Question: Does having diabetes increase my risk of heart disease?

Answer: Diabetes complications include: Heart disease Stroke Kidney disease Nerve damage Eye damage Digestion problems Erectile dysfunction Skin problems Infection Dental problems Heart disease is one of the most common diabetes complications. In office visits, your doctor may perform various tests to check for heart disease and help you prevent any serious heart-related problems. At every visit, your health care provider will check your blood pressure. Your cholesterol level and triglycerides may be checked at your first visit. A baseline EKG should also be obtained as part of a complete medical record. Learn more about personal risk factors you have for heart disease, such as a family history or whether you smoke, and work out a prevention plan that includes weight loss, regular exercise, and stress management, as well as keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides at normal levels.


Question: How often should I have my eyes checked for diabetic retinopathy if I have diabetes?

Answer: To protect your vision, all people with diabetes should see an ophthalmologist (an eye doctor) at least yearly. As part of the eye exam the doctor will dilate your eyes so that he or she can see the back of the eye (retina) and determine if the diabetes is causing damage. In people with type 1 diabetes, these annual exams should start within three to five years of diabetes once the patient is age 10 or older. People with type 2 diabetes should have their first eye exam once they are diagnosed. Those with eye complications may need to see their ophthalmologist more frequently.


Question: How can I prevent my diabetes from causing skin problems?

Answer: As many as a third of people with diabetes will have a skin condition related to their disease at some time in their lives. High levels of glucose in the blood provide an excellent breeding ground for bacteria and fungi and can reduce the body's ability to heal itself. Fortunately, most skin conditions can be prevented and successfully treated if caught early. If your skin is not cared for properly with type 2 diabetes, a minor skin condition can turn into a serious problem with potentially severe consequences.


Question: What signs and symptoms of stroke should I be aware of if I have diabetes?

Answer: Signs and symptoms of stroke include sudden weakness on one side of the face or body; numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking; trouble seeing with both eyes; or dizziness. If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor immediately. You may be referred to a neurologist or other stroke specialist.


Question: How can I prevent my diabetes from causing erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Diabetes increases the chance of developing erectile dysfunction, or impotence. For some men, adopting a healthier lifestyle, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and reducing stress, may be all that is needed to resolve erectile dysfunction. In this health topic, you'll also learn why it's important to talk to your health care provider about your erectile dysfunction, as your doctor can recommend other remedies -- including medications, a vacuum constriction device ( VCD), and other erectile dysfunction aids -- that can help.


Question: What are causes of extra ear hair?

Answer: There's also a condition known as hypertrichosis, where hair grows all over your body. Some cases are genetic, but most aren't. Other causes include: â¢ Certain medications â¢ Disorders of your metabolic or endocrine system â¢ Poor nutrition â¢ Abnormal growths in your ovaries or adrenal glands â¢ Infectious or inflammatory skin conditions Genetic hypertrichosis usually happens along with another condition, like epilepsy, intellectual disability, or body malformations.


Question: Is it safe to remove my extra ear hair?

Answer: Hairy ears won't cause any serious health problems, but if you don't like the way it looks or feels, you can remove it.


Question: Do men pass down the genetic to have extra ear hair?

Answer: Doctors don't know exactly why some people have so much. For many years, researchers thought it was a trait men passed down genetically, through their Y chromosome. More recent studies say that isn't true.


Question: What are symptoms of black hairy tongue?

Answer: Other than the appearance of the tongue, most people with black hairy tongue don't have any symptoms or feel any discomfort. The exception is when there is too much growth of the yeast Candida albicans, which can cause a burning sensation on the tongue. This burning sensation is called glossopyrosis. Some people complain of a tickling feeling in the back of the roof of the mouth, a metallic taste in their mouth, or nausea. In more severe cases, the condition may lead to a gagging feeling. Sometimes, food getting caught inside the extra-long papillae can cause bad breath.


Question: What can cause black hairy tongue?

Answer: Black hairy tongue is caused by bacteria or fungi in the mouth, which make the tongue appear black and hairy. It's easily remedied by good old-fashioned oral hygiene.


Question: Who's most likely to get balck hairy tongue?

Answer: They include: poor oral hygiene smoking tobacco drinking a lot of coffee or tea using antibiotics (which may disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the mouth) being dehydrated taking medications that contain the chemical bismuth (such as Pepto- Bismol for upset stomach) not producing enough saliva regularly using mouthwash that contains peroxide, witch hazel, or menthol getting radiation therapy to the head and neck Black hairy tongue is more common in men, people who use intravenous drugs, and those who are HIV-positive.


Question: When should you call your doctor or dentist about black hairy tongue?

Answer: Call your doctor or dentist if the problem doesn't get better on its own. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or an antifungal drug to get rid of the bacteria or yeast. Topical medications, such as tretinoin ( Retin- A), are also sometimes prescribed. As a last resort, if the problem doesn't improve, the papillae can be surgically clipped off with a laser or electrosurgery.


Question: How do you get black hairy tongue?

Answer: Black hairy tongue is caused by bacteria or fungi in the mouth, which make the tongue appear black and hairy. They include: poor oral hygiene smoking tobacco drinking a lot of coffee or tea using antibiotics (which may disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the mouth) being dehydrated taking medications that contain the chemical bismuth (such as Pepto- Bismol for upset stomach) not producing enough saliva regularly using mouthwash that contains peroxide, witch hazel, or menthol getting radiation therapy to the head and neck Black hairy tongue is more common in men, people who use intravenous drugs, and those who are HIV-positive.


Question: How does black hairy tongue happen?

Answer: Black hairy tongue is caused by bacteria or fungi in the mouth, which make the tongue appear black and hairy. The bacteria build up on tiny rounded projections called papillae. These lie along the surface of the tongue. Instead of shedding as they normally do, the papillae start to grow and lengthen, creating hair-like projections. They can grow to 15 times their normal length.


Question: What causes canal dehiscence syndrome?

Answer: A few things can cause SSCD, including: A gene passed down from your parents that kept the bone in that area from growing thick enough An infectious disease Some form of trauma that damaged the bone You can get SSCD in either ear. Some people have it in both. When that's the case, one ear typically causes more symptoms than the other.


Question: What is canal dehiscence syndrome?

Answer: This disorder, also called superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome ( SSCD), affects your balance and hearing. " Dehiscence" is another word for hole. If you have SSCD, you have a hole or a very thin place in the bone in your ear that helps your body balance itself. It also can cause problems with the way sound comes into your ear. People usually discover they have it in their 40s.


Question: What are treatments for canal dehiscence syndrome?

Answer: This disorder, also called superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome ( SSCD), affects your balance and hearing. " If you have SSCD, you have a hole or a very thin place in the bone in your ear that helps your body balance itself. If your symptoms are minor, you may be able to simply avoid triggers, such as loud noises or altitude changes. If you have hearing loss as a result of your SSCD, your doctor may suggest hearing aids. If some symptoms are severe - like oscillopsia, balance issues, or autophony -- your doctor may suggest surgery. The most common surgery used to treat SSCD is called middle cranial fossa approach. A doctor takes some of your tissue or a small piece of bone from your skull and plugs the hole.


Question: What are symptoms of canal dehiscence syndrome?

Answer: This disorder, also called superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome ( SSCD), affects your balance and hearing. " When you have SSCD, you might have one or more of the following: Echoes of sounds in your ear, like when you eat or talk (called autophony) Fullness in your ears Hearing loss Internal noises, like your heartbeat, that are louder than normal Quick side to side or up and down movements of your eyes (called nystagmus) Ringing in your ears Sound of your pulse in your ears Unsteadiness Vertigo or dizziness These symptoms can be triggered when you: Cough or sneeze Feel pressure changes Hear loud sounds Lift heavy objects Strain SSCD also can cause a condition that makes your brain think objects are moving when they're actually sitting still.


Question: How should you clean the wound for cuts on children?

Answer: Your child is bleeding heavily. Clean the area around the wound with mild soap and water.


Question: How is a fecal elastase test used to diagnose EPI?

Answer: The lab will check it for an enzyme your pancreas makes to help your body digest protein, called elastase. If you have EPI, the amount might be less concentrated than normal. 3-day fecal test. You'll need to collect samples of your stool in special containers for about 3 days and give them to your doctor.


Question: How is blood work used to diagnose EPI?

Answer: Your doctor will take a sample of your blood and send it to a lab to check it for anemia, a condition in which your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. The lab will also test your blood for vitamin B12, iron, and folate. If the levels are too low, that can mean EPI is keeping your body from absorbing these nutrients. The lab might also look for a chemical your pancreas makes to help with digestion called trypsinogen. A level that's too high is a sign of a problem.


Question: How does a CT scan help dianose EPI?

Answer: It takes special X-rays that show your tissues and blood vessels, along with your bones. You'll lie on a padded table that slides you up so the machine is over your upper tummy. The doctor may take one set of images and then ask you to drink a kind of dye (they'll call it contrast) to get a better picture of the area. Tell your doctor if you've had a bad reaction to the dye in the past or if you're allergic to shellfish, like shrimp, crab, lobster, oysters, scallops, clams, or mussels. A basic scan takes about 10-15 minutes, but if you need contrast, you'll be there longer.


Question: How deos endscopic  ultrasound help diagnose EPI?

Answer: In a hospital, doctors will put a thin tube in your mouth, down through your stomach, and into the first part of your small intestine. At the tip is an ultrasound probe that gives off sound waves. They help make a picture of the inside of your body, which doctors can see on a screen. You might be asleep or awake for the test, but you'll get medicine to make you more comfortable. The test usually takes 20 to 45 minutes, and you won't need to stay in the hospital overnight. During this test, your doctor can also take a small piece of your tissue to study under a microscope -- if he needs one. You won't have to stay overnight in the hospital.


Question: What is a 3-day fecal test?

Answer: The lab will also test your blood for vitamin B12, iron, and folate. You'll give your doctor a solid stool sample.


Question: How can MRI and MRCP help diagnose EPI?

Answer: You'll lie on a padded table that slides you up so the machine is over your upper tummy. MRI and MRCP. You'll be awake for it, but if you get anxious in small, tight spaces, the doctor might give you a drug to help you relax. You won't have to stay overnight in the hospital. An MRCP is a special kind of MRI that focuses on your bile ducts and ducts in your pancreas. The MRI takes about 35 minutes. The MRCP takes about 10 minutes.


Question: How can you feel better from menstrual cramps?

Answer: You should also: Rest when needed. Avoid foods that contain caffeine and salt. Not use tobacco or drink alcohol Massage your lower back and abdomen.


Question: What are the symptoms of menstrual cramps?

Answer: Your doctor may call your cramps âdysmenorrhea.â Chances are, you know all too well how it feels. You may have: Aching pain in your belly (sometimes severe) Feeling of pressure in your belly Pain in the hips, lower back, and inner thighs When cramps are severe, symptoms may include: Upset stomach, sometimes with vomiting Loose stools Menstrual cramps happen because of contractions in the uterus, or womb, which is a muscle.


Question: What medications can you take to treat menstrual cramps?

Answer: If these steps do not relieve pain, tell your doctor, in case you need medicines such as: Ibuprofen (higher dose than is available over the counter) or other prescription pain relievers Oral contraceptives ( Women taking birth control pills have less menstrual pain.)


Question: What causes menstrual cramps?

Answer: You may have: Aching pain in your belly (sometimes severe) Feeling of pressure in your belly Pain in the hips, lower back, and inner thighs When cramps are severe, symptoms may include: Upset stomach, sometimes with vomiting Loose stools Menstrual cramps happen because of contractions in the uterus, or womb, which is a muscle. If it contracts too strongly during your menstrual cycle, it can press against nearby blood vessels. This briefly cuts off the supply of oxygen to the uterus. It's this lack of oxygen causes your pain and cramping.


Question: When should you call your doctor about menstrual cramps?

Answer: If you have mild menstrual cramps, take aspirin or another pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Several conditions can cause it: Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium) is found outside of the uterus. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and menstrual cycles. You'll get a pelvic exam, in which your doctor will use a tool called a speculum to see into your vagina and cervix. She may take a small sample of vaginal fluid for testing, and use her fingers to check your uterus and ovaries for anything that doesn't feel normal. If it turns out that your cramps aren't due to your period, you might need other tests to find the right treatment.


Question: What causes secondary dysmenorrhea?

Answer: Primary dysmenorrhea means that your cramps are due to your cycle. Several conditions can cause it: Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium) is found outside of the uterus. Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) is an infection caused by bacteria that starts in the uterus and can spread to other reproductive organs. Stenosis (narrowing) of the cervix , which is the lower part of the uterus, can be caused by scarring, as well as a lack of estrogen after menopause. The inner wall of the uterus may have fibroids (growths). If it turns out that your cramps aren't due to your period, you might need other tests to find the right treatment.


Question: What you can do to help with menstrual cramps?

Answer: If you have mild menstrual cramps, take aspirin or another pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Heat can also help. Place a heating pad or hot water bottle on your lower back or tummy. Taking a warm bath may also provide some relief. If you have severe or unusual menstrual cramps, or cramping that lasts for more than 2 or 3 days, tell your doctor.


Question: How is psychotic depression different from major or clinical nonpsychotic depression?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a person who is psychotic is out of touch with reality. People with psychosis may hear "voices." Or they may have strange and illogical ideas. For example, they may think that others can hear their thoughts or are trying to harm them. Or they might think they are possessed by the devil or are wanted by the police for having committed a crime that they really did not commit. People with psychotic depression may get angry for no apparent reason. Or they may spend a lot of time by themselves or in bed, sleeping during the day and staying awake at night. A person with psychotic depression may neglect appearance by not bathing or changing clothes. Or that person may be hard to talk to. Perhaps he or she barely talks or else says things that make no sense. People with other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, also experience psychosis. But those with psychotic depression usually have delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with themes about depression (such as worthlessness or failure), whereas psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia are more often bizarre or implausible and have no obvious connection to a mood state (for example, thinking strangers are following them for no reason other than to harass them). People with psychotic depression also may be humiliated or ashamed of the thoughts and try to hide them. Doing so makes this type of depression very difficult to diagnose.


Question: What is psychotic depression?

Answer: The psychosis could be hallucinations (such as hearing a voice telling you that you are no good or worthless), delusions (such as, intense feelings of worthlessness, failure, or having committed a sin) or some other break with reality. Psychotic depression affects roughly one out of every four people admitted to the hospital for depression. Also, having one episode of psychotic depression increases the chance of bipolar disorder with recurring episodes of psychotic depression, mania, and even suicide.


Question: Does treatment for psychotic depression always work?

Answer: Its treatment is different than for nonpsychotic depression. People are able to recover, usually within several months. But continual medical follow-up may be necessary. If the medications do not work to end the psychosis and depression, sometimes electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is used. It's important for the patient to work with the doctor to find the most effective drugs with the least side effects. Because psychotic depression is quite serious, the risk of suicide is also great.


Question: What are the symptoms of swimmer's ear?

Answer: You may notice things like: Itchy feeling inside your ear Pain in the ear, which can be severe Your ear hurts when you move your head or gently pull on your earlobe Tender inside your ear Fluid drains out of the ear A bad-smelling, yellowish discharge from the ear You don't hear as well (things sound muffled) Always check with your doctor if you see any signs of an ear infection.


Question: When should you call your doctor about swimmer's ear?

Answer: You may notice things like: Itchy feeling inside your ear Pain in the ear, which can be severe Your ear hurts when you move your head or gently pull on your earlobe Tender inside your ear Fluid drains out of the ear A bad-smelling, yellowish discharge from the ear You don't hear as well (things sound muffled) Always check with your doctor if you see any signs of an ear infection. Also, call him if you feel dizzy or have ringing in your ears, which means you may have a more serious problem that needs to get checked out by a doctor. Also call your doctor if you have: Severe pain. You may have seborrheic dermatitis or herpes zoster (shingles).


Question: When should someone call their doctor about swimmer's ear?

Answer: You may notice things like: Itchy feeling inside your ear Pain in the ear, which can be severe Your ear hurts when you move your head or gently pull on your earlobe Tender inside your ear Fluid drains out of the ear A bad-smelling, yellowish discharge from the ear You don't hear as well (things sound muffled) Always check with your doctor if you see any signs of an ear infection. Also, call him if you feel dizzy or have ringing in your ears, which means you may have a more serious problem that needs to get checked out by a doctor. Also call your doctor if you have: Severe pain. You may have seborrheic dermatitis or herpes zoster (shingles).


Question: What are symptoms of fulminant hepatitis A infection?

Answer: You could have symptoms like: Spontaneous bleeding or easy bruising Confusion and changes in alertness Liver function that gets worse Yellowing of the skin and eyes that gets worse Make an appointment if you have any of the symptoms and you recently: Traveled out of the country, especially if you went to Mexico, South America, Central America, or anywhere without good sanitation Ate at a restaurant that reported a hepatitis A outbreak Found out someone close to you, like a roommate or caregiver, was diagnosed with hepatitis A Had sex with someone who has hepatitis A Ate raw shellfish Used illegal drugs When you see your doctor, he may spot some more signs that you've got the disease.


Question: How long do symptoms of hepatitis A last?

Answer: How long it lasts can vary from person to person. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Some things to keep in mind: Mild hepatitis A may last 1 to 2 weeks. Most people are much better within 3 weeks. Young children who get symptoms usually get better within 2 months. If you have a severe infection, it can cause problems for several months. You may need to stay in the hospital. Some people have symptoms that can last more than 3 months or have problems that come and go for 3 to 9 months.


Question: What are symptoms of hepatitis A?

Answer: The best way to cut your risk of getting sick is to wash your hands: Before you eat After you use the bathroom or handle a dirty diaper You can get the first symptoms anytime between 15 and 50 days after you came in contact with the virus. Most people with hepatitis A usually have sudden: Extreme tiredness Loss of appetite Muscle aches and pains Nausea and vomiting Low-grade fever Several days later, some symptoms of liver problems can show up. It's possible you might not have any symptoms. Most children under age 6 with hep A don't have any.


Question: What are baby talk milestones?

Answer: Before babies learn to talk in a real language -- English, say, or Spanish -- they babble and coo, playing with sound. At 3 months, your baby listens to your voice, watches your face as you talk, and turns toward other voices, sounds, and music that can be heard around the home. By the end of three months, babies begin "cooing" -- a happy, gentle, repetitive, sing-song vocalization. Baby talk at 6 months. For example, your baby may say "ba-ba" or "da-da." By the end of the sixth or seventh month, babies respond to their own names, recognize their native language, and use their tone of voice to tell you they're happy or upset. After 9 months, babies can understand a few basic words like "no" and "bye-bye." Most babies say a few simple words like "mama" and "dadda" by the end of 12 months -- and now know what they're saying. They respond to -- or at least understand, if not obey -- your short, one-step requests such as, " Please put that down." Baby talk at 18 months. They repeat words or sounds they hear you say, like the last word in a sentence. By age 2, babies string together a few words in short phrases of two to four words, such as " Mommy bye-bye" or "me milk." They're learning that words mean more than objects like "cup" -- they also mean abstract ideas like "mine." By the time your baby is age 3, his or her vocabulary expands rapidly, and "make-believe" play spurs an understanding of symbolic and abstract language like "now," feelings like "sad," and spatial concepts like "in."


Question: What is the meaning of baby talk?

Answer: Before babies learn to talk in a real language -- English, say, or Spanish -- they babble and coo, playing with sound. That's baby talk, and baby talk sounds similar the world over. Critical milestones for a baby learning to talk happen in the first three years of life, when a baby's brain is rapidly developing. During that time, your baby's speech development depends on your "baby talk" skills as well as your baby's.


Question: What can I do to help my baby talk?

Answer: By the end of the sixth or seventh month, babies respond to their own names, recognize their native language, and use their tone of voice to tell you they're happy or upset. Babies understand what you're saying long before they can clearly speak. You can help your baby learn to talk if you: Watch. Smile and applaud even the smallest or most confusing attempts at baby talk. Babies learn the power of speech by the reactions of adults around them. Talk about what you're doing as you wash, dress, feed, and change your baby -- " Let's put on these blue socks now" or " I'm cutting up your chicken for you" -- so your baby connects your speech to these objects and experiences. Encourage children to play, pretend, and imagine out loud to develop verbal skills as they become toddlers. Read aloud. Encourage your baby's first words with your frequent cooing, babbling, talking, and singing.


Question: Should I get comfortable if I have psoriasis?

Answer: As you get ready to do your hair and makeup, think about how you're feeling. For example, if your hips or knees hurt, try sitting down in front of a mirror rather than standing in front of a sink vanity.


Question: Should I give myself time to get ready for the day if I have psoriasis?

Answer: If you're rushing, you're more likely to move in ways that cause more pain. Build in extra time in the morning so you can move at a speed that feels good.


Question: Should I take a warm shower if I have psoriasis?

Answer: Heat boosts blood flow. That can help ease stiff, painful joints. You may feel less sore and more flexible if you shower before starting your day. If you have psoriasis plaques on your skin, don't take a super long or hot shower. That can make skin flare-ups worse.


Question: What kinds of grooming prodcuts should I choose if I have psoriasis?

Answer: If you have trouble applying liquid foundation, think about a switch to powder. You can put it on with a wide-handled makeup brush. Get extra-wide lip-gloss tubes and makeup pencils. Hairbrushes with longer handles can make it easier to reach the back of your head.


Question: What can make getting ready in the morning easier if I have psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: As you get ready to do your hair and makeup, think about how you're feeling. In the shower, use a moisturizing body wash so you don't have apply moisturizer again when you get out of the shower. If you have trouble applying liquid foundation, think about a switch to powder. You can put it on with a wide-handled makeup brush. Get extra-wide lip-gloss tubes and makeup pencils. Hairbrushes with longer handles can make it easier to reach the back of your head.


Question: How do you treat a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: In addition to a sore throat, other common cold symptoms include: Runny nose Sneezing Cough Mild headache Mild body aches Fever Although there is no cure for a sore throat caused by a cold virus, there are ways to help you feel more comfortable. Drinking warm liquids, gargling with warm salt water, sucking on ice chips, or taking an over-the-counter medicine may relieve symptoms of pain or fever.


Question: How is a sore throat from tonsillitis treated?

Answer: Other symptoms with tonsillitis include the following: Bad breath Fever Voice changes because of swelling Painful swallowing Swollen lymph glands in neck If the tonsillitis infection is bacterial like strep throat, then antibiotics are given. If the tonsillitis infection is viral, antibiotics will not help. The virus must run its course for the sore throat to resolve. For either type of throat infection, the following treatment measures may help: Getting plenty of rest Drinking lots of fluid Eating smooth, soothing foods like gelatin, ice cream, shakes, frozen desserts, and soup Avoiding crunchy or spicy foods Using a vaporizer Taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen. Children should not take aspirin. If the tonsillitis infections occur repeatedly, or if the tonsils are interfering with sleep and breathing, the doctor may recommend a tonsillectomy, which is the surgical removal of the tonsils.


Question: How is strep throat different from a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Strep throat is caused by an infection of streptococcus bacteria. Strep throat spreads by having contact with an infected person's saliva or nasal secretions. Although strep throat is more common in children ages 5 to 15, it also occurs in adults. To diagnose strep throat, your doctor can check a rapid strep test or send a throat swab to the lab for a culture. In some cases, he or she may be able to diagnose strep based on your reported symptoms and other signs, such as white spots in the throat area, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.


Question: What is a strep throat test?

Answer: A rapid strep test checks for streptococcus bacteria infection in the throat. The test is painless and takes very little time. The tip of a cotton swab is used to wipe the back of the throat. The swab is then tested right away. If the strep test is positive, you have strep throat. If the strep test is negative, you likely do not have strep throat. However, if there are strong signs of strep throat, your health care provider can do a different throat swab test that is sent to the lab to see if strep bacteria can be grown (cultured) from it. A throat culture takes a couple of days for results.


Question: Can medications relieve symptoms of a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Over-the-counter cold medications may relieve cold and sore throat symptoms. However, the benefits of these drugs are minimal. Some cold medications include: Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen and naproxen, to relieve the aches and pains of a cold and sore throat. ( Aspirin should not be given to children because of its link to Reye's syndrome, a disorder that can cause brain damage and death.) Sore throat sprays and lozenges to soothe your throat and numb the throat pain temporarily. ( Lozenges should not be given to young children.) Decongestant nasal sprays to relieve a sore throat caused by postnasal drip -- nasal drainage that runs down your throat. ( Be sure to stop using nasal decongestant sprays after three days, or you may have an increase in congestion when you stop them.)


Question: Do I need to see my doctor if I think I have strep throat?

Answer: Strep throat symptoms are usually more severe than symptoms of a sore throat with a cold and may include the following: Sudden sore throat Loss of appetite Painful swallowing Red tonsils with white spots Fever The symptoms of a cold and strep throat can be very similar. If you think you have symptoms of strep throat, visit your health care provider. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, and you may be given a strep test.


Question: In addition to a sore throat, what are other cold symptoms?

Answer: In addition to a sore throat, other common cold symptoms include: Runny nose Sneezing Cough Mild headache Mild body aches Fever Although there is no cure for a sore throat caused by a cold virus, there are ways to help you feel more comfortable.


Question: What if my strep throat isn't getting better?

Answer: Do not stop taking your prescribedmedicine unless your health care provider tells you to. Call your health care provider if these symptoms occur: Fever one or two days after feeling better Nausea or vomiting Earache Headache Neck stiffness Skin rash Cough Swollen glands Painful joints Shortness of breath Dark urine, rash, or chest pain (may occur three to four weeks later) Sometimes, a sore throat is caused by tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils.


Question: Are strep throat symptoms different from a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Strep throat symptoms are usually more severe than symptoms of a sore throat with a cold and may include the following: Sudden sore throat Loss of appetite Painful swallowing Red tonsils with white spots Fever The symptoms of a cold and strep throat can be very similar.


Question: What's the difference between a cold, strep throat, and tonsillitis?

Answer: However, a sore throat from a cold often gets better or goes away after the first day or two. Other cold symptoms such as a runny nose and congestion may follow the sore throat. Strep throat, which is an infection due to streptococcus bacteria, is another cause of sore throats and tonsillitis. With strep throat, the sore throat is often more severe and persists. Tonsillitis is a painful inflammation or infection of the tonsils, the tissue masses located at the back of the throat.


Question: Can antibiotics relieve symptoms of a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Antibiotics should not be used to treat a cold virus and sore throat. Antibiotics are effective only against bacteria. They will not work on sore throats associated with colds, which are caused by viruses.


Question: Is strep throat more serious than a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Other cold symptoms such as a runny nose and congestion may follow the sore throat. That's why it's important to get proper medical treatment. With proper treatment, strep throat is usually cured within 10 days.


Question: How are tonsillitis symptoms different from symptoms of a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Other cold symptoms such as a runny nose and congestion may follow the sore throat. In some cases, he or she may be able to diagnose strep based on your reported symptoms and other signs, such as white spots in the throat area, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Other symptoms with tonsillitis include the following: Bad breath Fever Voice changes because of swelling Painful swallowing Swollen lymph glands in neck If the tonsillitis infection is bacterial like strep throat, then antibiotics are given.


Question: What is the treatment for strep throat?

Answer: Strep throat, which is an infection due to streptococcus bacteria, is another cause of sore throats and tonsillitis. Antibiotics should not be used to treat a cold virus and sore throat. Other antibiotics are prescribed for people who are allergic to penicillin. Follow your health care provider's instructions for antibiotic use. Take all of the medication, even if you feel better. You should feel better within a day or two. A person with strep throat should stay home until 24 hours after starting the antibiotic. In addition to a sore throat, a cold usually causes nasal symptoms, such as runny nose or congestion.


Question: Is a sore throat with a cold caused by viruses or bacteria?

Answer: Other cold symptoms such as a runny nose and congestion may follow the sore throat. Sore throats can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Tonsillitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. In addition to a sore throat, a cold usually causes nasal symptoms, such as runny nose or congestion.


Question: How is tonsillitis different from a sore throat with a cold?

Answer: Strep throat is caused by an infection of streptococcus bacteria. Tonsillitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. While the tonsils' job is to help fight infection, the tonsils can also become infected. When they do, the result is tonsillitis and a very painful sore throat.


Question: What are symptoms of stress?

Answer: Stress symptoms vary greatly from one person to the next, but the most universal sign of stress is a feeling of being pressured or overwhelmed. Other symptoms include: Physical complaints (stomachaches, headaches, chest pains, nausea, and diarrhea, and a sensation of numbness or tingling in your hands, arms, and face.) Problems getting along with family members, friends, and teachers. Changes in behavior at home (short temper, unexplained anger, crying for no reason). Regression -- behavior that is not age-appropriate. Dysfunctional sleep patterns, including nightmares, too little sleep, difficulty falling asleep, or even oversleeping. Communication difficulty or personality changes, such as becoming withdrawn or requiring much more attention than usual. Impatience.


Question: What is positive versus negative stress?

Answer: Stress can be positive or negative, depending on the situation. Positive stressors (called eustress) may include an upcoming wedding, the holidays, or pregnancy. On the other hand, negative stress (called distress) results in the full-blown stress response. If continuous, negative stress can lead to loss of productivity, health problems, and exhaustion.


Question: How can chronic stress affect your health?

Answer: Chronic, or long-term, stress often results in high anxiety, insomnia, depression, gastrointestinal problems, and can even lead to dependency on drugs and alcohol (a self-medication solution that makes an already bad problem worse). Some studies show that the hormones associated with chronic stress are linked to increased fat in the abdomen. That, in turn, increases the risk of chronic and serious illness such as diabetes.


Question: How does exercise help stress?

Answer: Many studies show that exercise, along with the boosted endorphin levels, really does increase confidence and self-esteem and reduce tension. Exercise also acts as a displacement defense mechanism for those who are "stressed out." What does that mean? If you've ever walked for several miles, you know how hard it is to think of your problems when your mind is focused on walking. When stress levels increase, it results in an overproduction of stress hormones that weaken the immune system.


Question: When should I seek help for stress?

Answer: Talk it out. Saying "no" can help bring your stress to a manageable level and give you more control over your life.


Question: What causes stress?

Answer: We all live with it each day. These demands are physical, mental, emotional, or even chemical in nature. The word "stress" encompasses both the stressful situation, known as the stressor, and the symptoms you experience under stress, your stress response.


Question: If I have ADHD, how can my job trigger depression and low self-esteem?

Answer: If you have ADHD, it may be hard to: Manage time Get and stay organized Listen and pay attention Follow directions Complete assignments Attend to details Get to work on time Speak just when it's your turn Sit still Keep emotions under control You may also have trouble with: Anger Procrastination ADHD often leads to depression and low self-esteem. When you can't make deadlines and aren't able to complete your work on schedule, it can make these feelings worse.


Question: If I have ADHD, how can I keep my job?

Answer: Once you have a job, try these: Find peace. Ask to work in a quiet space where you won't be easily distracted. Buddy up. Work with a manager or colleague who is well-organized and can help guide you through projects from start to completion. Book it. Keep a day planner with a calendar and list of things to do. Update them often. Set up your PDA or computer to send you electronic reminders for meetings and due dates. Write it down. Take notes at meetings and during phone conversations, and add all new tasks to your to-do list. Schedule interruptions. Set aside specific periods of time each day for answering voice mail and email so that they won't interrupt your other responsibilities. Set realistic goals. Break up your days into a series of individual assignments, and only try to tackle one task at a time. Use a timer to let you know when to move on to the next task. Reward yourself. When you complete an assignment or follow through on these organizational tricks, find a way to reward yourself. Take a break to go for a walk. Read a magazine article. For big goals, go out for a special lunch or get yourself something you've been wanting. Delegate. If you can, get an assistant or intern to take care of the small details to free you up so you can focus on the big picture. Relax, and make it a habit. Practice relaxation techniques. They can help with concentration. Try mediation or deep breathing. Get up once an hour and take a walk, get a drink of water, or talk to a co-worker.


Question: I have ADHD; what will I most likely have trouble with in my job?

Answer: If you have ADHD, it may be hard to: Manage time Get and stay organized Listen and pay attention Follow directions Complete assignments Attend to details Get to work on time Speak just when it's your turn Sit still Keep emotions under control You may also have trouble with: Anger Procrastination ADHD often leads to depression and low self-esteem.


Question: What is the positive side of ADHD at work?

Answer: Because ADHD is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you work at a larger company, they can't discriminate against you on the basis of your condition. The act also requires your company to accommodate your needs. But you have to be comfortable enough to let your employer know that you have ADHD. It may be best to research this topic more before bringing it up so you have a plan.


Question: What jobs should I look for if I have ADHD?

Answer: If you are about to start a job search, work with a career counselor to find a job that best matches your interests, needs, and abilities. That might want to find a more fast-paced job with flexible hours and a less-rigid structure.


Question: Can companies discriminate against me if I have ADHD?

Answer: Because ADHD is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you work at a larger company, they can't discriminate against you on the basis of your condition. The act also requires your company to accommodate your needs. But you have to be comfortable enough to let your employer know that you have ADHD. It may be best to research this topic more before bringing it up so you have a plan.


Question: Do I need disability benefits for ADHD?

Answer: How much ADHD affects your job outlook depends on how severe your condition is. Some people may just have trouble staying on task, while others can't make it through the workday without getting into a huge blow-up with a boss or co-worker. Some people who are more severely affected can lose their job, wind up bouncing from job to job, or need to seek disability benefits.


Question: Is it normal to struggle on the job if I have ADHD?

Answer: An estimated 8 million to 9 million American adults have ADHD. And many other people in similar situations struggle on the job. One national survey showed that only half of adults with ADHD were able to hold down a full-time job, compared to 72% of adults without the disorder. When they were able to secure a job, they tended to earn less than their peers without it. Those job problems translate into nearly $77 billion in lost income each year.


Question: Can ADHD cause depression?

Answer: If you have ADHD, it may be hard to: Manage time Get and stay organized Listen and pay attention Follow directions Complete assignments Attend to details Get to work on time Speak just when it's your turn Sit still Keep emotions under control You may also have trouble with: Anger Procrastination ADHD often leads to depression and low self-esteem. When you can't make deadlines and aren't able to complete your work on schedule, it can make these feelings worse.


Question: How many American adults have ADHD?

Answer: An estimated 8 million to 9 million American adults have ADHD.


Question: What can I do for help adjusting to a new job if I have ADHD?

Answer: To help you adjust to your job, enlist the help of a career counselor or executive coach. He or she can offer you guidance on any issues you encounter. They can also help you work through the job situations that you find most troublesome. For example, they could help you role play how to discuss a pay raise with your boss without the conversation becoming emotionally charged.


Question: If I have ADHD, what can I expect will be difficult in my job?

Answer: If you have ADHD, it may be hard to: Manage time Get and stay organized Listen and pay attention Follow directions Complete assignments Attend to details Get to work on time Speak just when it's your turn Sit still Keep emotions under control You may also have trouble with: Anger Procrastination ADHD often leads to depression and low self-esteem.


Question: How can ADHD affect my job?

Answer: It can make it tough to excel at work and sometimes even keep a job. You may feel restless or not be able to focus -- classic parts of having the disorder. These are all called executive-function abilities that are important in the workplace. But you have to be comfortable enough to let your employer know that you have ADHD.


Question: In what ways can my ADHD affect my job performance?

Answer: How much ADHD affects your job outlook depends on how severe your condition is. One study showed that people with ADHD often had more trouble with attention, working memory, mental processing, and verbal fluency. These are all called executive-function abilities that are important in the workplace. If you have ADHD, it may be hard to: Manage time Get and stay organized Listen and pay attention Follow directions Complete assignments Attend to details Get to work on time Speak just when it's your turn Sit still Keep emotions under control You may also have trouble with: Anger Procrastination ADHD often leads to depression and low self-esteem. Work with a manager or colleague who is well-organized and can help guide you through projects from start to completion.


Question: If I have ADHD, can a counselor or executive coach help me manage my job?

Answer: If you are about to start a job search, work with a career counselor to find a job that best matches your interests, needs, and abilities. If you can, get an assistant or intern to take care of the small details to free you up so you can focus on the big picture. They can also help you work through the job situations that you find most troublesome. For example, they could help you role play how to discuss a pay raise with your boss without the conversation becoming emotionally charged.


Question: How much will my ADHD affect my job?

Answer: Some people may just have trouble staying on task, while others can't make it through the workday without getting into a huge blow-up with a boss or co-worker. Some people who are more severely affected can lose their job, wind up bouncing from job to job, or need to seek disability benefits. Because ADHD is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you work at a larger company, they can't discriminate against you on the basis of your condition.


Question: Can I work if I have ADHD?

Answer: Excellent focus, attention to detail, speed, and organization -- they are all things employers are looking for in employees and job candidates. It can make it tough to excel at work and sometimes even keep a job. But there are things you can do to help you get a job and thrive despite your ADHD.


Question: How does ADHD affect employment?

Answer: When they were able to secure a job, they tended to earn less than their peers without it. Those job problems translate into nearly $77 billion in lost income each year. Break up your days into a series of individual assignments, and only try to tackle one task at a time.


Question: Are creams, gels, or patches used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If your pain is only in one small area of your body, your doctor might have you try a drug that goes on your skin. You may hear him call this a topical medicine. You rub a small amount of cream or gel over the joint that hurts. Some of these medications come in patches. Your choices for this kind of medicine include NSAIDs, lidocaine, and capsaicin, the chemical in hot peppers. You can buy some over the counter, and your doctor will prescribe others.


Question: What medications are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Over the counter: Ibuprofen Naproxen Prescription: Celecoxib Diclofenac Indomethacin Meloxicam Like any medicine, these have both risks and side effects.


Question: Are painkillers used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It's fine to take over-the-counter acetaminophen when your joints hurt occasionally. But if you have severe joint damage and constant pain, your doctor may prescribe something stronger. One option is to take acetaminophen paired with an NSAID. In rare cases, your doctor might prescribe short courses of opioids. These drugs have side effects and some serious risks. You could become constipated, too sleepy, or foggy.


Question: Are there side effects for medication that is used on the skin to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Medication that you put on your skin may have fewer side effects than those you take by mouth. That's because they don't get into your bloodstream. However, that also means they may not work as well for RA as they might for other conditions.


Question: Are there certain medicines that can help rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your joints are painful, stiff, and swollen -- and you're looking for quick relief. There are a lot of medicines that can help. Although the best approach is to use prescription drugs that slow down your disease, you can also fight your symptoms with meds you can find easily on the shelves of your pharmacy. You could also get an upset stomach if you take NSAIDs regularly.


Question: What are the warning signs of fatigue?

Answer: Know the warning signs of fatigue: Tired eyes Tired legs Whole-body tiredness Stiff shoulders Trouble concentrating Weakness or malaise Boredom or lack of motivation Exhaustion, even after sleeping Irritability Nervousness, anxiety, or impatience 1.


Question: How do vitamins affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Get enough vitamins. Ask your doctor whether you should take a vitamin supplement if you're not sure you're getting enough nutrients. A multivitamin provides many of the nutrients your body needs. But vitamin supplements don't have calories, so make sure you eat nutritious foods to get your calories.


Question: What is breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Fatigue is a daily lack of energy or whole-body tiredness that doesn't go away, even with good sleep. It can keep you from doing normal, daily things, and it affects your quality of life. Sometimes it's "acute," meaning it lasts a month or less. In other cases it's "chronic" and lasts up to 6 months or longer. Usually, it comes on suddenly, and may continue after you're done with your treatment.


Question: How does depression cause breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Depression and fatigue often go hand in hand, but it may not be clear which started first. One way to sort this out is to try to understand your depressed feelings and how they affect your life. Let your doctor know if you feel depressed all the time, were depressed before your cancer diagnosis, or are preoccupied with feelings of worthlessness.


Question: How does protein affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Get plenty of protein. It rebuilds and repairs damaged cells. Women need about 46 grams per day, and men need 56 grams. Good sources of protein include dairy foods, meat, eggs, and beans.


Question: When is it a good time for cancer patients who feel fatigue to call the doctor?

Answer: Although cancer-related fatigue is a common side effect of cancer and its treatments, you should mention any of your concerns to your doctor. There are times when fatigue may be a clue to an underlying medical problem. Other times, there may be things your doctor can do to help control fatigue. Be sure to let your doctor or nurse know if you have: Shortness of breath Pain Side effects from treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite) Anxiety or nervousness Depression


Question: How does surgery cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: Everyone recovers from surgery at different rates. This can also cause some daily exhaustion.


Question: How do exercise and a slower metabolism cause fatigue?

Answer: If your thyroid gland is underactive, your metabolism may slow down so much that your body doesn't burn food fast enough to give you energy. This is a common condition, but it can also happen after radiation therapy to the lymph nodes in the neck. In older people, being less active and having problems moving around can lead to fatigue. Younger people in treatment sometimes overexert themselves and bring on daily lack of energy or whole-body tiredness. Chronic, severe pain makes it worse.


Question: How can your doctor help improve your breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: The first step is to try to figure out the source or sources of your fatigue. There may be more than one reason you're feeling this way. Your doctor can do tests to check for anemia or hypothyroidism. If you have one of these conditions, treatments can help. If you think your cancer treatment is the cause, you can talk to your doctor about ways to help you manage it, or discuss other options.


Question: How do relaxation techniques help fight fatigue?

Answer: Relaxation techniques like deep breathing or visualization can lower stress, too. Or just do low-key things that are fun for you -- read, listen to music, or knit, for example. Let your doctor know if your stress seems out of control. He can help you feel better.


Question: How does targeted therapy cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: High amounts of these medications can lead to long-lasting fatigue.


Question: How does radiation cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: Radiation can give you fatigue that tends to get worse over time. It usually lasts 3 to 4 weeks after your treatment stops, but it can continue for up to 3 months.


Question: How does getting enough calories affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: If you have cancer, you need about 15 calories per pound of weight if your weight has been stable. Add 500 calories per day if you've lost weight. For example, a person who weighs 150 pounds needs about 2,250 calories per day to maintain his or her weight.


Question: How does hormone therapy cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: Hormone therapy deprives the body of estrogen, and that can lead to fatigue that may last throughout your treatment or longer.


Question: What are some tips for exercising to help with cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: A balanced diet can help you feel better and have more energy. Even during your cancer treatment, you may be able to keep exercising. Here are some tips: Check with your doctor before you begin an exercise program. Start slowly if you get the OK. Give your body time to adjust. Keep a regular exercise schedule. Try to be active at least 150 minutes a week. If you're just starting, build up to this amount over time. The right kind of exercise never makes you feel sore, stiff, or exhausted. If you that happens or you feel out of breath, you're overdoing it.


Question: How do family and friends help you fight cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: And it'll help you get calories. Family and friends can be helpful if they can put themselves in your shoes and understand what fatigue means to you. Cancer support groups can be a source of strength, too. Other people with the disease may understand what you're going through.


Question: How does nutrition affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: A balanced diet can help you feel better and have more energy. Ask your doctor whether you should take a vitamin supplement if you're not sure you're getting enough nutrients.


Question: How does exercise help breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: But that sort of inactivity can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, weakness, and further fatigue. If you that happens or you feel out of breath, you're overdoing it.


Question: How common is fatigue with breast cancer?

Answer: That's one of the most common side effects of the disease and treatments for it. Fatigue isn't the same as being tired. Tiredness happens to everyone, and a good night's sleep usually re-energizes you. Depression and fatigue often go hand in hand, but it may not be clear which started first. Ask your doctor whether you should take a vitamin supplement if you're not sure you're getting enough nutrients.


Question: How can I save up energy to combat fatigue?

Answer: Changing your activities can help you save energy. Figure out your level of energy. Ask family members or friends to help you with tasks when possible. A moderate pace is better than rushing through your day. Balance periods of rest and work. Use your energy only on important tasks. Schedule rest before you become fatigued -- frequent, short breaks are helpful. When you sit, use a chair with good back support. Sit up with your back straight and your shoulders back. When you have to lift something, bend your knees and use your leg muscles to lift, not your back. Limit work that requires reaching over your head or that adds to muscle tension. Change where you store items to reduce trips or reaching. Rather than moving a large load, break it into smaller ones, or use a cart. Avoid too-hot or too-cold temperatures. Don't take long, hot showers or baths. Your cancer and treatments may make you feel drained, leaving you lying in bed or sitting in chairs for hours.


Question: How does chemotherapy cause breast cancer fatigue?

Answer: That's one of the most common side effects of the disease and treatments for it. Tumor cells steal calories and nutrients from normal cells, and that leads to tiredness that won't seem to let up. Treatments can cause fatigue, too: Chemotherapy . Any chemo drug can cause you to have fatigue. It lasts for a few days in some people, while others say they have it throughout treatment or even afterward.


Question: How do fluids affect breast cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Get plenty of protein. Drink plenty of fluids. That will help you avoid fatigue that comes from dehydration. Be sure to let your doctor or nurse know if you have: Shortness of breath Pain Side effects from treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite) Anxiety or nervousness Depression


Question: Why do I need insoluble fiber in my diet if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Insoluble fiber is what your grandmother would call "roughage." It doesn't dissolve. ( If you drop a chunk of celery in water, it just sits there.) It helps to keep things moving through -- and out of -- your system and to balance the chemistry in your intestines.


Question: What foods should I avoid if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Foods with little fiber can cause or make constipation (and therefore hemorrhoids) worse, so it's best to limit how much you eat of them. White bread and bagels Milk, cheese, and other dairy Meat Processed foods such as frozen meals and fast food Watch the amount of salt you eat.


Question: Should I take iron supplements if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Iron supplements can cause constipation and other digestive problems, so talk to your doctor before you take them.


Question: How should I get more fiber in my diet if have hemorrhoids?

Answer: Too much fiber too fast can cause gas and bloating, so add a little bit to your diet at a time if you're not used to it. You'll also need to drink more fluids to help your body use that fiber: 8-10 large glasses (at least a half-gallon) of water every day.


Question: Can I eat salt if I have hemorrhoids?

Answer: That's the advice everyone gets about hemorrhoids -- and it's good. Too much fiber too fast can cause gas and bloating, so add a little bit to your diet at a time if you're not used to it. You'll also need to drink more fluids to help your body use that fiber: 8-10 large glasses (at least a half-gallon) of water every day.


Question: Can what I eat affect my hemorrhoids?

Answer: Let's take a look at specific foods that can help this painful problem and ways to work them into your meals. Foods with little fiber can cause or make constipation (and therefore hemorrhoids) worse, so it's best to limit how much you eat of them.


Question: What is a stress fracture?

Answer: This is a small crack in a bone that causes pain and discomfort. It typically affects runners in the shin and feet. It's often due to working too hard before your body gets used to a new activity. Pain gets worse with activity and improves with rest. Rest is important, as continued stress on the bone can lead to more serious injury.


Question: What is Achilles tendinopathy?

Answer: That's the large tendon that attaches the calf to the back of the heel. Achilles tendinitis causes pain and stiffness in the area of the tendon, especially in the morning and with activity. It is usually caused by repetitive stress to the tendon. Adding too much distance to your running routine can cause it. Tight calf muscles can also contribute.


Question: How can you prevent running injuries?

Answer: By taking a few precautions and planning, you can prevent many common running injuries. Create a running plan: Before beginning a running routine, talk to a trainer. Also, warm up for five minutes -- by walking, for example -- before you start stretching. Strength train: Add weight training and ab exercises to your routine. Cross train: Mix up your fitness routine. Dress in layers. Be shoe smart: Wear proper-fitting socks and shoes with good support. Run wisely: Run on a flat, smooth surface and avoid steep hills until your body gets used to the activity. Weather matters: Monitor the weather conditions before you go for a run. Stay hydrated: Make sure you drink an extra 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 cups of water on the days you run.


Question: How can you treat common running injuries?

Answer: If pain and discomfort continues, see your health care provider. Rest: Take it easy. Choose alternative ways to exercise while you heal, such as swimming or cycling. Ice and cold therapy: Apply ice packs to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling. Compression: Wrap the affected area with tape and use splints and supports to control swelling and stabilize the affected area. Elevate: If you sprain your ankle or hurt your foot, elevate it to reduce swelling. Stretch: To reduce pain and tension of the affected area, gently stretch and massage the injured area. Pain relievers: Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) and naproxen ( Aleve), as recommended by your health care provider to relieve pain and inflammation. Don't try to push through pain. If you notice discomfort, take a break from running.


Question: What is runner's knee?

Answer: This is a common overuse injury. When that happens, you may feel pain around the kneecap, particularly when: Going up or down stairs Squatting Sitting with the knee bent for a long time 2. It often happens when the foot twists or rolls inward.


Question: What are common running injuries?

Answer: It's often due to working too hard before your body gets used to a new activity. Ankle sprain.


Question: Will braces hurt?

Answer: Some of the adjustments your orthodontist may make to your braces may make your mouth feel sore or uncomfortable. When needed, over-the-counter pain relievers like Motrin or Tylenol can help relieve the pain. If you always experience a lot of pain after your braces are adjusted, talk to your orthodontist about it; he or she may be able to make the adjustments a bit differently.


Question: Can I continue to play sports while wearing braces?

Answer: If you have braces, you can continue to participate in any sport you choose. When playing sports where there is a possibility of getting hit in the mouth, a specially designed mouthguard will need to be worn. The mouthguard, made of durable plastic, is designed to fit comfortably over your braces and will protect the soft tissues inside the mouth.


Question: How do braces work?

Answer: In their entirety, braces work by applying continuous pressure over a period of time to slowly move teeth in a specific direction. As the teeth move, the bone changes shape as pressure is applied.


Question: What types of braces are available?

Answer: If braces are indeed the solution for you, the dentist or orthodontist will prescribe an appliance specific for your needs. The braces may consist of bands, wires, and other fixed or removable corrective appliances. No one method works for everyone.


Question: What causes autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body. If they mistake cells in your inner ear for a virus or bacteria, they attack them. This is called an autoimmune reaction. Your immune cells may harm other organs as well. Just under 30% of people who have AIED have another autoimmune disease that affects their whole body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, or Sjoegren's syndrome (dry eye syndrome).


Question: How is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) diagnosed?

Answer: Because the symptoms of AIED are so common, it can be hard to diagnose. Many times, it's mistaken for an ear infection until hearing loss has spread to the second ear. To diagnose AIED, your doctor will ask questions about your health and medical history, do a physical exam, and give you a hearing test. She'll also test your balance, which can show how well your inner ear is "talking" to your brain. You might also have blood work done.


Question: Is there a test to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: There's no test that can tell for sure that you have AIED, but the results may show that you're having an autoimmune reaction. If they do, it's a good idea to see an otolaryngologist (ear doctor) who's also trained in autoimmune disorders. Since you may not get a clear answer, your doctor may start you on treatment without a sure diagnosis to prevent damage to your hearing that can't be fixed. Many people aren't diagnosed with AIED until they start treatment and their symptoms get better.


Question: What is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Autoimmune inner ear disease ( AIED), is a rare disease that happens when your body's immune system mistakenly attacks your inner ear. It can cause dizziness, ringing in your ears, and hearing loss.


Question: What are the symptoms of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: If you have AIED, you'll have hearing loss that starts in one ear and then spreads to the other. This may take weeks, or it could happen over a few months. Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body.


Question: How common is autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)?

Answer: Less than 1% of the 28 million Americans who have hearing loss have it because of AIED. It's slightly more common in middle-aged women.


Question: What causes autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Dizziness or problems with your balance Fullness in your ear Tinnitus (ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ear) Vertigo (a sense that you're spinning) Your immune cells are always on the lookout for germs trying to invade your body. If they mistake cells in your inner ear for a virus or bacteria, they attack them. This is called an autoimmune reaction. Your immune cells may harm other organs as well. Just under 30% of people who have AIED have another autoimmune disease that affects their whole body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis, or Sjoegren's syndrome (dry eye syndrome).


Question: What new treatments are available for autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: As doctors learn more about AIED, more treatment options may be possible. These include drugs that work better with fewer side effects as well as gene therapy. New genes may be used to help damaged ear cells start working again.


Question: What happens after the diagnosis for autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: Since you may not get a clear answer, your doctor may start you on treatment without a sure diagnosis to prevent damage to your hearing that can't be fixed. Many people aren't diagnosed with AIED until they start treatment and their symptoms get better.


Question: What is the treatment for autoimmune inner ear disease?

Answer: To diagnose AIED, your doctor will ask questions about your health and medical history, do a physical exam, and give you a hearing test. High doses of steroids have been shown to work well for AIED, but they have many side effects. So you probably won't take them for more than a few weeks. After you take the steroids, your doctor may prescribe a medication that can calm down your immune system. Other drugs like azathioprine ( Imuran), cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), and methotrexate are sometimes used for this.


Question: What treatments exist for autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) other than steroid medications?

Answer: It can cause dizziness, ringing in your ears, and hearing loss. She'll also test your balance, which can show how well your inner ear is "talking" to your brain. There, the brain turns them into sound. Part of the cochlear implant sits behind your ear. The other part is put under your skin during surgery. As doctors learn more about AIED, more treatment options may be possible. These include drugs that work better with fewer side effects as well as gene therapy. New genes may be used to help damaged ear cells start working again.


Question: What are the risks of high blood sugar during pregnancy?

Answer: High blood sugar during pregnancy can cause your baby to grow very large. That can lead to complications during delivery. The baby could be born with low blood sugar, yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), breathing trouble, and other problems. If you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, though, your doctor will work with you to keep your blood sugar under control throughout your pregnancy.


Question: How do doctors test for gestational diabetes?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you're at risk, he'll give you a "glucose challenge" test. You'll drink a really sweet beverage. One hour later, you'll get a blood sugar reading. If the results come out higher than 130 to 140 mg/d L, you'll go back to the doctor's office on another day for a more involved process. This is called the 3-hour glucose tolerance test. You might have to follow some diet instructions, like fasting for 8 to 12 hours before you take the test.


Question: What happens during the 3-hour glucose tolerance test?

Answer: The doctor will check your fasting blood sugar level when you get to his office. Then he'll give you a drink that's even sweeter than the one in the first test. You'll get blood sugar readings 1, 2, and 3 hours later. If two or more of the results are higher than the normal values, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.â Values are: fasting: Higher than 94 mg/d L, 1 hr - higher than179 mg/d L, 2 hr higher than 154mg/d L, 3 hr higher than 139 mg/d L. If you have the condition, your doctor will tell you about healthy lifestyle changes you'll need to make -- these involve your diet and physical activity.


Question: What happens if I am diagnosed with gestational diabetes?

Answer: If two or more of the results are higher than the normal values, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.â Values are: fasting: Higher than 94 mg/d L, 1 hr - higher than179 mg/d L, 2 hr higher than 154mg/d L, 3 hr higher than 139 mg/d L. If you have the condition, your doctor will tell you about healthy lifestyle changes you'll need to make -- these involve your diet and physical activity. You will be educated about following a pregnancy diabetic diet and will start checking your sugars throughout the day.


Question: What are some of the early symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: That's what leads to the first symptoms you have, which can seem like some part of your brain quickly went offline. You might be grabbing milk from the fridge and suddenly your face feels funny. Or sitting at your desk and realize you can't budge your arm to answer the phone. Or you're in the middle of a sentence when you start slurring your words. In seconds, you go from totally fine to totally not. Any one of those three signs -- face drooping, arm weakness, and trouble talking -- means someone needs to call 911. Don't wait. And don't call your doctor or family members first.


Question: What additives can cause migraines?

Answer: These cheeses are high in tyramine: Blue Brie Cheddar Feta Mozzarella Muenster Parmesan Swiss Chemicals added to food to enhance their flavor or help them stay fresh longer may bring on a headache: MSG (monosodium glutamate): The main ingredient in soy sauce and meat tenderizer, MSG can spark a migraine within 20 minutes. It's sometimes listed on packaged foods as âall natural preservativesâ or âhydrolyzed protein.â Nitrates and nitrites: These chemicals are found in many cured and processed meats, like hot dogs, ham, and bacon. Once they get into your system, they cause your blood vessels to swell, which can start a headache. Aspartame: It's unclear how this artificial sweetener, which is 150 times sweeter than sugar, causes headaches. More research is needed. Still, you may want to limit how much you use it.


Question: What drinks can cause migraines?

Answer: But doctors agree that brief changes in your brain activity bring them on. Caffeine can cause headaches. But it isn't wise to go cold turkey on your favorite drinks. That could lead to a withdrawal headache. Instead, you may need to limit your caffeine intake to no more than 200 milligrams a day. That's about one small cup of coffee. Feeling tense and worried may be enough to make your head throb.


Question: How does having a cold affect you if you have diabetes?

Answer: It makes it harder for you to ward off a cold virus. Also, when you get sick, it adds extra stress to your body. This can affect your blood sugar levels, so it's important to take steps to keep them in a good range.


Question: When should you call your doctor if you have a cold with another medical condition?

Answer: Talk to your doctor before you get sick so you can make an action plan for a cold. It can lay out what to do if: Your cold symptoms get worse after 3 to 4 days. You get nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, high fever, shaking, chills, or coughing with thick, yellow-green mucus.


Question: What lifestyle changes can prevent you from catching a cold if you have a medical condition?

Answer: Keep your hands away from those areas to avoid a cold. Move regularly. Aerobic exercise, which gets your heart pounding, helps increase your body's natural virus-killing cells and helps you fight off a cold. Eat healthy. Make sure your diet includes foods with lots of nutrients, like dark green, red, and yellow vegetables and fruits. But make sure your meals include lean protein, good fats, and complex carbs to keep your immune system in top shape. Don't smoke. Heavy smokers get more severe colds and more frequent ones. Heavy drinkers are more likely to get sick and also get complications from a cold. De-stress. There's some evidence that when you relax, your immune system gets stronger. Take time to learn how, and use those techniques throughout your day.


Question: How does having a cold affect you if you have HIV/AIDS?

Answer: If you have complications from your cold, such as lung infections, it makes it hard to take in oxygen efficiently. When you get sick, you're also more likely to get complications such as pneumonia. For in-depth information, see HIV/ AIDS and Colds.


Question: How does having a cold affect you if you have heart disease?

Answer: If you have it, a cold can make your symptoms worse. When that happens, your heart works even harder to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.


Question: When should I stop taking eye medication?

Answer: Call him or her as soon as possible if you feel you need to stop the medication. If you quit too early, the illness might return or become harder to treat. Don't double the dose unless your doctor says to.


Question: What if I am pregnant and taking eye prescription medications?

Answer: Tell the doctor if you're expecting or breastfeeding. Small amounts of medication can pass from mother to child.


Question: What should I tell my eye doctor before they prescribe me drugs?

Answer: Before your eye doctor prescribes a drug, tell him or her if: You're allergic to any medication You're on any other drugs, including over-the-counter ones You're pregnant or think you might be You have problems with any medications When you take eye medication, follow these safety tips: Read all labels carefully.


Question: What are some safety tips for the dosage of my eye medication?

Answer: Don't double the dose unless your doctor says to. If you miss a dose, don't panic. Take it as soon as you remember.


Question: How should I keep my eye medication?

Answer: Don't keep medication that's outdated or no longer needed. Store it in a dry area away from moisture, unless the doctor or pharmacist tells you to refrigerate it. Always keep medications out of the reach of children.


Question: Should I change my diet for my eye medication?

Answer: If you have any questions about your medication, ask your doctor. Some foods can increase the potency of drugs. And some drugs need to be taken with food so that your stomach won't get upset.


Question: What should I be aware of when taking eye medication?

Answer: Don't share your medications with others. If you store your medications in a container, label it with the drug name, dose, frequency, and expiration date. Know when your medications will run out. Buy your medications at the same pharmacy, if you can. If you have any questions about your medication, ask your doctor.


Question: What are the uncontrollable factors that raise the risk of hight cholesterol?

Answer: Gender: After menopause, a woman's LDL cholesterol level ("bad" cholesterol) goes up, as does her risk for heart disease. Age: Your risk may increase as you get older. Men aged 45 years or older and women aged 55 years or older are at increased risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. Family history: Your risk of high cholesterol may increase if a father or brother was affected by early heart disease (before age 55) or a mother or sister was affected by early heart disease (before age 65).


Question: What is meconium?

Answer: Your baby's first poops are called meconium. It's a thick and sticky residue that is greenish-black in color. You should see it only in the first 3 days of your baby's life.


Question: When should I call my doctor about the color of my baby's bowel movements?

Answer: Let your baby's doctor know if you see: Poop that stays chalky white. Poop that is tarry black. There may be blood in his digestive tract that has turned dark as it traveled through the intestines. You don't need to worry about green, orange, and yellow stools. They are par for the course and rarely a sign of a digestive problem.


Question: Iâm having genital herpes outbreaks. What are some questions to ask my doctor?

Answer: Can I still plan to have children? Would I benefit from taking herpes suppression drugs every day, or should I take medication only when I have flare-ups? Which drug would be the best choice for me, and why? What are the possible side effects? Is there anything else I can use to relieve my symptoms? What can trigger outbreaks? Can I make lifestyle changes to help prevent them? How often should my long-term partner be tested? Can you recommend a support group or a counselor to help me work through this?


Question: Iâve just been diagnosed with genital herpes. What are some questions to ask my doctor?

Answer: What type of herpes virus do I have? Should I be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases? How can I keep my partner from becoming infected? How soon should my partner be tested? Will herpes complicate any other health problems I have? Can I still plan to have children? Would I benefit from taking herpes suppression drugs every day, or should I take medication only when I have flare-ups? Can you recommend a support group or a counselor to help me work through this?


Question: My partner has genital herpes. What are some questions to ask my doctor?

Answer: How often can I expect to have symptoms? Can I still plan to have children? How often should my long-term partner be tested? Can you recommend a support group or a counselor to help me work through this? If I have been infected, how long would it take for the virus to show up in tests? Should I be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases? What can we do to reduce the risk? What can I do to help my partner manage the condition?


Question: How can you train your bladder to help your OAB?

Answer: Hold your pee when you feel like you need to go. It's easier if you do it while sitting down. Sit still, and squeeze your pelvic floor muscles several times in a row. When the urge to pee passes, walk slowly to the bathroom. Be patient. It may take up to 8 weeks to see results.


Question: What is percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation?

Answer: Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: The doctor places a needle on nerves near your ankle that affect bladder control. You'll have one session a week for 12 weeks, then maintenance treatments as needed. This procedure is done in the office.


Question: How can losing weight help my OAB?

Answer: Exercise and weight loss can improve urinary incontinence and OAB symptoms. It'll ease the stress on your bladder and lead to fewer accidents.


Question: What is sacral nerve stimulation?

Answer: Sacral nerve stimulation: The doctor uses electricity to stimulate the nerves that control your bladder. He'll place a small device under the skin in your butt. It sends mild electric charges through a wire to a nerve in your lower back. This helps build bladder control. This procedure is commonly referred to as a bladder pacemaker.


Question: Does smoking affect my OAB?

Answer: Cigarette smoke irritates your bladder. It can also cause a hacking cough, which could trigger leaks.


Question: Which medications can help OAB?

Answer: Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Ditropan XL) Oxybutynin gel or patch ( Gelnique, Oxytrol), which you rub or place on your skin Solifenacin ( VESIcare) Tolterodine ( Detrol, Detrol LA) Trospium ( Sanctura, Sanctura XR) Women who've been through menopause can also use a form of the hormone estrogen that you apply inside your vagina.


Question: How can my diet help my OAB?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should limit how much you drink at certain times of the day. He might also tell you to avoid coffee, tea, alcohol, sodas, and juices. Ditto for fruits like oranges and grapefruit, and spicy foods. All of them can make your OAB symptoms worse.


Question: What is augmnentation cystoplasty?

Answer: In rare cases, augmentation cystoplasty, where intestine is used to make the bladder bigger or urinary diversion, an alternate route for bladder drainage for severe, complicated OAB patients may be considered Overactive bladder doesn't have to get in the way of your daily life.


Question: How can scheduling my bathroom trips help my OAB?

Answer: Ask your doctor if you should limit how much you drink at certain times of the day. This way, you train yourself to pee at the same times every day.


Question: How can Kegel exercises help your OAB?

Answer: They also build up the muscle that controls the flow of urine from your body. When it works like it should, it helps you to hold your pee until you can get to the bathroom. When it doesn't, you have leaks. To do Kegels, pretend you're going to pee, then squeeze the muscles you'd use to stop it. You'll have to do them a few times a day for 6 to 8 weeks before you see a change in your OAB symptoms. Sit still, and squeeze your pelvic floor muscles several times in a row.


Question: What is double voiding?

Answer: Hold your pee when you feel like you need to go. It'll help make sure your bladder's empty. That way, you can avoid a quick trip back to the bathroom.


Question: How do you treat pustules or cysts?

Answer: When many pustules or cysts appear on the face and upper body, you'll need an oral antibiotic. Your doctor also can inject cysts with anti-inflammatory steroid solutions to help decrease their size.


Question: How does acne happen due to puberty?

Answer: To understand acne, you need to know how your skin works. The pores in your skin contain oil glands. When you hit puberty, there's an increase in sex hormones called androgens. The excess hormones cause your oil glands to become overactive, enlarge, and produce too much oil, or sebum. When there's too much sebum, the pores or hair follicles become blocked with skin cells. The increase in oil also results in an overgrowth of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes.


Question: How does benzoyl peroxide help acne?

Answer: For instance, if you have an occasional inflamed pimple, you may use skin compounds containing: Azelaic acid Benzoyl peroxide Glycolic acid Lactic acid Retinoids (medications that come from vitamin A) Salicylic acid Various fruit acids Benzoyl peroxide reduces oil production and has antibacterial properties. But use it carefully, as it might leave your skin dry and flaky. ( It can also bleach out clothing, towels and bedsheets.) Try to use it just before bedtime.


Question: When should I call my doctor about acne?

Answer: Treating acne early is the key to avoiding permanent scarring.


Question: Can hormonal changes cause acne in teens?

Answer: While the symptoms of acne vary in severity, you'll notice these signs on areas of your body with the most oil glands (the face, neck, chest, back, shoulders, and upper arms): Clogged pores (pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads) Papules (raised lesions) Pustules (raised lesions with pus) Cysts (nodules filled with pus or fluid) The least severe type of acne lesion is the whitehead or blackhead. Because acne is linked to hormones, some oral contraceptives (birth control pills) may help.


Question: What is the most common food intolerance?

Answer: These triggers cause about 90% of food allergies: Peanuts Tree nuts (such as walnuts, pecans and almonds) Fish Shellfish Milk Eggs Soy Wheat The most common food intolerance is lactose intolerance. It happens when people can't digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy.


Question: What are the symptoms of food allergy?

Answer: You may have these symptoms: Gas, cramps, or bloating Heartburn Headaches Irritability or nervousness A food allergy happens when your immune system mistakes something in food as harmful and attacks it. It can affect your whole body, not just your stomach. Symptoms may include: Rash, hives, or itchy skin Shortness of breath Chest pain Sudden drop in blood pressure, trouble swallowing or breathing -- this is life-threatening. Call 911 immediately.


Question: What are the symptoms of food intolerance?

Answer: Food Allergy: Usually comes on suddenly Small amount of food can trigger Happens every time you eat the food Can be life-threatening Food Intolerance: Usually comes on gradually May only happen when you eat a lot of the food May only happen if you eat the food often Is not life-threatening A food allergy and an intolerance both can cause: Nausea Stomach pain Diarrhea Vomiting When a food irritates your stomach or your body can't properly digest it, that's an intolerance. You may have these symptoms: Gas, cramps, or bloating Heartburn Headaches Irritability or nervousness A food allergy happens when your immune system mistakes something in food as harmful and attacks it.


Question: What are common triggers of food allergies?

Answer: These triggers cause about 90% of food allergies: Peanuts Tree nuts (such as walnuts, pecans and almonds) Fish Shellfish Milk Eggs Soy Wheat The most common food intolerance is lactose intolerance.


Question: How do I know if I have food intolerance, or a food allergy?

Answer: A doctor can help you know for sure. Food Allergy: Usually comes on suddenly Small amount of food can trigger Happens every time you eat the food Can be life-threatening Food Intolerance: Usually comes on gradually May only happen when you eat a lot of the food May only happen if you eat the food often Is not life-threatening A food allergy and an intolerance both can cause: Nausea Stomach pain Diarrhea Vomiting When a food irritates your stomach or your body can't properly digest it, that's an intolerance. Your doctor can find out if you have an allergy or intolerance.


Question: What can help me figure out if I have a food allergy or intolerance?

Answer: These clues can help you figure out if it is an allergy or intolerance. Have allergy tests done. Learn which foods -- and how much -- cause you to have symptoms.


Question: How can I ease my food allergy symptoms?

Answer: You may have these symptoms: Gas, cramps, or bloating Heartburn Headaches Irritability or nervousness A food allergy happens when your immune system mistakes something in food as harmful and attacks it. When you eat out, ask your server about how your meal will be prepared. It may not always be clear from the menu whether some dishes contain problem foods. Learn to read food labels and check the ingredients for trigger foods. Don't forget to check condiments and seasonings. They may have MSG or another additive that can cause symptoms.


Question: What do I do if my infant isn't breathing due to choking?

Answer: Hold the child face down on your forearm, supported by your thigh. Keep the child's torso higher than the head. Use the heel of your free hand to thump the child in between the shoulder blades up to five times. Turn the child face up, and keep supporting the head and neck. If the object is not out yet, go to step 4. Place the child on a firm surface, which may still be your forearm. Put two or three fingers in the center of the child's breastbone and push quickly up to five times. Repeat the back thumping and chest pushes until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness. If the child is still not breathing, open the airway by putting your thumb in the child's mouth and grasping the lower incisors or gums. The jaw should lift up so you can look for the object. Do not do a finger sweep.


Question: How can I try to dislodge an object that's causing my child to choke?

Answer: Hold the fist with your free hand and quickly push in and up. Repeat until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness.


Question: What should I do to help my child if they're choking?

Answer: Stand behind the child and wrap your arms around his waist. Place a fist just above the child's belly button. Hold the fist with your free hand and quickly push in and up. Repeat until the object comes out or the child loses consciousness. If the child loses consciousness, move the child to the floor and start CPR. Take the object out of his mouth only if you can see it. Never do a finger sweep unless you can see the object in the child's mouth.


Question: What should you do if your baby loses consciousness due to choking?

Answer: Take the object out of his mouth only if you can see it. Never do a finger sweep unless you can see the object in the child's mouth.


Question: Is botulinum toxin a wrinkle filler?

Answer: They include: Botulinum toxin ( Botox Cosmetic, Dysport, Jeuveau, Xeomin) is not an actual wrinkle filler. Rather, botulinum toxin is injected into facial muscles to immobilize the underlying cause of lines and wrinkles. Botulinum toxin may improve eyebrow furrows, crow's feet, and forehead creases.


Question: What wrinkle filler injections last longest?

Answer: Other fillers last longer: Juvederm Voluma, Restylane Lyft, and Sculptra last up to one year or longer. Radiesse and Juvederm Vollure last up to one and a half years. Bellafill is a semi-permanent filler that can last years.


Question: What is hyaluronic acid?

Answer: Hyaluronic acid ( Belotero, Elevess, Juvederm, Prevelle Silk, Restylane, Restylane Lyft) is a substance normally made by the body that gives your skin its volume and fullness. Hyaluronic acid injections fill the space between collagen and elastin fibers within the skin, which replenishes the natural volume lost with aging. There is always a risk for skin infection with injections, and you will need repeated treatments to maintain the result. Hyaluronic acid also attracts and binds water, which helps maintain fullness where it's injected.


Question: What type of wrinkle filler is fat?

Answer: Fat from your own thighs or abdomen can be also be injected. There's no risk of allergic reaction, and most people achieve semi-permanent results. Several injections may be required to get the most benefit.


Question: What are polymethylmethacrylate beads?

Answer: Thousands of synthetic PMMA microspheres are embedded in cow collagen, which is gradually absorbed by your body and replaced by your own collagen. Since the beads are not readily reabsorbed, and your own collagen is stimulated to form around them, this filler can last for years. Injections are placed under skin folds and in hollows to re-volumize and improve skin tone and texture.


Question: What is calcium hydroxylapatite?

Answer: Calcium hydroxylapatite ( Radiesse) is a semi-permanent wrinkle filler that's suspended in an aqueous gel and used to increase soft tissue. This is a collagen stimulator to improve the surface texture of your skin as well as stimulate your own collagen to enable the product to last longer.


Question: What is poly-L-lactic acid?

Answer: Poly- L-lactic acid ( Sculptra) is an injectable filler used to replace lost facial fat. This synthetic polymer has been used for many years in dissolvable stitches and bone screws. This product stimulates the body's own collagen for better skin texture and a more long lasting result.


Question: How do collagen injections fight wrinkles?

Answer: By supplementing your skin's own collagen, injections help smooth facial lines and some types of scars. The natural beauty of your skin is enhanced as the contour of the support structure is restored. These products can come from cows (bovine) or human cells.


Question: How can collagen creams smooth wrinkles?

Answer: In young skin, the collagen framework is intact and the skin remains moisturized and elastic. A moisturizer with or without collagen cannot penetrate the skin and is not designed to be absorbed. No moisturizer can undo the effect of collagen loss and make wrinkles disappear.


Question: What are instabilities in people with borderline personality disorder, in relation to dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)?

Answer: People with borderline personality disorder may have difficulty regulating emotions. They experience instability in: moods behavior self-image thinking relationships Impulsive behavior, such as substance abuse, risky sex, self-injury, and repeated life crises such as legal troubles and homelessness, are common.


Question: What is dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to identify and change negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. DBT may be used to treat suicidal and other self-destructive behaviors. It teaches patients skills to cope with, and change, unhealthy behaviors. The term "dialectical" comes from the idea that bringing together two opposites in therapy -- acceptance and change -- brings better results than either one alone. A unique aspect of DBT is its focus on acceptance of a patient's experience as a way for therapists to reassure them -- and balance the work needed to change negative behaviors.


Question: How can comprehensive dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) improve your life skills?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to identify and change negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. Researchers are investigating whether DBT may be effective in treating these conditions: mood disorders binge eating ADHD post-traumatic stress disorder Comprehensive DBT focuses on four ways to enhance life skills: Distress tolerance: Feeling intense emotions like anger without reacting impulsively or using self-injury or substance abuse to dampen distress. Emotion regulation: Recognizing, labeling, and adjusting emotions. Mindfulness: Becoming more aware of self and others and attentive to the present moment. Interpersonal effectiveness: Navigating conflict and interacting assertively.


Question: What conditions does dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) treat?

Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy tries to identify and change negative thinking patterns and pushes for positive behavioral changes. Dialectical behavioral therapy focuses on high-risk, tough-to-treat patients. DBT was initially designed to treat people with suicidal behavior and borderline personality disorder. Researchers are investigating whether DBT may be effective in treating these conditions: mood disorders binge eating ADHD post-traumatic stress disorder Comprehensive DBT focuses on four ways to enhance life skills: Distress tolerance: Feeling intense emotions like anger without reacting impulsively or using self-injury or substance abuse to dampen distress.