Question: Why should you watch out for preservatives in artificial tears relative to eye drops?

Answer: Artificial tears with them can be great because they're often cheaper. But for some people, they can make dry eyes worse. Some people are allergic to preservatives, and others may find that they irritate their eyes.


Question: What's in allergy eye drops?

Answer: The key ingredient in allergy eye drops is a drug called an antihistamine, which blocks histamines from doing their work and prevents allergy symptoms. Some newer allergy eye drops, called mast-cell stabilizers, work by stopping your body from making histamines in the first place.


Question: How can I find preservative-free eye drops?

Answer: When you're looking for preservative-free eye drops, note that they don't come in the typical eye drop bottle. You usually find them in single-use vials instead. You snap the lid off, put the drops in, and throw out the vial. They also tend to be more expensive than other kinds.


Question: When should I use anti-redness drops for my eyes?

Answer: But use with caution. If you put them in for more than a few days, they can irritate your eyes and make the redness even worse. Another problem: If you use them often, your eyes get dependent on them and may get red when you stop using them. Avoid these drops if you have dry eyes. Sometimes, anti-redness drops also have antihistamines in them, which can relieve itchiness from allergies. But again, you're limited in how much you can use them without bothering your eyes. You're typically better off with allergy drops.


Question: What are symptoms of athlete's foot?

Answer: But with any kind you have, you'll probably see: Itchy, scaly red rash between your toes Small, red blisters (usually on your soles or between your toes) Ongoing dryness and scaling on the soles and up the sides of your foot Ulcers or sores that leak fluid, smell bad, and look red The fungus that causes ringworm and jock itch is usually the one to blame for athlete's foot.


Question: What is treatment for athlete's foot?

Answer: You should treat athlete's foot as soon as you notice even minor symptoms. It's fine to try over-the-counter products, or you may have a home remedy you like to use. But sometimes they don't work, and that's when you need to make an appointment with your doctor.


Question: How is a heart transplant used to treat heart failure?

Answer: This device is similar to a pacemaker.


Question: What should your diet consist of to help with heart failure?

Answer: Limit the salt you eat to less than 1,500 milligrams each day. Eat foods high in fiber and potassium. Cut back on things high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. If you need to drop some weight, reduce the number of calories you eat.


Question: How is heart failure treated?

Answer: If you have heart failure, you have a lot of choices for treatment. Your doctor may suggest you start with medication and lifestyle changes. If your condition gets worse, you can turn to centers that specialize in treating heart failure for more options, like surgery.


Question: How is infarct exclusion surgery (modified Dor or Dor procedure) used to treat heart failure?

Answer: When a heart attack happens in the left ventricle (the lower left chamber of your heart), a scar forms. The scarred area is thin and can bulge out with each beat, forming what's called an aneurysm. A heart surgeon can remove it.


Question: How can you prevent further damage if you have heart failure?

Answer: If you smoke or chew tobacco, quit. Keep to a healthy weight. Control your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes. Exercise regularly. Don't drink alcohol.


Question: How can I find a dermatologist to treat my psoriasis?

Answer: When you look for a dermatologist, start by asking your primary care doctor for a recommendation. You can also check with the American Academy of Dermatology, which has lists of specially trained doctors.


Question: What causes night blindness?

Answer: The problem comes from a disorder of the cells in your retina that allow you to see dim light. It has many causes: Nearsightedness Glaucoma Glaucoma medications that close the pupil Cataracts Diabetes Retinitis pigmentosa Vitamin A deficiency Keratoconus To pinpoint the cause, your eye doctor will carry out a full exam.


Question: How can diabetes affect my oral health?

Answer: The good news: Good habits will help keep your mouth healthy. Diabetes can make you more likely to have cavities and fungal infections. Other potential problems include: Difficulty fighting off infections, including those that might lead to gum disease Slower healing time after dental surgery Dry mouth, called xerostomia, is common among people with diabetes. Saliva is important to oral health -- it helps wash away food particles and keep the mouth moist. When you don't produce enough moisture, bacteria thrive, tissues can get irritated and inflamed, and your teeth can be more prone to decay.


Question: What are facts about chronic fatigue syndrome and who does it affect most?

Answer: The CDC estimates up to 2.5 million Americans have ME/ CFS. Anyone can get it, including children and teens. It is most common in women in their 40s and 50s. Women are more likely to develop it than men. Most cases are mild or moderate. About 1 in 4 people with the condition have severe symptoms.


Question: How can you find out if you have chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: The National Academy of Medicine has issued guidelines describing the combination of symptoms necessary for doctors to diagnose the condition. Unfortunately, there is not yet a diagnostic test that is sufficiently accurate to be useful. Because extreme fatigue is a symptom of so many conditions, your doctor will want to rule out other conditions first, before considering a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. You'll need to get a complete checkup and talk with your doctor about all your symptoms.


Question: Can serotonin and cortisol levels contribute to chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Serotonin and cortisol: Several studies indicate that serotonin, a major brain chemical, is important in the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. People with the illness have low levels of cortisol, a hormone that the body releases in response to stress.


Question: What else is chronic fatigue syndrome known as and is it curable?

Answer: Chronic fatigue syndrome is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis ( ME/ CFS). It tends to cycle through flareups and remissions, good days and bad days, although on the good days you are not back to normal. There isn't any known cure, but different treatments can help the symptoms.


Question: Could infections or other illnesses contribute to chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer: Infections or other illness: Chronic fatigue syndrome often, but not always, begins with a sudden infectious-like illness (fever, sore throat, aching muscles, upset stomach). Research has found that several different types of infectious agents can trigger the beginning of the illness, including Epstein- Barr virus (a common cause of mononucleosis), Lyme disease bacteria and Q fever bacteria.


Question: What are dental implants?

Answer: Dental implants are replacement tooth roots. Implants provide a strong foundation for fixed (permanent) or removable replacement teeth that are made to match your natural teeth.


Question: What is the importance of dental implants?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Despite improvements in dental care, millions of Americans suffer tooth loss -- mostly due to tooth decay, periodontal disease, or injury. For many years, the only treatment options available for people with missing teeth were bridges and dentures.


Question: How do I care for dental implants?

Answer: Dental implants require the same care as real teeth, including brushing, flossing, rinsing with an antibacterial mouthwash, and regular dental check-ups.


Question: How do allergies and eczema affect each other?

Answer: Kids with allergies -- especially to foods like milk and peanuts -- are more likely to have eczema. Having parents with allergies or asthma increases a child's risk of eczema. Kids with eczema are more likely to get allergies and asthma later in life. Keeping your kid away from allergy triggers can ease eczema symptoms.


Question: What should you know about the side effects of drugs?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } From the homely aspirin to the most sophisticated prescription medicine on the market, all drugs come with side effects. Many are minor, some are just an inconvenience, a few are serious, and some are just plain strange. Perhaps the most common set of side effects for drugs that work inside your body involves the gastrointestinal system. Nearly any drug can cause nausea or an upset stomach, though it may only happen to a handful of people. For drugs used on the outside, skin irritation is a common complaint.


Question: What is the FDA's role in side effects of drugs?

Answer: Before a drug can come on the market, the FDA must approve it. The New Drug Applications ( NDAs) submitted by pharmaceutical companies have, first and foremost, evidence that the drug has the effect it's supposed to have and is safe. This proof comes from testing the drug, first in animals and then in humans. Once the basic questions of safety and efficacy are settled, the FDA will approve the drug if it deems that its benefits outweigh its risks. Still, sometimes testing doesn't reveal everything about a drug's side effects, and they don't show up until after the medication enters the marketplace and more people start using it. That's where Med Watch comes in. The FDA's post-marketing surveillance program seeks voluntary input, mainly from health care professionals, on unwanted effects they see in ''the real world.'' Sometimes these reports are numerous or serious enough for the FDA to take regulatory action, such as adding warnings to a drug's label. This happened with the psoriasis drug Raptiva. The FDA required that the drug carry the agency's strongest warning, known as a black box warning, after it received reports of brain infections and meningitis in patients taking the drug. The drug was later taken off the market. The FDA also wants input from consumers when it comes to side effects. All prescription drugs, and many OTC products, must be labeled with a toll-free number the agency has for letting it know about side effects with drugs, called "adverse events." You can report possible new but severe side effects through Med Watch at 1-800- FDA-1088 or through the FDA website.


Question: How many servings of fruit and vegetables should I eat to lose weight without fad diets?

Answer: How many depends on your age, sex, and activity level. A good reference point for adults is 2 to 3 cups of vegetables and 1.5 to 2 servings of fruits a day.


Question: How can I treat sleep apnea at home?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You may be able to treat mild cases of sleep apnea by changing your behavior, for example: Losing weight Avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills. Changing sleep positions to improve breathing. Stopping smoking. Smoking can increase the swelling in the upper airway, which may worsen both snoring and apnea. Avoiding sleeping on your back.


Question: What are the types of surgery for sleep apnea?

Answer: If you have a deviated nasal septum, enlarged tonsils, or a small lower jaw with an overbite causing the throat to be too narrow, surgery may be needed to correct sleep apnea. The most commonly performed types of surgery for sleep apnea include: Nasal surgery: Correction of nasal problems such as a deviated septum. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( UPPP): A procedure that removes soft tissue on the back of the throat and palate, increasing the width of the airway at the opening of throat. Mandibular maxillomandibular advancement surgery: Surgery to correct certain facial problems or throat obstructions that contribute to sleep apnea.


Question: How helpful iares dental devices in treating sleep apnea?

Answer: Dental devices can be made that help keep the airway open during sleep. Such devices can be specifically designed by dentists with special expertise in treating sleep apnea.


Question: What are the treatments options for sleep apnea?

Answer: Sleep apnea treatments range from lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or changing sleep positions, to CPAP therapy, to surgery.


Question: What can help you remove germs from your kitchen sponge?

Answer: Washing a sponge in the dishwasher also isn't enough to kill germs unless you have an extremely high-heat germicide cycle. As an alternative, you can use paper towels or a clean cloth; be sure to use the cloth only once and then toss it in the laundry. If you do use sponges, you can soak them between cleanings in a solution of no more than 1 cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water, or vinegar and water. Soak them in the bleach solution for about 5 minutes or in the vinegar solution for 20 to 30 minutes. Rinse thoroughly and let air dry.


Question: What can you do to help remove germs in your dishwasher?

Answer: Do you see a black fungus on the seal around your dishwasher door or inside your dishwasher? It may be Exophiala dermatitidis, a fungus that likes high heat and is resistant to most detergents. Scrub it away with a paste of vinegar and baking soda. While you're in the dishwasher, pour a couple of cups of vinegar in the bottom and run a cycle to kill other tough germs.


Question: What can help you remove germs from your kitchen cutting board?

Answer: Disinfect cutting boards by soaking them in straight vinegar or a bleach solution of no more than 1 cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water for about 30 minutes. Then rinse thoroughly with hot, soapy water or put them in the dishwasher. Using the dishwasher alone isn't enough to sanitize them.


Question: What can help you remove germs from your kitchen counter?

Answer: Spraying a 10% vinegar solution on counters will wipe out lots of kitchen counter germs at once. Keep the surface wet for 30 to 60 seconds, then wipe. Keep purses, briefcases, lunchboxes, keys, mail, and electronic devices like remote controls off countertops because they're teeming with germs.


Question: When should I go to the doctor for my pain?

Answer: Enduring the occasional headache or minor sports injury is one thing. But putting up with chronic pain can impair functioning and quality of life. It can lead to depression, fatigue from loss of sleep, anxiety, inability to work, and impaired relationships. Most pain can be treated effectively and should be.


Question: Should I just live with the pain?

Answer: Pain is an invisible problem that others can't see, but that doesn't mean it's all in your head. There are countless options for pain relief. They include relaxation techniques, exercise, physical therapy, over-the-counter and prescription medications, surgery, injections (into muscle, joints or your back), and complementary treatments such as acupuncture and massage. It may not always be possible to completely get rid of your pain, but you can use many techniques to help manage it much better.


Question: Is pain really in my head?

Answer: Pain is a complex problem, involving both the mind and the body. For instance, back pain has no known cause in most cases, and stressful life events can make it worse. But that doesn't mean it isn't real. Pain is an invisible problem that others can't see, but that doesn't mean it's all in your head.


Question: Is "no pain, no gain" true?

Answer: Yet there is no evidence to support the notion that you can build strength by exerting muscles to the point of pain. A related belief, " Work through the pain," is also mistaken. Resting to repair muscles and bring pain relief might not be macho, but it's a smart thing to do.


Question: Why is an esophageal pH test done?

Answer: The procedure is commonly used to help confirm the diagnosis of GERD or to identify the cause of various symptoms, including: Heartburn , primarily in patients who have had a normal endoscopy and who have failed medical treatment or may be considered as candidates for surgery Uncommon symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), such as chest pain, chronic cough, asthma, and other throat symptoms The test may also be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of current treatments for heartburn or reflux.


Question: How is an esophageal pH test done?

Answer: The equipment used in the esophageal p H test consists of a small probe that is inserted through your nostril and positioned near the lower esophagus. The probe is plugged into a small unit (or monitor) worn on your belt or over your shoulder. A newer, wireless device may make monitoring the p H level easier: Instead of having to have a tube placed down your nose for 24 hours, your doctor will place a disposable capsule into the esophagus using an endoscope. The capsule then wirelessly transmits information for up to 48 hours to a receiver worn around the waist.


Question: What is an esophageal pH test?

Answer: The esophageal p H test is an outpatient procedure performed to measure the p H or amount of acid that flows into the esophagus from the stomach during a 24-hour period.


Question: What are the signs of an ear infection?

Answer: Warning signs of an ear infection can include: Fullness or pressure in one or both ears Pain in one or both of them Fluid that drains from your ear Muffled hearing See your doctor right away if you have a high fever or severe pain in your ear.


Question: What causes an ear infection?

Answer: Ear infection : Colds, bronchitis, and sinus infections can keep fluid trapped in your ear behind your eardrum. When this happens, bacteria or viruses can grow and cause an infection.


Question: What does a common cold consist of?

Answer: You could have symptoms like: A runny nose -- with or without green or yellow mucus A stuffy nose Sneezing Watery eyes Sore throat Cough Try to rest up while the cold runs its course. There's probably no need to call your doctor unless your symptoms are severe or you have other medical problems.


Question: What are the signs of pneumonia?

Answer: But call yours ASAP if you have any of these symptoms -- you could have pneumonia: Fever above 100.4 F A cough that is not better after 7 to 10 days Unexplained weight loss Get emergency care or call 911 for any of these symptoms: Chest pain or trouble breathing with your cough Coughing up blood A barking cough that makes it hard for you to talk or swallow If you're over 75 and have a cough that won't stop, see your doctor.


Question: What cold or illness symptoms are emergencies?

Answer: But call yours ASAP if you have any of these symptoms -- you could have pneumonia: Fever above 100.4 F A cough that is not better after 7 to 10 days Unexplained weight loss Get emergency care or call 911 for any of these symptoms: Chest pain or trouble breathing with your cough Coughing up blood A barking cough that makes it hard for you to talk or swallow If you're over 75 and have a cough that won't stop, see your doctor.


Question: What are the signs of a sinus infection?

Answer: You may get a headache, fever, and some or all of these symptoms: A severely stuffed up nose Less sense of smell and taste Thick yellow or green mucus Achy teeth Pain or pressure near your sinuses that gets worse when you bend over A cough that's worse at night Bad breath See your doctor if these symptoms are severe, you still feel bad after 7 days, or if you get better and then get worse.


Question: What are signs that I have something worse than a cold?

Answer: It could mean you have something more than a cold: Fever higher than 102 F with tiredness and body aches Severe vomiting Severe sinus pain in your face or forehead Swollen glands in your neck or jaw Call 911 for any of these problems: Trouble breathing or shortness of breath Chest pain or pressure Fainting or feeling faint Feeling foggy or confused Sometimes a cold causes swelling in the nose or lungs.


Question: What are the signs of bronchitis?

Answer: They could be warning signs of something more serious, like meningitis: Fever over 102 F Sudden, severe pain in the face or head Double vision or trouble seeing Confusion or problems thinking clearly Swelling or redness around one or both eyes Stiff neck Shortness of breath Bronchitis (a chest cold): You get it when the large tubes that carry air into your lungs become swollen and irritated. Telltale symptoms of this illness can include: A cough that could last 10 to 20 days A cough that produces green, yellow, or clear mucus Most of the time, you don't need to see a doctor for bronchitis.


Question: Can a cold cause a sinus infection?

Answer: That can lead to other problems, like these: Sinus infection (sinusitis): This happens when a cold virus infects your sinuses -- the hollow areas in the bones of your cheeks, forehead, and under your eyes. These areas swell, and your body makes more mucus. It's a perfect place for bacteria to grow and thrive.


Question: What are the risks of heart bypass surgery?

Answer: Some of the possible ones include: Fever Heart attack Infection and bleeding at the incision Memory loss Pain Reactions to anesthesia Stroke Once you've recovered, your symptoms of angina will be gone or much better.


Question: What is heart bypass surgery like?

Answer: A surgeon takes blood vessels from another part of your body to go around, or bypass, a blocked artery. The result is that more blood and oxygen can flow to your heart again.


Question: What are reactions to injections of immunotherapy for lung cancer?

Answer: Reactions to Injections You may have pain, swelling, soreness, redness, itchiness, or a rash in the area where the medicine went into your vein. This usually goes away on its own. You can take acetaminophen or an over-the-counter antihistamine to ease the discomfort. Just make sure your doctor says it's OK. Cold compresses can also help.


Question: How do atypical antipsychotics treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Conventional antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Oxilapine) Perphenazine ( Trilafon), Thioridazine ( Mellaril), Thiothixene ( Navane) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Atypical antipsychotics: These newer drugs appear to be help treat the symptoms of delusional disorder with fewer movement-related side effects than the older typical antipsychotics. They work by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Serotonin is another neurotransmitter believed to be involved in delusional disorder. These drugs include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Aripiprazole Lauroxil ( Aristada) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna) Paliperidone Palmitate ( Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel), Risperidone ( Risperdal), Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Other medications: Sedatives and antidepressants might also be used to treat anxiety or mood symptoms if they happen with delusional disorder.


Question: How can you recover from delusional disorder?

Answer: Delusional disorder is typically a chronic (ongoing) condition, but when properly treated, many people can find relief from their symptoms. Some recover completely, while others have bouts of delusional beliefs with periods of remission (lack of symptoms). Unfortunately, many people with this disorder don't seek help. It's often hard for people with a mental disorder to know they aren't well. Or they may credit their symptoms to other things, like the environment. They also might be too embarrassed or afraid to seek treatment. Without treatment, delusional disorder can be a lifelong illness.


Question: What other medications might doctors use to treat delusional disorder?

Answer: These drugs include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Aripiprazole Lauroxil ( Aristada) Asenapine ( Saphris) Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna) Paliperidone Palmitate ( Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel), Risperidone ( Risperdal), Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Other medications: Sedatives and antidepressants might also be used to treat anxiety or mood symptoms if they happen with delusional disorder. Tranquilizers might be used if the person has a very high level of anxiety or problems sleeping. Antidepressants might be used to treat depression, which often happens in people with delusional disorder Psychotherapy can also be helpful, along with medications, as a way to help people better manage and cope with the stresses related to their delusional beliefs and its impact on their lives.


Question: Can delusional disorder be prevented?

Answer: There's no known way to prevent delusional disorder. But early diagnosis and treatment can help lessen the disruption to the person's life, family, and friendships.


Question: What are people with delusional disorder like?

Answer: People with delusional disorder often can continue to socialize and function normally, apart from the subject of their delusion, and generally do not behave in an obviously odd or bizarre manner. This is unlike people with other psychotic disorders, who also might have delusions as a symptom of their disorder. But in some cases, people with delusional disorder might become so preoccupied with their delusions that their lives are disrupted.


Question: What is the outlook for people with delusional disorder?

Answer: It varies, depending on the person, the type of delusional disorder, and the person's life circumstances, including the presence of support and a willingness to stick with treatment.


Question: How do doctors diagnose delusional disorder?

Answer: If you have symptoms of delusional disorder, your doctor will likely give you a complete medical history and physical exam. Although there are no lab tests to specifically diagnose delusional disorder, the doctor might use diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, to rule out physical illness as the cause of the symptoms.


Question: How do doctors treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Treatment most often includes medication and psychotherapy (a type of counseling). Delusional disorder can be very difficult to treat, in part because those who have it often have poor insight and do not know there's a psychiatric problem. Studies show that close to half of patients treated with antipsychotic medications show at least partial improvement.


Question: What is erotomanic delusional disorder?

Answer: The types are based on the main theme of the delusion: Erotomanic: The person believes someone is in love with them and might try to contact that person. Often it's someone important or famous. This can lead to stalking behavior.


Question: How common is delusional disorder?

Answer: Although delusions might be a symptom of more common disorders, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder itself is rather rare. Delusional disorder most often happens in middle to late life and is slightly more common in women than in men.


Question: What is somatic delusional disorder?

Answer: Somatic: They believe they have a physical defect or medical problem.


Question: What does delusional disorder involve?

Answer: These delusions usually involve mistaken perceptions or experiences. But in reality, the situations are either not true at all or highly exaggerated. A bizarre delusion, by contrast, is something that could never happen in real life, such as being cloned by aliens or having your thoughts broadcast on TV.


Question: What psychotherapies may help treat delusional disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapies that may be helpful in delusional disorder include: Individual psychotherapy can help the person recognize and correct the thinking that has become distorted. Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) can help the person learn to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings. Family therapy can help families deal with a loved one who has delusional disorder, enabling them help the person.


Question: How do doctors diagnose delusional disorder if there is no physical reason for the symptoms?

Answer: These include: Alzheimer's disease Epilepsy Obsessive-compulsive disorder Delirium Other schizophrenia spectrum disorders If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They'll use interview and assessment tools to evaluate the person for a psychotic disorder. The doctor or therapist bases the diagnosis on the person's symptoms and their own observation of the person's attitude and behavior. They'll decide if the symptoms point to a disorder. A diagnosis of delusional disorder is made if: The person has one or more delusions that last a month or longer.


Question: What is jealous delusional disorder?

Answer: Jealous: A person with this type believes their spouse or sexual partner is unfaithful.


Question: Do you need to be hospitalized if you have delusional disorder?

Answer: People with severe symptoms or who are at risk of hurting themselves or others might need to be hospitalized until the condition is stabilized.


Question: What are some environmental or psychological triggers for delusional disorder?

Answer: Environmental/psychological: Evidence suggests that stress can trigger delusional disorder. Alcohol and drug abuse also might contribute to it. People who tend to be isolated, such as immigrants or those with poor sight and hearing, appear to be more likely to have delusional disorder.


Question: How does biology determine the development of delusional disorder?

Answer: Biological: Researchers are studying how delusional disorders might happen when parts of the brain aren't normal. Abnormal brain regions that control perception and thinking may be linked to the delusional symptoms.


Question: How do conventional antipsychotics treat delusional disorder?

Answer: The primary medications used to attempt to treat delusional disorder are called antipsychotics. Drugs used include: Conventional antipsychotics: Also called neuroleptics, these have been used to treat mental disorders since the mid-1950s. They work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter believed to be involved in the development of delusions. Conventional antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Loxapine ( Oxilapine) Perphenazine ( Trilafon), Thioridazine ( Mellaril), Thiothixene ( Navane) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Atypical antipsychotics: These newer drugs appear to be help treat the symptoms of delusional disorder with fewer movement-related side effects than the older typical antipsychotics.


Question: Is delusional disorder hereditary?

Answer: Genetic: The fact that delusional disorder is more common in people who have family members with delusional disorder or schizophrenia suggests genes may be involved. It is believed that, as with other mental disorders, a tendency to have delusional disorder might be passed on from parents to their children.


Question: What is mixed delusional disorder?

Answer: Mixed: These people have two or more of the types of delusions listed above.


Question: What is persecutory delusional disorder?

Answer: Persecutory: Someone who has this believes they (or someone close to them) are being mistreated, or that someone is spying on them or planning to harm them. They might make repeated complaints to legal authorities.


Question: What is grandiose delusional disorder?

Answer: Grandiose: This person has an over-inflated sense of worth, power, knowledge, or identity. They could believe they have a great talent or made an important discovery.


Question: How can you get anal fissures from constipation?

Answer: Passing hard stools or straining to pass stools can tear the tissue around your anus. These tears are anal fissures. They cause itching, pain, and bleeding. Because the symptoms of anal fissures make going to the bathroom more difficult, they can make constipation worse. This happens often in children who hold in their stool out of fear of the pain. The tears are usually very small. But sometimes they can grow larger and affect the ring of muscle at the opening of your anus that keeps it closed. This kind of anal fissure is harder to heal. You may need medication or surgery to fix the problem. Once you've had an anal fissure, you're more likely to get another one.


Question: What can happen if you have chronic constipation?

Answer: Having it every once in a while is common, but if you're dealing with symptoms for more than 3 months, your constipation is chronic. And that raises your chance of having complications. The problems most often happen in the places where stool leaves your body. When you're constipated, you're more likely to push hard to try to go.


Question: How can you get hemorrhoids from constipation?

Answer: When you're constipated, you're more likely to push hard to try to go. That can make the veins around your rectum and anus swell. These swollen veins are called hemorrhoids, or piles. They're like varicose veins around your anus. They can be external, which means they're under the skin around the anus, or internal, which means they're in the lining of your anus or rectum.


Question: How can you get impaction from constipation?

Answer: When you can't get stool out of your body, it can start to stick together in your intestines. The hardened mass gets stuck and causes a blockage. The squeezing your colon normally uses to push stool out of your body can't move it because it's too large and hard. It can cause pain and vomiting. You may even have to go to the emergency room for treatment. Children and older adults are more likely to have fecal impaction.


Question: What can hemorrhoids from constipation cause?

Answer: Hemorrhoids can itch and be painful. They can cause bleeding when you have a bowel movement. You may see streaks of blood on your toilet paper when you wipe. Sometimes blood can pool inside a hemorrhoid, which can cause a painful, hard lump. You may also get skin tags, blood clots, or infections from your hemorrhoids.


Question: What bisphosphonate drugs can treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Other hormonal treatments include antiandrogens, estrogen- and progesterone-type drugs and cortisone derivatives.


Question: How can external beam radiation therapy treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Plus, radiation therapy directed at the bone can reduce pain caused by bone metastases.


Question: How does MRI scanning treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: A newer noninvasive procedure uses MRI scanning to focus the energy from ultrasound in order to destroy nerve endings in the bone around the tumor. This can provide relief from bone pain with a low risk of complications.


Question: What is advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer is defined as ''advanced'' when it spreads outside the prostate gland. It may spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, bones, or other parts of the body. When it is spread beyond the tissues directly adjacent to the prostate gland, it is called metastatic prostate cancer.


Question: How does Xofigo treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: One drug, Xofigo ( Radium -223), is approved for use in men who have advanced prostate cancer that has spread only to the bones. Candidates should have also received androgen deprivation therapy. Xofigo, given by injection once a month, works by binding to minerals within bones to deliver radiation directly to bone tumors. A study of 809 men showed that those taking Xofigo lived an average of 3 months longer than those taking a placebo.


Question: How does Provenge treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: If hormone therapy ultimately fails to slow the growth of the cancer, the next step may be a prostate cancer "vaccine" called Provenge (sipuleucel- T). Most men who take Provenge survive at least 2 years after starting the treatment. Provenge isn't your everyday vaccine. It's a therapy created by taking immune cells from a patient, genetically engineering them to fight prostate cancer, and then putting them back into the patient. It's used for men with few or no symptoms and when advanced prostate cancer no longer responds to hormone therapy.


Question: How does androgen deprivation therapy treat advanced prostate cancer?

Answer: A look at treatments: Most prostate cancer grows in response to male hormones (androgens) in the body, such as testosterone. That's why one of the first treatments for advanced prostate cancer is to decrease these hormone levels (called androgen deprivation therapy). There are several medications that can do this, including Lupron (leuprolide), Trelstar (triptorelin), or Zoladex (goserelin). These drugs work to reduce testosterone levels to those seen in castrated patients.


Question: When should you see a doctor about a yeast infection?

Answer: See a doctor to be sure it's not a more serious problem that needs a different treatment, such as a urinary tract infection or STI. You're pregnant. Any medications, including over-the-counter vaginal creams, need to be approved by your doctor during pregnancy. You often get yeast infections. If you have four or more yeast infections in a year, doctors call it ârecurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.â If you have it, you'll need treatment for up to 6 months with an antifungal medication. Frequent yeast infections can also be a sign that you have diabetes or another medical condition. If you're concerned about your symptoms or they're different from past yeast infections you've had, you may want to see your doctor for your own peace of mind. Because symptoms are uncomfortable, some women will ask for a prescription-strength vaginal cream to ease the itching and burning more quickly than an over-the-counter product would. Some things you can do to prevent yeast infections may also treat a yeast infection once you have it.


Question: How does synovial fluid help your joints?

Answer: Smooth tissue called cartilage and synovium and a lubricant called synovial fluid cushion the joints so bones do not rub together.


Question: How can a stronger core help with caring for your joints?

Answer: Stronger abs and back muscles help you keep your balance and prevent falls that can damage your joints.


Question: How does exercise helps in caring for your joints?

Answer: Exercise can help you lose extra pounds and maintain a healthy weight. Some research suggests that aerobic exercise -- activities that get your heart rate up -- can reduce joint swelling. If your joints bother you, opt for exercises that won't give your joints a pounding. Instead of step aerobics, try low-impact exercises such as swimming or bicycling.


Question: How important is your posture for your joints' health?

Answer: Slouching is not good for your joints. Standing and sitting up straight protect your joints from your neck to your knees. Good posture also helps guard your hip joints and back muscles. Posture is also important when lifting and carrying. For example, if you use a backpack, be sure to put it over both shoulders instead of slinging it over one. Being lopsided puts more stress on your joints. When lifting, use the biggest muscles in your body by bending at your knees instead of bending your back.


Question: How can weight affect your joints?

Answer: Keeping your weight within a healthy range is the best thing you can do for your joints. Weight-bearing joints, such as your knees, hips, and back, have to support some, if not all, of your body weight. That's why so many overweight people have problems with these areas of the body.


Question: How does vitamin D help your joints?

Answer: You also need vitamin D to keep your bones and joints in good health. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium from the foods you eat. Dairy products.


Question: What should your bedroom be like if you have insomnia?

Answer: Temperature, lighting, and noise should be controlled to make the bedroom conducive to falling (and staying) asleep. Your bed should feel comfortable and if you have a pet that sleeps in the room with you, consider having the pet sleep somewhere else if it tends to make noise in the night.


Question: How can cognitive therapy help insomnia?

Answer: Cognitive therapy helps some people with insomnia identify and correct inappropriate thoughts and beliefs that may contribute to insomnia. In addition, cognitive therapy can give you the proper information about sleep norms, age-related sleep changes, and help set reasonable sleep goals, among other things.


Question: Why are naps bad for insomnia?

Answer: It is important to establish and maintain a regular sleep pattern and train oneself to associate sleep with cues like darkness and a consistent bedtime. Napping can affect the quality of nighttime sleep.


Question: Why is eating or drinking right before bed bad for insomnia?

Answer: Eating a late dinner or snacking before going to bed can activate the digestive system and keep you up. If you suffer from gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD) or heartburn, it is even more important to avoid eating and drinking right before bed since this can make your symptoms worse. In addition, drinking a lot of fluids prior to bed can overwhelm the bladder, requiring frequent visits to the bathroom that disturb your sleep.


Question: Why is exercise good for insomnia?

Answer: Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and duration. However, exercising immediately before bedtime can have a stimulant effect on the body and should be avoided. Try to finish exercising at least three hours before you plan to retire for the night.


Question: How can your genes put you at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Some people have fewer copies of a gene that helps to fight HIV. We might someday have a test that can tell you if you're more likely to get HIV and develop AIDS, but there isn't one yet.


Question: How can shared needles put you at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: The other big risk is reusing needles, syringes, or other equipment an HIV-positive person used to inject drugs, whether they were prescribed by a doctor or illegal. You shouldn't even reuse your own. You could also get HIV from a needle used for piercing or tattooing if it wasn't sterilized after piercing or tattooing someone with HIV. An accidental stick from a contaminated needle or medical device could cause HIV, but that's very rare.


Question: How can donated blood put you at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's possible if you had a blood transfusion or were given blood products before 1985. Since then, all blood in the United States and Western Europe gets tested for HIV.


Question: Where are asbestos normally found?

Answer: It sometimes lurks in older homes in places like steam pipes or tiles. It's not a hazard unless the material gets damaged and releases fibers. Hire a trained professional if you need to repair or remove it.


Question: How can I check how much radon is in my home?

Answer: You can check how much of it is in your home with a detection kit, or you can hire a professional to do it. If the levels are too high, it's a good idea to work with a contractor who has experience with this issue. He may seal cracks in your floors and walls and use other techniques to help lower the amount of the gas in your home.


Question: How can diet cause lung cancer?

Answer: What you put on your plate could affect the health of your lungs. A new study looked at how the glycemic index, which measures how quickly a carbohydrate raises your blood sugar, may be linked with lung cancer risk.


Question: How can I check if a gene mutation will cause me to get lung cancer?

Answer: There aren't any tests to check if you have any of these genetic problems. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: Can asbestos cause lung cancer?

Answer: When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. The more you're in contact with asbestos, the higher your risk.


Question: What is radon and where does it come from?

Answer: It's a gas that naturally forms from soil and rock. You can't see, smell, or taste it. Low levels of the stuff are a natural part of the air outdoors, but it's more likely to be a problem inside homes and buildings. It can creep in from the ground through cracks in the floors or walls.


Question: What is asbestos?

Answer: It's a group of minerals that was used in a lot of building supplies and products until researchers found it was harmful.


Question: How can genetic changes result in lung cancer?

Answer: Sometimes changes to the DNA of your lung cells, known as "mutations," can lead to cancer. There are several ways this can happen. For example, you may be born with problems in chromosome number 6 that make you more likely to get lung cancer. Or you may naturally have less of an ability to clear away chemicals from your body that can cause the disease. Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer.


Question: How can air pollution cause lung cancer?

Answer: In the U. S. dust, smoke, and chemicals in the air cause about 1%-2% of lung cancers. Researchers suspect that polluted air can cause changes in your DNA that may set the stage for a higher risk of the disease. The more air pollution you breathe in, the greater your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: What foods may cause lung cancer?

Answer: Researchers in one study found that people who ate a diet with the highest glycemic index had a higher risk of getting the disease. Foods that may be troublesome are white bread, sugary cereal, white rice, pretzels, and popcorn. Healthier choices are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, sweet potatoes, lentils, and most fruits.


Question: How can someone check to see how much radon is in their home?

Answer: You can check how much of it is in your home with a detection kit, or you can hire a professional to do it. If the levels are too high, it's a good idea to work with a contractor who has experience with this issue. He may seal cracks in your floors and walls and use other techniques to help lower the amount of the gas in your home.


Question: How does diet play a role in getting lung cancer?

Answer: What you put on your plate could affect the health of your lungs. A new study looked at how the glycemic index, which measures how quickly a carbohydrate raises your blood sugar, may be linked with lung cancer risk. Researchers in one study found that people who ate a diet with the highest glycemic index had a higher risk of getting the disease. Foods that may be troublesome are white bread, sugary cereal, white rice, pretzels, and popcorn. Healthier choices are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, sweet potatoes, lentils, and most fruits.


Question: What is radon?

Answer: It's a gas that naturally forms from soil and rock. You can't see, smell, or taste it. Low levels of the stuff are a natural part of the air outdoors, but it's more likely to be a problem inside homes and buildings. It can creep in from the ground through cracks in the floors or walls.


Question: What is another possibility of getting lung cancer?

Answer: Another possibility: Your body may be unable to repair damaged DNA, which puts you at higher risk when you come into contact with chemicals that can cause lung cancer. There aren't any tests to check if you have any of these genetic problems. Your best bet is to avoid things that are known to increase your odds of getting the disease.


Question: How does air pollution cause lung cancer?

Answer: In the U. S. dust, smoke, and chemicals in the air cause about 1%-2% of lung cancers. Researchers suspect that polluted air can cause changes in your DNA that may set the stage for a higher risk of the disease. The more air pollution you breathe in, the greater your chances of getting this type of cancer.


Question: How can someone get lung cancer with asbestos?

Answer: When you breathe it in, the fibers get stuck deep in your lungs and over time may lead to lung cancer. The more you're in contact with asbestos, the higher your risk. It sometimes lurks in older homes in places like steam pipes or tiles. It's not a hazard unless the material gets damaged and releases fibers. Hire a trained professional if you need to repair or remove it.


Question: Why do certain foods cause lung cancer?

Answer: Experts aren't exactly sure why a high-glycemic diet may be connected with lung cancer. One possible reason is that it raises your blood sugar, which increases levels of proteins called insulin-like growth factors. Earlier studies suggest they may play a role in the development of the disease.


Question: What are the symptoms of hypertension?

Answer: Hypertension symptoms? Often there aren't any. High blood pressure is often called the "silent" disease, because it may have no noticeable symptoms.


Question: How do you take medications to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.


Question: What medicines help with food digestion in people with diabetes?

Answer: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose. You can take these medications by themselves or in combination with others, including insulin. Some pills have more than one kind of drug.


Question: Can weight loss surgery help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Weight loss surgery gets rid of extra pounds. And that alone will help control your blood sugar. But it also raises the level of hormones in your gut called incretins. These tell your pancreas to make insulin. Over time, you may be able to take less medication.


Question: How do injectable drugs help treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Injectable drugs slow how quickly food leaves your stomach and make you feel full. And they tell your liver to back off making glucose around mealtimes. GLP-1 receptor agonists help your pancreas make insulin. Some of them you take every day, while others last a week. Pramlintide ( Symlin) acts like a hormone, amylin, that your pancreas sends out with insulin. You only take it if you're also using insulin.


Question: How are types of insulin for type 2 diabetes grouped?

Answer: Types of insulin are grouped by how fast they start to work and how long their effects last. You might have to use more than one kind of insulin. Some insulins come pre-mixed.


Question: How do you treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You have lots of options to manage diabetes. Food, exercise, and medication work together to bring your blood sugar under control. Your doctor will help you figure out if you need to take medicine, which kind is right for you, and how often you should take it. Over your lifetime, you'll probably handle your disease in different ways. Sometimes medications stop working, and you'll have to switch. You'll need to adjust to changes in your body as you age. And researchers are looking for new diabetes medicines and ways to treat it.


Question: How are pills used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: M edications are often the first kind of medicine people with type 2 diabetes try when diet and exercise alone aren't enough to keep their blood sugar in a healthy range. There are many of them, and they work in different ways.


Question: How can physical activity help with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: From working out to doing chores, activity lowers your blood sugar. It helps your cells use insulin. It also helps your muscles use glucose. Make sure you check your blood sugar before and after exercise.


Question: What medications are used to treat type 2 diabete and how do they work?

Answer: This group includes metformin, one of the most commonly used drugs to treat diabetes. It tells your liver to hang on to some of the glucose it makes. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas. These medications tell your pancreas to make more insulin. DPP-4 inhibitors keep your body from breaking down hormones that give your pancreas the "go" signal for insulin. This means they work longer when you need to lower your blood sugar after a meal. Thiazolidinediones, TZDs, or glitazones. These medicines help insulin work better. They lower insulin resistance from your cells so your pancreas doesn't have to work as hard. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of food with complex carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and corn. This keeps your blood sugar from shooting up after you eat. SGLT2 inhibitors work by letting your kidneys pee out extra sugar. Bile acid sequestrants lower your cholesterol and can also help lower your blood glucose.


Question: How does age affect your production of hormones and blood sugar?

Answer: Your body also starts making less of some hormones, including the human growth hormone. Women will create less estrogen and progesterone, and men often produce less of the sex hormone testosterone. And as you get older, you may be more prone to illness and infections that can spike your blood sugar.


Question: Is there anything I can take if menopause is affecting my blood sugar too much?

Answer: Testosterone therapy can improve your blood sugar levels.


Question: How does diabetes affect the timing of menopause?

Answer: You may reach menopause early if you have type 1 diabetes, but if you're overweight and have type 2, your changes could start later. That's because estrogen doesn't drop as quickly in heavier women.


Question: How do I know if my symptoms are due to menopause or blood sugar if I have diabetes?

Answer: The only way to know for sure -- and the safest thing to do -- is to test it. But checking too often can take an emotional toll. If you're worried, your doctor or diabetes educator can help you figure out how often to do it.


Question: Can menopause affect type 1 diabetes?

Answer: This can be a sign that your hormones are going down and you may need less insulin. It's important to know the difference between low blood sugar and moodiness or other perimenopause symptoms. You may reach menopause early if you have type 1 diabetes, but if you're overweight and have type 2, your changes could start later.


Question: Are menopause symptoms similar to high or low blood sugar symptoms?

Answer: As your body's changing, it's easy to confuse signs of menopause with symptoms of high or low blood sugar. Dizziness, sweating, irritability, and trouble concentrating could all result from hormonal changes or from blood sugar that's too high or too low.


Question: Does menopause affect blood sugar in people with diabetes?

Answer: As women get older, hormone changes before and during menopause often cause hot flashes, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Not only do these drops or spikes in the hormones impact your mood and life, but they can also affect your blood sugar. These ups and downs mean may mean you have to test your levels and make adjustments more often.


Question: How can calcium help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Populations with low calcium intakes have high rates of high blood pressure. However, it has not been proven that taking calcium tablets will prevent high blood pressure. But it is important to be sure to get at least the recommended amount of calcium -- 1,000 milligrams per day for adults 19 to 50 years old and 1,200 mg for those over 50 (pregnant and breastfeeding women also need more) -- from the foods you eat. Dairy foods like low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese are good sources of calcium. Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have even more calcium than the high-fat types.


Question: How can garlic help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Garlic. There has been some evidence to suggest garlic's effect in lowering blood pressure, in addition to improving cholesterol and reducing some cancers. Further research is being conducted to fully assess garlic's potential health benefits. Always talk to your doctor before taking a dietary supplement or alternative herbal treatment. Some may interact with other medications you may be taking or have harmful side effects.


Question: How can maintaining a healthy weight help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Being overweight can make you two to six times more likely to develop high blood pressure than if you are at your desirable weight. Even small amounts of weight loss can make a big difference in helping to prevent and treat high blood pressure.


Question: How can fish oils help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Large amounts of fish oils may help reduce high blood pressure, but their role in prevention is unclear. Taking fish oil pills is not routinely recommended, primarily because it is unclear whether supplements can make a difference; getting omega 3's as part of a heart healthy diet is best. Most fish, if not fried or made with added fat, is low in saturated fat and calories and can be eaten often.


Question: How can drinking less alcohol help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Drinking alcohol in moderation, if at all: Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. To help prevent high blood pressure, limit how much alcohol you drink to no more than two drinks a day. The " Dietary Guidelines for Americans" recommends that for overall health, women should limit their alcohol to no more than one drink a day.


Question: How can lowering stress help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Reduce stress: Stress can make blood pressure go up, and over time may contribute to the cause of high blood pressure.


Question: How many American adults have high blood pressure?

Answer: About 1 in every 4 American adults has high blood pressure, also called hypertension, which is a major risk factor for heart and kidney diseases, stroke, and heart failure. High blood pressure is especially dangerous because it often gives no warning signs or symptoms. Fortunately, you can find out if you have high blood pressure by having your blood pressure checked regularly. If it is high, you can take steps to lower it. Just as important, if your blood pressure is normal, you can learn how to keep it from rising.


Question: How can regular exercise help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Getting regular exercise: People who are physically active have a lower risk of getting high blood pressure -- 20% to 50% lower -- than people who are not active. You don't have to be a marathon runner to benefit from physical activity. Even light activities, if done daily, can help lower your risk.


Question: How can eating less salt help prevent high blood pressure?

Answer: Reducing salt intake: Often, when people with high blood pressure cut back on salt, their blood pressure falls. Cutting back on salt also prevents blood pressure from rising.


Question: Can misaligned bones cause runner's knee?

Answer: If any of the bones from your hips to your ankles are out of their correct position, including the kneecap, that can put too much pressure on certain spots. Then your kneecap won't move smoothly through its groove, which can cause pain.


Question: When can I go back to my old level of activity after runner's knee?

Answer: Don't return to your old level of physical activity until: You can fully bend and straighten your knee without pain. You feel no pain in your knee when you walk, jog, sprint, or jump. Your knee is as strong as your uninjured knee.


Question: What is runner's knee?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } First, it isn't just for runners. Also, it isn't really a specific injury. Runner's knee is a broad term used to describe the pain you feel if you have one of several knee problems. You might hear a doctor call it patellofemoral pain syndrome.


Question: What is chondromalacia patella?

Answer: Chondromalacia patella, a condition in which the cartilage under your kneecap breaks down The main thing is pain.


Question: What are the symptoms of runner's knee?

Answer: Chondromalacia patella, a condition in which the cartilage under your kneecap breaks down The main thing is pain. You might notice it: Usually in front of your kneecap, though it could be around or behind it When you bend your knee to walk, squat, kneel, run, or even get up from a chair Getting worse when you walk downstairs or downhill The area around your knee could swell, or you might hear popping or have a grinding feeling in the knee.


Question: What do I do if my runner's knee doesn't get better?

Answer: If you try these techniques and your knee still hurts, ask your doctor if you need to see a specialist, like an orthopedic surgeon. It's rare, but you may need surgery for severe cases of runner's knee. An orthopedic surgeon can remove or replace damaged cartilage and, in extreme cases, correct the position of your kneecap to send stress through the joint more evenly.


Question: When will my runner's knee get better?

Answer: Your recovery time depends on your body and your injury.


Question: Can problems with your feet cause runner's knee?

Answer: Problems with your feet, like hypermobile feet (when the joints in and around them move more than they should), fallen arches (flat feet), or overpronation (which means your foot rolls down and inward when you step).


Question: What causes runner's knee?

Answer: Problems with your feet, like hypermobile feet (when the joints in and around them move more than they should), fallen arches (flat feet), or overpronation (which means your foot rolls down and inward when you step).


Question: How can I treat my injured shoulder at home and what are the signs that I need to call my doctor?

Answer: You can treat some shoulder injuries at home for a few days with rest and ice. You can bandage it to hold it in place if necessary, and elevate it above the heart. But some injuries need professional help. Here are signs that you need to see a doctor right away: Your shoulder joint looks deformed. You can't use your shoulder at all. The pain is intense. The shoulder is swelling suddenly. Your arm or hand is weak or numb.


Question: How can frozen shoulder cause shoulder pain?

Answer: This condition limits how much your joint will move. Abnormal bands of tissue (adhesions) build up in the joint and keep your shoulder from moving freely. Your shoulder might âfreezeâ because pain or surgery have made you use it less, allowing the adhesions to build up.


Question: How can joint separation cause shoulder pain?

Answer: This injury affects the joint where your collarbone and shoulder blade come together. It's called the acromioclavicular ( AC) joint. A fall or hard blow tears the ligaments holding it together. If your collarbone gets pushed out of place, you'll have a bump on top of your shoulder.


Question: How can shoulder joint tear cause shoulder pain?

Answer: You can injure the cartilage (the rubbery padding) that goes around the rim of your shoulder joint. It can happen after doing the same motion over and over. You can also hurt it in a fall, or anytime your shoulder absorbs a lot of force. With this type of injury, you might feel pain when you reach over your head, and your shoulder could seem weak. It might also feel like it's catching, locking, or grinding.


Question: How can bursitis cause shoulder pain?

Answer: The bursa (a fluid-filled sac that cushions in your joint) can get swollen and irritated if you repeat the same motions over and over again. But it can also be caused by a fall or another injury. If you have bursitis, you may notice the pain most when you move your shoulder.


Question: How can you prevent food poisoning from vegetables?

Answer: Vegetables: These can also be the source of food poisoning, particularly sprouts of all kinds (alfalfa, mung, clover, and radish). This is because sprouting requires warmer temperatures, which are ideal for bacterial growth. Avoid raw sprouts if you are pregnant or have a weakened immune system.


Question: Who is at risk for stress fractures?

Answer: Stress fractures are much more likely to develop in people who have just started a new exercise or abruptly stepped up the intensity of their work out. When the muscles aren't conditioned, they tire easily and can't support and cushion the bones as well. Increased pressure is exerted directly on the bones, which can lead to a fracture.


Question: What's a healthy waist measurement?

Answer: For your best health, your waist should be less than 40 inches around for men, and less than 35 inches for women. If it's larger than that, you may want to talk with your doctor about what your next steps are, including losing weight.


Question: How do you measure your waist?

Answer: Start at the top of your hip bone, then bring the tape measure all the way around your body, level with your belly button. Make sure it's not too tight and that it's straight, even at the back. Don't hold your breath while measuring. Check the number on the tape measure right after you exhale.


Question: Can you reverse a vasectomy?

Answer: The procedure itself is simple, but reversing it is difficult, expensive, and can be unsuccessful. But, it is possible to store semen in a sperm bank to preserve the possibility of producing a pregnancy at some future date. However, doing this is costly, and the sperm in stored semen do not always remain viable (able to cause pregnancy).


Question: Who should get a vasectomy?

Answer: For all of these reasons, doctors advise that a vasectomy be undertaken only by men who are prepared to accept the fact that they will no longer be able to father a child.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a vasectomy?

Answer: After a vasectomy, you will probably feel sore for a few days. You should rest for at least one day. However, you can expect to recover completely in less than a week. Many men have the procedure on a Friday and return to work on Monday.


Question: How should you follow up after leaving the hospital or doctor's office with a broken hand?

Answer: Follow-up After you leave the hospital or doctor's office, you can make your healing process as successful as possible by following this advice. Read any instructions given to you by the hospital and ask questions about those that you do not understand. Several studies have shown that instructional material is often not read or incompletely understood. If you are placed in a splint, do not remove it until you are told to do so. Take the pain medicine as recommended. Often, a hand injury will throb all night, keeping you awake. Keep the hand elevated as much as possible. This will reduce pain and decrease swelling. Keep your follow-up appointments and take all medicines as directed.


Question: How can you treat a broken hand through self-care at home?

Answer: Generally, any hand injury -- except for the most minor one -- should be seen by a doctor. Simple first aid, however, can help prevent further injury. Control any bleeding by placing a clean cloth or gauze pad over the wound. As soon as the injury has occurred, apply ice to the injured area to decrease pain and reduce swelling. Remove any jewelry immediately. The hand may swell dramatically, and jewelry will be almost impossible to remove after the swelling has started. Contact your doctor, who will often refer you to an emergency department for diagnosis and treatment. If the hand is obviously deformed, try to support the injured hand by placing it on a pillow and carrying the pillow with you to the hospital or doctor's office. Take acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) as directed on the label for pain.


Question: What are synonyms and keywords for a broken hand?

Answer: fractured hand, hand injury, broken hand


Question: What is the most common cause of a broken hand?

Answer: The hand is composed of 27 bones, including those in the wrist. Broken bones most commonly result from a direct blow to the hand or a fall onto the hand. Common injuries include fractures of the fingertip, or of the pinkie side of the palm, or of the thumb.


Question: How can you prevent a broken hand?

Answer: Practice household safety measures, especially with small children, to decrease the chances of all injuries, including those to the hands. Get timely medical evaluation and treatment to prevent the long-term disability of a hand injury. Avoid using your hands to punch, hit, or pound any objects in anger. Many injuries to the hands are self-inflicted in this manner.


Question: What are the terms that doctors use to describe bones in the hand?

Answer: When doctors describe the bones in the hand, they use several terms. Carpals are the 8 bones in the wrist. They are not actually part of the hand but are vital for its function. Metacarpals are the 5 bones that form the palm of the hand. Phalanges are the 14 small bones that, when strung together, form the thumb and fingers. The thumb has 2 phalanges. The other 4 fingers are made of 3 phalanges each. The knuckles of the hand are referred to as the MCP joint, which stands for metacarpal-phalangeal joint (because the fingers, composed of phalanges, join the palm, made of metacarpals). The joints in the fingers are called the PIP and DIP joints. The PIP joint is the proximal interphalangeal joint and is the joint closest to the palm. The DIP joint is the distal interphalangeal joint and is the joint closest to the fingertip. The fingers are called the thumb, index finger, middle (or long) finger, ring finger, and pinky (or small) finger. The handedness (right or left) of the person is called the dominance of the hand. If you are left-handed, then you are left-hand dominant.


Question: What medical treatment is there for a broken hand?

Answer: Because of the complexity of the hand, treatment of hand injuries can become involved. The procedure is usually as follows: The doctor will usually obtain an X-ray. Your hand may be partially numbed by injecting the nerves at the wrist or at the base of a finger. Wounds will be carefully irrigated and explored. Any cuts usually will be closed carefully (whether with stitches or other means). You may be given antibiotics to keep the wound from becoming infected. The injured part will be immobilized in a splint to hold it in a particular position. You may be referred to a hand specialist (orthopedic or plastic surgeon). You may receive pain medicine to use for several days after the injury.


Question: How can you prevent a broken hand while playing sports?

Answer: Use appropriate safety equipment while playing sports to prevent or limit the extent of fractures. Hand and wrist guards are appropriate when playing certain sports (rollerblading, lacrosse, hockey). Sports that involve a ball (football, basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball) are more likely to cause hand injuries. Take special care when playing these games.


Question: What are symptoms of a broken hand?

Answer: Most injuries of the hand are fairly obvious. The symptoms may include the following: A history of injury Swelling Bruising Pain Misalignment of the fingers Weakness Inability to grasp Reduced range of motion of fingers Your hands are central to being able to function, and you should be certain that no permanent damage has been done.


Question: What causes a broken hand?

Answer: The most common causes of hand injuries include workplace injuries, improper use of tools, crush injuries, falls, and sports injuries. The vast majority of injuries can be prevented.


Question: When should you seek medical care for a broken hand?

Answer: The symptoms may include the following: A history of injury Swelling Bruising Pain Misalignment of the fingers Weakness Inability to grasp Reduced range of motion of fingers Your hands are central to being able to function, and you should be certain that no permanent damage has been done. Because your hands are so important, a doctor should see any hand injury, except the most minor. Contact your doctor, who may refer you to the emergency department for diagnosis and treatment.


Question: How can you prevent a broken hand while working?

Answer: The vast majority of injuries can be prevented. To prevent hand injuries on the job: Look for hand hazards before an accident can happen. Don't use your hands to wipe away debris in a machine, use a brush that is designed for that purpose. Check your equipment and machinery before you start and after you finish. Be sure that it is in good operating condition. Before you repair or clean machinery, be sure that the power is disconnected and follow all safety procedures. Do not wear gloves, jewelry, or loose clothing when working near a machine with moving parts. Wear the correct protective equipment-gloves, guards, forearm cuffs-for the work you are doing. Be sure your gloves fit properly and are meant for the work you are doing.


Question: When should I get medical help for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer: PID can cause serious problems if it's not treated. For example, you might have trouble getting pregnant or have pain in your pelvic area that doesn't go away. In some cases, PID can bring on more intense symptoms, and you'll need to go to the emergency room. Get medical help right away if you have: Severe pain in your lower belly Signs of shock, like fainting Vomiting Fever higher than 101 F Some of these also can be signs of other serious medical conditions, like appendicitis or an ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that happens in a fallopian tube outside the womb). You would need medical help right away for these as well.


Question: What are the signs of an sexually transmitted infection (STI) relative to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer: Treating an STI right away can help keep you from getting PID. Symptoms of STI are a lot like those of PID. They include heavy discharge from your vagina with an unpleasant odor, pain when you pee, and bleeding between periods. Call your doctor as soon as you notice any of these to lower your chances of PID.


Question: What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, is an infection of the organs of a women's reproductive system. They include the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and cervix. It's usually caused by a sexually transmitted infection ( STI), like chlamydia or gonorrhea, and is treated with antibiotics.


Question: How does pioglitazone (Actos) work?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a âmeglitinide.â Side effects of meglitinides include: Low blood sugar Stomach upset Pioglitazone ( Actos) How it works: Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat. It lowers the amount of sugar the liver releases and makes fat cells more sensitive to insulin's effects. It may take a few weeks for these drugs to lower blood sugar. Your doctor should talk with you about heart risks with this type of drug, which he may call âthiazolidinediones.â Side effects from this type of drug are rare but may include: Higher than normal levels of liver enzymes Liver failure Respiratory infection Headache Fluid retention Repaglinide ( Prandin) How it works: Makes the pancreas release more insulin, but only if your blood sugar levels are too high.


Question: How does empagliflozin (Jardiance) work?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a â SGLT2 inhibitor.â Empagliflozin ( Jardiance) How it works: Boosts how much glucose leaves your body in urine, and blocks your kidney from reabsorbing glucose. Your doctor may call this type of drug a â SGLT2 inhibitor.â Glimepiride ( Amaryl) How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin.


Question: How does canagliflozin (Invokana) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Canagliflozin ( Invokana) How it works: Boosts how much glucose leaves your body in urine, and blocks your kidney from reabsorbing glucose. Your doctor may call this type of drug a â SGLT2 inhibitor.â Side effects can include: Vaginal yeast infections Urinary tract infections Dizziness, fainting Ketoacidosis or ketosis Increased risk of bone fracture Decreased bone mineral density Chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin.


Question: How does nateglinide (Starlix) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Nateglinide ( Starlix) How it works: Makes the pancreas release more insulin, but only if your blood sugar levels are too high. Your doctor may call this type of drug a âmeglitinide.â Side effects of meglitinides include: Low blood sugar Stomach upset Pioglitazone ( Actos) How it works: Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat.


Question: What are the side effects of glimepiride (Amaryl)?

Answer: Side effects of this kind of drug include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Tolbutamide How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin.


Question: What are the side effects of canagliflozin (Inovkana)?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a â SGLT2 inhibitor.â Side effects can include: Vaginal yeast infections Urinary tract infections Dizziness, fainting Ketoacidosis or ketosis Increased risk of bone fracture Decreased bone mineral density Chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin.


Question: How does tolazamide work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Tolazamide How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin. Your doctor may call this type of drug âsulfonylureas.â This drug is not used as often as newer sulfonylureas. Side effects of this kind of drug include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Tolbutamide How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin. Your doctor may call this type of drug âsulfonylureas.â This drug is not used as often as newer sulfonylureas.


Question: How do you take inhaled insulin (Afrezza) to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug âsulfonylureas.â Side effects of sulfonylureas include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Inhaled Insulin ( Afrezza) How you take it: You put a cartridge, which contains a dose of this powdered, rapid-acting insulin, into an inhaler, and you use it before meals or soon after you start to eat.


Question: How does chlorpropamide (Diabinese) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Tolazamide How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin. Your doctor may call this type of drug âsulfonylureas.â This drug is not used as often as newer sulfonylureas. Side effects of this kind of drug include: Low blood sugar Upset stomach Skin rash or itching Weight gain Tolbutamide How it works: Lowers blood sugar by prompting the pancreas to release more insulin. Your doctor may call this type of drug âsulfonylureas.â This drug is not used as often as newer sulfonylureas.


Question: Besides injections, how else can you take medicines for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: But there are others that you take as a pill or that you inhale. Your doctor will consider exactly what you need, which may include more than one type of diabetes medicine. The goal is to get your best blood sugar control, and the oral drugs do that in several ways.


Question: How does bromocriptine mesylate (Cycloset, Parlodel) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Bromocriptine mesylate ( Cycloset, Parlodel) How it works: This tablet raises the level of dopamine, a brain chemical. It's approved help improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes, along with diet and exercise. It's not used to treat type 1 diabetes.


Question: How does inhaled insulin (Afrezza) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: How it works: The insulin quickly moves from lung cells into the bloodstream. It doesn't replace long-acting insulin (which you can't inhale). You should not use it if you have a long-term lung disease, such as asthma or COPD, or if you smoke. It's not recommended for treating diabetic ketoacidosis.


Question: How does rosiglitazone (Avandia) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Your doctor may call this type of drug a âmeglitinide.â Side effects of this type of drug include: Low blood sugar Stomach upset Rosiglitazone ( Avandia) How it works: Helps insulin work better in muscle and fat. It lowers the amount of sugar the liver releases and makes fat cells more sensitive to insulin's effects. It may take a few weeks for this kind of drug to lower blood sugar. Your doctor should talk with you about heart risks with this type of drug, which he may call âthiazolidinediones.â Side effects for thiazolidinediones are rare but may include: Higher than normal levels of liver enzymes Liver failure Respiratory infection Headache Fluid retention Saxagliptin ( Onglyza) How it works: Boosts insulin levels when blood sugars are too high, and tells the liver to cut back on making sugars.


Question: How does acarbose (Precose) work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Acarbose ( Precose) How it works: Blocks enzymes that help digest starches, slowing the rise in blood sugar. It belongs to a group of drugs called âalpha-glucosidase inhibitors.â Side effects for these kinds of drugs include stomach upset (gas, diarrhea, nausea, cramps).


Question: How do you identify asthma triggers?

Answer: Your doctor may also do blood testing or ask you to use a device called a peak flow meter. It measures how much air you exhale and how quickly it comes out. It can alert you to changes in your breathing and the onset of asthma symptoms.


Question: Can allergies trigger asthma?

Answer: Eighty percent of people with asthma have allergies to things in the air, like tree, grass, and weed pollens, mold, animal dander, dust mites, and cockroach droppings. In one study, children with high levels of cockroach poop in their homes were four times more likely to have childhood asthma than children with low levels.


Question: What causes mental illness in children?

Answer: Children's symptoms vary depending on the type of mental illness, but some of the general symptoms include: Changes in school performance, such as poor grades despite good efforts Abuse of drugs and/or alcohol Inability to cope with daily problems and activities Changes in sleeping and/or eating habits Excessive complaints of physical ailments Defying authority, skipping school, stealing, or damaging property Intense fear of gaining weight Long-lasting negative moods, often accompanied by poor appetite and thoughts of death Frequent outbursts of anger Loss of interest in friends and activities they usually enjoy Significant increase in time spent alone Excessive worrying or anxiety Hyperactivity Persistent nightmares or night terrors Persistent disobedience or aggressive behavior Frequent temper tantrums Hearing voices or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations) The exact cause of most mental illnesses is not known, but research suggests that a combination of factors, including heredity, biology, psychological trauma, and environmental stress, may be involved.


Question: What will my child with ADHD learn in a social skills group or program?

Answer: The children in these sessions do special activities, like role-playing, to learn how to: Greet other kids Start and hold a conversation Take turns when playing Ask for help when they need it Many schools have these groups.


Question: Are there groups or programs dedicated to social skills that can help my child with ADHD?

Answer: A school psychologist or speech therapist usually leads them. They're also small. Typically, there aren't more than eight kids in a group. The children in these sessions do special activities, like role-playing, to learn how to: Greet other kids Start and hold a conversation Take turns when playing Ask for help when they need it Many schools have these groups. There are also privately run programs.


Question: What can I tell my child with ADHD before an event to ease nervousness?

Answer: Talk with your child about what to do if she gets teased or picked on.


Question: How can hobbies help my child with ADHD in their social life?

Answer: Look for hobbies that center around your child's interests. It can be things like art, video games, sports, or whatever. Instead of signing up for what you think is best, let your child help you decide. Look for programs that have kids with ADHD in mind.


Question: What drugs can be used to treat symptoms of tardive dyskinesia?

Answer: There are two FDA-approved medicines to treat tardive dyskinesia: Valbenazine ( Ingrezza) Deutetrabenazine ( Austedo) Both of these medicines work in similar ways to regulate the amount of dopamine flow in brain areas that control certain kinds of movements.


Question: What natural remedies can be used to treat tardive dyskinesia?

Answer: Your doctor can take you off the medicine that caused the movements, or lower the dose.


Question: Who is more likely to get tardive dyskinesia?

Answer: These include: Metoclopramide ( Reglan) Prochlorperazine ( Compazine) You're more likely to get it if you: Are a woman who has gone through menopause Are over age 55 Abuse alcohol or drugs Are African- American or Asian- American TD can be hard to diagnose.


Question: What older antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia?

Answer: Antipsychotic medications that can cause tardive dyskinesia include older antipsychotics like: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Your chances of getting TD go up the longer you take an antipsychotic medicine.


Question: What does tardive dyskinesia  cause?

Answer: TD causes stiff, jerky movements of your face and body that you can't control. You might blink your eyes, stick out your tongue, or wave your arms without meaning to do so.


Question: What drugs that treat nausea can cause tardive dyskinesia?

Answer: Some drugs that treat nausea, reflux, and other stomach problems can also cause TD if you take them for more than 3 months. These include: Metoclopramide ( Reglan) Prochlorperazine ( Compazine) You're more likely to get it if you: Are a woman who has gone through menopause Are over age 55 Abuse alcohol or drugs Are African- American or Asian- American TD can be hard to diagnose.


Question: How is tardive dyskinesia diagnosed?

Answer: These include: Metoclopramide ( Reglan) Prochlorperazine ( Compazine) You're more likely to get it if you: Are a woman who has gone through menopause Are over age 55 Abuse alcohol or drugs Are African- American or Asian- American TD can be hard to diagnose. Symptoms might not appear until months or years after you start taking antipsychotic medicine. Or you might first notice the movements after you've already stopped taking the drug. The timing can make it hard to know whether the medicine caused your symptoms.


Question: How can your chances of getting tardive dyskinesia increase?

Answer: Antipsychotic medications that can cause tardive dyskinesia include older antipsychotics like: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) Your chances of getting TD go up the longer you take an antipsychotic medicine.


Question: What medications are used to treat vertigo?

Answer: In some cases, medication may be given to relieve symptoms such as nausea or motion sickness associated with vertigo. If vertigo is caused by an infection or inflammation, antibiotics or steroids may reduce swelling and cure infection. For Meniere's disease, diuretics (water pills) may be prescribed to reduce pressure from fluid buildup.


Question: How do you know if your vertigo is caused by vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis?

Answer: This is an inner ear problem usually related to infection (usually viral). The infection causes inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping the body sense balance Less often vertigo may be associated with: Head or neck injury Brain problems such as stroke or tumor Certain medications that cause ear damage Migraine headaches Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head.


Question: How is vertigo treated by canalith repositioning maneuvers?

Answer: Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology recommend a series of specific head and body movements for BPPV. The movements are done to move the calcium deposits out of the canal into an inner ear chamber so they can be absorbed by the body. You will likely have vertigo symptoms during the procedure as the canaliths move. A doctor or physical therapist can guide you through the movements.


Question: How do you know if your vertigo is caused by Meniere's disease?

Answer: This is an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and changing pressure in the ear. It can cause episodes of vertigo along with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and hearing loss.


Question: What is vertigo associated with?

Answer: The infection causes inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping the body sense balance Less often vertigo may be associated with: Head or neck injury Brain problems such as stroke or tumor Certain medications that cause ear damage Migraine headaches Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head.


Question: How is surgery used to treat vertigo?

Answer: In a few cases, surgery may be needed for vertigo. If vertigo is caused by a more serious underlying problem, such as a tumor or injury to the brain or neck, treatment for those problems may help to alleviate the vertigo.


Question: What happens when you get ureteroscopy to treat kidney stones?

Answer: Your doctor inserts a thin, flexible scope through your urethra, bladder and then into your ureter to reach the stone. If the stone is small, she can use a basket to remove it. If the stone is larger, a laser passed through the scope can break it up.


Question: What types of prescription drugs can help with kidney stones?

Answer: Prescription drugs can help: Calcium channel blockers and alpha-blockers: These relax your ureter, the tube through which pee passes from your kidney to your bladder. A wider ureter will help the stone move more quickly. Potassium citrate or sodium citrate: Can help keep kidney stones created by uric acid from forming.


Question: What are percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy to help treat kidney stones?

Answer: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. These similar surgical procedures are options if your stone is large or if other procedures fail to break them down enough. Your doctor uses a thin tube inserted through your skin to reach the stone and them removes (nephrolithotomy) or breaks (nephrolithotripsy) it. You will be given drugs so you won't be awake or feel pain. You'll likely have to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days.


Question: What is open surgery for kidney stones?

Answer: Open surgery: This might be an option if your stone is very oversized or your doctor can't take it out with other treatments. You'll be sedated and not awake. Your surgeon cuts through your side to reach the kidney, then takes the stone out through the opening. You may need to stay in the hospital for a few days. It can take 4-6 weeks for you to fully recover. Your surgeon usually will ask a lab to identify the type of stone, so you might be able to take meds to avoid them in the future.


Question: What is an exercise stress test?

Answer: Also called an exercise electrocardiogram, treadmill test, graded exercise test, or stress ECG, an exercise stress test can tell your doctor how well your heart handles physical activity. You typically walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike while your doctor watches your heart rate and blood pressure.


Question: What should I ask the doctor before a stress test if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you take insulin to control your blood sugar, ask your doctor how much medication you should take the day of the test and if you should eat a light meal.


Question: What happens when you get an exercise stress test?

Answer: You'll walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bicycle and be asked to gradually go faster or work harder. You'll do this until you reach a target heart rate, feel exhausted, or start having symptoms of heart issues. The lab technician will regularly ask how you're feeling. You should tell them if you feel pain or discomfort in your chest, arm, or jaw, are short of breath, dizzy, or lightheaded, or notice anything else unusual.


Question: What happens after an exercise stress test?

Answer: After the test, you'll walk or pedal slowly for a couple of minutes to cool down. The technician will watch your heart rate, blood pressure, and EKG until they return to normal.


Question: Why do I need a stress test?

Answer: Your doctor uses this test to: See if your heart gets enough blood when you're physically active See how likely you are to have coronary heart disease Check for abnormal heart rhythms Find out how well your heart medications are working or see if any procedures you've had done have improved the blood flow in your heart vessels Help figure out a safe exercise program for you Your doctor will give you specific instructions on what to do before your stress test.


Question: What is a stress echocardiogram?

Answer: Stress echocardiogram: An echocardiogram (often called an "echo") is a graphic outline of your heart's movement. A stress echo can show the motion of your heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed. It can show a lack of blood flow that other heart tests can't.


Question: Do some patients go into remission from rheumatoid arthritis after using combination therapy?

Answer: Some people go into remission, which means they don't have any joint pain, swelling, or other RA symptoms. The goal of treatment is to relieve your symptoms as much as possible without side effects from your medicine.


Question: Can I take more than one medication to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Taking more than one medication can't reverse joint damage that you already have, and it isn't a cure. But it can prevent further damage and help you avoid other health problems that can come with rheumatoid arthritis, like heart attack and stroke.


Question: What should I expect during combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Combination therapy can mean less joint pain, morning stiffness, and inflammation. It can also help slow or stop your RA from getting worse. You might be able to have a more active life.


Question: What is the outlook for children with Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe some of these: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) Antipsychotic drugs Stimulant medicines With the right treatment, your child can learn to control some of the social and communication challenges he faces. He can do well in school and go on to succeed in life.


Question: What medicines are used to treat Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: There aren't any drugs approved by the FDA that specifically treat Asperger's or autism spectrum disorders. Some medications, though, can help with related symptoms like depression and anxiety. Your doctor may prescribe some of these: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) Antipsychotic drugs Stimulant medicines With the right treatment, your child can learn to control some of the social and communication challenges he faces.


Question: What is it like for your child to have Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: If your child has the condition, he may talk about himself most of the time and zero in with a lot of intensity on a single subject, like rocks or football stats. And he might repeat himself a lot, especially on a topic that he's interested in. He might also do the same movements over and over. He also may dislike change. For instance, he may eat the same food for breakfast every day or have trouble moving from one class to another during the school day.


Question: How can applied behavior analysis help with Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: It's a technique that encourages positive social and communication skills in your child -- and discourages behavior you'd rather not see. The therapist will use praise or other "positive reinforcement" to get results.


Question: How can cognitive behavioral therapy help treat Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: It helps your child change his way of thinking, so he can better control his emotions and repetitive behaviors. He'll be able to get a handle on things like outbursts, meltdowns, and obsessions.


Question: How can social skills training help treat Asperger's syndrome?

Answer: In groups or one-on-one sessions, therapists teach your child how to interact with others and express themselves in more appropriate ways. Social skills are often best learned by modeling after typical behavior.


Question: Should I stay away from people who are sick?

Answer: If possible, stay away from people who have a cold or the flu. If you can't -- because you're caring for a sick family member, for instance -- step up your hand-washing routine and your attention to other defenses against germs.