Question: How is methotrexate taken in pill form?

Answer: You will take 7.5 to 10 milligrams each week. Your doctor may raise that to 20-25 milligrams per week if needed. The pills will come with directions about how many to take and when. If you're not sure about those instructions, ask your doctor or a pharmacist. Shots work better for some people, especially if you forget to take your pills on schedule or if the pills cause nausea. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home.


Question: How do people take methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: You can take methotrexate in either pills or shots. Methotrexate liquid comes in vials with a hypodermic needle or in prefilled pens with various doses. You inject the drug under the skin on your stomach or thigh. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to do this at home. If you use a prefilled pen, you'll stick the pen into your stomach or thigh and press on it to inject the drug. Try to give yourself your shot in a different spot each time. This will help you avoid skin reactions.


Question: How can eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy treat prehypertension?

Answer: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and low-fat dairy . This[ TM1] diet is low in sodium and high in potassium, magnesium, calcium, protein, and fiber. A diet high in sodium (salt) can increase blood pressure.


Question: How can losing weight if you're overweight treat prehypertension?

Answer: Being overweight increases the risk of high blood pressure. Studies show high blood pressure can be lowered and prevented with the DASH diet.


Question: How can eating a plant-based or vegetarian diet help treat prehypertension?

Answer: A low-sodium diet can lower high blood pressure -- or prevent it. Increase servings of fruits and vegetables by adding one serving at a time. You can add a serving of fruit at lunchtime. Then add a serving of vegetables at dinner. Talk to your doctor about your blood pressure. Ask if diet and exercise can help lower your risk of getting high blood pressure.


Question: How closely should I monitor my blood pressure?

Answer: Exercise regularly. Know your blood pressure number. Let your doctor know if your blood pressure number is higher. You can monitor your blood pressure between doctor's visits with a home blood pressure monitor. Or, you can use an electronic blood pressure monitor at your local pharmacy, grocery store, or fire station.


Question: Can exercise really help lower triglycerides?

Answer: Do that 5 days a week, and your overall numbers may drop while your good cholesterol will rise. Squeeze in 10 minutes of exercise, and build up to several times a day.


Question: What are biologic drugs that treat uveitis?

Answer: You may need these if your uveitis is in the middle or back of your eye, or if your eye drops don't work. In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation.


Question: When can uveitis occur?

Answer: In that case, you might need to take a drug that powers down your immune system to stop the inflammation. Biologic drugs target certain parts of your immune system to stop inflammation. Your eye surgeon can take out part of the gel inside your eye, known as your vitreous humor.


Question: Why is it important to treat uveitis right away?

Answer: Take your steroid pills for as long as your doctor says. It's used on uveitis in the back of the eye that's harder to treat.


Question: What is toxoplasmosis and can it pass to a baby before birth?

Answer: If you're pregnant, you can pass it to your unborn child. This is rare. The greatest risk to your baby is if you get your first outbreak of herpes while you're pregnant.


Question: Does rubella affect a baby before birth?

Answer: If you're pregnant and get rubella in your first trimester, it's likely that you'll pass it on to your baby. It can be very serious -- you could have a miscarriage, or your baby could have severe birth defects. The first 3 months of your pregnancy is when rubella can cause the most problems in your baby's development. That's why it's important to tell your doctor right away if you think you might have gotten it. If you're thinking of becoming pregnant and you haven't already had the MMR vaccine, you should get it at least 28 days before you conceive.


Question: Can syphilis affect a baby before birth?

Answer: Pregnant women in the first or second stage of this sexually transmitted disease ( STD) pass it to their babies 75% of the time if it's not treated. Syphilis is caused by bacteria and can create serious problems during a baby's development. Babies born with syphilis can have misshaped bones, anemia, meningitis, skin rashes, and nerve problems that can cause blindness and deafness. If you're pregnant, you should be tested for syphilis. If you test positive, your doctor can treat it with antibiotics.


Question: What are thunderclap headaches like?

Answer: If you have one, get emergency medical attention. The cause, which can be life-threatening, is often some kind of bleeding in or around your brain. Describe the headaches and their symptoms How severe were your headaches?


Question: What is the treatment for a thunderclap headache?

Answer: Arteries are vessels that supply blood to your brain. Your doctor will also use tests like: CT scan of the head. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). Thunderclap headache treatment depends on what's causing the pain.


Question: What is early puberty?

Answer: Doctors diagnose early puberty when this normal process starts early and continues to progress through growth spurts and bone maturation, usually for reasons we don't understand. Girls who show significant signs of puberty and its progression before age 8 and boys before age 9 are considered precocious. About 1 out of 5,000 children are affected. Some studies have found a link between early puberty in girls and a slightly increased risk of breast cancer later in life.


Question: What should parents consider about early puberty?

Answer: Girls are 10 times as likely to have central precocious puberty as boys. If your child shows signs of early puberty, they should be evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist. But kids and their parents should not view precocious puberty as a fearful medical diagnosis. Here are a few other things to remember: Symptoms that might seem like early puberty are often unrelated and resolve on their own. When a doctor and parents decide treatment is necessary, it is usually quite effective. Most kids with signs of early puberty do fine, medically, psychologically, and socially.


Question: How can someone prevent and treat tendon damage from diabetes?

Answer: Exercise is important to help keep your diabetes under control, but you may find it harder to work out when your tendons are painful and stiff. Lower your blood sugar with the help of diet, exercise, and medicine. And if you're overweight, try to shed some pounds. It will improve your health and take pressure off your tendons at the same time. If you already have tendon damage, ask your doctor about treatments like these: Pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen Muscle relaxants Physical therapy and exercise Heat or ice A splint to keep your joint steady while your tendons heal Your doctor may also suggest a steroid shot into your joint to relieve tendon problems.


Question: How do you diagnose eye pain?

Answer: That puts pressure on your optic nerve. The doctor uses it to diagnose glaucoma. The only way to sort out the causes of eye pain and to get the right treatment is to see a doctor.


Question: What is blepharitis?

Answer: Blepharitis: An inflammation or infection of the eyelid which typically is not painful Conjunctivitis (pinkeye): This is inflammation of the conjunctiva. This condition is typically not painful.


Question: How should you compare birth control methods?

Answer: Behavior: Something you or your partner has to do Barrier: Goes on or in your body before you have sex to block the sperm from getting to the egg Hormonal: Changes a woman's body chemistry. ( Depending on the specific hormones, it stops ovaries from releasing eggs, thickens the mucus around your cervix to keep sperm from reaching the egg, or thins the lining of the uterus.) Medical: A procedure that changes your body When doctors talk about how effective a birth control method is, sometimes there are different rates when it's used "ideally" -- meaning exactly the way it was designed -- versus how the average person uses it in real life. " No hormonal changes.


Question: What should you think about when deciding the best birth control method?

Answer: What's right for you may not be right for everyone. And your needs may change over time, too. You should think about: How fail-proof do you need your protection plan to be? How much does the cost matter? How important is your privacy? Do you have a regular partner whose needs you care about? Do you need to protect against sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs)? How much effort do you want to make to prevent a pregnancy? If you're a woman, does it matter if your period is affected? Will you some day want to have a child? Use only birth control methods without hormones for the next 5 days.


Question: What can I do to avoid smoking again?

Answer: When you get the urge to smoke, take a deep breath. Take a walk or read a book instead of taking a cigarette break. When you can, avoid places, people, and situations associated with smoking. Hang out with people who don't smoke. Go to places that don't allow smoking, such as the movies, museums, shops, or libraries. Tell yourself that these are signs that your body is healing and getting used to being without cigarettes.


Question: How will you feel when you quit smoking?

Answer: They may be triggers that make you want to smoke. These symptoms of withdrawal happen because your body is used to nicotine, the active addictive agent within cigarettes. You'll probably notice it most during the first 2 weeks after quitting. When it happens, remember why you're quitting. Tell yourself that these are signs that your body is healing and getting used to being without cigarettes.


Question: How is lupus diagnosed?

Answer: He may also suggest you get a chest X-ray to look for fluid or inflammation in your lungs or an echocardiogram to see if you have problems with your heart. Your doctor may also do a physical exam to see if you have inflammation and swelling in your joints or signs of psoriasis on your skin and nails. And if you have no swelling, or very little, you could have osteoarthritis.


Question: What antibiotics can treat urethritis?

Answer: Antibiotics can successfully cure urethritis caused by bacteria. Some of the most commonly prescribed include: Adoxa, doxycycline ( Vibramycin), Monodox, Oracea Azithromycin ( Zmax), Zithromax Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin) Urethritis due to trichomonas infection (called trichomoniasis) is usually treated with an antibiotic called metronidazole ( Flagyl). Your sexual partner should also be treated to prevent reinfection.


Question: How can massage help ease  aches and pains?

Answer: Ice as soon as possible after an injury. With your whole hand, the heel of your hand, or your fingertips, apply gentle pressure in slow, steady, circular movements. Warm oil or lotion may help. Massage in one area for 10 seconds first to see if it feels good. Never use more than your doctor recommends, because it can cause liver damage and other side effects.


Question: Why do people take pectin?

Answer: Pectin is a soluble fiber found in most plants. People take MCP for a variety of reasons. Some research suggests that pectin, like other soluble fibers such as those found in oatmeal and in psyllium husks, can help lower LDL "bad" cholesterol. But the effect is a small one. In a small study of men with prostate cancer for whom standard treatment had failed, MCP appeared to slow the growth of their cancer.


Question: What are some precautions about taking pectin as a supplement?

Answer: Pectin is a soluble fiber found in most plants. It is most abundant in: Apples Plums The peel and pulp of citrus fruits In food, it is most commonly used to thicken jams, jellies, and preserves. The human body cannot digest pectin in its natural form. But an altered form of pectin, known as modified citrus pectin ( MCP), has properties that allow it to be digested. Some people have reported mild stomach cramps and diarrhea while taking MCP. And pectin can also interfere with the body's ability to absorb certain drugs, including: Digoxin (a heart medicine) Lovastatin (a cholesterol-lowering drug) Tetracycline antibiotics The FDA does not regulate supplements such as pectin. Talk to your doctor about potential risks before you take pectin or any other dietary supplement.


Question: What causes vitiligo?

Answer: Any location on the body can be affected, and most people with vitiligo have white patches on many areas. Although vitiligo affects all races equally, it's more noticeable in dark-skinned people. It's rare for pigment to return once the white patches have developed.


Question: What is the effect of surgery for Crohn's disease on pregnancy?

Answer: Crohn's disease is a chronic illness in which the intestine, bowel, or another part of the digestive tract become inflamed and ulcerated. That happens so the body won't reject the fetus. Women who have had bowel resections (surgeries to remove part of the bowel) do not appear to have any problems during pregnancy. Women who have had ileostomies may have lower fertility rates. It may be best to wait for a year after this surgery to become pregnant in order to reduce the risk of the ileostomy dropping or becoming blocked during pregnancy. Some women with Crohn's disease develop fistulas -- abnormal passageways between organs. If you have a fistula or an abscess -- a cavity filled with pus -- that's near the rectum and vaginal area you will likely be advised to deliver your baby by cesarean section, or C-section.


Question: Can pregnant women take medication for Crohn's disease?

Answer: If a man who wants to become a father is taking sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine) for Crohn's disease, he should ask his doctor to change his medication. It might, though, if you have a change in your condition. As for specific types of drugs to treat Crohn's disease, only antibiotics and methotrexate must be avoided. That's because of the harm they can do to the fetus. If you are taking sulfasalazine, you need to be particularly sure you get enough folic acid.


Question: How do drugs for Crohn's disease affect pregnancy?

Answer: That part is called the ileum. The exception is methotrexate. Methotrexate should not be taken if you are pregnant. Nor should it be taken by either a man or a woman who is trying to conceive. Methotrexate can cause the death of the fetus. It can also cause congenital abnormalities. If you are taking methotrexate, you also should not breastfeed. If you are on steroids, you should not get pregnant. If you are taking a corticosteroid such as prednisone or another steroid and do get pregnant, your doctor will prescribe the smallest possible dose. If you are breastfeeding while taking steroids in moderate to high doses, your baby should be monitored by a pediatrician. Women who have had bowel resections (surgeries to remove part of the bowel) do not appear to have any problems during pregnancy.


Question: What can you do to treat or manage premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Answer: Even if you can't totally fix it, it's nice to know you have the power to help yourself. These ideas might help: Exercise about 30 minutes a day. Eat healthy foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Try to get enough calcium from foods (think dairy, green leafy vegetables, and canned salmon). Avoid salt, caffeine, and alcohol. Don't smoke. Get plenty of sleep. Work to lower stress. Track your moods and symptoms in a journal. Try over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or naproxen. Be sure to follow the dosing instructions exactly as it says on the label. Make an appointment with your doctor or gynecologist.


Question: What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Answer: You probably get some signs that your period is coming. If it messes with your daily life, you might have premenstrual syndrome ( PMS). Your period is a natural part of your life. Once your period starts, they go away. Another way to know is if you have symptoms on the 5 days before your period, for 3 months in a row. Women with PMS deal with it in lots of ways. Physical signs Bloated tummy Cramps Tender breasts Hunger Headache Muscle aches Joint pain Swollen hands and feet Pimples Weight gain Constipation or diarrhea Emotional signs Tense or anxious Depressed Crying Mood swings Can't sleep Don't want to be with people Feel overwhelmed or out of control Angry outbursts Behavioral signs Forget things Loss of mental focus Tired Girls and women who still get their period can get PMS. It probably has to do with changes in your body chemistry around the time of your period.


Question: What does tinnitus sound like?

Answer: Do you hear ringing in your ears when there isn't any sound around you? You might hear it all the time or it might come and go.


Question: How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?

Answer: You can think of the highs and the lows as two "poles" of mood, which is why it's called "bipolar" disorder. How severe it gets differs from person to person and can also change over time, becoming more or less severe. If you or someone you know has symptoms of bipolar disorder, talk to your family doctor or a psychiatrist. They will ask questions about mental illnesses that you, or the person you're concerned about, have had, and any mental illnesses that run in the family. How long have they lasted? How often do they happen? The most telling symptoms are those that involve highs or lows in mood, along with changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. Talking to close friends and family of the person can often help the doctor distinguish bipolar disorder from major depressive (unipolar) disorder or other psychiatric disorders that can involve changes in mood, thinking, and behavior.


Question: How can prostate cancer affect your daily life?

Answer: Those treatments are sometimes used to target prostate cancer when it's still only in the prostate. Loss of bladder control (incontinence), fatigue, and erectile dysfunction often go hand-in-hand with treatment. Men who have hormonal therapy may have hot flashes (similar to what many women have during menopause) or gain weight. Cancer that has spread to your bones can also be painful.


Question: What are my treatment options once my prostate cancer spreads?

Answer: When this type of cancer spreads (your doctor may say it has metastasized), it tends to first show up in the tissues or lymph nodes that are closest to the prostate gland. That usually means taking medication to lower the amount of androgen hormones (testosterone and DHT) in your body or prevent them from affecting cancer cells. A related but rarely used option is surgical castration. The doctor removes your testicles, where most of these hormones are made. If you don't like the idea of losing them, the doctor can fit you with silicone sacs to insert into your scrotum. They'll preserve the look and feel. If hormone therapy doesn't work, you might move on to vaccine therapy. The prostate cancer vaccine is designed to kick-start your immune system so it attacks cancer cells. Or your doctor might suggest chemotherapy. It might be a medication you take by mouth, or something your doctor injects into a vein. Men who have hormonal therapy may have hot flashes (similar to what many women have during menopause) or gain weight.


Question: What should you expect when prostate cancer spreads?

Answer: At that point, the chances of survival drop to 29%. You might think you'd know it if your cancer has spread, but that's not always true.


Question: What are some signs of trouble with prostate cancer?

Answer: What you choose will largely depend on how far the cancer has spread and what symptoms, if any, you have. This is why your follow-up doctor visits are important. You're most likely to find out the cancer has spread if your doctor tests your blood and finds high levels of prostate-specific antigen, or PSA. He might also find it with a digital rectal exam or on an X-ray or other test. If you do have symptoms, they often include trouble peeing or blood in your urine. You might also feel very tired, short of breath, or lose weight without trying. You're more likely to feel pain if the cancer has gone into your bones. Where it hurts will depend on which bones it affects. For instance, you might feel hip or back pain if cancer has spread into your pelvic bones.


Question: What causes strep throat?

Answer: Another culprit, especially in children and young adults, is the bacteria that creates strep throat. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is the formal name of the bacterium. These are usually signs of a virus or allergy.


Question: What do you need when you visit a doctor for strep throat?

Answer: When you have strep, you'll usually find that your throat is quite raw and it really hurts to swallow. You should call your doctor if you or a child in your care show any symptoms of strep or you see this rash.


Question: How can you treat strep throat?

Answer: But how can you tell if it's strep and not something else? You'll find that it comes on very fast, not gradually like many other kinds of sore throats. You might also see a red, sandpaper-like rash that starts in the face and neck area and then spreads to the rest of the body. You can spread it by close contact -- including sneezes and handshakes -- or sharing someone else's personal items.


Question: What if CPAP doesn't work for my sleep apnea?

Answer: The most widely used mouth device for sleep apnea, MADs look much like a mouth guard used in sports. The devices snap over the upper and lower dental arches and have metal hinges that make it possible for the lower jaw to be eased forward. Used less commonly than MAD, this device is a splint that holds the tongue in place to keep the airway open.


Question: How can radiation help treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. You might get radiation to treat AML that has spread to your brain and spinal cord, or to your bone. Radiation is sometimes also used before a stem cell transplant. Usually adult AML is treated with external radiation therapy, which is given from outside of your body.


Question: What is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?

Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Yet high-dose chemotherapy can also damage your bone marrow and cause a dangerous drop in your blood cell levels. Chemotherapy damages the leukemia cells and releases this protein, which can cause dangerous blood clots or severe bleeding.


Question: What are side effects of radiation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal blood cells. Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells. Side effects from radiation include: Sunburn-like redness of the skin Mouth sores -- if you get radiation to your head or neck Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea -- if you get radiation to your belly Fatigue Bleeding or bruising Increased risk of infection If AML treatments don't work for you, or if they stop working and your cancer begins to grow again, you have another option: You can try a clinical trial.


Question: What is arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?

Answer: This is the most common type of stem cell transplant. If you have APL, you'll get medicine to make your leukemia cells change into mature, healthy blood cells so they don't burst open and release their protein. Arsenic trioxide ( Trisenox). Side effects include tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, belly pain, heart rhythm problems, and nerve damage.


Question: What treatments work on acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Answer: AML treatments destroy unhealthy blood cells in your bone marrow and blood. Several different treatments work on AML: Chemotherapy Stem cell transplant Radiation Targeted therapy Your treatment will have two phases: Phase 1: Remission induction therapy. After treatment, your bone marrow should start to make healthy blood cells.


Question: When is surgery needed to treat heart failure?

Answer: Echocardiogram , an ultrasound test, to evaluate heart muscle function, to see how well the heart is pumping, and to detect problems with the heart valves that may cause heart failure. Some of these drugs may cause unwanted side effects. Heart transplants are used to treat severe CHF.


Question: What can happen from using medications for heart failure?

Answer: During the medical history your doctor will want to know if: You have any other health problems such as diabetes, kidney disease, angina (chest pain), high blood pressure, or other heart problems You smoke You drink alcohol, and if so, how much You are taking medications. They are prescribed when patients develop side effects to ACE inhibitors, such as cough or high potassium levels.


Question: What are the treatments for heart failure?

Answer: During the medical history your doctor will want to know if: You have any other health problems such as diabetes, kidney disease, angina (chest pain), high blood pressure, or other heart problems You smoke You drink alcohol, and if so, how much You are taking medications. You will need to work with your doctor to find the right balance of rest and activity -- mobility is important to keep blood circulating. You will also need to weigh yourself daily and record your weight to detect fluid retention. Your doctor will also prescribe several medications to manage your heart failure or the underlying problem that caused the heart failure.


Question: How do I know if I have heart failure?

Answer: Tests your doctor might order to diagnose heart failure include: Blood tests to check for anemia, thyroid problems, and high cholesterol, conditions that can be related to heart failure. Chest X-ray to see if the heart is enlarged and if the lungs are congested with fluid. If you smoke or chew tobacco, you'll be advised to stop.


Question: How do you treat polymorphous light eruption?

Answer: They include: Fatigue Chills Headache Nausea Treatment for PMLE depends on its severity. Other than staying out of the sun and protecting yourself when you are in the sun, you may not need treatment. The rash can clear by itself within 7 to 10 days. Other treatment or prevention for PMLE or solar urticaria may include: Steroids that go on your skin Sunscreen that says "broad-spectrum" on the label, which means it protects against the sun's UVA and UVB radiation Phototherapy with psoralen UV light ( PUVA) to desensitize skin to UV light


Question: How can you prevent sun poisoning?

Answer: Seek immediate medical care for these symptoms: A sunburn that forms blisters, covers a large area, or is very painful Facial swelling Fever and chills Upset stomach Headache, confusion, or faintness Signs of dehydration Follow the basics of sun safety: Wear a sunscreen that has an SPF of at least 30 and says "broad-spectrum" on the label, which means that it protects against the sun's UVA and UVB rays. Limit your sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., and remember that water, snow, and sand can intensify the sun's damaging rays. Wear sunglasses, a hat, and protective clothing. Check on your medications. Ask your doctor if anything you take might make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.


Question: How can inflammation from auto immune disease case dry eye?

Answer: One thing all these diseases have in common is inflammation, which can lead to pain, swelling, and other trouble. If you have diabetes, get your eyes checked regularly, perhaps every year, including the corneas. Inflammation damages your tear-making glands, so they can't make enough moisture to keep your eyes healthy. When you can't shut your eyes tight, your tears will evaporate too fast.


Question: How can lupus affect your eyes?

Answer: Inflammation can damage your tear glands, so they don't make enough fluid. If you don't have it and you have dry eyes, especially if your vision is blurry and you're often thirsty, too, you may want to get tested for diabetes.


Question: How common is arthritis?

Answer: Some of the more common types include: Osteoarthritis : This is the most common type of arthritis. It is a major cause of lost work time and serious disability for many people. Osteoarthritis, the most common form, affects more than 20 million Americans. Arthritis affects people of all ages, but is more common in older adults.


Question: What is lupus nephritis?

Answer: Lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematous ( SLE). With lupus, the body's immune system targets its own body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys. Up to 60% of lupus patients will develop lupus nephritis. When the kidneys are inflamed, they can't function normally and can leak protein. If not controlled, lupus nephritis can lead to kidney failure. Treatment is based on the type of lupus nephritis, which is determined by the biopsy.


Question: What lifestyle changes are recommended for lupus nephritis?

Answer: Certain lupus medications can also affect the kidneys and cause swelling and other symptoms similar to those of lupus nephritis. Medications to prevent blood clots or lower blood pressure if needed Even with treatment, loss of kidney function sometimes progresses. Limit cholesterol. Avoid medications that can affect the kidneys, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). Your doctor may also recommend that you eat a diet low in potassium, phosphorus, and protein if there is already loss of kidney function. Although lupus nephritis is a serious problem, most people who receive treatment do not go on to have kidney failure.


Question: How does postherpetic neuralgia develop?

Answer: After that runs its course, the virus then âhides outâ in your nervous system. Step 2: Sometimes this virus reawakens years later and travels along pathways to your skin. Lesions can erupt, often on one side of your torso or face. That's shingles. Step 3: In some cases, shingles can cause inflammation of your nerve fibers and roots and damage them. You feel the pain in the same areas where the rash broke out.


Question: How do you know if your itchy hands and feet are caused by eczema?

Answer: There are several different types that can show up anywhere on the body. But one type, called dyshidrotic dermatitis, affects only the hands and feet. Besides the urge to scratch, symptoms of dyshidrotic dermatitis include: Clear blisters Red, cracked skin Scaly skin Could It Be Scabies? One of these skin conditions is eruptive xanthomatosis, which can make hands and feet itch.


Question: How do you know if your itchy hands and feet are caused by allergies?

Answer: But one type, called dyshidrotic dermatitis, affects only the hands and feet. Your skin can have an allergic reaction to something you touch. Symptoms may not appear for a few hours after you touch the item you're allergic to. When they do appear, you may feel itchy and have: Rash Very dry skin Burning and stinging Hives Blisters In general, the answer hinges on what's making your hands and feet itch.


Question: What is the most common type of eczema?

Answer: But the skin irritation, which is more often seen in children rather than adults, is not an allergic reaction. A trigger is not something that causes eczema. The most common triggers are substances that irritate the skin.


Question: Is eczema an allergic reaction?

Answer: But the skin irritation, which is more often seen in children rather than adults, is not an allergic reaction. Even so, a large number of children who have eczema also have food allergies. That doesn't mean that certain foods such as dairy, eggs, and nuts -- common food allergy triggers in children with eczema -- cause it or make it worse. Before removing particular foods from your child's diet, talk with your health care provider to be sure your child's nutritional needs will be met.


Question: How common is occupational asthma?

Answer: Aggravation of preexisting asthma: This is by far the most common type. In up to 15% of people with disabling asthma in the United States, the condition is at least partly related to their work.


Question: What is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores, boils, or abscesses. Many public health experts are alarmed by the spread of tough strains of MRSA. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug." Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U. S. Usually, these are minor and don't need special treatment. Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.


Question: What causes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Answer: In fact, one third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses. But staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut. Once there, it can cause an infection. Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U. S. Usually, these are minor and don't need special treatment. Less often, staph can cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia. MRSA is carried by about 2% of the population (or 2 in 100 people), although most of them aren't infected.


Question: What are symptoms of menopause?

Answer: During this stage, menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes ease for most women. Other common symptoms around the time of menopause include: Irregular or skipped periods Insomnia Mood swings Fatigue Depression Irritability Racing heart Headaches Joint and muscle aches and pains Changes in libido (sex drive) Vaginal dryness Bladder control problems Not all women get all of these symptoms.


Question: Which foods should you avoid if you have bipolar disorder?

Answer: The problem is that caffeine can disrupt sleep. Caffeine can also cause nervousness, heart palpitations, and headaches, worsen high blood pressure, or cause irritation in the stomach or esophagus in people that have acid reflux. In addition to lowering caffeine, it's important to avoid high-fat meals with some bipolar medications. High-fat meals may delay the time it takes for some bipolar medications to be absorbed into your system. Talk to your doctor about your medications and necessary dietary changes. While some patients stop drinking when they are depressed, it is more common that someone with bipolar disorder drinks during low moods.


Question: Is there a diet for bipolar disorder?

Answer: There are no laboratory tests to diagnose bipolar disorder, and its symptoms can overlap with other psychiatric disorders. These choices include: Avoiding the " Western" style diet that's rich in red meats, saturated fats and trans fats, and simple carbohydrates. This eating style is linked to a higher risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. Eating less saturated fats and simple carbohydrates can help overall health but does not directly affect the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Eating a balance of protective, nutrient-dense foods. These foods include fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, lean meats, cold-water fish, eggs, low-fat dairy, soy products, and nuts and seeds. These foods provide the levels of nutrients necessary to maintain good health and prevent disease, in general. Watching caloric intake and exercising regularly to maintain a healthy weight. Some findings show that those with bipolar disorder may have a greater risk for being overweight or obese. Talk to your doctor about ways to avoid weight gain when taking bipolar medications.


Question: What happens during recovery from liposuction?

Answer: You'll want to have realistic expectations. ( If you're having a lot of fat removed, you should get the surgery done in a hospital, where you might stay overnight). She may also take photos to use later for before-and-after comparisons. Most people can return to work within a few days and get back to normal activities within 2 weeks. But every person is different.


Question: How will you know if your insurance covers liposuction?

Answer: Liposuction is a surgical procedure, and with it comes risks. Talk to your insurance company and your surgeon about the costs and payment options, as well as who pays if you have any complications.


Question: How can I get started with exercise if I have depression?

Answer: Begin by exercising for a few minutes or more on a few days of the week. Slowly build up to 30 minutes or more, 5 days a week. Break it up. Many people prefer to do shorter workouts throughout the day, and they vary the types they do. Pick something you enjoy. Get more everyday physical activity. Work it into your daily routine whenever and wherever you can.


Question: How can keeping your skin moist treat psoriasis?

Answer: It will help your skin retain moisture better. Think about what's most important to you and take time for it.


Question: What products should you avoid if you have psoriasis?

Answer: Hot temperatures and harsh soaps can be hard on skin that's already sensitive. These can inflame your sensitive skin. Feel the texture of the fabric of the clothes you buy. Make sure they are soft and comfortable. Avoid wool and mohair. They can irritate already inflamed skin.


Question: In whom is the flu most likely to cause hospitalization?

Answer: It often leads to a hospital stay, and sometimes it can be fatal. But this condition is easy to prevent, and the proper steps can keep you healthy during flu season. The flu can lead to: Pneumonia Dehydration Worsening of chronic conditions such as asthma, emphysema, and heart disease Call your doctor immediately if you have any of these symptoms: You have trouble breathing with the flu.


Question: Where do you get a flu shot?

Answer: The best way to prevent it is to get an annual flu vaccine. It makes a big difference in hospitalization and death rates among older adults who live at home and those in nursing homes. That's in addition to local health departments and many doctors' offices.


Question: When is the best time to get the flu shot?

Answer: The best way to prevent it is to get an annual flu vaccine. It has four times as much active ingredient as a regular flu shot to provide a better immune response in older people. It takes about 2 weeks for the flu shot to protect you. If you don't get it early, getting a flu shot later still helps.


Question: What's in kombucha?

Answer: Kombucha is a fizzy, sweet-and-sour drink made with tea. The mix is set aside for a week or more. This process is known as fermentation, and it's similar to how cabbage is preserved as sauerkraut or kimchi, or how milk is turned into yogurt. Kombucha has sugar and caffeine, as well as B vitamins.


Question: What is a pheochromocytoma?

Answer: But they can be dangerous and should be treated right away. It can shorten your recovery time. If you have tumors in both glands, your surgeon may remove just the tumors and leave part of the glands.


Question: How can other health problems cause a toothache?

Answer: The pulp can become infected, and that can lead to a buildup of pus called an abscess. You may feel dull pain in your teeth or jaw or get headaches. It can come from: Certain kinds of headaches, like cluster and migraine Clogged or infected sinuses Problems in the joint or muscles that connect your jaw to your skull In rare cases, a heart attack can cause tooth pain. It's also a symptom of certain nerve diseases.


Question: How do biologics help treat anklyosing spondilitis?

Answer: Still, NSAIDs do not treat the problems with your immune system when you have AS. Others focus on proteins that may trigger inflammation.


Question: What new treatments are being researched for ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer: They target your body's production of specific proteins that cause inflammation. Others focus on proteins that may trigger inflammation. Researchers hope to come up with new drugs to stop AS before it can damage your back and other joints.


Question: What is the first step in treating panic attacks?

Answer: So your doctor will probably start by giving you a complete physical exam. That way, she can make sure that the symptoms aren't coming from a disease you didn't know about. If no medical condition like that shows up, your doctor may send you to talk to a psychologist or psychiatrist trained to recognize when someone has been having panic attacks. Your doctor will combine the counselor's input with her own observations to diagnose what's wrong. When someone has attacks repeatedly, doctors call the condition panic disorder. That also can help make the attacks go away.


Question: How much aerobic exercise do I need if I have diabetes and why?

Answer: Experts say people with diabetes should shoot for: 150 minutes or more of aerobic exercise each week. Studies have shown that regular aerobic exercise can make insulin work better and lower blood sugar long-term. Diabetes and Exercise: Ideas to Get You Moving Best Diabetes Exercises Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, just about any activity that gets your heart rate up or builds strength is a good idea.


Question: How often should I check my blood sugar while exercising if I have diabetes?

Answer: You may also be afraid of your blood sugars dropping too low. You don't have to give them up if you know how to change them. Before and after exercise, check your feet for sores, blisters, or other signs of irritation. Learn how to treat signs of low blood sugar and what types of snacks to eat to prevent them.


Question: How can I combine relaxation with exercise?

Answer: Diabetes and Exercise: Ideas to Get You Moving If you have diabetes, your doctor may have been telling you for ages: You need to exercise more. Set up a home treadmill, exercise bike, or exercise mat in front of the TV. Choose a couple of shows that you watch only when you're moving. Or divide watching a movie into 30-minute sessions, working out during each. You'll do most of your 150 minutes of aerobic exercise in just one movie.


Question: How can I make more time for exercise?

Answer: Or divide watching a movie into 30-minute sessions, working out during each. Call a friend or relative when you're on a walk. Save a book or favorite magazine to read while you're on an exercise bike.


Question: What low-stress exercises can I do if I have diabetes?

Answer: And it makes you less likely to have health problems linked to diabetes, like heart disease. If you have type 1 diabetes, do not exercise if your blood sugar is greater than 250 mg/d L and your ketones are positive. Then, a few weeks or months later, the routine fizzles out -- and the yoga mat, squash racquet, or Rollerblades gather dust in the garage.


Question: Do I need to check for ketones while exercising if I have diabetes?

Answer: Some studies show that both are good ways to lower blood sugar if you have type 2 diabetes. This could mean you have low insulin levels and exercise will raise your blood sugar level.


Question: If I have diabetes, do I really need to exercise?

Answer: Diabetes and Exercise: Ideas to Get You Moving If you have diabetes, your doctor may have been telling you for ages: You need to exercise more. Staying active helps you control your blood sugar and cuts your odds of heart problems and other health issues diabetes can cause. And diabetes can make it harder. Issues such as nerve damage, eye disease, and fatigue may all make it tough to stay fit. You may also be afraid of your blood sugars dropping too low. â But it's a misconception that simple, nutritious foods can't be absolutely bursting with... Read the 6 Low- Carb Food Makeovers article > > But you can do it -- even if you've never liked exercise and don't know where to start. Diabetes and Exercise: Change It Up It happens: You think you've finally found an exercise routine you can stick with forever.


Question: What is personalized medicine for cancer?

Answer: It's likely you've seen terms like âpersonalized medicine,â âprecision medicine,â or âtargeted drugs.â What are these things? It uses information about you and your tumor to figure out what's driving the disease and create a plan just for you.


Question: How are patients matched with personal medicines for cancer?

Answer: Scientists also now know that genetically, one person's breast cancer may be more similar to another person's stomach tumor than to other breast cancers. They include imatinib ( Gleevec), a drug used on chronic myelogenous leukemia, and the breast cancer drug trastuzumab ( Herceptin). Tumor genetics can also tell doctors which drugs won't work. For example, if your colon cancer has a genetic mutation called KRAS, doctors won't give you two common colon cancer drugs because they know they won't work. Many clinical centers do something called tumor profiling. Your doctor takes a look at your tumor's genes. If he thinks your cancer may have specific mutations, he might start you on a specific drug that is tailored for the genetic mutation found in your cancer cells. For instance, if you have breast cancer, a genetic test would tell him if Herceptin might work for you. Profiling can also help if other treatment options, like chemotherapy, haven't worked for you. A genetic mutation might point your medical team toward an unexpected drug, like one originally designed for another type of cancer.


Question: How is photodynamic therapy (PDT) used to treat Stage 0 lung cancer?

Answer: Photodynamic therapy ( PDT): This process uses a drug called a photosensitizer and a certain type of light to create a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells. It can help shrink tumors without the side effects of other drugs. Stage III has three subtypes: How It's Defined If the cancer has spread only to lymph nodes on the same side of the chest where it began, it's called stage IIIA.


Question: How is brachytherapy used to treat Stage 0 lung cancer?

Answer: Brachytherapy: This is a form of internal radiation where radioactive material is put into a tumor or into an airway next to a tumor. Surgery: If you're healthy enough, the doctor will likely recommend one of the following: Lobectomy Sleeve resection Pneumonectomy After surgery, your doctor will check the tissue he removed to see if cancer cells are at the edges. Treatments: Chemotherapy and radiation: A cancer that's spread to distant sites in your body can be hard to cure.


Question: Which surgical procedures are used to treat stage II lung cancer?

Answer: Sleeve resection Segmentectomy or wedge resection (for tumors smaller than 2 centimeters across) Lobectomy Chemotherapy: With any of these surgeries, nearby lymph nodes are also removed to see if the cancer has spread. Surgery: If you're healthy enough, the doctor will likely recommend one of the following: Lobectomy Sleeve resection Pneumonectomy After surgery, your doctor will check the tissue he removed to see if cancer cells are at the edges. If so, you may need another operation to remove more cancer cells.


Question: How do you prevent weight gain during menopause?

Answer: Here's what helps: Eat a bit less. Pounds gained now may be more likely to go right to your middle. Since your goal should be to lessen weight gain overall, eating just 200 fewer calories a day in your 50s can help. Eat healthier. They ditched sugary drinks, fried foods, meats, cheese, and desserts for fish, fruits, and vegetables. Maintain muscle.


Question: How can regular exercise help prevent weight gain during menopause?

Answer: Here's what helps: Eat a bit less. Maintain muscle. Walking, jogging, and strength training also help you shed pounds.


Question: Why does weight gain strike around the time of menopause?

Answer: Falling hormone levels, plus your genes, cause your body to store fat in new places after menopause. Whatever the cause, more menopausal women in the U. S. are overweight than at their normal weight. Maintain muscle.


Question: How can menopause cause weight gain?

Answer: But because extra pounds can creep on as women age, a spare tire around the middle has often been dubbed the "meno-pot" or "meno-pudge." What doesn't add pounds?


Question: What are the phases of swallowing?

Answer: The act of swallowing normally happens in three phases. The food is thrust from the oral cavity into the throat (pharynx). At the same time, two other things happen: A muscular valve at the bottom of the pharynx opens, allowing food to enter the esophagus, and other muscles close the airway (trachea) to prevent food from entering the airways. The third phase starts when food enters the esophagus. As the esophagus contracts, a muscular valve at the end of the esophagus opens and food is propelled into the stomach.


Question: What should you do after you begin exercising for weight gain after menopause?

Answer: Before you begin exercising: Talk to your doctor about a new exercise program. To do this, choose an activity that gently works major muscles. Before you work out, stretch the muscles that will absorb most of the shock of your exercise routine. If you have any new pain while exercising, stop and let your doctor know. Gradually boost the distance, length, or intensity of your workout. Mix it up. Do different exercises to keep from getting bored and to keep your body challenged.


Question: What are good exercise choices for weight gain after menopause?

Answer: Here's what you need to know about the risks of weight gain and how exercise can help you lose weight and keep it off after menopause. Strength training, or a weight-resistance exercise program, helps build muscle mass and improve metabolism. Strength training also helps you maintain bone mass. Because you lose muscle mass as you age, add strength training to your workouts, if you haven't before. Aim for two or three times a week. Examples of strength training include weight machines, dumbbells, exercise bands, yoga, and gardening. Low-impact aerobics are good for your heart and lungs. Walking, for example, is one of the best choices, because you can do it anywhere, anytime. Other examples of aerobic exercises include swimming, cycling, aerobics, tennis, and dance. Exercise moderately for at least 30 minutes most, if not all, days of the week. Whenever you can, add activity to your day. Wash the car, play hide and seek with your kids or grandchildren, get in a game of ping pong, etc.


Question: How does exercise help with weight gain after menopause?

Answer: For example: You're less likely to exercise. And exercising while you're in the process of losing weight -- as well as after you've lost it -- may be critical to maintaining weight loss.


Question: Can osteoarthritis make your joints lock up?

Answer: Your joints, especially hips or knees, lock up or buckle under you. You may also lose your balance at times and feel weak in your muscles. When your symptoms act up.


Question: Who should I talk to before my child takes a break from ADHD medication?

Answer: It may be a good idea for some kids, but talk with the doctor about what's right for your child. You'll want to make sure they understand what she's going through and will tell you if her behavior changes. Your doctor may recommend lowering your child's dosage or switching to another medication instead.


Question: Will a break from ADHD medication ease side effects?

Answer: A medication break can ease side effects. But it won't make them sick or cause other side effects.


Question: How many people will be diagnosed with breast cancer?

Answer: In 2015 (the latest year for which statistics are available), the risk was just over 12% -- or more than one in 8. In many cases, it's not known why a woman gets breast cancer. A woman with a history of cancer in one breast, such as ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS) or invasive breast cancer, is three to four times likelier to develop a new breast cancer, unrelated to the first one, in either the other breast or in another part of the same breast.


Question: How common is lower back pain?

Answer: If you're having pain, it's important to figure out why. Age is usually the reason, but sports and injuries can be culprits, too. Any one of these can cause pain in your lower back.


Question: Can lower back pain be caused by other things that are going on in your body?

Answer: Lower back pain can also be caused by other things that are going on in your body. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: If the blood vessel that supplies blood to your belly, pelvis, and legs is at risk of rupturing, you'll feel sudden pain in your lower back. Pregnancy: All that weight out front can put a real strain on your back. Other issues: Low back pain can also happen because of things like: Kidney stones Endometriosis, a buildup of uterine tissue outside the uterus Fibromyalgia, a condition that causes widespread muscle pain


Question: How can stress lead to lower back pain?

Answer: And the pain can feel much worse if you're also depressed or anxious. Sciatica: This may be your cause if you have a sharp pain in your lower back or hip.


Question: What happens during a needle bone biopsy?

Answer: Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. Then the doctor places the needle into the bone to take out the sample. She uses a very thin one in a fine needle biopsy to remove a small sample of cells or tissue. She uses a larger one to get a bigger piece of bone in a core needle biopsy. You might feel some pressure when the needle goes in and the sample is taken out. A bandage is placed over the area to stop the bleeding.


Question: What happens during an open bone biopsy?

Answer: Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. The doctor makes a small cut in your skin over the bone and removes a piece of it. She closes the hole in your skin with stitches or tape strips.


Question: What are bone biopsy tests used for?

Answer: These tests can show whether you have cancer or another problem. It can help your doctor diagnose you and find the right treatment.


Question: What are the symptoms of E. coli infection?

Answer: This happens more with ground meat because it comes from more than one animal. You'll probably start to feel ill 2 to 5 days after you've taken in the E. coli bacteria. The most common symptoms are: Abdominal cramps Diarrhea, which may be bloody Nausea Constant fatigue You may not have a fever. If you do, it may be slight. Healthy people infected with E. coli usually feel better within a week.


Question: What can you do about the hair from hirsutism?

Answer: Tweezing or threading. Doctors can prescribe drugs that change the way your body grows hair. When you stop using the medication, hair will grow back, though.


Question: What is hirsutism?

Answer: If you're a woman and you have a lot of hair growing in places where it normally does just for men, like your upper lip, chin, chest, stomach, or back, that's a condition called hirsutism. The hair is often dark and coarse, instead of the light, fine âpeach fuzzâ that covers most of the body. It's often caused by genes, hormones, or medication. If your mother or sisters have it, you're more likely to get it.


Question: Does hirsutism run in families?

Answer: If you're a woman and you have a lot of hair growing in places where it normally does just for men, like your upper lip, chin, chest, stomach, or back, that's a condition called hirsutism. It's also more common in people from the Middle East, South Asia, and the Mediterranean.


Question: What causes fragile X syndrome?

Answer: This condition can also cause health problems like: Seizures Hearing problems Vision problems Heart problems The FMR1 gene, which is on the X chromosome, makes a protein called FMR that helps nerve cells talk to one another. A child needs this protein for his brain to develop normally. Children with fragile X make too little or none of it. People with this condition also have more copies than usual of a DNA segment known as CGG. In most people, this segment repeats five to 40 times. In people with fragile X, it repeats more than 200 times. The more times this DNA segment repeats, the more serious the symptoms are. This is because girls have two copies of the X chromosome.


Question: How severe is fragile X syndrome?

Answer: Medicines and other treatments can improve their behavior and physical symptoms. Boys are more likely to have fragile X than girls, and they have more severe symptoms. As the child gets older, learning and behavior problems can start. Options include: Special education to help with learning ( IEP and 504 are education plans that guide the school in providing support) Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks Behavior therapy Medicines to prevent seizures, manage ADD symptoms like hyperactivity, and treat other behavioral problems The earlier you start treatment, the better.


Question: Is motion sickness a new concept?

Answer: The saccule and utricle are sensitive to gravity. The result is the same: motion sickness. If you can, get a seat over the wing if you're flying, an upper-deck cabin if you're sailing, or a front-seat spot if you're in a car.


Question: What are some natural remedies for motion sickness?

Answer: If you're on a boat, look at the horizon. There's some scientific proof that this root, long used as a folk remedy to fight nausea, is effective. But it may act as a blood thinner. Talk to your doctor first before you use it. Mint. Some people say that stimulating a certain point just below the wrist helps ease their nausea.


Question: Why do some people get acne and others don't?

Answer: The exact cause of acne is not known, but hormones called androgens can play a role. Androgens increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Androgens make the skin's oil glands get larger and make more sebum. Androgens also can increase because of hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills. Genetics may also matter. If your parents had acne, you may have inherited that tendency. Acne is not caused by dirt.


Question: What are some tips to prevent acne?

Answer: The black color is not from dirt. It is believed to reduce the size of the oil glands so that much less oil is produced and to help prevent clogged pores. Use oil-free or noncomedogenic products (those that won't clog pores) on your face. Don't squeeze or pick blemishes. Popping pimples can drive acne bacteria deeper into the skin. Picking can lead to more inflammation and permanent scarring.


Question: How can capsaicin creams, gels, or patches help my knee pain?

Answer: When your pain is severe or you can't move your knee, you should call your doctor. So check the label on everything you take so you don't accidentally overdose.


Question: What are common side effects of NSAIDs?

Answer: When your pain is severe or you can't move your knee, you should call your doctor. The downside is that neither of these types of shots will help everyone.


Question: How can hyaluronic acid help treat knee pain?

Answer: Your doctor can give you a shot into your knee, after numbing it, to deliver medicine directly to your joint. Some people who got injections of it into their knee were able to move easier and hurt less for as long as 6 months. The downside is that neither of these types of shots will help everyone. They can also cause discolored skin where you got the shot, infection, and weakened tendons, which connect muscles to bones.


Question: What's the procedure for having a tooth bonded?

Answer: Anesthesia is often not necessary unless the bonding is being used to fill a decayed tooth, the tooth needs to be drilled to change its shape, or the chip is near the nerve. Your dentist will use a shade guide to select a composite resin color that will closely match the color of your tooth. Next, the surface of the tooth will be roughened and a conditioning liquid applied. These procedures help the bonding material adhere to the tooth. The tooth-colored, putty-like resin is then applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A bright, usually blue, light, or laser is then used to harden the material. After the material is hardened, your dentist will further trim and shape it, and polish it to match the sheen of the rest of the tooth surface. Generally, bonding can range in cost from $100 to $400 per tooth.


Question: What happens after the tests and exams for Crohn's disease?

Answer: You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. You should avoid it if: You have an obstruction in the small intestine.


Question: What happens during a colonoscopy or a sigmoidoscopy for Crohn's disease?

Answer: He'll inflate them and deflate the balloons to move the tube through your intestine. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy: Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy allow your doctor to directly view the large intestine, which is the lower part of the digestive tract. A colonoscopy can provide a view of all of the large intestine and often the end of the small intestine, which is frequently affected by Crohn's. In either case, the doctor can directly view the colon to check for signs of ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding. The doctor can also take small samples of tissue to examine under a microscope, known as a biopsy. This helps determine whether the tissue shows signs of Crohn's disease or other problems.\ Computed tomography ( CT) scan: CT scanning uses computer-aided X-ray techniques to make more detailed images of the abdomen and pelvis than can be seen in traditional X-rays.


Question: What are the goals of tests and exams to diagnose Crohn's disease?

Answer: To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources. You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease.


Question: What is fibromyalgia?

Answer: Fibromyalgia is the second most common condition affecting your bones and muscles. But a combination of medication, exercise, managing your stress, and healthy habits may ease your symptoms enough that you can live a normal, active life. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and drugs that help you sleep.


Question: What causes fibromyalgia?

Answer: We do know certain things suggest you're more likely to get it: You're a woman. You have another painful disease, such as arthritis, or an infection. You have a mood disorder, like anxiety or depression. You were physically or emotionally abused or have PTSD. You rarely exercise. Other family members have it. If your doctor can't find another reason for how you feel, they'll use a two-part scoring system to measure how widespread your pain has been and how much your symptoms affect your daily life.


Question: How can nutritionist and dietitian help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: She will prescribe the medicines you need, such as an antiretroviral medication to control the HIV virus to help you stay well for many years. This doctor is trained to diagnose and manage infections like HIV.


Question: How can a pharmacist help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: You choose which you want to work with. This professional can answer your questions about drug safety and side effects. Many offer vaccines, including the flu shot, which people with HIV need every year.


Question: How can a primary HIV care provider help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Your primary provider could be a medical doctor ( MD, DO), a physician assistant ( PA), or a nurse practitioner ( NP). You choose which you want to work with. It's best to find someone you're comfortable with because this person will be your main point of contact for a long time. She will prescribe the medicines you need, such as an antiretroviral medication to control the HIV virus to help you stay well for many years. If your primary HIV care provider is not an expert in infectious diseases, she may refer you to one. Your treatment involves caring for both your body and your mind.


Question: How can a mental health provider help you manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: This is your team leader, the person who plans your treatment and watches your progress. That can be life threatening in people with HIV. She can offer support and teach you ways to handle issues.


Question: What kind of rewards won't motivate a child with ADHD?

Answer: You can't just tell a child with ADHD to go clean her room. That kind of goal is too abstract and too far off to inspire a kid with ADHD.


Question: How can I help my child complete chores on their own?

Answer: That chore is too big for a kid who's easily distracted. Write them down, so your kid can check off the tasks as she finishes each one. Add a picture of the clean room to the checklist so she can see the goal.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose viral pneumonia?

Answer: Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. These might include: A pulse oximetry (a small gizmo clipped to your finger checks for enough oxygen in your blood) Blood tests Tests of the gunk you cough up (sputum tests) CT scan to look more closely at your lungs A pleural fluid culture (where your doctor takes some fluid from your chest through a needle) Bronchoscopy -- a look into your lungs through a scope Your doctor won't prescribe antibiotics, because they don't kill viruses.


Question: Why won't your doctor prescribe antibiotics for viral pneumonia?

Answer: Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus. These might include: A pulse oximetry (a small gizmo clipped to your finger checks for enough oxygen in your blood) Blood tests Tests of the gunk you cough up (sputum tests) CT scan to look more closely at your lungs A pleural fluid culture (where your doctor takes some fluid from your chest through a needle) Bronchoscopy -- a look into your lungs through a scope Your doctor won't prescribe antibiotics, because they don't kill viruses. Usually, viral pneumonia just has to run its course. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe an antiviral medication. He might also suggest medication for pain and fever.


Question: How soon will you feel better after your treatment for viral pneumonia?

Answer: Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. Usually, viral pneumonia just has to run its course. This usually takes a few days. But you might not feel completely better for about 1 to 3 weeks. If you're elderly or have other medical conditions, your recovery could take longer. Make sure you keep your follow-up appointments so your doctor can check your lungs.


Question: What can you expect in your hospital stay for viral pneumonia?

Answer: The most common cause is the flu, but you can also get viral pneumonia from the common cold and other viruses. Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. But if your case is stubborn or severe, and you do have to go to the hospital, you might get: Oxygen treatment IV fluids and medications Treatments to help loosen up the gunk


Question: What are symptoms on the first day of viral pneumonia?

Answer: On the first day it feels like the flu, with symptoms like: Fever Dry cough Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Muscle pain After a day or so your fever might get worse. Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health. This usually takes a few days.


Question: What can you do to feel better while treating viral pneumonia?

Answer: Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus. Usually, viral pneumonia just has to run its course. Here are some things you can do that will help you feel better: Get lots of rest. Drink plenty of fluids. They'll loosen up the gunk in your lungs so you can cough it out. Use a humidifier or take a warm bath (more gunk-loosening). Don't smoke. Stay home until your fever goes down and you're not coughing anything out.


Question: Who is more likely to get viral pneumonia?

Answer: You have a higher chance of getting viral pneumonia if you: Are 65 or older Have chronic (ongoing) conditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease Are recovering from surgery Don't eat right or get enough vitamins and minerals Have another condition that weakens your body's defenses Smoke Drink too much alcohol Are HIV positive Recently had an organ transplant Have leukemia, lymphoma, or severe kidney disease Viral pneumonia usually moves in steadily over a few days. Your doctor might be able to tell if you have viral pneumonia just by examining you and asking questions about your symptoms and general health.


Question: Who should get tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's the virus that causes AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clinics that do HIV tests keep your results secret. Some may even do tests anonymously, without ever taking your name. You can also buy test kits at the drugstore and take the test at home. If you're at high risk, because you use needles for drugs or have multiple sex partners, for example, you should get tested at least once a year. If you've been stuck by a needle or been in contact with a lot of blood from a person you aren't sure is negative for HIV, you should get tested, too.


Question: How can you protect yourself from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?+F157

Answer: It's the virus that causes AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome. You can get HIV when an infected person's body fluids -- including blood, semen, fluids from the vagina, or breast milk -- get into your blood. They could get HIV after being poked with needles that have HIV-infected blood or after infected blood gets on an open cut or splashes into their eyes or inside their nose. The only way to know if you have HIV is to take an HIV test. If you're at high risk, because you use needles for drugs or have multiple sex partners, for example, you should get tested at least once a year. If you don't, the virus can change into a strain that is harder to treat.


Question: How can you get human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's the virus that causes AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome. You can get HIV when an infected person's body fluids -- including blood, semen, fluids from the vagina, or breast milk -- get into your blood. People commonly get HIV from: Having unprotected sex with an infected person Sharing a needle to take drugs Dirty needles used for a tattoo or in body piercing Mothers with HIV also can give the virus to their babies, before or when they're born or through breastfeeding.


Question: What should you do if you have side effects while taking antiretroviral (ARV) in your treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: This is called ART, for antiretroviral therapy, and each medicine is an ARV, or antiretroviral. Although the great majority of persons tolerate ARVs very well, these medicines can cause side effects, including: Nausea, upset stomach Skin rash or yellowing skin Fatigue Strange dreams or insomnia Losing or gaining body fat Lidney or liver problems Brittle bones If you develop these or other symptoms while taking ARVs, you should contact your doctor before stopping the drugs. There may be ways to treat the symptoms rather than having to stop the life-saving ARV drugs.


Question: How will you know if you have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's the virus that causes AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The best way to protect yourself from HIV is to avoid activities that put you at risk. Most look for antibodies that fight the virus or traces of the virus itself in your blood, but you can also check urine or fluid from your mouth (not saliva). A positive test means that there were traces of HIV; a negative test means that no signs of HIV were found. Some kinds of tests can give a result in 20-30 minutes. Most tests can't detect HIV right after infection, because it takes usually takes 2-8 weeks for your body to make antibodies or for enough virus to grow inside you. It may take up to 6 months before you'll see a positive result, which means an early test could be negative even though you're infected.


Question: How can treatments help you deal with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: The only way to know if you have HIV is to take an HIV test. Today, a variety of treatments can significantly slow down, and sometimes stop altogether, the progress of HIV infection. After you're diagnosed, your doctor will start you on a treatment plan with different types of anti- HIV drugs. This is called ART, for antiretroviral therapy, and each medicine is an ARV, or antiretroviral.


Question: What is an MRI for prostate cancer?

Answer: Instead, MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce these images. In prostate cancer patients, MRI may be used to examine the prostate and nearby lymph nodes to distinguish between benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) areas. Certain MRI exams require an injection of a dye (contrast material).


Question: What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

Answer: Not everyone who has HIV will get AIDS, but without treatment with antriretroviral drugs the infection will progress to AIDS. That usually happens in 10-15 years, according to the World Health Organization. When you have HIV, your doctor will watch the amount of the virus in your system. The amount of time it takes for HIV to become AIDS is different for everyone.


Question: What are warnings signs that you may have AIDS?

Answer: HIV is a virus. Warning signs that you may have AIDS include: Sudden weight loss Night sweats Fever that keeps coming back Feeling very tired for no reason Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week Sores in your mouth, in your anal area, or on your genitals Pneumonia Blotches on your skin or inside your mouth, nose, or eyelids Memory loss Depression More than 25 drugs are approved to treat HIV.


Question: Can steroids help Crohn's disease?

Answer: These are one of the oldest treatments for Crohn's disease. Your doctor may suggest one: If your case is mild to moderate If other drugs aren't helping If your symptoms are severe right away Your doctor may call them corticosteroids, but most people just call them steroids. Once your symptoms get better, you may continue to take them to prevent flare-ups.


Question: What are types of steroids to take for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Steroid drugs you take by mouth include: Budesonide ( Entocort EC) Prednisone ( Prednisone Intensol, Rayos) Budesonide lowers inflammation only in the intestine when you take it as a capsule. Because it's designed to dissolve in the small intestine, it may cause fewer side effects than other steroids. If your Crohn's disease is severe, or it's in many parts of your intestines, you may need a higher dose through an IV. There's some question about how effective these drugs are for Crohn's.


Question: Are there drugs to help ease Crohn's disease flare ups?

Answer: Inflammation in your intestines causes symptoms like belly pain and diarrhea. Anti-inflammatory drugs ease them and may even keep them away for years. Although they aren't a cure, they can help you feel much better. Your doctor will help you decide which one is best for you. Once your symptoms get better, you may continue to take them to prevent flare-ups.


Question: Do infections cause vasculitis?

Answer: Vasculitis also may be related to other diseases of the immune system that the person has had for months or years. For example, it could be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or SjÃ¶gren's syndrome. If alternate blood vessels (called collateral blood vessels) are not available in sufficient quantity to carry the blood to such sites, the tissue supplied by the affected vessels will die.


Question: What are the symptoms of vasculitis?

Answer: In many cases, the cause of vasculitis is unknown. Because vasculitis can occur in any part of the body, any tissue or organ can be affected. Vasculitis in the brain may cause a stroke, or in the heart, may result in a heart attack. Sometimes the symptoms may be as general as fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of energy. If you suffer any unusual symptoms, see your doctor. Tocilizumab is given as an injection under the skin to lower the dose of steroids that a person needs.


Question: Why do mouth disease and tooth decay cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: To check, pull her lip back toward her ear. Are they brown? Are the gums red, swollen, or even bleeding? Try a professional cleaning first, and then brush her teeth daily. Have your vet check for gingivitis, mouth ulcers, and tumors. If this happens when you put her in teh car to take her to the vet, try putting her in her carrier in the back seat without driving anywhere.


Question: How does motion sickness cause cats to drool and how can I fix this?

Answer: Stress: Open-mouth panting and breathing are signs of anxiety. If this happens when you put her in teh car to take her to the vet, try putting her in her carrier in the back seat without driving anywhere. Then, slowly work up to backing out of the driveway and driving around the block. Gradually repeat the routine as needed to ease her stress. You can also drape a breathable cloth over the carrier before heading out, so she doesn’t panic.


Question: What steps can help prevent conversion disorder?

Answer: They cause you stress in social and work settings. There is no specific medication to treat conversion disorder. If you're already living with a mental health disorder, see your doctor regularly and take your recommended medications to help with prevention, as well.


Question: What else are pacemakers used to treat besides heart rate?

Answer: A pacemaker may also be used to treat fainting spells (syncope), congestive heart failure, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The leads are wires that are threaded through the veins into the heart and implanted into the heart muscle. This is called "pacing" and involves delivering small amounts of energy through the leads into the heart muscle.


Question: When should you call your doctor about the pacemaker procedure?

Answer: You will be given a medication through your IV to relax you and make you drowsy, but it will not put you to sleep. Keep your wound clean and dry. Look at your wound every day to make sure it is healing. Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage, bleeding, or oozing from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the site Warmth along the site Increased body temperature (fever or chills) Your pacemaker settings will be checked before you leave the hospital.


Question: How is the type of pacemaker and heart rate chosen?

Answer: The pacemaker may have one to three leads, depending on the type of pacemaker needed to treat your heart problem. The doctor programs the minimum heart rate. When your heart rate drops below that set rate, your pacemaker generates (fires) an electrical impulse that passes through the lead to the heart muscle. This causes the heart muscle to contract, creating a heartbeat.


Question: How are pacemakers implanted with the epicardial approach?

Answer: Epicardial approach. This technique is more commonly used in children than adults. General anesthesia is given to put you to sleep. The surgeon attaches the lead tip to the heart muscle, while the other end of the lead (attached to the pulse generator) is placed in a pocket created under the skin in the abdomen. Although recovery with the epicardial approach is longer than that of the transvenous approach, minimally invasive techniques have enabled shorter hospital stays and quicker recovery times. The doctor will determine, which pacemaker implant method is best for you. Once this occurs, an incision will be made to insert the pacemaker and leads.


Question: How are pacemakers implanted with the endocardial approach?

Answer: Pacemakers are implanted two ways: Endocardial approach. An incision is made in the chest where the leads and pacemaker are inserted. The lead(s) is inserted through the incision and into a vein, then guided to the heart with the aid of the x-ray machine. The lead tip attaches to the heart muscle, while the other end of the lead (attached to the pulse generator) is placed in a pocket created under the skin in the upper chest. The doctor will numb your skin by injecting a local numbing medication.


Question: What can you do to improve your posture?

Answer: Some of these muscles move your torso by flexing, extending, or rotating your spine. Others stabilize your pelvis and spine in a natural, neutral position. Old-style sit-ups used only a few of these muscles, often with jerky momentum. Today's yoga, Pilates, and core fitness programs target your entire core with slow, controlled movements to get the most out of your workout. Repeat five to 10 times, adding more as your core gets stronger Increase the Intensity: The closer your straight leg is to the floor, the harder the work for your core.


Question: What are popular screening methods for breast cancer?

Answer: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the U. The images are checked for anything irregular, and doctors also look for changes from previous tests. The images were recorded on film for many years. But now digital mammograms can store and analyze the information using a computer. She then takes images of your breast from top to bottom and side to side.


Question: How common is breast cancer in the United States?

Answer: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the U. The images are checked for anything irregular, and doctors also look for changes from previous tests. Breast cancer was found in 335 of the women.


Question: How does Belviq work as a prescription weight loss drug?

Answer: Approved for long-term use? How it works: Curbs your appetite.


Question: How does orlistat (Xenical) work as a prescription weight loss drug?

Answer: How it works: Blocks your body from absorbing about a third of the fat you eat. When a doctor prescribes orlistat, it's called Xenical. If you get it without a prescription, it's called Alli, which has half of Xenical's dose. Approved for long-term use?


Question: What are the side effect of phentermine as a prescription weight loss drug?

Answer: Also, take a multivitamin at least 2 hours before or after taking orlistat, because the drug temporarily makes it harder for your body to absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K. Orlistat is the only drug of its kind that's approved in the U. S. All other prescription weight loss drugs curb your appetite, including the following. Side effects: The most common side effects include nausea, constipation, headache, vomiting, dizziness, insomnia, and dry mouth. The drug can also increase blood pressure and heart rate. What else you should know: If you don't lose 5% of your weight after 12 weeks of taking Contrave, your doctor may tell you to stop taking it, because it's unlikely to work for you, the FDA says. Liraglutide has been shown in studies to cause thyroid tumors in animals, but it is not yet known if it can cause thyroid cancer in humans.


Question: How does Saxenda work as a prescription weight loss drug?

Answer: Approved for long-term use? How it works: Liraglutide is a higher dose of the type 2 diabetes drug Victoza. It mimics an intestinal hormone that tells the brain your stomach is full.


Question: What is the role of the bladder?

Answer: Tubes called ureters carry the pee from your kidneys to your bladder. When you use the bathroom, the muscles in your bladder push the urine out through a tube called the urethra. In severe cases, it can spread to distant parts of your body, including your bones, lungs, or liver.


Question: How common is bladder cancer?

Answer: It accounts for just 5% of all new cancers in the U. S. Doctors aren't sure. The 5-year survival rate for bladder cancer is about 77%.


Question: How can taking certain diabetes medications cause bladder cancer?

Answer: If you have bladder infections that keep coming back or another condition that causes your bladder to be irritated for long periods of time, you stand a better chance of getting bladder cancer. Other diabetes meds that contain pioglitazone ( Actoplus Met and Duetact) can also raise your risk.


Question: How can prior chemo or radiation therapy cause bladder cancer?

Answer: If you or someone in your immediate family (parents or siblings) has had cancer of the bladder or the urinary tract before, you're more likely to get it. If you've taken pioglitazone ( Actos) for more than a year, you may stand a greater chance of getting bladder cancer.


Question: How can you get bladder cancer?

Answer: Over time, a tumor forms. It can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other organs. In severe cases, it can spread to distant parts of your body, including your bones, lungs, or liver. If you have bladder infections that keep coming back or another condition that causes your bladder to be irritated for long periods of time, you stand a better chance of getting bladder cancer.


Question: What happens in a root canal?

Answer: In addition to an abscess, an infection in the root canal of a tooth can cause: Embed Asset Override Swelling that may spread to other areas of the face, neck, or head Bone loss around the tip of the root Drainage problems extending outward from the root. Your dentist or endodontist will then use local anesthesia to numb the area near the tooth. An access hole will then be drilled into the tooth. The pulp along with bacteria, the decayed nerve tissue and related debris is removed from the tooth. The cleaning out process is accomplished using root canal files. A series of these files of increasing diameter are each subsequently placed into the access hole and worked down the full length of the tooth to scrape and scrub the sides of the root canals. Water or sodium hypochlorite is used periodically to flush away the debris. At the next appointment, to fill the interior of the tooth, a sealer paste and a rubber compound called gutta percha is placed into the tooth's root canal. These alternatives not only are more expensive than a root canal procedure but require more treatment time and additional procedures to adjacent teeth and supporting tissues.


Question: What are the final steps in a root canal?

Answer: Your dentist will discuss the need for any additional dental work with you. Also, because the final step of the root canal procedure is application of a restoration such as a crown or a filling, it will not be obvious to onlookers that a root canal was performed.


Question: What are some tips for preventing abnormal vaginal discharge?

Answer: These are a few of the things that can upset that balance: Antibiotic or steroid use Bacterial vaginosis, a bacterial infection more common in pregnant women or women who have multiple sexual partners Birth control pills Cervical cancer Chlamydia or gonorrhea ( STDs), sexually transmitted infections Diabetes Douches, scented soaps or lotions, bubble bath Pelvic infection after surgery Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) Trichomoniasis, a parasitic infection typically contracted and caused by having unprotected sex Vaginal atrophy, the thinning and drying out of the vaginal walls during menopause Vaginitis, irritation in or around the vagina Yeast infections See the chart below to learn more about what a particular type of discharge might mean. Never use scented soaps and feminine products or douche. Also avoid feminine sprays and bubble baths. After going to the bathroom, always wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from getting into the vagina and causing an infection. Wear 100% cotton underpants, and avoid overly tight clothing.


Question: How is abnormal vaginal discharge treated?

Answer: What color is the discharge? Bacterial vaginosis is treated with antibiotic pills or creams. Trichomoniasis is usually treated with the drug metronidazole ( Flagyl) or tinidazole ( Tindamax).


Question: What causes abnormal vaginal discharge?

Answer: These are a few of the things that can upset that balance: Antibiotic or steroid use Bacterial vaginosis, a bacterial infection more common in pregnant women or women who have multiple sexual partners Birth control pills Cervical cancer Chlamydia or gonorrhea ( STDs), sexually transmitted infections Diabetes Douches, scented soaps or lotions, bubble bath Pelvic infection after surgery Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) Trichomoniasis, a parasitic infection typically contracted and caused by having unprotected sex Vaginal atrophy, the thinning and drying out of the vaginal walls during menopause Vaginitis, irritation in or around the vagina Yeast infections See the chart below to learn more about what a particular type of discharge might mean. Do you have any itching, pain, or burning in or around the vagina?


Question: What are some lifestyle changes that can improve symptoms of varicose and spider veins?

Answer: Some things you can try include: Not standing or sitting for long periods without taking a break. Losing extra weight to improve blood flow and ease pressure on your veins. Not wearing tight clothing, especially around your waist, upper thighs, and legs. Avoiding crossing your legs at your knees and ankles. Doing physical activities that move your legs, which will improve muscle tone.


Question: How can compression stockings help in treating varicose and spider veins?

Answer: That keeps blood from pooling in veins and also curbs leg swelling. You can buy compression stockings in pharmacies and medical supply stores. If lifestyle changes don't help, if varicose veins become more severe, or if you're bothered by the appearance of your varicose or spider veins, talk to your doctor about what medical treatments are available. A device at the tip of the catheter heats up the inside of the vessel and closes it off.


Question: What are tips for people with diabetes to quit smoking?

Answer: You don't have to quit immediately. If you know it's more realistic for you to kick the habit after a big event or deadline, make that your quit date. Tell your doctor the date. You'll have built-in support. Don't have anything you need to smoke on hand, like ash trays, lighters, or matches. Breathe deeply when you crave a cigarette. Hold your breath for 10 seconds, and then exhale slowly. Spend time in places where you can't smoke because it's banned, such as a library, theater, or museum. Hang out with friends who are also working on kicking the habit. Go to places that don't allow smoking. Reach for low-calorie, good-for-you foods instead of smoking. Choose fresh fruit and crisp, crunchy vegetables. Exercise to ease your stress instead of lighting up. Pass up coffee, soft drinks that have caffeine, and alcohol, as they all can increase the urge to smoke. Draw, text, type, or knit, for examples. Hack your habits. If you always had a cigarette on your work break, take a walk, talk to a friend, or do something else instead. It will be harder to get one. You'll have time to notice what you're doing and stop. Let your family and friends know you're quitting smoking. Ask for their support. If they smoke, tell them not to do so around you. If they do, leave. Be good to yourself. Do things that you enjoy. You'll notice that you don't need a cigarette to have fun.


Question: What are some tips to help you quit smoking?

Answer: You don't have to quit immediately. If you know it's more realistic for you to kick the habit after a big event or deadline, make that your quit date. Tell your doctor the date. You'll have built-in support. Don't have anything you need to smoke on hand, like ash trays, lighters, or matches. Breathe deeply when you crave a cigarette. Hold your breath for 10 seconds, and then exhale slowly. Spend time in places where you can't smoke because it's banned, such as a library, theater, or museum. Hang out with friends who are also working on kicking the habit. Go to places that don't allow smoking. Choose fresh fruit and crisp, crunchy vegetables. Exercise to ease your stress instead of lighting up. Pass up coffee, soft drinks that have caffeine, and alcohol, as they all can increase the urge to smoke. Draw, text, type, or knit, for examples. Hack your habits. If you always had a cigarette on your work break, take a walk, talk to a friend, or do something else instead. It will be harder to get one. You'll have time to notice what you're doing and stop. Let your family and friends know you're quitting smoking. Ask for their support. If they smoke, tell them not to do so around you. If they do, leave. Be good to yourself. Do things that you enjoy. You'll notice that you don't need a cigarette to have fun.


Question: What are the different options of nicotine replacement therapy?

Answer: Nicotine patches, gum, lozenges, and nasal sprays are four ways to curb cravings for nicotine without a prescription. There are also two drugs your doctor can prescribe that may help: Chantix and Zyban.


Question: What questions will your doctor ask to diagnose carcinoid syndrome?

Answer: You may have episodes when your skin suddenly gets red and warm, you have trouble breathing, or you have a rapid heartbeat, for example. Do you often have diarrhea? Have you been short of breath? Do you sometimes wheeze?


Question: Where can you get support for carcinoid syndrome?

Answer: You can also take steps to relieve the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and feel more comfortable. It also has information about how to join support groups in your area.


Question: Does the size of your kidney stone matter?

Answer: This means the stone is making its way from your kidney through the ureter and closer to your bladder. Sometimes smaller stones can hurt the worst, while big stones might just give you a dull ache.


Question: What should you know about kidney stones?

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Question: What does edema mean?

Answer: It can affect a small area or the entire body. Medications, pregnancy, infections, and many other medical problems can cause edema. Edema in a small area from an infection or inflammation (like a mosquito bite) may cause no symptoms. For example, you might take allergy medications to treat swelling from allergies.


Question: How do you know if your edema is caused by heart disease (congestive heart failure)?

Answer: If fluid builds up quickly, you can get fluid in the lungs. If your heart failure is on the right side of your heart, edema can develop in the abdomen. Fluid leaks into the abdomen and can also cause leg edema.


Question: What causes an edema?

Answer: In some cases, like an infection, this may be helpful. More fluid from your blood vessels puts more infection-fighting white blood cells in the swollen area. Edema can also come from other conditions or from when the balance of substances in your blood is off. Kidney disease. Edema in a small area from an infection or inflammation (like a mosquito bite) may cause no symptoms.


Question: What are symptoms of pulmonary edema?

Answer: Pulmonary edema. Some people with pulmonary edema may have a cough.


Question: What are the early symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer: As a tumor grows, you may notice these signs: A lump in your breast or underarm that doesn't go away after your period. This is often the first symptom of breast cancer. Lumps associated with breast cancer are usually painless, although some may cause a prickly sensation. Lumps are usually visible on a mammogram long before you can see or feel them. Swelling in your armpit or collarbone could mean breast cancer has spread to lymph nodes in that area. Although lumps are usually painless, pain or tenderness can be a sign of breast cancer. This could be a tumor that you can't see or feel. You might notice a difference in the size, contour, texture, or temperature of your breast. A reddish, pitted surface like the skin of an orange could be a sign of advanced breast cancer. It could: Pull inward Get dimpled Burn Itch Develop sores You might notice an unusual discharge from your nipple. It could be clear, bloody, or another color. This area will feel different from any other part of either breast.


Question: How do thrombolytics clear clots?

Answer: Also called anticoagulants, these are some of the more common drugs for a deep vein thrombosis ( DVT). That gives your body time to break up the clot. They work by turning on plasmin, which jump-starts your body's natural process for clearing things out.