Question: What are the symptoms of social phobia?

Answer: The symptoms of social phobia are much the same as symptoms for other anxiety disorders. They include: Difficulty talking Dry mouth Intense sweating Nausea Racing heart Trembling or shaking Like with other anxiety illnesses, symptoms can be tolerable or so severe that they become socially debilitating.


Question: What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Answer: People with generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD) are filled with greatly exaggerated worry and tension -- even though there is usually nothing beyond ordinary concerns to worry about. These individuals anticipate disaster and ruminate about their health, their finances, their work, their relationships and family problems.


Question: What are the symptoms of panic disorder?

Answer: Panic disorder involves the sudden onset of overwhelming fear and terror. The person may also experience: Chest pain Choking Difficulty breathing Dizziness Gastrointestinal distress Headache Shortness of breath Sweaty palms Tachycardia (an unusually rapid heart beat) Trembling The person feels like he or she is either going to faint, have a heart attack and die, or go crazy.


Question: How is substance use disorder treated if you also have depression?

Answer: Taking more of the substance to ease withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, shaking, insomnia, agitation, hallucination, and sweating following a reduction in the amount of a substance taken There are varied approaches to treating people with substance abuse plus depression. Some will need detoxification in a hospital or a clinic. Rehabilitation may include one-on-one counseling, group counseling, and support groups. Antidepressant medicines -- in combination with education to help people address and conquer the emotions that cause them to abuse drugs or alcohol -- can also be effective.


Question: What is anxiety?

Answer: But true depression differs from an anxiety disorder in that a depressed mood is typically its most obvious symptom, whereas anxiety is the primary sign of an authentic anxiety disorder. This response can include rapid heartbeat, nausea, or profuse sweating.


Question: What are phobias?

Answer: Anxiety disorders include: Generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD) Panic disorder Specific phobias Social anxiety disorder Previously, two other conditions -- obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) -- had been classified by the American Psychiatric Association as being subtypes of anxiety disorders. They involve an unreasonable or irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger. The fear can be of a situation, object, or event. If people with phobias can't avoid what they fear, then it immediately results in a marked anxiety response.


Question: What is the National Comprehensive Cancer Network  (NCCN)?

Answer: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( NCCN) is a nonprofit alliance of 27 cancer centers throughout the U. S. Experts from NCCN cancer centers diagnose and treat all cancers, with a particular focus on complex, aggressive, or uncommon cancers.


Question: Where do you get yeast infections?

Answer: Did you know that yeast infections can happen anywhere in the body, including your mouth and skin? They can also get into your blood.


Question: What medications can cause yeast infections?

Answer: If you use broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline or amoxicillin to fight off another infection, these antibiotics can also kill off the healthy bacteria that keep the yeast in check. Corticosteroids.


Question: How can clothing cause yeast infections?

Answer: Wearing underwear (or tight jeans or a wet swimsuit) that doesn't breathe can increase body heat and moisture in the vagina. This creates conditions yeast likes to grow in. Choose underwear with a cotton crotch, and change out of swimsuits and workout clothes as soon as possible.


Question: How can douches and vaginal spray cause yeast infections?

Answer: Some products can change the acidity level in your vagina. That encourages the growth of yeast and can remove the helpful bacteria that keep yeast at bay.


Question: How does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect someone's sex life?

Answer: RA can sometimes make it tough to have a good sex life. On top of that, menopause can increase vaginal dryness, making sex painful. Many women with RA also have SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, an immune system condition that attacks moisture-producing glands in the body. It can cause vaginal dryness and make sex painful. Talk to your doctor about lubricants that may help.


Question: Does exercise help you feel better if you have rheumatoid arthritis during menopause?

Answer: Exercise is a simple thing that helps most women with RA feel better, including women who are going through or have been through menopause. It gives you more energy and joint flexibility, eases depression, and fights heart disease. It curbs the weight gain and insomnia that often come with menopause. Weight-bearing exercise helps protect against osteoporosis. Your doctor or a physical therapist can work with you to create a fun, safe exercise program.


Question: Why do hormones play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Some with rheumatoid arthritis find that menopause can affect their RA. Researchers aren't sure why, but hormones seem to play a role in RA. Nearly three times as many women get the disease as men. Many women who have it see their symptoms improve while they're pregnant. This may be because their estrogen levels go up during pregnancy.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis affect intimacy or sex life?

Answer: RA can sometimes make it tough to have a good sex life. On top of that, menopause can increase vaginal dryness, making sex painful. Many women with RA also have SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, an immune system condition that attacks moisture-producing glands in the body. It can cause vaginal dryness and make sex painful. Talk to your doctor about lubricants that may help.


Question: How can someone enjoy their sex life with rheumatoid arthritis and menopause?

Answer: If you're concerned about joint pain during sex, these ideas can help: Some positions -- like lying side by side with your partner -- can take the stress off your hips or other affected joints. You can also plan intimacy for the times of day when you usually feel less pain. Menopause and pain can affect your desire. Your partner may also be afraid that they'll cause you pain. It can help if both of you talk together with a doctor or counselor.


Question: When do rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms worsen?

Answer: Estrogen levels drop around the time of menopause. When that happens, RA symptoms may worsen. Some women first get symptoms around the time they start menopause. You might think that taking estrogen would reduce RA symptoms along with the symptoms of menopause, but that doesn't seem to be the case. And because hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) is linked with heart disease -- another increased risk for women with rheumatoid arthritis - doctors rarely recommend it for treating menopause symptoms in women with RA.


Question: Can menopause make the fatigue that comes from rheumatoid arthritis worse?

Answer: Menopause can make the fatigue that comes with RA worse. If you don't get enough sleep at night or you think your RA treatment isn't working as well as it should be, tell your doctor.


Question: How does menopause make someone feel fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Menopause can make the fatigue that comes with RA worse. If you don't get enough sleep at night or you think your RA treatment isn't working as well as it should be, tell your doctor. Also talk to your doctor if you feel depressed. Many people with RA have depression as well, and although it's not a normal part of menopause, it's something to watch out for. Psychotherapy, exercise, and antidepressants can treat depression.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis make osteoporosis more likely?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis makes osteoporosis more likely. So does menopause. Those are good reasons for women with RA to get their bone density levels checked and make sure they get enough calcium and vitamin D. Your rheumatologist can calculate your odds of getting a bone fracture over the next 10 years by giving you a DEXA scan to measure your bone density. They'll find the best treatment or prevention plan for you. Your doctor may recommend that you take prescription drugs to keep up your bone density and strength.


Question: Does rheumatoid arthritis affect menopause?

Answer: Some with rheumatoid arthritis find that menopause can affect their RA.


Question: What is the difference between dementia and Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dementia is the name for a group of brain disorders that make it hard to remember, think clearly, make decisions, or even control your emotions. Alzheimer's disease is one of those disorders, but there are many different types and causes of dementia. Dementia isn't just about simple memory mishaps -- like forgetting someone's name or where you parked. A person with dementia has a hard time with at least two of the following: Memory Communication and speech Focus and concentration Reasoning and judgment Visual perception (can't see the difference in colors or detect movement, or sees things that aren't there) Since some types of dementia share similar symptoms, it can be hard for a doctor to figure out which one you or your loved one has. Be sure to tell him about all symptoms, medication and alcohol use, and previous illnesses to help him make the right diagnosis.


Question: When should you call your doctor about constipation?

Answer: Call your doctor right away if you have sudden constipation with belly pain or cramping and you aren't able to poop or pass gas at all. Also, make the call if: Constipation is a new problem for you, and lifestyle changes haven't helped.


Question: How long does constipation last?

Answer: Being constipated means your bowel movements are tough or happen less often than normal. Some people have them three times a day. Others have them just a few times a week. Going longer than 3 or more days without one, though, is usually too long. After 3 days, your poop gets harder and more difficult to pass.


Question: What should I do if I am constipated?

Answer: You may have: Few bowel movements Trouble having a bowel movement (straining to go) Hard or small stools A sense that everything didn't come out Belly bloating You also may feel like you need help to empty your bowels, such as pressing on your belly or using a finger to remove stool from your bottom. Some causes of constipation include: Changes to what you eat or your activities Not enough water or fiber in your diet Eating a lot of dairy products Not being active Resisting the urge to poop Stress Overuse of laxatives Some medications (especially strong pain drugs such as narcotics, antidepressants, and iron pills) Antacid medicines that have calcium or aluminum Eating disorders Irritable bowel syndrome Pregnancy Problems with the nerves and muscles in your digestive system Colon cancer Neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis Underactive thyroid (called hypothyroidism) Take these steps: Drink two to four extra glasses of water a day, unless your doctor told you to limit fluids for another reason. Try warm liquids, especially in the morning. Add fruits and vegetables to your diet. Eat prunes and bran cereal. Your constipation has lasted more than 2 weeks.


Question: What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?

Answer: This mostly affects elderly people. As glucose builds up in your blood, your body tries to get rid of it through your urine. At first, you pee a lot. Over time, you pee less, but when you do, it's very dark. This condition can lead to dehydration, coma, and death.


Question: What does having high blood sugar feel like?

Answer: The symptoms can include: Feeling thirstier than usual Blurred vision Having to pee more often Feeling hungrier than normal Numb or tingling feet You might also feel more tired than usual, get infections on your skin, or notice that cuts and sores take a long time to heal. Tell your doctor if you have any of these symptoms.


Question: How do I know if I have high blood sugar?

Answer: The symptoms can include: Feeling thirstier than usual Blurred vision Having to pee more often Feeling hungrier than normal Numb or tingling feet You might also feel more tired than usual, get infections on your skin, or notice that cuts and sores take a long time to heal. Tell your doctor if you have any of these symptoms.


Question: What are the symptoms of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?

Answer: As glucose builds up in your blood, your body tries to get rid of it through your urine. At first, you pee a lot. Over time, you pee less, but when you do, it's very dark. This condition can lead to dehydration, coma, and death.


Question: What are complications of high blood sugar?

Answer: High glucose levels can affect you from head to toe. If they're out of control for a long time, you could have some or all of the following: Heart disease or heart attack Stroke Kidney damage Nerve damage Eye damage Skin problems Pick up the phone if your blood sugar is high and you have any of these symptoms: Trouble breathing Vomiting High levels of ketones in your urine Extreme thirst or a very dry mouth Having to pee too often Dry or flushed skin Breath that smells like fruit Confusion These are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA).


Question: How can I prevent hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you have any of these warning signs: Blood sugar level over 600 mg/d L Extreme thirst that may later go away Warm, dry skin that doesn't sweat Fever over 101 F Sleepiness or confusion Weakness on one side of your body Vision loss Hallucinations You can avoid many of these problems by keeping your blood sugar under control. Follow your doctor's advice about diet and exercise, take your medicine, keep up with your doctor visits, and check your levels often.


Question: How can I get diabetic ketoacidosis if I have high blood sugar?

Answer: When these build up, your blood becomes more acid-like. This can be life-threatening if it's not treated. This mostly affects elderly people. As glucose builds up in your blood, your body tries to get rid of it through your urine.


Question: When should I call my doctor if my blood sugar is high?

Answer: If they're out of control for a long time, you could have some or all of the following: Heart disease or heart attack Stroke Kidney damage Nerve damage Eye damage Skin problems Pick up the phone if your blood sugar is high and you have any of these symptoms: Trouble breathing Vomiting High levels of ketones in your urine Extreme thirst or a very dry mouth Having to pee too often Dry or flushed skin Breath that smells like fruit Confusion These are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA).


Question: What are the warning signs of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you have any of these warning signs: Blood sugar level over 600 mg/d L Extreme thirst that may later go away Warm, dry skin that doesn't sweat Fever over 101 F Sleepiness or confusion Weakness on one side of your body Vision loss Hallucinations You can avoid many of these problems by keeping your blood sugar under control.


Question: When should I get help if I have high blood sugar?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you have any of these warning signs: Blood sugar level over 600 mg/d L Extreme thirst that may later go away Warm, dry skin that doesn't sweat Fever over 101 F Sleepiness or confusion Weakness on one side of your body Vision loss Hallucinations You can avoid many of these problems by keeping your blood sugar under control.


Question: What can happen if my blood sugar stays high for too long?

Answer: If you have diabetes, you'll need to check your blood sugar, also called glucose, to know if it's too high, too low, or meets your goal. If they're out of control for a long time, you could have some or all of the following: Heart disease or heart attack Stroke Kidney damage Nerve damage Eye damage Skin problems Pick up the phone if your blood sugar is high and you have any of these symptoms: Trouble breathing Vomiting High levels of ketones in your urine Extreme thirst or a very dry mouth Having to pee too often Dry or flushed skin Breath that smells like fruit Confusion These are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA).


Question: Do problems associated with high blood sugar happen suddenly?

Answer: If your blood sugar is too high for too long, it can cause serious health problems. As glucose builds up in your blood, your body tries to get rid of it through your urine.


Question: What if my diabetes screening test is positive?

Answer: If you have diabetes, you'll need to check your blood sugar, also called glucose, to know if it's too high, too low, or meets your goal. Follow your doctor's advice about diet and exercise, take your medicine, keep up with your doctor visits, and check your levels often.


Question: When should I call my doctor about having high blood sugar?

Answer: If they're out of control for a long time, you could have some or all of the following: Heart disease or heart attack Stroke Kidney damage Nerve damage Eye damage Skin problems Pick up the phone if your blood sugar is high and you have any of these symptoms: Trouble breathing Vomiting High levels of ketones in your urine Extreme thirst or a very dry mouth Having to pee too often Dry or flushed skin Breath that smells like fruit Confusion These are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). This can be life-threatening if it's not treated.


Question: Why is it bad to have high blood sugar?

Answer: How high is too high? Your doctor will tell you what your target range should be and what to do if your levels aren't in that range. If you have diabetes, you'll need to check your blood sugar, also called glucose, to know if it's too high, too low, or meets your goal. This can be life-threatening if it's not treated.


Question: What type of foods can I get lutein and zeaxanthin from to help with my dry eyes?

Answer: You can get them by eating eggs, corn, and leafy greens like: Kale Broccoli Spinach Collards A supplement may help here, too.


Question: How can zinc help with my dry eyes?

Answer: You can get it by eating: Wheat cereal (wheat germ) Almonds Sunflower seeds Peanut butter Hazelnuts Sweet potato This is an important mineral that helps get vitamin A from your liver to your retina to make something called melanin. That's a pigment that protects your eyes. When you don't get enough zinc, your eyes are at a higher risk of infection. Your body doesn't make zinc naturally, so getting it through food is important.


Question: Is there a lutein and zeaxanthin supplement that I can take to help with my dry eyes?

Answer: You can get them by eating eggs, corn, and leafy greens like: Kale Broccoli Spinach Collards A supplement may help here, too. Still, talk to your doctor before you take one.


Question: I am a man and have dry eyes. How much vitamin C should I take a day?

Answer: Men need a little more -- around 90 milligrams a day.


Question: What is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids to help with my dry eyes?

Answer: Go for one of these oily varieties at least twice a week: Tuna (fresh, not canned) Mackerel Salmon Sardines Herring Anchovies You can also get omega-3 fatty acids from: Nuts and seeds (like flaxseed) Vegetable oil Soybeans Green, leafy vegetables You may also need to take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement.


Question: How can vitamin E help with my dry eyes?

Answer: The antioxidant power of this nutrient protects the cells in your eyes from damage. It also boosts your body's immune system.


Question: What vitamin can help with the irritation of my dry eyes?

Answer: Specifically, omega-3s help soothe inflammation in your eyelids or on the surface of your eye. They may also help your tears do their job better.


Question: Is there a omega-3 fatty acid supplement that I can take to help with my dry eyes?

Answer: Go for one of these oily varieties at least twice a week: Tuna (fresh, not canned) Mackerel Salmon Sardines Herring Anchovies You can also get omega-3 fatty acids from: Nuts and seeds (like flaxseed) Vegetable oil Soybeans Green, leafy vegetables You may also need to take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement. Talk to your doctor about it before you try one.


Question: What foods can I get a zinc boost from to help with my dry eyes?

Answer: You can get a zinc boost from foods like: Oysters Beef Lobster Pork Yogurt Salmon Milk Fortified cereals Eggs


Question: What are two antioxidants that can help maintain healthy eyes?

Answer: These two antioxidants cut your odds of having many chronic eye diseases. Among other things, they help keep the cells in your eye healthy and working well.


Question: I am a woman and have dry eyes. How much vitamin C should I take a day?

Answer: Best sources of vitamin C include: Orange juice Grapefruit juice Oranges Cooked spinach Tomatoes Bananas Apples Women should aim for a minimum of 75 milligrams a day, which is about a cup of orange juice.


Question: How are skin and arthritis conditions associated with hepatitis C?

Answer: Skin and Arthritis Conditions and Hepatitis C Two skin conditions, lichen planus and porphyria cutanea tarda, have been associated with chronic hepatitis C virus. Porphyria cutanea tarda may resolve with successful interferon therapy for the hepatitis C virus. There have been cases, however, where lichen planus actually worsened during interferon treatment. In addition, many hepatitis C virus patients have autoimmune antibodies, such as anti-nuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and rheumatoid factor. But true rheumatoid arthritis is uncommon in people with hepatitis C virus.


Question: How is cryoglobulinemia relative to hepatitis C diagnosed?

Answer: In this test, the cryoglobulins are identified when the blood sample is exposed to the cold (cryo means cold). In addition, a finding of typical inflammation of small blood vessels in certain tissue biopsies (for example, the skin or kidney) supports the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia. Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia often resolve with successful treatment of the hepatitis C virus infection. B-cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hepatitis C B-cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer of the lymph tissue, has also been associated with chronic hepatitis C virus. The cause is thought to be the excessive stimulation by the hepatitis C virus of B-lymphocytes, which results in the abnormal reproduction of the lymphocytes.


Question: How is B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hepatitis C?

Answer: B-cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hepatitis C B-cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer of the lymph tissue, has also been associated with chronic hepatitis C virus. The cause is thought to be the excessive stimulation by the hepatitis C virus of B-lymphocytes, which results in the abnormal reproduction of the lymphocytes. Interestingly, treatment with interferon therapy and some newer direct-acting antiviral treatments have caused some cases of hepatitis C virus-associated low-grade (not very active) non- Hodgkin's lymphoma to go into remission. However, most individuals with hepatitis C virus-associated high-grade non- Hodgkin's lymphoma will require the usual anti-cancer therapies.


Question: What are common autonomic symptoms of temporal lobe seizure?

Answer: Motor or movement disturbances (called automatisms) may include the following: Rhythmic muscle contractions on one side of the body or face Abnormal mouth behaviors (lip smacking, chewing for no reason, slobbering) Abnormal head movements (forced turning of the head or eyes) Repetitive movements (such as picking at clothing) Other sensory symptoms may include the following sensations that start in one area and spread: Numbness Tingling A feeling that the flesh is crawling Autonomic symptoms may include the following: Abdominal pain or nausea Sweating, flushing, dilated pupils, or rapid heartbeat Depending on whether the person remains conscious, he or she may not remember having had a seizure at all.


Question: What are the motor or movement disorders caused by temporal lobe seizure?

Answer: Motor or movement disturbances (called automatisms) may include the following: Rhythmic muscle contractions on one side of the body or face Abnormal mouth behaviors (lip smacking, chewing for no reason, slobbering) Abnormal head movements (forced turning of the head or eyes) Repetitive movements (such as picking at clothing) Other sensory symptoms may include the following sensations that start in one area and spread: Numbness Tingling A feeling that the flesh is crawling Autonomic symptoms may include the following: Abdominal pain or nausea Sweating, flushing, dilated pupils, or rapid heartbeat Depending on whether the person remains conscious, he or she may not remember having had a seizure at all.


Question: How do foods fight cancer?

Answer: People who eat more fruits and veggies tend to get less cancer. That may be because those foods are high in antioxidants -- chemicals that fight the cell damage that leads to cancer. You can find antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, and other plant-based foods, as well as in supplements. But research suggests that getting them from food works better than getting them from pills. Some supplements may raise your risk of getting cancer.


Question: What can you eat to prevent ovarian cancer?

Answer: Ovarian cancer: Soybeans or foods made with soy (like tofu) could lower your odds of getting ovarian cancer. Tea, especially green tea, may also keep it at bay. But not all research supports these findings.


Question: What can you eat to prevent pancreatic cancer?

Answer: Pancreatic cancer: Belly fat is linked to a higher risk of this type, especially for women. A diet high in red and processed meat could also play a role. Limit these foods, and slim down if you're overweight.


Question: What can you eat to prevent colorectal cancer?

Answer: Colorectal cancer: If you have a spare tire, you're more likely to get this cancer. Do you eat lots of red or processed meat? That can also play a role. So can chemicals called nitrates, which are often added to lunch meat, ham, hot dogs, and bacon. You should also cut back on meats that are fried, broiled, or grilled over an open flame. When animal products cook at high temperatures, they form chemicals that cause cancer. Make sure any meat you eat doesn't burn, and skip the blackened or charred parts. To lower your risk, eat foods with fiber, especially whole grains. Calcium and vitamin D may also protect you.


Question: What can you eat to prevent uterine cancer?

Answer: Uterine cancer: Extra belly fat can make you more likely to get this type. It could be that overweight women make more estrogen, which often fuels cancer growth. Stick to a diet and exercise plan that helps you lose extra belly fat and keep it away.


Question: What can you eat to prevent lung cancer?

Answer: Lung cancer: Smoking is the biggest risk factor here. But many studies show that people who eat at least five servings of fruit and vegetables a day are less likely to get it than those who don't.


Question: What can you eat to prevent prostate cancer?

Answer: Prostate cancer: If you're a man, chowing down on tomatoes, soy, beans, and other legumes could lower your prostate cancer risk. Add cruciferous veggies -- broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage -- to the mix, too. Several studies have linked high levels of calcium, or large amounts of dairy foods, to higher odds of prostate cancer. Don't take calcium unless your doctor recommends it.


Question: What can you eat to prevent breast cancer?

Answer: Here's the list: Breast cancer: People who eat lots of veggies, fruit, poultry, fish, and low-fat dairy products have lower rates of this type of cancer.


Question: What can you eat to prevent digestive cancer?

Answer: Digestive cancers: Obesity often brings on acid reflux, which boosts your chances of cancer in the esophagus and stomach. A healthy weight can keep your risk low. Avoid beverages and foods that are hot enough to burn you. They can damage cells in your mouth, throat, and esophagus and may raise your chances of getting one of these cancers. Salty food has been linked to higher odds of stomach cancer. Processed meat could also make it more likely.


Question: What is the basic health rules that can help fight cancer?

Answer: Obesity is linked to several types of cancer, so it's smart to follow an eating plan that helps you keep your weight as low as you can without being underweight. Cancer experts say it's key to avoid high-calorie processed foods and sugary beverages like soda, sweet tea, and juice-flavored drinks. They have lots of calories but won't help you feel full. Alcohol is also tied to several types of cancer. All types -- beer, wine, and spirits -- seem to raise your chances. Drink in moderate amounts. That means no more than one drink a day for women, and no more than two for men.


Question: Can food help prevent cancer?

Answer: When you put the right kinds of foods -- and the right portions -- into your body, you fuel your cells with the nutrients they need to stay healthy. You'll also avoid unhealthy ingredients that could make you sick. Obesity is linked to several types of cancer, so it's smart to follow an eating plan that helps you keep your weight as low as you can without being underweight.


Question: How are lentigines treated?

Answer: There are several methods for treating lentigines: Cryosurgery (freezing it off) Laser surgery Skin creams such as retinoids and bleaching agents The best way to prevent lentigines is to stay out of the sun as much as possible, especially between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher when outdoors, and wear protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat.


Question: How are moles treated?

Answer: If a dermatologist believes a mole needs to be evaluated further, he or she will do a biopsy by shaving or cutting out the entire spot so that it can be evaluated under the microscope. This is a simple procedure. ( If the dermatologist thinks the mole might be cancerous, cutting through the mole will not cause the cancer to spread.) If the mole is found to be cancerous, the dermatologist will cut out the entire mole or scar from the biopsy site by cutting out the entire area and a rim of normal skin around it, and stitching the wound closed.


Question: What are the ABCDEs of examining moles?

Answer: The following ABCDEs are important characteristics to consider when examining moles. If a mole displays any of the signs listed below, have it checked immediately by a dermatologist. It could be cancerous. Asymmetry. One half of the mole does not match the other half. Border. The border or edges of the mole are ragged, blurred, or irregular. Color. The color of the mole is not the same throughout or has shades of tan, brown, black, blue, white, or red. Diameter. The diameter of a mole is larger than the eraser of a pencil. Evolution. The mole is changing in size, shape, or color.


Question: What causes a mole?

Answer: These cells are called melanocytes, and they make the pigment that gives skin its natural color. Moles may darken after exposure to the sun, during the teen years, and during pregnancy. Congenital nevi are moles that are present at birth. Congenital nevi occur in about one in 100 people.


Question: What is dysplastic nevi mole?

Answer: Dysplastic nevi are moles that are generally larger than average (larger than a pencil eraser) and irregular in shape. They tend to have uneven color with dark brown centers and lighter, uneven edges. These nevi are somewhat more likely to become melanoma. In fact, people who have 10 or more dysplastic nevi have a 12 times higher chance of developing melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. Any changes in a mole should be checked by a dermatologist to evaluate for skin cancer.


Question: What are lentigines?

Answer: A lentigo (plural: lentigines) is a spot on the skin that is darker (usually brown) than the surrounding skin. Lentigines are more common among whites, especially those with fair skin.


Question: What is a congenital nevi mole?

Answer: Congenital nevi are moles that are present at birth. Congenital nevi occur in about one in 100 people. These moles are slightly more likely to develop into melanoma (cancer) than are moles that appear after birth. A mole or freckle should be checked if it has a diameter of more than a pencil eraser or any characteristics of the ABCDEs of melanoma (see below).


Question: Can lentigines be prevented?

Answer: There are several methods for treating lentigines: Cryosurgery (freezing it off) Laser surgery Skin creams such as retinoids and bleaching agents The best way to prevent lentigines is to stay out of the sun as much as possible, especially between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher when outdoors, and wear protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat. Avoid using tanning beds.


Question: What are skin tags?

Answer: Skin tags are not dangerous. They are usually found on the neck, chest, back, armpits, under the breasts, or in the groin area. Skin tags appear most often in women, especially with weight gain, and in elderly people. Skin tags usually don't cause any pain. However, they can become irritated if anything, such as clothing, jewelry, or skin rubs against them. Your dermatologist can remove a skin tag by cutting it off with a scalpel or scissors, with cryosurgery (freezing it off), or with electrosurgery (burning it off with an electric current).


Question: What are common skin lesions?

Answer: Freckles are extremely common and are not a health threat. They are more often seen in the summer, especially among lighter-skinned people and people with light or red hair. Causes of freckles include genetics and exposure to the sun.


Question: What causes freckles?

Answer: Exposure to the sun seems to be the major cause of lentigines.


Question: How do you know if a mole is cancer?

Answer: The vast majority of moles are not dangerous. Moles that are more likely to be cancer are those that look different than other existing moles or those that first appear after age 25. If you notice changes in a mole's color, height, size, or shape, you should have a dermatologist (skin doctor) evaluate it. You also should have moles checked if they bleed, ooze, itch, or become tender or painful.


Question: How are seborrheic keratoses treated?

Answer: Seborrheic keratoses are harmless and are not contagious. Therefore, they don't need to be treated. If you decide to have seborrheic keratoses removed because you don't like the way they look, or because they are chronically irritated by clothing, methods for removing them include cutting them off, cryosurgery, and electrosurgery.


Question: When should you talk to a dermatologist about a mole?

Answer: Some moles may not change at all, while others may slowly disappear over time. If you see any signs of change in an existing mole, if you have a new mole, or if you want a mole to be removed for cosmetic reasons, talk to your dermatologist.


Question: When is it useless to do eye exercises?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: When should someone try eye exercises?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: When would a doctor prescribe eye exercises?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: When do you need to do eye exercises?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: When are eye exercises not helpful?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: What kind of eye exercises will I be asked to do?

Answer: What you do will be unique for you, based on your age and other eye problems. You might be asked to: Change focus from near to far and back again. Cover one eye and look at different objects. Concentrate on a solitary object. Follow a pattern to build vision muscles.


Question: How are eye exercises used to treat lazy eye?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more. The condition usually starts in childhood. First your child will get eyeglasses, if he needs them. Then the doctor will put a patch over his good eye, or use eye drops to blur vision in it, so he has to rely more on the lazy eye. Vision therapy exercises can also force the brain to see through the weaker eye, which helps restore vision.


Question: When should I try eye exercises?

Answer: A doctor may prescribe eye exercises if you have: Trouble focusing your eyes to read One eye that drifts outward or inward Had surgery and need to strengthen muscle control Strabismus, or crossed eyes Amblyopia, or ''lazy eye'' Double vision Binocular vision problems (poor 3 D vision) Doctors may recommend eye exercises for conditions involving how the eyes work together, such as convergence insufficiency, that may cause problems such as: Blurred vision Eyestrain Increased light sensitivity They won't help if you: Have dyslexia Blink a lot Squint Have eye spasms Have a paralyzed eye muscle The doctor may give your child exercises to do if he has lazy eye, a loss of vision in one eye because he uses the other more.


Question: Whatâs the purpose of clinical trials for lymphoma drugs and treatments?

Answer: Major pharmaceutical companies continually research and develop new cancer drugs and treatments, which must be shown to be safe and effective before they are FDA approved for use and doctors can prescribe them to patients. Through lymphoma clinical trials, researchers test the effects of new medications or treatment regimens on a group of volunteers with lymphoma. Following a strict protocol and using carefully controlled conditions, researchers evaluate the drugs under development and measure the ability of the new drug to treat lymphoma, its safety, and any possible side effects.


Question: What are symptoms of paragonimiasis affecting the brain?

Answer: Inup to 25% of people hospitalized with paragonimiasis, the worms infect the brain. Symptoms can include: Headache Fever Vomiting Double vision Seizures Diagnosing paragonimiasis can be difficult or delayed.


Question: What causes paragonimiasis?

Answer: That's a parasitic worm also called a fluke or lung fluke because it commonly infects the lungs. Usually, infection comes after eating undercooked crab or crayfish that carry immature flukes. Once swallowed by a person, the worms mature and grow inside the body. Over months, the worms spread through the intestines and belly (abdomen). They penetrate the diaphragm muscle to enter the lungs. Once inside the lungs, the worms lay eggs and can survive for years, causing chronic (long-term) paragonimiasis. Paragonimiasis is rare in the U. S. Most cases occur in Asia, West Africa, and South and Central America.


Question: How is paragonimiasis treated?

Answer: In most people, paragonimiasis can be cured with oral anti-parasite medications. Both praziquantel ( Biltricide) and triclabendazole ( Egaten) are approved for treatment. Praziquantel is taken three times daily for two days, while triclabendazole is taken twice a day, 12 hours apart. In the rare cases of paragonimiasis with brain involvement, other treatments may be necessary, such as anti-seizure medications or surgery to reduce brain swelling.


Question: What is paragonimiasis?

Answer: It is caused by eating undercooked crab or crayfish. Paragonimiasis can cause illness resembling pneumonia or stomach flu. The infection can last for years. Paragonimiasis is caused by infection with a flatworm.


Question: What are symptoms of long-term paragonimiasis?

Answer: Once inside the lungs, the worms lay eggs and can survive for years, causing chronic (long-term) paragonimiasis. Other chronic paragonimiasis symptoms may include: Belly pain Nausea Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Lumps or bumps on the skin of the belly or legs that come and go over time Some people with chronic paragonimiasis have no noticeable symptoms.


Question: How is trouble walking related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Trouble walking: MS can cause muscle weakness or spasms, which make it tough to walk. Balance problems, numb feet, and fatigue can also happen.


Question: How is concentration related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory. Some people have severe problems that make it hard to do daily tasks, but that's rare. MS doesn't usually change your intellect or ability to read and understand conversation. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: Do people with multiple sclerosis have breathing problems or seizures?

Answer: Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: How are speech problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Speech problems: MS could cause long pauses between your words and slurred or nasal speech. You might have swallowing problems as the disease advances.


Question: Is sexual trouble a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sexual troubles: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.


Question: Are thinking problems a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory. Some people have severe problems that make it hard to do daily tasks, but that's rare. MS doesn't usually change your intellect or ability to read and understand conversation. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: How are tremors related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Tremors: About half of people with MS have them. They can be minor shakes or so intense it's hard to do everyday activities.


Question: How is sexual trouble related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Sexual troubles: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.


Question: When do people get multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. Usually the symptoms get better, but then they come back. Some come and go, while others linger.


Question: What are early symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Clumsiness or lack of coordination: MS can make it hard to get around.


Question: What are bladder problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. Bowel issues like constipation are also common. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: How can you be affected by multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. So can medications, like corticosteroids, used to treat MS.


Question: When to people start to display multiple sclerosis symptoms?

Answer: Usually the symptoms get better, but then they come back. Some come and go, while others linger. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: Can I work with my doctor to help control my multiple sclerosis symptoms?

Answer: If you have another CIS or other MS symptoms later, your doctor will do a test called an MRI that takes a picture of your brain to look for them. So can medications, like corticosteroids, used to treat MS.


Question: How are vision problems related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs. Muscle spasms : They usually affect your leg muscles. It's a byproduct of the changes MS makes in your brain and in your life.


Question: What are unusual sensations related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them. They can be minor shakes or so intense it's hard to do everyday activities. Unusual sensations: In addition to the pins and needles sensation that's part of CIS, you might also have severe itching, burning, stabbing, or tearing pains.


Question: What causes primary symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It causes scars, or lesions, that make it harder for signals to travel between your brain and your body. These come from ongoing damage to your myelin. They aren't pleasant, but your MS treatment team can help you keep most of them under control with medication, rehabilitation, and other tactics. Not being able to empty your bladder can lead to a bladder infection.


Question: What bladder problems are symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: The most common symptoms are: Bladder and bowel problems: You may have to pee more often, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. Bowel issues like constipation are also common. Tremors: About half of people with MS have them.


Question: Are vision problems a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Answer: People with multiple sclerosis ( MS) tend to have their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. You might notice: Blurry vision Colors appear dull Pain in your eye, especially when you move it Numbness & Tingling: It usually affects your legs. Muscle spasms : They usually affect your leg muscles. It's a byproduct of the changes MS makes in your brain and in your life.


Question: How is fatigue related to multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It isn't usually related to the amount of work you do. Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep. This will probably mean slowed thinking, poor attention, or fuzzy memory.


Question: What are the symptoms of stomach cancer?

Answer: If there are symptoms, they are typically vague. These can include: Indigestion and stomach discomfort A bloated feeling after eating Mild nausea Loss of appetite Heartburn Peptic ulcers and acid reflux (also called GERD) cause similar symptoms. Antacids or histamine blockers may give temporary relief. Many other conditions can cause these symptoms as well. For these reasons, people may not recognize the problem as serious and may put off seeing a doctor. A gastric tumor can grow very large before it causes other symptoms. In more advanced stages, symptoms of stomach cancer can include: Discomfort or pain in the upper or middle part of the abdomen Blood in the stool, which appears as black, tarry stools Vomiting or vomiting blood, which may look like coffee grounds Trouble swallowing Weight loss Pain or bloating in the stomach after eating Feeling of fullness after eating a small amount Weakness or fatigue associated with anemia A buildup of fluid in the abdomen called ascites


Question: What conditions can cause similar symptoms to stomach cancer?

Answer: These can include: Indigestion and stomach discomfort A bloated feeling after eating Mild nausea Loss of appetite Heartburn Peptic ulcers and acid reflux (also called GERD) cause similar symptoms. Antacids or histamine blockers may give temporary relief. Many other conditions can cause these symptoms as well. For these reasons, people may not recognize the problem as serious and may put off seeing a doctor. A gastric tumor can grow very large before it causes other symptoms.


Question: What tests will you need when you get post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: If you are prescribed PEP, your doctor will take blood specimens at the time you start and may want to get other tests, such as for sexually-transmitted diseases besides HIV. Follow-up testing will be needed to see if you have become infected with HIV.


Question: How soon do you have to start post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: PEP uses more drugs than Pr EP and is used for only one month.. You have to start PEP within 72 hours of exposure. After that, the treatment won't work. If you think you may have been exposed to HIV, get medical attention as soon as possible.


Question: What are side effects of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: Prophylaxis is a treatment that helps you prevent an infection from bacteria, fungus, a virus, or a parasite either before you come in contact with the bug or after you've been exposed.. Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, means you take it after you may have come into contact with one of those bugs. The drugs also can cause headache, insomnia, and diarrhea. In rare cases, they can cause serious health issues, including liver problems.


Question: What is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV?

Answer: If you've been exposed to HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), PEP is a course of two or three drugs that will make you less likely to be infected. With the right treatment, there's about an 80% chance the virus will be stopped. But you have to take the full course of drugs, and not everyone follows through. The medications used in this way keep HIV from establishing itself in your body You'll take them once or twice a day for 28 days: For adults, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) recommends a drug called tenofovir, combined with emtricitabine(these two drugs are combined in one pill), and a third drug, either raltegravir or dolutegravir.


Question: How can you tell if vulvodynia is causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Leaking urine Feeling like something is falling out of your vagina Difficulty with bowel movements Lower back pain Pain during sex Pelvic organs bulge into the vagina, or even stick out the vaginal opening, in severe cases Vulvodynia is pain that affects the vulva for no apparent reason. The pain of vulvodynia may be constant or it may come and go. Symptoms you may have: Burning or stinging sensations in the vulva Pain when something presses on the vulva, like during sex or when you straddle a seat Pain in your inner thighs For some women, the root of pelvic pain is psychological.


Question: How can you tell if irritable bowel syndrome is causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Pain starts 7-10 days before your period Pelvic pain is worse when you sit or stand Lying down relieves pelvic pain Lower back pain Aches in your legs Pain during sex Chronic pelvic pain sometimes isn't only due to problems with reproductive organs or the urinary tract; other organs in the pelvic area, if "diseased," can present as pelvic pain. Irritable bowel syndrome, an intestinal condition that often causes pain, may be the cause. Symptoms you may have: Diarrhea Constipation Incontinence Flatulence Bloating Pain relieved by a bowel movement Fibroids are noncancerous tumors that grow in, and on, the wall of the uterus.


Question: How can you tell if levator syndrome is causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Heavy periods Feeling pressure or fullness in your abdomen Need to urinate frequently Pain or cramps during your period Constipation Hemorrhoids Sometimes, spasms of a pelvic muscle called the "levator ani" cause pelvic pain. Symptoms you may have: Pain is related to sitting Pain doesn't seem to be related to bowel movements You wake up at night in pain Pain usually lasts less than 20 minutes at a time Sometimes women have pelvic pain when the muscles and ligaments that hold organs in place weaken.


Question: How can you tell if adenomyosis is causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Pelvic pain or cramps before or during your period Pain during or after sex Pain when you ovulate Painful bowel movements Rectal bleeding during your period Pain when you urinate Lower back pain Infertility Spotting between periods Bloating in your abdomen This condition is similar to endometriosis. Cells that normally line your uterus (the endometrium) invade the muscle tissue of the uterus wall (the myometrium). Many women with adenomyosis don't have any symptoms. Symptoms you may have: Pain during your period Feeling of pressure on your bladder or rectum Heavy periods Periods that last longer than usual Spotting between periods Women with interstitial cystitis have an inflamed bladder.


Question: How can you tell pelvic congestion syndrome is causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Vaginal discharge having an unusual color, texture, or odor Abdominal or pelvic pain in a specific area or more widespread Pain during sex Irregular or missed periods Menstrual cramps that are worse than usual Frequent need to urinate Pain when you urinate Pain when you ovulate It hurts when you press on certain areas of your pelvis Lower back pain Fatigue Fever Nausea Pelvic congestion is just like the varicose veins that some women have in their legs, but it affects the veins of the pelvis. Blood backs up in the veins, making them become enlarged and engorged. Pelvic congestion causes chronic pelvic pain in some women. Symptoms you may have: Pain starts 7-10 days before your period Pelvic pain is worse when you sit or stand Lying down relieves pelvic pain Lower back pain Aches in your legs Pain during sex Chronic pelvic pain sometimes isn't only due to problems with reproductive organs or the urinary tract; other organs in the pelvic area, if "diseased," can present as pelvic pain.


Question: How can you tell if pelvic support problems are causing chronic pelvic pain?

Answer: Symptoms you may have: Pain is related to sitting Pain doesn't seem to be related to bowel movements You wake up at night in pain Pain usually lasts less than 20 minutes at a time Sometimes women have pelvic pain when the muscles and ligaments that hold organs in place weaken. This causes organs like the uterus, the bladder, or the rectum to move from their normal places and herniate into the vagina. The vagina may also change shape. Pregnancy and giving birth may cause these kinds of problems. Symptoms you may have: Leaking urine Feeling like something is falling out of your vagina Difficulty with bowel movements Lower back pain Pain during sex Pelvic organs bulge into the vagina, or even stick out the vaginal opening, in severe cases Vulvodynia is pain that affects the vulva for no apparent reason.


Question: What can I do to help myself care for someone with gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

Answer: Help for the Caregiver To make sure you don't burn out while caregiving: Take breaks. Set aside some time each day for you, Get out of the house regularly so as not to feel isolated and lonely. Say "no" when you need to, and ask for help. There are times when you can't do everything. Hire or enlist outside help if possible. The resources listed below can help point you in the right direction. Join a caregiver support group. Meeting with a group of people who are also caring for someone with a soft tissue sarcoma, or other disease, can make you feel less alone. At the support group, you can exchange ideas with other people, meet other caregivers, and learn tips to make caregiving tasks easier. Group support is an effective tool to help you cope more effectively. Take care of yourself. The person with GIST isn't the only one who needs a little TLC right now. You can't be an effective caregiver if you're not well. Ensure that your health and well-being are maintained.


Question: What are some resources to help in caring for someone with gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

Answer: American Cancer Society www.cancer.org Cancer Care www.cancercare.org Family Caregiver Alliance www.caregiver.org GIST Support International ( GSI) www.gistsupport.org Life Raft Group www.liferaftgroup.org National Cancer Institute www.cancer.gov National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( NCCN) www.nccn.com National Family Caregivers Association www.nfcacares.org


Question: What should I ask the doctor if I am caring for someone with gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

Answer: The Caregiver's Job When caring for someone with GIST -- or any other cancer -- several responsibilities may fall to you, including: Cooking and cleaning Running errands Helping the person get bathed, dressed, and take medicine Managing insurance issues and bills Driving to the doctor's office and other appointment When you take the person with GIST to the doctor, here are a few questions to ask so you'll know what's expected of you: Where can I learn more about GIST and its treatment? What are the next steps in treatment? What medicines does he or she need to take? How do I give those medicines? What side effects might the treatment cause? For which side effects should I call you? How can I help my family member/friend with GIST feel better during treatment? What can I do to help manage his or her pain? Are there any local support groups or resources I should know about?


Question: How much help does someone with gastrointestinal stromal tumors usually need?

Answer: During treatment for GIST, family and friends may have to help out with day-to-day responsibilities. GIST Resources Here are a few resources to help in caring for the individual with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.


Question: What problems can Fabry disease cause?

Answer: You may notice things like: Pain and burning in your hands and feet that get worse with exercise, fever, and hot weather or when you are tired Small, dark red spots usually found between your belly button and knees Cloudy vision Hearing loss Ringing in the ears Sweating less than normal Stomach pain, bowel movements right after eating Fabry disease can lead to more serious problems, especially in men. These can include: Higher chance of heart attack or stroke Serious kidney problems, including kidney failure High blood pressure Heart failure Enlarged heart Osteoporosis It can take a long time to get diagnosed with Fabry disease.


Question: What are symptoms of Fabry disease?

Answer: You may notice things like: Pain and burning in your hands and feet that get worse with exercise, fever, and hot weather or when you are tired Small, dark red spots usually found between your belly button and knees Cloudy vision Hearing loss Ringing in the ears Sweating less than normal Stomach pain, bowel movements right after eating Fabry disease can lead to more serious problems, especially in men.


Question: What is Fabry disease?

Answer: When you have Fabry disease, a certain type of fatty substance builds up in your body. It narrows your blood vessels, which can hurt your skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and nervous system. Your doctor may call Fabry disease a "storage disorder." It usually starts in childhood and is much more common in men than women. That's because the symptoms are common and can affect so many different parts of the body.


Question: What tests do you need when you have Fabry disease?

Answer: You can also expect to get regular tests to keep track of how you're doing. These may include: Blood, urine, and thyroid tests EKG (electrocardiogram). CT of your head.


Question: How is Fabry disease treated?

Answer: The most common has been enzyme replacement therapy ( ERT) which replaces the enzyme that is missing or not working correctly. This allows your body to break down fatty also substances the way it should. You will probably visit an outpatient center every few weeks to get the enzyme injected into a vein. Your doctor may recommend that you also take: Drugs to relieve pain (prescription or nonprescription) Medicine for stomach problems Blood thinners or other drugs for irregular heartbeat or other heart problems Blood pressure medicine, which also helps protect your kidneys You may need dialysis or a kidney transplant if Fabry disease has caused serious kidney damage.


Question: How is Fabry disease diagnosed?

Answer: That's because the symptoms are common and can affect so many different parts of the body. If your family history suggests you could be at risk for Fabry disease, you may want to ask your doctor about getting genetic testing. If your doctor thinks it might be Fabry disease, he will ask you to either take a blood test so he can measure the level of alpha-galactosidase A, or take a DNA test.


Question: What is a hip (acetabular) labral tear?

Answer: In others it causes pain in the groin. It can make you feel like your leg is "catching" or "clicking" in the socket as you move it. Over time, labral tears in the hip may cause permanent damage to the joint. The labrum is a band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the rim of the hip socket, or acetabulum.


Question: Who is most likely to get a labrum tear in their hip?

Answer: Labral tears of the hip are more common in women. They also occur more often in people who have abnormalities of the hip structure, like hip dysplasia and other conditions. In recent years, experts have found that acetabular labral tears are much more common than once thought. Studies show that up to 22% of athletes who complain of groin pain have a labral tear in the hip.


Question: Who is at the greatest risk for complications of the flu?

Answer: While anyone can get flu, infants, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with chronic ailments such as diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, and HIV are at highest risk for flu complications. Despite advances in flu prevention and treatment, the CDC estimates that deaths related to influenza range from 3,000 to 49,000 deaths in the United States each year.


Question: Which flu strains are linked to Reye's syndrome?

Answer: Widespread outbreaks of Reye's syndrome have occurred with influenza type B and also with chickenpox, but other viruses have been implicated. The risk of Reye's syndrome is increased when taking aspirin, so anyone under age 18 should not take aspirin if they have any viral symptoms or are recovering from the flu or any other virus.


Question: What is avian or bird flu?

Answer: Bird flu, or avian influenza, is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. Bird flu epidemics have occurred worldwide. Bird flu is a leading contender to be the next pandemic flu bug because it has caused an unprecedented epidemic in poultry and wild birds across Asia and Eastern Europe. Still, no one knows for sure whether this will cause the next human flu pandemic.


Question: How many different types of colds and flus are there and how are they treated?

Answer: More than 100 types of cold viruses are known, and new strains of flu evolve every few years. Since both diseases are viral, antibiotics cannot conquer cold or flu. Remember: Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.


Question: How is the flu prevented?

Answer: Specific strains of flu can be prevented by a flu vaccine, either a flu shot or nasal spray flu vaccine. In addition, antiviral medications are available to prevent flu. These drugs may help reduce the severity and the duration of flu and are best used within the first 48 hours of the appearance of flu symptoms.


Question: Where do influenza viruses originate and how do they mutate?

Answer: Most influenza viruses that infect humans seem to originate in parts of Asia, where close contact between livestock and people creates a hospitable environment for mutation and transmission of viruses. Swine, or pigs, can catch both avian (meaning from birds, such as poultry) and human forms of a virus and act as hosts for these different viral strains to meet and mutate into new forms. The swine then transmit the new form of the virus to people in the same way in which people infect each other -- by transmitting viruses through droplets in the air that people breathe in.


Question: Can antiviral or antibiotic medications treat the flu or a cold?

Answer: But there are no medications that specifically defeat the common cold. Antibiotics may be helpful only if there is a secondary bacterial infection. In addition, antiviral medications are available to prevent flu.


Question: What are the differences in symptoms of a cold and the flu?

Answer: Both cold and flu may bring coughing, headache, and chest discomfort. With the flu, though, you are likely to run a high fever for several days and have body aches, fatigue, and weakness. Symptoms of the flu also tend to come on abruptly. Usually, complications from colds are relatively minor, but a case of flu can lead to a life-threatening illness such as pneumonia. Viruses are the most common cause of stomach flu.


Question: What cold and flu medicines can help me with a headache or body aches?

Answer: Headache or body aches: Choose a pain reliever that contains acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. If you take one of these, look at any other medicines you're taking to make sure they don't contain the same drug. Many cold and flu treatments have the same ingredients.


Question: What cold and flu medicines can help me with sore throat?

Answer: Sore throat: Use throat lozenges or cough drops to soothe your sore throat. Or try a pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen.


Question: What cold and flu medicines can help me with cough?

Answer: Cough: There are two types of over-the-counter cough medicines: expectorants and cough suppressants. Expectorants, like guaifenesin, help thin mucus so you can cough it up more easily. Cough suppressants, such as dextromethorphan, help control cough. You can buy these medicines separately or combined. Ask your doctor or pharmacist which is best for your cough. Cough drops and throat lozenges can also reduce your urge to cough.


Question: What cold and flu medicines can help me with fever?

Answer: Fever: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can ease your fever, which may help you feel better.


Question: What cold and flu medicines can help me with stuffy nose?

Answer: Stuffy nose: Look for decongestant pills that contain phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. Decongestants help a stuffy nose by shrinking swollen nasal passages that cause congestion. You can also try decongestant nose drops or sprays, but you should not use these products for more than 3 days. Saline (saltwater) nose sprays or rinses can also help relieve congestion and break up mucus. These sprays are safe to use as often as you want.


Question: Can children take over-the-counter cold and flu medicines?

Answer: A whole aisle of over-the-counter cold and flu medicines awaits you at the store. For children ages 4-6, only give them if a doctor recommends it. Read the label so you can match the symptoms to the right medicine. Make sure you use the right medicine and the right dose for your child’s age and weight.


Question: Why do I need to take medicine after a heart attack?

Answer: Limit plaques by lowering cholesterol. Other drugs may be prescribed if needed. These include medications to treat irregular heartbeats, lower blood pressure, control chest pain, and treat heart failure.


Question: What are the symptoms of a heart attack, and how long will they last?

Answer: Symptoms of a heart attack include: Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest, arm or below the breastbone Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat or arm Fullness, indigestion or choking feeling (may feel like heartburn) Sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness Extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath Rapid or irregular heartbeats Fatigue During a heart attack, symptoms may last 30 minutes or longer and are not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Some people have a heart attack without having any symptoms (a "silent" myocardial infarction). A silent MI can occur in anyone, though it is more common among diabetics.


Question: After a heart attack, when should I see my doctor after I leave the hospital?

Answer: Make a doctor's appointment for two to six weeks after leaving the hospital. Your doctor will want to check the progress of your recovery. She may ask you to undergo diagnostic tests (such as an exercise stress test or echocardiogram at regular intervals). These tests can help your doctor diagnose the presence or progression of blockages in your coronary arteries and plan treatment. Call your doctor sooner if you have symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath -- especially at rest, dizziness, or irregular heartbeats.


Question: Iâve had a heart attack. How can I prevent another one?

Answer: The goal after a heart attack is to keep the heart healthy and reduce the risks of having another heart attack. Your best opportunities to ward off future attacks is to take your medications, change your lifestyle, and see your doctor for regular heart checkups.


Question: Whatâs the purpose of drugs that treat a heart attack, and when should they be given?

Answer: The goals of drug therapy are to break up or prevent blood clots, prevent platelets from gathering and sticking to the plaque, stabilize the plaque, and prevent further damage. These medications must be given as soon as possible to decrease the amount of heart damage. The longer the delay in starting these drugs, the more damage can occur and the less benefit they can provide.


Question: How can an artery spasm bring on a heart attack?

Answer: While it is unusual, a heart attack can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. Coronary arteries have a muscle lining which can contract or relax depending on the needs of the heart muscle at a given time. During a coronary spasm, the coronary arteries constrict or spasm without warning, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle and potentially causing a heart attack. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between injury and treatment. Earlier treatment can reduce the impact of the heart attack.


Question: How can a blocked artery bring on a heart attack?

Answer: Heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes and consistencies. With the build-up of plaque, there is less delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle, especially when there is a demand for oxygen (during exertion or exercise) and chest pain or symptoms can develop. The outer surface of the plaque may rupture or crack and platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that help form blood clots) then come to the area to form blood clots around the plaque -- like a scab. If a blood clot totally obstructs the artery, the heart muscle can become starved for oxygen. This is called ischemia.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose a heart attack?

Answer: The electrocardiogram ( ECG or EKG) can provide information about the extent and location of heart muscle damage. Blood may be drawn to measure levels of cardiac enzymes that indicate heart muscle damage. By measuring the levels of these enzymes, the doctor can determine approximately when the heart attack started. An echocardiogram (also called an echo) is an ultrasound test that can be used to learn how the heart is pumping overall and what areas might not be pumping normally. Cardiac catheterization.


Question: What are the symptoms of stomach cancer from H. pylori?

Answer: Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms: Stool that is bloody, dark red, or black Trouble breathing Dizziness or fainting Feeling very tired for no reason Pale skin color Vomit that has blood or looks like coffee grounds Severe, sharp stomach pain It's not common, but H. pylori infection can cause stomach cancer. The disease has few symptoms at first, such as heartburn. Over time, you may notice: Belly pain or swelling Nausea Not feeling hungry Feeling full after you eat just a small amount Vomiting Weight loss for no reason If you don't have symptoms of an ulcer, your doctor probably won't test you for H. pylori.


Question: When should you get tested for H. pylori infection?

Answer: But if you have them now or have in the past, it's best to get tested. Medicines like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) can also damage your stomach lining, so it's important to find out what's causing your symptoms so you can get the right treatment.


Question: How is a computed tomography (CT) scan used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body.


Question: How long do treatments for H. pylori infections last?

Answer: Your treatment could mean you'll take 14 or more pills per day for a few weeks, which seems like a lot of medicine. But it's really important to take everything that your doctor prescribes and to follow her instructions. If you don't take antibiotics the right way, bacteria in your body can become resistant to them, which makes infections harder to treat. If your medications bother you, talk to your doctor about your treatment options and how you can handle side effects. About 1-2 weeks after you finish your treatment, your doctor may test your breath or stool again to make sure the infection is gone.


Question: When should you call your doctor about symptoms of an ulcer from H. pylori?

Answer: Other signs of an ulcer include: Bloating Burping Not feeling hungry Nausea Vomiting Weight loss for no clear reason Ulcers can bleed into your stomach or intestines, which can be dangerous to your health. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms: Stool that is bloody, dark red, or black Trouble breathing Dizziness or fainting Feeling very tired for no reason Pale skin color Vomit that has blood or looks like coffee grounds Severe, sharp stomach pain It's not common, but H. pylori infection can cause stomach cancer.


Question: How is an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: In a hospital, a doctor will use a tube with a small camera, called an endoscope, to look down your throat and into your stomach and the upper part of your small intestine. The procedure may also be used to collect a sample that will be examined for the presence of the bacteria. You may be asleep or awake during the procedure, but you'll get medicine to make you more comfortable.


Question: How can you prevent H. pylori infection?

Answer: You can protect yourself from getting an H. pylori infection with the same steps you take to keep other germs at bay: Wash your hands after you use the bathroom and before you prepare or eat food. Teach your children to do the same. Avoid food or water that's not clean. Don't eat anything that isn't cooked thoroughly. Avoid food served by people who haven't washed their hands. Though stress, spicy foods, alcohol, and smoking don't cause ulcers, they can keep them from healing quickly or make your pain worse. Talk to your doctor about ways to manage your stress, improve your diet, and, if you smoke, how you can get help to quit.


Question: How is H. pylori infection diagnosed?

Answer: To start, your doctor will ask you about your medical history, your symptoms, and any medicines you take. Then she'll give you a physical exam, including pressing on your belly to check for swelling, tenderness, or pain. You may also have: Tests of your blood and stool, which can help find an infection Urea breath test. You'll drink a special liquid that has a substance called urea. Then you'll breathe into a bag, which your doctor will send to a lab for testing. If you have H. pylori, the bacteria will change the urea in your body into carbon dioxide, and lab tests will show that your breath has higher than normal levels of the gas.


Question: How does H. pylori make you sick?

Answer: For decades, doctors thought people got ulcers from stress, spicy foods, smoking, or other lifestyle habits.


Question: Who can get H. pylori infection?

Answer: Many people get H. pylori during childhood, but adults can get it, too. The germs live in the body for years before symptoms start, but most people who have it will never get ulcers. Doctors aren't sure why only some people get ulcers after an infection.


Question: Where can I find information or support for H. pylori infection?

Answer: For some people, an infection can lead to stomach cancer. You may also have: Tests of your blood and stool, which can help find an infection Urea breath test.


Question: What can I expect after H. pylori infection?

Answer: Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back. If you've had one, you should avoid taking NSAIDs for pain, since these drugs can damage your stomach lining. If you need pain medicine, ask your doctor to recommend some.


Question: How are upper GI tests used to diagnose H. pylori infection?

Answer: You'll drink a special liquid that has a substance called urea. In a hospital, a doctor will use a tube with a small camera, called an endoscope, to look down your throat and into your stomach and the upper part of your small intestine.


Question: What is H. pylori?

Answer: These germs can enter your body and live in your digestive tract. After many years, they can cause sores, called ulcers, in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine. For some people, an infection can lead to stomach cancer. Most ulcers caused by H. pylori will heal after a few weeks of treatment.


Question: How common are infections from H. pylori?

Answer: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) is a type of bacteria. As more of the world gets access to clean water and sanitation, fewer people than before are getting the bacteria. With good health habits, you can protect yourself and your children from H. pylori. The germs live in the body for years before symptoms start, but most people who have it will never get ulcers. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.


Question: How does H. pylori affect your body?

Answer: After H. pylori enters your body, it attacks the lining of your stomach, which usually protects you from the acid your body uses to digest food. These may bleed, cause infections, or keep food from moving through your digestive tract. Tests that make detailed pictures of the insides of your body, such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) If you have ulcers caused by H. pylori, you'll need treatment to kill the germs, heal your stomach lining, and keep the sores from coming back.


Question: What is the most common type of diabetic eye disease?

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common type of diabetic eye disease. The longer you have diabetes, the more likely you are to have some degree of diabetic retinopathy. How bad it will be depends on how well you control your blood sugar.


Question: What is background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)?

Answer: Background or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR): This is the earliest stage. Damaged blood vessels begin to leak into the retina.


Question: What is macular edema?

Answer: NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells. Located in the center of your retina, it's what gives you your pinpoint vision. This won't lead to blindness, but it can cause blurred vision. It can get better once you get your blood sugar and blood pressure under control. If it doesn't improve, lasers or medications injected directly into your eye may help.


Question: What are cataracts and glaucoma?

Answer: Cataracts, when the eye's lens clouds up, are a common cause of vision loss and a normal part of the aging process. Glaucoma, a disease that damages your optic nerve, is a leading cause of blindness for people over 60.


Question: How often should I get a dilated eye exam if I have diabetes?

Answer: If you have diabetes, get a dilated exam as soon as you're diagnosed. Your doctor will put drops in your eye to widen the pupil. That lets him get a better look at your retina and optic nerve. Adults with type 2 diabetes should get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Your eye doctor will let you know if you need to come in more often. Let him know if you notice sudden vision changes. Blurry vision can result from blood sugar that's too high or too low.


Question: Am I more at risk for cataracts and glaucoma if I have diabetes?

Answer: They're not specific to diabetes, but they can show up earlier if you have it. It all depends on how well you control your blood sugar. And they're just two more reasons you need to work closely with your doctor to keep the disease under control.


Question: What is macular ischemia?

Answer: Macular ischemia: This loss of blood flow results when small blood vessels in your retina close up. Your vision blurs because the macula no longer gets enough blood to work like it should.


Question: How does having high blood sugar cause vision problems?

Answer: This thin layer of light-sensitive tissue lines the back of the eye and sends light to your brain. That's what allows you to see. NPDR can cause changes in the eye including: Macular edema: Blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula and it swells.


Question: Can immune system problems cause achy joints?

Answer: When the lining inside your joints becomes inflamed, the area around them is tender to the touch. It might also be stiff or swollen, and it can happen with more than one joint. You may notice that it's worse in the morning.


Question: Can immune system problems cause dry eyes?

Answer: If you have an autoimmune disorder, that means your immune system attacks your body instead of defending it. Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are two examples. Many people who have an autoimmune disorder find that they have dry eyes. You might feel a sandy, gritty feeling like something is in your eye. Or you may notice pain, redness, a stringy discharge, or blurred vision. Some people find they can't cry even when they're upset.


Question: Can immune system problems lead to infections?

Answer: Other red flags: Chronic sinus infections, being sick with more than four ear infections in a year (for anyone over the age of 4), or having pneumonia more than once.


Question: Can immune system problems cause tingling or numbness in your hands and feet?

Answer: It can be completely innocent. But in some cases it can mean that your body is attacking nerves that send signals to your muscles. People who have Guillain- Barre syndrome, for instance, may have numbness that starts in their legs then moves up to their arms and chest. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP) has symptoms similar to the demyelinating form of GBS (called acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or AIDP), but while GBS lasts two weeks to 30 days.


Question: What can happen if your immune system is working too hard?

Answer: If it kicks into action too often, you may get a condition like allergies, asthma, or eczema. Or if your immune system starts to attack your body instead of safeguarding it, you could have an autoimmune disorder like rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes.


Question: Can immune system problems cause weight change?

Answer: You find yourself gaining extra pounds even though your eating habits and workouts haven't changed.


Question: Can immune system problems cause a fever?

Answer: If you're running a higher temperature than normal, it could be that your immune system is starting to overwork. That can happen due to an oncoming infection or because you're starting to have a flare of an autoimmune condition.


Question: Can immune system problems cause swallowing issues?

Answer: If you have a tough time getting food down, your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) could be swollen or too weak to work well. Some people feel like food is stuck in their throat or chest. Others gag or choke when they swallow. One of the possible causes can be a problem with your immune system.


Question: Can immune system problems cause bathroom problems?

Answer: Diarrhea that lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks can be a warning sign that your immune system is harming the lining of your small intestine or digestive tract. Constipation is a concern, too. If your bowel movements are hard to pass, very firm, or look like they're made up of small rabbit pellets, your immune system may be forcing your intestine to slow down. Other possible causes include bacteria, viruses, and other health conditions.


Question: Can immune system problems cause headaches?

Answer: In some cases, headaches can be related to the immune system. For example, it could be vasculitis, which is inflammation of a blood vessel caused by an infection or autoimmune disease.


Question: Can immune system problems cause fatigue?

Answer: Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. You might feel a sandy, gritty feeling like something is in your eye. But in some cases it can mean that your body is attacking nerves that send signals to your muscles.


Question: Could my illness be related to immune system problems?

Answer: They can all cause inflammation. But do you know the other warning signs? Keep in mind that these possible clues can happen for many other reasons. To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. For example, it could be vasculitis, which is inflammation of a blood vessel caused by an infection or autoimmune disease.


Question: Can immune system problems cause hair loss?

Answer: If you lose hair on your scalp, face, or other parts of your body, you could have a condition called alopecia areata. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. Sometimes your immune system decides to fight the skin's pigment-making cells, called melanocytes.


Question: Can immune system problems cause white patches on the skin?

Answer: To figure out what's going on with your health, you'll want to see your doctor. Sometimes the immune system attacks hair follicles.


Question: Can immune system problems cause cold hands?

Answer: The skin in these areas may turn white, then blue, when you're exposed to the cold. Once blood flow returns, the skin may then turn red. Doctors call this â Raynaud's phenomenon.â Immune system problems can cause it, but so can other things, including smoking, some prescription drugs, and conditions that affect your arteries. If your bowel movements are hard to pass, very firm, or look like they're made up of small rabbit pellets, your immune system may be forcing your intestine to slow down.


Question: Can immune system problems cause rashes?

Answer: People with lupus often get a butterfly-shaped rash across their nose and cheeks. Strands or clumps of hair coming out can also be a symptom of lupus. If so, you'll start to see white patches of skin on your body. Called jaundice, it may mean that your immune system is attacking and destroying healthy liver cells.


Question: What does yellow poop mean?

Answer: This shade is also normal for many people. It's common for babies, especially those who breastfeed. But if you have yellow poop that looks greasy and smells very bad, it may have too much fat. That could be a sign your body isn't digesting food properly. For example, if you have celiac disease, your body can't handle a protein called gluten, which is in wheat, barley, and rye. If you have the condition and eat foods that have gluten, like many breads, pastas, and cookies, your intestines won't work as they should. There may be other causes of yellow poop that's greasy and smelly. If it happens to you often, tell your doctor.


Question: What is the main treatment for childhood leukemia?

Answer: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for childhood leukemia. Your child will get anticancer drugs by mouth, or into a vein or the spinal fluid. To keep leukemia from returning, there may be maintenance therapy in cycles over a period of 2 or 3 years.


Question: Can gene therapy be used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: The FDA has approved a type of gene therapy for children and young adults up to age 25 whose B-cell ALL doesn't get better with other treatments. Scientists are working on a version of this treatment for people over 25 and for other kinds of cancer.


Question: What initial tests are used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope.


Question: What does treatment for childhood leukemia involve?

Answer: Before cancer treatment begins, sometimes a child needs treatment to address illness complications. For example, changes in blood cells can lead to infections or severe bleeding and may affect the amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues. Treatment may involve antibiotics, blood transfusions, or other measures to fight infection.


Question: How does a pathologist diagnose childhood leukemia?

Answer: Initial tests may include: Blood tests to measure the number of blood cells and see how they appear Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, usually taken from the pelvic bone, to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia Lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to check for spread of leukemia cells in the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord A pathologist examines cells from the blood tests under a microscope. This specialist also checks bone marrow samples for the number of blood-forming cells and fat cells.


Question: What are the types of childhood leukemia?

Answer: ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia ( AML). AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Hybrid or mixed lineage leukemia. This is a rare leukemia with features of both ALL and AML. Chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML). CML is rare in children. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL). CLL is very rare in children. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia ( JMML). This is a rare type that is neither chronic nor acute and happens most often in children under age 4.


Question: How is a stem cell transplant used for childhood leukemia?

Answer: If standard treatment is likely to be less effective, a stem cell transplant may be the best option. It involves a transplant of blood-forming stem cells after whole body radiation combined with high-dose chemotherapy happens first to destroy the child's bone marrow.


Question: How do children get leukemia?

Answer: But certain things may raise the chances of getting it. Keep in mind, though, that having one of these things does not necessarily mean a child will get leukemia. In fact, most children with leukemia don't have any known risk factors. ALL accounts for 3 out of every 4 cases of childhood leukemia.


Question: What is the outlook for childhood leukemia?

Answer: AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. And treatment at special centers for children and teens has the advantages of specialized care. Childhood cancers tend to respond to treatment better than adult cancers do, and children's bodies often tolerate treatment better.


Question: What is childhood leukemia?

Answer: Childhood leukemia, the most common type of cancer in children and teens, is a cancer of the white blood cells. As tough as it is for a child to have cancer, it's good to know that most children and teens with childhood leukemia can be successfully treated. AML is the next most common type of childhood leukemia. Many signs and symptoms of childhood leukemia happen when leukemia cells crowd out normal cells. It can also help prevent or treat the spread of leukemia to other parts of the body.


Question: What does a hamstring strain feel like?

Answer: Mild hamstring strains may not hurt too much. But severe ones can be agonizing, making it impossible to walk or even stand.


Question: What causes ulcerative colitis?

Answer: He makes an opening in your belly wall and joins the reservoir to your skin with a nipple valve.


Question: What are diet changes for ulcerative colitis?

Answer: While food doesn't appear to play a role in causing ulcerative colitis, certain foods may cause more symptoms when your disease is active. Your doctor may suggest diet changes, depending on your symptoms. He may also recommend vitamins or nutritional supplements.


Question: When should you get surgery to remove your entire colon if you have ulcerative colitis?

Answer: Your doctor may suggest diet changes, depending on your symptoms. When you have an operation to remove your entire colon, the surgeon most often creates an opening, or stoma, in your belly wall. He attaches a bag there and brings the tip of your lower small intestine through the opening. Waste passes through it and collects in a pouch, which gets attached to the stoma. You'd need to wear the pouch all the time.


Question: What is ulcerative colitis (UC)?

Answer: These treatments won't cure your ulcerative colitis, unless you have surgery that removes the colon and rectum, which is considered curative, but they can help ease your symptoms. These medicines sometimes have side effects and long-term complications, so doctors often suggest them for short periods of time to help you get in remission. While food doesn't appear to play a role in causing ulcerative colitis, certain foods may cause more symptoms when your disease is active. Your doctor may suggest this if your medicine isn't working, your symptoms get worse, or your ulcerative colitis leads to serious complications.


Question: What are the symptoms of an infected venous skin ulcer?

Answer: If that happens, you might notice: A redness or swelling of the surrounding skin Worsening pain A fever Pus If you have a wound that isn't healing or you think is infected, you should see your doctor.