Question: What should you expect if your child gets a cold?

Answer: When your child gets a cold, it starts when he has a general feeling of not being well, often followed by a sore throat, runny nose or cough. At the beginning, the sore throat is due to a buildup of mucus. Later, your child may get a postnasal drip -- when the mucus runs down the back of his nose to the throat.


Question: How often will your child get a cold?

Answer: Kids who are preschool age have around nine colds a year, while kindergartners can have 12 a year. Adolescents and adults get about two to four a year. Cold season runs from September until March or April, so children usually get sick most often during these months.


Question: What is an allergy?

Answer: Allergies are very common. At least 1 in 5 Americans has one. It starts when you come into contact with a trigger that you inhale, swallow, or get on your skin.


Question: What are symptoms of an allergy?

Answer: Your symptoms depend on how you're exposed -- through the air, your skin, food, or through an insect sting. If you've got a nasal allergy (one that's triggered by something you inhale), common symptoms include: Itchy, watery eyes Sneezing Itchy, runny nose Feeling tired or ill Common symptoms of a skin allergy include rashes and hives (a rash with raised red patches).


Question: What happens during an allergic reaction?

Answer: It starts when you come into contact with a trigger that you inhale, swallow, or get on your skin. In response, your body starts to make a protein called Ig E, which grabs onto the allergen. Then histamine and other chemicals get released into the blood. That causes the symptoms you notice.


Question: What are common symptoms of skin allergy?

Answer: If you've got a nasal allergy (one that's triggered by something you inhale), common symptoms include: Itchy, watery eyes Sneezing Itchy, runny nose Feeling tired or ill Common symptoms of a skin allergy include rashes and hives (a rash with raised red patches).


Question: What are common side effects from epinephrine auto-injector shots?

Answer: The common side effects from the epinephrine injection are dizziness, restlessness, anxiety, and shakiness. In rare cases, they may be more severe.


Question: What are general times to give an auto-injector shot?

Answer: There are many cases when you, or someone you know, need to use an auto-injector, but two general ones are: You have a life-threatening allergy and you know you've had contact with your allergy trigger. An example: If you have a peanut allergy and your boyfriend ate some peanuts and then kissed you, don't wait for symptoms -- take the epinephrine right away. You have allergy symptoms -- even if you don't know the trigger. Those symptoms can include: Trouble breathing, wheezing, or your airways shut down Your face, mouth, lips, or tongue swell Skin reactions like hives, itching, flushing Nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, or diarrhea You get dizzy, faint, or collapse Take these steps after the first injection: If there's no relief, take a second dose.


Question: What are tips to keep in mind about carrying my auto-injector?

Answer: The device won't do you any good if you don't have it with you. When you pick up your prescription at the drugstore, you'll get two injectors. Carry both with you at all times in case one doesn't work or you have a reaction needs a second dose. Extreme heat and cold can damage the medication in your auto-injectors, so store them at room temperature. Don't leave them in your car. The injectors are usually good for a year, so keep track of the date on the box.


Question: What is shiatsu massage?

Answer: For shiatsu massage, the therapist uses varied, rhythmic pressure on certain precise points of the body. These points are called acupressure points, and they are believed to be important for the flow of the body's vital energy, called chi. Proponents say shiatsu massage can help relieve blockages at these acupressure points.


Question: What is reflexology massage?

Answer: These areas are believed to correspond to different parts of the body. The massage, then, is expected to promote health and well-being.


Question: What is sports massage?

Answer: Developed to help with muscle systems used for a particular sport, sports massage uses a variety of approaches to help athletes in training -- before, during, or after sports events. You might use it to promote flexibility and help prevent injuries. Or, it may help muscle strains, aiding healing after a sports injury.


Question: What is Thai massage?

Answer: During a Thai massage, the therapist uses his or her body to move the client into a variety of positions. This type of massage includes compression of muscles, mobilization of joints, and acupressure.


Question: What is deep tissue massage?

Answer: Four common strokes of Swedish massage are: Effleurage: a smooth, gliding stroke used to relax soft tissue Petrissage: the squeezing, rolling, or kneading that follows effleurage Friction: deep, circular movements that cause layers of tissue to rub against each other, helping to increase blood flow and break down scar tissue Tapotement: a short, alternating tap done with cupped hands, fingers, or the edge of the hand Deep tissue massage is best for giving attention to certain painful, stiff "trouble spots" in your body. The massage therapist uses slow, deliberate strokes that focus pressure on layers of muscles, tendons, or other tissues deep under your skin. Though less rhythmic than other types of massage, deep tissue massage may be therapeutic -- relieving chronic patterns of tension and helping with muscle injuries, such as back sprain.


Question: What are the strokes of Swedish massage?

Answer: Four common strokes of Swedish massage are: Effleurage: a smooth, gliding stroke used to relax soft tissue Petrissage: the squeezing, rolling, or kneading that follows effleurage Friction: deep, circular movements that cause layers of tissue to rub against each other, helping to increase blood flow and break down scar tissue Tapotement: a short, alternating tap done with cupped hands, fingers, or the edge of the hand Deep tissue massage is best for giving attention to certain painful, stiff "trouble spots" in your body.


Question: What is pregnancy massage?

Answer: Pregnancy massage can help with these changes by reducing stress, decreasing arm and leg swelling, and relieving muscle and joint pain. Massage may be particularly helpful during a time when medication and other medical options may be more limited. Using specially designed massage pillows, the massage therapist will help get you into a comfortable position for this type of massage.


Question: What health problems can massage therapy help?

Answer: Ask your doctor before using massage for any health condition, though. Back pain .


Question: What is Swedish massage?

Answer: The most common type of massage is Swedish massage therapy. It involves soft, long, kneading strokes, as well as light, rhythmic, tapping strokes, on topmost layers of muscles. This is also combined with movement of the joints. By relieving muscle tension, Swedish therapy can be both relaxing and energizing. And it may even help after an injury.


Question: What is chair massage?

Answer: Onsite, chair massages are done while you're seated fully clothed in a portable, specially designed chair. They usually involve a massage of your neck, shoulders, back, arms, and hands.


Question: What is hot stone massage?

Answer: For this kind of massage, the therapist places warmed stones on certain areas of the body, such as acupressure points. The stones may be used as massage tools or be temporarily left in place. Used along with other massage techniques, hot stones can be quite soothing and relaxing as they transmit heat deep into the body.


Question: What is neuromuscular therapy massage?

Answer: Four common strokes of Swedish massage are: Effleurage: a smooth, gliding stroke used to relax soft tissue Petrissage: the squeezing, rolling, or kneading that follows effleurage Friction: deep, circular movements that cause layers of tissue to rub against each other, helping to increase blood flow and break down scar tissue Tapotement: a short, alternating tap done with cupped hands, fingers, or the edge of the hand Deep tissue massage is best for giving attention to certain painful, stiff "trouble spots" in your body. This type of massage includes compression of muscles, mobilization of joints, and acupressure.


Question: How do you decide which massage style is best?

Answer: Before you can decide which massage style is best for you, you need to ask yourself a question. Before booking a massage, let the therapist know what you're looking for and ask which style the therapist uses. Many use more than one style. Or the therapist may customize your massage, depending on your age, condition, or any special needs or goals you have.


Question: What are different massage therapy styles?

Answer: Today, if you need or want a massage, you can choose from about 80 massage therapy styles with a wide variety of pressures, movements, and techniques. These all involve pressing, rubbing, or manipulating muscles and other soft tissues with hands and fingers. Sometimes, even forearms, elbows, or feet are used. The most common type of massage is Swedish massage therapy.


Question: How are anxiety disorders diagnosed?

Answer: If you have symptoms, your doctor will examine you and ask for your medical history. She may run tests to rule out medical illnesses that might be causing your symptoms. No lab tests can specifically diagnose anxiety disorders. If your doctor doesn't find any medical reason for how you're feeling, she may send you to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or another mental health specialist. Those doctors will ask you questions and use tools and testing to find out if you may have an anxiety disorder. Your doctor will consider how long and how intense your symptoms are when diagnosing you. She'll also check to see if the symptoms keep you from carrying out your normal activities.


Question: What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer: All anxiety disorders share some general symptoms: Panic, fear, and uneasiness Sleep problems Not being able to stay calm and still Cold, sweaty, numb or tingling hands or feet Shortness of breath Heart palpitations Dry mouth Nausea Tense muscles Dizziness Researchers don't know exactly what brings on anxiety disorders.


Question: What causes anxiety disorders?

Answer: All anxiety disorders share some general symptoms: Panic, fear, and uneasiness Sleep problems Not being able to stay calm and still Cold, sweaty, numb or tingling hands or feet Shortness of breath Heart palpitations Dry mouth Nausea Tense muscles Dizziness Researchers don't know exactly what brings on anxiety disorders. Like other forms of mental illness, they stem from a combination of things, including changes in your brain and environmental stress, and even your genes. The disorders can run in families and could be linked to faulty circuits in the brain that control fear and other emotions.


Question: How is psychotherapy used to treat anxiety disorders?

Answer: Psychotherapy: This is a type of counseling that addresses the emotional response to mental illness. A mental health specialist helps you by talking about how to understand and deal with your anxiety disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy: This is a certain type of psychotherapy that teaches you how to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that trigger deep anxiety or panic.


Question: How are medications used to treat anxiety disorders?

Answer: Most people with the condition try one or more of these therapies: Medication: Many antidepressants can work for anxiety disorders. They include escitalopram ( Lexapro) and fluoxetine ( Prozac). Certain anticonvulsant medicines (typically taken for epilepsy) and low-dose antipsychotic drugs can be added to help make other treatments work better. Anxiolytics are also drugs that help lower anxiety. Examples are alprazolam ( Xanax) and clonazepam ( Klonopin). They're prescribed for social or generalized anxiety disorder as well as for panic attacks.


Question: What are the different types of anxiety disorders?

Answer: Anxiety disorder is an umbrella term that includes different conditions: Panic disorder. You feel terror that strikes at random. During a panic attack, you may also sweat, have chest pain, and feel palpitations (unusually strong or irregular heartbeats). Sometimes you may feel like you're choking or having a heart attack. Social anxiety disorder. Also called social phobia, this is when you feel overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. You fixate about others judging you or on being embarrassed or ridiculed. Specific phobias. You feel intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as heights or flying. The fear goes beyond what's appropriate and may cause you to avoid ordinary situations. Generalized anxiety disorder. You feel excessive, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason. They're prescribed for social or generalized anxiety disorder as well as for panic attacks.


Question: What can help to manage the symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer: If you have symptoms, your doctor will examine you and ask for your medical history. Caffeine is a mood-altering drug, and it may make symptoms of anxiety disorders worse. Eat right, exercise, and get better sleep. Brisk aerobic exercises like jogging and biking help release brain chemicals that cut stress and improve your mood. Sleep problems and anxiety disorder often go hand in hand. Make getting good rest a priority. Follow a relaxing bedtime routine. Talk to your doctor if you still have trouble sleeping. Ask your doctor or pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter meds or herbal remedies. Many contain chemicals that can make anxiety symptoms worse.


Question: What are some symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. However, not all colorectal cancers are without symptoms. One of the early symptoms of colon cancer may be bleeding. Often, tumors bleed only small amounts, off and on, and evidence of the blood is found only during chemical testing of the stool. When tumors have grown larger, other symptoms may develop. Unusual stomach or gas pain Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Vomiting If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.


Question: How is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) diagnosed?

Answer: If you have symptoms like a high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, you should see a doctor, especially if you've just come back from a trip overseas. If your doctor suspects you have SARS, she can confirm it with lab tests and images from an X-ray or CT scan.


Question: What can trigger a relapse when I'm trying to quit smoking?

Answer: They can happen when you: · Drink your morning tea or coffee Have a beer, cocktail, or glass of wine Drive Get up during intermission at a show Check your texts or email Feel bored, sad, angry, or stressed Talk on the phone Need a break from work Even positive feelings of happiness or pleasure can be triggers.


Question: How can I fight smoking triggers that I can't avoid?

Answer: Bring along something else to put in your mouth instead of a cigarette, such as a mint-flavored toothpick or some carrot sticks. On a walk, take deep breaths and focus on how good the fresh air feels in your lungs. To ride out a craving, you could also sip ice-cold water, take deep breaths, keep your hands busy by squeezing a rubber ball or doing a crossword puzzle, or meditating.


Question: How can you learn your smoking triggers?

Answer: Learn to Spot Your Smoking Triggers Once you know yours, you can prepare to avoid or manage them. Before you quit, keep a journal for a few days or a week. Use your smartphone or a small notebook that you can easily carry with you. Every time you light a cigarette, record: The time of day How intense your craving feels, on a scale of 1 to 5 (with 5 being the most intense) What you're doing at that moment Where you are Who you're with How you feel (happy, stressed, bored, etc.)


Question: What are my odds of getting atherosclerosis?

Answer: If you're 40 and generally healthy, you have about a 50% chance of getting serious atherosclerosis in your lifetime. The risk goes up as you get older. Most adults older than 60 have some atherosclerosis, but most don't have noticeable symptoms.


Question: Can aspirin prevent atherosclerosis?

Answer: You might not have symptoms until your artery is nearly closed or until you have a heart attack or stroke. Stenting helps ease symptoms, but it does not prevent heart attacks. Bypass surgery: Your doctor takes a healthy blood vessel, often from your leg or chest, and uses it to go around a blocked segment. These procedures can have complications.


Question: How effective are nonsurgical procedures for treating bowel incontinence?

Answer: These minimally invasive procedures can reduce bowel incontinence in some people, without the risks of surgery. Because they are relatively new, their long-term effectiveness and safety aren't as well known as other treatments.


Question: What are the treatments for bowel incontinence?

Answer: Many effective treatments can help people with bowel incontinence. These include: medicine surgery minimally invasive procedures Talking to your doctor is the first step toward freedom from bowel incontinence.


Question: How is a colostomy done to treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: Surgery to redirect the colon through an opening created in the skin of the belly. Colostomy is only considered when bowel incontinence persists despite all other treatments.


Question: How is an endoscopy used to diagnose bowel incontinence?

Answer: A tube with a camera on its tip is inserted into the anus. This identifies any potential problems in the anal canal or colon. A short, rigid tube (anoscopy) or a longer, flexible tube (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) may be used.


Question: How are nerve tests used to diagnose bowel incontinence?

Answer: These tests measure the responsiveness of the nerves controlling the sphincter muscles. They can detect nerve damage that can cause bowel incontinence.


Question: How is bowel incontinence treated?

Answer: Bowel incontinence is usually treatable. In many cases, it can be cured completely. Recommended treatments vary according to the cause of bowel incontinence. Often, more than one treatment method may be required to control symptoms. Nonsurgical treatments are often recommended as initial treatment for bowel incontinence.


Question: How is radiofrequency anal sphincter remodeling done to treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: A probe inserted into the anus directs controlled amounts of heat energy into the anal wall. Radiofrequency remodeling creates a mild injury to the sphincter muscles, which become thicker as they heal.


Question: How is sphincter cuff device used to treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: Sphincter cuff device. A surgeon can implant an inflatable cuff that surrounds the anal sphincter. A person deflates the cuff during bowel movements and reinflates it to prevent bowel incontinence.


Question: How is a sacral nerve stimulator used to treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: A surgeon implants a device that stimulates the pelvic nerves. This procedure may be most effective in people with bowel incontinence due to nerve damage.


Question: How is sphincter surgery done to treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: A surgeon can stitch the anal muscles more tightly together (sphincteroplasty). Or the surgeon takes muscle from the pelvis or buttock to support the weak anal muscles (muscle transposition). These surgeries can cure many people with bowel incontinence that's due to a tear of the anal sphincter muscles.


Question: How does biofeedback treat bowel incontinence?

Answer: A sensor is placed inside the anus and on the abdominal wall. This provides feedback as a person does exercises to improve bowel control.


Question: How is stool testing used to diagnose bowel incontinence?

Answer: If diarrhea is present, stool testing may identify an infection or other cause.


Question: What is bowel incontinence?

Answer: Accidental bowel leakage is usually not a serious medical problem. For people with a specific cause of diarrhea, such as inflammatory bowel syndrome, other medications may also help. A person deflates the cuff during bowel movements and reinflates it to prevent bowel incontinence.


Question: How will your doctor find out if you have heart failure?

Answer: If you have systolic heart failure, you can have: Shortness of breath Tiredness, weakness Swelling in feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen Lasting cough or wheezing Fast or irregular heartbeat Dizziness Confusion More need to pee at night Nausea Lack of appetite To figure out if you have heart failure, your doctor will: Examine you Ask about your medical history Run some tests Those tests might include: Blood tests: Abnormal levels of important substances can show strain to organs due to heart failure.


Question: What medications can help manage systolic heart failure?

Answer: Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery.


Question: What surgeries and devices can help manage systolic heart failure?

Answer: Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery. Several procedures can treat heart failure. If your condition is more severe, your doctor may implant a device like a defibrillator or something called a left ventricular assist device ( LVAD) in your body. Other times, a heart transplant may be the best option. Your doctor will determine the right course for you.


Question: Can high blood pressure cause systolic heart failure?

Answer: With that extra work, your heart muscle gets thicker and doesn't work as well. In those cases, the heart has to pump harder to get blood through your body.


Question: What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?

Answer: Acute osteomyelitis develops rapidly over a period of seven to 10 days. The symptoms for acute and chronic osteomyelitis are very similar and include: Fever, irritability, fatigue Nausea Tenderness, redness, and warmth in the area of the infection Swelling around the affected bone Lost range of motion Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae makes itself known through severe back pain, especially at night.


Question: How can you recover from osteomyelitis?

Answer: The sooner you treat osteomyelitis, the better. In cases of acute osteomyelitis, early treatment prevents the condition from becoming a chronic problem that requires ongoing treatment. Besides the pain and inconvenience of repeated infections, getting osteomyelitis under control early provides the best chance for recovery.


Question: How can you prevent osteomyelitis?

Answer: The best way to prevent osteomyelitis is to keep things clean. If you or your child has a cut, especially a deep cut, wash it completely. Flush out any open wound under running water for five minutes, then bandage it in sterile bandages.


Question: How is osteomyelitis treated?

Answer: Antibiotics help bring the infection under control and often make it possible to avoid surgery. People with osteomyelitis usually get antibiotics for several weeks through an IV, and then switch to a pill. More serious or chronic osteomyelitis requires surgery to remove the infected tissue and bone. Osteomyelitis surgery prevents the infection from spreading further or getting so bad that amputation is the only remaining option.


Question: What should you do if you have chronic osteomyelitis?

Answer: If you have chronic osteomyelitis, make sure your doctor knows about your medical history so you can work together to keep the condition under control. If you have diabetes, pay close attention to your feet and contact your doctor at the first sign of infection.


Question: What is osteomyelitis?

Answer: Bones can become infected in a number of ways: Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone, or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection.


Question: Who gets osteomyelitis?

Answer: Only 2 out of every 10,000 people get osteomyelitis. The condition affects children and adults, although in different ways. Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection.


Question: What is osteomyelitis like in children?

Answer: In children, osteomyelitis is usually acute. Acute osteomyelitis comes on quickly, is easier to treat, and overall turns out better than chronic osteomyelitis. In children, osteomyelitis usually shows up in arm or leg bones.


Question: What is osteomyelitis like in adults?

Answer: In adults, osteomyelitis can be either acute or chronic. People with diabetes, HIV, or peripheral vascular disease are more prone to chronic osteomyelitis, which persists or recurs, despite treatment. Whether chronic or acute, osteomyelitis often affects an adult's pelvis or vertebrae of the spine. It can also occur in the feet, especially in a person with diabetes.


Question: What causes osteomyelitis?

Answer: Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection. A bone biopsy helps determine the type of organism, typically bacteria, causing the infection so the right medication can be prescribed.


Question: Where am I most likely to get nail fungus?

Answer: Speaking of the gym, it's a bad idea to kick off your shoes in places with lots of germs, like locker rooms, swimming pools, or public showers. If you visit a nail salon, it should be clean and licensed. Make sure the technician uses sterilized or single-use instruments (or bring your own). The same goes for polish -- bring your own bottle from home.


Question: Who is most likely to get nail fungus?

Answer: But there are telltale signs when a fungal nail infection starts to settle in. Seniors tend to have slower-growing nails, reduced blood circulation, and a longer history of exposure to fungi. Men are also more likely than women to have nail fungus -- maybe because they're more in the habit of walking around barefoot at the gym. People with diabetes or other health conditions that weaken the immune system are also at higher risk.


Question: What is a 24-hour esophageal pH test?

Answer: Instead of having to have a tube placed down your nose for 24 hours, your doctor will place a disposable capsule into the esophagus using an endoscope.


Question: How is a BRAVO device used during an esophageal pH test?

Answer: A device known as BRAVO may make monitoring the p H level easier. Instead of having to have a tube placed down your nose for 24 hours, your doctor will place a disposable capsule into the esophagus using an endoscope. The capsule then wirelessly transmits information about esophageal acid activity to a receiver worn around the waist for 48 hours.


Question: Can I resume a normal diet after an esophageal pH test?

Answer: Record the following: The time when you start eating The time when you finish eating The time when you start lying down The time when you finish lying down You may resume your normal diet and activities after the esophageal p H test. If your throat feels sore following the test, suck on lozenges.


Question: What are antiviral drugs used for?

Answer: These medications may reduce the duration of flu by one to two days and prevent severe flu complications.


Question: When should antiviral medication for the flu be taken?

Answer: All four antivirals are most effective when given within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms, although they may still prevent severe flu complications when given more than 48 hours after symptoms appear.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about antiviral medications for the flu?

Answer: Ideally, you should talk to your doctor about the flu vaccine and antiviral drugs, including side effects, before the flu season begins. When you do get flu symptoms, it's important to call your doctor soon after symptoms appear. Flu drugs are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of flu symptoms, although they may help prevent severe disease when taken later.


Question: How are antivirals used in preventing the flu?

Answer: After you read this, talk to your doctor to see if antiviral drugs can help you feel better. However, the CDC discourages this as a routine practice, as it can lead to drug-resistant strains of the virus. Instead, the CDC recommends that people at risk of severe flu -- such as pregnant women or people with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease -- begin antiviral treatment as soon as flu symptoms appear. Others at high risk for complications from the flu include infants, the elderly, those with chronic illness, Native Americans and Alaskan Natives It's important, however, to remember that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent flu.


Question: What are antiviral drugs?

Answer: Antiviral drugs are prescription medications that may help prevent flu complications or shorten the severity and duration of flu once you have it. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help reduce the duration of flu symptoms in otherwise healthy children and adults and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms.


Question: How is a loop stoma made in fecal diversion?

Answer: To make the loop stoma, a small loop of intestine will be brought up through the abdominal wall to skin level. A plastic rod will be passed underneath the loop to keep the new stoma in place. The loop will be cut half way through to make the site for the bowel opening. Each open end of the bowel created by this cut will appear as two openings in the stoma. If you are having a loop colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having a loop ileostomy, the loop will be turned back on itself like a small cuff and then stitched just below your skin. The abdominal cavity will be carefully inspected and the incisions will be stitched closed. The rod will be removed several days after surgery.


Question: How is a stoma created during fecal diversion?

Answer: An end stoma can be made in the ileum (end of the small intestine, called "end ileostomy") or colon ("end colostomy"). First, a small disk of skin will be removed from the stoma site. Next, your surgeon will bring 1-2 inches of healthy bowel up through the abdominal wall to skin level. If you are having a colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having an ileostomy, the small intestine will be stitched to your skin.


Question: Do I need treatment if I am diagnosed with prostate cancer?

Answer: Many prostate tumors grow slowly, so you might not need to make decisions right away. Some men decide -- with their doctors -- that "watchful waiting" for symptoms, and "active surveillance," keeping close track of the cancer with tests, biopsies, and regular doctor's visits, are better options than surgery, chemo, or radiation. Research has shown that these can be safe options for many men. If the tumor starts to grow or if you're not comfortable with "doing nothing," talk with your doctor about moving forward with treatment.


Question: How can I treat my child's sore throat from a virus?

Answer: That means antibiotics, drugs used to treat bacterial infections, won't help your child get better any faster. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. If the sore throat stems from a cold virus, it's going to need to run its course. Try these home remedies to help your child feel better: Make sure he gets plenty of rest and drinks a lot of fluids. Use a humidifier. Inhale steam. Run hot water in a sink. Drape a towel over your child's head to trap the steam, and have him lean over the sink with the water running. Tell him to breathe deeply through his mouth and nose for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat several times a day. ( Be careful not to cause a steam burn, though.) Give him frozen treats like ice pops. Have him sip chicken broth or warm tea with honey. Don't give honey to a child under 12 months of age. For an older child: Have him gargle with warm salt water (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt per cup (8 ounces) of water). Give him throat lozenges or hard candy to suck on.


Question: Do antibiotics help for sore throats?

Answer: There's one exception: strep throat. Bacteria does cause that condition, so antibiotics will help. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. But they won't help your child get better any faster.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 4 pressure sore?

Answer: Recovery time: A Stage 4 pressure sore could take anywhere from 3 months or much longer, even years, to heal.


Question: What do stages mean when you have pressure sores?

Answer: The stages are based on how deep the sores are, which can affect their treatment.


Question: How do you treat a Stage 1 pressure sore?

Answer: What to do: The first and most important thing to do with any pressure sore is to stop the pressure. Change your position or use foam pads, pillows, or mattresses. If you spend a lot of time in bed, try to move at least once every 2 hours. If you're sitting, move every 15 minutes. You may need someone to help you. Wash the sore with mild soap and water and dry it gently. It may help to eat a diet high in protein, vitamins A and C, and the minerals iron and zinc. These are all good for your skin. Also, drink plenty of water.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 1 pressure sore?

Answer: Recovery time: A Stage 1 pressure sore may go away in as little as 2 or 3 days. If it hasn't, call your doctor.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 2 pressure sore?

Answer: Recovery time: A Stage 2 pressure sore should get better in 3 days to 3 weeks.


Question: How do you treat a Stage 3 pressure sore?

Answer: She may remove any dead tissue and prescribe antibiotics to fight infection. You may also be able to get a special bed or mattress through your insurance.


Question: What is a pressure sore?

Answer: You may know pressure sores by their more common name: bed sores. They happen when you lie or sit in one position too long and the weight of your body against the surface of the bed or chair cuts off blood supply. You might get them if you're on bed rest or in a wheelchair.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 3 pressure sore?

Answer: Recovery time: A Stage 1 pressure sore may go away in as little as 2 or 3 days. Recovery time: A Stage 3 pressure sore will take at least one month, and up to 4 months, to heal.


Question: What should I do if I have a Stage 2 pressure sore?

Answer: What to do: The first and most important thing to do with any pressure sore is to stop the pressure. Change your position or use foam pads, pillows, or mattresses. If you spend a lot of time in bed, try to move at least once every 2 hours. If you're sitting, move every 15 minutes. You may need someone to help you. Wash the sore with mild soap and water and dry it gently. It may help to eat a diet high in protein, vitamins A and C, and the minerals iron and zinc. These are all good for your skin. Also, drink plenty of water. Keep the sore covered with a see-through dressing or moist gauze. If you see signs of an infection (such as pus, fever, or redness), tell your doctor. Talk to your doctor.


Question: How often will someone need to get checkups in between eye exams?

Answer: You'll need to get checkups more often if you have health conditions or a family history of vision problems likes glaucoma, macular degeneration, or corneal diseases. When else should you see the eye doctor? If you have a sudden vision change, eye pain, or severe irritation.


Question: Why are vision tests important during an eye exam?

Answer: The doctor will check your close and distance vision. You'll read from charts of random letters. She may also test other aspects of your vision -- like your ability to see in 3- D, your side vision (called peripheral vision), and color perception.


Question: What other conditions could an eye exam discover?

Answer: Eye exams can help spot early signs of glaucoma, diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis. If the doctor finds anything odd, you may need a follow-up with your regular doctor or a specialist.


Question: What is an eye exam?

Answer: She'll check all the parts of your eye. You may need drops to dilate -- or widen -- your pupils. This gives the doctor a clear view of the inside of your eye. These drops makes your eyes sensitive to light for a few hours. You'll need to wear sunglasses until they wear off. You may need someone to drive you home. The doctor will as also check your peripheral vision and how well your eye muscles work together.


Question: How should I choose an eye doctor?

Answer: Should you choose an optometrist ( OD) or an ophthalmologist ( MD) for your initial eye exam? If this is a routine checkup, you can go with either one. If you have or think you might have an eye problem like cataracts or glaucoma, or a health condition like diabetes, choose an ophthalmologist.


Question: What should I bring to an eye doctor appointment?

Answer: Your glasses or contacts (if you wear them). Ask if you should stop wearing your contacts for a few days before the visit. A list of any health conditions or allergies A list of all medications and supplements you take A list of any specific questions you have about your eye health Your medical insurance information. Most policies don't cover routine eye care, but if there is a diagnosis, such as dry eyes or glaucoma, you might get coverage. Vision insurance will cover some routine eye care, but most ophthalmologists ( MDs) don't take part in these plans.


Question: What should someone do before leaving their eye exam?

Answer: Make sure you have a copy of your eyeglasses prescription, if you need one. Understand where you should go to get your glasses or contacts prescription filled. Make sure you have instructions about how to use any medication if you need it. Make sure you have a copy of your glasses prescription, if you need one. Ask where to get the prescription filled. Get instructions on how to use medication if you need it. Schedule your next appointment or checkup.


Question: How often should I get an eye exam?

Answer: Everyone needs eye exams. Different medical organizations have different recommendations for how often you need to go. A good rule of thumb: Young adults: Once in your 20s and twice in your 30s. Adults: At age 40 with regular follow-ups, depending on your health. Adults 65 and older: Every 1-2 years. Children: At birth, 6 months, 3 years, and before entering grade school. This is often happens along with regular doctor visits or pre-school checkups.


Question: Why is patient history important in an eye exam?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your general health and any family history of eye diseases.


Question: How long will an eye exam take?

Answer: If it's been more than a few years since your last visit, or if you've never had one, it's time get one on the calendar now. That includes time to get the exam and to get fitted for a prescription if you need it. Later appointments won't take as much time.


Question: Why are eye doctor appointments important?

Answer: Eye exams aren't only for people with poor vision. They're an important way to find eye problems before symptoms show up. Your eye doctor can also catch other problems, like diabetes, early on. If it's been more than a few years since your last visit, or if you've never had one, it's time get one on the calendar now. When else should you see the eye doctor?


Question: How can psychotherapy help treat depression relapse?

Answer: Psychotherapy Counseling, or "talk therapy," can help you to understand your problems, including new issues that have arisen since you were last treated for depression. You'll explore better ways to cope or to solve problems. Through psychotherapy, you can also learn how to manage your own thoughts and actions so that you feel less depressed.


Question: Who should I talk to if I am having a depression relapse?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about whether you need maintenance therapy.


Question: How can maintenance treatment help in treating depression relapse?

Answer: After patients have been treated for an acute bout of depression, doctors sometimes place them on maintenance therapy to try to prevent another episode, especially if they're at high risk for a recurrence. Talk to your doctor about whether you need maintenance therapy. For this type of ongoing treatment, which can last one year or longer, you may continue taking an antidepressant, with or without psychotherapy. Ask how long you may need maintenance therapy.


Question: How is depression relapse treated?

Answer: A depression relapse or recurrence can be treated in various ways, sometimes through a combination of therapies. For example, your doctor may recommend both antidepressant treatment and psychotherapy.


Question: How often do people get depression?

Answer: For this type of ongoing treatment, which can last one year or longer, you may continue taking an antidepressant, with or without psychotherapy. Try to spend time with other people.


Question: What are depression relapses and recurrences?

Answer: A recurrence is a new episode that comes after six months or longer since the previous episode has resolved. Regardless of the timeline, it can be demoralizing to feel depression symptoms, such as sadness, fatigue, and irritability, creeping back into your life. After patients have been treated for an acute bout of depression, doctors sometimes place them on maintenance therapy to try to prevent another episode, especially if they're at high risk for a recurrence.


Question: How can I help myself treat depression relapse?

Answer: Be sure to get the right amount of sleep and steer clear of alcohol and illegal drugs, which can worsen depression. Expect your mood to improve gradually, not immediately.


Question: How are inhalers used to treat asthma?

Answer: Asthma Inhalers Asthma inhalers are the most common and effective way to deliver asthma medicine to the lungs. They're available in several types that work in different ways. Some deliver one medication.


Question: How is a nebulizer used to treat asthma?

Answer: Asthma Nebulizer If you're having trouble using small inhalers, your doctor may prescribe an asthma nebulizer. This machine changes asthma medications from a liquid to a mist so it's easier to get the medicine into your lungs. It also has a mouthpiece or mask that makes it a good option for infants, small children, older adults, or anyone who has trouble using inhalers with spacers. It does take a few more minutes than using an inhaler.


Question: How are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat asthma?

Answer: These medications work over the long term to treat symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. As a result, the airways are less sensitive and less likely to react to asthma triggers. Asthma Inhalers Asthma inhalers are the most common and effective way to deliver asthma medicine to the lungs.


Question: What is a free gingival graft for gum tissue?

Answer: Similar to a connective-tissue graft, free gingival grafts involve the use of tissue from the roof of the mouth. But instead of making a flap and removing tissue under the top layer of flesh, a small amount of tissue is removed directly from the roof of the mouth and then attached to the gum area being treated. This method is used most often in people who have thin gums to begin with and need additional tissue to enlarge the gums.


Question: How much will a gum tissue graft cost?

Answer: Call your dentist if you experience any unusual symptoms following surgery, including: Bleeding that won't stop after applying pressure for 20 minutes More pain, swelling, and bruising than your dentist said to expect Many dental insurance companies will pay a portion of the cost of gum grafts. If you don't have insurance, the cost of gum surgery will depend on how much work is being done. Talk to your dentist to learn about your payment options.


Question: When should you call the dentist after a gum tissue graft?

Answer: Call your dentist if you experience any unusual symptoms following surgery, including: Bleeding that won't stop after applying pressure for 20 minutes More pain, swelling, and bruising than your dentist said to expect Many dental insurance companies will pay a portion of the cost of gum grafts.


Question: How long does it take to heal from a gum tissue graft?

Answer: A gum graft may be necessary to protect your teeth from the damaging effects of gum recession, or you may choose to have one to improve the appearance of your smile.


Question: What is recovery like from a gum tissue graft?

Answer: However, if your dentist gives you a sedative to help you relax, you will need to make arrangements to have someone else drive you home. Your dentist will give specific instructions regarding postoperative care, such as diet, physical activity, and medications. Do not floss or brush the gum line that was repaired until the area has healed. You will be asked to rinse your mouth with a special mouth rinse to help control plaque during the healing process, and you may be put on an antibiotic to reduce the risk of infection. However, if tissue is removed from your palate, you may be uncomfortable for a few days following the procedure.


Question: Is a gum tissue graft painful?

Answer: But instead of making a flap and removing tissue under the top layer of flesh, a small amount of tissue is removed directly from the roof of the mouth and then attached to the gum area being treated. If no tissue is removed from your palate, you should have little to no discomfort. However, if tissue is removed from your palate, you may be uncomfortable for a few days following the procedure. The wound on the roof of your mouth has been described as feeling like a major pizza burn, but the good news is it tends to heal quickly. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication or prescription pain medication can help keep you comfortable in the days following surgery.


Question: How can stretching and strength training help your back pain?

Answer: â One good exercise is to sit on the edge of the bed with one leg extended and the other one on the floor. â I recommend that patients use whichever they find comforting as long as their skin is protected.â The amount of rest you get is important, and so is the position you get it in.


Question: How can Pilates help your back pain?

Answer: I couldn't bend down or sleep â I was petrified I would never feel normal again.â Mary Ann Wilmarth, DPT, a spokeswoman for the American Physical Therapy Association and chief of physical therapy at Harvard University, says it is critical that people address any back pain or injury right away. Here are 12 ways to help alleviate back pain: Studies show that people with short-term low-back pain who rest feel more pain and have a harder time with daily tasks than those who stay active. They will match you with the right exercise plan.â Most people with chronic back pain would benefit from stronger abdominal muscles. Give your hamstrings a stretch by leaning forward while keeping your back in a neutral position.â It's tempting to baby your back muscles, but Davis says braces should be used sparingly.


Question: How can Feldenkrais method help your back pain?

Answer: Here are 12 ways to help alleviate back pain: Studies show that people with short-term low-back pain who rest feel more pain and have a harder time with daily tasks than those who stay active. â One good exercise is to sit on the edge of the bed with one leg extended and the other one on the floor.


Question: How is a minimally invasive procedure (MIP) hysterectomy done?

Answer: There are several approaches that can be used for an MIP hysterectomy: Vaginal hysterectomy: The surgeon makes a cut in the vagina and removes the uterus through this incision. The incision is closed, leaving no visible scar. Laparoscopic hysterectomy: This surgery is done using a laparoscope, which is a tube with a lighted camera, and surgical tools inserted through several small cuts made in the belly or, in the case of a single site laparoscopic procedure, one small cut made in the belly button. The surgeon performs the hysterectomy from outside the body, viewing the operation on a video screen. Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: The surgeon uses laparoscopic tools in the belly to assist in the removal of the uterus through an incision in the vagina. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy: This procedure is similar to a laparoscopic hysterectomy, but the surgeon controls a sophisticated robotic system of surgical tools from outside the body. Advanced technology allows the surgeon to use natural wrist movements and view the hysterectomy on a three-dimensional screen.


Question: How can you tell the difference between an ankle sprain or fracture?

Answer: A sprain may occur silently, or in severe cases there may be a popping sound. With a fracture, you might hear a crack. Is your ankle misshapen? While swelling is a symptom of both injuries, if your ankle looks clearly âoff,â it's most likely because a bone is broken. Does your ankle feel numb? With a sprain, you feel pain. But if you have numbness or tingling, your ankle is most likely broken. Where is the pain? If your ankle hurts or is tender to the touch directly over your ankle bone, you probably have a fracture. If the pain is in the soft part of your ankle, it's more likely a sprain. If you're still not sure, see your doctor. He can examine your ankle and give you a number of tests to figure out which injury you have. It's usually less involved when you are healing from a sprain.


Question: How is an ankle sprain treated?

Answer: Most sprains will clear up on their own. You may take anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve). And your doctor may advise you to try the â RICEâ method to ease your inflammation: Rest Ice Compression (with an elastic bandage) Elevation (ankle above the heart) You may need physical therapy for a moderate sprain. You should start range of motion exercises once the pain and swelling subside. Surgery is usually for severe cases when other treatments have failed.


Question: What is an ankle fracture?

Answer: This happens when at least one of three bones in your ankle breaks. If just one bone is broken, you may not realize how bad the injury is. But if multiple bones break at once, you will lose stability in your ankle and may not be able to walk. An ankle fracture can also lead to ligament damage.


Question: What is recovery like for an ankle sprain or fracture?

Answer: It could be a sprain, or it might be broken. Most sprains will clear up on their own. You should start range of motion exercises once the pain and swelling subside.


Question: How is an ankle fracture treated?

Answer: But if you have numbness or tingling, your ankle is most likely broken. You need to have the ankle immobilized. This could involve crutches or a cast. Your doctor may try to align the broken bones to help you heal. If the bones are unable to stay in place after your doctor has tried to stabilize the fracture, you might need surgery. You can also apply ice, elevate your ankle, and take pain relievers. Talk to your doctor.


Question: What should you know about an ankle sprain or a broken ankle?

Answer: It could be a sprain, or it might be broken. The symptoms of an ankle sprain are a lot like a fracture, but you'll need to know which injury you have so you can heal the right way. If your ankle hurts or is tender to the touch directly over your ankle bone, you probably have a fracture. You can also apply ice, elevate your ankle, and take pain relievers.


Question: How will my doctor help me manage diabetic enteropathy?

Answer: Your doctor will probably want to rule out other possible causes of your problem, like diet, medications, or diseases such as a thyroid disorder. If you have diabetic enteropathy, your doctor will try to find ways to help keep your blood sugar stable and control your symptoms.


Question: What is gastroparesis due to diabetes?

Answer: If diabetes damages this nerve, the food you eat slows down or stops on its way from the stomach to the small intestine. This is called gastroparesis (or delayed gastric emptying). It's more common in women than men.


Question: What GI diseases are common in people with diabetes other than gastroparesis, diabetic enteropathy, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer: Other GI diseases that are more common in people with diabetes include: Hepatitis C (infection of the liver) Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) Hemochromatosis (iron buildup that leads to liver damage) Always see your doctor if you have gut problems that are new or just won't go away.


Question: What are symptoms of gastroparesis due to diabetes?

Answer: Symptoms include: Feeling full after just a few bites of food Stomach bloating or discomfort after a meal Throwing up, or feeling like you're going to throw up Upper stomach pain Sometimes gastroparesis makes it difficult to control your blood sugar levels. That might be your first sign that you have the disorder.


Question: What upper GI problems can be caused by diabetes and what can be done to manage it?

Answer: It can cause upper GI problems. Nerve issues in the esophagus may cause heartburn and make it hard for you to swallow. Your doctor will tell you what range you should keep your blood sugar in so you can control these symptoms. He might also prescribe or suggest antacids and the amount you should take.


Question: Is there a treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer: There's no specific treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. But your doctor may recommend you keep your blood sugar under control, and he may suggest you lose weight. Or, he might prescribe medication to help your body better use insulin.


Question: What are the symptoms of diabetic enteropathy?

Answer: Diabetes-related damage to nerves in the intestines causes the food you eat to slow down or stop as your body processes it. That leads to constipation, and creates a breeding ground for unhealthy bacteria. As a result, you might have diarrhea (or a combination or constipation/diarrhea, which is the most common symptom of enteropathy). Stool might leak from your rectum, and you may find it hard to control bowel movements. The problem may get worse after you eat.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are several treatments for this condition. You're more likely to have it if you have gastroparesis. The first sign is usually a rise on a blood test called ALT, which checks your liver function. There's no specific treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Or, he might prescribe medication to help your body better use insulin.


Question: Can sleeping upright help an ear infection?

Answer: While it may sound strange, resting or sleeping sitting up rather than lying down can encourage fluid in your ear to drain. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear. Prop yourself up in bed with a stack of pillows, or sleep in an armchair that's a bit reclined.


Question: How can chewing gum help with ear pain?

Answer: If you're on an airplane or driving at high altitudes and your ear pain is from the change in air pressure, chew some gum. It can help lower that pressure and ease your symptoms.


Question: Should you treat your ear pain at home?

Answer: While research that says home remedies work for ear pain is scarce, most doctors agree these treatments are safe to try at home. Still, before you do, it's a good idea to talk with your doctor. Some options include: A cool or warm compress.


Question: When should you call a doctor about ear pain?

Answer: It's important to know when your discomfort might be a sign of something more serious. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: What signs and symptoms of an ear infection should I call my doctor about?

Answer: It's important to know when your discomfort might be a sign of something more serious. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: What can I take for pain because of an ear infection?

Answer: Try a pain reliever. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can often relieve the pain of an earache. Ask your doctor which is right for you.


Question: Can you treat an ear infection at home?

Answer: Still, it's helpful to know how you can treat ear pain at home. While research that says home remedies work for ear pain is scarce, most doctors agree these treatments are safe to try at home. Still, before you do, it's a good idea to talk with your doctor.


Question: How can sleeping upright help with ear pain?

Answer: While it may sound strange, resting or sleeping sitting up rather than lying down can encourage fluid in your ear to drain. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear. Prop yourself up in bed with a stack of pillows, or sleep in an armchair that's a bit reclined.


Question: Which pain relievers should you use for ear pain?

Answer: Ask your doctor which is right for you.


Question: How are olive oil drops used to treat ear pain?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear.


Question: How do you apply a cool or warm compress to treat ear pain?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: How can you use olive oil for an ear infection?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Olive oil or ear drops should not be used in people who have ear tubes or a ruptured ear drum. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear.


Question: How can you use a cool or warm compress for an ear infection?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: Can cat coughing be prevented?

Answer: You can lessen the chances that your cat will get the problems that lead to coughs: Have him tested for internal parasites. Don’t use perfumes, room fresheners, carpet deodorizers, hairspray, or aerosol cleaners that can irritate his lungs. Look for cat litter that doesn’t create dust or have added scent. Keep your pet active so his weight stays down. Cut stress. Many cats get ill when their surroundings or routines change. Keep feeding routines, play, and cleaning schedules the same each day. Run a humidifier when the air is dry, especially during cold winter months. Don’t expose your cat to cigarette smoke, especially if he has asthma. Give him a heartworm prevention medication, especially if you live in an area with mosquitos.


Question: What are other causes of coughing in cats?

Answer: Fungal lung infection.


Question: What can you do to help your vet diagnose your cat's cough?

Answer: Give her detailed information about the cough: Its quality: Does it sound wet or dry? Timing: When it happens at night, that's often a sign of fluid in the lungs or heart failure. Triggers: If your cat coughs after exercise, he might have heart disease. If it happens after a meal, it could mean problems with his larynx or esophagus. Knowing this can help your vet pinpoint the most likely causes, choose tests to confirm a diagnosis, and prescribe the best treatment.


Question: What causes asthma in cats?

Answer: Asthma causes include: Pollen Mold Cat litter dust Cigarette smoke Perfume Obesity Stress If you notice your pet coughing, take him to the vet.


Question: How common is asthma in cats?

Answer: It’s the most common feline respiratory disorder. About 800,000 American cats -- or 1 percent of all domestic cats in the U. S. -- have some form of it. Ones that spend at least part of their time outdoors are most likely to get it.


Question: How is cat coughing treated?

Answer: Pressure on your cat’s windpipe can cause damage and lead to a cough. Options include cough suppressants, antibiotics, steroids or other drugs, and even surgery. Asthma can’t be cured in pets or people, but you can manage it. Your vet will talk to you about lifestyle changes and medications. Don’t treat your pet without talking to a vet. The treatment for one kind of cough could end up making another type worse. Work with your vet to find the best option.


Question: How can you avoid burns while cooking in the kitchen?

Answer: In the Kitchen Cooking equipment is the leading cause of home fires and burn injuries. Take these steps to keep from getting hurt: Don't cook if you're holding a child. First, put them into a high chair nearby Never walk away from a hot stove Turn all your pot handles inward so they can't be knocked over If you're nursing, don't warm your baby's bottle in a microwave.


Question: What are some ways to prevent household hazards?

Answer: To prevent getting burned in other ways, plug all appliances into the wall, not into extension cords. Replace electrical cords if they look cracked or frayed. Protect your fireplace with a screen. If yours has a glass door, be aware that it takes a long time to cool down after your fire goes out. If you have small children, cover all unused electrical outlets.


Question: How common are burns and what causes them?

Answer: Where is this most likely to happen? Inside your home. Hot stoves, scalding bathwater, and space heaters are just a few household items that can cause severe burns. Here are the steps you can take to keep you and your family safe. In the Kitchen Cooking equipment is the leading cause of home fires and burn injuries.


Question: How can you avoid burns while in the kitchen?

Answer: First, put them into a high chair nearby Never walk away from a hot stove Turn all your pot handles inward so they can't be knocked over If you're nursing, don't warm your baby's bottle in a microwave. Microwaves don't heat evenly and can create hot spots that burn your baby's mouth. Slowly open any container that's been heated in the microwave. The steam inside it can burn you. Store lighters, matches, and flammable liquids in a high cabinet where children can't reach them.


Question: How can you avoid burns from outdoor grills?

Answer: Keep your grill far away from your house. Watch kids carefully and don't allow any horseplay near it. Store gasoline in your garage or a detached shed. Start your lawnmower or snow blower outside. Make sure the motor is cool before you refuel.


Question: In case of an emergency, how should you prepare for a house fire?

Answer: During a House Fire Three out of 5 families have an escape plan in case of fire, but 1 in 4 actually have practiced it. They should know to crawl to safety as well as how to âstop, drop, and rollâ if their clothes catch on fire. Invest in a safety ladder. If your home has an upstairs level, this can help your children get out quickly. You'll also need to practice using it. Never go back into a burning building. If your home does catch on fire, get to safety and wait for firefighters.


Question: How can you avoid burns while outside?

Answer: Here are the steps you can take to keep you and your family safe. When You're Outside Everyone, no matter their skin color, is at risk for sunburn. Always use sunscreen when spending time outside. Choose one with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15. Apply it 30 minutes before you go outside, and reapply it every 2 hours. Wear long sleeves, long pants, and a hat with a wide brim. Keep babies 6 months old and younger out of direct sunlight. Only use sunscreen on small areas of your baby's body, like his face or the backs of his hands.


Question: Whatâs a pediatric dentist/pedodontist, and how can one help with oral health care?

Answer: A pediatric dentist is the oral health care provider who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the dental problems of children from the age of one or two to early adulthood. This dentist can detect, treat, or refer (as needed) problems with decayed, missing, crowded, or crooked teeth. A pediatric dentist has at least two additional years of training beyond dental school.


Question: Whatâs a prosthodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?

Answer: A prosthodontist is the oral health care provider who specializes in the repair of natural teeth and/or the replacement of missing teeth on a much larger scale than the general dentist. The prosthodontist uses artificial teeth (dentures) or crowns (caps) to replace the missing or extracted teeth. The prosthodontist is also very involved in the replacement of teeth using dental implants. In addition, specially trained prosthodontists work with patients with head and neck deformities, replacing missing parts of the face and jaws with artificial substitutes.


Question: Whatâs an endodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?

Answer: An endodontist is the dental specialist concerned with the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the human dental pulp or the nerve of the tooth. This specialist may perform simple to difficult root canal treatments or other types of surgical root procedures.


Question: Whatâs a periodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?

Answer: A periodontist is the oral health care provider who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth (the gums) and the supporting structures (bones) of the teeth (both natural and man-made teeth). This dentist diagnoses and treats gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) as well as periodontitis (gum and bone disease). A periodontist may perform the following procedures: simple and deep pocket cleanings, root planing, crown lengthening procedures, soft tissue and/or bone grafting, gingival or flap procedures, soft tissue recontouring or removal (gingivoplasty or gingivectomy), hard tissue recontouring (osteoplasty), and implant placement.


Question: When should you see a doctor about a red spot in your eye?

Answer: Get treated if your red spot is caused by an eye injury.


Question: What will the doctor do if the red spot on an eye keeps coming back?

Answer: If a red spot keeps coming back, your doctor may: Ask you questions about your general health and symptoms Do an eye exam Take your blood pressure Do a routine blood test to make sure you don't have a serious bleeding disorder In most cases, there are no complications.


Question: What causes a red spot on an eye?

Answer: Most happen when your blood pressure spikes due to: Strong sneezing Straining Powerful coughing Vomiting Some red spots result from an injury or illness, like: Roughly rubbing your eye Trauma, like a foreign object stuck in your eye Contact lenses Viral infection Surgery Less common causes include: Diabetes High blood pressure Medicines that make you bleed easily (such as aspirin or blood thinners like coumadin) Blood clotting disorders Your doctor can tell you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage just from looking at your eye.


Question: What complications can happen if you have a red spot on your eye?

Answer: If a red spot keeps coming back, your doctor may: Ask you questions about your general health and symptoms Do an eye exam Take your blood pressure Do a routine blood test to make sure you don't have a serious bleeding disorder In most cases, there are no complications. It's rare, but a total subconjunctival hemorrhage may be a sign of a serious vascular disorder in older people.


Question: What is a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: There are lots of tiny blood vessels between the white of your eye and the sclera (the film that covers it). You won't notice any symptoms like vision changes, discharge, or pain. The only discomfort you may have is a scratchy feeling on the surface of your eye.


Question: How can strength training benefit your diabetes?

Answer: For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: How should I schedule my strength training if I have diabetes?

Answer: When you get started, set yourself up for success with a moderate schedule. Do each move 10-15 times (one set) up to three times a week. Once you get used to that, you can gradually do more, until you're doing three sets of 10-15 repetitions up to three times a week.


Question: How can I start strength training if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you're not active now, check in with your doctor first. Ask if there are any moves you should avoid. It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise.


Question: Is strength training effective for people with diabetes?

Answer: For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin. ( Also doing aerobic exercise may be even better.) The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with type 2 diabetes start a strength training program to help with blood sugar control.


Question: What should you do when you get started with strength training if you have diabetes?

Answer: When you get started, set yourself up for success with a moderate schedule. Do each move 10-15 times (one set) up to three times a week. Once you get used to that, you can gradually do more, until you're doing three sets of 10-15 repetitions up to three times a week. Always warm up before you exercise. Brisk walking is a good way to do that. When you're done strength training, do a series of stretches, holding each stretch for 30 to 60 seconds, to end your workout.


Question: How can you get started with strength training to help with your diabetes?

Answer: It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise. Your strength training program should work your whole body two to three times a week. Set up your schedule so that you work different muscle groups on different days, or do a longer workout less often.


Question: Is it okay to strength train if I have diabetes as I age?

Answer: It's never too late to start. As you age, strength training (also called resistance training), can help you keep doing everyday activities such as walking, lifting things, and climbing stairs. Plus, it's good for your bones.


Question: Can you strength train if you have diabetes?

Answer: Strength training is one of the best things you can do for your body. Plus, it's good for your bones. For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: Should I stretch before or after strength training?

Answer: It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise. When you're done strength training, do a series of stretches, holding each stretch for 30 to 60 seconds, to end your workout.


Question: Is it okay to strength train if I have diabetes?

Answer: Don't belong to a gym with weight machines? No problem! You can use hand-held weights, resistance bands, or even your own body weight to build muscle. For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: When should I call the doctor about my child's reflux?

Answer: Spits up brown, red, or green fluid Vomits or spits up forcefully every time Vomits and then has trouble breathing or is choking Won't eat or isn't gaining weight Cries frequently Wets fewer diapers than usual Is very drowsy or tired Has trouble breathing Feed your baby in an upright position, not while he or she is lying down.


Question: Should I use a push to slice my food if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Apple corers have lots of uses. Try one to slice or chop potatoes, squash, cucumbers, or pears. Cut off the end of the fruit or vegetable to make it level and to steady it on the cutting board. Then, line up the corer so that one handle faces your body and the other points away. Finally, put your forearms on the handles, and use the weight of your body to push the corer through whatever you need to slice up.


Question: Can I make cooking easier when I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your rheumatoid arthritis doesn't have to get in the way. Use some kitchen tricks from Melinda Winner, who has RA and wrote A Complete Illustrated Guide to Cooking with Arthritis.


Question: Should I roll large loads if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Do you need to move a heavy pot of water from the sink to the stove? Try a plant stand with wheels. First, use a measuring cup to fill the pot, then push the plant stand to the stove, and slide the pot onto the burner.


Question: Should I wear a ring when opening bottles if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Put a ring on it. Wear a plain, inexpensive ring on your thumb and use it like a bottle opener for containers of yogurt, sour cream, or other things. Position it under the lid's edge, and lift up with your hand to pop off the top.


Question: Should I use electric tools if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If it's tough to stir, reach for a tool that will do it for you. Use a small, handheld electric blender instead of a spoon. Look for one that also has a whisk, too.


Question: What are the follow-up steps that I can do for a person who had an allergic reaction to an insect sting?

Answer: Follow Up Make sure that someone stays with the person for 24 hours after anaphylaxis in case of another attack. Report the reaction to the person's doctor.


Question: What should I do if a  person is allergic to insect sting and stops breathing?

Answer: If this happens, notify emergency room staff. For a child, start CPR for children. For an adult, start adult CPR.


Question: What equipment is put on the body during a sleep study or polysomnogram (PSG), and what do they do?

Answer: Sticky surface electrodes will be put on your face, scalp, chest and limbs. They'll send electrical signals, which are generated by your brain and muscle activity, to the measuring equipment. While you sleep these signals are recorded digitally. These sensors record your brain activity, heart rate, heart rhythm and blood pressure.


Question: As far as a sleep study, what happens in 2-night evaluation polysomnogram (PSG) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration?

Answer: On the first night, you'll have general monitoring and diagnostic evaluation. If sleep apnea is discovered, you'll come back for a second night to determine the right air pressure for CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) treatment. It delivers air into your airways through a specially designed nasal mask.


Question: What can you expect during a sleep study or polysomnogram (PSG)?

Answer: On the night of your sleep study, you'll be assigned to a private bedroom in a sleep center or hospital. Near the bedroom will be a central monitoring area, where technicians watch and check on you while you sleep. You'll be hooked up to equipment that may look uncomfortable. However, most people fall asleep with little difficulty.


Question: What kind of a sleep study is a diagnostic overnight polysomnogram (PSG)?

Answer: Diagnostic overnight PSG is general monitoring of sleep and a variety of body functions during sleep, including breathing patterns, oxygen levels in the blood, heart rhythms, and limb movements Diagnostic daytime multiple sleep latency test ( MSLT) is used to diagnose narcolepsy and to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness.


Question: If I'm allergic to milk, can I have sheep or goat milk?

Answer: Also, ask your doctor if sheep and goat's milk are safe. For most people with a milk allergy, the answer is no -- the proteins in sheep and goat's milk are similar to those in cow's milk and also cause a reaction.


Question: What is the difference between lactose intolerance and a milk allergy?

Answer: Lactose intolerance is when you can't digest lactose, the sugar found in dairy products. You'll often get symptoms like stomach pain, gas, and diarrhea. With a milk allergy, the symptoms affect more than just your digestive tract. A milk allergy is when your immune system thinks dairy is a foreign invader and attacks it by releasing chemicals called histamines. Symptoms can range from wheezing problems to vomiting and diarrhea.


Question: What are foods with milk in them that should be avoided with a milk allergy?

Answer: Butter and butter fat Cheese, including cottage cheese and cheese sauces Cream, including sour cream Custard Milk, including buttermilk, powdered milk, and evaporated milk Yogurt Ice cream Pudding These foods often contain cow's milk protein. Check their labels before buying. If you're eating out, ask if milk was used to make them. Au gratin dishes and white sauces Baked goods -- bread, cookies, crackers, cakes Cake mix Cereals Chewing gum Chocolate and cream candy Coffee creamers Creamed or scalloped foods Donuts Malted milk Margarine Mashed potatoes Meats -- canned and processed, including cold cuts and deli meats Nougat, found in some candy Salad dressings Sherbet If you see these listed on a label, the food has milk proteins in it: Artificial butter or cheese flavor Casein or caseinates Curd Ghee Hydrolysates Lactalbumin, lactalbumin phosphate Lactose, lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, lactulose Rennet Whey or whey products These lists may not be complete.


Question: What dairy products should you avoid if you have a milk allergy?

Answer: Butter and butter fat Cheese, including cottage cheese and cheese sauces Cream, including sour cream Custard Milk, including buttermilk, powdered milk, and evaporated milk Yogurt Ice cream Pudding These foods often contain cow's milk protein.


Question: What are ingredients with milk that should be avoided with a milk allergy?

Answer: Au gratin dishes and white sauces Baked goods -- bread, cookies, crackers, cakes Cake mix Cereals Chewing gum Chocolate and cream candy Coffee creamers Creamed or scalloped foods Donuts Malted milk Margarine Mashed potatoes Meats -- canned and processed, including cold cuts and deli meats Nougat, found in some candy Salad dressings Sherbet If you see these listed on a label, the food has milk proteins in it: Artificial butter or cheese flavor Casein or caseinates Curd Ghee Hydrolysates Lactalbumin, lactalbumin phosphate Lactose, lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, lactulose Rennet Whey or whey products These lists may not be complete.


Question: What are tips for living well with a milk allergy?

Answer: Find other ways to get vitamins and minerals. Dairy products are an important source of calcium, protein, and vitamins D and B12. If you or your child has a milk allergy, foods such as broccoli, spinach, and soy products can help fill the void. A registered dietitian can help you develop a well-balanced eating plan. Try dairy substitutes. Drink soy, rice, and almond milk that are fortified with calcium and vitamin D. Look for non-dairy ice cream, chocolate, cheese, and yogurt. Be careful with kosher products. Some may contain milk protein, even those labeled "pareve," which are considered milk-free under kosher guidelines. Ask your pediatrician about safe formula. If you have a baby with a milk allergy, the doctor may suggest an extensively hydrolyzed, casein-based formula. Avoid milk outside the kitchen. Check labels on cosmetics, creams, and ointments to see if they contain cow's milk in any form. Some medicines also contain whey, which is made from milk.


Question: Is it possible that certain foods cause my child to be more hyperactive and should I cut them out?

Answer: Parents are encouraged to try cutting certain foods from their children's diet if they feel the foods affect behavior negatively. It's usually best to eliminate one food or category at a time so that you can be certain the effect you are seeing can be attributed to the category you are eliminating. Some experts, though, think that behavioral changes may be due to the way the families interact with each other while they're on an elimination diet. The child's behavior may improve -- not because of the diet, but as a result of getting more attention from the parents.


Question: Is it possible to prevent ADHD in children?

Answer: There is no scientific proof linking ADHD to sugar.


Question: What pregnancy complications are linked to ADHD?

Answer: Children whose mothers smoked while they were pregnant are twice as likely to develop ADHD. Some studies suggest a pregnant woman's exposure to lead, as well as lead exposure in early childhood, may be linked to ADHD. Other studies are exploring the possible connection between premature birth and ADHD.


Question: What is behavior management for children with ADHD?

Answer: Many therapists believe you can impact your child's behavior by using behavior management. The first step is to foster a positive parent-child relationship. Therapists say this can be done by spending quality time with your child each day -- your child's "special time." During this time, let them pick an activity. Then simply focus on enjoying your child and their interests. The next step in behavioral management is to use positive reinforcement when your child behaves well. Praise and reward them for it. Your child may behave well more often. Experts encourage parents to notice their child's good behavior at least five times a day and offer simple praise for it.


Question: For a child with ADHD, should I use the same reward system at home that the teacher at school uses?

Answer: If your child's teacher is using a behavior or reward system at school, try to implement a similar system at home. Many teachers use points, stickers, or color-level systems to reward good behavior.


Question: How can I help make sure my child with ADHD has a structured schedule?

Answer: Post a daily schedule where your child can see it, so they know what to expect. This daily schedule should include specific times for such activities as: Waking up Eating meals Playing Doing homework Doing chores Watching TV Taking part in after-school activities Going to bed Once the schedule is set, follow it as closely as possible each day. If there are going to be any disruptions in the schedule, explain them in advance to your child. Though posting a schedule doesn't prevent ADHD, it should help improve your child's ability to stay on task. For older children, with or without ADHD, having a homework routine in place can make the after-school time more effective. Set aside an area away from distractions for doing homework. Taking small breaks during homework time can also help, especially if your child is hyperactive and has difficulty staying focused.


Question: Does sugar cause ADHD?

Answer: Though there is no way to prevent ADHD , there are ways to help all children feel and do their best at home and at school. Processed sugars and carbohydrates may affect a child's activity level by rapidly raising blood sugar levels. This blood sugar spike may produce an adrenaline rush that could cause a child to become more active, followed by a "crash" in activity and mood as the adrenaline levels fall.


Question: How can I remind my child with ADHD of expected behaviors or consequences?

Answer: For older children, with or without ADHD, having a homework routine in place can make the after-school time more effective. For behavior therapy to work, give children with ADHD frequent reminders of expected behavior and consequences. One way to do this is to write down the rules, consequences, and rewards.


Question: Can I do anything during pregnancy to prevent my child from developing ADHD?

Answer: Though there is no way to prevent ADHD , there are ways to help all children feel and do their best at home and at school. So is avoiding the use of alcohol and drugs.


Question: How can I make sure my child with ADHD doesn't get bored with reward systems and remains involved in their goals?

Answer: For behavior therapy to work, give children with ADHD frequent reminders of expected behavior and consequences. They may do better with short-term goals rather than long-term ones. Keep changing the reward system so they don't get bored.


Question: How can I keep clear and reasonable expectations for my child with ADHD?

Answer: Then simply focus on enjoying your child and their interests. Clearly explain what type of behavior you expect from your child in order to be rewarded. If you think of several appropriate rewards and let your child pick from among them, they may take more ownership in the program. That will make success more likely. You can have your child repeat the directions back to you to make sure they understand. Finally, it is very important that you be consistent. If you don't always reward good behavior, for example, it sends your child mixed messages. Don't be too harsh. Keep changing the reward system so they don't get bored.


Question: What are the two main types of bipolar disorder?

Answer: These periods might last for weeks or months and are usually separated by periods of wellness. Type II causes periods of depression that alternate with a less severe form of mania called hypomania.


Question: What is rapid cycling, and how is it related to bipolar disorder?

Answer: Rapid cycling is not a type of bipolar disorder but a term used to describe the course of illness in people with bipolar I or II disorder. It applies when mood episodes occur four or more times over a 1-year period. Women are more likely to have this type of illness course than men and it can come and go at any time in the course of bipolar disorder. Rapid cycling is driven largely by depression and carries an increased risk for suicidal thoughts or behaviors.


Question: How can you immobilize a broken arm?

Answer: For less serious injuries: Cut away the sleeve if it cannot be removed without moving the injured arm. If you can without moving the arm, carefully tape it to rolled-up newspaper or a ruler with first aid tape.


Question: How can you reduce the swelling of a broken arm?

Answer: Apply ice. Elevate the arm above the heart, if possible.


Question: How is coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosed?

Answer: But you can manage many other risk factors, including: High cholesterol and triglycerides High blood pressure Smoking Metabolic syndrome Diabetes Obesity and overweight Lack of exercise Stress, depression, and anger Unhealthy diet Too much alcohol Sleep apnea Your doctor will give you a checkup and talk with you about your symptoms, risks, and family history. You may also get tests such as: Electrocardiogram ( ECG or EKG), which measures the heart's electrical activity and can assess heart damage Stress test -- Usually, this involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike in a doctor's office while your EKG, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored. Chest X-ray Blood tests to check on your levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood) Cardiac catheterization in which a doctor guides a very thin, flexible tube (called a catheter) through a blood vessel in your arm or leg to reach your heart.


Question: How can changing your lifestyle help with treating coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: Depending on your case, your plan may include: Lifestyle changes: These time-tested methods sound familiar for a reason -- they work! Favor foods that are low in trans fats, saturated fats, simple sugars, and sodium. If you smoke, quit. Be active every day, ideally for 30 minutes or more s day (first, ask your doctor if there are any limits on what you can do). Work to stick to a healthy weight. Learn effective ways to manage your stress.


Question: Which symptoms of coronary artery disease need an immediate 911 call?

Answer: You may feel: Tightness Discomfort Pressure Heaviness Squeezing Burning Aching Numbness Fullness If you have any of the following symptoms, call 911 immediately: Chest pain, especially in the center or left side of the chest, which lasts for a few minutes, or goes away and comes back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Some people mistake it for indigestion or heartburn. Discomfort in any part of your upper body. It could be in one or both arms, the shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach. Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort Nausea or vomiting with lightheadedness, dizziness, or cold sweat Women often have different heart attack symptoms than men.


Question: Do heart attack symptoms differ in men and women?

Answer: Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort Nausea or vomiting with lightheadedness, dizziness, or cold sweat Women often have different heart attack symptoms than men. While the most common red flag is still chest pain, women are more likely to have other symptoms, such as shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.


Question: What causes coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: The trouble starts when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. That makes arteries become harder and narrower, which doctors call âatherosclerosis.â In some cases, plaques can break or rupture. Chest X-ray Blood tests to check on your levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood) Cardiac catheterization in which a doctor guides a very thin, flexible tube (called a catheter) through a blood vessel in your arm or leg to reach your heart.


Question: What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: It's the most common type of heart disease. Although it's the top cause of death in the U. S., there is a lot you can do to prevent or treat it. The trouble starts when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It can take decades to block the blood flow, but it can eventually cause a heart attack or failure. Coronary artery disease ( CAD) becomes more likely as you get older or if it runs in your family.


Question: What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: It's the most common type of heart disease. The most common symptom of CAD is angina, or chest pain. You may also experience the feeling in the shoulders, arms, back, or jaw. You may feel: Tightness Discomfort Pressure Heaviness Squeezing Burning Aching Numbness Fullness If you have any of the following symptoms, call 911 immediately: Chest pain, especially in the center or left side of the chest, which lasts for a few minutes, or goes away and comes back. Some people mistake it for indigestion or heartburn.


Question: Which symptoms do IBS and lactose intolerance have in common?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation.


Question: Is lactose intolerance related to any other digestive diseases?

Answer: You're also more likely to have it if you have another digestive disease, like: Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Celiac disease Only a doctor can tell if your symptoms come from IBS or lactose intolerance.


Question: What can raise your odds of getting IBS?

Answer: Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose.


Question: What increases your chances of lactose intolerance?

Answer: The problem can run in families. You're also more likely to have it if you have another digestive disease, like: Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Celiac disease Only a doctor can tell if your symptoms come from IBS or lactose intolerance.


Question: What causes lactose intolerance?

Answer: Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of the enzyme lactase, which the gut uses to break down lactose. It's not a harmful condition, but it can keep you from getting the right amount of important nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, which most people get from dairy products.


Question: Is there a cure for lactose intolerance?

Answer: There is also no cure for lactose intolerance, but it usually helps to avoid milk, cheese, and other dairy foods. Some people with the condition can handle small amounts of them, and others have to cut them out completely. Your doctor or dietitian can help you figure out the right diet and suggest supplements that may help.


Question: What can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and lactose intolerance cause?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation.


Question: What's the difference between IBS and lactose intolerance?

Answer: If you have IBS, on the other hand, many things can be behind your symptoms. You can have both conditions at the same time, but they are two separate problems. Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose.


Question: Is there a cure for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: IBS symptoms can come and go, but it's a condition you'll have for the rest of your life. There is no cure for it. Medications like anti-diarrhea drugs or laxatives can make you feel better, too. It's important to work with a doctor to find the approach that works for you. Your doctor or dietitian can help you figure out the right diet and suggest supplements that may help.


Question: What's the difference between IBS and lactose intolerance?

Answer: If you have IBS, on the other hand, many things can be behind your symptoms. You can have both conditions at the same time, but they are two separate problems. Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose.


Question: Does lactose intolerance cause nausea?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation. You usually start to feel bad between 30 minutes and 2 hours after you eat milk or other dairy products.