain kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer.


Question: What are some examples of immunotherapy treatments that do not target cancer cells directly?

Answer: Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation use medications or high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is different because it uses your own immune system to fight off the cancer. Immunotherapy is approved to treat certain kinds of cancer, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer.


Question: Why should you eat prunes?

Answer: Prunes ( Dried Plums) Prunes, which are dried plums, do much more than keep your digestion regular. They're also high in antioxidants and fiber. A quarter-cup has 104 calories and 12% of the fiber you need in a day. You can eat them as-is, chop them up and add them to muffins or other baked goods, or include them in smoothies, cereals, sauces, or stews.


Question: Why should you eat cauliflower?

Answer: Cauliflower Broccoli is the relative that gets all the attention, but its paler cousin is no wallflower. Like other cruciferous veggies, cauliflower is a good source of vitamin C and fiber. Like broccoli, it also has a natural plant chemical called sulforaphane that may hold promise against cancer, according to early lab tests done in animals. Many other things also affect your cancer risk, but diet is one of the easiest to control.


Question: Why should you eat beets?

Answer: Beets These brightly colored root vegetables look rough on the outside, but they're softer and sweeter once you cook them. Beets are high in antioxidants, which may help protect against cancer and other chronic diseases. Plus, their juice, which is rich in nitrates,has been found to lower blood pressure and increase blood flow to the brain. If you're an athlete, snacking on beets might even help improve your performance.


Question: Why should you eat artichokes?

Answer: Artichokes You can grill it, bake it, and eat the leaves or the heart. Finish off the whole artichoke, and you'll only get about 60 calories and almost no fat, not counting any dip or sauce you ate it with. High in fiber, it will fill you up so you won't splurge on higher-fat foods.


Question: Why should you eat kefir?

Answer: Kefir This bubbly form of fermented milk has been a dietary staple in the Caucasus Mountains of Eastern Europe for many years. Recently, it's started to catch on in the U. S. Kefir is high in "good" bacteria called probiotics. It's also being studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.


Question: What is the source of chronic pain?

Answer: Some kinds of chronic pain have numerous causes. Back pain, for example, may be caused by a single factor, or any combination of these factors: Years of poor posture Improper lifting and carrying of heavy objects Being overweight, which puts excess strain on the back and knees A congenital condition such as curvature of the spine Traumatic injury Wearing high heels Sleeping on a poor mattress No obvious physical cause Ordinary aging of the spine (degenerative changes) Disease can also be the underlying cause of chronic pain. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia are well-known culprits, but persistent pain may also be due to such ailments as cancer, multiple sclerosis, stomach ulcers, AIDS, and gallbladder disease. In many cases, however, the source of chronic pain can be a very complex and even mysterious issue to untangle. Although it may begin with an injury or illness, ongoing pain can develop a psychological dimension after the physical problem has healed. This fact alone makes pinning down a single course of treatment tricky, and it is why health care providers often find they have to try a number of different types of curative steps.


Question: What factors can cause chronic pain?

Answer: Some kinds of chronic pain have numerous causes. Back pain, for example, may be caused by a single factor, or any combination of these factors: Years of poor posture Improper lifting and carrying of heavy objects Being overweight, which puts excess strain on the back and knees A congenital condition such as curvature of the spine Traumatic injury Wearing high heels Sleeping on a poor mattress No obvious physical cause Ordinary aging of the spine (degenerative changes) Disease can also be the underlying cause of chronic pain.


Question: How does a cauliflower ear form?

Answer: When blood flow is blocked, the affected cartilage may die and, without the supportive tissue, fold in on itself. Scar tissue may form, contributing to a swollen and deformed look. Over time, the effects may become more prominent, and they may be permanent. The good news is that cauliflower ear can usually be prevented, even after such an injury occurs.


Question: What causes cauliflower ear?

Answer: The most common cause of cauliflower ear is a hit to the ear -- or repeated hits to the ear -- that leads to hematomas, or small collections of blood that clot and block the flow of blood and nutrients. These can also occur when skin is pulled away from cartilage, the semi-rigid tissue that gives the ear its shape. Usually, cauliflower ear is related to sports injuries, but not always. Any trauma to the ear can cause it. Cauliflower ear can even be the result of an infection in the ear lobe.


Question: How is cauliflower ear treated?

Answer: If you experience an injury that causes a blockage in the tissues of your ear, there's still a chance you can avoid developing cauliflower ear. The goal of treatment is to ease the blockage so that blood can again flow to the affected tissues. A doctor can accomplish this by making a small incision and draining accumulating blood or removing a clot and preventing further bleeding. He or she may need to reconnect tissues using stitches and apply a special bandage to put pressure on the area. This pressure dressing may need to stay in place for several days to a week. The site will require monitoring for signs of infection or signs that additional treatment may be needed. Your doctor may also prescribe antibiotics.


Question: What are symptoms of cauliflower ear?

Answer: The initial symptoms of the types of injuries that lead to cauliflower ear are similar to the symptoms one might experience from blunt trauma elsewhere in the body. You may have swelling, and the area may be red or bruised. So it's important not to shrug off such symptoms if you have received a blow, or multiple blows, to the ear. Prompt treatment can prevent the development of cauliflower ear.


Question: What is cauliflower ear?

Answer: The most common cause of cauliflower ear is a hit to the ear -- or repeated hits to the ear -- that leads to hematomas, or small collections of blood that clot and block the flow of blood and nutrients. The initial symptoms of the types of injuries that lead to cauliflower ear are similar to the symptoms one might experience from blunt trauma elsewhere in the body. The most important thing you can do to prevent cauliflower ear is to wear the appropriate head gear when engaging in activities that increase your risk for ear trauma, such as wrestling, boxing, rugby, and other close-contact sports. Treatment can help prevent the unsightly, often permanent, cosmetic effects of cauliflower ear.


Question: Who is most likely to get cauliflower ear?

Answer: In wrestling, for instance, trauma can result from opponents' heads rubbing or hitting one another during matches or from contact with the wrestling mat. Cauliflower ear is also common among rugby players and people who practice martial arts. People who participate in these activities are at higher risk than others. Protective head gear has long been commonplace in these sports. They also can be a complication of "high" piercings in the upper area of the ear, through the cartilage, if the piercing becomes infected. The most important thing you can do to prevent cauliflower ear is to wear the appropriate head gear when engaging in activities that increase your risk for ear trauma, such as wrestling, boxing, rugby, and other close-contact sports.


Question: When should one call 911 for bleeding cuts or wounds?

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Question: How can you soothe sore gums if your baby is teething?

Answer: If your baby is teething, the best way to calm him is to put pressure on his gums. You can massage them with a clean finger or give your baby a rubber teething ring to chew on. Cool objects feel good to a teething baby. But it can hurt her gums if it's too cold. Putting a teething ring in the freezer can also make it break open and leak. Instead, put the ring in the fridge until it's cool. If you don't have a teething ring handy, stick a wet washcloth in the fridge instead. Don't use gels that you rub on your baby's gums or teething tablets. They don't typically help, and some have belladonna (a poisonous plant) or benzocaine (a medicine that numbs his gums), and both can be harmful. The FDA has warned against these because of the possibility of a dangerous side effect: They can lower the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream. If your baby is over 6 months old, you may be able to give her ibuprofen ( Children's Motrin) or acetaminophen ( Children's Tylenol) to help with teething pain. But check with her doctor first.


Question: When should you call your doctor about teething babies?

Answer: Teething babies can be cranky, and they often are. But watch for signs that your child is really sick. Call your doctor if your baby: Is under 3 months old and has a temperature over 100.4 F Is over 3 months old and has a fever over 102 F Has a fever that lasts longer than 24 hours Has diarrhea, vomiting, or a rash with the fever Is very sleepy or looks sick Can't be soothed Teething can be a frustrating time for both your baby and you.


Question: Can teething cause a fever?

Answer: Teething can raise your baby's body temperature, but only slightly. Any fever over 100.4 F is a sign that your child is probably sick.


Question: How can you tell if your baby is teething?

Answer: It's probably teething if your baby: Drools a lot Is extra fussy or cranky Cries more than usual Chews on teething rings or other firm objects Your baby is most likely to show these signs when the front teeth come in. Expect the worst of the symptoms to hit between 6 and 16 months.


Question: What should you keep in mind if your baby is teething?

Answer: Call your doctor if your baby: Is under 3 months old and has a temperature over 100.4 F Is over 3 months old and has a fever over 102 F Has a fever that lasts longer than 24 hours Has diarrhea, vomiting, or a rash with the fever Is very sleepy or looks sick Can't be soothed Teething can be a frustrating time for both your baby and you. Remember that this is just another phase. In the meantime, keep your baby as comfortable as possible. And when those first teeth pop up, brush them each day with a soft-bristled children's toothbrush to keep them healthy.


Question: How can you tell if your baby is sick instead of teething?

Answer: Your baby has probably picked up a cold, stomach bug, or other illness if she: Has a runny or stuffed nose Is sneezing or coughing Has diarrhea or is vomiting Has a rash If you're still not sure what's going on, check with your pediatrician. Teething babies can be cranky, and they often are.


Question: How can you help someone who has depression to follow their treatment plan?

Answer: Consider turning to support groups, either for the depressed person, or for you as his or her family member.


Question: How does canola oil benefit the heart?

Answer: Canola oil is also very high in healthier unsaturated fats. It's higher in the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA) than any other oil except flaxseed oil. ALA is particularly important to have in your diet because your body can't make it. Studies show that ALA may help protect the heart through its effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, and inflammation.


Question: What are healthy cooking methods that I can do with canola oil?

Answer: Because of its light flavor, high smoke point, and smooth texture, canola oil is one of the most versatile cooking oils. You can use it in a number of dishes and cooking methods, like: As a cooking oil for sauteing, stir-frying, grilling, and baking In salad dressings, sauces, and marinades To coat your pans for nonstick baking Instead of solid fats (such as margarine and butter) in recipes Some Internet sites claim that canola oil has high levels of erucic acid, a substance that can be toxic to humans and can lead to ailments ranging from respiratory distress to blindness.


Question: How much erucic acid does canola oil contain?

Answer: You can use it in a number of dishes and cooking methods, like: As a cooking oil for sauteing, stir-frying, grilling, and baking In salad dressings, sauces, and marinades To coat your pans for nonstick baking Instead of solid fats (such as margarine and butter) in recipes Some Internet sites claim that canola oil has high levels of erucic acid, a substance that can be toxic to humans and can lead to ailments ranging from respiratory distress to blindness. But canola oil has levels of erucic acid well below the FDA's standards.


Question: How does staying active affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It strengthens the muscles that support your joints.


Question: What are some ways to guard joints against damage from rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Keep them in good shape with some tweaks to your lifestyle. Diet, exercise, and using the right tools can make a huge difference.


Question: How do omega-3 fatty acids affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Studies show they can help lower the inflammation that comes with RA. Some good sources are fatty fish like salmon, herring, tuna, and sardines. You can also try fish oil supplements, but ask your doctor fist.


Question: How do certain tools affect someone with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: For example, use a cane on the opposite side of the knee or hip joint with RA. It can take 20% to 30% of the weight off and make you more stable. You can also try pens, pencils, and toothbrushes with thick handles that make them easier to hold. To cut stress on your shoulders, use tools to help you reach for items on high shelves.


Question: What are some tips to avoid strain on smaller joints?

Answer: Use your large, strong joints to spare smaller, fragile ones. Try these tips: Carry a shoulder bag instead of a clutch or handbag. Hold grocery bags in your arms, close to your body. Don't grip them with your hands. Hold small items in your palms instead of your fingers. Use both hands or your shoulder to open heavy doors. Hold items with two hands instead of one.


Question: How does practicing good posture affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It protects your shoulder, hip, and knee joints. When you lift, keep your back straight and your feet wide apart. When you're in a chair, rest your feet flat on the floor. Sit upright and lift your chest.


Question: How does losing weight affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you carry extra pounds, be kind to your joints and shed a few. Added body weight puts more stress on your hips, knees, and feet. Research shows smoking can make it harder to treat the disease.


Question: How does stopping smoking affect rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Those extra pounds can make it harder to keep your RA joint pain and symptoms under control. Recent studies found that smokers with rheumatoid arthritis were less likely to benefit from two common treatments -- methotrexate and certain biologic drugs.


Question: What is an posterior wall prolapse?

Answer: â Posteriorâ means back. These prolapses happen when the tissue between your vagina and rectum (the end of your large bowel) stretches or separates from the bones in your pelvis. There are two kinds of posterior wall prolapse: Rectocele. Doctors also call this a ârectal wall prolapse.â It happens when your rectum drops down and forward and then bulges into the back wall of your vagina. Rectal prolapse. This is different than a rectocele or rectal wall prolapse. With a rectal prolapse, part of your rectum turns inside out and pokes out through your anus. At first, you might think it's a big hemorrhoid.


Question: What is an apical prolapse?

Answer: â Apicalâ means near the apex, or top. There are three kinds of apical prolapse: Enterocele. If you have this, it means your small intestine has dropped down and is bulging into the upper part of the back wall of your vagina. This can also happen at the top of your vagina, where the intestine sits on top and sinks down into it. Uterine. This is when your uterus (womb) drops into your vagina. Uterine prolapses are the second most common kind of prolapse. Your risk goes up as you get older. Vaginal vault. If you've had your uterus taken out (hysterectomy), your vagina may drop down toward its opening between your legs. That's because the uterus provides support for the top of the vagina. If it's removed during surgery, there's nothing for the vagina to hold on to. In severe cases, your vagina could turn inside out and fall through the vaginal opening.


Question: What is an anterior vaginal wall prolapse?

Answer: â Anteriorâ means front. An anterior prolapse can happen if you've had your uterus taken out (hysterectomy). There are two types of prolapses that can occur in the front side of your vagina, and they're the most common kinds of pelvic organ prolapse. They are: Bladder. This is also called a âcystocele.â It happens when your bladder drops down into your vagina. A cystocele can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on how far your bladder drops. Urethra. When your bladder prolapses, the tube that carries pee out of your body (the urethra) can prolapse, too. Your doctor might call this a âurethrocele.â If both your bladder and urethra prolapse, it's called a âcystourethrocele.â As these prolapses get worse, you might feel -- and see -- them bulging out of your vagina.


Question: Why should you tell your doctor about supplements you're taking along with phosphatidylserine?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with any medications.


Question: Does phosphatidylserine interact with other drugs?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: Where can you get phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Again, there is not enough evidence that phosphatidylserine is of any help in treating this condition. The supplement used in early studies was made from brain cells taken from cattle.


Question: How does phosphatidylserine interact with other drugs?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Many people can take the soy-derived supplement without any side effects. Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: What is phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Phosphatidylserine plays an important role in keeping your mind and memory sharp. Animal studies suggest that the level of this substance in the brain decreases with age. Much more research is needed to confirm these results.


Question: What are the risks of taking phosphatidylserine?

Answer: It covers and protects the cells in your brain and carries messages between them. Many people can take the soy-derived supplement without any side effects. Research is still preliminary but it is likely safe up to 600 milligrams a day for no more than 10 days. They may include: Gas Stomach upset Trouble sleeping However, optimal doses of phosphatidylserine have not been established for any condition.


Question: Why do people take phosphatidylserine?

Answer: Phosphatidylserine is taken to try to prevent memory loss and mental decline that may occur as you get older. Research is still preliminary but it is likely safe up to 600 milligrams a day for no more than 10 days. Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you also take: Any type of blood thinner or have any blood-clotting problems Anti-inflammatory medicines used for arthritis, headaches, or pain Performance-enhancing drugs or supplements used to increase athletic performance or stamina Always tell your doctor about any supplements you are taking, including natural ones and those bought without a prescription.


Question: Is research still being done on the effectiveness of immunotherapy for treating cancer?

Answer: Several immunotherapy drugs have been approved to fight cancer, and hundreds more are being tested in clinical trials (research studies that use volunteers to test new medicines). If immunotherapy seems like the best way to fight your cancer, your doctor may know of a clinical trial you can join.


Question: Should I ask my doctor if immunotherapy is right to treat my cancer?

Answer: Immunotherapy drugs help your immune system work harder or make it easier for it to find and get rid of cancer cells. Several immunotherapy drugs have been approved to fight cancer, and hundreds more are being tested in clinical trials (research studies that use volunteers to test new medicines). If immunotherapy seems like the best way to fight your cancer, your doctor may know of a clinical trial you can join.


Question: Can immunotherapy work when other cancer treatments don't?

Answer: There are many reasons your doctor might think immunotherapy is a good choice for you: Immunotherapy may work when other treatments don't. Some cancers (like skin cancer) don't respond well to radiation or chemotherapy but start to go away after immunotherapy.


Question: Will my body get used to the immunotherapy used to treat my cancer?

Answer: Over time, immunotherapy may stop having an effect on your cancer cells. This means that even if it works at first, your tumor could start to grow again.


Question: Is immunotherapy a quick fix to treat my cancer?

Answer: In some cases, immunotherapy takes longer to work than other treatments. Your cancer may not go away quickly.


Question: How will I know if immunotherapy is right for treating my cancer?

Answer: If your doctor suggests immunotherapy to fight your cancer, there's a lot to talk to them about before you decide if it's right for you.


Question: How does immunotherapy treat cancer?

Answer: Your immune system is made up of your white blood cells plus the organs and tissues of your lymph system, like your bone marrow. Its main job is to help your body fight off disease and stay healthy. Immunotherapy drugs help your immune system work harder or make it easier for it to find and get rid of cancer cells. It can help other cancer treatments work better. When you have immunotherapy, your immune system learns to go after cancer cells if they ever come back.


Question: What are the risks of immunotherapy when treating cancer?

Answer: The area where the medication goes into your body could hurt, itch, swell, turn red, or get sore. Most of the time, these ease up after your first treatment. It isn't a quick fix.


Question: Can immunotherapy cause fewer side effects than other cancer treatments?

Answer: It causes fewer side effects than other treatments. This is because it targets just your immune system and not all the cells in your body. There are side effects. Most of the time, these ease up after your first treatment.


Question: Who is more likely to get breast cancer?

Answer: Women over 50 are more likely to get breast cancer than younger women.


Question: What increases your likelihood of getting breast cancer?

Answer: If a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) had breast cancer, you're two times more likely to get the disease. This is especially true if she got cancer before menopause or if it affected both breasts. Mutations, or changes, to two genes -- BRCA1 and BRCA2 -- are responsible for some cases of breast cancer in families. About 1woman in 200 has one of these genes. While they make you more likely to get cancer, they don't ensure that you will. These genes also raise your odds of ovarian cancer and are linked to pancreatic cancer and male breast cancer.


Question: Is breast cancer treatable?

Answer: Fortunately, breast cancer is very treatable if detected early. Localized cancer (meaning it hasn't spread outside your breast) can usually be treated successfully before the cancer spreads. Once the cancer begins to spread, treatment becomes more extensive. Improved screening tests and treatment options mean about 8 out of 10 women with breast cancer will survive at least 10 years after initial diagnosis. Intracavitary brachytherapy: This is the most common type of brachytherapy for women with breast cancer.


Question: Where does breast cancer develop?

Answer: Breast cancer usually begins in a small, confined area in the or glands, which produce milk (lobular carcinoma) or the ducts (ductal carcinoma), which carry it to the nipple. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer. If the tests find breast cancer, you and your doctor will develop a treatment plan to get rid of the cancer, to lower the odds that it will come back, as well as to reduce the chance of it moving to outside of your breast.


Question: How does breast cancer develop?

Answer: Breast cancer usually begins in a small, confined area in the or glands, which produce milk (lobular carcinoma) or the ducts (ductal carcinoma), which carry it to the nipple. It can grow larger in the breast and spread through channels to nearby lymph nodes or through your bloodstream to other organs. The cancer may grow and invade tissue around the breast, such as the skin or chest wall. Different types of breast cancer grow and spread at different rates -- some take years to spread beyond the breast, while others grow and spread quickly. Some you can control; others you can't. Biopsy. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer. If the tests find breast cancer, you and your doctor will develop a treatment plan to get rid of the cancer, to lower the odds that it will come back, as well as to reduce the chance of it moving to outside of your breast.


Question: Does DNA fingerprinting have medical uses?

Answer: Identify diseases that are passed down through your family. Help find cures for those diseases, called hereditary conditions.


Question: What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer: It can: Physically connect a piece of evidence to a person or rule out someone as a suspect. DNA fingerprinting is extremely accurate.


Question: What is DNA?

Answer: It's used as evidence in courts, to identify bodies, track down blood relatives, and to look for cures for disease. They pair up with another to form what are called base pairs. Your DNA has about 3 billion of these couples. The way they're strung together tells your cells how to make copies of each other. The complete set of your compounds is known as a genome. More than 99.9 % of everyone's genome is exactly alike (100% if you are identical twins). But the tiny bit that's not is what makes you physically and mentally different from someone else. Lab workers treat the sample with chemicals to separate the DNA, which is then dissolved in water.


Question: Should I carry my shopping bags carefully if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Carry carefully. Carry shopping bags over your forearm. You'll spare the weaker joints in your fingers and wrist. Whenever possible, put your purchases in a backpack or bag with a shoulder or cross-body strap.


Question: What should I tell my friends if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Be clear with your friends. Before you head out, be up-front about how your RA affects you. Ask your friends to be flexible. You may need to pare down the schedule a little and take time for breaks. Don't keep mum and then overdo it, or you could risk a flare.


Question: How can I make shopping easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Carry carefully. You'll spare the weaker joints in your fingers and wrist. Whenever possible, put your purchases in a backpack or bag with a shoulder or cross-body strap. If shoulder pain makes it hard to reach high shelves, bring along a reacher -- a rod with a clamp at the end. Lots of stores have motorized scooters. Some have people on staff who can help you.


Question: How does marijuana work to treat migraines?

Answer: Marijuana is another name for cannabis, a bushy plant that's used to make paper, rope, and other products. Inside your brain and other parts of your body, you have a network of cannabinoid receptors. These are tiny loops of protein that affect how you feel pain. Marijuana has natural compounds called cannabinoids. When you use it, these cannabinoids go into your body and look for the receptors. They change how the receptors work, and they can calm down pain signals. Cannabinoids may also help with nausea, anxiety, muscle spasms, or other health problems. THC is the cannabinoid in marijuana that gets most of the attention. It's what makes you feel high or relaxed. But another product made from cannabis called cannabidiol ( CBD) doesn't make you feel intoxicated and may help ease pain. Several states have made it legal for CBD to be used for medical reasons.


Question: Do I need surgery for lichen sclerosus?

Answer: Surgery to remove patches on the genital area of women doesn't happen much, since the patches return. If a woman has severe vaginal scarring that causes problems with sex, surgery can help. But it's only an option once the condition is under control. Surgery to treat lichen sclerosus in men can be a good option. Doctors often do a circumcision, which is removing the foreskin of the penis. After that, the condition probably won't come back.


Question: What are ways to feel better when you have lichen sclerosus?

Answer: Add a few inches of warm water to your bathtub and relax. A bath can help with discomfort caused by itching and scratching. Talk to your doctor about over-the-counter antihistamine skin creams to help with any discomfort. Avoid tight clothing, perfumed genital sprays, harsh skin cleansers, and scented dryer or fabric sheets. It may also help to wear cotton underwear during the day and no underwear when sleeping at night.


Question: What should I do for lichen sclerosus on the genitals?

Answer: Although there's no cure for lichen sclerosus, there are treatments that can help. If you have it on your genitals, you should get it treated, even if you don't have symptoms. When left untreated, it can lead to problems with sex or urination. Patches on other parts of the body usually go away with time.


Question: What are treatments for lichen sclerosus?

Answer: Your doctor will probably first give you a steroid cream to put on the problem area. This can stop the itching. But it may take longer -- a few weeks or months --for the skin to return to a more normal appearance. You may need to use these creams or ointments for a long period of time to keep the condition from coming back. You'll need to keep up with your doctor appointments, since long-term use of steroid creams or ointments can make the skin become red or thin and cause stretch marks. The treatment can also cause genital yeast infections.


Question: What causes lichen sclerosus?

Answer: Doctors don't know why some people get lichen sclerosus. They think it may be due to genes, hormones, an infection, or some combination of these things. Another theory is that your immune system attacks your skin. It may even be caused by an old skin injury.


Question: How is lichen sclerosus diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may do a physical exam and check on how your skin looks. He may order a biopsy, too. That means he will remove a small piece of your skin and send it to a lab to be viewed under a microscope. This will confirm or rule out the diagnosis.


Question: What is lichen sclerosus?

Answer: The condition mostly affects adult women after menopause. But other people can get it, too. Although there's no cure, there are treatments to manage your symptoms. Another theory is that your immune system attacks your skin.


Question: How can I avoid extreme jaw movements to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Keep yawning and chewing (especially gum or ice) to a minimum and don't yell, sing, or do anything that forces you to open wide.


Question: What causes temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: We don't know what causes TMD. Dentists believe symptoms arise from problems with the muscles of your jaw or with the parts of the joint itself. Injury to your jaw, the joint, or the muscles of your head and neck -- like from a heavy blow or whiplash -- can lead to TMD. Other causes include: Grinding or clenching your teeth, which puts a lot of pressure on the joint Movement of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket of the joint Arthritis in the joint Stress, which can cause you to tighten facial and jaw muscles or clench the teeth TMD often causes severe pain and discomfort.


Question: How can trigger-point injections treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Pain medication or anesthesia is injected into tender facial muscles called "trigger points" to give relief.


Question: What are the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Other causes include: Grinding or clenching your teeth, which puts a lot of pressure on the joint Movement of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket of the joint Arthritis in the joint Stress, which can cause you to tighten facial and jaw muscles or clench the teeth TMD often causes severe pain and discomfort. It can be temporary or last many years. It might affect one or both sides of your face. More women than men have it, and it's most common among people between the ages of 20 and 40. Common symptoms include: Pain or tenderness in your face, jaw joint area, neck and shoulders, and in or around the ear when you chew, speak, or open your mouth wide Problems when you try to open your mouth wide Jaws that get "stuck" or "lock" in the open- or closed-mouth position Clicking, popping, or grating sounds in the jaw joint when you open or close your mouth or chew. This may or may not be painful. A tired feeling in your face Trouble chewing or a sudden uncomfortable bite -- as if the upper and lower teeth are not fitting together properly Swelling on the side of your face You may also have toothaches, headaches, neck aches, dizziness, earaches, hearing problems, upper shoulder pain, and ringing in the ears (tinnitus).


Question: How can radio wave therapy treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Other causes include: Grinding or clenching your teeth, which puts a lot of pressure on the joint Movement of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket of the joint Arthritis in the joint Stress, which can cause you to tighten facial and jaw muscles or clench the teeth TMD often causes severe pain and discomfort.


Question: Which foods should you eat if you have temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Cut foods into small pieces so you chew less. Skip hard, crunchy foods (like pretzels and raw carrots), chewy foods (like caramels and taffy), and thick or large bites that require you to open wide.


Question: How should I apply moist heat or cold packs to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Use moist heat or cold packs. Apply an ice pack to the side of your face and temple area for about 10 minutes. Do a few simple jaw stretches (if your dentist or physical therapist OKs them). When you're done, hold a warm towel or washcloth to the side of your face for about 5 minutes. Perform this routine a few times each day.


Question: How does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: This therapy uses low-level electrical currents to provide pain relief by relaxing your jaw joint and facial muscles. It can be done at the dentist's office or at home.


Question: How can a splint or night guard treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: These plastic mouthpieces fit over your upper and lower teeth so they don't touch. They lessen the effects of clenching or grinding and correct your bite by putting your teeth in a more correct position. What's the difference between them? You wear night guards while you sleep. You use a splint all the time. Your dentist will tell you which type you need.


Question: How can low-level laser therapy treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: This lowers pain and inflammation and helps you move your neck more freely and open your mouth wider.


Question: How is arthroscopy used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Arthroscopy is surgery done with an arthroscope. This special tool has a lens and a light on it. It lets your doctor see inside your joint. You'll get general anesthesia, then the doctor will make a small cut in front of your ear and insert the tool. It'll be hooked up to a video screen, so he can examine your joint and the area around it. He may remove inflamed tissue or realign the disc or joint. This type of surgery, known as minimally invasive, leaves a smaller scar, has fewer complications, and requires a shorter recovery time than a major operation.


Question: When do I need surgery to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: Arthroscopy is surgery done with an arthroscope. It'll be hooked up to a video screen, so he can examine your joint and the area around it.


Question: When is open-joint surgery used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

Answer: This may or may not be painful. You may need this type of surgery if: The bony structures in your jaw joint are wearing down You have tumors in or around the joint Your joint is scarred or full of bone chips You'll get general anesthesia, then the doctor will open up the entire area around the joint so he can get a full view and better access. You'll need longer to heal after open-joint surgery, and there is a greater chance of scarring and nerve injury.


Question: When should you call a doctor about insomnia?

Answer: You have begun taking a new medication that could be interrupting your sleep. You notice an uncomfortable, painful, "crawling" sensation in your legs when trying to sleep or when your legs are not moving for prolonged periods (such as when driving or on an airplane flight). You have noticed changes in your mood (such as feeling depressed), energy and appetite -- clues that insomnia may be a possible of a broader health problem such as clinical depression.


Question: What should I eat to protect my heart?

Answer: It really does make a difference if you eat heart-healthy meals. Simple tweaks to your diet can have big benefits whether you want to prevent future problems, already live with high cholesterol or blood pressure, or have heart trouble like atrial fibrillation. Focus on lean meats, vegetables, and whole grains to get long-term benefits for your ticker and your waistline.


Question: How can smaller servings of food help protect my heart?

Answer: Studies show that more people have heart attacks after big meals. Watch out for restaurant portion sizes. The CDC says the amount of food in an average restaurant meal today is like four restaurant meals from the 1950s. Studies show that the bigger the portion you're served, the more you'll eat. The solution? Get in the habit of eating only half of what's on your plate. You can take the rest home. You probably know it's good for you, but not all fish is equal.


Question: How do I choose meats wisely to help protect my heart?

Answer: It absorbs fat while you digest your food and cuts down swelling in your arteries. Or choose pork tenderloin, turkey, or chicken breast instead. Add more fish to your diet. Grill or roast fish that's high in healthy omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, trout, and sardines. Deli meats are often packed with salts, nitrates, and preservatives that can be bad for your heart. Whole chicken breasts and in-house roasted turkey are better.


Question: How much salt should I eat to help protect my heart?

Answer: Simple tweaks to your diet can have big benefits whether you want to prevent future problems, already live with high cholesterol or blood pressure, or have heart trouble like atrial fibrillation. Studies show that more people have heart attacks after big meals. You probably know it's good for you, but not all fish is equal. It has the same amount of sodium. Any type of salt raises your blood pressure. Salt doesn't just come from the shaker. Up to 75% of the salt you eat is from processed foods like soups and frozen meals. Always check the label to find out how much sodium is in it. More than one drink a day for women or two for men raises your odds for heart problems.


Question: What are healthy protein alternatives?

Answer: Other healthy protein alternatives include dried beans and peas, nuts and seeds, low-fat dairy products, and soy products. Protein does not have to come from meat.


Question: Can rinsing and spitting after surgery cause dry socket?

Answer: That includes people who: smoke have poor oral hygiene have wisdom teeth pulled have greater-than-usual trauma during the tooth extraction surgery use birth control pills have a history of dry socket after having teeth pulled Rinsing and spitting a lot or drinking through a straw after having a tooth extracted also can raise your risk of getting dry socket.


Question: What are the symptoms of dry socket?

Answer: Instead of a dark blood clot, there will just be whitish bone. The pain typically starts about 2 days after the tooth was pulled. Over time it becomes more severe and can radiate to your ear. Other symptoms of dry socket include bad breath and an unpleasant smell and taste in your mouth.


Question: How does dry socket develop?

Answer: The socket is the hole in the bone where the tooth has been removed. After a tooth is pulled, a blood clot forms in the socket to protect the bone and nerves underneath. Sometimes that clot can become dislodged or dissolve a couple of days after the extraction. That leaves the bone and nerve exposed to air, food, fluid, and anything else that enters the mouth. This can lead to infection and severe pain that can last for 5 or 6 days.


Question: What happens to my heart during a premature atrial contraction (PAC)?

Answer: The upper two are the âatria.â If your heart's electrical system triggers the early or extra beat in the atria, the result is a premature atrial contraction. A similar condition -- premature ventricular contraction ( PVC) -- starts in the lower chambers, called âventricles,â of your heart. Any time your heart shifts out of its usual rhythm, doctors call it an âarrhythmia.â There are lots of different kinds, including PACs.


Question: What causes premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have a PAC, you might notice: A flutter in your chest Fatigue after exercise Shortness of breath or chest pain Lightheadedness or dizziness Doctors don't always know the cause. But these things can make PACs more likely: Pregnancy High blood pressure, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism Stress or fatigue Caffeine Alcohol Smoking Cold or hay fever medicine Asthma medicine Dehydration Usually, premature atrial contractions have no clear cause and no health risks. In most cases, premature atrial contractions aren't a sign of heart disease and just happen naturally.


Question: What heart conditions are related to premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: But some people who have PACs turn out to have related heart conditions, such as: Cardiomyopathy (a weakened heart muscle) Coronary heart disease (fatty deposits in your blood vessels) If your doctor finds that you have a condition related to the premature heartbeats, you'll work together to make a treatment plan.


Question: What are premature atrial contractions?

Answer: You might also hear it called atrial ectopic beats or atrial premature beats. They're common, and most of the time, they don't need treatment.


Question: What tests can be used to diagnose premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: Based on your symptoms, your doctor may order one or more of these tests: Electrocardiogram, or EKG . This test will show if you have arrhythmia. Holter monitor. This is a portable version of an EKG that you'll wear for 1 or 2 days. It tracks all the electric activity of your heart for your doctor to study. Exercise stress test . This test has you attached to an EKG while doing physical activity like running or walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike. Echocardiogram. This test uses sound waves to measure how well your heart valves and muscles work.


Question: When should I seek medical treatment for premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have single or occasional PACs, there's usually no need to seek medical treatment. But if you have PACs often or if they really bother you, see a doctor.


Question: What are symptoms of premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: When you have a PAC, you might notice: A flutter in your chest Fatigue after exercise Shortness of breath or chest pain Lightheadedness or dizziness Doctors don't always know the cause.


Question: What are the treatments for premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

Answer: If your test results show that you have other heart-related problems, your doctor will recommend a treatment plan for you. Most of the time, though, PACs don't need treatment. If you have severe symptoms or find them bothersome, treatments can include: Lifestyle changes. Lower stress, stop smoking, cut back on caffeine, and treat other health issues like sleep apnea and high blood pressure. Medicines for arrhythmia. Take medications that are used to cut down on or end premature heartbeats.


Question: What relaxation problems may be caused by adult ADHD?

Answer: 6: Restlessness, Trouble Relaxing While many children with ADHD are âhyperactive,â this ADHD symptom often appears differently in adults. Rather than bouncing off the walls, adults with ADHD are more likely to be restless or find they can't relax. If you have adult ADHD, others might describe you as edgy or tense.


Question: What timeliness issues might adult ADHD cause?

Answer: 8: Lateness There are many reasons for this. First, adults with ADHD are often distracted on the way to an event, maybe realizing the car needs to be washed and then noticing they're low on gas, and before they know it an hour has gone by. People with adult ADHD also tend to underestimate how much time it takes to finish a task, whether it's a major assignment at work or a simple home repair.


Question: Can adults get attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: A lot of the time it's not hard to spot ADHD in kids. But adults can have more subtle symptoms. This means many adults struggle with ADHD and may not know they have it. They may not realize that many of the problems they face, including staying organized or being on time, relate back to ADHD.


Question: What distraction issues might adult ADHD cause?

Answer: 4: Extremely Distractible ADHD is a problem with attention, so adult ADHD can make it hard to succeed in today's fast-paced, hustle-bustle world. Many people find that distractibility can lead to a history of career under-performance, especially in noisy or busy offices. If you have adult ADHD, you might find that phone calls or email derail your attention, making it hard for you to finish tasks.


Question: What marriage issues might adult ADHD cause?

Answer: 3: Marital Trouble Many people without ADHD have marital problems, so a troubled marriage shouldn't necessarily be seen as a red flag for adult ADHD. But there are some marriage problems that are likely to affect the relationships of those with ADHD. Often, the partners of people with undiagnosed ADHD take poor listening skills and an inability to honor commitments as a sign that their partner doesn't care. If you're the person with ADHD, you may not understand why your partner is upset, and you may feel you're being nagged or blamed for something that's not your fault.


Question: What driving problems might adult ADHD cause?

Answer: 2: Reckless Driving and Traffic Accidents ADHD makes it hard to keep your attention on a task, so spending time behind the wheel of a car can be hard. ADHD symptoms can make some people more likely to speed, have traffic accidents, and lose their driver's licenses.


Question: What are the top ten warning signs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Answer: Here are 10 potential warning signs of adult ADHD: No. 1: Trouble Getting Organized For people with ADHD, the responsibilities of adulthood -- bills, jobs, and children, to name a few -- can make problems with organization more obvious and more problematic than in childhood. If you think you have adult ADHD, get examined by a trained and experienced mental health professional. It can be hard to diagnose because some possible symptoms -- like poor concentration or motivation, or relationship problems -- can also be signs of other conditions. Depression or substance abuse can have similar symptoms. Once you get checked out, you can get the best help for you and start feeling better.


Question: How is male "menopause" diagnosed?

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects.


Question: What is male "menopause?"

Answer: Because men do not go through a well-defined period referred to as menopause, some doctors refer to this problem as androgen (testosterone) decline in the aging male -- or what some people call low testosterone. It is normal for men to experience a decline in the production of the male hormone testosterone with aging, but this also occurs with conditions such as diabetes.


Question: Can male "menopause" be treated?

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects. Replacing testosterone may worsen prostate cancer and increase the risk of heart disease, for example.


Question: What are symptoms of male "menopause?"

Answer: Along with the decline in testosterone, some men experience symptoms that include: Fatigue Weakness Depression Sexual problems The relationship of these symptoms to decreased testosterone levels is still controversial.


Question: What are lifestyle changes to help symptoms of male "menopause?"

Answer: To make the diagnosis of male "menopause," the doctor will: Perform a physical exam Ask about symptoms Order tests to rule out medical problems that may be contributing to the condition Order blood tests, which may include measuring testosterone level If testosterone levels are low, testosterone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms such as: Loss of interest in sex (decreased libido) Depression Fatigue Just as with hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone replacement therapy has potential risks and side effects. Your doctor may also recommend certain lifestyle or other changes to help with some symptoms of male menopause. These include: Diet Exercise program Medications, such as an antidepressant


Question: How quickly does male "menopause" happen?

Answer: It is normal for men to experience a decline in the production of the male hormone testosterone with aging, but this also occurs with conditions such as diabetes. The testes, unlike the ovaries, do not run out of the substance it needs to make testosterone. A healthy man may be able to make sperm well into his 80s or later. However, as a result of disease, subtle changes in the function of the testes may occur as early as age 45 to 50 and more dramatically after the age of 70 in some men.


Question: What is yohimbe?

Answer: The active ingredient from the bark of yohimbe -- yohimbine -- is used in some prescription drugs for erectile dysfunction. Yohimbine drugs have also been used to ease the sexual side effects of antidepressants and to treat low sex drive in women. However, it's not clear that yohimbe -- the natural product -- has the same benefits as yohimbine. There is no standard dose. The bark extract is sometimes used to make a tea.


Question: How are social and emotional developmental delays in children treated?

Answer: There is no known cure for these conditions. However, treatment may include: special types of behavioral and skill-oriented therapy medication may help some problematic behaviors As with most types of delays, early treatment can make a big difference in the progress your child makes. Depending upon the diagnosis, treatment may also include play therapy or steps to aid attachment between parent and child.


Question: What are cognitive developmental delays in children?

Answer: By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not smile at people does not pay attention to new faces, or seems frightened by them By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: refuses to cuddle shows no affection for parents or caregivers shows no enjoyment around people cannot be comforted at night (after 5 months) does not smile without prompting (by 5 months) does not laugh or squeal (by 6 months) shows no interest in games of peek-a-boo (by 8 months) By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: shows no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or facial expressions (at 9 months) shows no back-and-forth gestures, such as waving, reaching, or pointing Problems with thinking, or cognitive delays, may be due to one or more of these reasons: genetic defects significant medical problems before birth exposure to something harmful in the environment, such as a toxin neglect Possible causes.


Question: How are language and speech developmental delays in children treated?

Answer: If you or your child's doctor suspects a speech delay, a referral will be placed for an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. This specialist may test your child's hearing, assess your child's receptive and expressive language and then plan for speech therapy sessions with your child. If the delay is mild, the specialist or doctor may suggest that you: communicate more with your child -- talk, sing, and encourage repetition read daily to your child reinforce speech and language throughout the day get treatment for middle ear infections Warning signs of speech or language delays.


Question: What causes cognitive developmental delays in children?

Answer: Causes of cognitive delays include: a wide range of different learning disabilities exposure to alcohol or toxins before birth or afterward, including lead poisoning institutionalization or neglect during infancy or early childhood Down syndrome and other genetic disorders autism spectrum disorder severe newborn medical problems no known cause Types of treatment for cognitive delays.


Question: What are the types of treatment for vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: Early treatment can help correct many vision problems. Depending on the eye problem your child has, he or she may need: glasses or contact lenses special glasses surgery an eye patch Warning signs of vision problems.


Question: What are possible causes of social and emotional developmental delays in children?

Answer: Some causes of social and emotional delays include: neglect from early institutionalization or parental neglect ineffective parenting or attachment problems cognitive delays an unknown cause Another common cause of social and emotional developmental delays fall under the umbrella diagnosis autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). This was previously referred to as pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD), autism, asperger's and other names. ASD includes disorders that can cause a child have difficulty communicating, have repetitive behaviors and have language problems.


Question: What causes language and speech developmental delays in children?

Answer: A variety of problems may cause language and speech delays, including: exposure to more than one language -- which can cause mild delays in toddlers but not delays by the time they reach school age a learning disability child abuse or neglect a problem with the muscles controlling speech -- a disorder called dysarthria hearing loss, which may occur in children who have severe middle ear infections or occur as a result of certain medications, trauma, or genetic disorders autism spectrum disorders -- a group of neurological disorders that may involve impaired communication as well as impaired social interaction and cognitive skills no cause can be found Types of treatment.


Question: What are motor skill developmental delays in children?

Answer: Motor skill developmental delays may be related to problems with gross motor skills, such as crawling or walking, or fine motor skills, such as using fingers to grasp a spoon.


Question: What are possible causes of motor skill developmental delays in children?

Answer: Children who are born prematurely may not develop muscles at the same rate as other children. Other possible causes of motor delays include: ataxia, a defect that impairs muscle coordination cerebral palsy, a condition caused by brain damage before birth cognitive delays myopathy, a disease of the muscles problems with vision spina bifida, a genetic condition causing partial or total paralysis of the lower part of the body Types of treatment for motor skill delays.


Question: What are the types of developmental delay in children?

Answer: There are many different types of developmental delays in infants and young children. They include problems with: language or speech vision movement -- motor skills social and emotional skills thinking -- cognitive skills Sometimes, a delay occurs in many or all of these areas.


Question: Are language and speech developmental delays common in children?

Answer: Speech delays in toddlers are common. In fact, language and speech problems are the most common type of developmental delay. Speech refers to verbal expression, including the way words are formed. Language is a broader system of expressing and receiving information, such as being able to understand gestures.


Question: What are vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to loud noises does not babble begins babbling but does not try to imitate sounds (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to sounds By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not use any single words (like "mama") does not understand words like "bye bye'' or "no" By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot speak at least 15 words does not use two-word phrases without repetition; can only imitate speech does not use speech to communicate more than immediate needs Until 6 months, a newborn's vision is normally blurry. Then it improves as the child begins to coordinate sight in both eyes. However, sometimes this does not happen or other vision problems show up.


Question: What are warning signs of motor skill developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not reach for, grasp, or hold objects does not support his or her head well does not bring objects to his or her mouth (by 4 months) does not push down with legs when his or her feet are placed on a firm surface (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: has stiff and tight or very floppy muscles flops his or her head when pulled into a sitting position reaches with one hand only or does not actively reach for objects has trouble getting objects to his or her mouth doesn't roll over in either direction (by 5 months) cannot sit up without help (by 6 months) does not bear weight on his or her legs when you pull him or her up to a standing position By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not crawl drags one side of his or her body while crawling cannot stand when supported By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot walk (by 18 months) does not develop a heel-to-toe walking pattern or walks only on toes cannot push a wheeled toy Children may experience problems interacting with adults or other children, called social and/or emotional developmental delays. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned.


Question: What are warning signs of vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not follow moving objects with his or her eyes does not notice hands (by 2 months) has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions crosses eyes most of the time By 6 months, contact the doctor if your child: has one or both eyes turning in or out all the time experiences constant tearing or eye drainage does not follow near objects (1 foot away) or far objects (6 feet away) with both eyes If your child's doctor notes any problems, the doctor may refer your child to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned.


Question: What causes vision developmental delays in children?

Answer: Speech delays in toddlers are common. Other eye problems include: amblyopia (lazy eye), poor vision in one eye that may also appear to turn outward infantile cataracts -- a clouding of the eye's lens -- or another inherited problem (these problems are rare) retinopathy of prematurity, an eye disease that sometimes affects premature infants strabismus -- also called cross eyes -- eyes that turn in, out, up, or down Types of treatment for vision delays.


Question: What should I know about developmental delays in children?

Answer: These delays are significant lags in one or more areas of emotional, mental, or physical growth. If your child experiences a delay, early treatment is the best way to help him or her make progress or even to catch up. When that happens, it is called "global developmental delay." Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated.


Question: What are warning signs of cognitive developmental delays in children?

Answer: Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned. By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not search for objects that are hidden while he or she watches does not use gestures, such as waving does not point to objects or pictures By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: does not know the function of common objects, such as a hairbrush, telephone, or spoon does not follow simple instructions does not imitate actions or words Remember: There is a wide range of normal development in children.


Question: What are social and emotional developmental delays in children?

Answer: Usually these problems show up before a child begins school. Warning signs of social or emotional delays.


Question: What should I keep in mind regarding developmental delays in children?

Answer: As you watch your child grow, remember that each child develops at his or her own pace and the range of normal is quite wide. There are many different types of developmental delays in infants and young children. Even children who do have serious delays can make big improvements when treatment begins as early as possible. If you have any doubts, talk to your child's health care provider, and make sure you adhere to the suggested schedule for well child visits.


Question: What are warning signs of speech or language developmental delays in children?

Answer: By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to loud noises does not babble begins babbling but does not try to imitate sounds (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to sounds By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not use any single words (like "mama") does not understand words like "bye bye'' or "no" By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot speak at least 15 words does not use two-word phrases without repetition; can only imitate speech does not use speech to communicate more than immediate needs Until 6 months, a newborn's vision is normally blurry. Contact your child's doctor if your child has any of the following signs at the age that's indicated. In addition, watch for any loss of skills that have already been learned. By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not smile at people does not pay attention to new faces, or seems frightened by them By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: refuses to cuddle shows no affection for parents or caregivers shows no enjoyment around people cannot be comforted at night (after 5 months) does not smile without prompting (by 5 months) does not laugh or squeal (by 6 months) shows no interest in games of peek-a-boo (by 8 months) By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: shows no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or facial expressions (at 9 months) shows no back-and-forth gestures, such as waving, reaching, or pointing Problems with thinking, or cognitive delays, may be due to one or more of these reasons: genetic defects significant medical problems before birth exposure to something harmful in the environment, such as a toxin neglect Possible causes.


Question: What are the symptoms of indigestion?

Answer: You might have: Bloating Belching and gas Nausea and vomiting An acidic taste in your mouth Fullness during or after a meal Growling stomach Burning in your stomach or upper belly Belly pain These symptoms might be worse when you're stressed. If you swallow too much air when you eat, that can make belching and bloating worse. People often have indigestion along with heartburn (a burning feeling deep in the chest), which happens when stomach acids rise into the esophagus.


Question: When should I call the doctor about indigestion?

Answer: Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious health problem, let your doctor know if you have any of the following symptoms: Vomiting or blood in your vomit. It may look like coffee grounds. Weight loss you can't explain Loss of appetite Stools that are bloody, black, or tarry Severe pain in your upper-right belly Pain in the upper- or lower-right parts of your belly Feeling uncomfortable even if you haven't eaten A heart attack can cause symptoms that feel like indigestion. Get medical help right away if you have shortness of breath, sweating, or pain that spreads along your jaw, neck, or arm.


Question: What is the treatment for indigestion?

Answer: Indigestion often goes away on its own after a few hours. But let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse. Any treatment you get will depend on what's causing your indigestion. You can also do some things on your own to ease your symptoms: Try not to chew with your mouth open, talk while you chew, or eat too fast. This makes you swallow too much air, which can add to indigestion. Drink beverages after rather than during meals. Avoid late-night eating. Try to relax after meals. Avoid spicy foods. If you smoke, quit. Avoid alcohol.


Question: What does indigestion indicate?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own. Any treatment you get will depend on what the cause is.