Question: What will my doctor do if she suspects I have sarcoidosis?

Answer: Your doctor may also order pulmonary-function tests, which measure how well your lungs are working.


Question: What are things you can do to avoid bumps from blocked hair follicles?

Answer: Eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, exercise, and avoid stress to help prevent flare-ups. Ask about supplements.


Question: What are tips to relieve painful bumps from blocked hair follicles?

Answer: If your bumps get irritated and sore, try these things to feel better: Wet a washcloth in hot water. Hold this warm compress to the area for 10 minutes to bring down swelling. Or, seep a tea bag in hot water and hold it on the area for 10 minutes. If the sores are on your buttocks, try a sitz bath. Run a few inches of warm water in the tub. Sit in the water for 10 to 15 minutes. Take an over-the-counter NSAID pain reliever, such as ibuprofen.


Question: What are the symptoms of ???????tertiary syphilis?

Answer: This is the final, most severe stage of syphilis. It can appear 10 to 30 years after the initial infection. You might experience permanent organ damage and death. Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation of blood vessels You can pass this STD on to your unborn child or to your baby during childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms of syphilis in babies?

Answer: Complications may include: Brain (neurological) problems Stroke Infection and inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord Numbness Deafness Visual problems or blindness Personality changes Dementia Heart valve disease Aneurysm Inflammation of blood vessels You can pass this STD on to your unborn child or to your baby during childbirth. Doctors call this congenital syphilis. If not treated there is a high risk of stillbirth and infant death. Most babies born with syphilis have no symptoms. Some may have a rash on the palms of their hands or the soles of their feet. Eventually, babies can develop complications of many organs including: Enlarged liver Jaundice Discharge from nose Swollen glands Bone abnormalities Brain (neurological) problems See your child's pediatrician right away if she develops an unusual discharge, sore, or rash near her groin.


Question: What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

Answer: About 2 to 10 weeks after the first sore appears, you may develop the following: A skin rash that causes small, reddish-brown sores Sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus Fever Swollen glands Weight loss Hair loss Headache Extreme tiredness (fatigue) Muscle aches If you don't get treatment right away, your symptoms will go away only to come back. This could happen for up to a year. Even if your symptoms don't return, the infection is still alive in your body. Syphilis will get worse, and you can still infect your sexual partner.


Question: What are the symptoms of latent syphilis?

Answer: If you're not treated for secondary syphilis, the disease may progress to the latent (hidden) phase. Not everyone who has syphilis will go through this stage. If you do, you won't have any symptoms, maybe for years. In some cases, symptoms will never return. But the infection isn't gone; the bacteria remain dormant in the body. Some latent cases may progress to the tertiary stage of the disease.


Question: What should I know about syphilis?

Answer: What symptoms you have depends on which stage of the disease you're in. But the stages can overlap, and symptoms don't always develop in the same order. You could even be infected with this sexually transmitted disease ( STD) and not have any signs of it for years. The stages of syphilis are called âprimary,â âsecondary,â âlatent,â and âtertiary (late).â This article deals with the symptoms typical of each stage. You might not even know you have it.


Question: What are the symptoms of primary syphilis?

Answer: You might notice that the lymph nodes near your groin are enlarged. Typically, the first visible sign of syphilis is a small, painless sore (doctors call it a âchancreâ) on the skin (you may develop several sores). It normally appears at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. The sore won't hurt, and it may be hidden inside your rectum or vagina. You might not even know you have it. The sore will heal on its own in about 3 to 6 weeks. It means you're about to enter the second stage of syphilis. It can appear 10 to 30 years after the initial infection.


Question: How can I tell if my cat is purring because of affection?

Answer: Kittens can purr when they're only a few days old. It's probably a way to let their mothers know where they are or that they're OK. Purring also helps a kitten bond with its mother. Mama cats use it like a lullaby.


Question: How can I tell if my cat is purring because of relief and healing?

Answer: Even though purring takes energy, many cats purr when they get hurt or are in pain. It might simply be a way for a cat to soothe itself, like a child sucks their thumb to feel better. The low frequency of purrs causes a series of related vibrations within their body that can: Heal bones and wounds Build muscle and repair tendons Ease breathing Lessen pain and swelling This might explain why cats are able to survive falls from high places and tend to have fewer complications after surgeries than dogs.


Question: What are typical symptoms of migraine headaches?

Answer: People who get migraines describe them as an intense pulsing or throbbing type of pain, often on one side of the head. Along with the pain they can also have symptoms like: Flashing lights or "aura" Nausea Sensitivity to light Vomiting When you have one, you may be unable to do your normal activities.


Question: How do estrogen levels trigger migraines?

Answer: These headaches are triggered by things like: Bright lights Foods or drinks Hunger Lack of sleep Stress Strong scents A drop in the female hormone, estrogen, can also set off migraines. That's why women who get migraines often have headaches right before their period, when estrogen levels are low. During pregnancy, estrogen levels rise, bringing many women a break from these headaches. But they often start up again after the baby is born.


Question: What medicines relieve a migraine once it starts?

Answer: Medicines that help prevent migraines from starting: Antidepressants: venlafaxine ( Effexor), amitriptyline ( Elavil) Anti-seizure drugs: divalproex sodium ( Depakote), topiramate ( Topamax), valproate sodium ( Depacon), valproic acid ( Depakene and Stavzor) Blood pressure medicines: beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers CGRP inhibitors: erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy), block the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide molecules Medicines that relieve a migraine once it has already started: Pain relievers: acetaminophen ( Panadol, Tylenol), aspirin, ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil), naproxen ( Aleve) Triptans: eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Treximet), zolmitriptan ( Zomig) For some women, taking the same female hormones used to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes can also help prevent migraine pain.


Question: What lifestyle changes can help with menopausal migraines?

Answer: You have many options for relieving migraines. Sometimes a few simple lifestyle changes can help: Keep a diary of what you eat, and try to avoid foods that trigger your migraines. Some of these may include: aged cheese, chocolate, or artificial sweeteners. Eat meals at regular times. Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Cut stress using relaxation methods such as deep breathing, exercise, or massage.


Question: How often do women get migraines?

Answer: Many people get migraines from time to time. But some, usually women, have them as often as 15 or more days each month.


Question: Will menopause end migraine headaches?

Answer: Once estrogen production stops and periods end, you may get a reprieve from your migraine pain. Sometimes, though, menopause doesn't spell the end of migraines.


Question: If a women has her uterus or ovaries removed is she more likely to develop migraines during menopause?

Answer: Women who had their uterus and ovaries removed with surgery often have more of a problem with migraines than those who go into menopause naturally.


Question: What medicines prevent migraines from starting?

Answer: Medicines that help prevent migraines from starting: Antidepressants: venlafaxine ( Effexor), amitriptyline ( Elavil) Anti-seizure drugs: divalproex sodium ( Depakote), topiramate ( Topamax), valproate sodium ( Depacon), valproic acid ( Depakene and Stavzor) Blood pressure medicines: beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers CGRP inhibitors: erenumab ( Aimovig) and fremanezumab ( Ajovy), block the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide molecules Medicines that relieve a migraine once it has already started: Pain relievers: acetaminophen ( Panadol, Tylenol), aspirin, ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil), naproxen ( Aleve) Triptans: eletriptan ( Relpax), frovatriptan ( Frova), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Treximet), zolmitriptan ( Zomig) For some women, taking the same female hormones used to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes can also help prevent migraine pain.


Question: Can menopause cause migraines?

Answer: If your migraines are tied to your menstrual cycle, they may become as unpredictable as your periods. Some women get migraines for the first time, or their headaches get more intense, in the years just before menopause. Others find that their migraines become less frequent and less intense.


Question: Are there risks associated with using hormone replacement therapy to treat menopause migraines?

Answer: HRT has been linked to greater risks of heart disease and breast cancer. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you. If so, ask for the lowest possible dose of hormones needed to control your symptoms. You can get the hormones through a patch or gel that you rub on your skin.


Question: What lifestyle changes can treat menopause migraines?

Answer: You have many options for relieving migraines. Sometimes a few simple lifestyle changes can help: Keep a diary of what you eat, and try to avoid foods that trigger your migraines. Some of these may include: aged cheese, chocolate, or artificial sweeteners. Eat meals at regular times. Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Cut stress using relaxation methods such as deep breathing, exercise, or massage.


Question: What should you do if you're getting menopausal migraines?

Answer: You can also try medicines to relieve your headaches. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you. Once estrogen production stops and periods end, you may get a reprieve from your migraine pain. Sometimes, though, menopause doesn't spell the end of migraines.


Question: When should I talk to my doctor about menopause migraines?

Answer: You can also try medicines to relieve your headaches. Talk to your doctor about whether it's right for you.


Question: Is there a link between female hormones and migraine headaches?

Answer: That's one of the reasons why women are three times more likely to get migraines than men. For many women, menopause brings a welcome end to these headaches. But the hormonal changes leading up to menopause can sometimes make things worse before they get better. And some women find that the hormones make their headaches worse.


Question: What causes an aneurysm?

Answer: Any condition that causes your artery walls to weaken can bring one on. The most common culprits are atherosclerosis and high blood pressure. Deep wounds and infections can also lead to an aneurysm. Or you may be born with weakness in one of your artery walls.


Question: What is the serious threat of an aneurysm?

Answer: The most serious threat of an aneurysm is that it will burst and cause a stroke or massive bleeding, which can be life-threatening. A large aneurysm can affect your circulation and lead to blood clots.


Question: What's a healthy waist measurement?

Answer: For your best health, your waist should be less than 40 inches around for men, and less than 35 inches for women. If it's larger than that, you may want to talk with your doctor about what your next steps are, including losing weight.


Question: How do you measure your waist?

Answer: Start at the top of your hip bone, then bring the tape measure all the way around your body, level with your belly button. Make sure it's not too tight and that it's straight, even at the back. Don't hold your breath while measuring. Check the number on the tape measure right after you exhale.


Question: What are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for depression?

Answer: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) affect the action of both serotonin and another brain chemical, norepinephrine. This class includes desvenlafaxine ( Khedezla or Pristiq), duloxetine ( Cymbalta), levomilnacipran ( Fetzima), and or venlafaxine ( Effexor). Side effects are usually mild. They include upset stomach, sleep problems, sexual problems, headache, anxiety, and dizziness, and weakness.


Question: What drugs other than antidepressants may help treat depression?

Answer: For instance, some people recovering from depression will benefit from drugs for anxiety or insomnia. In addition, certain atypical antipsychotics -- (primarily used for schizophrenia or bibolar disorder) such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), brexipipzole ( Rexulti) or ( Seroquel XR) -- have been shown to enhance the effect of antidepressant medicines for depression when an antidepressant alone isn't fully effective. While not classified as a medication by the FDA, l-methylfolate ( Deplin) has proven successful in treating depression. Considered a medical food or nutriceutical, it is a prescription strength form of the vitamin B known asfolate and helps regulate the neurotransmitters that control moods.


Question: How can norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) help with  depression?

Answer: Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors ( NDRIs) affect norepinephrine and a different chemical in the brain, dopamine. This class of drugs includes bupropion ( Wellbutrin). Side effects are usually mild, and include upset stomach, headache, sleep problems, tremor, and anxiety. Wellbutrin may be less likely to cause sexual side effects or weight gain than other antidepressants.


Question: How can noradnergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) help with  depression?

Answer: Noradnergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants ( Na SSAs) also affect serotonin and norepinephrine in your brain. This class of drugs includes mirtazpine ( Remeron). Side effects are usually mild, and include upset stomach, sleepiness, weight gain, anxiety, and dizziness.


Question: How can you find the right depression medicine for you?

Answer: You may even find that a medicine that used to help just doesn't anymore. You may have to put up with some trial and error. While antidepressants usually begin to show significant effects within a few weeks, it can take several months before you feel the full effects of a new drug, so don't give up. Over time, your doctor may want to increase or decrease the dose, depending on how you're doing. If you've given a depression drug a chance and it still isn't helping, talk to your doctor. Your doctor may recommend that you try another antidepressant. With time, you should be able to find a medicine or a combination of medicines that helps. Don't ever stop taking a medicine without your doctor's approval, even if you're feeling better.


Question: How can selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) help with depression?

Answer: Newer Antidepressants. This class of antidepressants include citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro ), fluoxetine ( Prozac ), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft). They include upset stomach, sleep problems, sexual problems, headache, anxiety, and dizziness, and weakness.


Question: What do you need to know about medications for depression?

Answer: But these drugs don't cure depression in the way that antibiotics cure infections. Instead, they can help ease the symptoms. You will probably need to continue medication even after you feel better. This helps reduce the risk of relapse. Depression can sometimes be like other chronic illnesses, like diabetes or heart disease, that need ongoing treatment. However, they are still the right choice for some people with depression -- especially if newer antidepressants don't help.


Question: Can you prevent genital herpes?

Answer: The only sure-fire way to avoid getting genital herpes is to abstain from sex or have sex only with someone who is also herpes-free. Short of that, a latex condom offers some protection if it covers the infected area. Remember, you can get genital herpes by receiving oral sex (fellatio, cunnilingus, analingus) from someone with a cold sore on the mouth. Likewise, you can get oral herpes from someone's genitals by way of oral sex. If you know that a sex partner has genital herpes, you can reduce your risk by having sex (vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse) only when he or she has no symptoms. Nevertheless, genital herpes can be contagious even when there are no visible symptoms, so you should always use a latex barrier, such as a condom or a dental dam.


Question: Is there a cure for genital herpes?

Answer: Genital herpes is a lifelong condition for which there is no cure.


Question: Is there a test for genital herpes?

Answer: The blood test looks for antibodies to the virus that your immune system would have made when you were infected. HSV-2 almost always infects the genitals, so if antibodies to HSV-2 are detected in the blood, you probably have genital herpes. A blood test that shows antibodies to HSV-1 means you could have genital or oral herpes. That's because oral herpes, typically caused by HSV-1, can be spread to the genitals during oral sex. Studies are under way to investigate medicated gel products that can be placed in the vagina to reduce the transmission of herpes and HIV.


Question: What is an erection?

Answer: An erection starts in your brain. Something you saw, felt, smelled, heard, or thought makes your nerves send chemical messages to the blood vessels in your penis. The arteries relax and open up to let more blood to flow in; at the same time, the veins close up. Once blood is in the penis, pressure traps it within the corpora cavernosa. Your penis expands and holds the erection.


Question: What is ejaculation?

Answer: When you're aroused, tubes called the vas deferens squeeze sperm from the testes toward the back of the urethra. The seminal vesicles also release fluid there. The urethra senses the sperm and fluid mixture. Then, at the height of sexual excitement, it sends signals to your spinal cord, which in turn sends signals to the muscles at the base of your penis. These contract powerfully and quickly, every 0.8 seconds. This forces the semen out of the penis as you climax.


Question: What is the anatomy of a penis?

Answer: The head or glans is at the end of the shaft. The opening at the tip of the head, where urine and semen come out, is called the meatus. They have a maze of blood vessels, tissue, and open pockets. The urethra, the tube that urine and semen flow through, runs along the underside of them, in the spongy tissue of the corpus spongiosum. Two main arteries (one in each of the corpora cavernosa) and several veins move blood in and out. Nerves relay messages to and from other parts of your body. Once blood is in the penis, pressure traps it within the corpora cavernosa.


Question: What types of liver cancers are there?

Answer: Because the liver is made up of several different types of cells, several types of tumors can form there. Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have.


Question: What are some other risk factors for liver cancer?

Answer: Other risk factors for liver cancer may include: Your sex. Men are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma than women. Your weight. Obesity can increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Your race. In the U. S., liver cancer is most common in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Anabolic steroid use. Male hormonesabused by athletes to increase muscle can slightly increase liver cancer risk with long-term use. History of diabetes. Studies have suggested a link between diabetes and liver cancer. This is likely due to the link between diabetes and fatty liver disease. Inherited metabolic diseases. Diseases that disrupt the normal metabolism of the body have been shown to increase your risk of liver cancer. Rare diseases. Studies have found a link between liver cancer and some rare diseases like alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and Wilson's disease.


Question: What kind of tumors can form in the liver?

Answer: Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. The outlook for health or recovery depends on what type of tumor you have. The more common benign tumors of the liver include: Hemangioma Hepatic adenoma Focal nodular hyperplasia Cysts Lipoma Fibroma Leiomyoma None of these tumors are treated like liver cancer.


Question: Which liver tumors are cancerous?

Answer: Liver cancers include: Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) Cholangiocarcinoma ( These are really cancers of the bile duct.


Question: What does the liver do?

Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver.


Question: What increases risk for liver cancer?

Answer: Various cancer-causing substances are associated with primary liver cancer, including certain herbicides and chemicals such as vinyl chloride and arsenic. Smoking, especially if you abuse alcohol as well, also increases risk. Aflatoxins, cancer-causing substances made by a type of plant mold, have also been implicated. Aflatoxins can contaminate wheat, peanuts, rice, corn, and soybeans. These are rare problems in most developed countries like the U. S. Other causes include the hormones androgen and estrogen and a dye formerly used in medical tests called thorotrast.


Question: What is primary liver cancer and how common is it?

Answer: Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream. The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver. Most liver cancer is secondary or metastatic, meaning it started elsewhere in the body. Primary liver cancer, which starts in the liver, accounts for about 2% of cancers in the U. S., but up to half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This is mainly due to the prevalence of hepatitis, caused by contagious viruses, that predisposes a person to liver cancer. In the U. S., primary liver cancer strikes twice as many men as women, at an average age of 67.


Question: What are the risk factors for liver cancer?

Answer: Other risk factors for liver cancer may include: Your sex. Men are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma than women. Your weight. Obesity can increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Your race. In the U. S., liver cancer is most common in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Anabolic steroid use. Male hormonesabused by athletes to increase muscle can slightly increase liver cancer risk with long-term use. History of diabetes. Studies have suggested a link between diabetes and liver cancer. This is likely due to the link between diabetes and fatty liver disease. Inherited metabolic diseases. Diseases that disrupt the normal metabolism of the body have been shown to increase your risk of liver cancer. Rare diseases. Studies have found a link between liver cancer and some rare diseases like alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, and Wilson's disease.


Question: Which liver tumors are benign?

Answer: These tumors have different causes and are treated differently. They will not be discussed in this article.)


Question: How can the severity of fractures vary?

Answer: An oblique fracture is when the break is on an angle through the bone A pathologic fracture is caused by a disease that weakens the bone A stress fracture is a hairline crack The severity of a fracture depends upon the fracture subtype and location. Serious fractures can have dangerous complications if not treated promptly; possible complications include damage to blood vessels or nerves and infection of the bone (osteomyelitis) or surrounding tissue. Recuperation time varies depending on the age and health of the patient and the type of fracture. A minor fracture in a child may heal within a few weeks; a serious fracture in an older person may take months to heal.


Question: What are fractures?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Fractures are common; the average person has two during a lifetime. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. For example: A greenstick fracture in which the bone is bent, but not broken all the way through A buckle fracture results from compression of two bones driven into each other.


Question: What kind of doctor should I see if I can't see a rheumatologist for my rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: If you can't see a rheumatologist for all your RA care, look for one who will partner with your regular doctor. You'll still need to see the rheumatologist once in a while, but your primary care doctor may handle your day-to-day treatment. If it's not possible to see a rheumatologist at all, look for a primary care doctor who treats many people with RA and ask if they can work with a rheumatologist remotely.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Key things to know about your doctor include: Are they part of a group, or do they work on their own? Can I see the doctor of my choice in the practice, or must I see the first available doctor? How long is the average wait for an appointment? Does the office offer evening or weekend appointments?


Question: Is it best to see a rheumatologist if I have arthritis?

Answer: If your doctor doesn't have all the traits you'd like, tell them how you feel and ask for what you need. If you're still unhappy, look for another doctor.


Question: Why do I need to be comfortable talking to my doctor about rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It's simple: You need to be able to tell your doctor what's going on, and she should be able to communicate clearly to support you. Your doctor should also help you better understand your RA, what to expect from treatment, and what complementary treatments might help or hurt your condition.


Question: What should you do if you missed two birth control pills?

Answer: If you don't remember until the next day, go ahead and take 2 pills that day. If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day. You will then be back on schedule.


Question: What should you do if you missed one birth control pill?

Answer: If you forget to take your pills for 2 days, take 2 pills the day you remember and 2 pills the next day.


Question: Should you use another form of birth control if you forgot to take a birth control pill

Answer: Any time you forget to take a pill, you must use another form of birth control until you finish the pill pack. When you forget to take a birth control pill, you increase the chance of releasing an egg from your ovary.


Question: What happens if you forget to take your placebo pills for birth control?

Answer: But if you forget to take any of the last 7 (or last 4 of a 4-pill placebo pack or last 2 of a 2-pill placebo pack) out of the 28 day pills, you will not raise your chance of pregnancy, because these pills contain only inactive ingredients. Some pill packs don't have any placebo pills, so it's best to take all of your pills on schedule so you can stay on track.


Question: What should you do if you miss your period and forgot to take a birth control pill?

Answer: If you miss more than 2 birth control pills, call your doctor for instructions. Many women do not have a period on low-dose birth control pills even if they don't miss any pills. This is normal, so don't be concerned -- but do take the test to be sure.


Question: What should you do if you missed more than two birth control pills?

Answer: You may need to take one pill daily until Sunday and then start a new pack. Or you might need to throw out the rest of the pill pack and start over with a new pack that same day. If you miss your period and have forgotten to take one or more pills, get a pregnancy test.


Question: What should you know about allergic asthma triggers?

Answer: If your child has allergic asthma and inhales one of his triggers, that can launch an attack, making him cough, wheeze, and have trouble breathing. It's best to know what your child's triggers are so you can help him avoid them altogether or at least keep them far, far away. Each person has their own set of asthma triggers, but there are some common ones you can watch for.


Question: How should you watch for smoke as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: There are a million good reasons to keep yourself and your child away from tobacco smoke, and allergic asthma is one of them. Secondhand smoke is extra toxic to young children because their lungs aren't mature yet. Make sure no one smokes in your home or your car. Other types of smoke, such as from wood-burning stoves, can also make asthma worse. If you can, avoid wood fires, inside and outside.


Question: How should you watch for cockroaches as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states. They eat and drink the same things you do: water and leftovers. But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. To prevent them, keep food stored in the fridge or in an airtight container, wash dishes right after you use them, sweep up any crumbs, and plug any holes or cracks that let cockroaches get inside. You can also set out traps. If you see any roach droppings, sweep them up right away and put them in the trash. And keep a lid on your trash can inside and take it out often.


Question: How should you watch for dust mites as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: There's not much you can do about shedding dead skin, but you can work to keep dust mites from bothering your family. Wash any bed linens that you can at least once a week in hot water, then put them in a hot dryer. Wash stuffed toys the same way. There are also special covers for mattresses and pillows. If you can, trade in carpets, rugs, and fabric furniture for wood, vinyl, and other smooth surfaces. These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states.


Question: How should you watch for mold as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. Outside, it thrives in soil and plant debris, which doesn't really pose a health problem. Inside, mold is a hazard, lurking in damp places like basements, the kitchen sink, and anywhere you have leaks or standing water. Your best defense is to get rid of as much moisture as possible from your home. Clean up any mold you can see, use exhaust fans when you're in the shower, and run a dehumidifier or air conditioner. A drier house will also cut down on roaches and mites.


Question: How should you watch for pollen as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: But the fur and feathers aren't the problem. ( Climate change also means that pollen seasons can last longer than they used to.) Thunderstorms can also cause plants to release their pollen. Keep an eye on local weather forecasts and pollen counts, and have your child stay indoors on days when the counts are high.


Question: How should you watch for smells as a trigger for allergic asthma?

Answer: It's both an indoor and outdoor trigger for allergic asthma. This includes cleaning agents with chlorine, scented candles, incense, hairspray, air fresheners, deodorants and perfumes, paint, and pesticides. Look for fragrance-free personal care products. If you need to use paint or pesticides, make sure your child is not nearby.


Question: How is pain for most ankle injuries controlled?

Answer: For most ankle injuries, pain is controlled by using an over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen. The specific treatment of the injury depends on the type of injury.


Question: Can you put weight on ankle after it has been injured

Answer: It is important not to put any weight on the ankle until after it's been evaluated by a doctor, which should be done as soon as possible. Fractures and sprains that are ignored or aren't treated properly can lead to long-term chronic problems with the ankle, such as repeated injury, ankle weakness, and arthritis.


Question: What is an ankle fracture versus an ankle sprain?

Answer: A fracture describes a break in one or more of the bones. A sprain is the term that describes damage to ligaments when they are stretched beyond their normal range of motion. A ligament sprain can range from many microscopic tears in the fibers that comprise the ligament to a complete tear or rupture. A strain refers to damage to muscles and tendons as a result of being pulled or stretched too far.


Question: What are ankle injuries?

Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. The ankle is where three bones meet -- the tibia and fibula of your lower leg with the talus of your foot. These bones are held together at the ankle joint by ligaments, which are strong elastic bands of connective tissue that keep the bones in place while allowing normal ankle motion. Tendons attach muscles to the bones to do the work of making the ankle and foot move, and help keep the joints stable.


Question: What does the overall treatment process of an ankle sprain look like?

Answer: On average, the initial treatment of a sprain, includes resting, and protecting the ankle until swelling goes down for about one week. That's followed by a period of one to two weeks of exercise to restore range of motion, strength, and flexibility. It can take several more weeks to several months to gradually return to your normal activities while you continue to exercise.


Question: How long do bones take to heal after an ankle break?

Answer: It's important to rest the ankle to prevent further damage and keep weight off of it. Elevating the injured ankle to at least the level of your heart will reduce swelling and pain. Ligaments and tendons can take longer to heal after a fracture is fully mended. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months. After the doctor has determined it is safe for you to start moving your ankle, you may need physical therapy to provide gait training, balance, strengthening, and mobility exercises. The therapist will develop a home program that you can use to regain your previous normal function. It can take several months to return to a normal walking pattern without limping.


Question: How do you treat tendon injuries?

Answer: Sprains, Strains, and Fractures Ankle injuries are defined by the kind of tissue -- bone, ligament, or tendon -- that's damaged. They include: Immobilization using a cast or splint Oral or injected anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain Physical therapy for range of motion, strength, and balance A brace to provide support during activities Surgery to repair the tendon or tendons and sometimes to repair the supporting structures of the foot The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases recommends the following steps for reducing your risk of an ankle injury: Avoid exercising or playing sports when you are tired or in pain.


Question: What are symptoms of tendinosis?

Answer: Symptoms include: Sporadic pain on the outside of the ankle Weakness or instability in the ankle An increase in the height of the foot's arch With the subluxation you will notice ankle instability or weakness. You also may notice sporadic pain behind the outside ankle bone and a "snapping" feeling around the ankle bone. It can take as long as two years to completely recover full painfree motion and strength after an ankle fracture, although most people are able to resume their normal daily routine within three to four months.


Question: Who is most likely to get ankle injuries?

Answer: However, men between 15 and 24 years old have higher rates of ankle sprain, compared to women older than age 30 who have higher rates than men. Half of all ankle sprains occur during an athletic activity. Every day in the U. S., 25,000 people sprain their ankle. And more than 1 million people visit emergency rooms each year because of ankle injuries. The most common ankle injuries are sprains and fractures, which involve ligaments and bones in the ankle. But you can also tear or strain a tendon. The doctor may order an ankle X-ray to determine whether there are any broken bones.


Question: Are fractures treated surgically or nonsurgically?

Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. Typically the doctor will do this by putting on a brace that works as a splint or by putting on a cast. If the ankle is unstable, the fracture will be treated surgically. Often, the ankle is made stable by using a metal plate and screws to hold the bones in place. Following the surgery, the ankle is protected with a splint until the swelling goes down and then with a cast.


Question: How do you treat mild ankle sprains?

Answer: If the sprain is mild, the swelling and pain may be slight. With a mild sprain, you won't need a splint or a cast. Your doctor will tell you to put weight on the ankle fairly soon -- within one to three days -- as long as you can tolerate it and will prescribe range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises.


Question: What are some questions I should ask my doctor about my skin allergy?

Answer: Do I need allergy testing? Should I see a specialist? What will make my rash feel better? Will it go away? Can I use over-the-counter medications, or do I need prescription drugs? If I need medicine, what are the possible side effects? Are there things I should avoid? Can I take something to prevent an allergic reaction? Are there other treatments that could help? Should I be worried about an allergic emergency? What should I watch for? Do I need to be concerned about other allergies?


Question: Can physical problems of the uterus cause abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Millions of women have fibroids -- noncancerous tumors that grow in the muscles of the wall of the uterus. A polyp is another kind of growth that can form in the lining of your uterus. And a condition called adenomyosis causes the endometrium to grow into the tissue of the uterus.


Question: How do NSAIDs treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: If you take anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen or naproxen a few days before your period starts, they may help lighten the bleeding.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a hysteroscopy?

Answer: Hysteroscopy: Your doctor will look inside your uterus with a tiny lighted scope that they put in through your cervix.


Question: What are less common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: These are much less common, but abnormal uterine bleeding also can be caused by: Bleeding or clotting disorders or blood-thinning medicines Cancer of the cervix, endometrium, or uterus Illnesses that affect your kidneys, liver, thyroid, or adrenal glands Infection of your cervix or endometrium It can help to take detailed notes over a few cycles so you can give your doctor specific information about your symptoms.


Question: Do doctors look at how often you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Doctors check these things when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding: How often you get your period: Your period should be fairly regular -- the length of each cycle usually shouldn't change by more than a week. And if it's shorter than 3 weeks or longer than 5, that could be a sign of a problem.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an ultrasound?

Answer: Ultrasound: This uses sound waves to make images of the inside of your uterus so your doctor can look for fibroids or polyps.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with an MRI scan?

Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging scan: This uses radio waves and powerful magnets to make detailed pictures of your uterus. It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with a biopsy?

Answer: Biopsy: Your doctor may take out a small piece of tissue so it can be checked under a microscope for abnormal cells.


Question: What is endometrial ablation?

Answer: This uses heat, cold, electricity, or a laser to destroy the lining of the uterus. It may end your periods entirely. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do. You'll need to use birth control until menopause.


Question: What is a myomectomy or uterine artery embolization?

Answer: It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.


Question: What things can throw off your hormones and lead to abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: These things can throw off your hormones, too: Birth control pills and other medicines Fast weight loss or gain Emotional or physical stress An intrauterine device ( IUD) Another possible reason for abnormal bleeding is a physical problem with your uterus.


Question: Can abnormal uterine bleeding be diagnosed with blood work?

Answer: You'll probably get a pregnancy test, and you may also have: Blood work: Heavy bleeding can leave your body short of iron. A blood test can see if that's a problem for you. It can also show if your hormones are out of balance or if you have a blood disorder or chronic disease.


Question: What causes abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Problems with your hormones are the most common reason for abnormal uterine bleeding. When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). With teenagers and women who are getting close to menopause, the endometrium can build up too much, and that can lead to an irregular or heavy period or spotting between periods.


Question: How does tranexamic acid treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: This is when your uterus is taken out.


Question: Do doctors look at how long you get your period when diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: How long it lasts: A typical period lasts 4 or 5 days. If yours is often less than 2 days or longer than a week, that could mean something's wrong.


Question: How do hormones treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Birth control pills and other hormone treatments may be able to give you regular menstrual cycles and lighter periods.


Question: How do you treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: This will depend on the cause of the abnormal uterine bleeding -- if a chronic illness or a blood disorder is at the root of your symptoms, treating that can help. Your treatment also can depend on whether you plan to have children. It might not be safe to get pregnant after some treatments, while others can make it impossible. If you're close to menopause, your doctor may want to take a wait-and-see approach because your symptoms may get better on their own.


Question: How do gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) treat abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: When one of your ovaries releases an egg (called ovulation), certain hormones tell your body to build up then shed the lining of your uterus (called the endometrium). It's not used that often, but it can help spot adenomyosis.


Question: What is abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: If it's so heavy or unpredictable that it keeps you from doing some activities or makes you miss work or school, you may have a medical condition that should be treated. You probably won't be able to get pregnant after having it done, but it can be very dangerous if you do.


Question: Can an IUD stop abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer: Abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding is called menorrhagia. After menopause, women who take hormone replacement therapy may still have periods.


Question: Is it easy to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can be a challenge for doctors to diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS). There's no single test that can prove you have it.


Question: Are electrical tests used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Evoked potentials: These electrical nerve tests can help doctors confirm if MS has affected the parts of your brain that help you see, hear, and feel. The doctor will place wires on your scalp to test your brain's response as you watch a pattern on a video screen, hear a series of clicks, or get electrical pulses on your arm or leg.


Question: What other tests are used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Evoked potentials: These electrical nerve tests can help doctors confirm if MS has affected the parts of your brain that help you see, hear, and feel. The doctor will place wires on your scalp to test your brain's response as you watch a pattern on a video screen, hear a series of clicks, or get electrical pulses on your arm or leg. Blood tests: They can't diagnose MS, but the doctor will use them to look for substances in your blood that point to it.


Question: Will my doctor examine my blood to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Blood tests: They can't diagnose MS, but the doctor will use them to look for substances in your blood that point to it. Most importantly, they can help your doctor rule out conditions that look like MS.


Question: Does a normal MRI confirm that I do not have multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Also, an MRI result that says things are normal doesn't rule out MS. You could be one of a small number of people who have lesions in places the scan can't show.


Question: What does an MRI show?

Answer: They can see changes caused by multiple sclerosis like signs of inflammation in the deep parts of your brain or spinal cord. But older people or those with high blood pressure and diabetes also can have the same kinds of spots on a brain MRI. So the doctor will consider other info, including your symptoms, along with the scan results before they make a diagnosis.


Question: Will you need a spinal tap for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: They'll ask how you're feeling and help you figure out if your symptoms mean you have MS or another problem. Doctors use it to look for high levels of proteins and other substances that are signs of the disease. It can help diagnose MS, but it, too, isn't absolute proof.


Question: What should I do after a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It can be a challenge for doctors to diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS). If you've been waiting years or months, the news might be a relief. Either way, you'll have concerns about what the disease means for your life and your family. That's completely understandable. Talk with others -- your friends, your doctor, a support group, or a counselor -- about your feelings. Your health care team can help you decide the best ways to treat your disease and live with it day to day. MS affects everyone differently, so what works for one person with the condition may not be what's best for you.


Question: What tests will my doctor perform to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Your doctor will need to: Find damage to at least two areas of your central nervous system (your brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves) Prove the damage happened at different points in time Rule out any other diagnosis The doctor will start by asking you about your medical history and your symptoms. They'll also do a few tests to see if your brain and spinal cord are working as they should. Spinal taps: This test, which you may also hear called lumbar puncture, checks the fluid that runs through your spinal column.


Question: What happens after multiple sclerosis has been diagnosed?

Answer: It can be a challenge for doctors to diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS). If you've been waiting years or months, the news might be a relief. Either way, you'll have concerns about what the disease means for your life and your family. That's completely understandable. Talk with others -- your friends, your doctor, a support group, or a counselor -- about your feelings. Your health care team can help you decide the best ways to treat your disease and live with it day to day. MS affects everyone differently, so what works for one person with the condition may not be what's best for you.


Question: Does precision medicine exist for everyone?

Answer: Precision medicine, at its core, is about matching the right drugs to the right people. But today it's not yet possible for every disease. So even though it sounds like a great idea, your doctor might still give you the standard drug that most other people get.


Question: Will precision medicines cure cancer?

Answer: Cancers can evolve over time and become resistant to a treatment. Or a drug may work against only part of a tumor, which lets the remaining part continue to grow.


Question: Where is precision medicine most used currently?

Answer: Where precision medicine is starting to make a difference is in the treatment of some cancers. Researchers are beginning to change how they classify tumors. The genetics of some breast cancers, for instance, may be more like stomach tumors than other breast cancers. With precision medicine, cancers that are genetically alike are treated similarly. For example, doctors know a drug called Gleevec (imatinib) works to treat leukemia only when the cancer cells have one particular genetic makeup. So, rather than treat everyone with leukemia using Gleevec, doctors test people for that specific genetic mix and give the drug only to those who have it. They're using the same approach to decide which meds people take for breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, as well as melanoma.


Question: Is precision medicine based on genetics?

Answer: Or a drug may work against only part of a tumor, which lets the remaining part continue to grow. These could include: The perfect diet for you -- and only you Tests to find the bacteria in your digestive system Blood samples to count your immune cells Real-time tracking of your blood sugar levels, heartbeat, or blood pressure Anything that can give doctors a better sense of you as an individual has the potential to help them figure out how to make you healthier.


Question: Why is precision medicine needed?

Answer: Picture this: You get detailed tests that can gauge how your arthritis or cancer differs from someone else's. Then you get a treatment that's tailored to you, rather than to anyone else. To test all this out, researchers are turning to something called âbasket trials.â The âbasketâ is based on the genetics of your cancer, not where it is in your body. The treatment they receive is based on the genetics of their tumor.


Question: What is precision medicine?

Answer: Picture this: You get detailed tests that can gauge how your arthritis or cancer differs from someone else's. These could include: The perfect diet for you -- and only you Tests to find the bacteria in your digestive system Blood samples to count your immune cells Real-time tracking of your blood sugar levels, heartbeat, or blood pressure Anything that can give doctors a better sense of you as an individual has the potential to help them figure out how to make you healthier.


Question: Can myelofibrosis cause high blood pressure?

Answer: Portal hypertension: Blood leaves your spleen and goes to your liver through the portal vein. When you have an enlarged spleen, the blood goes out under high pressure. This can force it into smaller veins in your stomach and esophagus. Sometimes they burst and bleed.


Question: Can myelofibrosis cause acute leukemia?

Answer: Acute leukemia: Some people who have myelofibrosis will get acute myeloid leukemia. This blood cancer can get worse quickly if it isn't treated.


Question: What is a CT coronary angiogram used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: It uses an X-ray and a contrast dye to see if you have coronary artery disease. Your doctor can view images in 3- D, which lets him see blockages in your arteries.


Question: What is a cardiac MRI used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: This less-commonly used test helps your doctor figure out if you have problems with your heart muscle or the tissues that surround the heart.


Question: What is cardiac catheterization used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: It uses an X-ray and a contrast dye to see if you have coronary artery disease.


Question: What is an echocardiogram used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: This test, often called an "echo," shows your heart's movement. During this exam, your doctor places a wand on the surface of your chest. It sends ultrasound waves that show pictures of your heart's valves and chambers. Those images let your doctor look at how well your ticker is pumping. Your doctor may combine an echocardiogram with tests called Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to check blood flow across your heart's valves.


Question: What will the doctor ask before figuring out the right treatment for heart failure?

Answer: First, your doctor will want to know if you: Have other conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, angina, high blood pressure, or other heart problems Smoke Drink alcohol, and how much Take medications, and which ones Your doctor will also do a physical exam.


Question: What is a stress test used for to diagnose heart failure?

Answer: Your heart releases it when heart failure develops. It helps your doctor find clogged heart arteries.


Question: What should your bedroom be like if you have insomnia?

Answer: Temperature, lighting, and noise should be controlled to make the bedroom conducive to falling (and staying) asleep. Your bed should feel comfortable and if you have a pet that sleeps in the room with you, consider having the pet sleep somewhere else if it tends to make noise in the night.


Question: How can cognitive therapy help insomnia?

Answer: Cognitive therapy helps some people with insomnia identify and correct inappropriate thoughts and beliefs that may contribute to insomnia. In addition, cognitive therapy can give you the proper information about sleep norms, age-related sleep changes, and help set reasonable sleep goals, among other things.


Question: Why are naps bad for insomnia?

Answer: It is important to establish and maintain a regular sleep pattern and train oneself to associate sleep with cues like darkness and a consistent bedtime. Napping can affect the quality of nighttime sleep.


Question: Why is eating or drinking right before bed bad for insomnia?

Answer: Eating a late dinner or snacking before going to bed can activate the digestive system and keep you up. If you suffer from gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD) or heartburn, it is even more important to avoid eating and drinking right before bed since this can make your symptoms worse. In addition, drinking a lot of fluids prior to bed can overwhelm the bladder, requiring frequent visits to the bathroom that disturb your sleep.


Question: Why is exercise good for insomnia?

Answer: Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and duration. However, exercising immediately before bedtime can have a stimulant effect on the body and should be avoided. Try to finish exercising at least three hours before you plan to retire for the night.


Question: Is it OK to do things besides sleep in your bedroom when you have insomnia?

Answer: If you suffer from insomnia, do not balance the checkbook, study, or make phone calls, for example, while in bed or even in the bedroom, and avoid watching television or listening to the radio. All these activities can increase alertness and make it difficult to fall asleep. Your bed should feel comfortable and if you have a pet that sleeps in the room with you, consider having the pet sleep somewhere else if it tends to make noise in the night.


Question: What can help you sleep when you have insomnia?

Answer: Wake up at the same time each day. Eliminate alcohol and stimulants like nicotine and caffeine. Limit naps. Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and duration. The bed is for sleeping and having sex and that's it. Do not eat or drink right before going to bed. Make your sleeping environment comfortable. Get all your worrying over with before you go to bed. Consider participating in cognitive therapy.


Question: Should I eat vegetables to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: 5 -- Work a Few Veggies Into Your Day Vegetables offer loads of fiber plus antioxidants that can help fight heart disease and some types of cancer. Here are a few examples: 1 cup carrot slices, cooked = 5 grams of fiber 1 cup cooked broccoli = 4.5 grams of fiber 1 sweet potato = 4 grams of fiber 1 cup cauliflower, cooked = 3 grams of fiber 2 cups raw spinach leaves = 3 grams of fiber Having trouble getting started?


Question: Should I eat breakfast cereals to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: 2 -- Eat Breakfast Cereals Some cereals contain 5 or more grams of fiber per serving. Here are a few examples: 1 cup of Raisin Bran = 8 grams of fiber 1/2 cup of All- Bran = 10 grams 1 cup of Shredded Wheat Spoonsize = 5 grams 1 1/4 cups of cooked oatmeal = 5 grams No.


Question: What is cruciferous au gratin and how can I make it to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: Cruciferous Au Gratin Makes six side servings Ingredients 4 cups cauliflower florets ( Reserve about 2 cups of the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems) 4 cups broccoli florets 2 tablespoons chopped shallots 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 cup golden mushroom canned soup (vegetable or chicken broth can be substituted) 1 cup fat-free half and half (low-fat or whole milk can be substituted) 1 to 1 1/2 teaspoons horseradish (to taste) Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste cup grated Gruyere cheese (reduced-fat Swiss or Jarlsberg Lite can be substituted) Directions Add cauliflower and broccoli florets to large microwave-safe dish with 1/4 cup of water. Cover dish and microwave on HIGH until just tender (about four-six minutes). Meanwhile, start heating a medium-sized nonstick frying pan over medium heat. Coat the pan with canola cooking spray. Add the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems, shallots, and garlic, and gently saute until soft (do not brown). Add the golden mushroom soup or vegetable or chicken broth and cook until the stock is almost evaporated. Transfer the mixture to a food processor or blender along with the fat-free half-and-half and pulse until fairly smooth. Add the horseradish and season with salt and pepper to taste. Coat a 9-inch pie plate with canola cooking spray. Add the cauliflower and broccoli florets to the dish and pour the half-and-half mixture over the top. Gently toss to blend. Sprinkle the cheese over the top. Bake at 350 degrees for about 15 minutes until golden brown. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 115 calories, 10 grams protein, 12.7 grams carbohydrate, 3.5 grams fat (1.9 grams saturated fat), 11 milligrams cholesterol, 3.5 grams fiber, 240 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 26%.


Question: Should I eat fruits to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: 4 -- Enjoy a Few Fruits Each Day Fruits are great choices because they include both fiber and extra water. Here are a few examples: 1 apple = 3.7 grams of fiber 1 banana = 2.8 grams 1 pear = 4 grams 1 cup of strawberries = 3.8 grams No.


Question: How can people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) get more veggies in their diet?

Answer: 5 -- Work a Few Veggies Into Your Day Vegetables offer loads of fiber plus antioxidants that can help fight heart disease and some types of cancer. Here are a few examples: 1 cup carrot slices, cooked = 5 grams of fiber 1 cup cooked broccoli = 4.5 grams of fiber 1 sweet potato = 4 grams of fiber 1 cup cauliflower, cooked = 3 grams of fiber 2 cups raw spinach leaves = 3 grams of fiber Having trouble getting started?


Question: What are some ways for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to get more whole grains?

Answer: 1 -- Get Those Whole Grains First, make sure you are not gluten sensitive. If unsure, stop eating gluten for three weeks and use alternatives instead (such as rice, quinoa, potato, and flax). You can get 4 grams of fiber easily with a serving of whole grains. Here are a few examples: 1 to 2 slices of whole-grain bread (depending on the brand) 1 cup of brown rice 1 1/2 to 2 tablespoons ground flaxseed (depending on the brand) 9 Reduced- Fat Triscuits No.


Question: What are some ways for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to eat more breakfast cereals?

Answer: 2 -- Eat Breakfast Cereals Some cereals contain 5 or more grams of fiber per serving. Here are a few examples: 1 cup of Raisin Bran = 8 grams of fiber 1/2 cup of All- Bran = 10 grams 1 cup of Shredded Wheat Spoonsize = 5 grams 1 1/4 cups of cooked oatmeal = 5 grams No.


Question: What are the ingredients for a high-fiber berry parfait for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: High- Fiber Berry Parfait Makes one parfait Ingredients cup strawberry or berry yogurt (low-fat or light depending on preference) cup sliced strawberries cup Raisin Bran cereal Garnish parfait with: a small dollop of light whipping cream or light Cool Whip and a whole strawberry or fan a few slices of strawberries on top (optional) Directions 1.


Question: How can I get more fiber in my diet to help my IBS-C?

Answer: 2 -- Eat Breakfast Cereals Some cereals contain 5 or more grams of fiber per serving.


Question: How do I make an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-friendly 7-layer bean dip?

Answer: Directions Add beans to small microwave-safe bowl and heat on HIGH for two minutes to warm and soften. Stir in chili powder, black pepper, and pepper sauce to taste. Spread into an 8 x 8-inch baking dish and let cool. Spread sour cream over the beans. Top beans with shredded cheese then sprinkle chopped tomatoes evenly over the top. Top with green onions and olives if desired. Refrigerate until needed. Serve with any of the suggested dippers. Nutritional Information Per Serving (not including dippers): 145 calories, 10 grams protein, 18.5 grams carbohydrate, 3 grams fat (2 grams saturated fat), 10 milligrams cholesterol, 4 grams fiber, 400 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 21%.


Question: What is a parfait recipe I can make to help treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Answer: High- Fiber Berry Parfait Makes one parfait Ingredients cup strawberry or berry yogurt (low-fat or light depending on preference) cup sliced strawberries cup Raisin Bran cereal Garnish parfait with: a small dollop of light whipping cream or light Cool Whip and a whole strawberry or fan a few slices of strawberries on top (optional) Directions 1. In 2-cup measure, blend yogurt with sliced strawberries. Spoon half of the mixture into parfait glass. Sprinkle half of the Raisin Bran over the yogurt mixture. Top that with the rest of the yogurt mixture and sprinkle the remaining Raisin Bran over the top with a dollop of light whipped cream and a strawberry if desired. Enjoy immediately. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 230 calories, 9 grams protein, 50 grams carbohydrate, 2 grams fat (.9 grams saturated fat), 5 milligrams cholesterol, 5.5 grams fiber, 255 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 8%


Question: How can I make a Cruciferous Au Gratin for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Directions Add beans to small microwave-safe bowl and heat on HIGH for two minutes to warm and soften. Cruciferous Au Gratin Makes six side servings Ingredients 4 cups cauliflower florets ( Reserve about 2 cups of the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems) 4 cups broccoli florets 2 tablespoons chopped shallots 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 cup golden mushroom canned soup (vegetable or chicken broth can be substituted) 1 cup fat-free half and half (low-fat or whole milk can be substituted) 1 to 1 1/2 teaspoons horseradish (to taste) Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste cup grated Gruyere cheese (reduced-fat Swiss or Jarlsberg Lite can be substituted) Directions Add cauliflower and broccoli florets to large microwave-safe dish with 1/4 cup of water. Cover dish and microwave on HIGH until just tender (about four-six minutes). Meanwhile, start heating a medium-sized nonstick frying pan over medium heat. Coat the pan with canola cooking spray. Add the coarsely chopped cauliflower stems, shallots, and garlic, and gently saute until soft (do not brown). Add the golden mushroom soup or vegetable or chicken broth and cook until the stock is almost evaporated. Transfer the mixture to a food processor or blender along with the fat-free half-and-half and pulse until fairly smooth. Add the horseradish and season with salt and pepper to taste. Coat a 9-inch pie plate with canola cooking spray. Add the cauliflower and broccoli florets to the dish and pour the half-and-half mixture over the top. Gently toss to blend. Sprinkle the cheese over the top. Bake at 350 degrees for about 15 minutes until golden brown. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 115 calories, 10 grams protein, 12.7 grams carbohydrate, 3.5 grams fat (1.9 grams saturated fat), 11 milligrams cholesterol, 3.5 grams fiber, 240 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 26%.


Question: How can I make a high-fiber berry parfait for someone with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Directions Add beans to small microwave-safe bowl and heat on HIGH for two minutes to warm and soften. In 2-cup measure, blend yogurt with sliced strawberries. Spoon half of the mixture into parfait glass. Sprinkle half of the Raisin Bran over the yogurt mixture. Top that with the rest of the yogurt mixture and sprinkle the remaining Raisin Bran over the top with a dollop of light whipped cream and a strawberry if desired. Enjoy immediately. Nutritional Information Per Serving: 230 calories, 9 grams protein, 50 grams carbohydrate, 2 grams fat (.9 grams saturated fat), 5 milligrams cholesterol, 5.5 grams fiber, 255 milligrams sodium. Calories from fat: 8%


Question: What is an advance directive?

Answer: Sometimes called a living will, this document spells out the measures you would like taken, or not taken, to prolong your life. This document is legally binding.


Question: What is a durable power of attorney for health care?

Answer: Designating someone to have your power of attorney for health care does not mean you give up any power to make your own decisions. This person should have a copy of your advance directives, and should know your specific wishes regarding the kinds of lifesaving measures you do and do not want.


Question: Who can take online vision tests?

Answer: Online vision tests are meant for healthy adults ages 18 to 39 who: Already have a prescription for eyeglasses and it's not very strong Have already had a complete eye exam and know their eyes are healthy Have no risks for eye disease, like diabetes or high blood pressure Even if you are the right age and healthy enough to take an online vision test, you should still get regular eye exams as often as your eye doctor recommends.


Question: What do you need about online vision test?

Answer: Several companies offer tests that you can take on the internet with your computer or smartphone. An online vision test might check: How sharp your vision is If you have astigmatism, a condition that can make things blurry or stretched How sensitive your eyes are to light If you have color-blindness, meaning you can't see colors correctly These eye tests can be helpful in some situations, like if you break or lose your glasses when you're far from home and you need a prescription to get new ones. But they can't replace regular visits to your eye doctor. That's because they are only about vision -- they don't check the health of your eyes. They can't tell you if you have a condition that can threaten your sight, like cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration.


Question: What will an online vision test check?

Answer: An online vision test might check: How sharp your vision is If you have astigmatism, a condition that can make things blurry or stretched How sensitive your eyes are to light If you have color-blindness, meaning you can't see colors correctly These eye tests can be helpful in some situations, like if you break or lose your glasses when you're far from home and you need a prescription to get new ones.


Question: What does an online vision test require?

Answer: You'll need a computer and some space to sit back so you can take the part of the test that checks your distance vision. Some tests also need you to have a smartphone so you can use an app. If you have prescription eyeglasses or contacts, chances are you'll need to wear them for the test. The bottom line: Before you take an online vision test, make sure you understand what it can and can't tell you.


Question: Is there a vaccine for pneumonia?

Answer: There are 2 types: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPSV23) for adults and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV13) for children.


Question: How can I avoid complications of the flu?

Answer: Other serious symptoms include: Fever with shaking chills Coughing with blood-tinged mucus from the lungs Trouble breathing Rapid breathing Shortness of breath Chest pains Wheezing Many can be managed. But some, depending on how weak your immune system is, can't be prevented. If you do get the flu, call your doctor within 48 hours after your symptoms show up. Ask about a flu antiviral drug. If you get them early enough, they can help ease your symptoms and help you get well sooner.


Question: How long does pneumonia last?

Answer: It can hang around for about 2 weeks, or even longer in young children, elderly adults, and those who have weakened immune systems or ongoing illness like COPD or asthma. Even healthy people may feel tired or weak for a month or more after their lungs clear up.


Question: Who should get vaccinated for pneumonia?

Answer: There are 2 types: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPSV23) for adults and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV13) for children. The adult vaccine protects against 23 types of bacteria that commonly cause pneumonia. Doctors suggest that healthy seniors over 65 get both vaccines. The timing and sequence in which you get them will vary depending on what vaccines you've already had. Some experts say adults younger than 55 should get both vaccines to boost their immune system. The pneumonia vaccine isn't recommended for pregnant women.


Question: What pneumonia vaccine should children get?

Answer: But it can help people at increased risk for infections, like those with: Heart disease Liver disease Lung disease Kidney failure Diabetes Some cancers Sickle cell anemia HIV/ AIDS Asthma (or smokers) ages 19 through 64 Children under age 2 should get four doses of the PCV13 vaccine. Tots between 2 and 4 who didn't get the pneumonia vaccine series should get a single vaccine. Children 6 to 18 with health problems should get a single dose of PCV13 whether they had shots already or not.


Question: Who is most at risk for complications of the flu?

Answer: Adults over 65 Children ages 6 months to 4 years Nursing home residents Adults and children with heart or lung disease People with compromised immune systems (including people with HIV/ AIDS) Pregnant women It can happen when the flu virus enters your lung or when you get a bacterial infection during the course of the illness.


Question: What are symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer: It can cause chills, fever, chest pains, and sweating. You might have a cough with green or bloody mucus. You could notice a faster pulse, and your lips or nails might have a bluish tint because of a lack of oxygen. Other symptoms include shortness of breath and sharp pains in your chest when you take a deep breath. Seniors may only notice a pain in the belly.


Question: Can you get pneumonia from the flu?

Answer: Adults over 65 Children ages 6 months to 4 years Nursing home residents Adults and children with heart or lung disease People with compromised immune systems (including people with HIV/ AIDS) Pregnant women It can happen when the flu virus enters your lung or when you get a bacterial infection during the course of the illness. Pneumonia can make you quite ill and may send you to the hospital.


Question: What are the most common complications of the flu?

Answer: You may have: Fever (usually high Headache Tiredness (can be extreme) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Body aches Diarrhea and vomiting (more common among children than adults) They include viral or bacterial pneumonia, dehydration, and ear infections and sinus infections, especially in children. The flu can worsen long-term medical conditions, like congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes. You might also have muscle inflammation (myositis), problems with your central nervous system, and heart problems such as heart attacks, inflammation of the organ (myocarditis), and inflammation of the sac around it (pericarditis).


Question: When should I call my doctor about serious flu symptoms?

Answer: Call him if you have a high fever and a hard time breathing. Other serious symptoms include: Fever with shaking chills Coughing with blood-tinged mucus from the lungs Trouble breathing Rapid breathing Shortness of breath Chest pains Wheezing Many can be managed.


Question: What are symptoms of the flu?

Answer: You may have: Fever (usually high Headache Tiredness (can be extreme) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Body aches Diarrhea and vomiting (more common among children than adults) They include viral or bacterial pneumonia, dehydration, and ear infections and sinus infections, especially in children.


Question: Can the flu cause severe health problems?

Answer: And it doesn't always happen, but there's a chance that it could lead to more serious health problems, or "complications," like sinusitis (sinus infections), bronchitis, or pneumonia. But if you know what the symptoms are and how to take precautions, you can avoid these problems and stay healthy. Even healthy people may feel tired or weak for a month or more after their lungs clear up.


Question: What are the symptoms of a bacterial infection with the flu?

Answer: Adults over 65 Children ages 6 months to 4 years Nursing home residents Adults and children with heart or lung disease People with compromised immune systems (including people with HIV/ AIDS) Pregnant women It can happen when the flu virus enters your lung or when you get a bacterial infection during the course of the illness. Then they get worse with high fevers, more coughing, and a greenish tinge to what you're coughing up. Call your doctor if you have a cough that won't stop, a bad fever, or if you get shortness of breath or chest pains.


Question: How long will I need treatment for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: You'll need these treatments for the rest of your life.


Question: What are questions that I may ask to my doctor if I have alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: You might start with these: Have you treated other people with AAT deficiency? How can I protect my lungs and liver? What treatment do you suggest? How will we know how I'm doing? Should I get my children tested for this condition?


Question: What are symptoms of liver problems caused by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Other warning signs include: Feeling tired Your heart beats fast when you stand up Weight loss If AAT deficiency causes problems with your liver, you could have symptoms like: Yellowish skin or eyes Swollen belly or legs Coughing up blood A newborn baby might have: Jaundice, a yellow tint to the skin or eyes Yellow urine Trouble gaining weight An enlarged liver Bleeding from the nose or umbilical stump It's rare, but some people also get a skin disease called panniculitis. It causes hardening of the skin along with painful lumps or patches.


Question: How is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency treated?

Answer: Although there's no cure for AAT deficiency, you can raise the amount of AAT protein in your blood, which protects you against more lung damage. Doctors call this augmentation therapy. You may also have this treatment if you get emphysema. Augmentation therapy is also called replacement therapy. You get a new supply of AAT protein that comes from the blood of healthy human donors. The goal of augmentation therapy is to slow or stop the damage in your lungs. It won't reverse the disease or heal any damage you already have.


Question: How does my doctor diagnose alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Your doctor will also listen to your breathing with a stethoscope to check for wheezing or other signs that your lungs aren't working right. They also look to see how much of the protein you have in your bloodstream. Your doctor will also tests your lungs and liver to see how much damage the condition has caused.


Question: What causes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency runs in families. If you have it, you got it from faulty genes that both your parents passed down to you. The broken genes you get from your parents cause you to have a low level of AAT protein in your blood. It can build up in the liver instead of going into your bloodstream. That buildup in your liver causes liver disease. The shortage of AAT protein in your bloodstream leads to lung disease.


Question: What might my doctor ask to see if I have alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: You may feel short of breath, especially when you try to exercise. Have you been getting a lot of colds or lung infections? Have you lost weight lately? Have you noticed any yellowing of your skin or eyes?


Question: What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disease, which means it's passed down to you from your parents. It can cause serious lung or liver disease. There's no cure, but treatments can help you manage your liver and breathing problems.


Question: What is severe persistent asthma?

Answer: Symptoms occur continuously, with frequent nighttime asthma. Activities are limited. Lung function is decreased to less than 60% of predicted values.


Question: Who's likely to have adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Among those who may be more likely to get adult-onset asthma are: Women who are having hormonal changes, such as those who are pregnant or who are experiencing menopause Women who take estrogen following menopause for 10 years or longer People who have just had certain viruses or illnesses, such as a cold or flu People with allergies, especially to cats People who have GERD, a type of chronic heartburn with reflux People who are exposed to environmental irritants, such as tobacco smoke, mold, dust, feather beds, or perfume Irritants that bring on asthma symptoms are called "asthma triggers."


Question: What are bronchodilators for treating asthma?

Answer: Bronchodilators: These medications relax the muscle bands that tighten around the airways. This action rapidly opens the airways, letting more air in and out of the lungs and improving breathing. As the airways open, the mucus moves more freely and can be coughed out more easily.


Question: What is adult-onset asthma?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When asthma symptoms appear and are diagnosed in adults older than age 20, it is typically known as adult-onset asthma. About half of adults who have asthma also have allergies. Adult-onset asthma also may be the result of commonplace irritants in the workplace (called occupational asthma) or home environments, and the asthma symptoms come on suddenly.


Question: What are the categories of asthma?

Answer: These categories are: mild intermittent; mild persistent; moderate persistent; and severe persistent. Your physician will determine the severity and control of your asthma based on how frequently you have symptoms and on lung function tests.


Question: How do you keep track of well your lungs are working?

Answer: The meter can alert you to changes in the airways that may be a sign of worsening asthma. By taking daily peak flow readings, you can learn when to adjust medications to keep asthma under good control. Your doctor can also use this information to adjust your treatment plan.


Question: What are treatment goals of asthma?

Answer: Treatment goals include the following: Live an active, normal life Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms Attend work or school every day Perform daily activities without difficulty Stop urgent visits to the doctor, emergency room, or hospital Use and adjust medications to control asthma with little or no side effects Properly using asthma medication, as prescribed by your doctor, is the basis of good asthma control, in addition to avoiding triggers and monitoring daily asthma symptoms.


Question: Can a chest x-ray diagnose adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Your doctor might perform an X-ray exam on you in order to see the structures inside your chest, including the heart, lungs, and bones. By viewing your lungs, your doctor can see if you have a condition other than asthma that may account for your symptoms.


Question: How is adult-onset asthma diagnosed?

Answer: Your asthma doctor may diagnose adult-onset asthma by: Taking a medical history, asking about symptoms, and listening to you breathe Performing a lung function test, using a device called a spirometer, to measure how much air you can exhale after first taking a deep breath and how fast you can empty your lungs.


Question: What is an asthma action plan?

Answer: The asthma action plan describes when and how to use asthma medications, actions to take when asthma worsens, and when to seek care for an asthma emergency.


Question: What are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer: In the airways there is: Swelling or inflammation, specifically in the airway linings Production of large amounts of mucus that is thicker than normal Narrowing because of muscle contractions surrounding the airways The symptoms of asthma include: Feeling short of breath Frequent coughing, especially at night Wheezing (a whistling noise during breathing) Difficulty breathing Chest tightness When a doctor makes a diagnosis of asthma in people older than age 20, it is known as adult-onset asthma.


Question: How can a methacholine challenge test diagnose adult-onset asthma?

Answer: Performing a methacholine challenge test; this asthma test may be performed if your symptoms and spirometry test do not clearly show asthma. When inhaled, methacholine causes the airways to spasm and narrow if asthma is present.


Question: Who's more likely to have asthma?

Answer: Anyone can get asthma at any age. Among those at higher risk for asthma are people who: Have a family history of asthma Have a history of allergies (allergic asthma) Have smokers living in the household Live in urban areas Asthma is classified into four categories based upon frequency of symptoms and objective measures, such as peak flow measurements and/or spirometry results.


Question: What is mild intermittent asthma?

Answer: Symptoms occur less than twice a week, and nighttime symptoms occur less than two times per month. Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. These medications need to be taken daily, and may need to be taken for several weeks before they begin to control asthma.


Question: How can anti-inflammatories treat asthma?

Answer: There are two main types of asthma medications: Anti-inflammatories: This is the most important type of medication for most people with asthma. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as inhaled steroids, reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. If taken every day, they are helpful in controlling or preventing asthma flares.


Question: What is moderate persistent asthma?

Answer: These categories are: mild intermittent; mild persistent; moderate persistent; and severe persistent. Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. Nocturnal symptoms greater than five times per month. Asthma symptoms affect activity, occur more than two times per week, and may last for days.


Question: What is mild persistent asthma?

Answer: Lung function tests are 80% or more above predicted values. Symptoms occur three to six times per week. Nighttime symptoms occur three to four times a month.


Question: How is vaginismus related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Vaginismus: Painful spasms of muscles at the opening of the vagina may be an involuntary but appropriate response to painful stimuli. These spasms may be due to several factors, including painful insertion, previous painful experiences, previous abuse, or an unresolved conflict regarding sexuality. For a woman with vaginismus, her doctor may recommend behavioral therapy, including vaginal relaxation exercises.


Question: How is inadequate lubrication related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Inadequate lubrication: Treatment of inadequate lubrication depends on the cause. Treatment options include water-soluble lubricants (for use with condoms; other types of lubricants may damage condoms) or other substances such as vegetable oils. If arousal does not take place, more extensive foreplay might be needed during sexual relations.


Question: How is urethritis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Urethritis and urethral syndrome: With this condition, a woman may urinate frequently with urgency, pain, and difficulty, but a urinalysis can find no identifiable bacteria. These symptoms may be caused by chronic inflammation of the urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body), from muscle spasms, anxiety, low estrogen levels, or a combination of these causes. Using a special instrument, the doctor may dilate the urethra if it is narrowed. The doctor may prescribe low-dose antibiotics. At times, antidepressants and antispasmodics may also be prescribed.


Question: What is the treatment for deep thrust pain during intercouse?

Answer: Treatment for deep thrust pain includes two strategies: Checking for pelvic adhesions (tissue that has become stuck together, sometimes developing after surgery) that may cause pain with intercourse and surgically removing them. Checking for ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease , endometriosis, uterine prolapse, or retroversion of the uterus (uterus is tilted backward instead of forward).


Question: How is interstitial cystitis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: A cystoscopy is a procedure to look inside the bladder and may distend (stretch) the bladder to examine the bladder wall. Cystoscopy often works to clear the condition. Other treatments include amitriptyline ( Elavil), nifedipine ( Procardia), pentosan polysulfate sodium ( Elmiron), or other prescription drugs. Other options include bladder washings with dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO) or other agents or transcutaneous electric stimulation ( TENS) and acupuncture.


Question: How is vulvovaginitis related to painful intercourse treated?

Answer: Treatment of pain during intercourse depends on the cause. Pain at initial penetration may be treated when the cause is identified. The doctor may talk to the woman about proper hygiene.


Question: What are the symptoms of normal-tension glaucoma?

Answer: You're more likely to get this type of glaucoma if you: Have a family history of the condition Are of Japanese descent Have ever had heart disease You might not notice any problem in the early stages. Glaucoma is sometimes called a "silent thief of sight." Your optic nerve is like an electric cable. It's made up of more than a million tiny fibers, or "wires." As the nerve fibers die, you'll begin to get blind spots in your vision. But you may not notice them until most of your optic nerve fibers are dead. Without treatment, the first sign of normal-tension glaucoma is often the loss of your peripheral, or side, vision. You might start to miss things out of the corner of your eye. As the condition gets worse, your vision narrows. It's as if you're looking through a tunnel. If all the fibers in your optic nerve die, you become blind.


Question: How can surgery help with normal-tension glaucoma?

Answer: Surgery If medicines and laser treatments don't control your eye pressure, your doctor may talk to you about different surgery options. One procedure, called a trabeculectomy, creates a new opening in the white of your eye (or sclera) for fluid to drain. Or you might be able to get a tiny drainage tube implanted in your eye to reduce pressure.


Question: How can laser treatment help with normal-tension glaucoma?

Answer: Laser Treatment An eye surgeon will use a laser to unclog and open the drain holes in your eye. This way, fluid can flow out more easily and eye pressure will be reduced. You can get the laser treatment done in your ophthalmologist's office or an outpatient surgery center.


Question: How can eye drops help with normal-tension glaucoma?

Answer: Eye Drops These are usually the first step in glaucoma treatment. Some prescription drops cause your eye to make less fluid. That helps lower pressure. Other drops help the fluid drain from your eye better.


Question: What are feeding questions you may have at your baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: Should my baby be nursing less often now? When is it time to start solid food?


Question: What are feeding tips for a baby?

Answer: Continue to feed your baby when she wants to be fed, about 7 to 8 times a day. Your baby may be going longer between feedings and have fewer poopy diapers, and that's okay. Spitting up is common. Holding your baby upright in your arms, in a swing, or in a car seat for about 30 minutes after feeding may help. Make sure you continue to burp her after each feeding. Don't give your baby infant cereal, juice, or other solids yet. Her digestive system is not ready. And NO water. Breast milk or formula is all your baby needs right now!


Question: What are the combination immunizations your baby will get at the 2-month checkup?

Answer: These may include: DTa P (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) Hib (haemophilus influenzae type b) IPV (polio vaccine) PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) HBV (hepatitis B) RV (rotavirus) Remember, these vaccines are safe, and your baby really needs them to protect her from many life-threatening illnesses, such as pertussis or whooping cough.


Question: What are questions your baby's doctor may ask at the baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: Is your baby getting tummy time? Can your baby hold her head up sometimes? Has your baby smiled yet? Is your baby alert to sounds? Is your baby stretching and moving her arms and legs well?


Question: What are sleeping questions you may have at the baby's 2-month checkup?

Answer: I'm so tired -- when will my baby sleep through the night? How can I help my baby learn to go to sleep on her own?


Question: What are sleeping tips for a baby?

Answer: Holding your baby upright in your arms, in a swing, or in a car seat for about 30 minutes after feeding may help. To encourage night sleep, change or feed your baby at night with low lights on and don't play with your baby right before bed. This way, your baby knows it's time to sleep, not play. To help your baby go to sleep on her own, put your baby down when she's drowsy, not overly tired. This is also a great time to start talking to your baby. She'll be fascinated by your voice and will likely respond with coos and smiles! And enjoy every moment -- your baby will change quickly!


Question: What will my doctors plan my lung cancer treatment on?

Answer: It will depend in part on: What type of the disease you have Its stage Whether the cancer has spread in your body The side effects the treatment may cause Your age and general health Your preferences and goals Ask your doctor to explain the recommended treatment plan, including its benefits, side effects, and how it might make you feel during and after it.


Question: What is my treatment option if I have a non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery?

Answer: If you have non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery, this treatment may be an option. Your doctor guides a thin needle through your skin until it touches the tumor inside your lung. Then an electric current passes through it to heat and kill the cancer cells.


Question: What questions should I ask my doctor about my lung cancer treatment?

Answer: It will depend in part on: What type of the disease you have Its stage Whether the cancer has spread in your body The side effects the treatment may cause Your age and general health Your preferences and goals Ask your doctor to explain the recommended treatment plan, including its benefits, side effects, and how it might make you feel during and after it.


Question: Are other treatments being researched to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Scientists are studying new combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation.


Question: What are targeted treatments that are used for lung cancer?

Answer: Drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells or tumors are called targeted treatments. Some of them seem to help control lung cancer that has spread. They include: Afatinib ( Gilotrif) Alectinib ( Alecensa) Bevacizumab ( Avastin) Brigatinib ( Alunbrig) Ceritinib ( Zykadia) Crizotinib ( Xalkori) Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) Dacomitinib ( Vizimpro) Erlotinib ( Tarceva) Gefitinib ( Iressa) Lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) Necitumumab ( Portrazza) Osimertinib ( Tagrisso) Ramucirumab ( Cyramza) Trametinib ( Mekanist) Other drugs, such as atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda), use the body's own defenses to attack cancer cells.


Question: Is surgery an option to treat my lung cancer?

Answer: It's usually the best way to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. Your doctor can remove the part of the lung that has the tumor and the tissue around it. Or you may need to have your entire lung removed. You might also need radiation or chemotherapy after surgery. If you have non-small cell lung cancer and can't have surgery, this treatment may be an option.


Question: Do some patients go into remission from rheumatoid arthritis after using combination therapy?

Answer: Some people go into remission, which means they don't have any joint pain, swelling, or other RA symptoms. The goal of treatment is to relieve your symptoms as much as possible without side effects from your medicine.


Question: Can I take more than one medication to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Taking more than one medication can't reverse joint damage that you already have, and it isn't a cure. But it can prevent further damage and help you avoid other health problems that can come with rheumatoid arthritis, like heart attack and stroke.


Question: What should I expect during combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Combination therapy can mean less joint pain, morning stiffness, and inflammation. It can also help slow or stop your RA from getting worse. You might be able to have a more active life.


Question: What is combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: It could also slow or stop joint damage caused by RA. When you first find out you have the condition, you probably start taking one drug, usually methotrexate. If that doesn't give you enough relief, your doctor would add another drug. If your RA is more severe, your doctor may prescribe more than one medication right away. They can help you move better.


Question: How long will it take for my child to be able to feed himself?

Answer: Most babies do not become really skilled at it until they are well past their first birthday. Encourage your child to practice safely, and again, be prepared for a little mess.


Question: Do I have to use the buckle on my baby's high chair?

Answer: That's a serious milestone, but you'll need to follow these safety rules: Always buckle a baby into his chair for safety, even if he is unable to get out with the tray in place. As he gets older and becomes more active, he may be able to squirm out. It is a good habit to buckle a child as soon as you place him in his chair -- even if you think there's no chance he could fall out or climb out. You may get distracted for a moment, which happens really easily when we are trying to do a million things at once!


Question: Does my baby need to drink water?

Answer: Babies don't need water during their first 6 months of life. They get all the water they need from breast milk or baby formula. Babies under age 6 months should not be given any water at all, because it's easy to fill up their tiny stomachs -- and they should be filling up on the nutrients they receive from the milk to grow. Once they start eating mostly solid foods, around age 9 months, they can start water with meals using a sippy cup.