Question: How is coal tar used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: It also comes in many different forms, including shampoo to treat scalp psoriasis. The weaker products are available OTC. But coal tar doesn't smell good, and it can irritate your skin and stain your clothes. And you'll need to follow the directions carefully. Some studies show that chemicals in coal tar can lead to cancer but only at very high doses. It's safe to use these products if you follow your doctor's instructions. Steroids (corticosteroids) help with inflammation and slow the growth of skin cells so they don't build up. They come in different strengths.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Steroids (corticosteroids) help with inflammation and slow the growth of skin cells so they don't build up. They come in different strengths. Weaker formulas may work for sensitive areas like your face or neck or skin-fold areas like your groin or armpit. You may need stronger ones for tough-to-treat places like your elbows and knees. Steroids sometimes work better when they're used along with other medications. Your doctor probably will recommend that you use these twice a day. She may suggest that you wrap the area with tape or plastic after you treat it. This is called occlusion. It can help some treatments work better, but it may also make side effects stronger.


Question: When should I switch my treatment for psoriasis?

Answer: So over time, your doctor may suggest that you switch to different types of creams. You may also use them along with other kinds of treatments, like phototherapy or medications you take by mouth or with shots. And don't be surprised if something that was working stops -- or something that's never helped before starts to do some good. Let your doctor know what makes a difference and what doesn't. Together, you can find the treatment that's right for you.


Question: How are Elidel, Protopic, and Eucrisa used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) can also help with inflammation. Your doctor may call these drugs calcineurin inhibitors. They're sometimes used to treat psoriasis when other medications don't work. Be sure to read the FDA warning on the label. There may be a link between calcineurin inhibitors and lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) and skin cancer.


Question: How are moisturizers and lotions used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Moisturizers and emollients you buy without a prescription can help control flare-ups. In general, thick, greasy lotions, creams, and ointments that trap moisture in your skin work best.


Question: How is anthralin used to treat psoriasis?

Answer: Anthralin slows the growth of skin cells and eases inflammation. It doesn't have any serious side effects, but it can irritate your skin and stain clothes, sheets, and skin. It's often used with other medications.


Question: What do you need to know before using topical treatments for psoriasis?

Answer: Before using topical treatments, make sure you understand the directions and the side effects they can cause. And stick with your treatment plan once you start. If you don't use your medication regularly, your psoriasis could get worse.


Question: How does pimecrolimus (Elidel), tacrolimus (Protopic), and crisaborole (Eucrisa) treat psoriasis?

Answer: Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) can also help with inflammation. Your doctor may call these drugs calcineurin inhibitors. They're sometimes used to treat psoriasis when other medications don't work. Be sure to read the FDA warning on the label.


Question: How does anthralin treat psoriasis?

Answer: Anthralin slows the growth of skin cells and eases inflammation. It doesn't have any serious side effects, but it can irritate your skin and stain clothes, sheets, and skin. It's often used with other medications.


Question: Can topical treatments help psoriasis?

Answer: These are called topical treatments -- meaning you put them directly on your skin or scalp. You can get some over the counter ( OTC) at the drug store, but you'll need a prescription for others. It may take time to find what works best for you. These ointments, gels, creams, lotions, foams, and solutions make your skin cells grow more slowly. Together, you can find the treatment that's right for you.


Question: What are the side effects of psoriasis medication?

Answer: Steroids sometimes work better when they're used along with other medications. The side effects include: Thin skin Changes in skin color Bruising Stretch marks Broken blood vessels Make sure you follow your doctor's directions. Using steroids too often has been linked to serious health problems, including certain kinds of cancer.


Question: What are the side effects of using steroids (corticosteroids) for treating psoriasis?

Answer: Steroids sometimes work better when they're used along with other medications. The side effects include: Thin skin Changes in skin color Bruising Stretch marks Broken blood vessels Make sure you follow your doctor's directions. Using steroids too often has been linked to serious health problems, including certain kinds of cancer.


Question: How does vitamin D treat psoriasis?

Answer: Over the long-term, they may be safer for you than steroids, but they can irritate your skin. Your doctor will probably suggest you use small amounts twice a day. Be careful not to get it on your healthy skin. Vitamin D analogues include: Calcipotriene ( Calcitrene, Dovonex, Sorilux) Calcitriol ( Rocaltrol and Vectical) Tacalcitol ( Bonalfa and Curatoderm) Your doctor also may recommend that you use vitamin D along with a steroid.


Question: What are symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer: Get emergency medical help right away if you have warning signs of a stroke, including: Trouble speaking Weakness in your arm or leg Drooping of your face on one side Loss of balance Also get medical help right away if you have symptoms of a heart attack: Pressure, squeezing, or pain in your chest Pain in your upper back or neck Pain that radiates down the arms Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Fatigue


Question: How big can xanthomas be?

Answer: Sometimes these growths can also form on your: Hands Elbows Knees Feet Buttocks Some xanthomas may be very small. Others may grow as large as 3 inches. Smaller bumps can join together to form larger growths. They don't necessarily cause pain, but it depends on their location.


Question: Can xanthomas cause Achilles tendinitis?

Answer: Achilles Tendinitis When xanthomas form in your Achilles tendon, they can cause Achilles tendonitis -- pain, stiffness, and swelling in the back of the heel.


Question: When should you get emergency help about warning signs of a stroke?

Answer: Get emergency medical help right away if you have warning signs of a stroke, including: Trouble speaking Weakness in your arm or leg Drooping of your face on one side Loss of balance Also get medical help right away if you have symptoms of a heart attack: Pressure, squeezing, or pain in your chest Pain in your upper back or neck Pain that radiates down the arms Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Fatigue


Question: What is corneal arcus?

Answer: Corneal Arcus It's a condition you get when cholesterol forms deposits around the outside of your cornea -- the clear cover over the front of your eye. It looks like a white or gray ring around the iris -- the colored part of your eye. It won't affect your vision.


Question: Do you always have symptoms if you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?

Answer: But if you've got He FH, you can have an LDL level as high as 250 mg/d L. Besides high cholesterol, watch out for these other symptoms of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Xanthomas These are bumps under your skin that form when extra cholesterol in your blood clumps together. Cholesterol can build up in your arteries -- the blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body. If you don't take steps to lower your cholesterol -- and you have other risks like smoking and high blood pressure -- you can develop heart disease.


Question: What should you ask your doctor if you've tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: HIV/ AIDS questions for people who think they may have been exposed to HIV: Should I have an HIV test? HIV/ AIDS questions for people who test positive for HIV: What does it mean to have HIV? What treatment can I get for my HIV infection, and where should I get it? How much experience do you have treating people with HIV infection? What side effects can I expect from anti- HIV treatment? How can you help me deal with these side effects? How often do I need to come in after I start treatment? What can I do to improve my immune system? Will better nutrition help? How can I keep from passing my HIV infection to others? Who can help me deal with my feelings?


Question: What will my doctor do if I was bitten by an animal?

Answer: The health care provider will make sure the wound is thoroughly clean and may prescribe antibiotics. The health care provider may numb the wound and look for any deeper damage. If there is any risk of rabies infection, the health care provider will recommend anti-rabies treatment. The person may require stitches, depending on how big the wound is and where it is located. The person may also require a tetanus shot or booster. The health care provider may recommend ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain.


Question: When should I call 911 about animal bites?

Answer: The person has been seriously wounded. Bleeding can't be stopped after 10 minutes of firm and steady pressure. Bleeding is severe. Blood spurts from the wound.


Question: Can I take biologics for my psoriasis while pregnant?

Answer: Some treatments may be OK to keep taking when you're pregnant, but check with your doctor first if you take: Cyclosporine Coal tar Strong doses of steroids that you put on your skin If you take biologic treatments such as adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo) or adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita) â both biosimilar to Humira, etanercept ( Enbrel), and infliximab ( Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis) or infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), both biosimilar to Remicade, your doctor may want you to stop during pregnancy. But sometimes stopping a relatively safe treatment can make your symptoms severe enough that stopping them could cause more problems. Your doctor can help you decide whether you should continue your treatments or find other options.


Question: Can I use calcipotriene for psoriasis while pregnant?

Answer: Similar to PUVA, doctors don't have clear data on how this skin cream affects babies before birth. But they're concerned enough about the risks that they recommend avoiding it as a treatment during pregnancy.


Question: What treatments for psoriasis are typically safe if you are pregnant?

Answer: These treatments are usually considered safe to use during pregnancy: Moisturizers and skin products like petroleum jelly or mineral oil Mild steroids that you put on your skin (avoid the breast area if you breastfeed) Phototherapy with UVB light Anthralin ( Zithranol, Zithranol-rr) Unfortunately, there's no way to predict how your psoriasis will act while you're expecting.


Question: Are there screening tests for prostate cancer?

Answer: Are there screening tests? Yes. Men should talk with their doctors about which tests they need, when to get them, and the pros and cons. A man might get a blood test that checks for high levels of PSA (prostate-specific antigen). If your doctor is concerned about your result, he might perform a digital rectal exam, in which he inserts a gloved finger into the anus and feels the prostate for hard, lumpy, or abnormal areas. He may also use a small needle to take a sample, or âbiopsy,â of the area to check for cancer. He may also use MRI to look at the possible tumor.


Question: Can you survive prostate cancer?

Answer: Almost all men are still alive 5 years after finding out they have early-stage prostate cancer. It usually grows slowly and stays in the same area where it started. But when it starts to spread to other areas of the body, it can move fast. When doctors find it after it has spread far from the prostate, the odds of survival aren't as good. Among those men, 72% die of this cancer within 5 years.


Question: How common is pancreatic cancer and how many deaths does it cause?

Answer: U. S. deaths in 2016: 41,780 How common is it? About 1 in 67 people gets it.


Question: How common is lung cancer and how many deaths does it cause?

Answer: U. S. deaths in 2016: 158,080 How common is it? About 1 in 13 men get lung cancer. So do about 1 in 16 women. Doctors usually find it in people age 65 and older.


Question: What puts people at risk for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: You're also more likely to get it if it runs in your family, you have more than three alcoholic drinks a day, you smoke, or you're obese.


Question: What puts people at risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer: Your chances of getting colon cancer rise as you get older. You're also more likely to get it if it runs in your family, you have more than three alcoholic drinks a day, you smoke, or you're obese.


Question: How common is breast cancer and how many deaths does it cause?

Answer: U. S. deaths in 2016: 40,450 How common is it? Roughly 1 in 8 women in the U. S. will get breast cancer. Men can get it, too. But it's much less likely: 1 in 1,000.


Question: Can you survive breast cancer?

Answer: Like other cancers, the earlier it's found, the better. Almost all women who find out they have stage I breast cancer are still alive 5 years later. So are 93% of those with stage II breast cancer, 72% of those with stage III, and 22% of those with stage IV. There are more breast cancer survivors than ever before.


Question: What puts people at risk for lung cancer?

Answer: What puts people at risk: Smoking is the top cause. Breathing someone else's smoke (âsecondhand smokeâ) is also a threat. You're also more likely to get it if it runs in your family or if you're exposed to radon and to certain other chemicals (asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, beryllium, cadmium, tar, and soot). Lung cancer is more common among people with HIV than those who don't have the virus, but experts don't know why.


Question: How common is prostate cancer and how many deaths does it cause?

Answer: U. S. deaths in 2016: 26,120 How common is it? One out of every 7 men will get this cancer.


Question: Can you survive colorectal cancer?

Answer: Most people -- more than 90% -- live at least 5 years after finding out that they have colorectal cancer that's in its earliest stages. New tests, including ones that look for certain genes in colon tumors, could make this cancer even easier to find early. And one promising treatment uses cancer vaccines to "train" the immune system to attack colon cancer cells. Those vaccines treat cancer, but they don't prevent it.


Question: How common is colorectal cancer and how many deaths does it cause?

Answer: U. S. deaths in 2016: 49,190 How common is it? About 1 in 20 people in the U. S. will get colorectal cancer.


Question: What are scientists working on to help pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Researchers want to make gene tests to screen people in families struck by the disease. New drugs are also in the works. Some aim to stop the spread of cancer cells. Other medicines would teach the immune system to fight the cancer.


Question: Does cancer still cause a lot of deaths in the U.S.?

Answer: 2 cause of death in the U. S., just behind heart disease. No.


Question: What puts people at risk for breast cancer?

Answer: Some gene changes can also cause it. There's more to it than gender. You're obese. You drink alcohol. Your breasts are dense. You got your first period at or before age 11. You started menopause late. You're a woman who has never been pregnant, or you first got pregnant after age 35. You've taken âcombinationâ hormone replacement therapy. You've been exposed to radiation. You're also more likely to get it if it runs in your family, you have more than three alcoholic drinks a day, you smoke, or you're obese.


Question: What puts a man at risk for prostate cancer?

Answer: Doctors usually find it in men older than age 65. It's more common among African- Americans than whites, Asians, or Hispanics, but experts don't know why. The disease can run in a man's family. Some gene changes can also cause it. Men who eat a lot of red meat or high-fat dairy foods (and fewer fruits and vegetables) may be slightly more likely to get it, the American Cancer Society says. Almost all men are still alive 5 years after finding out they have early-stage prostate cancer.


Question: Are there screening tests for pancreatic cancer?

Answer: This cancer is hard to find early. Location is part of the problem. The pancreas is deep inside your belly. It's hard to feel any lumps or growths there, so you might not know that you have it. Are there screening tests?


Question: How can good hygiene help prevent infections that trigger asthma?

Answer: Increased shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or wheezing Coughing up increased amounts of mucus Abnormally colored mucus Fever (temperature over 101 ° F) or chills Increased fatigue or weakness Sore throat, scratchy throat, or pain when swallowing Sinus pressure or drainage, nasal congestion, or headaches Good hygiene can decrease viral infections. Prevent the spread of infection by making sure you and your family members wash their hands regularly with soap and warm water.


Question: What should I do if I have asthma and have an infection?

Answer: If you have asthma and are showing signs of an infection, call your doctor immediately for advice.


Question: Is sinusitis riskier if you have asthma?

Answer: Sinusitis with asthma can be very serious. Be aware of the symptoms of a sinus infection and report them immediately to your doctor to prevent asthma attacks.


Question: Can an infection trigger an asthma attack?

Answer: Increased shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or wheezing Coughing up increased amounts of mucus Abnormally colored mucus Fever (temperature over 101 ° F) or chills Increased fatigue or weakness Sore throat, scratchy throat, or pain when swallowing Sinus pressure or drainage, nasal congestion, or headaches Good hygiene can decrease viral infections.


Question: What do I need to know about infections and asthma?

Answer: Call your doctor if you experience any of the warning symptoms of a possible infection that can trigger an asthma attack (listed below). Be aware of the symptoms of a sinus infection and report them immediately to your doctor to prevent asthma attacks.


Question: Are there over-the-counter antifungal medications for athlete's foot?

Answer: Many over-the-counter antifungal medications can be applied to the affected area. These creams should be used sparingly but regularly, at least once a day. An application the size of a chocolate chip should be adequate to cover the entire bottom of your foot.


Question: What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?

Answer: The stones cause no symptoms as they form, but if they reach a size that blocks the duct, saliva backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. You may feel the pain off and on, and it may get progressively worse. Inflammation and infection within the affected gland may follow.


Question: What causes salivary gland stones?

Answer: Salivary stones form when chemicals in the saliva accumulate in the duct or gland. These factors include: dehydration, poor eating, and use of certain medications including some antihistamines, blood pressure drugs, psychiatric drugs, and bladder control drugs. Trauma to the salivary glands may also raise the risk for salivary stones.


Question: What is the best nutrition for your kittens and puppies?

Answer: Kittens and puppies typically drink their mother’s milk until they are 7 to 8 weeks old. You can introduce small amounts of kitten or puppy food around 3 or 4 weeks. Be sure to give your young pets specially formulated food, because as they grow, cats and dogs need extra nutrients and calories. When they are 1 year old, you can begin to give your cat or dog adult food. Really big dogs, like Great Danes and mastiffs, may continue to grow until they’re 18 months old, so they should eat puppy food for longer.


Question: What is the best nutrition for your senior pets?

Answer: Your cat or dog may have different nutritional needs as they get older. In general, pets can be considered “senior” when they are around 7 years old. Large dogs age more quickly and may enter their senior years when they are 6 years old. You’ll want to take your senior pet to the vet for a thorough checkup more often. While you’re there, ask for advice about food. Your cat or dog might be among the many pets in the U. S. that need to lose weight. However, in older animals, weight loss can also be a problem. Food for senior pets can be easier to digest, have different ingredients and nutrients, and help with weight control.


Question: What is the best nutrition for your adult cats and dogs?

Answer: Cats are meat eaters and need diets that are high in animal protein. Your cat should not become a vegetarian, because she needs amino acids like taurine, arginine, methionine, and tyrosine that come from an animal source. The food you choose for your cat should also have fat, which provides energy and vitamins A, D, and E. Your dog must have water, protein, fat, carbs, and some vitamins and minerals to be healthy. The amount of food he needs will depend on his size and how active he is. Ask your vet to help you figure out how much to give and what kind of food would be best. Animals that are pregnant or have recently given birth will need a high-calorie food. Cats often lose weight as they nurse their kittens, so they need to gain as much as 50% of their pre-pregnancy weight before they give birth.


Question: How much fiber should I eat if I have IBS-D?

Answer: Be careful with fiber, but you don't have to avoid it altogether. It's good for you in other ways, like preventing colon cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Plus, it keeps your diarrhea from turning into constipation. But too much of it sometimes leads to gas and bloating. For IBS- D, it's best to eat the soluble kind of fiber. It takes a longer to leave your digestive system. You can get it in oat bran, barley, the flesh of fruit (as opposed to the skin), and navy, pinto, and lima beans.


Question: What is IBS?

Answer: IBS is a complex condition that not only involves problems with bowel movements but also belly pain, bloating, and gas.


Question: What should you do to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Don't try to treat your IBS on your own. First, your doctor must make sure that your symptoms are being caused by IBS. Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you.


Question: What prescription drugs can help with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: If your doctor recommends one, it doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. These drugs can help with belly pain from IBS. Low doses of them can help block pain signals to the brain.


Question: What should you be tested for if you have IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), bloating, and cramping?

Answer: If you have diarrhea, bloating, and cramping, ask your doctor to test you for lactose intolerance or celiac disease.


Question: How effective are herbs at treating IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Studies on herbs have been mixed. Some research has shown that peppermint relaxes colon muscles and may improve symptoms of IBS. If you want to try acupuncture or herbs for your IBS symptoms, talk with your doctor first. Some herbs can affect how well other medications work.


Question: Is behavioral therapy used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) ?

Answer: So therapies that can help you learn to handle these emotions can often help you find relief. One technique that seems to help most people is behavioral therapy. It teaches you better ways to deal with pain and stress. Types include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychotherapy. If you want to try behavioral therapy for IBS, try to find a therapist who will work with your regular doctor.


Question: What antidepressants are used to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: For people with IBS- D, doctors may recommend a low dose of a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline, imipramine ( Tofranil), or nortriptyline ( Aventyl, Pamelor). Common side effects of these meds include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Your doctor may recommend another type of antidepressant called an SSRI, which includes citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and paroxetine ( Paxil), if you have depression along with IBS. Side effects of these medicines sometimes include diarrhea, so be sure to let your doctor know if your symptoms of IBS- D get worse while you're taking any of these medicines.


Question: What alternative therapies are available for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Some people with IBS try alternative therapies such as acupuncture, probiotics, and herbs to relieve their symptoms. Keep in mind that most alternative therapies haven't been tested for effectiveness in rigorous clinical trials the way other treatments have.


Question: Are probiotics an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: There is also some evidence that probiotics, "healthy" bacteria normally found in the gut, help some people with IBS. A study of one type, Bifidobacterium infantis, found that it greatly improved IBS symptoms and day-to-day life after people took it for 4 weeks. Research on another type, lactobacillus, has had more mixed reviews.


Question: If I take a diarrhea medicine for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) how much should I take?

Answer: If you take a diarrhea medicine, use the lowest dose possible and don't take it for a long time.


Question: Will my doctor recommend antidepressants to treat my IBS-D?

Answer: If your doctor recommends one, it doesn't necessarily mean that you are depressed. These drugs can help with belly pain from IBS. Low doses of them can help block pain signals to the brain. For people with IBS- D, doctors may recommend a low dose of a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline, imipramine ( Tofranil), or nortriptyline ( Aventyl, Pamelor). Common side effects of these meds include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Your doctor may recommend another type of antidepressant called an SSRI, which includes citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and paroxetine ( Paxil), if you have depression along with IBS. Side effects of these medicines sometimes include diarrhea, so be sure to let your doctor know if your symptoms of IBS- D get worse while you're taking any of these medicines.


Question: What should your diet consist of if you have IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: These can often make diarrhea symptoms worse. Be careful with fiber, but you don't have to avoid it altogether. It's good for you in other ways, like preventing colon cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Plus, it keeps your diarrhea from turning into constipation. But too much of it sometimes leads to gas and bloating. For IBS- D, it's best to eat the soluble kind of fiber. It takes a longer to leave your digestive system. You can get it in oat bran, barley, the flesh of fruit (as opposed to the skin), and navy, pinto, and lima beans. Drink plenty of water every day. Try having a glass an hour before or an hour after meals, instead of while you eat. When you drink water with food, it may make the food move through your system a little faster.


Question: Can antacids used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)  can cause diarrhea?

Answer: Muscle spasms in your digestive tract can cause belly pain.


Question: Do over-the-counter drugs used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)  have any side effects

Answer: Side effects of these treatments include belly cramping and bloating, along with dry mouth, dizziness, and constipation.


Question: Which over-the-counter medicines used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) are generally safe?

Answer: Some OTC medicines for gas relief, such as simethicone ( Gas- X, Mylicon), are generally safe.


Question: Which treatments help IBS-D?

Answer: You can make changes to your diet, take medication, find ways to relieve stress, or try behavioral therapy or alternative therapy. You may need a few of these approaches at the same time to get relief.


Question: Should I treat my IBS on my own?

Answer: Don't try to treat your IBS on your own. First, your doctor must make sure that your symptoms are being caused by IBS. Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you.


Question: How effective are probiotics at treating IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: There is also some evidence that probiotics, "healthy" bacteria normally found in the gut, help some people with IBS. A study of one type, Bifidobacterium infantis, found that it greatly improved IBS symptoms and day-to-day life after people took it for 4 weeks. Research on another type, lactobacillus, has had more mixed reviews.


Question: What over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are used to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest trying OTC diarrhea medicines such as bismuth subsalicylate ( Kaopectate, Pepto- Bismol) and loperamide ( Imodium) for relief. Researchers have found these drugs can help slow diarrhea, but they won't help with other IBS symptoms like belly pain or swelling.


Question: Do people ever use alternative therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Some people with IBS try alternative therapies such as acupuncture, probiotics, and herbs to relieve their symptoms. Keep in mind that most alternative therapies haven't been tested for effectiveness in rigorous clinical trials the way other treatments have.


Question: How do you know which foods affect your IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Since different foods can affect people in different ways, keeping an IBS symptom journal can help you and your doctor figure out foods you can eat and which ones to stay away from.


Question: How long should I take over-the-counter medicine to treat IBS-D?

Answer: Don't take any OTC medicine for the long term without asking your doctor about it. IBS symptoms can be caused by other, more serious problems. Make sure you and your doctor have ruled out other causes of your symptoms.


Question: What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you. IBS- D is a complex condition.


Question: How do you know what treatment is right for your IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Then work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you. IBS- D is a complex condition. It takes time and patience to figure out what will help you feel your best. Not every treatment works for every person. Find a doctor who understands IBS and work together on your treatment plan.


Question: Do muscle relaxers help treat IBS-D?

Answer: Drugs that relax muscles, called antispasmodics, such as dicyclomine ( Bentyl) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin). But some studies have found there's no clear evidence that they help everyone with IBS.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before I try acupuncture or herbs for my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you want to try behavioral therapy for IBS, try to find a therapist who will work with your regular doctor. Some herbs can affect how well other medications work.


Question: What drugs that relax muscles are used to treat IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Common side effects of these meds include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Drugs that relax muscles, called antispasmodics, such as dicyclomine ( Bentyl) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin). Muscle spasms in your digestive tract can cause belly pain. Many doctors prescribe these drugs to calm them.


Question: Is acupuncture an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Researchers have found these drugs can help slow diarrhea, but they won't help with other IBS symptoms like belly pain or swelling. For IBS relief, however, the results have been mixed.


Question: How is IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) treated?

Answer: You may need a few of these approaches at the same time to get relief. If you want to try behavioral therapy for IBS, try to find a therapist who will work with your regular doctor. Find a doctor who understands IBS and work together on your treatment plan.


Question: How effective is acupuncture at treating IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)?

Answer: Researchers have found these drugs can help slow diarrhea, but they won't help with other IBS symptoms like belly pain or swelling. For IBS relief, however, the results have been mixed.


Question: What will the surgeon consider before doing the nose job?

Answer: The surgeon will evaluate the structures of your nose and other facial features. After this evaluation, he or she can tell you if your expectations are realistic. The surgeon will also consider your overall health and should discuss with you the risks, recovery time, and costs involved.


Question: What happens when you have a nose job?

Answer: A nose job is usually done as an outpatient procedure, meaning there is no overnight stay. You'll get general or local anesthesia. With general anesthesia, you'll sleep through the operation. With local anesthesia, you will be sedated and your nose will be numbed so you are relaxed and unable to feel the pain. During an operation, the surgeon makes cuts within the nostrils. In more difficult cases, the surgeon may also make cuts across the base of the nose. The surgeon then reshapes the inner bone and cartilage to produce a more pleasing appearance.


Question: How do surgeon do the nose jobs?

Answer: The surgeon will evaluate the structures of your nose and other facial features. After this evaluation, he or she can tell you if your expectations are realistic.


Question: What happens after nose job surgery?

Answer: After a nose job, people usually wear a nasal splint for the first week. You can expect swelling and some bruising around the eyes after surgery that will begin to improve after the third day. It can, though, last up to two weeks. Expect your nose to have a little swelling, which probably only you and your surgeon will notice. This will go away over the next six months. The final shape of your nose will be apparent after it has completely healed. You should avoid strenuous activity for three to six weeks after surgery. You may return to your social activities as soon as within two to three weeks without any recognizable signs that you had a procedure done.


Question: What should I do if I'm thinking about getting a nose job?

Answer: During that meeting, talk about your goals and tell the doctor what bothers you about your nose and how you would like to change it. A plastic surgeon can describe the facial features that make you unique and tell you how changes would enhance your appearance.


Question: Will my insurance cover my nose job?

Answer: It can also be done for cosmetic reasons, which will change the nose's shape and appearance. If you have health insurance, make sure you talk to your insurer in advance so you know what's covered and what you will need to pay for.


Question: How is zanamivir used to treat the flu?

Answer: Oseltamivir is approved for treatment in those over 2 weeks of age and for prevention in people ages 3 months and older.


Question: What does antibiotic resistance mean?

Answer: According to the CDC, antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria changes in some way to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of the antibiotic. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics repeatedly, such as when you take the medication needlessly or too frequently, the germs in your body start to evolve. These changes can make the germs stronger than before so they completely resist the antibiotic. Yourillness may linger with no signs of improvement. Or your illness may suddenly take a turn for the worse, requiring you to seek emergency medical care. You may have to be admitted to the hospital and get several different antibiotics intravenously.


Question: How can I prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answer: There is a way to protect yourself and others from resistant bacteria, and that is to respect antibiotics and take them only when necessary for a bacterial infection. Here are some useful tips: When you see a doctor, don't demand antibiotics. Understand that antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, not symptoms of a cold or flu virus. If a doctor prescribes antibiotics, use them as prescribed. Take all of the antibiotics as directed and don't save some for future use. Don't share antibiotics with others.


Question: Do antiviral drugs have side effects?

Answer: Side effects of antiviral drugs may include nervousness, poor concentration, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Zanamivir is not recommended for people with a history of breathing problems, such as asthma, because it may worsen breathing. Discuss side effects with your doctor.


Question: How is oseltamivir used to treat the flu?

Answer: Oseltamivir is approved for treatment in those over 2 weeks of age and for prevention in people ages 3 months and older.


Question: Do most people know that antibiotics are not effective for colds or flu?

Answer: A study by the CDC showed that many adults believe that if they are sick enough to see a doctor for a cold, they should get an antibiotic treatment. The study also showed that patients are not aware of the consequences of taking the drugs if they are not needed. And when antibiotics are misused, bacteria can become resistant.


Question: What is bradycardia?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. Your doctor will also want to figure out which type it is. She may talk to you about these kinds: sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, and heart block. What kind of treatment you get, if any, will depend on how mild or serious your case is, along with which kind you have.


Question: What causes heart block in relation to bradycardia?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. It can be caused by some of the same conditions you see with sinus bradycardia. They pump and squeeze in a rhythm so your body has a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood. But most of the time, it comes from something you got later in life. The main cause is a heart attack. They include: Heart failure, because the heart is not pumping enough blood for your body Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle Coronary artery disease, or narrowing of the arteries in the heart Rheumatic fever, which is most common in children who didn't get treated well for strep throat or scarlet fever You may not need any treatment if you have a mild case.


Question: What type of bradycardia is sick sinus syndrome?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. This type of bradycardia causes an abnormal heart rhythm. You may have irregular heartbeats or ones that flip between slow and fast. This syndrome is not as common. It is often the result of heart disease. If you've had a heart attack or surgery, the sinus node may be scarred or damaged. Sometimes the normal wear and tear on your heart as you age is the reason Your heart has four chambers.


Question: What is sinus bradycardia?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. That's a group of cells that sends out electrical signals that tell you when to pump out more blood. It may be mild enough that you never notice any symptoms. With a more serious case, you might have dizziness, breathing problems, and chest pains, among other problems. This syndrome is not as common.


Question: What conditions can cause sinus bradycardia?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. It's sometimes called âthe heart's natural pacemaker.â It should start the signal about 60 to 100 times a minute. Some of them are: Heart attack Pericarditis, or inflammation of the thin tissues around the outside of the heart A defect at birth Sleep apnea, or when you briefly stop breathing while you sleep A problem with your thyroid, the gland in your neck that helps control many of your body's functions Certain medications, including a class of medicines called beta blockers. You may take them to lower blood pressure or for other heart conditions.


Question: What type of bradycardia is heart block?

Answer: If your doctor says you or a loved one has bradycardia, a resting heart beat that's less than 60 beats per minute, it's only part of the diagnosis. They pump and squeeze in a rhythm so your body has a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood. First degree is the mildest and may not even cause symptoms. Third degree is the most serious and is sometimes called âcomplete heart block.â You may need emergency care for this kind Heart block can be what's called a congenital defect, meaning you were born with it.


Question: What should I expect during a breast ultrasound?

Answer: You'll be asked to change into a hospital gown, so you may consider wearing a two-piece outfit on the day of the test so that you only need to remove your top. You'll lie on a padded examining table during the test. A small amount of water-soluble gel is applied to the skin over the area to be examined. The gel doesn't harm your skin or stain your clothes. A probe that looks like a little paddle is gently applied against the skin. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly several times. The test takes about 10-20 minutes to complete. After the test, the gel will be wiped off your skin.


Question: What is a breast ultrasound?

Answer: Ultrasound is a painless procedure that uses sound waves to make images of the inside of your body. The sound waves bounce off surfaces in your body, and the "echoes" are recorded and transformed into video or photographs. It's often used in addition to mammography to tell whether a lump in a breast is a cyst (a fluid-filled sac) or a solid mass, which might be cancer. Ultrasound can also help pinpoint the position of a tumor. This guides the doctor to the exact place to insert a needle during a biopsy.


Question: What are side effects of breast ultrasound?

Answer: The sound waves bounce off surfaces in your body, and the "echoes" are recorded and transformed into video or photographs. It doesn't use radiation like X-rays do.


Question: What causes food allergies?

Answer: Food allergies occur when a sensitive person eats, inhales, or comes into contact with even tiny amounts of certain foods. These reactions occur with exposure to proteins called allergens and can be very mild or may be life-threatening. Food allergies are becoming more and more common.


Question: What are the most common food allergies in adults?

Answer: In children, the most common food allergies are: Cow's milk Hen's eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Soybeans Wheat In adults, the most common food allergies are: Peanuts Tree nuts Fish Crustaceans (such as shrimp, crabs, and lobster) Mollusks (such as clams, oysters, and mussels) Fruits Vegetables Symptoms tend to occur just after eating, inhaling, or coming into contact with the offending food.


Question: Why is testing for food allergies a problem?

Answer: This means that if you do have a food allergy, the tests are very likely to catch it. But the tests aren't very specific. It's very rare for a person to be allergic to more than one or two foods, Oppenheimer and Portnoy say. So if testing is used to confirm or reject suspect foods, it is more likely to give meaningful results.


Question: How do doctors diagnose ear barotrauma?

Answer: In this case, more serious symptoms can happen: Extreme ear pain Dizziness called vertigo A busted eardrum -- fluid or blood leaking from your ear is a sign Hearing loss Your doctor will look inside your ears with a tool called an otoscope. He'll check to see if there's fluid behind your eardrum or if it's damaged. If it is, it may take weeks to heal and you might not hear very well. Usually, the only treatment is time. If it isn't better in 2 months, you may need an operation to prevent lasting hearing loss. Go to a doctor right away if you feel like you're spinning or falling (vertigo) and your symptoms happened right after flying or diving. It's rare, but you may need emergency ear surgery.


Question: How can someone prevent ear barotrauma?

Answer: With a mild case, your symptoms should go away shortly after you get back on land. If they don't or if your symptoms are serious, see your doctor. You can prevent ear barotrauma by keeping your Eustachian tubes open. These things may help: Medicine. If you have a cold or allergies, take a decongestant about an hour before your flight and take it as directed until you land. A nasal spray or an antihistamine could help open up the tubes, too. Earplugs. Special plugs designed for air travel can slow pressure changes and give your ears time to adjust. These won't work for scuba divers, though.


Question: What are some more serious symptoms of ear barotrauma?

Answer: Common symptoms include: Stuffed feeling in your ears Muffled hearing because your ear drum can't vibrate and make sound the way it should Ear pain If you hear a "pop" in your ears, that's a sign your Eustachian tubes are open. If they stay blocked, your middle ear can fill with clear liquid to try to balance the pressure. If your Eustachian tubes are closed, it can't drain. In this case, more serious symptoms can happen: Extreme ear pain Dizziness called vertigo A busted eardrum -- fluid or blood leaking from your ear is a sign Hearing loss Your doctor will look inside your ears with a tool called an otoscope.


Question: What is ear barotrauma?

Answer: It's the biggest health problem for people who fly. And it can be especially painful for babies and young kids because their ears aren't fully developed. Ear barotrauma also can happen when you ride in an elevator or drive in the mountains. And it can happen in the water, too. Your ears are especially sensitive to changes in air and water pressure. You can prevent ear barotrauma by keeping your Eustachian tubes open.


Question: How is a sphygmomanometer used to measure blood pressure?

Answer: This instrument consists of a gauge and a rubber cuff that's placed around your arm or leg and inflated. The person taking your blood pressure wraps the cuff around your upper arm. That's how the systolic and diastolic blood pressures are determined. A high blood pressure reading would be 130/80 or higher.


Question: Who is most likely to get primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Only about 4 to 15 out of 1 million people get this condition. Most often, it affects women between ages 30 and 65. Sometimes it runs in families. You could be more likely to get it if you have a mom, dad, brother, or sister -- especially an identical twin -- with the disorder.


Question: What are the treatments for primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: You have primary biliary cholangitis if you have at least two of the following: High levels of alkaline phosphatase Antimitochondrial antibodies Signs of the disease on a liver biopsy The main treatment for PBC is a drug called ursodiol. It's a natural form of bile that can help your liver work better and help you live longer. You take it as a pill, unless you get a new liver in a transplant. There are few reported side effects from the drug. If you can't take ursodiol, or it doesn't work well enough for you, your doctor may prescribe obeticholic acid ( Ocaliva) along with, or instead of, ursodiol.


Question: Where can I get information about primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: You can find more information on primary biliary cholangitis from: American Liver Foundation The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Organization for Rare Disorders


Question: Can you drink alcohol if you have primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: If you have this condition, you should avoid drinking alcohol and never use illegal drugs. These things can further damage your liver. Tell your doctor before you use any type of over-the-counter medications, including and especially herbs and supplements. Many substances can affect how your liver works and may interfere with your treatment and outcome.


Question: What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer: Toxins that the liver usually removes start to build up in the organ and eventually the brain. This can cause confusion, personality changes, and even coma.


Question: What tests are done to diagnose primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer: Your doctor may call these âantimitochondrial antibodies.â You could also need imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, MRI, or X-ray of your bile ducts. Your doctor may also want to do a liver biopsy, where she takes a small sample of tissue to test in a lab. You have primary biliary cholangitis if you have at least two of the following: High levels of alkaline phosphatase Antimitochondrial antibodies Signs of the disease on a liver biopsy The main treatment for PBC is a drug called ursodiol. Talk to your doctor about what tests you should get.


Question: How can primary biliary cholangitis cause vitamin and metabolic deficiencies?

Answer: Other complications can start as the liver stops working the way it should and the bile ducts become blocked. This changes the way the body breaks down fats and vitamins A, D, E, and K. As a result, your body can't use or nutrients the way it once did. Osteoporosis can happen when your body has problems using vitamin D and calcium.


Question: What causes multiple chemical sensitivity?

Answer: Some doctors suggest it's an immune response similar to allergies. Others say that the symptoms stem from an extreme sensitivity to certain smells. It's possible that conditions such as depression and anxiety play a role, too. In some cases, people point to a major event, like a chemical spill. Or they may link their symptoms to contact with low levels of chemicals at work, such as if their office has poor ventilation. Some say that levels of exposure generally considered safe for most people can have an effect on a few.


Question: What are symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity?

Answer: It's also known as âenvironmental illness,â "sick building syndrome,â or â MCS.â Your doctor may call it âidiopathic environmental intolerance.â The symptoms people report are wide-ranging. They include headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, congestion, itching, sneezing, sore throat, chest pain, changes in heart rhythm, breathing problems, muscle pain or stiffness, skin rash, diarrhea, bloating, gas, confusion, trouble concentrating, memory problems, and mood changes.


Question: What can you do for multiple chemical sensitivity?

Answer: There are no reliable tests to diagnose multiple chemical sensitivity, and there are no effective or proven treatments. Other people find that medicines for anxiety and sleep help. People often find solutions on their own. But you want to make sure there's evidence that shows a medical benefit. Avoid tests or treatments that are expensive, unproven, or could cause harm. Both of you should be cautious but keep an open mind about all the possible causes of your symptoms and the many treatment options.


Question: Can a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) play sports?

Answer: Exercise helps loosen mucus in the lungs. It strengthens the muscles that help your child breathe. It can also boost her confidence and self-esteem. Don't be alarmed if your child coughs a lot during exercise -- it helps to clear the lungs. Be sure to speak with your child's CF care team before she starts any type of exercise.


Question: Does cystic fibrosis make it harder for a child to absorb vitamins?

Answer: CF affects the body's ability to absorb vitamins. Kids who have it need to take vitamin supplements to make sure they get enough. Work with your child's CF care team to find the right vitamins, supplements, and doses for your child.


Question: How can I help my child with cystic fibrosis get enough calories?

Answer: Children with CF need about 2,000 to 2,800 calories per day --that's more than most kids eat. One way to help your child take in more fat and calories is to offer whole milk at every meal. You can also add whole-milk dairy products to the foods she eats. For example: Use cream on cereal Add butter to most meals Put extra cheese in casseroles and other foods Vitamins.


Question: How can I help keep my child with cystic fibrosis (CF) from getting sick?

Answer: Kids with CF have a higher risk of getting sick than other kids. Here are some important tips for fighting germs: Wash your hands properly Keep your mouth covered when you cough Clean and disinfect medical equipment She can eat the types of foods that other kids can eat, though there are a few things she'll need to add to her diet.


Question: How can I prevent lung cancer?

Answer: 1 thing to do is to not smoke and to avoid other people's secondhand smoke. If you've never smoked cigarettes, your risk of lung cancer is low. If you currently smoke, especially if you are a heavy smoker, your odds of developing lung cancer can be 30 times higher than the risk for a nonsmoker. How long you've smoked also matters.


Question: How do asbestos cause lung cancer?

Answer: It's a risk if you work with it.


Question: Is lung cancer hereditary?

Answer: Lung cancer runs in some families, but since you can't change that, focus on the things that you do control.


Question: What can I do to prevent lung cancer?

Answer: If you smoke, make it your top priority to quit. It's hard to do. You can talk to your doctor about the most effective ways to quit. Studies show that it can make lung cancer more likely in people who smoke. Check your home for radon. Most hardware stores carry an inexpensive and easy-to-use kit that accurately measures radon levels. Exercise and eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables . These healthy habits will lower your risk of several forms of cancer, as well as heart disease and diabetes.


Question: How does familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) cause adrenal gland adenoma?

Answer: Doctors don't know what causes adrenal gland adenomas, but you're more likely to get one if you have certain genetic conditions, such as: Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP). This is a rare condition characterized by the presence of hundreds or even thousands of noncancerous polyps (growths) in the large intestine and upper respiratory tract.


Question: How likely is someone at risk for getting adrenal gland adenoma if they have tumors?

Answer: Having the tumors doesn't make you any more likely to get adrenal cancer, but it can be hard to tell the difference between an adenoma and a tumor that's cancer. So your doctor will likely have your urine and blood tested to check your hormone levels, and maybe do some imaging to be sure what it is. If you do have symptoms, it's because you have a functioning tumor that could be in either part of the adrenal gland: the outer part (the cortex) or the inner part (the medulla).


Question: What is the treatment for adrenal gland adenomas?

Answer: If you have a nonfunctioning tumor, you probably won't need any treatment. Your doctor will just want to keep an eye on it to make sure it doesn't become functional. For functional tumors, you typically get surgery. You can usually have laparoscopic surgery, where the adrenal gland and tumor are removed through small openings made in your body. But if there's a chance it's cancer, you'll likely need open surgery. Sometimes, instead of surgery, you may be able to get medicine that prevents hormones from working or lowers their levels so you won't have any symptoms.


Question: What is the difference between cancer and a tumor?

Answer: When most people hear the word tumor, their next thought is cancer. But they're not always the same thing. You get a tumor when instead of growing in their usual, orderly way, a group of cells starts to grow out of control. They form a mass that normally wouldn't be there, and that mass may or may not be cancer.


Question: What is adrenal gland adenoma?

Answer: If you have an adrenal gland adenoma, you have a tumor on your adrenal gland, but it's not cancer. Your two adrenal glands, one on each kidney, make hormones. Hormones are like messengers that scoot around your body and tell your organs what to do -- from how to handle stress to controlling blood sugar levels.


Question: What problems do adrenal gland adenomas cause?

Answer: But some of them are functioning tumors -- that means they make the same hormones as your adrenal glands. The extra hormones from the tumor can lead to several conditions, such as Cushing's syndrome. Typically, surgery and medicine can successfully treat the symptoms. Doctors don't know what causes adrenal gland adenomas, but you're more likely to get one if you have certain genetic conditions, such as: Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP).


Question: What are the symptoms of adrenal gland adenoma?

Answer: When you have these conditions like these, you have a defect in one or more genes that can have different effects on your body. Often, you wouldn't even know you have one of these tumors. You might not have any symptoms, and you only find out about the condition because you got imaging for some other issue.


Question: What are medulla tumors?

Answer: This type of tumor is called a pheochromocytoma. It's rare and not usually cancer. You may get too much epinephrine or norepinephrine in your blood, which can cause high blood pressure, headaches, and heart problems.


Question: How does relaxing help eczema?

Answer: From deep breathing to yoga and guided imagery, there are many ways to wind down. What works for you may be different than what helps other people relax. So explore your options. You can try progressive relaxation or listening to a relaxation CD. Or take a few minutes each day to write about what you're feeling. You can rip up the paper or delete the file when you're done.


Question: How does doing something you enjoy help eczema?

Answer: Whether you like walking, swimming, or playing tennis, exercise can make you feel better overall.


Question: How does talking help eczema?

Answer: If your stress comes from deeper problems with your marriage, family, or job, you may want to meet with a counselor or therapist. Sometimes just talking about your problems with someone can help. In some cases, a mental health professional can also prescribe medication that can help with stress and anxiety.


Question: How does finding support help eczema?

Answer: Your skin condition can add to your daily stress. You might feel like you just can't get comfortable. It helps to talk with other people who have the same problem and know what you're going through. They might even have advice on new things you can try to feel better. Look for support groups for eczema online or find one that meets in your community.


Question: How does getting good sleep help eczema?

Answer: A good night's rest can lower your stress. But it's not always easy to sleep when your skin is itchy. If eczema is keeping you up at night, talk with your doctor about how to get a better handle on your symptoms. You can try taking an antihistamine before bed. This type of medicine can ease itching, and it can make you sleepy.


Question: How does exercise help eczema?

Answer: It's one of the best stress-busters around. Whether you like walking, swimming, or playing tennis, exercise can make you feel better overall. But if sweat is a trigger for your eczema, take a cool or lukewarm shower soon after your workout to wash it off.


Question: How does asking for help improve eczema?

Answer: If eczema is keeping you up at night, talk with your doctor about how to get a better handle on your symptoms. She can talk to you about other treatments or support resources that can help.


Question: How does stress affect eczema?

Answer: If you already have it because of eczema, that boost will make your symptoms worse. The key is to try to manage your stress. It might be one of the best ways to help keep your disease in check. Your skin condition can add to your daily stress.


Question: Is slowing down important for managing stress?

Answer: Modern life is so busy, and sometimes we just need to slow down and chill out. Look at your life and find small ways you can do that. For example: Set your watch 5 to 10 minutes ahead. That way you'll get places a little early and avoid the stress of being late. When you're driving on the highway, switch to the slow lane so you can avoid road rage. Break down big jobs into smaller ones. For example, don't try to answer all 100 emails if you don't have to -- just answer a few of them.


Question: Is eating well important for managing stress?

Answer: Eating a regular, well-balanced diet will help you feel better in general. It may also help control your moods. Your meals should be full of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and lean protein for energy. And don't skip any. It's not good for you and can put you in a bad mood, which can actually increase your stress.


Question: Is talking about your problems important for managing stress?

Answer: Relaxing hobbies include things like: Reading Knitting Doing an art project Playing golf Watching a movie Doing puzzles Playing cards and board games If things are bothering you, talking about them can help lower your stress. You can talk to family members, friends, a trusted clergyman, your doctor, or a therapist. And you can also talk to yourself. It's called self-talk and we all do it. But in order for self-talk to help reduce stress you need to make sure it's positive and not negative. So listen closely to what you're thinking or saying when you're stressed out. If you're giving yourself a negative message, change it to a positive one. For example, don't tell yourself â I can't do this.â Tell yourself instead: â I can do this,â or â I'm doing the best I can.â Accept that you can't do things perfectly no matter how hard you try.


Question: Is it important to go easy on yourself to manage stress?

Answer: For example, don't tell yourself â I can't do this.â Tell yourself instead: â I can do this,â or â I'm doing the best I can.â Accept that you can't do things perfectly no matter how hard you try. You also can't control everything in your life. So do yourself a favor and stop thinking you can do so much. And don't forget to keep up your sense of humor. Laughter goes a long way towards making you feel relaxed.


Question: Is making time for hobbies important for managing stress?

Answer: Restful things you can do include: Meditation Yoga Tai chi Prayer Listening to your favorite music Spending time in nature You need to set aside time for things you enjoy. Try to do something every day that makes you feel good, and it will help relieve your stress. It doesn't have to be a ton of time -- even 15 to 20 minutes will do. Relaxing hobbies include things like: Reading Knitting Doing an art project Playing golf Watching a movie Doing puzzles Playing cards and board games If things are bothering you, talking about them can help lower your stress.


Question: Is exercise important for managing stress?

Answer: Working out regularly is one of the best ways to relax your body and mind. Plus, exercise will improve your mood. But you have to do it often for it to pay off.


Question: Is it important to eliminate your triggers in order to manage stress?

Answer: It may also help control your moods. So listen closely to what you're thinking or saying when you're stressed out. If you can't identify the main causes of your stress, try keeping a stress journal. Make note of when you become most anxious and see if you can determine a pattern, then find ways to remove or lessen those triggers.


Question: How much should you exercise every week to manage stress?

Answer: Work up to 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderately intense exercise like brisk walks or 75 minutes of a more vigorous exercise like swimming laps, jogging or other sports. Do this for 5 to 10 minutes at a time.


Question: Is relaxing your muscles important for managing stress?

Answer: You can help loosen them up on your own and refresh your body by: Stretching Enjoying a massage Taking a hot bath or shower Getting a good night's sleep Stopping and taking a few deep breaths can take the pressure off you right away. So listen closely to what you're thinking or saying when you're stressed out.


Question: Is taking a break important for managing stress?

Answer: But you need to set time aside to unwind or your mental and physical health can suffer. Do this for 5 to 10 minutes at a time. But stick with it and you'll look forward to these moments. Restful things you can do include: Meditation Yoga Tai chi Prayer Listening to your favorite music Spending time in nature You need to set aside time for things you enjoy.


Question: What are the signs of sundowning?

Answer: When someone is sundowning, they may be: Agitated (upset or anxious) Restless Irritable Confused Disoriented Demanding Suspicious They also may: Yell Pace Hear or see things that aren't there Have mood swings Up to 1 out of 5 people with Alzheimer's get sundown syndrome.


Question: What should I do if my loved one has sundowning?

Answer: Stay calm. Ask your loved one if they need something. Remind them what time it is. Don't argue with them. Reassure them. Tell them everything is OK. If they need to get up and move around or pace, don't try to hold them back. Just stay close by to keep an eye on them. Keep them safe with night-lights and locks on doors or windows. Use a gate to block the stairs, and put away anything dangerous, like kitchen tools. Also, consider getting a baby monitor, motion detectors, or door sensors. They can let you know if your loved one is walking around.


Question: What triggers sundowning?

Answer: It may be more likely if your loved one is: Too tired Hungry or thirsty Depressed In pain Bored Having sleep problems What happens around someone can also set off sundowning symptoms. Some triggers are: Less light and more shadows in the house. This can cause confusion and fear. Trouble separating dreams from reality. This can be disorienting. If you feel tired or frustrated at the end of a day of caregiving, your loved one may notice, even without you saying anything. This can upset them, too. It's normal for you, as a caregiver, to have feelings like that. Try to be aware of how you manage those emotions if you think that might make a difference.


Question: How can I get sleep if I'm caring for someone who's sundowning?

Answer: Sundowning can make it hard for you to get restful sleep. And you need to take care of yourself in order to be there for your loved one. You can: Ask a friend or relative to fill in for you at night. Try to get a daytime nap. Take breaks whenever you can during the day. Hire a home health care service for backup. Other ways to take care of yourself are to exercise, eat healthy, spend time with friends, and try to find time -- even if it's not a lot -- for your own hobbies and interests. Consider joining a caregiver's support group, too.


Question: What causes sundowning?

Answer: Doctors call it sundowning, or sundown syndrome. Some scientists think that changes in the brain of someone with dementia might affect their inner âbody clock.â The area of the brain that signals when you're awake or asleep breaks down in people with Alzheimer's. That could cause sundowning. It may be more likely if your loved one is: Too tired Hungry or thirsty Depressed In pain Bored Having sleep problems What happens around someone can also set off sundowning symptoms.


Question: When should I let my doctor know about my symptoms of cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Decreased nutrition from the side effects of treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, taste changes, heartburn, or diarrhea) can cause fatigue.


Question: How does scheduled rest combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Schedule rest Balance periods of rest and work. Rest before you become fatigued -- frequent, short rests are beneficial.


Question: What is tiredness?

Answer: Tiredness happens to everyone -- it's a feeling you expect after certain activities or at the end of the day. Usually, you know why you are tired and a good night's sleep solves the problem. Fatigue is a daily lack of energy; it is excessive whole-body tiredness not relieved by sleep.


Question: How does someone fight cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: The best way to combat fatigue is to treat the underlying medical cause. Unfortunately, the exact cause is often unknown, or there may be multiple causes. Causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis. For example, there are treatments that may improve fatigue caused by an under-active thyroid or anemia.


Question: How does nutrition affect cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Cancer-related fatigue is often made worse if you are not eating or drinking enough or if you are not eating the right foods. Maintaining good nutrition can help you feel better and have more energy. Make an appointment with a dietitian. A registered dietitian provides suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes). A dietitian can also suggest ways to maximize calories and include proteins in smaller amounts of food (such as powdered milk, instant breakfast drinks, and other commercial supplements or food additives).


Question: How does pacing yourself combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Pace yourself A moderate pace is better than rushing through activities. Reduce sudden or prolonged strains. Alternate sitting and standing.


Question: What is fatigue?

Answer: Fatigue is a daily lack of energy; it is excessive whole-body tiredness not relieved by sleep. It can last for a short time (a month or less) or stay around for longer (six months or longer). Fatigue can prevent you from functioning normally and gets in the way of things you enjoy or need to do.


Question: How does exercise affect cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Signs may include whole-body tiredness unrelieved by sleep, decreased energy or a lack of energy, mental and emotional exhaustion, inability to concentrate, weakness, or malaise. Even during cancer therapy, it is often possible to continue exercising. In fact, research has shown that cancer patients who perform a moderate exercise routine have a better quality of life and may have better outcomes. Keep a regular exercise schedule.


Question: How does reaching over your head cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Radiation can cause fatigue that increases over time. Prioritize activities and delegate tasks when needed. Carry several small loads instead of one large one, or use a cart.


Question: How do pain and drugs cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Decreased nutrition from the side effects of treatments (such as nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, taste changes, heartburn, or diarrhea) can cause fatigue. Research shows that pain also plays a role in fatigue.


Question: How does organizing your work combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Here are some suggestions: Plan ahead and organize your work Change storage of items to reduce trips and make them easier to reach. Prioritize activities and delegate tasks when needed. Combine activities and simplify details. Finally, there may be suggestions that are more specific to your situation that would help in combating your fatigue.


Question: How does adjusting expectations combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Research shows that pain also plays a role in fatigue. Adjust your expectations. For example, if you have a list of 10 things you want to accomplish today, pare it down to two and leave the rest for other days. A sense of accomplishment goes a long way to reducing stress.


Question: How does stress cause cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Stress can result from dealing with the disease and the "unknowns," as well as from worrying about daily accomplishments or trying to meet the expectations of others. One way to sort this out is to try to understand your depressed feelings and how they affect your life. Regular, moderate exercise can decrease these feelings, help you stay active and increase your energy. Managing stress can play an important role in combating cancer-related fatigue.


Question: How can friends and family help combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: A physical therapist can be helpful in planning a program for you. Cancer groups can be a source of support, as well. Other people with cancer understand what you are going through.


Question: How do hobbies and activities combat cancer-related fatigue?

Answer: Biologics can also cause fatigue. For example, activities such as knitting, reading, or listening to music require little physical energy but require attention. If your stress seems out of control, talk to a health care professional.


Question: How can you keep the pool child-safe?

Answer: That means: Fences or walls at least four feet high completely around the pool, free of articles that a child could use to climb over fence, such as lawn chairs or BBQ grills and have no footholds; and vertical slats should have no more than 4 inches of space between them. Gates that are self-closing and self-latching, that open outward with latches out of reach of children; the latch should be 54 inches from the ground Installing alarms on doors leading to the pool area, or alarms on the pool Using a cover for the pool when it is not in use. These should cover the entire pool so a child cannot slip inside. No standing water should collect on top. Floating winter covers can be dangerous. Making sure drain covers are properly fitted and are paired or have vacuum suction releases to prevent being trapped under water Keeping toys away from the pool when the pool is not in use Keep rescue equipment close by.


Question: When should you call a doctor about food poisoning?

Answer: When to Call a Doctor Call a doctor immediately if symptoms last more than 3 days or you have: Severe belly pain Fever Bloody diarrhea or dark stools Vomiting that is prolonged or bloody Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, fatigue, or increased heart rate or breathing rate


Question: How can I keep from getting dehydrated while recovering from food poisoning?

Answer: Prevent Dehydration Drink clear fluids, starting with small sips and gradually drinking more. If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, drink an oral rehydration solution.


Question: How can I control nausea and vomiting while treating food poisoning?

Answer: Control Nausea and Vomiting Avoid solid foods until vomiting ends. Then eat light, bland foods, such as saltine crackers, bananas, rice, or bread. Sipping liquids may help avoid vomiting. Don't eat fried, greasy, spicy, or sweet foods. Don't take anti-nausea or anti-diarrhea medication without asking your doctor. They have side effects and may make some kinds of diarrhea worse. Your doctor may give you anti-nausea medication if you are at risk of being dehydrated.


Question: How is a brain hemorrhage treated?

Answer: Doctors may run a variety of imaging tests, such as a CT scan, which can reveal internal bleeding or blood accumulation, or an MRI. A neurological exam or eye exam, which can show swelling of the optic nerve, may also be performed. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is usually not performed, as it may be dangerous and make things worse. Treatment for bleeding in the brain depends on the location, cause, and extent of the hemorrhage. Surgery may be needed to alleviate swelling and prevent bleeding. Certain medications may also be prescribed. These include painkillers, corticosteroids, or diuretics to reduce swelling, and anticonvulsants to control seizures.


Question: What causes bleeding in the brain?

Answer: There are several risk factors and causes of brain hemorrhages. The most common include: Head trauma . Injury is the most common cause of bleeding in the brain for those younger than age 50. High blood pressure . This chronic condition can, over a long period of time, weaken blood vessel walls. Untreated high blood pressure is a major preventable cause of brain hemorrhages. Aneurysm . This is a weakening in a blood vessel wall that swells. It can burst and bleed into the brain, leading to a stroke. Blood vessel abnormalities. ( Arteriovenous malformations) Weaknesses in the blood vessels in and around the brain may be present at birth and diagnosed only if symptoms develop. Amyloid angiopathy. This is an abnormality of the blood vessel walls that sometimes occurs with aging and high blood pressure. It may cause many small, unnoticed bleeds before causing a large one. Blood or bleeding disorders. Hemophilia and sickle cell anemia can both contribute to decreased levels of blood platelets. Liver disease. This condition is associated with increased bleeding in general. Brain tumors .


Question: When should you seek medical care for a brain hemorrhage?

Answer: If you exhibit any of the following symptoms, you may have a brain hemorrhage. This is a life-threatening condition, and you should call 911 or go to an emergency room immediately. The symptoms include: A sudden severe headache Seizures with no previous history of seizures Weakness in an arm or leg Nausea or vomiting Decreased alertness; lethargy Changes in vision Tingling or numbness Difficulty speaking or understanding speech Difficulty swallowing Difficulty writing or reading Loss of fine motor skills, such as hand tremors Loss of coordination Loss of balance An abnormal sense of taste Loss of consciousness Keep in mind that many of these symptoms are often caused by conditions other than brain hemorrhages.


Question: What happens during a brain hemorrhage?

Answer: When blood from trauma irritates brain tissues, it causes swelling. This is known as cerebral edema. The pooled blood collects into a mass called a hematoma. These conditions increase pressure on nearby brain tissue, and that reduces vital blood flow and kills brain cells. Bleeding can occur inside the brain, between the brain and the membranes that cover it, between the layers of the brain's covering or between the skull and the covering of the brain.


Question: Can people recover from brain hemorrhages, and are there possible complications?

Answer: Treatment for bleeding in the brain depends on the location, cause, and extent of the hemorrhage. Possible complications include stroke, loss of brain function, or side effects from medications or treatments. Death is possible, and may quickly occur despite prompt medical treatment.


Question: What are the disadvantages of allergy blood tests?

Answer: Disadvantages of allergy blood tests include: More expensive than skin testing; many health insurers do not cover allergy blood tests. May be less sensitive than skin tests Takes days or weeks to get results because the blood sample must be sent to a laboratory for evaluation; skin testing provides immediate results.


Question: Why would you get a blood test for allergies?

Answer: Allergy blood testing can help reveal what triggers your allergy symptoms and help your doctor choose the best treatment for you. Allergy blood tests usually screen for at least 10 of the most common allergy triggers, including dust, pet dander, trees, grasses, weeds, and molds related to where you live. They are also particularly helpful in diagnosing food allergies.


Question: What is the difference between multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome?

Answer: But when it happens just one time, that's considered clinically isolated syndrome. The two conditions have the same symptoms -- including muscle weakness and problems with balance. But people with MS have had two or more episodes of symptoms. Those with CIS have had only one. Until a few years ago, doctors told people who had one flare that they had âpossible MS.â While CIS can develop into multiple sclerosis, that doesn't always happen. Treatments can ease your symptoms or help you in other ways.


Question: What are the symptoms of clinically isolated syndrome?

Answer: CIS symptoms can happen in one part of your body or in different areas at the same time. Common ones include: Numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, or face Slurred speech Blurred vision or other eye problems Muscle weakness Vertigo or dizziness Problems with balance or walking Stiffness or muscle spasms Fatigue Pain Poor memory Depression or mood swings Bladder, bowel, or sexual problems If the symptoms last for at least 24 hours, and other conditions are ruled out, a doctor is likely to diagnose you with CIS.


Question: How can antioxidants help with treating Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: But there are no vitamins or supplements proven to prevent, stop, or slow down Alzheimer's. The foods you eat do matter for your brain health, and they're the best way to get nutrients. If you're looking to try supplements, tell your doctor first to make sure that they're not likely to have side effects or cause problems with any other medicines you take. These nutrients protect your body from molecules called âfree radicalsâ that damage cells and can cause cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's. There are a lot of different antioxidants, like beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and resveratrol. They are in plant foods, such as berries, greens, tea, and bell peppers.


Question: Can ginkgo biloba help with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: But there are no vitamins or supplements proven to prevent, stop, or slow down Alzheimer's. You may have heard of ginkgo biloba as a memory aid -- and maybe something that sounds like it could help you with Alzheimer's. But so far, they haven't found any proof that it improves memory at all, even in people who don't have Alzheimer's. Ginkgo has been shown to cause other side effects, including bleeding, lowering blood sugar, and altering blood pressure. So it may be best to avoid completely.


Question: How can resveratrol help with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: But there are no vitamins or supplements proven to prevent, stop, or slow down Alzheimer's. The foods you eat do matter for your brain health, and they're the best way to get nutrients. Some researchers think is has anti-aging properties, and can lower your risk of certain diseases. Scientists have thought for a while that resveratrol might be able to protect your brain from the effects of Alzheimer's. A recent study showed that daily doses of resveratrol did slow down the progress of the disease.


Question: How can vitamin D help with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: But there are no vitamins or supplements proven to prevent, stop, or slow down Alzheimer's. The foods you eat do matter for your brain health, and they're the best way to get nutrients. One of vitamin D's jobs is to help the brain. Most of us get our vitamin D from the sun and from foods like fatty fish, cheese, and egg yolks. But it's also available over the counter as a supplement. There's a link between vitamin D and Alzheimer's. A number of studies have shown that people with Alzheimer's have low vitamin D levels. One study found people with very low vitamin D were twice as likely to have Alzheimer's. A lot more research has to be done before doctors will start prescribing vitamin D for Alzheimer's.


Question: When should you seek immediate medical care if you think you have glaucoma?

Answer: If you have any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical care: Seeing halos around lights Vision loss Redness in the eye Eye that looks hazy (particularly in infants) Nausea or vomiting Eye pain Narrowed vision (tunnel vision) Your eye doctor will use drops to open (he'll call it dilate) your pupils.


Question: How is laser surgery used for treating glaucoma?

Answer: This procedure can slightly increase the flow of the fluid from the eye for people with open-angle glaucoma. It can stop fluid blockage if you have angle-closure glaucoma. Procedures include: Trabeculoplasty: Opens the drainage area Iridotomy: Makes a tiny hole in the iris to let fluid flow more freely Cyclophotocoagulation: Treats areas of the middle layer of your eye to reduce fluid production Microsurgery.


Question: How is glaucoma diagnosed?

Answer: If you have any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical care: Seeing halos around lights Vision loss Redness in the eye Eye that looks hazy (particularly in infants) Nausea or vomiting Eye pain Narrowed vision (tunnel vision) Your eye doctor will use drops to open (he'll call it dilate) your pupils. Then he'll test your vision and examine your eyes. He'll check your optic nerve, and if you have glaucoma, it will look a certain way. He may take photographs of the nerve to help him track your disease over time. He'll do a test called tonometry to check your eye pressure. He'll also do a visual field test, if necessary, to figure out if you've lost your side, or peripheral, vision. Glaucoma tests are painless and take very little time.


Question: What is angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer: It's less common in the West than in Asia. You may also hear it called acute or chronic angle-closure or narrow-angle glaucoma. Your eye doesn't drain right because the drain space between your iris and cornea becomes too narrow. This can cause a sudden buildup of pressure in your eye. It's also linked to farsightedness and cataracts, a clouding of the lens inside your eye.


Question: How often should you get an eye exam if you have a family history of glaucoma?

Answer: If you're over age 40 and have a family history of the disease, you should get a complete eye exam from an eye doctor every 1 to 2 years. If you have health problems like diabetes or a family history of glaucoma or are at risk for other eye diseases, you may need to go more often.


Question: What is open-angle glaucoma?

Answer: It's the most common type. Your doctor may also call it wide-angle glaucoma. The drain structure in your eye -- it's called the trabecular meshwork -- looks normal, but fluid doesn't flow out like it should.


Question: Can you prevent glaucoma?

Answer: But if you diagnose and treat it early, you can control the disease.


Question: How do you know if you have glaucoma?

Answer: Most people with glaucoma have no early symptoms or pain. You need to see your eye doctor regularly so she can diagnose and treat glaucoma before long-term visual loss happens.


Question: How is microsurgery used for treating glaucoma?

Answer: In a procedure called a trabeculectomy, the doctor creates a new channel to drain the fluid and ease eye pressure. Sometimes this form of glaucoma surgery fails and has to be redone. Your doctor might implant a tube to help drain fluid. Surgery can cause temporary or permanent vision loss, as well as bleeding or infection.


Question: How is infant or congenital glaucoma treated?

Answer: Open-angle glaucoma is most often treated with various combinations of eye drops, laser trabeculoplasty, and microsurgery.


Question: What is the outlook of glaucoma?

Answer: At this time, lost vision can't be restored. However, lowering eye pressure can help preserve the sight you have. Most people with glaucoma who follow their treatment plan and have regular eye exams don't go blind.


Question: Why should you get an eye exam if you think you have glaucoma?

Answer: Detecting glaucoma early is one reason you should have a complete exam with an eye specialist every 1 to 2 years. Occasionally, pressure inside the eye can rise to severe levels. In these cases, you may have sudden eye pain, headache, blurred vision, or the appearance of halos around lights.


Question: How is glaucoma treated?

Answer: Your doctor may use prescription eye drops, laser surgery, or microsurgery to lower pressure in the eye.


Question: How is open-angle glaucoma treated?

Answer: Open-angle glaucoma is most often treated with various combinations of eye drops, laser trabeculoplasty, and microsurgery. Doctors in the U. S. tend to start with medications, but there's evidence that early laser surgery or microsurgery could work better for some people.


Question: How are eye drops used for treating glaucoma?

Answer: These either reduce the formation of fluid in the eye or increase its outflow, thereby lowering eye pressure. Side effects may include allergies, redness, stinging, blurred vision, and irritated eyes.


Question: What are the warning signs of glaucoma?

Answer: If you have any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical care: Seeing halos around lights Vision loss Redness in the eye Eye that looks hazy (particularly in infants) Nausea or vomiting Eye pain Narrowed vision (tunnel vision) Your eye doctor will use drops to open (he'll call it dilate) your pupils.


Question: How is glaucoma treated in infants?

Answer: Infant or congenital glaucoma -- meaning you are born with it -- is primarily treated with surgery, because the cause of the problem is a very distorted drainage system.


Question: What is microsurgery for glaucoma?

Answer: In a procedure called a trabeculectomy, the doctor creates a new channel to drain the fluid and ease eye pressure. Sometimes this form of glaucoma surgery fails and has to be redone. Your doctor might implant a tube to help drain fluid. Surgery can cause temporary or permanent vision loss, as well as bleeding or infection.


Question: Are there any less-common causes of glaucoma?

Answer: Less common causes include a blunt or chemical injury to your eye, severe eye infection, blocked blood vessels inside the eye, and inflammatory conditions. It's rare, but sometimes eye surgery to correct another condition can bring it on. It usually affects both eyes, but it may be worse in one than the other.


Question: What are less common causes of glaucoma?

Answer: It's rare, but sometimes eye surgery to correct another condition can bring it on. It usually affects both eyes, but it may be worse in one than the other. Occasionally, pressure inside the eye can rise to severe levels.


Question: What can lead to permanent vision loss in glaucoma?

Answer: If the damage continues, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause total permanent blindness within a few years. It's the result of an intrinsic deterioration of the optic nerve, which leads to high fluid pressure on the front part of the eye.


Question: What are the types of glaucoma?

Answer: There are two main kinds: Open-angle glaucoma. It's the most common type. Your doctor may also call it wide-angle glaucoma. The drain structure in your eye -- it's called the trabecular meshwork -- looks normal, but fluid doesn't flow out like it should. Angle-closure glaucoma. Your eye doesn't drain right because the drain space between your iris and cornea becomes too narrow. This can cause a sudden buildup of pressure in your eye. It's also linked to farsightedness and cataracts, a clouding of the lens inside your eye.


Question: How can doctors determine the prognosis for prostate cancer?

Answer: When you have prostate cancer, your treatment plan and outlook depend on how far the cancer has spread at the time you're diagnosed. Doctors use a system called staging to figure out how the cancer affects your prostate and how far it has spread.


Question: How does prostate cancer spread?

Answer: Prostate cancer grows within the prostate gland, often for many years. Over time, the cancer spreads outside the prostate. This happens in one of three ways: It grows into nearby tissues (invasion) It spreads through your system of lymph nodes and lymph vessels It travels to distant tissues through your blood (metastasis) Prostate cancer stages describe how far the cancer has spread.


Question: What is prostate cancer stage II?

Answer: The tumor can touch more than half of one lobe of the prostate, but doesn't involve both lobes. Stage IIB The cancer is growing in your prostate but hasn't spread beyond it. The tumor can be in one or both lobes of the prostate.


Question: What is prostate cancer stage IV?

Answer: Stage IIB The cancer is growing in your prostate but hasn't spread beyond it. Stage IIIB The cancer has spread outside the prostate but hasn't made it to the lymph nodes or distant sites in the body. The cancer has spread to distant sites in the body such as lymph nodes, bones, or other organs. It's important to get the stage right because it plays a huge role in choosing the best treatment for you, as well as your outlook. For this reason, it's worth going through extensive testing to get the correct prostate cancer stage.


Question: What is prostate cancer stage III?

Answer: Stage IIIB The cancer has spread outside the prostate but hasn't made it to the lymph nodes or distant sites in the body. Stage IVA The cancer may or may not have spread to tissues near the prostate. The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes but not to distant sites in the body.


Question: What is anti-sperm antibodies for testing male infertility?

Answer: Some men make abnormal antibodies that attack the sperm on the way to the egg, which keeps your partner from getting pregnant.


Question: What is genetic testing for male infertility?

Answer: It can identify specific obstacles to fertility and problems with your sperm. Experts differ on when genetic tests should be done.


Question: What is sperm and semen analysis for male infertility?

Answer: Male infertility specialists have different ways of doing that, but here are some of the tests you can expect: A trained expert checks your sperm count, their shape, movement, and other characteristics. In general, if you have a higher number of normal-shaped sperm, it means you have higher fertility. But there are plenty of exceptions to this.


Question: Should you get checked for infertility if you are a man and your partner isn't getting pregnant?

Answer: There are lots of tests you can take to find out if you're infertile -- and learn what kind of treatment you can get. It can identify specific obstacles to fertility and problems with your sperm.


Question: What tools can help with meal prep if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: These tools can also help with meal prep: Utensils with easy-grip handles Grabbers to help you reach items on high shelves Electric can opener Rocker knives to help you cut food with less effort To make your lounging area comfy and safe, get raised chair or lift cushions.


Question: What changes should I make to my bathroom if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some other equipment to consider: A bed that raises and lowers by pushing a button Button and zipper hooks, a long-handle shoehorn, and sock aids to help you put on and fasten clothing A bedside commode so you don't have to walk to the bathroom in the middle of the night Some simple adjustments can make washing up easier and safer. Look for combs and toothbrushes with easy-grip handles. Also install equipment such as: Lever faucet handles that are simple to turn Tub bench or shower chair so you can sit while you wash Handheld shower head that reaches down to you Non-skid surfaces in the shower or tub to prevent falls Consider making these changes to your toilet: A raised or adjustable toilet seat A bidet toilet attachment to help you get clean after you use the toilet " Bottom Buddy" tool that holds the toilet paper while you wipe and releases it into the toilet after you finish


Question: What changes should I make to my hallways and stairs if I have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Find ways to save your energy when you move to another area of your home: Put handrails on both sides of the stairs. Get a stair lift if you can't get up and down stairs on your own. Install night lights with motion sensors along stairs, hallways, and throughout your home.


Question: Does insurance cover vacuum constriction devices for erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Most insurance policies, including Medicare, cover at least part of the costs of a vacuum constriction device, especially if a medical cause for ED has been documented. Medicaid, however, does not cover the device except under extreme circumstances in certain states.


Question: Who should consider using a vacuum constriction device to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Vacuum constriction devices are safe and can be used by patients with ED caused by many conditions, including: Poor blood flow to the penis Diabetes Surgery for prostate or colon cancer Psychological issues such as anxiety or depression Vacuum constriction devices should not be used by men who may have a significant congenital bleeding disorder or a disorder that predisposes them to a condition called priapism (a prolonged, sometime painful erection lasting over several hours).


Question: Can men who've had prostate surgery use a vacuum constriction device to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: In addition, for men who've had prostate surgery, a regimen of vacuum device usage is recommended - four or five times daily -- to help increase the blood flow to the penis. It may take several months to work. Talk to your urologist about the specifics of this protocol.


Question: Can I have intercourse using a vacuum constriction device for erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Intercourse can be attempted with the constriction band in place to help maintain the erection. The band can be left on safely for up to 30 minutes to allow for successful intercourse.


Question: What should I know about buying a vacuum constriction device for erectile dysfunction?

Answer: Be sure that devices brought without a prescription contains a "quick release" feature, as there have been reports of penile injuries due to devices that did not release its vacuum on-demand or released it too slowly.