Question: How can you prepare for a colorectal cancer surgery?

Answer: Your surgeon will meet with you to answer any questions you may have before your colorectal cancer procedure. You will be asked questions about your health history and a general physical exam will be performed. You may also need to meet with another doctor prior to surgery. Finally, you will meet with an anesthesiologist, who will discuss the type of pain medication (anesthesia) you will be given for surgery, and you will also learn about pain control after the operation. You will need to take the prescribed laxative medicine the evening before surgery. When you wake up from colorectal cancer surgery, you will be in a recovery room.


Question: What happens in a traditional "open" colorectal cancer surgery?

Answer: Before starting the surgery, your surgeon will take a thorough look at your abdominal cavity to make sure that laparoscopy will be safe for you. As a result, food may not pass through the colon as quickly, causing a sense of fullness or bloating.


Question: What is the healing power of honey?

Answer: Some also boost production of special cells that can repair tissue damaged by infection. But not all honey is the same. The antibacterial quality of honey depends on the type of honey as well as when and how it's harvested. Some kinds may be 100 times more potent than others. But some types, including manuka honey, also have other ingredients with antibacterial qualities. The honey used to treat wounds is a medical-grade honey.


Question: How is manuka honey used?

Answer: The main medical use for manuka honey is on top of a wound. It is generally used for treating minor wounds and burns. Manuka honey is also marketed for use in many other conditions, including: Preventing and treating cancer Reducing high cholesterol Reducing inflammation inside the body Treating diabetes Treating eye, ear, and sinus infections Treating gastrointestinal problems But the evidence is limited on whether it works for these conditions. Wounds and infections should be seen and treated by a health care professional.


Question: What are the components of manuka honey?

Answer: But not all honey is the same. Hydrogen peroxide gives most honey its antibiotic quality. But some types, including manuka honey, also have other ingredients with antibacterial qualities. The major antibacterial component in manuka honey is methylglyoxal ( MG). MG is a compound found in most types of honey, but usually only in small quantities. In manuka honey, MG comes from the conversion of another compound, dihydroxyacetone, that is found in high concentration in the nectar of manuka flowers. The higher the concentration of MG, the stronger the antibiotic effect. Honey producers have a scale for rating the potency of manuka honey. The rating is called UMF, which stands for Unique Manuka Factor. The UMF rating reflects the concentration of MG. To be considered potent enough to be therapeutic, manuka honey needs a minimum rating of 10 UMF. Honey at or above that level is marketed as " UMF Manuka Honey" or " Active Manuka Honey." The main medical use for manuka honey is on top of a wound. And there is concern that manuka honey may delay healing in people who have ulcers related to diabetes.


Question: What do scientific studies say about the effectiveness of manuka honey?

Answer: The higher the concentration of MG, the stronger the antibiotic effect. Another recent study suggests that manuka honey may help prevent gingivitis and other periodontal disease by reducing the buildup of plaque. Another possible benefit of honey is that, unlike antibiotics, it doesn't appear to lead to resistant bacteria. These so-called "superbugs" develop after repeated exposure to common antibiotics. Special antibiotics are needed to treat them. But most of the studies on manuka honey have been with small numbers of people, and so far, research hasn't shown that manuka honey helps with high cholesterol or balancing the bacteria in the gut. And no major studies have looked at the effect of manuka honey on cancer, diabetes, or fungal infections.


Question: What should I do about my stye?

Answer: It looks like a pimple, and it can be sore. Here are other signs: A red bump with or without a small pus spot in the center The feeling that there's something in your eye Your eye feels sensitive to bright light Crust along the eyelid A scratchy or itchy feeling around the eye Your eye makes extra tears After several days, most styes burst or go away on their own. Don't do that. It can make things worse. If the stye is sore, you can try a pain reliever like ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin). Don't wear eye makeup, and switch to glasses if you wear contacts. After the stye has healed, make sure you clean and disinfect your contact lenses in the solutions recommended by your eye doctor. You shouldn't have to see your doctor for a stye.


Question: What do the results of a uric acid blood test mean?

Answer: That's when you might need a uric acid blood test, which measures how much uric acid you have in your blood. It measures the uric acid in milligrams (mg) and the blood in deciliters (d L), so you'll see a number with units of mg/d L. What's a normal range varies with different labs, so check with your doctor to help you understand your result. You usually get results in 1 to 2 days, but it depends on your lab. Generally, your uric acid level is high when: For females, it's over 6 mg/d L For males, it's over 7 mg/d L High levels could be a sign of many conditions, including gout, kidney disease, and cancer. But it could be higher than normal because you eat foods with a lot of purines. That includes dried beans or certain fish such as anchovies, mackerel, and sardines. Usually, your doctor will order other tests at the same time to track down what's causing your symptoms. Your doctor will then help you understand what all your results mean and what your next steps are.


Question: Why is exercise important for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Being active gives you more energy and makes you less tired. It can boost your mood and help prevent bladder and bowel problems. Some type of aerobic exercise is important -- it lifts mood and boosts your heart health.


Question: How do aerobic exercises help people with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Exercise isn't just good for your overall health, it's an important part of multiple sclerosis ( MS) treatment. Some type of aerobic exercise is important -- it lifts mood and boosts your heart health. Walking, running, and biking are all good. If you have leg weakness or other problems moving, you could try other things like rowing or water aerobics.


Question: What should you know about congestive heart failure?

Answer: It means it's not pumping blood the way it should. When that happens, blood and fluid can back up in your body and make it harder for your kidneys to flush out sodium and water. That can make you hold on to too much fluid, which causes swelling. There's no cure. But your doctor may give you medication to do things like lower your blood pressure, relax your blood vessels, make your heart beat stronger, or ease swelling. And diet and lifestyle changes -- like not smoking -- can help, too. Anything that damages your heart muscle or makes it work too hard can lead to congestive heart failure.


Question: What causes congestive heart failure?

Answer: Congestive heart failure doesn't mean your heart has stopped. But your doctor may give you medication to do things like lower your blood pressure, relax your blood vessels, make your heart beat stronger, or ease swelling. Anything that damages your heart muscle or makes it work too hard can lead to congestive heart failure. High blood pressure: Blood pressure is the force of your blood as it pushes against the walls of your arteries. Other forms of heart disease, including heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, and coronary heart disease. Certain medical treatments, including cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. Thyroid disease. HIV and AIDS. Alcohol or drug abuse.


Question: What's the treatment for central precocious puberty?

Answer: If your doctor can find a specific cause, he'll treat that. In some cases, doctors can use a drug to block sex hormones and prevent further development. The part of the body where they get the shot or implant may hurt a bit, or their skin might get irritated around that spot, but there don't seem to be any long-term side effects. You'll probably want to keep up the treatment until your child gets old enough to let puberty continue -- around age 11 for girls and 12 for boys.


Question: How can I help my child deal with emotions related to central precocious puberty?

Answer: Talk with your child's doctor about what's happening. Keep the lines of communication open. Encourage your child to talk freely about her feelings. Treat your kid appropriately for her age. Watch out for teasing. Do what you can to boost her self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on academics or activities, rather than appearance.


Question: How do I know if my child has central precocious puberty?

Answer: Early puberty can also cause problems with bone growth. If the symptoms aren't severe, it can be hard to tell if it's CPP. Your doctor may want your child to see a doctor who focuses on children's hormones and growth, called a pediatric endocrinologist. He'll look for signs of puberty, but he may also check: Hormone levels Bone age Blood tests check levels of hormones. X-rays help find out if your child's bones are maturing too early. MRI or CT scans can rule out a tumor. These tests scan and make pictures of the inside of the body and brain.


Question: Where can I get support about central precocious puberty (CPP)?

Answer: But central precocious puberty ( CPP) is a rare condition. Most kids want to fit in with their peers.


Question: Can biofeedback help treat epilepsy?

Answer: There have been some studies of alternative treatments for epilepsy -- including biofeedback, melatonin, or large doses of vitamins: Biofeedback Biofeedback is a method of using relaxation or imagery to change body functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. A biofeedback practitioner measures these functions with electrodes and a monitor. Researchers have investigated whether biofeedback can help control seizures, but the results have not been encouraging. However, patients who have problems with anxiety or dealing with stressful situations may benefit from this therapy, in addition to their seizure medications.


Question: What is corneal topography and how does it help diagnose astigmatism?

Answer: This advanced technology provides the most detailed information about your cornea's shape. The doctor will tell you to look at something specific. Meanwhile, the device collects thousands of tiny measurements. A computer then builds a color map of your cornea from the data. Your doctor will refer to it if he plans surgery for astigmatism or cataracts. Contact lenses can also help, but you'll need a special pair.


Question: What problems can happen after LASIK?

Answer: Your eye doctor can correct it with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Once he covers your eyes with transparent shields, you're ready to go home. Most people who have LASIK are happy with the results. But there are some potential downsides to LASIK: The procedure could over- or under-correct your vision, which will require follow-up surgery. You may see a glare around lights at night. You might think this would be confusing, but most people adjust easily. You can wear contact lenses or handheld lenses to see what it'll be like before you get the surgery. If you have more severe astigmatism, you may have laser surgery instead.


Question: How can eyeglass lenses help with treating astigmatism?

Answer: The measurements tell your doctor about the shape of your cornea and how well it can focus. They work well when you look straight ahead. But depending on how much correction you need, they might make the floor or walls look tilted. This should go away as you get used to them. If you have severe astigmatism it might take a week or so. If your sight doesn't get better, ask your doctor to recheck your prescription.


Question: What is a phoropter?

Answer: The doctor will swing that big lens machine (it's called a phoropter) in front of your face. You'll look through it and tell him which lens choice helps you see the best. Sometimes, the doctor looks at your eye through a handheld device called a retinoscope. Then he'll offer you different choices in lenses through the phoropter to refine the fix until you can see the vision chart clearly. After he measures both eyes, he'll give you a prescription for glasses or contacts.


Question: How is astigmatism diagnosed?

Answer: A diagnosis starts with a visit to the eye doctor. Keratometry. This machine measures the bend in the center of your cornea. It determines the steepest and the flattest curves. The measurements tell your doctor about the shape of your cornea and how well it can focus. The doctor also uses the keratometer to fit contact lenses and to check your cornea after eye surgery.


Question: What are eating tips for when trying to lose weight?

Answer: Write down your reasons for wanting to lose weight. Sitting at home watching TV could be a trigger to eat when you're not hungry. If you're bored or stressed, go for a walk or text a friend. Eating out?


Question: Is memory loss normal?

Answer: Many of these causes are treatable. Here are some things that can lead to sudden memory loss -- and what you can do about them: Many prescription drugs you might take can affect your memory. If you feel sad or have lost interest in things you once enjoyed, see a mental health professional to get treated.


Question: What is amnesia?

Answer: When you can't focus, you can't remember very well. It can be caused by injury or damage to your brain.


Question: What drugs will you need to treat diabetes?

Answer: Your blood sugar (also called blood glucose) levels may be high if your pancreas is producing little or no insulin (type 1 diabetes), or if the body is not responding normally to insulin (type 2 diabetes). You will need insulin in the form of injections or through use of a continuous pump. Learning to give injections to yourself or to your infant or child may at first seem the most daunting part of managing diabetes, but it is much easier that you think. Some people with diabetes use a computerized pump -- called an insulin pump -- that gives insulin on a set basis. You and your doctor program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin throughout the day (the basal dose). Plus, you program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin based on your blood sugar level before you eat (bolus dose).


Question: Why do I need to take insulin if I have diabetes?

Answer: Your blood sugar (also called blood glucose) levels may be high if your pancreas is producing little or no insulin (type 1 diabetes), or if the body is not responding normally to insulin (type 2 diabetes). You will need insulin in the form of injections or through use of a continuous pump. Learning to give injections to yourself or to your infant or child may at first seem the most daunting part of managing diabetes, but it is much easier that you think.


Question: What are the benefits of exercise for people with diabetes?

Answer: Exercise helps some people with type 2 diabetes lower their blood glucose levels and may help prevent the disease in those at risk. For people with either type of diabetes, exercise can lower the chance of having a heart attack or stroke and can improve circulation. It may offer stress relief, as well. Most people with diabetes are encouraged to get at least 150 minutes each week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, like walking. Strength training is often recommended at least twice a week. Check with your doctor to see if a vitamin C supplement is right for you.


Question: Does vitamin E help diabetes?

Answer: Vitamin C may make up for low blood levels of insulin, which normally works to help cells absorb the vitamin. But too much can cause kidney stones and other problems. Talk to your doctor before adding this supplement.


Question: How may vitamin C help with the treatment for diabetes?

Answer: Talk to your doctor about what type of exercise is right for you. Vitamin C may make up for low blood levels of insulin, which normally works to help cells absorb the vitamin. Proper amounts of vitamin C may help the body maintain a good cholesterol level and keep blood sugar levels under control.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose the type of lung cancer?

Answer: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.


Question: Is lung cancer visible on an X-ray?

Answer: Once lung cancer begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Occasionally, lung cancer that has not yet begun to cause symptoms is spotted on a chest X-ray taken for another purpose. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.


Question: What tests do doctors use to determine the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread?

Answer: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.


Question: How long will I be contagious due to  bronchitis?

Answer: The first few days you're sick, it will probably be hard to tell if you have a âregularâ cold or bronchitis. Since you may not know what kind of illness you have -- and doctors don't test for individual viruses, since there are hundreds of them -- it's best to assume you could spread the disease while you have cold symptoms. There's blood in the mucus you cough up, or you have other symptoms that seem unusual for a cold.


Question: How can you tell if benign episodic unilateral mydriasis is causing your pupils to appear large?

Answer: When it's bright, they get smaller, or constrict, to let in less light. Medicines, injuries, and diseases can all cause this eye condition. Ask your eye doctor if you need to avoid driving until your pupils go back to their normal size.


Question: What are optimal doses of black currant?

Answer: Optimal doses of black currant have not been set for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it hard to set a standard dose. Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: How safe is black currant?

Answer: You can eat the berry of the black currant plant. The berry is also used as a flavoring in liqueurs and other products. More information is needed to know whether its dried leaf is safe.


Question: How should you exercise to prevent fatigue from hepatitis C?

Answer: You may have days when you feel fine and others when you're just too tired to do things you normally do. If your doctor gives you the green light, start with a 10-minute walk, and build up to 30 minutes of moderate activity on most days of the week. If you're having trouble with daily activities because you're too tired, talk to your doctor about your medication options.


Question: How should you pace yourself to prevent fatigue from hepatitis C?

Answer: Listen to your body and give yourself some downtime when you need it. It sounds hard when you're already tired, but moving around actually gives you energy.


Question: How is C-reactive protein produced?

Answer: LDL cholesterol not only coats the walls of your arteries, but it also damages them. This damage causes inflammation that the body tries to heal by sending a "response team" of proteins called "acute phase reactants." CRP is one of these proteins. It's a test for inflammation in the body. A variation of the CRP test, the high-sensitivity CRP (hs- CRP), is used to check for cardiovascular disease.


Question: What is a silent stroke?

Answer: They're called silent strokes, and they either have no easy-to-recognize symptoms, or you don't remember them. But they do cause permanent damage in your brain. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you've had more than one silent stroke, you may have thinking and memory problems. They can also lead to more severe strokes. A doctor may be able to see signs of silent strokes without testing.


Question: What are side effects and risks of bronchial thermoplasty for asthma?

Answer: It's a way to open your airways. It's common to feel sleepy right after your treatment. You may also cough or wheeze some, or be short of breath. These symptoms usually go away in a week. In rare cases, you may need hospital care for your symptoms. There is a risk that the treatment will trigger a bad asthma attack that may even cause you to be hospitalized.


Question: What causes rumination disorder?

Answer: The exact cause of rumination disorder is not known; however, there are several factors that may contribute to its development: Physical illness or severe stress may trigger the behavior. For some children, the act of chewing is comforting. It may be a way for the child to gain attention. Since most children outgrow rumination disorder, and older children and adults with this disorder tend to be secretive about it out of embarrassment, it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected. Rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children (between 3 and 12 months), and in children with intellectual disabilities.


Question: How do doctors diagnose temporal arteritis?

Answer: They'll also look for swelling and a weak pulse in the temporal artery in your scalp. You may need a biopsy of the temporal artery. If so, your doctor will numb an area of your scalp and remove a small piece of the temporal artery. A doctor will then check it under a microscope. The cells of an inflamed artery look very large under the microscope. Your doctor will do blood tests every few months to see if the inflammation in your arteries has gone down.


Question: What is the link between temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica?

Answer: The swelling slows blood flow through your arteries, and that can cause symptoms like headaches and pain in your face and joints. About half of people with temporal arteritis have polymyalgia rheumatica ( PMR) as well. Symptoms include stiffness and aching in your arms, neck, lower back, and thighs. It can be treated with medication and usually goes away within a few years. It's not clear how or why the two conditions are related.


Question: What is sensory processing disorder?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Formerly referred to as sensory integration dysfunction, it is not currently recognized as a distinct medical diagnosis. Others with sensory processing disorder may: Be uncoordinated Bump into things Be unable to tell where their limbs are in space Be hard to engage in conversation or play Sensory processing problems are usually identified in children.


Question: What causes mycosis fungoides and who can get it?

Answer: It could be related to a virus, exposure to a chemical, or your genes. It can happen at any age, but most people get it in their 50s or 60s. Men are two times more likely than women to have it. It can be hard for your doctor to know for sure that you have mycosis fungoides.


Question: What causes mycosis fungoides?

Answer: It could be related to a virus, exposure to a chemical, or your genes. It can happen at any age, but most people get it in their 50s or 60s. Men are two times more likely than women to have it. It can be hard for your doctor to know for sure that you have mycosis fungoides.


Question: What is SÃ©zary syndrome?

Answer: When cancerous T-cells are found in your blood as well as in your skin, it's called SÃ©zary syndrome. It may look like you have sunburn, and your skin may itch like crazy. SÃ©zary syndrome grows and spreads fast and is more difficult to treat than mycosis fungoides. This usually is used to treat advanced cases of mycosis fungoides and SÃ©zary syndrome.


Question: What non-food items can trigger wheat allergy?

Answer: It can be a challenge to avoid wheat because it's in so many things. Foods with wheat protein include: Bran Bread crumbs Bulgur Couscous Durum, durum flour, and durum wheat Einkorn Farina Farro (also known as emmer) Kamut Semolina Sprouted wheat Triticale Wheat (bran, germ, gluten, grass, malt, starch) Wheat berries Wheat flour (all types, including all-purpose, cake, enriched, graham, high protein or high gluten, and pastry) If you see any of these listed on a label, the food may have wheat in it: Gelatinized starch Gluten or vital gluten Hydrolyzed vegetable protein Natural flavoring Starch, modified starch, modified food starch Vegetable gum or starch You may be allergic to some other grains, too. Other non-food items such as shampoos and conditioners, lotions, and cosmetics may, too. You're not going to eat them, obviously, but ask your doctor if you need to avoid touching them.


Question: How much should you exercise to help control your diabetes?

Answer: You don't have to join a gym and do cross-training. Just walk, ride a bike, or play active video games. Your goal should be 30 minutes of activity that makes you sweat and breathe a little harder most days of the week. An active lifestyle helps you control your diabetes by bringing down your blood sugar. It also lowers your chances of getting heart disease. And when you're anxious, you may not manage your diabetes well.


Question: How can smoking affect how you control your diabetes?

Answer: This is even more important if you take insulin or drugs to control your blood sugars. Exercise. Diabetes raises your odds of heart disease. Smoking also can make it harder to exercise. Talk with your doctor about ways to quit.


Question: How do you do heat or ice therapy for aches and pains?

Answer: Heat boosts the flow of blood and nutrients to an area of the body. Cold slows blood flow, reducing swelling and pain. It's often best for short-term pain, like that from a sprain or a strain. Each can give you relief from these symptoms: Muscle aches, spasms, and pains Lower and upper back pain Stiff, swollen, or tender joints Neck stiffness Finger, hand, or wrist pain Knee pain For short-term pain relief of any of these conditions, apply a hot or cold compress using any of these items: An electric heating pad A gel pack that can be microwaved or frozen A bag of ice or frozen vegetables A washcloth or small towel soaked in hot or cold water (wring it out, fold it, and apply to the sore area) Whether you use heat or cold, be sure to wrap the pack in a thin towel to help protect your skin. Apply to the painful area for 15-20 minutes several times each day.


Question: What is stage 1 colon cancer?

Answer: The cancer is found only in the innermost lining of the colon. But it hasn't spread to the outer wall or outside the colon.


Question: What is stage 0 rectal cancer?

Answer: To treat this early stage cancer, a surgeon can remove the tumor or a small section of the rectum where the cancer is. The tumor has broken through the inner lining of the rectum.


Question: What is involved in the process of staging for lung cancer?

Answer: It depends on what type of lung cancer you have and how advanced it is. This usually involves getting a CT scan of the chest and abdomen, and possibly a PET scan. You may also get a bone scan, a CT or MRI scan of the brain, and other tests.


Question: What are the treatments for advanced lung cancer?

Answer: You might get radiation and chemotherapy to shrink tumors and help control symptoms. Before recommending which treatment or combination of treatments is right for you, your doctor will determine how advanced your lung cancer is, a process called staging.


Question: What raises my risk of lung cancer?

Answer: Although the disease is the No. It's much more common among people who smoke. Other risk factors are exposure to asbestos, radon gas, air pollution, and having had radiation therapy before. Smoking is almost always the cause.


Question: Can non-smokers get lung cancer?

Answer: But people who have never smoked can get it too. For some of these people, breathing in secondhand smoke may be a culprit, or there may be genetic or environmental causes, such as if you work with asbestos or are exposed to high levels of radon over a long time.


Question: What is the difference between bursitis and tendinitis?

Answer: Is one of your joints swollen and tender, and does it hurt when you move? Bursitis is different from tendinitis, which is inflammation or irritation in the cord, or tendon, that attaches your muscle to bone.


Question: How does surgery help treat varicose veins?

Answer: Surgical techniques to treat varicose veins include ligation (tying off of a vein) and stripping (removal of a long segment of vein), ambulatory phlebectomy, which allows for the removal of large surface veins through very small incisions that do not need stitches, and endoscopic vein surgery. Surgery is generally used to treat large varicose veins.


Question: What is radiofrequency occlusion for varicose veins?

Answer: During this procedure, a small catheter is inserted into the vein to deliver radiofrequency energy to the vein wall, causing it to heat, collapse, and seal shut. The procedure is generally done in an outpatient or in-office setting and may be done under local anesthesia. Surgery may be performed using local, spinal, or general anesthesia.


Question: What is frostbite?

Answer: In severely frigid weather, frostbite can happen in just 5 minutes. When it's cold out, exposed skin may get red or sore. Early frostbite affects the top layers of the skin. Instead, soak the affected hands and feet in warm water (104 F to 107 F), or place a washcloth with warm water on the affected areas that can't be submerged, like nose and ears, for at least 30 minutes.


Question: What are the symptoms of frostbite?

Answer: This is called frostnip, and it's an early warning sign of frostbite. If this happens, find warm shelter quickly. Symptoms of frostbite depend on how deep it goes into the body. There are three stages. Early frostbite affects the top layers of the skin. More advanced cases can go all the way through to the muscles and bones. As it thaws, it may get red.


Question: What is botulinum toxin?

Answer: There are four types: Onabotulinumtoxin A ( Botox/ Botox Cosmetic) Rimabotulinumtoxin B ( Myobloc) Abobotulinumtoxin A ( Dysport) Incobotulinumtoxin A ( Xeomin) These drugs also treat other problems, including a condition in which the neck muscles contract over and over (cervical dystonia), migraine headaches, and blinking you can't control (blepharospasm). Botox is the drug that people use to smooth wrinkles. Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine, which lets the muscle relax.


Question: How can I avoid a skin reaction from beauty products?

Answer: But if you notice that you have skin reactions -- like irritation, rashes, or allergies -- to certain ingredients, these tips can help you steer clear. Look for products with the fewest ingredients. Before you start to use a new product, place a small amount on the inside of your elbow and wait 48 to 72 hours. Always put fragrance on your clothes, not your skin. The labels "hypoallergenic," "dermatologist tested," "sensitivity tested," or "non-irritating" don't guarantee that your skin won't react.


Question: How can you avoid an allergic reaction to beauty products?

Answer: You'll be less likely to have a skin reaction to it. To make sure no perfume is included, look for products marked âfragrance-freeâ or âwithout perfume.â Preservatives are in almost every product that contains water. All of the most common preservatives have been linked to skin allergies. But that doesn't mean they cause allergic reactions in everyone. They might not bother your skin at all.


Question: What is neuromuscular therapy massage?

Answer: Four common strokes of Swedish massage are: Effleurage: a smooth, gliding stroke used to relax soft tissue Petrissage: the squeezing, rolling, or kneading that follows effleurage Friction: deep, circular movements that cause layers of tissue to rub against each other, helping to increase blood flow and break down scar tissue Tapotement: a short, alternating tap done with cupped hands, fingers, or the edge of the hand Deep tissue massage is best for giving attention to certain painful, stiff "trouble spots" in your body. This type of massage includes compression of muscles, mobilization of joints, and acupressure.


Question: How do you decide which massage style is best?

Answer: Before you can decide which massage style is best for you, you need to ask yourself a question. Before booking a massage, let the therapist know what you're looking for and ask which style the therapist uses. Many use more than one style. Or the therapist may customize your massage, depending on your age, condition, or any special needs or goals you have.


Question: What are different massage therapy styles?

Answer: Today, if you need or want a massage, you can choose from about 80 massage therapy styles with a wide variety of pressures, movements, and techniques. These all involve pressing, rubbing, or manipulating muscles and other soft tissues with hands and fingers. Sometimes, even forearms, elbows, or feet are used. The most common type of massage is Swedish massage therapy.


Question: What are the symptoms of cold sores?

Answer: Despite the name, when you get painful blisters called cold sores, don't blame your cold. They're most likely to appear on the outside of your mouth and lips, but you can also find them on your nose and cheeks. After the blisters form, you may notice that they break and ooze. A yellow crust or a scab builds up and eventually falls off, revealing new skin underneath. The sores usually last 7 to 10 days and can spread to other people until they crust over completely.


Question: What are cold sores?

Answer: Instead, they happen because of an infection with the herpes simplex virus ( HSV). Cold sores, also called fever blisters, can show up anywhere on your body. Cold sores are usually caused by HSV type 1.


Question: How serious are cold sores?

Answer: Cold sores are caused by a virus, but not the kind that makes you sniffle and sneeze. Sometimes kids who are affected may become seriously ill. After the first time you get cold sores, your body may develop antibodies, and you'll never have another infection. Complications from a cold sore can occur, but they are rare. If the infection spreads to the eye, it could affect your vision. If it spreads to the brain, it could lead to meningitis or encephalitis.


Question: How does age affect glaucoma?

Answer: You may not know you have it. Age makes it more likely, as do these things: A family history of glaucoma African or Hispanic ancestry High levels of farsightedness or nearsightedness Past eye injury High eye pressure or low blood pressure Diabetes Treatments include eye drops, other medication, laser treatment, and surgery. Retinal vessel occlusion is a common complication of diabetes or glaucoma.


Question: What are the different types of anxiety disorders?

Answer: Anxiety disorder is an umbrella term that includes different conditions: Panic disorder. You feel terror that strikes at random. During a panic attack, you may also sweat, have chest pain, and feel palpitations (unusually strong or irregular heartbeats). Sometimes you may feel like you're choking or having a heart attack. Social anxiety disorder. Also called social phobia, this is when you feel overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. You fixate about others judging you or on being embarrassed or ridiculed. Specific phobias. You feel intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as heights or flying. The fear goes beyond what's appropriate and may cause you to avoid ordinary situations. Generalized anxiety disorder. You feel excessive, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason. They're prescribed for social or generalized anxiety disorder as well as for panic attacks.


Question: What can help to manage the symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer: If you have symptoms, your doctor will examine you and ask for your medical history. Caffeine is a mood-altering drug, and it may make symptoms of anxiety disorders worse. Eat right, exercise, and get better sleep. Brisk aerobic exercises like jogging and biking help release brain chemicals that cut stress and improve your mood. Sleep problems and anxiety disorder often go hand in hand. Make getting good rest a priority. Follow a relaxing bedtime routine. Talk to your doctor if you still have trouble sleeping. Ask your doctor or pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter meds or herbal remedies. Many contain chemicals that can make anxiety symptoms worse.


Question: What are some symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Answer: Unfortunately, colorectal cancer may strike without symptoms. However, not all colorectal cancers are without symptoms. One of the early symptoms of colon cancer may be bleeding. Often, tumors bleed only small amounts, off and on, and evidence of the blood is found only during chemical testing of the stool. When tumors have grown larger, other symptoms may develop. Unusual stomach or gas pain Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Vomiting If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.


Question: What older antipsychotic drugs can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?

Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS) is a rare reaction to antipsychotic drugs that treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other mental health conditions. Most people who get it make a full recovery when it's found early. Any antipsychotic drug can cause NMS. But stronger drugs, like fluphenazine and haloperidol, are more likely to trigger it.


Question: How is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) diagnosed?

Answer: If you have symptoms like a high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, you should see a doctor, especially if you've just come back from a trip overseas. If your doctor suspects you have SARS, she can confirm it with lab tests and images from an X-ray or CT scan.


Question: Can aspirin prevent atherosclerosis?

Answer: You might not have symptoms until your artery is nearly closed or until you have a heart attack or stroke. Stenting helps ease symptoms, but it does not prevent heart attacks. Bypass surgery: Your doctor takes a healthy blood vessel, often from your leg or chest, and uses it to go around a blocked segment. These procedures can have complications.


Question: What is bowel incontinence?

Answer: Accidental bowel leakage is usually not a serious medical problem. For people with a specific cause of diarrhea, such as inflammatory bowel syndrome, other medications may also help. A person deflates the cuff during bowel movements and reinflates it to prevent bowel incontinence.


Question: What is used to do a flexible sigmoidoscopy?

Answer: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a test that a doctor uses to check the inner lining of your rectum and the lower part of your colon. A doctor uses it to view the lining of the rectum and the lower third of the colon. It's rare, but it's possible that sigmoidoscopy could puncture the colon.


Question: What are sun-sensitizing drugs?

Answer: Some reactions are caused by exposure to the sun's UVB or "short" waves, but most are caused by UVA or "long" wave exposure. People with HIV are among the most likely group to experience sun sensitivity to drugs.


Question: What effect can sun-sensitizing drugs have on the body?

Answer: Sun-sensitizing drugs can aggravate existing skin conditions, including eczema and herpes, and may inflame scar tissue. Sun exposure can also worsen or even precipitate autoimmune disorders, such as lupus. Can sunscreen help? But some ingredients in sunscreens are potentially photosensitizing, so in rare circumstances, it could worsen symptoms.


Question: When should I see my doctor if I think I have gestational diabetes insipidus?

Answer: As a result, you might go to the bathroom more than once or twice an hour. Most pregnant women make many trips to the bathroom at night due to pressure the growing baby puts on the bladder. But if you go a lot and have an intense thirst, it could be gestagenic diabetes. Most cases go away 4 to 6 weeks after you give birth.


Question: Can high blood pressure cause systolic heart failure?

Answer: With that extra work, your heart muscle gets thicker and doesn't work as well. In those cases, the heart has to pump harder to get blood through your body.


Question: Is there a cure for myelofibrosis?

Answer: Only through a process called allogenic stem cell transplantation. In MF, your stem cells don't work like they should. This causes scar tissue to build up in your bone marrow. During this treatment, you're given healthy stem cells from a donor to replace your faulty ones. So you should only try it if you have a high chance of complications from your MF. This treatment could make it more likely for you to get blood clots.


Question: Can chemotherapy help with spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?

Answer: Chemotherapy. Drugs like hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) or cladribine can help shrink your spleen and ease your pain. Hydroxyurea isn't good for you if you have severe anemia, and it could cause skin ulcers. Cladribine may cause bleeding or raise your risk of infections.


Question: Why is allogenic stem cell transplantation risky?

Answer: Before you start, you'll need high doses either of chemotherapy or radiation to destroy the cells in your bone marrow. Then the donor's healthy stem cells go into your body. You might hear a doctor call this "graft versus host disease." It can be life-threatening. The transplant could also damage your organs or blood vessels, cause cataracts, or lead to other types of cancer.


Question: Can you get surgery for spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?

Answer: One way to do this is to rank your risk of serious health problems using a scoring formula. Cladribine may cause bleeding or raise your risk of infections. Some people may get an enlarged liver after spleen removal or make too many platelets, which could cause blood clots. The drug anagrelide ( Agrylin) helps lower platelets after spleen surgery. Side effects include headaches or rapid heartbeat.


Question: What causes osteomyelitis?

Answer: Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection. A bone biopsy helps determine the type of organism, typically bacteria, causing the infection so the right medication can be prescribed.


Question: Who is more likely to get atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Things that most often lead to AFib Include: Age Genes Heart disease Sick sinus syndrome Heart attack High blood pressure Lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or emphysema, or a blood clot in your lung (pulmonary embolism) An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome Sleep apnea Infections caused by a virus Age: Your odds go up as you get older, especially after age 60. In part, that's because you're more likely to get heart disease and other conditions that can cause AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it.


Question: What are some ways to lower your chance of getting a yeast infection?

Answer: You're more likely to get one when you: Are pregnant Have diabetes Have a weakened immune system Take antibiotics Use birth control with high doses of the hormone estrogen Use douches or vaginal sprays It may not be possible for all women to prevent yeast infections, but here's what you can do to lower your odds. It doesn't hold onto heat or moisture. It will help keep you dry. They can boost your body temperature and increase the amount of moisture around your private parts. That raises your chances for a yeast infection. Don't douche. â Feminine hygiene productsâ like douches can disrupt the balance of bacteria in your vagina by removing some of the good bacteria that's supposed to be there to fight off infections. Skip the scent in feminine products. You don't need them for conditions like a cold, because they don't do anything against a virus.


Question: Who is most likely to get nail fungus?

Answer: But there are telltale signs when a fungal nail infection starts to settle in. Seniors tend to have slower-growing nails, reduced blood circulation, and a longer history of exposure to fungi. Men are also more likely than women to have nail fungus -- maybe because they're more in the habit of walking around barefoot at the gym. People with diabetes or other health conditions that weaken the immune system are also at higher risk.


Question: Is support available to help me cope with my inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: The condition can also make fat build up in places it shouldn't, like the blood, heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.


Question: What chemical am I lacking if I have inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Leptin tells your body you've eaten enough and to make insulin. How many people with this disease have you treated?


Question: What medication can help lighten dark skin patches caused by inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Do we need any more tests? How many people with this disease have you treated? What's the best way for us to manage this condition? What other symptoms should I watch for? How often should we see you? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research study? Is it important to let other family members know he has this disease? Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype.


Question: What is inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: It comes from the genes you got from one or both of your parents. It makes you lose the fat under your skin, so it can change the way you look. You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on the body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat What subtype of lipodystrophy is this?


Question: How can I treat my inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: A healthy lifestyle plays a big role. Everyone with lipodystrophy should eat a low-fat diet. People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases.


Question: Should I take birth control pills or hormone replacements if I have inherited lipodystrophy?

Answer: Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Women shouldn't use birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy for menopause because they can make levels of fats worse.


Question: Can inherited lipodystrophy be cured?

Answer: You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. How many people with this disease have you treated?


Question: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have high triglycerides?

Answer: If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment. The prescription forms of these fats include Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa.


Question: Do cholesterol medicines always work?

Answer: Even if you live a healthy lifestyle and take your pills correctly, you may need extra help getting your levels down to a healthier range. But that doesn't mean you have to live with high cholesterol. Help can come in the form of a second or even a third medication. Work with your doctor to build a better treatment plan. Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough.


Question: How are antivirals used in preventing the flu?

Answer: After you read this, talk to your doctor to see if antiviral drugs can help you feel better. However, the CDC discourages this as a routine practice, as it can lead to drug-resistant strains of the virus. Instead, the CDC recommends that people at risk of severe flu -- such as pregnant women or people with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease -- begin antiviral treatment as soon as flu symptoms appear. Others at high risk for complications from the flu include infants, the elderly, those with chronic illness, Native Americans and Alaskan Natives It's important, however, to remember that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent flu.


Question: What are antiviral drugs?

Answer: Antiviral drugs are prescription medications that may help prevent flu complications or shorten the severity and duration of flu once you have it. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help reduce the duration of flu symptoms in otherwise healthy children and adults and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of Best disease?

Answer: Unfortunately, there's no treatment. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Things will look blurry or warped. Your central vision could drop to 20/100 in later stages. Or you could lose vision in one eye, but not the other.


Question: What are the symptoms of juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?

Answer: Some people lose vision quickly over a few months. Most people will have vision loss ranging from 20/100 to 20/400 by the time they're 30 or 40. It doesn't affect peripheral, or side, vision. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places. Color vision goes away in later stages of the disease. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Symptoms: It causes central vision loss between 20/60 and 20/120.


Question: What does juvenile retinoschisis do to your eye?

Answer: Signs: This condition causes your retina to split into two layers. Blisters and blood vessels fill the space between them. Blood leaks into the vitreous fluid, the clear liquid that fills the inside of your eye. Over time, the vitreous fluid may pull away from your retina. Or the retina can detach from the inside wall of your eye. But surgery can help repair detached retinas.


Question: What does juvenile macular degeneration (JMD) damage in the eye?

Answer: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. There's a variety of inherited diseases that can lead to JMD. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.


Question: How does juvenile macular degeneration affect vision?

Answer: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places.


Question: Besides joint pain, what are symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

Answer: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. The rash and fever may appear and disappear quickly. Systemic JRA may cause the lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body to swell. In less than half of cases, internal organs including the heart and, very rarely, the lungs, may be involved.


Question: Do I need treatment if I am diagnosed with prostate cancer?

Answer: Many prostate tumors grow slowly, so you might not need to make decisions right away. Some men decide -- with their doctors -- that "watchful waiting" for symptoms, and "active surveillance," keeping close track of the cancer with tests, biopsies, and regular doctor's visits, are better options than surgery, chemo, or radiation. Research has shown that these can be safe options for many men. If the tumor starts to grow or if you're not comfortable with "doing nothing," talk with your doctor about moving forward with treatment.


Question: How can I treat my child's sore throat from a virus?

Answer: That means antibiotics, drugs used to treat bacterial infections, won't help your child get better any faster. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. If the sore throat stems from a cold virus, it's going to need to run its course. Try these home remedies to help your child feel better: Make sure he gets plenty of rest and drinks a lot of fluids. Use a humidifier. Inhale steam. Run hot water in a sink. Drape a towel over your child's head to trap the steam, and have him lean over the sink with the water running. Tell him to breathe deeply through his mouth and nose for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat several times a day. ( Be careful not to cause a steam burn, though.) Give him frozen treats like ice pops. Have him sip chicken broth or warm tea with honey. Don't give honey to a child under 12 months of age. For an older child: Have him gargle with warm salt water (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt per cup (8 ounces) of water). Give him throat lozenges or hard candy to suck on.


Question: Do antibiotics help for sore throats?

Answer: There's one exception: strep throat. Bacteria does cause that condition, so antibiotics will help. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. But they won't help your child get better any faster.


Question: How are fungal infections due to diabetes treated?

Answer: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.


Question: How are fungal infections from diabetes treated?

Answer: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes. Talk with your doctor about the right ones to use.


Question: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 3 pressure sore?

Answer: Recovery time: A Stage 1 pressure sore may go away in as little as 2 or 3 days. Recovery time: A Stage 3 pressure sore will take at least one month, and up to 4 months, to heal.


Question: What should I do if I have a Stage 2 pressure sore?

Answer: What to do: The first and most important thing to do with any pressure sore is to stop the pressure. Change your position or use foam pads, pillows, or mattresses. If you spend a lot of time in bed, try to move at least once every 2 hours. If you're sitting, move every 15 minutes. You may need someone to help you. Wash the sore with mild soap and water and dry it gently. It may help to eat a diet high in protein, vitamins A and C, and the minerals iron and zinc. These are all good for your skin. Also, drink plenty of water. Keep the sore covered with a see-through dressing or moist gauze. If you see signs of an infection (such as pus, fever, or redness), tell your doctor. Talk to your doctor.


Question: How long will an eye exam take?

Answer: If it's been more than a few years since your last visit, or if you've never had one, it's time get one on the calendar now. That includes time to get the exam and to get fitted for a prescription if you need it. Later appointments won't take as much time.


Question: Why are eye doctor appointments important?

Answer: Eye exams aren't only for people with poor vision. They're an important way to find eye problems before symptoms show up. Your eye doctor can also catch other problems, like diabetes, early on. If it's been more than a few years since your last visit, or if you've never had one, it's time get one on the calendar now. When else should you see the eye doctor?


Question: Is multiple sclerosis more common in certain parts of the world?

Answer: MS is an autoimmune condition. It's especially common in cooler climates like Scotland, Scandinavia, and throughout northern Europe -- places that are farther from the equator. This suggests that something about the place you live before puberty raises your odds of getting MS. But the risk factors could be in your genes. At one point, people believed each of these might cause MS.


Question: How are steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat asthma?

Answer: These medications work over the long term to treat symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. As a result, the airways are less sensitive and less likely to react to asthma triggers. Asthma Inhalers Asthma inhalers are the most common and effective way to deliver asthma medicine to the lungs.


Question: What is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

Answer: You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Even though Epstein- Barr virus ( EBV) isn't a household name, you've probably been infected without knowing it. Lots of people carry the virus but don't get sick. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.


Question: How is an Epstein-Barr virus infection treated?

Answer: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. Fever, fatigue, and sore throat could also be signs of other illnesses, like the flu or a cold.


Question: How is mono treated?

Answer: Once you're infected with EBV, symptoms can take 4 to 6 weeks to show up. Drink a lot of water and other liquids to stay hydrated. Suck on lozenges or ice pops, or gargle with warm salt water, to make your sore throat feel better. Take painkillers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring down fever and relieve body aches. ( Don't give aspirin to children under 19 years of age because of the risk of a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome.)


Question: What is Epstein-Barr virus?

Answer: You might know this disease better by its nickname, "mono." It's also called the "kissing disease" because of one way you can spread it to someone else. Like other viruses, Epstein- Barr can't be treated with antibiotics.


Question: Can bipolar disorder be prevented?

Answer: Other antiseizure medicines that are less well-established but still sometimes used experimentally for the treatment of bipolar disorder, such as oxcarbazapine ( Trileptal). It's not known if bipolar I disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to lower the risk of episodes of mania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker can help people to identify factors that can destabilize mood (such as poor medication adherence, sleep deprivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and poor stress management), leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Taking medicine on a regular basis can help to prevent future manic or depressive episodes.


Question: What are the symptoms of bipolar I disorder?

Answer: Abnormal behavior during manic episodes includes: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable), and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep Inflated self-image Excessive spending Hypersexuality Substance abuse People in manic episodes may spend money far beyond their means, have sex with people they wouldn't otherwise, or pursue grandiose, unrealistic plans. In severe manic episodes, a person loses touch with reality. They may become delusional and behave bizarrely. As a mood stabilizer that can be used by a "loading dose" method -- beginning at a very high dose -- valproate allows the possibility of significant improvement in mood as early as four to five days.


Question: What is recovery like from a gum tissue graft?

Answer: However, if your dentist gives you a sedative to help you relax, you will need to make arrangements to have someone else drive you home. Your dentist will give specific instructions regarding postoperative care, such as diet, physical activity, and medications. Do not floss or brush the gum line that was repaired until the area has healed. You will be asked to rinse your mouth with a special mouth rinse to help control plaque during the healing process, and you may be put on an antibiotic to reduce the risk of infection. However, if tissue is removed from your palate, you may be uncomfortable for a few days following the procedure.


Question: Is a gum tissue graft painful?

Answer: But instead of making a flap and removing tissue under the top layer of flesh, a small amount of tissue is removed directly from the roof of the mouth and then attached to the gum area being treated. If no tissue is removed from your palate, you should have little to no discomfort. However, if tissue is removed from your palate, you may be uncomfortable for a few days following the procedure. The wound on the roof of your mouth has been described as feeling like a major pizza burn, but the good news is it tends to heal quickly. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication or prescription pain medication can help keep you comfortable in the days following surgery.


Question: How often do people get depression?

Answer: For this type of ongoing treatment, which can last one year or longer, you may continue taking an antidepressant, with or without psychotherapy. Try to spend time with other people.


Question: What are depression relapses and recurrences?

Answer: A recurrence is a new episode that comes after six months or longer since the previous episode has resolved. Regardless of the timeline, it can be demoralizing to feel depression symptoms, such as sadness, fatigue, and irritability, creeping back into your life. After patients have been treated for an acute bout of depression, doctors sometimes place them on maintenance therapy to try to prevent another episode, especially if they're at high risk for a recurrence.


Question: How can I help myself treat depression relapse?

Answer: Be sure to get the right amount of sleep and steer clear of alcohol and illegal drugs, which can worsen depression. Expect your mood to improve gradually, not immediately.


Question: How can stretching and strength training help your back pain?

Answer: â One good exercise is to sit on the edge of the bed with one leg extended and the other one on the floor. â I recommend that patients use whichever they find comforting as long as their skin is protected.â The amount of rest you get is important, and so is the position you get it in.


Question: How can Pilates help your back pain?

Answer: I couldn't bend down or sleep â I was petrified I would never feel normal again.â Mary Ann Wilmarth, DPT, a spokeswoman for the American Physical Therapy Association and chief of physical therapy at Harvard University, says it is critical that people address any back pain or injury right away. Here are 12 ways to help alleviate back pain: Studies show that people with short-term low-back pain who rest feel more pain and have a harder time with daily tasks than those who stay active. They will match you with the right exercise plan.â Most people with chronic back pain would benefit from stronger abdominal muscles. Give your hamstrings a stretch by leaning forward while keeping your back in a neutral position.â It's tempting to baby your back muscles, but Davis says braces should be used sparingly.


Question: How can Feldenkrais method help your back pain?

Answer: Here are 12 ways to help alleviate back pain: Studies show that people with short-term low-back pain who rest feel more pain and have a harder time with daily tasks than those who stay active. â One good exercise is to sit on the edge of the bed with one leg extended and the other one on the floor.


Question: Does my child need medication for bed-wetting?

Answer: Bed-wetting tends to go away by itself. However, if after talking to your child's doctor you decide to treat your child with medications, several drug therapies are available. Talk to your child's doctor to determine if drug therapy is right for your child.


Question: What is DDAVP and how is it used to treat bed-wetting?

Answer: Here's an overview of each drug used to treat bed-wetting: DDAVP DDAVP is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH), a substance that occurs naturally in the body. This drug works by imitating ADH in the body, which reduces the amount of urine that the body produces and also increases the concentration of the urine. Its main use is for children who have not been helped by an alarm. It is also used as a stopgap measure to help children attend camps or sleepovers without embarrassment. It is an FDA-approved treatment for bed-wetting. Side effects of DDAVP are uncommon but may include: Headache Runny nose Nasal stuffiness Nosebleeds Tofranil Tofranil is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been used to treat bed-wetting for about 30 years.


Question: What is recovery like for an ankle sprain or fracture?

Answer: It could be a sprain, or it might be broken. Most sprains will clear up on their own. You should start range of motion exercises once the pain and swelling subside.


Question: How is an ankle fracture treated?

Answer: But if you have numbness or tingling, your ankle is most likely broken. You need to have the ankle immobilized. This could involve crutches or a cast. Your doctor may try to align the broken bones to help you heal. If the bones are unable to stay in place after your doctor has tried to stabilize the fracture, you might need surgery. You can also apply ice, elevate your ankle, and take pain relievers. Talk to your doctor.


Question: What should you know about an ankle sprain or a broken ankle?

Answer: It could be a sprain, or it might be broken. The symptoms of an ankle sprain are a lot like a fracture, but you'll need to know which injury you have so you can heal the right way. If your ankle hurts or is tender to the touch directly over your ankle bone, you probably have a fracture. You can also apply ice, elevate your ankle, and take pain relievers.


Question: When should you call your doctor immediately about back pain?

Answer: Certain back pain symptoms mean you should call your doctor ASAP. * New or progressive motor weakness, sometimes with numbness or tingling. * Loss of bowel or bladder function. * Pain for 6 weeks or more. Other red flags indicating that your back pain should be evaluated immediately include: * History of cancer or unexplained weight loss * History of immune system problems * Fever All is fine during the day, but as soon as your head hits the pillow your back starts to hurt, making sleep near impossible.


Question: What are the signs and symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer: There are several treatments for this condition. You're more likely to have it if you have gastroparesis. The first sign is usually a rise on a blood test called ALT, which checks your liver function. There's no specific treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Or, he might prescribe medication to help your body better use insulin.


Question: How are olive oil drops used to treat ear pain?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear.


Question: How do you apply a cool or warm compress to treat ear pain?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: How can you use olive oil for an ear infection?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Olive oil or ear drops should not be used in people who have ear tubes or a ruptured ear drum. This could ease pressure and pain in your middle ear.


Question: How can you use a cool or warm compress for an ear infection?

Answer: Put a few drops of warm olive oil in the ear that's giving you trouble, like you would use ear drops. Call your doctor if: You notice fluid (such as pus or blood) oozing out of your ear You have a high fever, headache, or are dizzy You believe an object is stuck in your ear You see swelling behind your ear, especially if that side of your face feels weak or you can't move the muscles there You've had severe ear pain and it suddenly stops (which could mean a ruptured eardrum) Your symptoms don't get better (or get worse) in 24 to 48 hours


Question: Do I need to tell the school nurse if my child is diagnosed with ADHD?

Answer: They can tell you what they've noticed, but after that, you would need to get a professional to evaluate your child to see if they have ADHD or if something else is going on. The school nurse may play a role in dispensing ADHD medications and monitoring for side effects. Your child's teacher will be important in carrying out the behavioral part of a treatment plan and in communicating about the effectiveness of medications.


Question: How is cat coughing treated?

Answer: Pressure on your cat’s windpipe can cause damage and lead to a cough. Options include cough suppressants, antibiotics, steroids or other drugs, and even surgery. Asthma can’t be cured in pets or people, but you can manage it. Your vet will talk to you about lifestyle changes and medications. Don’t treat your pet without talking to a vet. The treatment for one kind of cough could end up making another type worse. Work with your vet to find the best option.


Question: In case of an emergency, how should you prepare for a house fire?

Answer: During a House Fire Three out of 5 families have an escape plan in case of fire, but 1 in 4 actually have practiced it. They should know to crawl to safety as well as how to âstop, drop, and rollâ if their clothes catch on fire. Invest in a safety ladder. If your home has an upstairs level, this can help your children get out quickly. You'll also need to practice using it. Never go back into a burning building. If your home does catch on fire, get to safety and wait for firefighters.


Question: How can you avoid burns while outside?

Answer: Here are the steps you can take to keep you and your family safe. When You're Outside Everyone, no matter their skin color, is at risk for sunburn. Always use sunscreen when spending time outside. Choose one with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15. Apply it 30 minutes before you go outside, and reapply it every 2 hours. Wear long sleeves, long pants, and a hat with a wide brim. Keep babies 6 months old and younger out of direct sunlight. Only use sunscreen on small areas of your baby's body, like his face or the backs of his hands.


Question: Can testosterone therapy worsen benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Answer: Testosterone levels decline naturally in men as they age over decades. The result is difficulty urinating. This condition, benign prostatic hypertrophy, can be made worse by testosterone therapy.


Question: What is the difference between testosterone replacement and performance-enhancing steroids?

Answer: Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Isn't taking testosterone replacement basically the same as taking steroids, like athletes that "dope"? It's true that anabolic steroids used by some bodybuilders and athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act like testosterone.


Question: Is testosterone replacement therapy always a good solution to low testosterone levels?

Answer: Only men with symptoms of low testosterone and blood levels that confirm this as the cause of symptoms should consider testosterone replacement. Talking with your doctor is the only way to know if testosterone therapy is right for you. Symptoms of low testosterone include: Low sex drive (libido) Erectile dysfunction Fatigue and poor energy level Decreased muscle mass Body and facial hair loss Difficulty concentrating Depression Irritability Low sense of well-being If a man has symptoms of low testosterone and tests show he has an abnormally low testosterone level, a doctor may suggest treatment. Experts emphasize that the benefits and risks of long-term testosterone therapy are unknown, because large clinical trials haven't yet been done.


Question: What causes non-infectious vaginitis?

Answer: You could also have an infection without any symptoms. Most often, it's an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as: Detergents Douches Fabric softeners Perfumed soaps Spermicides Vaginal sprays It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or because you've had your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.


Question: What are symptoms of vaginal infections and vaginitis?

Answer: Having sex can make some symptoms worse. It burns when you pee. And you could have both at the same time.


Question: What is the psychological cost of psoriasis?

Answer: But it affects a lot more than your skin. â That can be difficult to deal with at times. And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.â One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. And a third of adults with the condition say it interferes with their love life. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.


Question: What are the emotional effects of psoriasis?

Answer: And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. â They may not âget it' until you open up to them. 'â A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.


Question: What is the emotional toll of psoriasis?

Answer: And psoriasis is chronic, so it's an everyday part of your life. When you take care of yourself mentally and emotionally, you'll be more likely to feel in control of your psoriasis. When they do, they may feel itchy, tight, and painful. â They may not âget it' until you open up to them. You can't catch it. 'â A long-term disease like psoriasis can make you feel like you're not in control.


Question: What are the pyschological side effects of psoriasis?

Answer: â That can be difficult to deal with at times. That may take a toll on your mood, your self-confidence, and even your relationships.â One study found that people with psoriasis have higher chances for depression and anxiety. Trouble is, stress can trigger psoriasis flares and pain. You might feel like you're stuck in a vicious cycle. Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. Those steps can help you feel healthy and in control -- and ease your psoriasis symptoms, too.


Question: How can I handle other people's reactions to my psoriasis?

Answer: Let your friends and family know how psoriasis affects you emotionally. You can't catch it. Others might have told you that you have to âlearn to live with it.â That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.


Question: Should I keep going to the doctor if I have psoriasis?

Answer: But treatment and some small changes to your daily habits can help you stay happy and healthy, Kaminska says. Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. But when you do, they'll want to support you,â Kaminska says. Others might have told you that you have to âlearn to live with it.â That's not true, says Crutchfield, who has psoriasis himself.


Question: Can I get professional help for the emotional side of psoriasis?

Answer: Your doctor should be able to recommend a therapist. â I tell people who make comments, â I have psoriasis, which is a genetic condition.


Question: What is a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer: There are lots of tiny blood vessels between the white of your eye and the sclera (the film that covers it). You won't notice any symptoms like vision changes, discharge, or pain. The only discomfort you may have is a scratchy feeling on the surface of your eye.


Question: How are middle ear implants used for hearing loss?

Answer: This type happens when the outer or middle ear can't bring sound to the inner ear. Sensorineural. In-the-ear. They also don't cause feedback and can stay in place when you swim or bathe, depending on the type of implant you have.


Question: How are bone-anchored hearing aids used for hearing loss?

Answer: In-the-ear. These devices are usually recommended for people with: Hearing loss in one ear Problems with the shape of their ear canals Conductive or mixed hearing loss with long-term ear infections Cochlear implants.


Question: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old?

Answer: At nine months, your baby has likely become an expert crawler. Some can even crawl up and down stairs with ease. At nine months, babies are also becoming experts at quickly changing position. They can push up to a crawl position, sit back down, and pivot to pick up a toy. Your little one may even be able to pull to a stand, and may soon start cruising around the room while holding onto furniture. In addition to getting ready for walking, 9-month-old babies are also improving their fine motor skills. With their pincer grasp, they're able to pick up smaller toys, and they can better coordinate the movement of both hands. These little sleuths will use their newfound motor skills to try to figure out how everything works -- which peg fits in the round hole, how cups fit inside one another, and which end of the toy telephone goes over their ear. Remember that each baby's motor skills develop differently.


Question: How do I know if I have hammertoes?

Answer: Usually, an X-ray is part of this exam to assess the extent of the deformity. You should see a doctor if you have a hammertoe.


Question: How can I treat my hammertoes?

Answer: In the meantime, there are steps you can take to relieve the pain and discomfort: Wear only shoes that are high and broad across the toes, called a wide toe-box shoe. There should be at least one-half inch of space between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe. Don't wear heels higher than 2 inches. Wear the appropriate shoe for the activity you are doing. You can buy non-medicated hammertoe pads. Some brands have a gel lining that can prevent irritation of the toe by the shoe. Gently massaging the toe may help relieve pain. Put ice packs on the hammertoe to reduce painful swelling.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor during an exam for constipation?

Answer: The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine. How much fiber do I need to eat? How soon should my constipation improve? Do I need to see a gastroenterologist? When should I make an appointment to see you again?


Question: When should you get a check-up for constipation?

Answer: Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long. During the exam, the doctor may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to check for a blockage or signs of blood.


Question: What will your doctor ask during an exam for constipation?

Answer: Also see your doctor if: You've never been constipated before now You have stomach pain You've noticed blood in your stools You're losing weight without trying Don't let constipation go unchecked for too long. Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you.


Question: How is constipation treated?

Answer: The most common causes of constipation are pretty easy to remedy, including: Too little fiber in your diet -- eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains A lack of fluids -- drink more water and less liquids that contain caffeine (which can be constipating), such as soda and coffee Too little exercise -- increase the amount of physical activity you do each day Ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom -- schedule a specific time to go each day The use of certain medicines, such as antacids, blood pressure medicines, pain relievers, antidepressants, iron supplements, and anticonvulsants; talk to your doctor about switching to a different medicine. Do I need to see a gastroenterologist? Once the cause of your constipation has been determined, your doctor will discuss treatments with you. Stay in touch with your doctor while following your constipation treatment. It's possible to become dependent on laxatives and need them to have a bowel movement. In that case, your doctor may have to wean you off laxatives to get your system back to normal.


Question: What happens during an exam for constipation?

Answer: He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you. Sometimes, your doctor may recommend that you have tests such as a barium enema X-ray, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. These diagnostic tests allow your doctor to look for problems in your intestines, colon, and rectum.


Question: Is it normal to be constipated?

Answer: Often, constipation will go away on its own within a few days or get better after you use laxatives or another constipation treatment. He or she will ask questions about your constipation, including: When your constipation started How often you normally have bowel movements The consistency of your stools and whether you have to strain during bowel movements Whether you've noticed blood in your stools What other constipation symptoms you're experiencing (abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss) What, if anything, seems to relieve your constipation or make it worse Your eating habits Your family and personal history of colon cancer or digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome What medicines you're taking These questions may sound personal, but they're the only way your doctor can learn why you're constipated and find the best constipation treatment for you.


Question: Can you strength train if you have diabetes?

Answer: Strength training is one of the best things you can do for your body. Plus, it's good for your bones. For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: Should I stretch before or after strength training?

Answer: It's a good idea to work with a certified fitness instructor or trainer, so you learn the right way to do each exercise. When you're done strength training, do a series of stretches, holding each stretch for 30 to 60 seconds, to end your workout.


Question: Is it okay to strength train if I have diabetes?

Answer: Don't belong to a gym with weight machines? No problem! You can use hand-held weights, resistance bands, or even your own body weight to build muscle. For people with diabetes, strength training helps the body : Respond better to insulin Improve the way it uses blood sugar Lose weight Lower your risk for heart disease Studies show that it's as good as aerobic exercise at boosting how well your body uses insulin.


Question: Are 100-calorie snack packs healthy for people with diabetes?

Answer: They may seem like they're good for you, but they could actually be sabotaging your efforts. So they can be high in calories. One study found that overweight people who rely on diet soda end up taking in more calories from food. So be honest with yourself: Can you really stop after one?


Question: What should I do if a  person is allergic to insect sting and stops breathing?

Answer: If this happens, notify emergency room staff. For a child, start CPR for children. For an adult, start adult CPR.


Question: How will my diabetes affect labor?

Answer: It may not be safe to use some drugs, or you may get better sugar control. Labor can be a stressful time for you and the baby. If you've been using insulin during your pregnancy, insulin needs will continue through labor. Right after delivery, your need for insulin will likely drop quickly.


Question: What are the effects of diabetes on pregnancy?

Answer: If you're thinking about having a baby, take steps to lessen the risks for both you and your child. If you regularly have high blood sugar levels while you're pregnant (and especially in the 24 hours before delivery), your baby may get dangerously low blood sugar right after they're born. Changing what and how you eat will help you avoid problems with your blood sugar levels.


Question: Does diabetes affect pregnancies?

Answer: If you're thinking about having a baby, take steps to lessen the risks for both you and your child. If you regularly have high blood sugar levels while you're pregnant (and especially in the 24 hours before delivery), your baby may get dangerously low blood sugar right after they're born. Changing what and how you eat will help you avoid problems with your blood sugar levels.


Question: How will your blood sugar change during labor and delivery if you have diabetes?

Answer: It may not be safe to use some drugs, or you may get better sugar control. Labor can be a stressful time for you and the baby. If you've been using insulin during your pregnancy, insulin needs will continue through labor. Right after delivery, your need for insulin will likely drop quickly.


Question: What can you do to manage adenocarcinoma?

Answer: If you do have cancer and start treatment, imaging tests can also help your doctor learn how well your treatment is working. They can be a huge source of support. Check the web site of the American Cancer Society. You can find out about local support groups, where you'll meet people who have the same type of cancer as you and can share their experience.


Question: How does adenocarcinoma start in the breasts?

Answer: The disease can also start in your rectum, the part of your large intestine where the leftover waste from digested food, called stool, gets pushed out of your body. Most prostate cancers are this type.


Question: How can you get adenocarcinoma?

Answer: You get adenocarcinoma when cells in the glands that line your organs grow out of control. They may spread to other places and harm healthy tissue. If you do have cancer and start treatment, imaging tests can also help your doctor learn how well your treatment is working.


Question: Does sugar cause ADHD?

Answer: Though there is no way to prevent ADHD , there are ways to help all children feel and do their best at home and at school. Processed sugars and carbohydrates may affect a child's activity level by rapidly raising blood sugar levels. This blood sugar spike may produce an adrenaline rush that could cause a child to become more active, followed by a "crash" in activity and mood as the adrenaline levels fall.


Question: How can I remind my child with ADHD of expected behaviors or consequences?

Answer: For older children, with or without ADHD, having a homework routine in place can make the after-school time more effective. For behavior therapy to work, give children with ADHD frequent reminders of expected behavior and consequences. One way to do this is to write down the rules, consequences, and rewards.


Question: Can I do anything during pregnancy to prevent my child from developing ADHD?

Answer: Though there is no way to prevent ADHD , there are ways to help all children feel and do their best at home and at school. So is avoiding the use of alcohol and drugs.


Question: How can I make sure my child with ADHD doesn't get bored with reward systems and remains involved in their goals?

Answer: For behavior therapy to work, give children with ADHD frequent reminders of expected behavior and consequences. They may do better with short-term goals rather than long-term ones. Keep changing the reward system so they don't get bored.


Question: How can I keep clear and reasonable expectations for my child with ADHD?

Answer: Then simply focus on enjoying your child and their interests. Clearly explain what type of behavior you expect from your child in order to be rewarded. If you think of several appropriate rewards and let your child pick from among them, they may take more ownership in the program. That will make success more likely. You can have your child repeat the directions back to you to make sure they understand. Finally, it is very important that you be consistent. If you don't always reward good behavior, for example, it sends your child mixed messages. Don't be too harsh. Keep changing the reward system so they don't get bored.


Question: What causes coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: The trouble starts when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. That makes arteries become harder and narrower, which doctors call âatherosclerosis.â In some cases, plaques can break or rupture. Chest X-ray Blood tests to check on your levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood) Cardiac catheterization in which a doctor guides a very thin, flexible tube (called a catheter) through a blood vessel in your arm or leg to reach your heart.


Question: What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: It's the most common type of heart disease. Although it's the top cause of death in the U. S., there is a lot you can do to prevent or treat it. The trouble starts when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It can take decades to block the blood flow, but it can eventually cause a heart attack or failure. Coronary artery disease ( CAD) becomes more likely as you get older or if it runs in your family.


Question: What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer: It's the most common type of heart disease. The most common symptom of CAD is angina, or chest pain. You may also experience the feeling in the shoulders, arms, back, or jaw. You may feel: Tightness Discomfort Pressure Heaviness Squeezing Burning Aching Numbness Fullness If you have any of the following symptoms, call 911 immediately: Chest pain, especially in the center or left side of the chest, which lasts for a few minutes, or goes away and comes back. Some people mistake it for indigestion or heartburn.


Question: What's the difference between IBS and lactose intolerance?

Answer: If you have IBS, on the other hand, many things can be behind your symptoms. You can have both conditions at the same time, but they are two separate problems. Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose.


Question: Is there a cure for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: IBS symptoms can come and go, but it's a condition you'll have for the rest of your life. There is no cure for it. Medications like anti-diarrhea drugs or laxatives can make you feel better, too. It's important to work with a doctor to find the approach that works for you. Your doctor or dietitian can help you figure out the right diet and suggest supplements that may help.


Question: What's the difference between IBS and lactose intolerance?

Answer: If you have IBS, on the other hand, many things can be behind your symptoms. You can have both conditions at the same time, but they are two separate problems. Although the cause is still a mystery, doctors do know some things that can raise your risk for IBS, including: Your genes Infections in your intestines Long-term stress or emotional trauma Lactose intolerance is better understood: The body can't digest the sugar in milk, called lactose.


Question: Does lactose intolerance cause nausea?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation. You usually start to feel bad between 30 minutes and 2 hours after you eat milk or other dairy products.


Question: What symptoms can lactose intolerance cause?

Answer: IBS and lactose intolerance can both cause: Bloating or swelling in your belly Pain Diarrhea Gas IBS can also cause constipation. There is also no cure for lactose intolerance, but it usually helps to avoid milk, cheese, and other dairy foods.


Question: How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or lactose intolerance treated?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and lactose intolerance can seem similar. They usually diagnose IBS based on the symptoms you describe.


Question: What symptoms can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause?

Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and lactose intolerance can seem similar. Symptoms can change over time and flare up, get better, or disappear. Medications like anti-diarrhea drugs or laxatives can make you feel better, too.


Question: When should you ask your doctor for prescription medication for psoriasis on your face?

Answer: These include: Apremilast ( Otezla) Cyclosporine ( Neoral) Low-dose retinoids Methotrexate ( Trexall) Biologics such as: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita) Brodalumad ( Sliq) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi) Infliximab ( Remicade) Risankizumab-rzaa ( SKYRIZI) Secukinumab ( Cosentyx) Ustekinumab ( Stelara) Each works differently, but they can be helpful for moderate to severe psoriasis. Ask your doctor if you can use makeup to conceal the psoriasis on your face.


Question: Besides medicine, what else can help my psoriasis?

Answer: Lotion, creams, or other moisturizers. UVB phototherapy.


Question: How can psoriasis affect the ears?

Answer: Eyes Dry, inflamed, irritated eyes Trouble seeing Ears Scales build up and can block your ear canal, causing hearing loss. Usually, psoriasis doesn't affect the inner ear. Ask your doctor if you can use makeup to conceal the psoriasis on your face.


Question: What are the main treatments for psoriasis on the face?

Answer: Your doctor may prescribe just one or a mixture of them, including treatments that go on your skin such as: Low-potency corticosteroids, which are ointments, creams, lotions, and sprays that reduce redness and swelling. Synthetic vitamin D , such as calcipotriene ( Dovonex, Sorilux) ointment or cream, slows the growth of skin cells. But it can also irritate your face. Calcitriol ( Rocaltrol, Vectical) is a newer vitamin D drug for psoriasis that some studies suggest may be better for sensitive skin. Retinoids, such as tazarotene gel ( Tazorac), help remove scales and may ease inflammation.