Question: How does tuberculosis (TB) affect your body?

Answer: A TB infection doesn't mean you'll get sick. There are two forms of the disease: Latent TB: You have the germs in your body, but your immune system stops them from spreading. That means you don't have any symptoms and you're not contagious. But the infection is still alive in your body and can one day become active. If you are at high risk for re-activation â for instance, you have HIV, your primary infection was in the last 2 years, your chest X-ray is abnormal, or you are immunocompromised --- your doctor will treat you with antibiotics to lower the risk for developing active TB. Active TB disease: This means the germs multiply and can make you sick. You can spread the disease to others. Ninety percent of adult cases of active TB are from the reactivation of a latent TB infection.


Question: What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: There aren't any for latent TB. You'll need to get a skin or blood test to find out if you're infected. But there are usually signs if you have active TB disease. They include: A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks Chest pain Coughing up blood Feeling tired all the time Night sweats Chills Fever Loss of appetite Weight loss If you experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor to get tested. Get medical help right away if you have chest pain.


Question: How can your immune system affect your risk for tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: But if you have any of the following, you might not be able to fend off active TB disease: HIV or AIDS Diabetes Severe kidney disease Head and neck cancers Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy Low body weight and malnutrition Medications for organ transplants Certain drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis Babies and young children also are at greater risk, because their immune systems aren't fully formed.


Question: Whoâs at risk for tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: You can only get TB if you come into contact with others who have it. Here are some situations that could increase your risk: A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB disease. You live or have traveled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. You're part of a group where TB is more likely to spread, or you work or live with someone who is. This includes homeless people, people with HIV, and IV drug users. You work or live in a hospital or nursing home.


Question: What is tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer: A type of bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the 20th century, TB was a leading cause of death in the United States. Today, most cases are cured with antibiotics. If you are at high risk for re-activation â for instance, you have HIV, your primary infection was in the last 2 years, your chest X-ray is abnormal, or you are immunocompromised --- your doctor will treat you with antibiotics to lower the risk for developing active TB. You can spread the disease to others. TB is contagious, but it's not easy to catch.


Question: What are warning signs of suicide risk in someone who has bipolar disorder?

Answer: The very nature of self-injury is physical damage to one's body. It's important for the self-injurer to seek help. Warning signs of suicide may include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, changing a will Hoarding pills Unusual interest in nationally publicized disasters or suicides If you or a loved one has both bipolar disorder and, in addition, self-injurious behavior, it's vital that you work with your doctor to jointly manage your illness.


Question: What should you do if your bipolar symptoms are getting worse?

Answer: If you feel your bipolar symptoms are worsening, contact your doctor immediately. Sometimes a change in medication or dosage is all that's needed to treat breakthrough symptoms of depression or mania/hypomania.


Question: What is the goal of breast cancer surgery?

Answer: The goal of breast cancer surgery is to remove the tumor itself and a portion of surrounding tissue, while conserving as much of the breast as possible. Various breast cancer surgery techniques differ in the amount of breast tissue that is removed with the tumor, and that depends on the tumor location, extent of spread, and the individual's personal feelings. The surgeon also removes some lymph nodes under the arm as part of the operation so they can be tested for the presence of cancer cells. This will help your doctor plan your treatment after surgery.


Question: What is breast conserving surgery?

Answer: A specific surgical procedure may be recommended based on the size, location, or your genetic risk factors. Some of the procedures you may discuss with your doctor include: Breast conserving surgery (also known as lumpectomy, partial or segmental mastectomy, or quadrantectomy) - removes a portion of the breast Mastectomy - Removes the whole breast.


Question: What type of breast cancer surgery is mastectomy?

Answer: Some of the procedures you may discuss with your doctor include: Breast conserving surgery (also known as lumpectomy, partial or segmental mastectomy, or quadrantectomy) - removes a portion of the breast Mastectomy - Removes the whole breast. Types include: Total mastectomy Skin-sparing mastectomy Modified radical mastectomy Radical mastectomy (rarely performed) You should thoroughly discuss these surgical options with your doctor to achieve the best outcome. Whichever type of surgery is your best option, you will be able to return home after a short stay in the hospital.


Question: What are soluble fibers?

Answer: All types of soluble fibers slow digestion, so it takes longer for your body to absorb sugar (glucose) from the foods you eat. This helps prevent quick spikes in your blood sugar levels -- an important part of managing diabetes. Soluble fibers also bind with fatty acids, flushing them out of the body and helping to lower LDL (bad) cholesterol.


Question: How much fiber do I need?

Answer: Women 50 and younger should try to get 25 grams a day, and men should shoot for 38 grams.


Question: How can I get fiber?

Answer: Most of us get both types of fiber from foods and supplements. You can get the nutrient from fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, and grains. But if you don't get enough from your diet, fiber supplements can help fill in the gap.


Question: How is paronychia treated at home?

Answer: For paronychia, a skin rash around the nails, avoiding moisture can be helpful. Oral itraconazole ( Sporanox) or fluconazole ( Diflucan) can also be helpful and can be prescribed by a doctor. Topical antifungal and topical corticosteroids are also used.


Question: Can candidal (yeast) infections be treated at home?

Answer: PerlÃ¨che is treated with topical antiyeast or antifungal agents, and often with a mild corticosteroid cream. Limit lip licking of the corners of the mouth.


Question: What is the acai berry?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The acai berry is an inch-long, reddish-purple fruit. It comes from the acai palm tree, which is native to Central and South America. Some studies show that acai fruit pulp is even richer in antioxidants than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.


Question: Do acai berries have any side effects?

Answer: When eaten in moderate amounts, though, acai is likely safe.


Question: How are acai berries used ib beauty products?

Answer: Acai oil may be a safe alternative to other tropical oils used in beauty products, such as facial and body creams, anti-aging skin therapies, shampoos, and conditioners. When acai oil is processed and stored long-term, the antioxidant levels remain high.


Question: What are the health benefits of acai berries?

Answer: But so far, acai berries have no known health benefit that's different from similar fruits.


Question: Do acai berries help weight loss?

Answer: Acai berries are touted as a superfood with anti-aging and weight loss properties. But so far, acai berries have no known health benefit that's different from similar fruits. The jury's still out on whether there is something special about acai's ability to help shed excess pounds.


Question: How do you stop the spread of pubic lice and eggs?

Answer: Check other family members for crabs. Anyone who sleeps in the same bed as the person should be treated, even if no pubic lice are found. Wash clothes, bedding, or towels used by the person in the two days before treatment. Use hot water. Dry-clean or store Items that can't be washed in a plastic bag for 2 weeks. Treatment may need to be repeated 9 to 10 days later. Avoid sexual contact until the person and sexual partners have been treated and re-evaluated.


Question: How are migraines in kids treated?

Answer: For some kids, sleep is enough to make a migraine go away. Let your child rest in a dark, quiet room. Putting a cool compress on their forehead or across their eyes may help. Your doctor may suggest medicine. It might include: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen Special migraine drugs called triptans Medicines to help with vomiting and nausea Drugs to prevent migraines, if they happen a lot You may also want to talk to the doctor about teaching your child relaxation techniques. If he can learn how to breathe deeply or relax his muscles, it may help ease his pain.


Question: How do doctors diagnose migraines in kids?

Answer: Keep track of: When your child has migraines, including what time of day How long they last Where the pain is How bad the pain is Other symptoms Triggers or warning signs that you or your child noticed before the migraine hit Anything that made the migraines better or worse Your child's doctor can use the diary to learn more about the migraines and their triggers. This may help him find the best treatment. You'll probably get questions about symptoms and any other health problems your kid has. Your child's doctor will probably also ask if anyone else in your family has migraines.


Question: What do kids with migraines go through?

Answer: They can have pain on the front or both sides of their head. It usually feels like it's throbbing. The pain can last less than an hour or as long as a day or so. In severe cases, it can last about a week. Sometimes, kids with a migraine feel dizzy or sick to their stomach. Their vision might be blurry. Sounds, smells, or bright lights may bother them. Young children with migraine might not have pain. Instead, they may have stomach problems and dizziness that keep coming back.


Question: Why are migraines scary for kids?

Answer: You may even be able to prevent a migraine from happening. It can help your doctor figure out what's happening if you keep a headache diary of your child's migraines. For some kids, sleep is enough to make a migraine go away. You never know when your child might have a migraine.


Question: How can you improve your A1c test results?

Answer: If you think of daily blood sugar testing like a pop quiz, the A1c test is a midterm. Steady daily blood sugar control improves your A1c score, which shows your past efforts. Take your diabetes drugs and make sure you eat healthy, get exercise, and follow the other heart-healthy guidelines below. This will help you reach your A1c goal.


Question: Is high blood pressure common in people with diabetes?

Answer: Tips for Heart- Healthy Living With Diabetes B is for Blood Pressure and Diabetes About 70% of people with diabetes either have high blood pressure -- a score of at least 140/90 (read as "140 over 90") -- or use prescription drugs to keep their blood pressure down. High blood pressure raises your chance of having other health problems that diabetes can cause, like eye disease and kidney damage. It also makes you more likely to have heart disease and stroke.


Question: What are the "ABCs" of preventing heart disease and stroke in diabetes?

Answer: Tips for Heart- Healthy Living With Diabetes Keeping control of your â ABCs" -- A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol -- can go a long way to help prevent heart disease, stroke, and other heart problems when you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. And your heart health is very important: You are two to four times more likely to have strokes and heart disease if you have diabetes. Follow these guidelines for heart-healthy living to meet your ABC goals. Your doctor may tailor your goals based on your age, blood sugar (also called glucose) levels, and heart or other diabetes-linked problems you may have.


Question: What is a healthy level of cholesterol if you have diabetes?

Answer: Have your cholesterol checked at least once a year. Aim for these scores: LDL below 100 for most people with diabetes under the age of 40 or those without heart disease. Experts advise a goal below 70 if you have had a heart attack or other heart problem. HDL above 50 for women, and above 40 for men. Triglycerides lower than 150.


Question: What can you do to improve your blood pressure if you have diabetes?

Answer: Get more exercise to help control your A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.


Question: What are the best ways to prevent heart disease and stroke if you have diabetes?

Answer: Improve Your ABCs With Heart- Healthy Living Your doctor will likely advise you to eat well and exercise most days to help manage your ABCs. These tips can help you get there: Watch Your Blood Sugar: Keep clear records of your blood sugar levels. Write down anything that may have affected your blood sugar. Then you can see how diet, exercise, and any drugs you take affect your readings. Talk to your doctor or diabetes team about what you can do to improve your blood sugar control. Control Your Weight: If you're overweight, lose weight by eating healthier. Get more exercise to help control your A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Get Moving: Do 30 to 60 minutes of combined aerobic and strength training exercises, such as brisk walking or lifting weights, on most days. Even without weight loss, being active helps your diabetes control. Eat Healthy: Fill your plate with lots of fruits and vegetables. Choose foods low in salt and sugar. Eat plenty of fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains like brown rice and oatmeal. Choose heart-healthy fats such as olive and canola oil, fatty fish, nuts, and avocados. If you drink alcohol, do it in moderation. Take Drugs as Prescribed: Take your diabetes drugs exactly as your doctor advises, even when you feel healthy. Quit Smoking: If you're a smoker, get help to quit. Try a smoking cessation program to boost your chance of success. Get Support: Ask your family and friends to help you stick to a heart-healthy lifestyle.


Question: How can you improve your cholesterol if you have diabetes?

Answer: How Can You Improve Your Blood Pressure? Other things that raise your risk of heart disease and stroke are included in a calculation to find out if you will need medication to lower your cholesterol. Eat a mix of colorful fruits and vegetables. Make other foods that are low in saturated and trans fat and cholesterol, and high in whole-grain fiber, a big part of your diet. Control Your Weight: If you're overweight, lose weight by eating healthier.


Question: How does keeping control of your A1c lower your risk of other diseases affiliated with diabetes?

Answer: Keeping control of your blood sugar over time helps lower your risk of problems such as kidney, nerve, and eye disease. It's a way to check how well you control your blood sugar over time. It also makes you more likely to have heart disease and stroke.


Question: What is a healthy blood pressure level if you have diabetes?

Answer: You could also use a blood pressure monitor at home to check your blood pressure more often. Have your cholesterol checked at least once a year. Aim for these scores: LDL below 100 for most people with diabetes under the age of 40 or those without heart disease.


Question: What is adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID)?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. ADA- SCID is a serious disease that usually shows up early in life. Treatments can help, though, and people who get treatment before an infection happens can live long, healthy lives.


Question: How is adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) treated?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral medications to treat any existing infections. Your doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent new infections. A baby or child with ADA- SCID may need to spend some time in an isolated hospital room, but his parents will be able to be with him. The key is how soon you start treatment.


Question: What are treatments for adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID)?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. You get ADA- SCID only if both your parents pass on a copy of a faulty gene to you. Although it doesn't cure the disease, enzyme replacement therapy ( ERT) may help your immune system work better and prevent infections. It's most successful in infants, and when the donor stem cells come from a close relative. In some cases, people need chemotherapy before getting a transplant to kill damaged cells first. In these studies, researchers add healthy genes to your own cells in a lab and transplant them back into your body to correct faulty cells.


Question: What are symptoms of adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID)?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. ADA- SCID is a serious disease that usually shows up early in life. If your baby has this disease, he may have a lot of infections in different parts of his body, including: Ear Sinus Mouth Lung Skin It's common for babies to get infections. They may also grow slowly and have delayed progress in other development areas like motor and social skills.


Question: What do you need to know about adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID)?

Answer: With adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency ( ADA- SCID), your body's defenses stop working because of a problem with your genes. As a result, your body doesn't make enough of a certain tool, called an enzyme, that helps your white blood cells protect you from getting sick. Without that protection, you can easily get infections. With treatment, you can manage symptoms and avoid infections. Left untreated, the body becomes less and less able to fight infections, which can be life-threatening.


Question: How are podiatrists educated?

Answer: Podiatrists are doctors, but they don't go to traditional medical school. They have their own schools and professional associations. They also have " DPM" (doctor of podiatric medicine) after their names instead of " MD" (medical doctor). Podiatrists can do surgery, reset broken bones, prescribe drugs, and order lab tests or X-rays. They often work closely with other specialists when a problem affects your feet or lower legs. In the U. S., podiatrists are licensed and regulated by state governments.


Question: How long do podiatrists attend podiatry school?

Answer: Most get a bachelor's degree in biology or a similar field of science. Then they go to podiatry school for 4 years. They study how bones, nerves, and muscles work together to help you move. They also study the illnesses and injuries that can affect your feet. That includes how to diagnose them and treat them and how to fix the feet with surgery if needed.


Question: How do podiatrists treat arthritis?

Answer: This results from inflammation, swelling, and wear and tear on your joints. Each foot has 33 joints. A podiatrist might recommend physical therapy, drugs, or special shoes or inserts to help with your arthritis. Surgery also might be an option if other treatments don't work well for you.


Question: Who are podiatrists?

Answer: They can treat injuries as well as complications from ongoing health issues like diabetes. They often work closely with other specialists when a problem affects your feet or lower legs.


Question: How do podiatrists treat bunions, hammertoes, or heel spurs?

Answer: These are problems with the bones in your feet. A bunion happens when the joint at the base of your big toe gets bigger or knocked out of place. That makes the toe bend toward the others. A hammertoe is one that doesn't bend the right way. A common cause of heel pain is heel spurs, a buildup of calcium at the bottom of your heel bone.


Question: How long might it take for you to feel better after rotator cuff surgery?

Answer: Most people don't get instant pain relief from surgery. It may take a few months before your shoulder starts feeling better. Until then, your doctor will advise you to take over-the-counter pain relievers. Opioid painkillers are also an option, but come with the risk of addiction. If your doctor prescribes them, it's crucial to take them only as directed. Stop using them as soon as your pain goes away or when your pain can be controlled by other medications like acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.


Question: Do you need general anesthesia for rotator cuff surgery?

Answer: Both of these surgeries can be done under general anesthesia, which allows you to sleep through the whole thing. They can also be done with a âregional block,â which allows you to stay awake while your arm and shoulder stay numb. You can talk to your doctor ahead of time about the type of anesthesia you prefer.


Question: What causes rotator cuff problems?

Answer: It also helps keep your shoulder joint in place. But sometimes, the rotator cuff tendons tear or get pinched by the bones around them. An injury, like falling on your arm, can cause this to happen. But wear and tear over time can take its toll on your shoulder, too. The pain can be severe. You may need surgery if: Your shoulder hasn't improved after 6 to 12 months You've lost a lot of strength in your shoulder and find it painful to move You have a tear in your rotator cuff tendon You're active and rely on your shoulder strength for your job or to play sports Surgery can relieve your pain and restore function to your shoulder.


Question: Will you need physical therapy after surgery for a rotator cuff problem?

Answer: Physical therapy will help restore your shoulder strength. Your doctor will give you exercises to do every day or you can work with a physical therapist. The movements you learn will help you regain your shoulder strength and range of motion. While the recovery from rotator cuff surgery can be a challenge, most people are back to their normal routine within 6 months.


Question: How do you treat a rotator cuff problem?

Answer: Some rotator cuff problems are easily treated at home. Your doctor will tell you to rest your shoulder joint and ice the area. Over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can help ease your pain and swelling while your rotator cuff heals. Physical therapy will help restore your shoulder strength.


Question: How long does recovery from surgery for a rotator cuff problem take?

Answer: Your rotator cuff is a group of tendons and muscles in your shoulder. For others, you may need to stay in a hospital. Open tendon repair. This surgery has been around a long time.


Question: What is an arthroscopic repair for fixing a rotator cuff problem?

Answer: You may need surgery if: Your shoulder hasn't improved after 6 to 12 months You've lost a lot of strength in your shoulder and find it painful to move You have a tear in your rotator cuff tendon You're active and rely on your shoulder strength for your job or to play sports Surgery can relieve your pain and restore function to your shoulder. These will let him see which parts of your rotator cuff are damaged and how best to fix them.


Question: What side effects are associated with sclerotherapy?

Answer: You may experience certain side effects after sclerotherapy. There are milder effects, such as itching, which can last for one or two days after the procedure. Also, you may experience raised, red areas at the injection site. These should disappear within a few days. Bruising may also occur around the injection side and can last several days or weeks.


Question: What are side effects of sclerotherapy?

Answer: Other side effects of sclerotherapy include: Larger veins that have been injected may become lumpy and hard and may require several months to dissolve and fade. Brown lines or spots may appear at the vein site. In most cases, they disappear within three to six months. New, tiny blood vessels may occur at the site of sclerotherapy treatment. These tiny veins can appear days or weeks after the procedure, but should fade within three to twelve months without further treatment.


Question: When is sclerotherapy not recommended?

Answer: Sclerotherapy is not recommended in the following circumstances: If you are pregnant If you have had a blood clot in the past, your eligibility will depend on the overall health of the area needing treatment as well as the reason for the clot. Veins that are potentially usable for future heart bypass surgery will generally not be considered for sclerotherapy, unless they are already deemed unusable.


Question: Do health insurance plans cover sclerotherapy?

Answer: If your varicose veins are causing medical problems such as pain, achy legs, or chronic swelling, your insurance may offer reimbursement. If you are pursuing sclerotherapy for cosmetic purposes only, your insurance carrier most likely will not provide coverage. If you have questions, please call your insurance company. Your insurance company may request a letter from your doctor concerning the nature of your treatment and medical necessity.


Question: What is sclerotherapy?

Answer: Sclerotherapy, a proven medical procedure that has been in use since the 1930s, is used to eliminate varicose veins and spider veins. During the procedure a solution (generally a salt or an irritating solution) is injected directly into the vein. The solution irritates the lining of the blood vessel, causing it to swell and stick together and the blood to clot. Over time, the vessel turns into scar tissue that fades from view.


Question: What things should you avoid for 48 after sclerotherapy?

Answer: Also, for 48 hours after treatment, you should avoid: Hot baths Hot compresses to the treated area Whirlpools or saunas Direct exposure to sunlight Long airplane flights Showers are permitted, but the water should be cooler than usual. The injection sites may be washed with a mild soap and tepid water.


Question: How do you know if sclerotherapy might be right for you?

Answer: Prior to sclerotherapy, you will have an initial consultation with a dermatologist or vascular medicine specialist who will determine if the procedure is right for you.


Question: How is sclerotherapy done?

Answer: During sclerotherapy, the sclerosing solution is injected through a very fine needle directly into the vein. At this point, you may experience mild discomfort and/or cramping for one to two minutes, especially when larger veins are injected. Sclerotherapy is performed in the doctor's office by a dermatologist or a surgeon, and the procedure itself takes approximately 15 to 45 minutes. The number of veins injected in one session depends on the size and location of the veins, as well as your general medical condition.


Question: When should I call 911 for my child's migraine?

Answer: You can't wake up the child. The child has slurred speech, confusion, weakness in limbs, or trouble walking. The headache is the worst the child's ever had.


Question: How do small habits help you lose weight?

Answer: Find your way to steadier ground by committing to a few small, simple habits. You'll keep moving toward your goal, while your small habits build into larger ones that can permanently change your behavior. Weight loss takes time.


Question: How can small habits lead to big change in weight loss?

Answer: You'll keep moving toward your goal, while your small habits build into larger ones that can permanently change your behavior. Adding one small habit after another leads you to powerful healthy habits that you can use to keep your weight under control.


Question: What are examples of ways to trigger yourself to keep healthy habits?

Answer: You can use a trigger to remind you to do your chosen habit. To trigger yourself to drink water, for instance, you could: Create a time on your calendar to "meet" with a glass of water. Associate your habit with something you do every day. Whenever you turn on water to wash your hands, for example, use it to trigger you to drink water.


Question: How can you treat corneal infections?

Answer: This virus is the most common eye infection that causes blindness in the U. S. Depending on the cause, treatment for corneal infections may include: Antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, or steroidal eye drops Topical or oral antiviral medication Phototherapeutic keratectomy (laser surgery) Corneal transplant Corneal dystrophies are somewhat rare conditions that cause changes to the cornea.


Question: How does herpes zoster (shingles) affect my cornea?

Answer: This infection is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. In some people, the infection becomes active again later in life, causing a painful, blistering rash called shingles. Shingles that develop on the face, head, or neck can also affect the cornea. Forty percent of people who get shingles in those areas will develop it on the cornea.


Question: How can corneal injuries occur?

Answer: Depending on the cause, symptoms of corneal damage may include: Redness and swelling of the eye tissues and eyelid Tearing Blurred vision Irritation Sensitivity to light Sensation of something in the eye Eye discharge Milky or cloudy area on the cornea Vision loss Corneal injuries can occur when a foreign object gets in the eye or from something striking the eye. This can cause cuts or scratches to the cornea. Common causes of cornea injury include: Chemical irritation An object in the eye, such as sand or dust Something striking the eye, such as a tree branch Radiation injury from the sun, sun lamps, welding, or sun reflected on snow (snow blindness) Complications of contact lens wear Minor corneal abrasions heal quickly, usually within two days.


Question: How long do corneal abrasions take to heal?

Answer: Common causes of cornea injury include: Chemical irritation An object in the eye, such as sand or dust Something striking the eye, such as a tree branch Radiation injury from the sun, sun lamps, welding, or sun reflected on snow (snow blindness) Complications of contact lens wear Minor corneal abrasions heal quickly, usually within two days. More serious wounds take longer to heal and can cause irritation, pain, tearing, and redness. If the cornea becomes deeply scarred it can cause vision problems.


Question: How do you know if you have corneal damage?

Answer: Depending on the cause, symptoms of corneal damage may include: Redness and swelling of the eye tissues and eyelid Tearing Blurred vision Irritation Sensitivity to light Sensation of something in the eye Eye discharge Milky or cloudy area on the cornea Vision loss Corneal injuries can occur when a foreign object gets in the eye or from something striking the eye.


Question: What does the treatment for corneal infections include?

Answer: This virus is the most common eye infection that causes blindness in the U. S. Depending on the cause, treatment for corneal infections may include: Antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, or steroidal eye drops Topical or oral antiviral medication Phototherapeutic keratectomy (laser surgery) Corneal transplant Corneal dystrophies are somewhat rare conditions that cause changes to the cornea.


Question: How does Fuchs' dystrophy affect the body?

Answer: Here are a few of the more common types of corneal dystrophies: Fuchs' dystrophy progresses slowly, usually affecting people in their 50s and 60s. The condition damages the endothelial cells in the cornea. Symptoms include swelling and blistering of the cornea, blurred vision, pain, and vision problems. Early on, drops, ointments, and special contact lenses may ease symptoms. At later stages, corneal transplants successfully restore vision.


Question: What are corneal opacities?

Answer: The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped area that covers the front of the eye. Light passes through the cornea before reaching the retina in the back of the eye, and so it must remain clear so light can pass through. Corneal opacities can cause anything from minor irritation to vision problems and even blindness. In fact, corneal problems are the fourth leading cause of blindness (after glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration).


Question: How often should I visit my doctor to prevent corneal opacities?

Answer: Have regular eye exams. Many eye conditions can be detected early, before symptoms develop. Also be sure to see your eye doctor right away if you injure your eye or develop any unusual eye symptoms or vision problems.


Question: How do you get a corneal injury?

Answer: Depending on the cause, symptoms of corneal damage may include: Redness and swelling of the eye tissues and eyelid Tearing Blurred vision Irritation Sensitivity to light Sensation of something in the eye Eye discharge Milky or cloudy area on the cornea Vision loss Corneal injuries can occur when a foreign object gets in the eye or from something striking the eye. This can cause cuts or scratches to the cornea. Common causes of cornea injury include: Chemical irritation An object in the eye, such as sand or dust Something striking the eye, such as a tree branch Radiation injury from the sun, sun lamps, welding, or sun reflected on snow (snow blindness) Complications of contact lens wear Minor corneal abrasions heal quickly, usually within two days.


Question: How do you get corneal opacities?

Answer: Injury, infection, and certain eye diseases can cause corneal opacities.


Question: How do I know if I am at risk for corneal opacities?

Answer: Know your family history for eye diseases. Because corneal dystrophies are hereditary, you may be at risk if someone in your family has eye disease.


Question: What can you do to prevent corneal opacities?

Answer: Although corneal opacities have many causes, there are a few things you can do to help prevent damage to your cornea: Wear protective eyewear. Protect your eyes with goggles or safety glasses during activities that can cause eye injury. This includes using power tools, chopping wood, or handling chemicals. Also be sure to wear sunglasses when spending time outdoors. Make sure your children also wear sunglasses. Use contact lenses correctly. Follow your eye doctor's instructions for properly handling, storing, disinfecting, and discarding and replacing soft contact lenses. Have regular eye exams. Many eye conditions can be detected early, before symptoms develop. Also be sure to see your eye doctor right away if you injure your eye or develop any unusual eye symptoms or vision problems. Know your family history for eye diseases. Because corneal dystrophies are hereditary, you may be at risk if someone in your family has eye disease.


Question: How are corneal injuries treated?

Answer: Treatment may include patching the eye, using a temporary contact lens, and prescription eye drops or ointments. If vision problems remain or the cornea becomes permanently damaged, you may need a cornea transplant. This surgery removes the damaged cornea and replaces it with a healthy donor cornea.


Question: What can cause corneal opacities?

Answer: Injury, infection, and certain eye diseases can cause corneal opacities.


Question: What other eye problems can lead to corneal opacity?

Answer: The cornea is formed by strong, tough tissue composed of five different layers, each with a specific function. The condition usually causes only minor eye irritation. Shingles that develop on the face, head, or neck can also affect the cornea.


Question: How do you treat keratoconus?

Answer: Early on, drops, ointments, and special contact lenses may ease symptoms. In early to moderate cases where the patient is still visually successful with glasses or contact lenses, corneal crosslinking, a procedure that uses riboflavin and light to strengthen the cornea, is generally recommended. Procedures such as Intacs can help improve vision by partially reversing keratoconus, and a minimally invasive procedure called corneal collagen cross linking. Corneal transplant, a surgery that replaces the cornea with a cadaver cornea, may be an option after all non surgical measures have been tried. Often contact lenses and glasses are required afterwards to improve sight.


Question: What is keratoconus?

Answer: Here are a few of the more common types of corneal dystrophies: Fuchs' dystrophy progresses slowly, usually affecting people in their 50s and 60s. With keratoconus, the cornea becomes thin and bulges outward in a cone shape, like a hernia. The condition can cause moderate to severe blurred vision, multiple images, glare, and halos around objects at night and rob people of the ability to lead a normal life. Often nearsightedness and astigmatism develop from keratoconus. Other symptoms include swelling and scarring of the cornea.


Question: Why are steroids injected?

Answer: Injecting steroids into one or two local areas of inflammation allows doctors to deliver a high dose of medication directly to the problem area. When doctors give steroids by mouth or intravenously, they cannot be sure an adequate amount of the steroid will eventually reach the problem area.


Question: What negative effects can happen from steroid injections?

Answer: In rare instances, the following side effects might occur: Infection Allergic reactions Local bleeding Rupture of a tendon Skin discoloration Excessively frequent, repeated injections into the same area can cause the bone, ligaments, and tendons to weaken. Not everyone will develop side effects. How often any side effect occurs varies from patient to patient. If steroid injections are infrequent (less than every three to four months), it is possible that none of the listed side effects will occur.


Question: How do steroids work?

Answer: When doctors give steroids by mouth or intravenously, they cannot be sure an adequate amount of the steroid will eventually reach the problem area. Steroids are often injected directly into joints to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or other inflammatory diseases.


Question: What should you avoid to prevent high blood sugar in the morning?

Answer: You'll also want to avoid all sugar-sweetened beverages, like soda, fruit punch, fruit drinks, and sweet tea. Just a single serving can raise your blood sugar -- and, in some cases, give you hundreds of extra calories.


Question: When should you see a doctor about high blood sugar in the morning if you have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, chances are your blood sugar will be higher in the morning from time to time. That may not be something to be overly concerned about. If it happens for several mornings in a row, check it once during the night -- around 2 or 3 a.m. -- for a few nights. Then, take those numbers to your doctor. She can figure out if you really have the dawn phenomenon, or if something else is causing those higher morning numbers.


Question: Is it normal to have high blood sugar in the morning if I have diabetes?

Answer: It's called the dawn phenomenon or the dawn effect. If you have diabetes, chances are your blood sugar will be higher in the morning from time to time.


Question: How do I treat high blood sugar in the morning if I have diabetes?

Answer: Generally, the normal hormonal changes your body makes in the morning will boost your blood sugar, whether you have diabetes or not. This will make your blood sugar go up. It helps bring your blood sugar back to normal, which tells your body that it's time to rein in the anti-insulin hormones.


Question: How do I know the reason for high blood sugar in the morning?

Answer: It's called the dawn phenomenon or the dawn effect. If it happens for several mornings in a row, check it once during the night -- around 2 or 3 a.m. -- for a few nights.


Question: What are the different stages of prolapsed uterus?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Muscle weakness or relaxation may allow your uterus to sag or come completely out of your body in various stages: First degree: The cervix drops into the vagina. Second degree: The cervix drops to the level just inside the opening of the vagina. Third degree: The cervix is outside the vagina. Fourth degree: The entire uterus is outside the vagina. This condition is also called procidentia.


Question: How is a prolapsed uterus diagnosed?

Answer: Seek medical care immediately if you experience any of the following: Obstruction or difficulty in urination and/or bowel movement Complete uterine prolapse (your uterus comes out of your vagina) Your health care provider can diagnose uterine prolapse with a medical history and physical examination of the pelvis. The doctor may need to examine you in standing position and while you are lying down and ask you to cough or strain to increase the pressure in your abdomen. Specific conditions, such as ureteral obstruction due to complete prolapse, may need an intravenous pyelogram ( IVP) or renal sonography. Dye is injected into your vein, and a series of X-rays are taken to view its progress through your bladder. Ultrasound may be used to rule out other pelvic problems. In this test, a wand is passed over your abdomen or inserted into your vagina to create images with sound waves.


Question: What causes a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: The following conditions can cause a prolapsed uterus: Pregnancy/childbirths with normal or complicated delivery through the vagina Weakness in the pelvic muscles with advancing age Weakening and loss of tissue tone after menopause and loss of natural estrogen Conditions leading to increased pressure in the abdomen such as chronic cough (with bronchitis and asthma), straining (with constipation), pelvic tumors (rare), or an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen Being overweight or obese with its additional strain on pelvic muscles Major surgery in the pelvic area leading to loss of external support Smoking Other risk factors include: Excess weight lifting Being Caucasian Family history Symptoms of a prolapsed uterus include: A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis (you may describe it as a feeling of sitting on a small ball) Low back pain Feeling that something is coming out of your vagina Painful sexual intercourse Difficulty with urination or moving your bowels Discomfort walking Notify your health care provider if you experience any of the following symptoms: You feel the cervix near the opening of the vaginal canal or you feel pressure in your vaginal canal and the feeling of something coming out of your vagina.


Question: What is a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: Your uterus (or womb) is normally held in place inside your pelvis with various muscles, tissue, and ligaments. Because of pregnancy, childbirth or difficult labor and delivery, in some women these muscles weaken. Also, as a woman ages and with a natural loss of the hormone estrogen, her uterus can drop into the vaginal canal, causing the condition known as a prolapsed uterus.


Question: What is follow-up treatment for a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: If you had surgery, you need to follow up according to your surgeon's advice. If you have a pessary inserted in your vagina, it needs to be cleaned and checked by your health care provider for the correct position and fit at regular intervals unless you are instructed on how to remove it and clean it yourself at home. If you have been told to do Kegel exercises, you should have a regular follow-up visit so that your health care provider can check the progress of your muscle strength.


Question: What medications treat a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: Estrogen (a hormone) cream or suppository ovules or rings inserted into the vagina help in restoring the strength and vitality of tissues in the vagina. But estrogen is only for use in select postmenopausal women.


Question: Can you prevent a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: If you had surgery, you need to follow up according to your surgeon's advice. Do Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles. Avoid heavy lifting or straining.


Question: Can Kegel exercises help a prolapsed uterus?

Answer: You do these by tightening your pelvic muscles, as if trying to stop the flow of urine. Have your health care provider instruct you on the proper ways to isolate and exercise the muscles. Do Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about migraines related to sleeping problems?

Answer: If you have signs of obstructive sleep apnea, see your doctor to get the right treatment. It may help prevent migraines. Symptoms of the sleep disorder include: Snoring Pauses in breathing while sleeping Waking up during the night Sleepiness during the day If you can't sleep more than 6 hours a night, talk to your doctor about whether you may have insomnia that can be treated. Treatments, including medications, diet changes, and behavioral sleep therapy, can also help prevent migraines if they're triggered by poor sleep.


Question: How can I improve my sleep to avoid headaches?

Answer: Quality shut-eye is one of the keys to preventing a headache attack. Try to get 7 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep every night at a consistent time. Get 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Make the room you sleep in dark and quiet. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Try not to watch TV, use the computer, or text on your cellphone in bed just before you go to sleep. Do relaxing activities at bedtime. Exercise regularly, but not right before bed. Spend some time outside in natural light during the day.


Question: Are there long-lasting side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer: That's what causes some of the side effects from the treatment.


Question: What side effects of chemotherapy go away after treatment?

Answer: That's what causes some of the side effects from the treatment.


Question: How do you know what chemotherapy is best for you?

Answer: It depends on your overall health, the type of cancer you have, how far along it is, and the amount and type of chemotherapy drugs.


Question: Where can chemotherapy take place?

Answer: It also depends on where you live, and whether you get treatment at home, in an office clinic, or during a hospital stay.


Question: What is a personalized chemotherapy plan based on?

Answer: It depends on your overall health, the type of cancer you have, how far along it is, and the amount and type of chemotherapy drugs.


Question: Will I know how long my chemotherapy is going to take?

Answer: For example, a 4-week cycle may be 1 week of treatment and then 3 weeks of rest. The rest allows your body to make new healthy cells. It usually stays in place until all your treatment cycles are finished. On days you don't feel well, you may want to see if you can work fewer hours or work from home.


Question: How long does chemotherapy take?

Answer: That's what causes some of the side effects from the treatment. It depends on the kind of cancer you have and how far along it is. For example, a 4-week cycle may be 1 week of treatment and then 3 weeks of rest. The rest allows your body to make new healthy cells. It usually stays in place until all your treatment cycles are finished. On days you don't feel well, you may want to see if you can work fewer hours or work from home. It depends on the type of chemotherapy, how much you get, and how often you get it.


Question: How is chemotherapy personalized?

Answer: Chemotherapy may be used to: Shrink a tumor before radiation therapy or surgery -- called neoadjuvant chemotherapy Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy -- called adjuvant chemotherapy Make other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective Destroy cancer cells that return or spread to other parts of your body That depends on: The type of cancer you have How far along it is The goal of treatment: cure, control growth, or ease pain The type of chemotherapy The way your body responds to the treatment You may have chemotherapy in âcycles,â which means a period of treatment and then a period of rest. Then your medical team will likely plan a new cycle to help you get back on track. Intra-arterial ( IA): The drugs go directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer, through a needle, or soft, thin tube (catheter). It depends on the type of chemotherapy, how much you get, and how often you get it.


Question: How is chemotherapy different from radiation or surgery?

Answer: Also called âchemo,â it's a way to treat cancer that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as cancer cells do. That's what causes some of the side effects from the treatment. Chemotherapy may be used to: Shrink a tumor before radiation therapy or surgery -- called neoadjuvant chemotherapy Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy -- called adjuvant chemotherapy Make other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective Destroy cancer cells that return or spread to other parts of your body That depends on: The type of cancer you have How far along it is The goal of treatment: cure, control growth, or ease pain The type of chemotherapy The way your body responds to the treatment You may have chemotherapy in âcycles,â which means a period of treatment and then a period of rest.


Question: What should I bring to my doctor when discussing chemotherapy plans?

Answer: It depends on the kind of cancer you have and how far along it is. Tell your doctor if you notice any signs of infection around your port. Your doctor may be able to help you manage some of the more severe side effects of chemotherapy. On days you don't feel well, you may want to see if you can work fewer hours or work from home.


Question: How long does chemotherapy treatment last?

Answer: It depends on the kind of cancer you have and how far along it is. Chemotherapy may be used to: Shrink a tumor before radiation therapy or surgery -- called neoadjuvant chemotherapy Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy -- called adjuvant chemotherapy Make other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective Destroy cancer cells that return or spread to other parts of your body That depends on: The type of cancer you have How far along it is The goal of treatment: cure, control growth, or ease pain The type of chemotherapy The way your body responds to the treatment You may have chemotherapy in âcycles,â which means a period of treatment and then a period of rest. On days you don't feel well, you may want to see if you can work fewer hours or work from home. It depends on the type of chemotherapy, how much you get, and how often you get it.


Question: How are catheters used in chemotherapy?

Answer: Intra-arterial ( IA): The drugs go directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer, through a needle, or soft, thin tube (catheter). Your doctor puts one end into a large vein, often in your chest area. It usually stays in place until all your treatment cycles are finished. Port: It's a small disc that a surgeon places under your skin. A nurse may insert a needle into your port to give you chemotherapy drugs or draw blood.


Question: How can you take the drugs for chemotherapy?

Answer: Intra-arterial ( IA): The drugs go directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer, through a needle, or soft, thin tube (catheter). Your doctor puts one end into a large vein, often in your chest area. It usually stays in place until all your treatment cycles are finished. Port: It's a small disc that a surgeon places under your skin. A nurse may insert a needle into your port to give you chemotherapy drugs or draw blood. It depends on the type of chemotherapy, how much you get, and how often you get it.


Question: How is chemotherapy tailored for you?

Answer: Chemotherapy may be used to: Shrink a tumor before radiation therapy or surgery -- called neoadjuvant chemotherapy Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy -- called adjuvant chemotherapy Make other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective Destroy cancer cells that return or spread to other parts of your body That depends on: The type of cancer you have How far along it is The goal of treatment: cure, control growth, or ease pain The type of chemotherapy The way your body responds to the treatment You may have chemotherapy in âcycles,â which means a period of treatment and then a period of rest. Then your medical team will likely plan a new cycle to help you get back on track. Intra-arterial ( IA): The drugs go directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer, through a needle, or soft, thin tube (catheter). It depends on the type of chemotherapy, how much you get, and how often you get it.


Question: What happens if nothing helps bursitis?

Answer: When bursitis doesn't respond to treatment or flares up all the time, it could be time for surgery to remove the bursa. You and your doctor will decide if this is the right choice for you. It's usually the last resort.


Question: How can you treat an infected bursa?

Answer: If your doctor sees signs of infection, she'll prescribe antibiotics. If they don't do the trick, she can also use a needle to drain the fluid.


Question: What is knee bursitis?

Answer: Your knees each have a bursa sac that's filled with fluid. Sometimes they get inflamed or infected.


Question: What should I do to treat an inflamed bursa?

Answer: Try these simple steps first: Rest: Take it easy for a few days. Don't do anything that seems to make your symptoms worse. You can still do low-impact or gentle exercises like a light walk or stationary bike ride. Ice: Put an ice pack on your knee about 3 to 4 times a day. You can also use a bag of frozen veggies like peas or corn. Leave it on for 20 minutes at a time. Medicate: Take a mild, over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium. Elevate: Prop up the sore knee while you rest on the couch. This may ease the swelling.


Question: What are the mental, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

Answer: Like physical symptoms, how much you are affected mentally and emotionally when you quit smoking will be different for everybody. But assume you will deal with some or all of the following signs of withdrawal: Anxiety. Smoking relieves stress, so your anxiety can skyrocket when you quit. It tends to pop up around 3 days in and can last a couple of weeks. Depression. It can start the first day you quit but is generally gone within a month. But if you have a history of anxiety and/or depression, yours could last longer and you might need extra help from your doctor to manage your symptoms. Irritability. You might have a short fuse -- even find yourself angry -- from time to time as you deal with the physical symptoms. It's normal and should pass. Mental fog. You'll probably have a hard time concentrating as the nicotine wears off and leaves your body.


Question: What are the physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

Answer: Everybody is different, and symptoms of withdrawal depend on many things, like how long and how many packs a day you've smoked. But for the most part, you can expect to have these common physical issues when you quit: Appetite. Within a day or so of your last cigarette, your appetite will shoot up for a while. A lot of people also find that they eat to fill the time when they used to be smoking. Nicotine cravings are the symptom you will deal with the longest, and they could start just 30 minutes after your last cigarette. Each craving will last only about 15 to 20 minutes, but they'll keep coming. You'll need to do your best to avoid triggers (like drinking alcohol or being around people who smoke) and find ways to get yourself through each craving. Cough. Your respiratory system can't clean itself very well when nicotine is around. As your body works it out, you'll probably have a cough that could last for a few weeks. Headaches and dizziness. These are usually on the mild side, and they're often the first withdrawal symptom to show up and first to taper off. Fatigue. Nicotine is a stimulant and perks you up, so you'll probably feel tired without it. But you'll also be restless and might have insomnia. Constipation. For the first month, constipation can be another unpleasant side effect. Your cravings taper off but anxiety will start to rise.


Question: How fast after I quit smoking will my body start to change?

Answer: Here's what you can expect after finishing your final cigarette: 30 minutes to 4 hours: The effects from the nicotine will wear off and you'll start to crave another cigarette. 2 days: You'll have headaches as the nicotine leaves your system. Your cravings taper off but anxiety will start to rise. 2 to 4 weeks: You still won't have much energy, but the brain fog will be clearing up and your appetite will settle down. Your cough, depression, and anxiety will also improve.


Question: What should you know about nicotine withdrawal?

Answer: Even though nicotine's high isn't as dramatic as cocaine or heroin's, it's equally as addictive as those illegal drugs. And nicotine withdrawal is very real. Nicotine affects all areas of your body, from your heart and blood vessels to your hormones, metabolism, and brain. You'll physically crave that nicotine hit and become irritable if you can't have it. Nicotine withdrawal usually lasts only a month or so, but you could be fighting the mental battle against cigarettes for a long time.


Question: What should you expect during laser hair removal?

Answer: Just before the procedure, your hair that will be undergoing treatment will be trimmed to a few millimeters above the skin surface. The laser equipment will be adjusted according to the color, thickness, and location of your hair being treated as well as your skin color. This will help the laser light penetrate the skin. Next, the technician will give a pulse of light to the treatment area and watch the area for several minutes to make sure the best settings were used and to check for bad reactions. When the procedure is completed, you may be given ice packs, anti-inflammatory creams or lotions, or cold water to ease any discomfort. You may schedule your next treatment four to six weeks later. You'll get treatments until hair stops growing. Wear sunscreen for the following month to help prevent temporary changes in the color of the treated skin. The cost varies widely, depending on factors that include: Size of the area being treated and time required for treatment Number of treatments required Whether a doctor or someone else is performing the procedure The part of the country where you are having the procedure Ask for a consultation to get a better idea of the cost for your particular case.


Question: What is the role of a pain specialist in the diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Pain specialists are usually anesthesiologists who have specialized training in pain management. Some women with chronic pelvic pain can seek out these physicians to complement treatment provided by their primary care or gynecologist. Pain specialists may be necessary for appropriate trials of nerve blocks, the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) units, or management of medications used for chronic pain.


Question: What are some procedures used to diagnose chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: It involves inserting a camera or scope through a small incision to look at the pelvic organs or take tissue samples. Also, a hysteroscopy, a small camera placed through the vagina into the uterus, may be useful to diagnose abnormalities that may cause pain originating inside the uterus. " Pain mapping" is a technique some doctors use. While you're sedated but awake, a doctor uses a laparoscope and a probe to stimulate points inside your pelvis. You rate any pain you feel and say whether it is like the pain you typically experience. This creates a "map" of sensitive areas.


Question: What are some causes of chronic pelvic pain that radiological tests can help diagnose?

Answer: Radiological tests may be useful to diagnose: Endometriosis Pelvic congestion Adhesions Fibroids Pelvic inflammatory disease If imaging tests don't reveal the cause of your pelvic pain, a procedure called laparoscopy may be recommended.


Question: What is myocarditis?

Answer: There's also something called vasculitis, which is rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation of the blood vessels.


Question: How is rheumatoid arthritis related to pleuritis?

Answer: Rheumatoid nodules can form in your lungs too.


Question: What is vasculitis in relation to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: There's also something called vasculitis, which is rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation of the blood vessels. It shows up as spots on the skin that look like ulcers. Other types of skin problems related to RA may appear, so always let your doctor know about anything new that pops up or breaks out.


Question: What complications might rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause?

Answer: When you think of rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, you might think of stiff, painful joints. But you may not know that complications can occur in other parts of your body. The same process that hurts your joints can also cause problems for your eyes, lungs, skin, heart, blood vessels, and other organs. And, the medications you take for RA can also have side effects.


Question: What eye complications can occur from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the eyes in several ways. Inflammation of the episclera, a thin membrane that covers the white of your eye, is common. It's usually mild, but the eye may get red and painful. Scleritis, an inflammation of the white of the eye, is more serious and can lead to vision loss. RA also puts you at risk for Sjogren's syndrome. This happens when your immune system attacks the glands that produce tears. It can make your eyes feel gritty and dry. If it's not treated, the dryness can cause infection and scarring of the conjunctiva, which is the membrane that covers the eye, and the cornea.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis cause pain in the neck?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis is known to cause pain in the joints of the fingers and wrists. But it can also affect other parts of your body, like your neck. If your neck feels stiff and you have pain when you turn your head, it could be your rheumatoid arthritis. Some simple exercises might help. Talk to your doctor about the best exercises and treatments to help relieve your neck pain.


Question: What is pericarditis and how is it related to rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Inflammation of the episclera, a thin membrane that covers the white of your eye, is common. Flares are times when your RA is worse. If it happens a lot, pericarditis can cause the membrane to thicken and tighten. That can interfere with your heart's ability to work properly.


Question: How can rheumatoid arthritis affect the eyes?

Answer: Scleritis, an inflammation of the white of the eye, is more serious and can lead to vision loss. If it's not treated, the dryness can cause infection and scarring of the conjunctiva, which is the membrane that covers the eye, and the cornea. Rheumatoid nodules can also form on the heart and affect the way it functions. It's possible you may get more infections if you have rheumatoid arthritis.


Question: What should you expect during laser resurfacing?

Answer: Generally, laser resurfacing is an outpatient procedure, meaning there is no overnight stay. The doctor may treat individual wrinkles around your eyes, mouth, or forehead or treat your entire face. For small areas, the doctor will numb the areas to be treated with a local anesthetic. The doctor may also sedate you. You may get general anesthesia if your whole face is being treated. If the doctor is just treating parts of your face, the procedure will take about 30 to 45 minutes. A full-face treatment takes up to two hours.


Question: What types of makeup can you wear after laser resurfacing?

Answer: Once the treated areas have healed, you can wear makeup to hide the pink to red color that is typically seen after laser skin resurfacing. Green-based make-ups are particularly suitable for this camouflage since they neutralize the red color. Oil-free make-ups are recommended after laser resurfacing.


Question: How can you prepare for laser resurfacing?

Answer: Start by consulting a plastic surgeon or dermatologist to find out if you're a good candidate. Be sure to choose a doctor who has documented training and experience in laser skin resurfacing. The doctor will determine which laser treatment is best for you after considering your medical history, current health, and desired results. Tell the doctor if you get cold sores or fever blisters around your mouth. Laser skin resurfacing can trigger breakouts in people who are at risk. If you decide to go ahead with laser skin resurfacing, your doctor will ask you to avoid taking any medications or supplements that can affect clotting -- such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or vitamin E -- for 10 days before surgery. If you smoke, you should stop for two weeks before and after the procedure. Smoking can prolong healing. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic beforehand to prevent bacterial infections and also an antiviral medication if you are prone to cold sores or fever blisters.


Question: Who is a good candidate for laser resurfacing?

Answer: If you have acne or if you have very dark skin, you may not be a candidate. This technique is also not recommended for stretch marks. You should discuss whether laser resurfacing is right for you by consulting with the doctor before having the procedure done.


Question: What is CO2 laser resurfacing?

Answer: This method has been used for years to treat different skin issues, including wrinkles, scars, warts, enlarged oil glands on the nose, and other conditions. The newest version of CO2 laser resurfacing (fractionated CO2) uses very short pulsed light energy (known as ultrapulse) or continuous light beams that are delivered in a scanning pattern to remove thin layers of skin with minimal heat damage. Recovery takes up to two weeks.


Question: What is laser resurfacing?

Answer: This popular procedure is also called lasabrasion, laser peel, or laser vaporization. If you have fine lines or wrinkles around your eyes or mouth or on your forehead, shallow scars from acne, or non-responsive skin after a facelift, then you may be a good candidate for laser skin resurfacing. The newest version of CO2 laser resurfacing (fractionated CO2) uses very short pulsed light energy (known as ultrapulse) or continuous light beams that are delivered in a scanning pattern to remove thin layers of skin with minimal heat damage.


Question: What can patients do if drugs cannot keep Crohn's disease under control?

Answer: Sometimes, drugs cannot keep Crohn's disease under control. In those cases, surgery to remove a part of the bowel is sometimes needed. The disease, though, often returns to the area near where the inflamed part was removed.


Question: What are biologics and how are they used?

Answer: They are called biologics because the drugs are formulated from proteins found in the human body's immune system. The proteins are genetically modified and processed to be used as treatment. Biologics, which are given as an injection or IV infusion, are designed to interfere with the inflammatory processes that are the hallmark of Crohn's disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of Crohnâs disease in children and teens?

Answer: The bowel tissue may: Swell, thicken, or form a stricture (scar tissue), leading to an obstruction (blockage) of the passageway inside the bowel Develop ulcers in the deep layers of the bowel wall Lose its ability to absorb nutrients from digested foods (malabsorption), especially in the ileum where vitamin B12 and bile acids are absorbed Develop abnormal passageways (fistulas) from one part of the bowel to another or from the bowel to nearby tissues The symptoms of Crohn's disease depend on where the disease occurs in the bowel. They also depend on its severity. In general, symptoms can include: Chronic diarrhea with or without blood in the stool Rectal bleeding Weight loss Fever Abdominal tenderness Feeling of mass or fullness in the lower right abdomen Fatigue Children and teens with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms followed by periods of no symptoms.


Question: What is important in managing Crohn's?

Answer: A healthy lifestyle is important in managing Crohn's. Children and teens should exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet. People with this disease usually are able to lead a healthy and active life. Most children with Crohn's are able to attend school and participate in sports and daily activities if the disease is treated and managed properly.


Question: What other symptoms can develop with Crohn's?

Answer: Other symptoms can develop, depending on complications related to the disease. For instance, a person with a fistula -- abnormal passageway -- in the rectal area may have pain and discharge around the rectum. Other complications from Crohn's disease include: Arthritis Gallstones Kidney stones Inflammation (swelling) of the eyes and mouth Liver disease Skin rashes or ulcers Anemia The cause of Crohn's disease is not known.


Question: What should patients do if they have nutritional deficiencies?

Answer: People who have a relative with Crohn's disease are more likely to develop the disease themselves.


Question: How long do Crohn's symptoms last?

Answer: In general, symptoms can include: Chronic diarrhea with or without blood in the stool Rectal bleeding Weight loss Fever Abdominal tenderness Feeling of mass or fullness in the lower right abdomen Fatigue Children and teens with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms followed by periods of no symptoms. The period with no symptoms is called remission, and it can last for weeks or years. Anti-inflammatory medications or dietary changes may lead to remission, but there is no way to know when a remission will occur or when symptoms will return.


Question: How is Crohnâs disease treated and managed in children and teens?

Answer: In general, symptoms can include: Chronic diarrhea with or without blood in the stool Rectal bleeding Weight loss Fever Abdominal tenderness Feeling of mass or fullness in the lower right abdomen Fatigue Children and teens with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms followed by periods of no symptoms. They are called biologics because the drugs are formulated from proteins found in the human body's immune system.


Question: Which parts of the body can Crohn's disease affect?

Answer: It can, though, occur in any part of the large or small intestine, stomach, or esophagus. It can even occur in the mouth. Crohn's disease can stunt growth, weaken bones, and delay puberty. People who have a relative with Crohn's disease are more likely to develop the disease themselves. In general, medications are the first step in treating Crohn's disease in children and teens.


Question: What are synbiotics?

Answer: Synbiotics: These are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. Early studies show these might help people with IBS. But doctors need more research to learn if and how they should be recommended.


Question: What foods are good sources of prebiotics if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Fruits and vegetables are also good sources of prebiotics, especially bananas, onions, garlic, leeks, asparagus, and artichokes, plus soybeans and whole wheat foods.


Question: Does peppermint oil help if you have IBS?

Answer: If your symptoms don't get better, talk to your doctor. It can ease pain caused by inflammation. There's no standard recommendation for how much to take or for how long, but some studies have shown that one or two capsules three times a day for 6 months can help with constipation, diarrhea, and other issues. You can take it in many forms, like capsules or a liquid. You can put it in drinks like tea.


Question: Do probiotics help if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Studies have shown there is a potential for benefit, but more research is needed. You can take supplements as capsules or sprinkle them as a powder on food. You also can get probiotics naturally in foods like yogurt, aged cheeses, kimchi, sauerkraut, miso, and tempeh. Research shows it may also ease constipation and diarrhea and help with belly pain. There's no standard recommendation for how much to take or for how long, but some studies have shown that one or two capsules three times a day for 6 months can help with constipation, diarrhea, and other issues.


Question: How do you do a seated calf raise?

Answer: Starting position: Sit on a firm, sturdy chair with your feet flat on the floor. Keep your knees aligned directly over your feet. Don't let your knees turn in or out. Lean forward placing hands on thighs near knees pushing down to add resistance. Action: Press slowly down into the balls of your feet to raise your heels as high as you can. Next, slowly lower your heels. Repeat. At the gym. Starting position: Set yourself up in the calf press machine with the balls of your feet on the platform. This will let you lower your heels toward the floor. Undo the machine's safety latch and release the weight onto your calves. Action: Drop your heels as far as you can toward the floor to lower the weight, and then press into the balls of your feet to raise your heels as high as you can.


Question: What should you know about calf-strengthening exercises?

Answer: You'll target the two muscles that make up the calf: The gastrocnemius muscle, which gives the calf its rounded shape. The soleus, which is the flatter, longer muscle running underneath the gastrocnemius and lower down your leg.


Question: How do you do a double-leg calf raise?

Answer: Starting position: Stand near a wall for balance. Place your feet hip-width apart, and make sure your ankles, knees, and hips are in vertical alignment to protect your joints. Action: Press down into the balls of both feet to raise your body upward. Keep your abdominal muscles pulled in so that you move straight upward, rather than shifting your body forward or backward.


Question: Which sports help to build your calf?

Answer: Running, walking, and hiking are excellent calf-strengthening exercises, especially when you go uphill. The steeper the climb, the more your calves have to work. Running sports such as soccer, basketball, and tennis demand that you run, jump, and push off your calf muscles to accelerate or change direction quickly. So they're great for toning calves. Step class and other kinds of dance will work your calves every time you step up and down or bend your knees and push off going from high to low positions. Swimming works the calves along with the rest of the legs muscles. It also avoids the impact of running or jumping. Because it's low-impact, it's also a safe way to strengthen calves if you're recovering from an injury.


Question: What are some safety guidelines when doing calf-strengthening exercises?

Answer: Do the exercises consistently two or three times a week to build strength. Move slowly through each exercise so you stay aware of your body alignment. Press up for a slow count of two to four. Then lower back down for a slow count of four. Customize your exercise to match your level of fitness and avoid injury. And check with a fitness professional if you're not sure how much weight is safe for you to use. A general rule of thumb for strength training is to aim for eight to 12 repetitions of each exercise for one to three sets. Your muscles should feel fatigued, but you should be able to finish your repetitions. Increase the load on the muscle gradually over time. For instance, add 10% to 15% to the weight every 2 weeks. Check with your doctor first if you've had a foot, ankle, or calf muscle injury in the past. Depending on your health or physical condition, certain exercises may not be recommended.


Question: Will medicine ease the pain of new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Your doctor will probably recommend medicine to ease your pain. It may take some trial and error until you and your doctor find a medicine that works for you. Treatments for NDPH include: Antiseizure, or anticonvulsant, drugs.


Question: How can I treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: New daily persistent headaches ( NDPH) begin without warning and go on for 3 months or longer. The pain may get stronger or weaker each day, but it's always there. There are medicines that can give you relief. Pain management tools like biofeedback and relaxation techniques can also help you feel better.


Question: What causes new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes NDPH. Some small studies suggest there may be a link between viral and other infections and NDPH, but more research is needed.


Question: What antidepressants treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: These include fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft), and venlafaxine ( Effexor).


Question: What is meningitis and how can it cause a sudden headache?

Answer: An infection that causes swelling of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.


Question: Are there other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache?

Answer: But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache. Your doctor may order imaging tests such as an MRI or a CT scan to rule out conditions that may need immediate treatment. These include: A change in pressure or volume of fluid in your spine.


Question: Is physical therapy used to ease the pain of new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Physical therapy may also help ease the pain of NDPH. For some people, NDPH may persist for several years or longer; for others, it may go away much earlier. Researchers continue to look for new and better ways to treat it.


Question: What triptans are used to treat new daily persistent headaches (NDPH)?

Answer: Some examples are almotriptan ( Axert), frovatriptan ( Frova), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig).


Question: Can physical therapy help treat new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: Physical therapy may also help ease the pain of NDPH. For some people, NDPH may persist for several years or longer; for others, it may go away much earlier. Researchers continue to look for new and better ways to treat it.


Question: What does the treatment for new daily persistent headaches include?

Answer: Treatments for NDPH include: Antiseizure, or anticonvulsant, drugs. Gabapentin ( Neurontin), topiramate ( Topamax), and valproic acid ( Depakote) are commonly prescribed. Muscle relaxant drugs. These drugs relax tense muscles and include baclofen ( Lioresal) and tizanidine ( Zanaflex). Antidepressants called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). These include fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft), and venlafaxine ( Effexor). Tricyclic antidepressants. These are older antidepressant drugs that include amitriptyline ( Elavil), doxepin ( Silenor, Sinequan), nortriptyline ( Pamelor), and protriptlyne ( Vivactil). Migraine drugs called triptans. Some examples are almotriptan ( Axert), frovatriptan ( Frova), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig). NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These painkillers include aspirin, celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen, and naproxen.


Question: How can new daily persistent headaches be treated?

Answer: The pain may get stronger or weaker each day, but it's always there. There are medicines that can give you relief. Pain management tools like biofeedback and relaxation techniques can also help you feel better.


Question: What are the symptoms of new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: The pain of NDPH becomes steady within 24 hours of its start. It may feel similar to a tension or migraine headache. You may have pain on both sides of your head. At the same time, you may be sensitive to light or sound. Most headaches are throbbing in nature. But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache.


Question: What does a new daily persistent headache (NDPH) feel like?

Answer: But they can come on as a stabbing, aching, tightening, or burning pain.â There are other serious causes of head pain that can lead to a sudden headache.


Question: What may be recommended to treat new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: Your doctor will probably recommend medicine to ease your pain. It may take some trial and error until you and your doctor find a medicine that works for you.


Question: Where do new daily persistent headaches (NDPH) cause pain?

Answer: At the same time, you may be sensitive to light or sound. If you have NDPH, your doctor may suggest limiting the amount of analgesics, as too much may cause your head pain to worsen.


Question: What should you know about using medications to treat new daily persistent headaches?

Answer: It may feel similar to a tension or migraine headache. If you have NDPH, your doctor may suggest limiting the amount of analgesics, as too much may cause your head pain to worsen.


Question: Do analgesic medicines cause rebound headaches?

Answer: It may feel similar to a tension or migraine headache. If you have NDPH, your doctor may suggest limiting the amount of analgesics, as too much may cause your head pain to worsen.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by an infection?

Answer: Swelling in the feet and ankles can be a sign of infection. People with diabetic neuropathy or other nerve problems of the feet are at greater risk for foot infections. If you have diabetes, it is important to inspect feet daily for blisters and sores, because nerve damage can blunt the pain sensation and foot problems can progress quickly. If you notice a swollen foot or blister that appears to be infected, contact your doctor right away.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by a foot or ankle injury?

Answer: An injury to the foot or ankle can lead to swelling. The most common is a sprained ankle, which occurs when an injury or misstep causes the ligaments that hold the ankle in place to be stretched beyond their normal range. To reduce the swelling from a foot or ankle injury, rest to avoid walking on the injured ankle or foot, use ice packs, wrap the foot or ankle with compression bandage, and elevate the foot on a stool or pillow. If swelling and pain is severe or doesn't improve with home treatment, see your doctor.


Question: What should you do if your medications are causing swollen ankles and feet?

Answer: If you suspect swelling may be related to a drug you are taking, speak to your doctor. Although the benefits of the drug may be worth enduring some swelling, more severe swelling could make it necessary to change the medication or its dosage.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by pregnancy complications?

Answer: Some swelling of the ankles and feet is normal during pregnancy. Sudden or excessive swelling, however, may be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition in which high blood pressure and protein in the urine develop after the 20th week of pregnancy. If you experience severe swelling or swelling accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, headaches, infrequent urination, nausea and vomiting, or vision changes, call your doctor immediately.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by lymphedema?

Answer: This is a collection of lymphatic fluid in the tissues that can develop because of the absence of or problems with the lymph vessels or after the removal of lymph nodes. Lymph is a protein-rich fluid that normally travels along an extensive network of vessels and capillaries. It is filtered through the lymph nodes, which trap and destroy unwanted substances, such as bacteria. When there is a problem with the vessels or lymph nodes, however, the fluid's movement can be blocked. Untreated, lymph buildup can impair wound healing and lead to infection and deformity. Lymphedema is common following radiation therapy or removal of the lymph nodes in patients with cancer. If you have undergone cancer treatment and experience swelling, see your doctor right away.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are a serious problem?

Answer: But feet and ankles that stay swollen or are accompanied by other symptoms could signal a serious health problem.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by a blood clot?

Answer: Blood clots that form in the veins of the legs can stop the return flow of blood from the legs back up to the heart and cause swelling in the ankles and feet. Blood clots can be either superficial (occurring in the veins just beneath the skin), or deep (a condition known as deep vein thrombosis). Deep clots can block one or more of the major veins of the legs. These blood clots can be life-threatening if they break loose and travel to the heart and lungs. If you have swelling in one leg, along with pain, low-grade fever, and possibly a change in color of the affected leg, call your doctor immediately. Treatment with blood thinners may be necessary.


Question: What medications can cause swollen ankles and feet?

Answer: Medication side effect. Many drugs can cause swelling in the feet and ankles as a possible side effect. They include: Hormones such as estrogen (found in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy) and testosterone Calcium channel blockers, a type of blood pressure medication, which includes nifedipine ( Adalat, Afeditab, Nifediac, Nifedical, Procardia), amlodipine ( Norvasc), diltiazem ( Cardizem, Cartia, Dilacor, Diltia, Tiazac), felodipine ( Plendil), and verapamil ( Calan, Covera- HS, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan) Steroids, including androgenic and anabolic steroids and corticosteroids such as prednisone Antidepressants, including: tricyclics, such as nortriptyline ( Pamelor, Aventyl), desipramine ( Norpramin), and amitriptyline ( Elavil, Endep, Vanatrip); and monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors such as phenelzine ( Nardil) and tranylcypromine ( Parnate) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Diabetes medications.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by venous insufficiency?

Answer: Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to skin changes, skin ulcers, and infection. If you experience signs of venous insufficiency you should see your doctor. Blood clots that form in the veins of the legs can stop the return flow of blood from the legs back up to the heart and cause swelling in the ankles and feet. Deep clots can block one or more of the major veins of the legs.


Question: How do you know if your swollen ankles and feet are caused by heart, liver, or kidney disease?

Answer: Swelling in the feet and ankles can be a sign of infection. Heart, liver, or kidney disease. Kidney disease can also cause foot and ankle swelling. When kidneys are not functioning properly, fluid can build up in the body. Liver disease can affect the liver's production of a protein called albumin, which keeps the blood from leaking out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. Inadequate albumin production can lead to fluid leakage. Gravity causes fluid to accumulate more in the feet and ankles, but fluid can also accumulate in the abdomen and chest. If your swelling is accompanied by other symptoms, including fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight gain, see your doctor right away. If you feel short of breath or have chest pain, pressure, or tightness, call 911.


Question: How can pregnancy or childbirth cause a hot flash?

Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.


Question: Does breast cancer cause hot flashes?

Answer: Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, ovary removal, and antiestrogen therapy can bring on what's called chemical menopause. And with it comes lower estrogen levels and symptoms like hot flashes. Hot flashes that result from breast cancer treatment can be more frequent and severe than natural ones. If you've been through menopause already and had hot flashes then, you'll probably get them again if you take tamoxifen to treat your cancer. They'll be about as severe and happen about as often as the first time around.


Question: Does pregnancy or recent childbirth cause hot flashes?

Answer: There's a lot we don't know about hot flashes, and the fact that they can happen to menopausal women as well as expectant and new mothers proves how mysterious they are. Once study found they peaked at week 30 for pregnant women and week 2 after giving birth for new moms. But as with menopause, this is a time when hormone levels shift dramatically and women put on extra weight.


Question: What can set off a hot flash?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: What is a hot flash?

Answer: The technical term is vasomotor symptom. It comes along with a drop in your body's level of the hormone estrogen. Another name you might hear is night sweats. They are hot flashes that wake you up after you've gone to bed.


Question: How is a hot flash related to menopause?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.


Question: How can multiple sclerosis (MS) cause a hot flash?

Answer: Heat can make your symptoms worse, whether it's hot and humid outside or you have a fever. You might notice what's called Uhthoff's sign, changes in vision when you get too hot. Any problems should go away once you cool back down. Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.


Question: What are the characteristics of a hot flash?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.


Question: Are there any specific factors that might cause a hot flash to last longer?

Answer: You might also have them longer if you smoke, are overweight, stressed, depressed, or anxious. Your heritage can also play a role. African- American women have them for about 11 years. But for Asian women, it's about half that time.


Question: How can prostate or testicular cancer cause a hot flash?

Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.


Question: What do you feel when you get a hot flash?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them.


Question: What can lead to hot flashes?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: What does it mean when you feel hot?

Answer: But that's not the only reason you could lose your cool. It could be a reaction to spicy food or signs of an illness. And you don't have to be female to have one. Men get them, too.


Question: What can cause a menopausal hot flash?

Answer: Things that can set off a menopausal hot flash include: A workout in hot weather Spicy food Alcohol Smoking Hot weather Tight clothing Stress Eating a lot of sugar Whether it's a symptom or medication side effect, these health conditions -- or their treatments -- can also lead to hot flashes.


Question: Does multiple sclerosis cause hot flashes?

Answer: Some people with MS also have hot flashes that aren't linked to hormones. Your doctor might call them paroxysmal symptoms. It sounds scary, but it just means your autonomic nervous system, which controls your organs, blood vessels, and some muscles, isn't working like it should. Let your doctor know.


Question: Does prostate and testicular cancer cause hot flashes?

Answer: Men with prostate cancer sometimes get a treatment called androgen suppression therapy. It lowers their levels of the hormone testosterone, which helps radiation therapy work better. But it can also cause hot flashes. If your treatment is temporary, the flashes should go away a few months after it stops. But for some men, it's permanent. Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. Men who've had their testicles removed to treat cancer may also get hot flashes.


Question: When do hot flashes happen?

Answer: For most people, a hot flash isn't just a rise in body temperature, it's a mix of things: A sudden warmth that's most intense across your head and chest Reddened skin Sweating, either light or heavy Rapid heartbeat Anxiety Flashes aren't just a menopause thing, but that is when you're most likely to have them. They differ from woman to woman, but they start before or during menopause. There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. You might have several a day or none. They can last anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. They can happen once an hour or once a day.


Question: How long will I have hot flashes?

Answer: There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. But a new study of women nationwide says it may be more like 7 to 11 years. Plus, the earlier into menopause you start to have them, the longer they're likely to continue.


Question: How can thyroid disease cause a hot flash?

Answer: Your doctor will prescribe medications to ease your symptoms. It might even bring on early menopause (before you turn 40 or in your early 40s). There are medications to treat this problem. Once you get it under control, your hot flashes will ease up. Menopause might get back on schedule, too.


Question: How can breast cancer cause a hot flash?

Answer: Breast cancer. Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, ovary removal, and antiestrogen therapy can bring on what's called chemical menopause. If you've been through menopause already and had hot flashes then, you'll probably get them again if you take tamoxifen to treat your cancer. They'll be about as severe and happen about as often as the first time around.


Question: How long will you have hot flashes?

Answer: There are no rules for how often they hit or how long they last. For years, the answer was 6 months to 2 years. But a new study of women nationwide says it may be more like 7 to 11 years. Plus, the earlier into menopause you start to have them, the longer they're likely to continue. You might also have them longer if you smoke, are overweight, stressed, depressed, or anxious. Your heritage can also play a role. African- American women have them for about 11 years. But for Asian women, it's about half that time.