Question: When should you call the doctor about traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine.


Question: How can I avoid traveler's diarrhea from tap water?

Answer: Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water. Boiling is the most reliable method to make water safe to drink.


Question: What are side effects of Pepto-Bismol for treating traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: Side effects of Pepto- Bismol can include temporary blackening of tongue and stools, occasional nausea, constipation, and rarely, ringing in the ears. Do not take Pepto- Bismol if you have an aspirin allergy, renal insufficiency, gout, or if you are taking anticoagulants, probenecid ( Benemid, Probalan), or methotrexate ( Rheumatrex).


Question: How do you treat traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: As with all diseases, it is best to consult a doctor rather than attempting to self-medicate for traveler's diarrhea. This is especially relevant for pregnant women and children.


Question: How are antibiotics used to treat traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: Antibiotics such as cirpofloxacin ( Cipro), norfloxacin ( Noroxin), rifamycin ( Amecolo), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim ( Bactrim, Septra), and or may shorten the length of illness. The CDC does not recommend the use of most antibiotics to prevent traveler's diarrhea, with the exception of azithromycin ( Zithromax), because they can sometimes cause additional problems. Azithromycin is specificately used to treat traveler's diarrhea. Consult your doctor about taking these medications.


Question: How can you protect yourself from traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: Immediate medical attention is required if an infant with diarrhea develops signs of moderate to severe dehydration (including dry mouth, eyes, and skin), confusion; sunken eyes; and fever, bloody diarrhea, persistent vomiting, or fever higher than 102 F. Seek medical help for traveler's diarrhea if: Diarrhea is severe, bloody, or does not resolve within a few days Diarrhea is accompanied by fever and chills You are unable to keep fluids down to prevent dehydration In areas with poor sanitation, only the following beverages may be safe to drink: boiled water, hot beverages (such as coffee or tea) made with boiled water, canned or bottled carbonated beverages, beer, and wine. Avoid ice, as it may have been made from contaminated water. It is safer to drink from an unopened can or bottle than from a container that is not known to be clean and dry. Water on the surface of a beverage can or bottle may also be contaminated. Therefore, the area of a can or bottle that will touch the mouth should be wiped clean and dried. Where water may be contaminated, you should not brush your teeth with tap water.


Question: How can I use iodine to avoid traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: For disinfection with iodine, use either tincture of iodine or tetraglycine hydroperiodide tablets, such as Globaline or Potable- Aqua. These disinfectants can be found in sporting goods stores and pharmacies. Read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. If the water is cloudy, strain it through a clean cloth and double the number of disinfectant tablets added. If the water is very cold, either warm it or allow increased time for the disinfectant to work. Adding a pinch of salt or pouring water from one container to another will improve the taste.


Question: How is traveler's diarrhea treated in children and infants?

Answer: It is important for an infected person to consult a doctor about treating diarrhea in children and infants, because some of the drugs mentioned above are not recommended for children. The greatest risk for children, especially infants, is dehydration. Again, the best treatment for dehydration is the ORS solution.


Question: Where are you most likely to get traveler's diarrhea?

Answer: The risk of infection varies depending on the type of exposure -- from a fairly low risk from eating hot, cooked foods and drinking factory-sealed beverages to a higher risk from eating raw vegetables and fruits and drinking tap water. The most common culprit is a bacteria called E.coli. The typical symptoms of traveler's diarrhea include: Abrupt onset of diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Bloating Urgent need to have a bowel movement Malaise (weakness or discomfort) Explosive and painful gas Cramps Loss of appetite Traveler's diarrhea usually lasts from 3 to 7 days and is rarely life threatening.


Question: What are challenges that come with treating elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by medications?

Answer: These include: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) Biologic drugs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Corticosteroids You might have more challenges with your medication, especially if you take drugs for other health conditions. This boosts your chances of a bad reaction to the medicine. You may also have a harder time with drug side effects. NSAIDs increase your chances of heart, brain, gut, and kidney problems. Corticosteroids up the odds of glaucoma, osteoporosis, and other health problems.


Question: What symptoms of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might be a different condition?

Answer: Elderly-onset RA also has symptoms that overlap with other diseases, like: Polymyalgia rheumatica ( PMR) Late-onset psoriatic arthritis Crystal arthritis Viral arthritis Osteoarthritis Rotator cuff tendinitis Hypothyroidism Parkinson's disease It may be hardest to tell elderly-onset RA from PMR, which has similar aches and test results (like elevated CRP and ESR levels).


Question: Does exercise help if you have elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Your doctor has to figure out if it's really late-onset or if you've had the disease for years.


Question: What is the goal of treatment for elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: Your treatment goal is remission, the lowest possible level of disease activity. This can prevent joint damage and can keep your joints working like they should.


Question: How do new gum disease treatments lead to a better dental health?

Answer: When the supporting tissue and bone around your teeth doesn't fit snugly, "pockets" form in the gums. Bacteria then invade these pockets, increasing bone destruction and tooth loss. A variety of treatments can help reverse the damage. They range from cleaning the root surfaces to remove plaque and tartar to more extreme measures such as gum surgery to reduce the pockets. In recent years, the focus of gum disease treatment has expanded beyond reducing the pockets and removing the bacteria to include regenerative procedures. For instance, lasers, membranes, bone grafts, or proteins that stimulate tissue growth can be used to help regenerate bone and tissue to combat the gum disease.


Question: How does computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology benefit my dental health?

Answer: The CAD in this technology stands for âcomputer-assisted design,â and the CAM for âcomputer-assisted manufacture.â Together, they translate into fewer dental visits to complete procedures such as crowns and bridges. Traditionally when a patient needs a crown, a dentist must make a mold of the tooth and fashion a temporary crown, then wait for the dental laboratory to make a permanent one. With CAD/ CAM technology, the tooth is drilled to prepare it for the crown and a picture is taken with a computer. This image is then relayed to a machine that makes the crown right in the office.


Question: How can thinner veneers improve my dental health?

Answer: Veneers are the thin, custom-made shells or moldings that are used to cover the front of crooked or otherwise unattractive teeth. New materials now make it possible to create even thinner veneers that are just as strong. What's the advantage for you? Preparing a tooth for a veneer - which involves reshaping the tooth to allow for the added thickness of the veneer -- can be minimal with the thinner veneers. Less of the tooth surface must be reduced and more of the natural tooth is kept intact.


Question: What is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)?

Answer: Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Tumors with tiny new blood vessels grow below the surface of the skin and in membranes of your mouth, nose, eyes, and anus. It can spread to your lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and lymph nodes, which are glands that help you fight infection. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. It affects 8 times more men than women. It may spread through sexual contact, but we don't know for sure. KS was once rare, affecting older men from Eastern European or Mediterranean families, young African men, or people who had undergone organ transplants. Now HIV is the most common cause.


Question: What is surgical biopsy?

Answer: Doctors rarely use this method on the thyroid. It requires making an opening in your neck to remove the node. It may even mean removing half your thyroid. Because it's surgery, you'll get medicines to put you under during the operation. It also means a longer recovery.


Question: What is follow-up for a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer: Arrange follow-up with your doctor or an ear-nose-throat specialist (otolaryngologist) after treatment for a peritonsillar abscess. Also: If the abscess starts to return, you may need a different antibiotic or further drainage. If you develop excessive bleeding or have trouble breathing or swallowing, seek medical attention immediately.


Question: What are the options for treating a peritonsillar abscess?

Answer: The doctor has several options for treating you: Needle aspiration involves slowly putting a needle into the abscess and withdrawing the pus into a syringe. Incision and drainage involves using a scalpel to make a small cut in the abscess so pus can drain. Acute tonsillectomy (having a surgeon remove your tonsils) may be needed if, for some reason, you cannot tolerate a drainage procedure, or if you have a history of frequent tonsillitis.


Question: What are risk factors for peritonsillar abscess?

Answer: Dental infection (such as the gum infections periodontitis and gingivitis) may be a risk factor. Other risk factors include: Chronic tonsillitis Infectious mononucleosis Smoking Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) Stones or calcium deposits in the tonsils (tonsilloliths) The first symptom of a peritonsillar abscess is usually a sore throat.


Question: How is a peritonsillar abscess usually diagnosed?

Answer: A peritonsillar abscess is easy to diagnose when it is large enough to see. The doctor will look into your mouth using a light and, possibly, a tongue depressor. Swelling and redness on one side of the throat near the tonsil suggests an abscess. The doctor may also gently push on the area with a gloved finger to see if there is pus from infection inside.


Question: How do you know if you have pustular psoriasis?

Answer: You'll see white bumps filled with pus near or inside red skin blotches.


Question: What increases my chances of getting peptic ulcer?

Answer: You can have ulcers at any age, but your chances go up as you get older.


Question: How can bacteria cause peptic ulcers?

Answer: It's called Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori), and as many as half of us carry it. Most people infected with H. pylori do not get ulcers. But in others, it can raise the amount of acid, break down the protective mucus layer, and irritate the digestive tract. Experts aren't sure how H. pylori infection spreads. They think it may pass from person to person through close contact, like kissing. You may also get it from unclean food and water.


Question: How is peptic ulcer diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, whether you take NSAIDs and other drugs, and medical history. She'll also check you for bloating in the belly and pain. That may be enough to make a diagnosis. The only way your doctor can tell for sure if you have an ulcer is to look. She may use a series of X-rays or a test called an endoscopy. This test allows her to pass a thin, bendy tube down your throat and into your stomach and small intestine. The tube has a camera at the end so she can check the lining for ulcers. She may also take a small piece of the lining to test for H. pylori. Blood, breath, and stool sample tests also can screen for the bacteria.


Question: How are peptic ulcers treated?

Answer: But if you don't treat them, the ulcers tend to come back. They can erode the blood vessel wall in your stomach or small intestine. The ulcers also can eat a hole through the lining and get infected. Or they can cause swelling, which may block food from moving from your stomach into your small intestine. If H. pylori is the culprit, your doctor may prescribe a mix of antibiotics to kill it. If aspirin and other NSAIDs are behind the ulcer, you may need to cut down on them, stop taking them altogether, or switch to another pain reliever. Your doctor may also give you antacids to fight stomach acid, or prescribe medicine to lessen the acid your body makes. Prescription drugs called cytoprotective agents can help protect the lining of the stomach or small intestine so the ulcer can heal.


Question: When should I call my doctor about bursitis?

Answer: Common symptoms of bursitis include: Pain and (rarely) swelling in the shoulders, elbows, hips, or knees, particularly stretching or extending the joint while exercising, lifting, or otherwise pushing the joint to its limits Restricted or lost range of motion in a joint, especially affecting the shoulder, with or without immediate pain Muscle weakness due to pain Pain in or near a joint persists more than two weeks. You are unable to move the affected area. You have unusual swelling near a joint, such as the elbow. You have a fever with your bursitis symptoms.


Question: What are disadvantages of rigid gas-permeable lenses?

Answer: the lenses don't feel as comfortable as soft contacts. It takes longer to get used to them, so you need to wear them every day.


Question: What are risks of soft contact lenses?

Answer: Soft contact lens material can absorb particles, chemicals, bacteria, and mold more easily than both hard and rigid gas-permeable lenses. They soak up all kinds of things that can irritate your eyes -- smoke and sprays in the air and lotion or soap on your hands. Soft contacts are also more fragile. They can rip or tear more easily than hard or gas-permeable lenses.


Question: What are color tint lenses?

Answer: Color tint lenses are darker, opaque, and change the color of your eyes. Specialty colors include amethyst, violet, and green.


Question: What are visibility tint lenses?

Answer: Visibility tint lenses have a tiny bit of color so you can find your lens if you drop it. It isn't enough to affect the color of your eyes.


Question: What are advantages of rigid gas-permeable lenses?

Answer: You might see better than you do with soft lenses. They correct substantial astigmatism. They're easy to take care of and durable.


Question: What are rigid gas-permeable lenses?

Answer: As the name suggests, these are stiffer than soft contacts. They're made from silicone, and they're designed to let oxygen pass through to your cornea.


Question: What are enhancement tint lenses?

Answer: Enhancement tint lenses play up your natural eye color.


Question: What are daily disposables?

Answer: Daily disposables are soft contacts that you wear only for a day and then throw away. That means you don't have to clean them regularly or risk dry eyes and irritation from contact solutions. If you have allergies, they may be the best choice for you.


Question: What contact lenses can reshape your cornea?

Answer: But the results only last while you have the contact in. This procedure isn't widely used, because laser vision correction offers the same result in less time and is permanent. Laser surgery is now OK for professionals -- like members of the military or airline pilots -- whose jobs didn't allow them to have it in the past. If you can't have laser surgery, ask your eye care professional if ortho-k could work for you.


Question: Why I am getting erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: There are a lot of reasons you can get ED, from high blood pressure and diabetes to alcohol and drug use to a hormone imbalance. It could even be due to an injury to your penis, prostate, bladder, and pelvis. But it's not always physical. Psychological and emotional issues are sometimes to blame, as well. Stress, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem can cause ED. Even nervousness about how you perform sexually can make it happen. Some medications may make getting an erection difficult, too. Your doctor can help you figure out what's going on and how to solve it.


Question: What do the results of the B-type natriuretic peptide blood test mean?

Answer: The level of BNP tends to increase as heart failure gets worse. But it can also increase with age. Testing BNP levels is one of the most sensitive ways to show how well you're doing on heart failure treatment. Ask your doctor to explain the results of your BNP tests.


Question: What happens during a B-type natriuretic peptide blood test?

Answer: A small amount of blood will be taken from you. Then it's placed in a machine that reads the level of BNP and NT-pro- BNP. The test takes about 15 minutes. In some places, the blood sample needs to be sent away to a lab to be tested.


Question: Why is a B-type natriuretic peptide  blood test needed?

Answer: BNP levels help your doctor figure out if you have heart failure or something else that has similar symptoms such as shortness of breath. The test also shows if your heart failure has worsened. It'll help your doctor decide what treatments you need and if you need to be hospitalized. It may also give him a look into what the future may hold. It is a sensitive test to allow the doctor to evaluate improvement or worsening of heart failure and to help monitor whether or not the medication is working well. Depending on your medical center, you may get tested for one or both proteins.


Question: What happens with osteoarthritis?

Answer: What happens: You lose your body's shock absorber. Cartilage, the slippery material that covers the ends of bones, gradually breaks down. One example is what can happen to your knees when you're overweight. The extra pounds put more pressure on the cartilage as it gets squeezed between the bones. It gets damaged and wears away, so there isn't as much left to cushion the joint. The damaged cartilage makes movement painful. You may hear a grating sound when the roughened cartilage on the surface of the bones rubs together. You may get painful spurs or bumps on the end of the bones, especially on fingers and feet. The joint lining can get inflamed, but it's not common with osteoarthritis.


Question: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Symptoms: Psoriatic arthritis can swell the fingers and toes. People who have it often have fingernails that are pitted or discolored, too. In some people, only one joint or a few joints are affected. For example, you could have it in only one knee. Sometimes, it affects the spine or just the fingers and toes.


Question: What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: Symptoms depend on which joint or joints are affected. You may have: Deep, aching pain Trouble dressing, combing your hair, gripping things, bending over, squatting, or climbing stairs, depending on which joints are involved Morning stiffness that typically lasts less than 30 minutes Pain when walking Stiffness after resting Your joint may be: Warm to the touch Swollen and harder to move Unable to move through a full range of motion What is it?


Question: What happens in psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: What happens: This type of arthritis usually starts between ages 30 and 50, but it can start as early as childhood. It's equally common among men and women. The skin disease (psoriasis) usually shows up first.


Question: What is psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: People with this condition have inflammation of the skin (psoriasis) and joints (arthritis). Psoriasis causes patchy, raised, red and white areas of inflamed skin with scales. It usually affects the tips of the elbows and knees, the scalp, the navel, and skin around the genital areas or anus. Only about 10% to 30% of people with psoriasis will also get psoriatic arthritis.


Question: What is osteoarthritis?

Answer: More people have this condition than any other form of arthritis. It's the "wear and tear" that happens when your joints are overused. It usually happens with age, but it can also come from joint injuries or obesity, which puts extra stress on your joints. Joints that bear weight -- like your knees, hips, feet, and spine -- are the most common places it affects. It often comes on gradually over months or years. It makes the affected joint hurt. But you don't feel sick or have the fatigue that comes with some other types of arthritis.


Question: What happens if you have rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: What happens: Doctors don't know exactly what causes RA. Some experts believe the immune system becomes "confused" after an infection with a bacteria or virus and starts to attack your joints. This battle can spread to other areas of the body. Scientists think two of the body's chemicals that are related to inflammation, tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) and interleukin-1, trigger other parts of the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis. Medicines that block TNF, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 can improve the symptoms and prevent joint damage.


Question: When should I see a doctor right away about my drug allergy?

Answer: Difficulty breathing or wheezing Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing Hoarseness or trouble speaking Swollen lips, tongue, or throat Nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting Fast heartbeat or pulse Anxiety or dizziness Loss of consciousness Hives and trouble breathing Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) Had severe reactions in the past See a doctor immediately for these symptoms: A fast-spreading painful red or blistered area on the skin Swollen face, tongue, or lips, even without breathing difficulty or increase in swelling Top layer of skin peels off in sheets without blistering Scalded-looking raw areas of flesh Discomfort Fever Condition spreading to eyes, mouth, and genitals Call the doctor as soon as possible if the person has: Skin rash, itching, a feeling of warmth, or hives See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment.


Question: When should I get medical attention for a drug allergy?

Answer: Difficulty breathing or wheezing Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing Hoarseness or trouble speaking Swollen lips, tongue, or throat Nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting Fast heartbeat or pulse Anxiety or dizziness Loss of consciousness Hives and trouble breathing Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) Had severe reactions in the past See a doctor immediately for these symptoms: A fast-spreading painful red or blistered area on the skin Swollen face, tongue, or lips, even without breathing difficulty or increase in swelling Top layer of skin peels off in sheets without blistering Scalded-looking raw areas of flesh Discomfort Fever Condition spreading to eyes, mouth, and genitals Call the doctor as soon as possible if the person has: Skin rash, itching, a feeling of warmth, or hives See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment.


Question: How can I control itching caused by drug allergy?

Answer: For a mild reaction: Give an adult an over-the-counter antihistamine. Check with a doctor before giving an antihistamine to a child. Use cool compresses on the area or have the person take cool showers. Avoid strong soaps, detergents, and other chemicals. Stay in a cool room. Have the person wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothes. For a rash, apply calamine lotion.


Question: How can reducing cholesterol help improve your erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Answer: You can lower your cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication.


Question: Is there anything I can do to prevent diabetes?

Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.


Question: Are there any treatments that help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people at risk?

Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.


Question: How can I prevent the development of type 2 diabetes?

Answer: In fact, studies have shown that exercise and a healthy diet can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in people with pre-diabetes -- a condition that often develops prior to full-blown type 2 diabetes.


Question: What medications can help prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer: The medications metformin ( Glucophage), pioglitazone ( Actos), exenatide ( Byetta, Bydureon), and acarbose ( Precose) have also been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in those at risk.


Question: How can I prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Because of the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, you can do a great deal to reduce your chance of developing the disease by slimming down if you are overweight. This is especially true if diabetes runs in your family.


Question: How common is pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?

Answer: Nearly half of all women between ages 50 and 79 have at least a little bit of pelvic organ prolapse ( POP). It doesn't always cause symptoms, so you could actually have it and not know it. Men can get POP, too, if their bladders or rectums drop down.


Question: Can pelvic organ prolapse (POP) have complications?

Answer: Other things can raise your risk, like: Having surgery or radiation on your pelvic area Breaking your back or the bones in your pelvis Chronic constipation, because of the pushing and straining Chronic cough (it puts pressure on your pelvic organs) Obesity Doing a lot of heavy lifting over and over Getting older Having family members who have it Being white Having a hysterectomy Giving birth for the first time at a young age Smoking Pelvic organ prolapse is rarely life threatening. But it can cause a few problems, such as: Bladder control problems (urinary incontinence) A kink in the urethra, the tube that carries your urine outside your body. This can make it hard to pee. Bowel control problems (fecal incontinence), with liquid or solid stools coming out Problems having bowel movements when stools get trapped Pain during sex Urinary tract infections Kidney damage if it blocks your pee There are things you can to do tighten your pelvic muscles and reduce your risk.


Question: What is your pelvis?

Answer: Some of your body tissue can stick out of your vagina.


Question: What causes pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?

Answer: If you delivered a baby through your vagina (not by C-section), you have the biggest risk for POP. The more times you give birth, the higher your risk. But just because you've had babies, doesn't mean you're going to have a prolapse.


Question: What is pelvic organ prolapse (POP?

Answer: Sometimes, the muscles and other kinds of tissue that hold everything in place get stretched out, weak, or torn. When that happens, some of your body parts can drop down below where they're supposed to be. Some of your body tissue can stick out of your vagina. This is called prolapse. It can affect all the organs in your pelvis.


Question: What can raise your risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?

Answer: Other things can raise your risk, like: Having surgery or radiation on your pelvic area Breaking your back or the bones in your pelvis Chronic constipation, because of the pushing and straining Chronic cough (it puts pressure on your pelvic organs) Obesity Doing a lot of heavy lifting over and over Getting older Having family members who have it Being white Having a hysterectomy Giving birth for the first time at a young age Smoking Pelvic organ prolapse is rarely life threatening.


Question: Can I prevent pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?

Answer: Bowel control problems (fecal incontinence), with liquid or solid stools coming out Problems having bowel movements when stools get trapped Pain during sex Urinary tract infections Kidney damage if it blocks your pee There are things you can to do tighten your pelvic muscles and reduce your risk. For instance, Kegel exercises can help strengthen the nerves and muscles in your pelvis. Making certain lifestyle changes might help, too. If you're overweight, for example, try to shed some pounds. Overweight women are more likely to get POP than those who maintain a healthy weight. Drink lots of fluids and eat high-fiber foods. This will help you to avoid constipation. Remember, constantly pushing and straining will only make the prolapse worse. Try not to lift anything heavy. If you must, learn to lift the right way --with your legs, not your back or abs. If you smoke, stop. Smoking increases your risk of POP. And see a doctor about any health issues you might have, like a cough that won't go away. Coughing puts pressure on your pelvic muscles and can make your prolapse worse.


Question: When should you call a doctor about dehydration in children under 12 years?

Answer: Has extremely dry mouth or no tears Is lethargic Is older and does not urinate in 12 or more hours Isn't alert or able to think clearly Passes out Is too weak or dizzy to stand In young children, mild to moderate dehydration can happen very easily, particularly if the child has diarrhea or is vomiting. Contact your child's pediatrician if your child: Is not drinking enough or eating enough Looks tired Has dark yellow urine or decreased urination Has dry mouth and eyes Is cranky or irritable Vomits more than once Is under 1 year old For dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old: If you breast-feed, nurse more often.


Question: How can you replace fluids for mild dehydration in a child age 1 to 11?

Answer: For mild dehydration in a child age 1 to 11: Give extra fluids in frequent, small sips, especially if the child is vomiting. Choose clear soup, clear soda, or Pedialyte, if possible. Give popsicles, ice chips, and cereal mixed with milk for added water or fluid. Continue a regular diet.


Question: When should you call 911 about dehydration in children under 12 years?

Answer: Has extremely dry mouth or no tears Is lethargic Is older and does not urinate in 12 or more hours Isn't alert or able to think clearly Passes out Is too weak or dizzy to stand In young children, mild to moderate dehydration can happen very easily, particularly if the child has diarrhea or is vomiting.


Question: How can you replace fluids for dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old?

Answer: Contact your child's pediatrician if your child: Is not drinking enough or eating enough Looks tired Has dark yellow urine or decreased urination Has dry mouth and eyes Is cranky or irritable Vomits more than once Is under 1 year old For dehydration in an infant up to 1 year old: If you breast-feed, nurse more often. If you bottle feed, give your baby the usual amount of fluid, unless the baby is vomiting. If your baby is vomiting, give smaller amounts more frequently. For example, instead of 6 ounces every 4 hours, give 3 ounces every 2 hours. If she vomits more than once, call your doctor. If your baby eats solid food, cereal, strained bananas, and mashed potatoes, also provide fluids. Give an oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte, if possible. It replaces salt, sugar, potassium, and other nutrients. Ask your doctor what type and quantity to use.


Question: When should you call your doctor about loss of bladder or bowel control due to back pain?

Answer: Loss of bladder or bowel control: If you have back pain and suddenly can't control your bladder or bowels, call your doctor right away. This could be a sign of several things, like spinal tumors or cauda equina syndrome, a rare but serious condition caused by a severe compression of the nerve roots in the spine. It could also signal lumbar spinal stenosis, which causes compression of the nerves in the lower back.


Question: Should you call your doctor if you have a fever and back pain?

Answer: Fever: When you have a high temperature and back pain, take it seriously. It could be the sign of a spinal infection, which needs urgent medical attention.


Question: Should you call your doctor about radiating back pain?

Answer: Radiating pain: Low back strains and sprains, sciatica, and a herniated disk can cause back pain to âradiateâ -- move to other parts of your body. If it's causing aching, numbness or tingling in your butt, genitals, legs, feet, arms or hands, see your doctor. He'll be able to find out why and give you something to ease your symptoms.


Question: What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: It is a rare condition of irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia. The heart has an electrical system that works a certain way. Signals travel in an exact pattern from the upper to the lower chambers of the heart. This system keeps the heart beating regularly. People with Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome have an extra electrical pathway. It causes the abnormal heartbeats. And it could lead to a very serious arrhythmia called supraventricular tachycardia. This is when the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) beat very quickly.


Question: What are symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: Some people have symptoms and some do not. You may have the following: Dizziness or feeling light-headed Palpitations or feeling your heart flutter or beat harder Loss of consciousness Trouble breathing or shortness of breath Your doctor will recommend that you see a cardiologist or heart specialist.


Question: How can a Holter monitor help in the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: You'll wear a monitor that records your heart rhythm for 24 hours or more.


Question: What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer: Parents can pass it down to their children. But most times it happens randomly and doesn't run in families. If you have this condition, you also might have other heart problems. Even when you're born with the syndrome, you may not find out you have it until you're in your teens or older.


Question: How is the blood pressure measure written and what does it mean?

Answer: Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is written systolic over diastolic (for example, 120/80 mm Hg, or "120 over 80"). According to the most recent guidelines, a normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120 to 129 and less than 80. Hypertension is blood pressure that is greater than 130/80.


Question: What treats are good for my dog if he has diabetes?

Answer: Avoid snacks that list syrup, molasses, fructose, dextrose, or maltose on the ingredients label. Homemade dehydrated meats, carrots, snap peas, and even canned pumpkin are good options. Balancing insulin and food is like a relay race. The body constantly processes food and insulin between meals and injections.


Question: Does regular exercise help dogs with diabetes?

Answer: Regular exercise will also help your pooch lose weight and lower blood sugar levels. It’s best to have your dog exercise for the same length of time and at the same intensity every day. An unusually long or vigorous workout could cause blood sugar levels to drop too low.


Question: How can cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause stroke?

Answer: Blood clots: Either kind of cardioversion could knock loose blood clots created from your abnormal heartbeat. Before the procedure, your doctor may do a type of ultrasound to look for blood clots in your heart. You'll probably get medicine to take for 3-4 weeks before and after the procedure to help prevent blood clots. Stroke : If a clot travels to your brain, it can cause a stroke.


Question: How effective is cardioversion for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: It might not work: Cardioversion doesn't always fix a fast or irregular heartbeat. You may need medicine or a pacemaker to control things.


Question: What is the success rate of electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: How well it works depends on the size of your left atrium as well as how long you've been in AFib. If you have a large left atrium or you've been in constant AFib for a year or two, it may not work as well. Taking antiarrhythmic drugs can also prevent AFib after a successful electrical cardioversion.


Question: How does cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) work?

Answer: Your doctor uses a special machine to send electrical energy to the heart muscle. The procedure restores a normal heart rate and rhythm, allowing your heart to pump better.


Question: How can chemical cardioversion help with treating atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Chemical cardioversion: If your arrhythmia isn't an emergency, a doctor will usually use medication to get your heart back to normal. This is called chemical or pharmacologic cardioversion. You typically get the medicine through an IV while doctors check your heart. But sometimes, people can take it as a pill.


Question: What are the concerns about cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: It might make things worse: It's unlikely, but there's a small chance that cardioversion could damage your heart or lead to more arrhythmias. Irritated skin: This often happens where the paddles are applied. The doctor can give you a cream to treat it.


Question: What is the success rate of chemical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Chemical cardioversion: You should know quickly if it works. It usually takes effect within hours, but sometimes it takes days. If it doesn't work for you, the doctor might suggest electrical cardioversion.


Question: How can electrical cardioversion help with treating for AFib?

Answer: Electrical cardioversion gives shocks through paddles to regulate your heartbeat. First, you'll get medicine to make you fall asleep. Then, your doctor will put the paddles on your chest, and sometimes your back. These will give you a mild electrical shock to get your heart's rhythm back to normal. Most people only need one. Because you're sedated, you probably won't remember being shocked. You can usually go home the same day.


Question: How does cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AFib) cause blood clots?

Answer: Blood clots: Either kind of cardioversion could knock loose blood clots created from your abnormal heartbeat. Before the procedure, your doctor may do a type of ultrasound to look for blood clots in your heart. You'll probably get medicine to take for 3-4 weeks before and after the procedure to help prevent blood clots.


Question: Are antidepressants used to treat bipolar depression?

Answer: While antidepressants are effective treatment for people with major depressive (unipolar) disorder, they are not always as effective for bipolar depression, and generally should not be given alone (monotherapy) in people with bipolar I disorder. When antidepressants are given alone to someone with bipolar disorder, there's a risk the drug might ignite a manic episode in some patients.


Question: Is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) a viable treatment for bipolar depression?

Answer: Guidelines from the American Psychiatric Association suggest that ECT is an appropriate and sometimes preferred treatment for depressed bipolar patients who have psychotic symptoms or a very high risk for suicidal behavior. In addition, ECT may benefit women who are pregnant and suffer with severe bipolar depression or mania.


Question: How do the CNS depressants help with bipolar disorder depression?

Answer: CNS depressants are commonly used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders and may be an effective alternative or adjunctive therapy in some bipolar patients with acute mania. Some commonly used benzodiazepines include clonazepam ( Klonopin), lorazepam ( Ativan), alprazolam ( Xanax), and diazepam ( Valium). These drugs all can be addictive and can cause sluggish thinking. They generally should be used only to treat agitation or sleep problems during the acute phase of the illness and not as long-term medications. They typically should be tapered off rather than stopped abruptly, in order to minimize the risk of drug withdrawal.


Question: Can psychotherapy  help with bipolar depression?

Answer: In addition, ECT may benefit women who are pregnant and suffer with severe bipolar depression or mania. Along with medications for bipolar depression, patients may benefit from ongoing psychotherapy. This one-on-one therapy combines interpersonal psychotherapy with behavioral techniques to help patients learn how to more effectively manage interpersonal problems, stay on their medications, and normalize their lifestyle habits. The STEP- BD study mentioned earlier found that in addition to medications, adding a structured psychotherapy -- such as cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal/social rhythm therapy, or family-focused therapy -- can speed up treatment response in bipolar depression by as much as 150%.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: There are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose schizoaffective disorder. So doctors rely on your medical history and your answers to certain questions.


Question: What are symptoms of depression in schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: In order to get diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, you must have: Periods of uninterrupted illness An episode of mania, major depression, or a mix of both Symptoms of schizophrenia At least two periods of psychotic symptoms, each lasting 2 weeks.


Question: What is the definition of bipolar disorder?

Answer: Schizoaffective disorder has the features of schizophrenia, like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, along with those of a mood disorder, like mania and depression.


Question: What is the definition of schizophrenia?

Answer: Brain chemistry and structure: If you have schizophrenia and mood disorders, you might have problems with brain circuits that manage mood and thinking.


Question: How can you diagnose someone with schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: In order to get diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, you must have: Periods of uninterrupted illness An episode of mania, major depression, or a mix of both Symptoms of schizophrenia At least two periods of psychotic symptoms, each lasting 2 weeks. One of the episodes must happen without depressive or manic symptoms.


Question: When do you need hospitalization for schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Hospitalization: Psychotic episodes may require a hospital stay, especially if you're suicidal or threaten to hurt others.


Question: How does skills training treat schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Skills training: This generally focuses on work and social skills, grooming and self-care, and other day-to-day activities, including money and home management.


Question: What is the definition of depression?

Answer: People who have it often have problems with substance use as well.


Question: How does psychotherapy treat schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Psychotherapy: The goal of this type of counseling is to help you learn about your illness, set goals, and manage everyday problems related to the disorder. Family therapy can help families get better at relating to and helping a loved one who has schizoaffective disorder.


Question: What causes schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Scientists don't know for sure if schizoaffective disorder is related mainly to schizophrenia or a mood disorder. But it's usually viewed and treated as a combination of both conditions.


Question: Can you prevent schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: But if you're diagnosed and start treatment ASAP, it can help you avoid or ease frequent relapses and hospitalizations, and help cut the disruptions in your life, family, and friendships.


Question: What can cause schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Trouble at work, school, or in social settings Scientists don't know the exact cause. Risk factors for schizoaffective disorder include: Genetics: You may inherit a tendency to get features linked to schizoaffective disorder from your parents. Brain chemistry and structure: If you have schizophrenia and mood disorders, you might have problems with brain circuits that manage mood and thinking. Schizophrenia is also tied to lower levels of dopamine, a brain chemical that also helps manage these tasks. Environment: Some scientists think things like viral infections or highly stressful situations could play a part in getting schizoaffective disorder if you're at risk for it. How that happens isn't clear.


Question: What are symptoms of schizophrenia in schizoaffective disorder?

Answer: Schizoaffective disorder has the features of schizophrenia, like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, along with those of a mood disorder, like mania and depression.


Question: How is schizoaffective disorder often misdiagnosed?

Answer: Because schizoaffective disorder combines symptoms that reflect two mental illnesses, it's easily confused with other psychotic or mood disorders. Some doctors may diagnose schizophrenia. Others may think it's a mood disorder. As a result, it's hard to know how many people actually have schizoaffective disorder. It's probably less common than either schizophrenia or mood disorders alone.


Question: How do I find out the cause of my wheezing?

Answer: For example, if you have no history of lung disease and you always wheeze after eating a certain food or at a certain time of year, the doctor may suspect that you have a food or respiratory allergy. The doctor will listen to your lungs with a stethoscope to hear where the wheezing is and how much wheezing you have. If this is the first time you've been evaluated, your doctor will probably ask you to perform a breathing test (spirometry) and may also order a chest X-ray. Other blood tests and procedures may be necessary, depending on what the doctor learns from interviewing and examining you. If it seems like allergies may be related to your wheezing, there are a variety of other tests your doctor may use to verify allergies, including skin testing or blood tests. First off, see a doctor to determine the cause of your wheezing and then receive treatment for the specific cause.


Question: When should you call 911 about wheezing?

Answer: In emergencies, a medical team may administer any of the following: A shot of epinephrine to open clogged respiratory passages Oxygen A corticosteroid (such as methylprednisolone or prednisone) Frequent or continuous nebulizer (breathing) treatments A mechanical ventilator to help you breathe


Question: What are the treatments for wheezing if it is caused by asthma?

Answer: First off, see a doctor to determine the cause of your wheezing and then receive treatment for the specific cause. If wheezing is caused by asthma, your doctor may recommend some or all of the following to reduce inflammation and open the airways: A fast-acting bronchodilator inhaler -- albuterol ( Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA), levalbuterol ( Xopenex) -- to dilate constricted airways when you have respiratory symptoms An inhaled corticosteroid -- beclomethasone ( Qvar), budesonide ( Pulmicort), ciclesonide ( Alvesco), flunisolide ( Aerospan), fluticasone ( Flovent), mometasone ( Asmanex) A long-acting bronchodilator/corticosteroid combination -- budesonide/formoterol ( Symbicort), fluticasone/salmeterol ( Advair) A long-acting anticholinergic -- tiotropium bromide ( Spiriva Respimat). This drug is used in addition to a regular maintenance medication for better symptom control, and is available for use by anyone age 6 years and older. An asthma controller pill to reduce airway inflammation -- montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate) A non-sedating antihistamine pill -- cetirizine ( Zyrtec), fexofenadine ( Allegra), loratadine ( Claritin, Alavert) -- or a prescription nasal spray -- budesonide ( Rhinocort), fluticasone propionate ( Flonase), mometasone furoate ( Nasonex), triamcinolone acetonide ( Nasacort AQ) -- if you have nasal allergies. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24 HR and Rhinocort Allergy are also available over the counter.


Question: What are the treatments for wheezing if it is caused by acute bronchitis?

Answer: If you have acute bronchitis, your doctor may recommend some or all of the following: A bronchodilator -- albuterol ( Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA), levalbuterol, ( Xopenex) -- to help ease the wheezing as the infection clears. An antibiotic is usually not needed unless you have an underlying chronic lung problem or your doctor suspects a bacterial infection may be present. Generally, any mild wheezing that accompanies acute bronchitis disappears when the infection does.


Question: When should you call 911 if someone breaks a bone in their face?

Answer: The person has difficulty breathing. The upper and lower jaws don't meet properly. There is an open wound with exposed bone. The person has blurred or double vision or trouble moving his or her eyeballs.


Question: How can you control pain and swelling from facial fracture?

Answer: Keep the person's face elevated to allow blood to drain. Apply ice for swelling.


Question: When should you get help for facial fracture?

Answer: You need to see a health care provider for a facial fracture, including broken nose, jaw, cheekbone, or eye socket.


Question: What is the outlook for costochondritis?

Answer: Noninfectious costochondritis will go away on its own, with or without anti-inflammatory treatment. Most people will recover fully. Infectious costochondritis responds well to IV antibiotics and surgical repair, but recovery may take a long time.


Question: What tests are used to determine if an infection is causing costochondritis?

Answer: To determine if infection is the cause of chest pain, doctors will: Look for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, pus, and drainage at the site of surgery Order a more sophisticated imaging study of the chest called a gallium scan, which will show increased uptake of the radioactive material gallium in an area of infection Check the white blood cell count to see if it is elevated, a sign of infection Order a chest X-ray if pneumonia is a suspected cause of chest pain Order an ECG and other tests if a heart problem is suspected Costochondritis is a less common cause of chest pain in adults but occurs fairly frequently in people who have had cardiac surgery.


Question: How does costochondritis differ from Tietze syndrome?

Answer: Tietze syndrome is often referred to as costochondritis, but the two are distinct conditions. You can tell the difference by noting the following: Tietze syndrome is rare. It usually comes on abruptly, with chest pain radiating to your arms or shoulder and lasting several weeks. Tietze syndrome is accompanied by a localized swelling at the painful area (the junction of the ribs and breastbone).


Question: How can you prevent costochondritis?

Answer: Costochondritis is an inflammatory process but usually has no definite cause.


Question: What are some home remedies for costochondritis?

Answer: The following home remedies may provide relief from costochondritis: Taking pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve) as needed Using local heat or ice to relieve pain Avoiding unnecessary exercise or activities that make the symptoms worse; avoiding contact sports until there is improvement in symptoms, and then returning to normal activities only as tolerated Doing stretching exercises Costochondritis responds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin) and naproxen ( Aleve).


Question: When should you go to a hospital for costochondritis?

Answer: Call the doctor for any of the following symptoms: Trouble breathing High fever Signs of infection such as redness, pus, and increased swelling at the rib joints Continuing or worsening pain despite medication Nausea Sweating Dizziness Go to a hospital's emergency room if you have difficulty breathing or any of the following symptoms occur. These symptoms are generally not associated with costochondritis: High fever not responding to fever-reducers such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil) Signs of infection at the tender spot, such as pus, redness, increased pain, and swelling Persistent chest pain of any type associated with nausea, sweating, left arm pain, or any generalized chest pain that is not well localized. These may be signs of a heart attack. If you are not sure what is causing your condition, always go to the emergency room.


Question: How is costochondritis compared to Tietze syndrome?

Answer: Although some doctors use the terms costochondritis and Tietze syndrome interchangeably, Tietze syndrome has a sudden onset without any preceding respiratory illness or any history of minor trauma. In Tietze syndrome, there is frequently radiation of pain to arms and shoulders, as well as pain and tenderness associated with swelling at the spot that hurts.


Question: When should you call the doctor for costochondritis?

Answer: Call the doctor for any of the following symptoms: Trouble breathing High fever Signs of infection such as redness, pus, and increased swelling at the rib joints Continuing or worsening pain despite medication Nausea Sweating Dizziness Go to a hospital's emergency room if you have difficulty breathing or any of the following symptoms occur.


Question: How common is costochondritis in children?

Answer: Costochondritis (with unknown cause) is a common cause of chest pain in children and adolescents. It accounts for 10% to 30% of all chest pain in children. Annually, doctors evaluate about 650,000 cases of chest pain in young people ages 10 to 21. The peak age for the condition is ages 12-14.


Question: What are eye-related symptoms of Graves' disease?

Answer: Graves' ophthalmopathy can cause a wide range of issues with your eyes. Some people might have a little redness and minor pain, while others have strong swelling, dryness, and more severe pain. It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. In rare cases, you can have double vision or other problems with your sight.


Question: How are eye problems related to Graves' disease diagnosed?

Answer: If you know you have Graves', your doctor should be able to find out if you have the eye problem with a standard eye exam. In some cases, you may need blood tests, or imaging tests like a computerized tomography ( CT) scan or a magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan. With a CT scan, X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to make a more complete picture. And an MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make detailed images. If you haven't been diagnosed with Graves' disease, step one probably will be to get your thyroid hormone levels checked with a simple blood test.


Question: Why do people with Graves' disease have eye issues?

Answer: About half of people with Graves' disease notice some eye issues, and some have severe vision problems. Experts think this happens because the tissues in your eyes have proteins like ones in your thyroid gland. The problem is known as Graves' eye disease or Graves' ophthalmopathy. Doctors don't think it can be prevented, but you're more likely to get it -- and have a worse case of it -- if you smoke.


Question: What are the symptoms of eye problems related to Graves' disease?

Answer: Graves' ophthalmopathy can cause a wide range of issues with your eyes. Some people might have a little redness and minor pain, while others have strong swelling, dryness, and more severe pain. It's also possible to have bulging eyes -- because your muscles swell and your eyes are pushed out -- and pressure may build up in your eye socket. In rare cases, you can have double vision or other problems with your sight. Most people with the condition notice eye symptoms within 6 months (before or after) of being diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. People who have severe hyperthyroidism aren't necessarily more likely to have eye trouble than those who have milder cases.


Question: If I think I'm getting Graves' disease and it's affecting my eyes, what kind of doctor do I need to see?

Answer: If you think you may be developing Graves' ophthalmopathy, you may need to see both an endocrinologist (a doctor who specializes in problems with hormones) and an ophthalmologist (eye doctor). If you know you have Graves', your doctor should be able to find out if you have the eye problem with a standard eye exam.


Question: How are eye problems related to Graves' disease treated?

Answer: A number of things can help: Artificial tears, gels, and ointments can go a long way toward easing dryness. If you have a lot of swelling -- especially if it leads to double vision or loss of vision -- you might need to take a steroid called prednisone for a few weeks to bring the swelling down. In the rare cases when these don't work, your doctor might recommend surgery to remove some tissue from your eye socket or radiation therapy, where high-energy X-rays are aimed at the eye muscle. Graves' ophthalmopathy tends to get better after a few years, but you may have eye problems that need to be corrected with surgery. For example, you might need surgery to ease pain and pressure on your optic nerve, fix the alignment of your eye muscles, or make sure your eyelids cover and protect your eyes.