Question: What bone marrow tests might you get to help diagnose myelofibrosis?

Answer: They include: Bone marrow aspiration: The doctor uses a needle to remove a small sample of your bone marrow. Bone marrow biopsy: With a different needle, he removes a tiny piece of bone filled with marrow. He'll probably take it from your hip. The numbers and types of cells in the marrow will help him decide if you have myelofibrosis.


Question: What is the starfish sleeping position?

Answer: You're on your back for this one, too, but your legs are spread apart and your arms are bent up on either side of your head. Like "soldier," this position can help with acid reflux, but it also makes you more likely to snore and can aggravate sleep apnea.


Question: What is the fetal sleeping position?

Answer: The most popular way to sleep is favored by more than 4 out of 10 people, especially among women, who are twice as likely as men to sleep curled up on their side. For the most part, it's a healthy way to doze, because it allows your spine to rest in its natural alignment. The fetal position might also help ward off conditions like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's: Recent research on animals suggests that your brain does a better job of clearing waste that can lead to these neurological diseases when you're sleeping on your side rather than on your back or stomach. This position's also good for pregnant women. You should stick to lying on your left side while expecting. It improves circulation to your growing baby and prevents your uterus from pressing against your liver.


Question: What is the log sleeping position?

Answer: Do you sleep on your side but with both arms down, close to your body? You're in fairly good company, too: 15% of people prefer to catch their ZZZs in the log position. And that's great, because it's good for your health. Resting on your side, with your back mostly straight, can help cut down on sleep apnea. It can also nix neck and back pain since your spine stays aligned.


Question: How can you tell if a food allergy is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: Sometimes throwing up is a sign your child is allergic to food she's eaten. Throwing up may be her only symptom, but there could also be others, like trouble breathing, hives, repetitive cough, wheezing, or trouble swallowing. Nine out of 10 allergic reactions are linked to the following foods: Peanuts Tree nuts (almonds, cashews, or walnuts, for example) Fish Shellfish (shrimp, for example) Eggs Milk Wheat Soy Very young babies who try milk, soy, certain grains, and some other solid foods for the first time are at risk for something called âfood protein-induced enterocolitis syndromeâ ( FPIES). It shows up 2 to 6 hours after they eat and makes them throw up many times. They may also have bloody diarrhea. Take your child to the doctor right away if you suspect she has FPIES.


Question: How can you tell if food poisoning is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: Anytime germs hitch a ride on food your kids eat, there's a chance they could get a food-borne illness (food poisoning). Some of the bacteria that usually hide in food are: Salmonella Listeria Campylobacter E. coli You can get food poisoning from almost any food, especially if it hasn't been cooked or stored correctly. The most common culprits are: Meat Poultry Eggs Shellfish Unwashed vegetables, like lettuce Your child might start throwing up within a couple of hours of eating contaminated food. Sometimes it can take a day or two for symptoms to show up. Usually, your child will also have nausea, watery diarrhea, and stomach pain. It's possible for food poisoning to cause fever, but it's common for it to cause throwing up with no fever, too. Symptoms can last anywhere from a couple of hours to several days.


Question: How can you tell if stress is causing your child to throw up?

Answer: It's true -- some kids throw up when they're stressed. It may be because some other health problem, such as an ear infection, is bothering them. Or your child might throw up after crying for a long time. A good way to tell if the throwing up is stress-related is if it happens only once or twice and they don't have any other symptoms like stomach pain or diarrhea.


Question: When should I immediately go to the hospital to treat lung cancer?

Answer: See a health care provider as soon as possible if you develop any of the following: Any symptom of lung cancer New cough or change in an existing cough Hemoptysis (flecks of blood in your sputum when coughing) Unexplained weight loss Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Go immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department if any of the following occur: Coughing up a large amount of blood Sudden shortness of breath Sudden weakness Sudden vision problems Persistent chest pain


Question: When should I see a health care provider for lung cancer?

Answer: See a health care provider as soon as possible if you develop any of the following: Any symptom of lung cancer New cough or change in an existing cough Hemoptysis (flecks of blood in your sputum when coughing) Unexplained weight loss Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Go immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department if any of the following occur: Coughing up a large amount of blood Sudden shortness of breath Sudden weakness Sudden vision problems Persistent chest pain


Question: What is a tuberculin skin test for solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)?

Answer: The test involves injecting the tuberculin antigen (a substance that triggers the immune system to produce cells that attack and try to destroy the antigen) into the skin and observing the body's response. If the injection site swells and reddens, there is a chance that the SPN has been caused by tuberculosis.


Question: what is a bronchoscopy for a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)?

Answer: Bronchoscopy: This procedure is used for SPNs that are situated closer to the walls of the airways. A bronchoscope (a thin, flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera at the end) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the windpipe. From there, it can be inserted into the airways (bronchi) of the lungs. During bronchoscopy, the health care professional takes a biopsy sample from the SPN. If the lesion is not easily accessible on the airway wall or is smaller than 2 cm in diameter, a needle biopsy may be performed. This procedure is called a transbronchial needle aspiration ( TBNA) biopsy.


Question: Does climate change produce actual nerve damage in patients with multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It is important to remember that while climate may worsen the symptoms of MS, climate changes do not produce more actual nerve damage. The adverse effects of temperature and humidity are generally temporary. However, it can take longer (a few days) to recover if you get overheated.


Question: How can being active help with hepatitis C?

Answer: It can also help with the depression that some hepatitis medications can cause. Of course, a trip to the gym may feel like the last thing you want to do. One of the main symptoms of hepatitis C is fatigue. When you're tired, it might seem like a workout would only drain you more. But it actually helps you get more energy. The CDC suggests you get 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least 5 days a week. If that's too much for you, start with 10 minutes and work your way up. Check in with your doctor about a workout plan before you start it to make sure it's safe for you.


Question: What should I eat if I have hepatitis C?

Answer: What should you be eating? The same diet everyone should follow for good health. That means lots of fruits and vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains. You should also cut back on fatty foods, salt, and sugar. If you want to try a diet that sounds too good to be true, check it out with your doctor first. Some people with hepatitis C find that the disease makes them less hungry. If this happens to you, you don't have to force down a big breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Eat smaller meals more often throughout the day.


Question: How can alcohol affect my hepatitis C?

Answer: It can damage your liver. That's why it's especially risky for people with a liver infection like hepatitis C. But doctors don't agree about whether you should stop drinking or just cut down. Some say that you should cut out all alcohol. Others feel it's OK to limit it to a glass of wine with dinner or a beer at the ballgame. No one with hepatitis C should drink regularly, though. Ask your doctor whether you can drink alcohol and, if so, how much is safe.


Question: What are causes for pericardial effusion?

Answer: In most cases, inflammation of the sac, a condition called pericarditis, leads to the effusion. As it becomes inflamed, more fluid is produced. Viral infections are one of the main causes of the inflammation and the effusions it leads to. These infections include: Cytomegalovirus Coxsackieviruses Echoviruses HIV Other conditions that can cause these effusions include: Cancer Injury to the sac or heart from a medical procedure Heart attack Severe kidney failure, also called uremia Autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) Bacterial infections, including tuberculosis In many cases, no cause can be found. Your doctor may call these idiopathic pericardial effusions.


Question: What medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions?

Answer: Some medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions, like: HIV infection Lupus Tuberculosis In these cases, treating the underlying medical condition will often help treat the effusion.


Question: What are symptoms of pericardial effusion?

Answer: When inflammation of the sac causes a pericardial effusion, the main symptom is chest pain. It may get worse when you breathe deeply and better when you lean forward. Other symptoms may include: Fever Fatigue Muscle aches Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (if you have a virus) When there's no inflammation of the sac, there are often no symptoms.


Question: How is drainage done for a pericardial effusion?

Answer: In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately. Drainage is done in two ways: Pericardiocentesis: A doctor inserts a needle through the chest into the pericardial effusion. A catheter is put into the fluid, and it's suctioned out. Pericardiectomy or pericardial window: A surgeon makes an incision in the chest, reaches in, and cuts away part of the pericardium. This drains the pericardial effusion and usually prevents it from coming back.


Question: How can a complete blood count help diagnose emphysema?

Answer: This simple blood test usually shows normal amounts of white and red blood cells. In advanced emphysema, your body produces more red blood cells to make up for decreased oxygen. These cells carry oxygen. If your white blood cell count is higher than normal, that's a possible sign of infection.


Question: How is a pulmonary function test (PFT) done to diagnose emphysema?

Answer: For this exam, you may sit inside an enclosed booth and breathe into a tube. This will allow your doctor to measure: How much air your lungs can hold How fast you can blow air out of your lungs How much air stays trapped in your lungs after you exhale Whether you're able to breathe better after using medicines you inhale, such as albuterol If you have normal lungs, you'll likely be able to empty most of the air from them in 1 second. If you have emphysema, it'll probably take longer.


Question: What are the effects of radiation treatment for testicular cancer?

Answer: This treatment uses X-rays or other high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. Radiation may make you feel very tired. You may throw up -- or feel like you're going to -- or have diarrhea. These are side effects. If you have a testicle left, doctors will try to protect it during radiation. But the treatment can affect your sperm count. There's a bigger chance you will be infertile afterward. As with surgery, you might want to ask your doctor about banking your sperm before you start radiation.


Question: Do I have to go back for follow-up tests after testicular cancer treatment?

Answer: Your follow-ups usually will be scheduled every few months in the first few years, then less often over time. You can expect to get blood tests, scans, and other procedures to make sure your cancer hasn't come back.


Question: What lifestyle changes can I make to help with testicular cancer treatment?

Answer: Good eating habits, sleep, and exercise can also help you through treatment. If you smoke, you'll probably want to ask your doctor for help quitting.


Question: Will I survive testicular cancer?

Answer: About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after it's diagnosed. That gives you plenty of room to think about your life after surgery.


Question: Can I still have sex if my lymph nodes are removed from testicular cancer?

Answer: If your doctor found that your cancer spread beyond the testicle, he may have taken out some of the lymph nodes in your abdomen as well. The procedure has a longer recovery and a higher chance of complications than removing a testicle. But you can still get erections and have sex after this kind of surgery.


Question: How can my doctor help me if my testicles are removed from testicular cancer?

Answer: If you still hope to father children, you might want to talk to your doctor about saving, or âbanking,â some of your sperm before surgery. Testosterone supplements, most often given through injections, skin patches or a gel, can boost levels of that hormone.


Question: Can I get a fake testicle if mine is removed because of testicular cancer?

Answer: After surgery, you may have concerns about how you look to a sexual partner, or in a locker room. Some men who have a testicle removed get a prosthetic, or artificial, testicle. A doctor can place one in the scrotum so you'll look and feel more like you did before. Most of these are made of silicone rubber on the outside. Inside they are filled with either saline, which is salt water, or a silicone gel.


Question: Can lymph node removal cause issues with sex?

Answer: One possible problem is your nerves that control ejaculation during sex might be damaged. If that happens, it can cause something called retrograde ejaculation: Your semen spurts backward into the bladder instead of forward through the penis. Doctors have found ways of avoiding those nerves. Talk with your doctor about this before surgery.


Question: Can you still father children if you have had testicular cancer?

Answer: If you had just one testicle taken out, you should be able to get erect and have sex after you recover. If both of them have to be removed, you can no longer make sperm or father children. And since the testicles also make the male hormone testosterone, you might have a lower sex drive.


Question: What happens if I get a woman pregnant and I have testicular cancer?

Answer: If you need chemotherapy or radiation after surgery, you should not try to get a woman pregnant. There's a greater chance of birth defects or health problems while you're going for treatments. You may want to wear a condom. Once your treatment is done, the chance of childbirth problems goes back to normal. Ask your doctor about how long to wait before trying to father a baby.


Question: Where can I go for support if I have testicular cancer?

Answer: Life with cancer can bring up strong emotions, even if your treatment goes well. You might have scars, lose your hair, lose weight or strength, or watch your body change in other ways that affect your mood. There are many groups that can connect you with people who have gone through the same thing. They can give advice, help you learn more about your illness or just provide moral support.


Question: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for testicular cancer?

Answer: The side effects of chemo can differ from one person to another, but you might: Feel sick in your stomach Lose hair Have less energy Have more chance of infection Have problems with your kidneys, lungs, or nerves Your doctor has ways to ease these. Talk with him about that before you start treatment.


Question: Can medications prevent exercise-induced asthma?

Answer: Asthma inhalers or bronchodilators used prior to exercise can control and prevent exercise-induced asthma symptoms. The preferred asthma medications are short-acting beta-2 agonists such asalbuterol. Taken 10 minutes before exercise, thesemedicationscan prevent the airways from contracting and help control exercise-induced asthma.


Question: What are the best exercises for someone with asthma?

Answer: Activities that involve short, intermittent periods of exertion, such as volleyball, gymnastics, baseball, walking, and wrestling, are generally well tolerated by people with exercise-induced asthma. Activities that involve long periods of exertion, like soccer, distance running, basketball, and field hockey, may be less well tolerated, as are cold weather sports like ice hockey, cross-country skiing, and ice skating. However, many people with asthma are able to fully participate in these activities. Swimming, which is a strong endurance sport, is generallybetter tolerated by those with asthma because it is usually performed in a warm, moist air environment.


Question: When are symptoms of exercise-induced asthma?

Answer: This results in symptoms of exercise-induced asthma, which include: Coughing with asthma Tightening of the chest Wheezing Unusual fatigue while exercising Shortness of breath when exercising The symptoms of exercise-induced asthma generally begin within 5 to 20 minutes after the start of exercise, or 5 to 10 minutes after brief exercise has stopped. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms with exercise, inform your doctor.


Question: Why does exercise trigger asthma?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } During normal breathing, the air we take in is first warmed and moistened by the nasal passages. Because people tend to breathe through their mouths when they exercise, they are inhaling colder and drier air. In exercise-induced asthma, the muscle bands around the airways are sensitive to these changes in temperature and humidity and react by contracting, which narrows the airway.


Question: How can antioxidants help with treating Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: But there are no vitamins or supplements proven to prevent, stop, or slow down Alzheimer's. The foods you eat do matter for your brain health, and they're the best way to get nutrients. If you're looking to try supplements, tell your doctor first to make sure that they're not likely to have side effects or cause problems with any other medicines you take. These nutrients protect your body from molecules called âfree radicalsâ that damage cells and can cause cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's. There are a lot of different antioxidants, like beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and resveratrol. They are in plant foods, such as berries, greens, tea, and bell peppers.


Question: How can you treat a first-degree burn?

Answer: Treat Pain Give over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), or naproxen ( Aleve).


Question: How can you protect a second-degree burn?

Answer: Protect Burn Cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage and secure in place with gauze or tape.


Question: How can you cool a first-degree burn?

Answer: Cool Burn Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immerse in cool water until pain subsides. Use compresses if running water isn't available.


Question: How can a doctor help with treating a second-degree burn?

Answer: See a Doctor The doctor can test burn severity, prescribe antibiotics and pain medications, and administer a tetanus shot, if needed.


Question: What should you do to treat a third-degree burn?

Answer: Call 911 2. Protect Burn Area Cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage or, for large areas, a sheet or other material that that won't leave lint in wound. Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile dressings. Do not soak burn in water or apply ointments or butter, which can cause infection.


Question: When should you see a doctor for a first-degree burn?

Answer: When to See a Doctor Seek medical help if: You see signs of infection, like increased pain, redness, swelling, fever, or oozing.


Question: How can you prevent shock from second-degree burn?

Answer: Prevent Shock Unless the person has a head, neck, or leg injury, or it would cause discomfort: Lay the person flat. Elevate feet about 12 inches. Elevate burn area above heart level, if possible. Cover the person with coat or blanket.


Question: When should you call 911 for a thermal burn?

Answer: The skin is leathery or charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches.


Question: What are anti-leukotriene drugs for asthma?

Answer: Montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate), and zileuton ( Zyflo) are pills that help long-term asthma control. These drugs shut down the effects of molecules called leukotrienes, which trigger airway inflammation.


Question: How can I prevent cellulitis?

Answer: Practice good personal hygiene and keep your skin clean. Wear sturdy, well-fitting shoes or slippers with loose-fitting cotton socks. Avoid walking barefoot outdoors. Wash injured skin with soap and water. Make sure it heals over the next few days.


Question: What are the symptoms of cellulitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You're at risk if you have: Trauma to the skin Diabetes Circulatory problems, such as not enough blood flow to your arms and legs, poor drainage of your veins or lymphatic system, or varicose veins -- twisted, enlarged veins near the surface of the skin Liver disease such as chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis Skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, or infectious diseases that cause sores, such as chickenpox Injuries that tear the skin Infections after surgery Long-term skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis Foreign objects in the skin Bone infections underneath the skin. ( An example is a long-standing, open wound that is deep enough to expose the bone to bacteria.)


Question: What are common symptoms of cellulitis?

Answer: Cellulitis can appear on almost any part of the body. It usually shows up on damaged skin such as inflamed wounds, dirty cuts, and areas with poor circulation. It needs to be treated by a doctor. Common symptoms include: Redness Red streaking Swelling Warmth Pain or tenderness Leaking of yellow, clear fluid or pus Go to the emergency room if you have any of the following: High fever or chills Nausea and vomiting Enlarging or hardening of the reddened area Increased pain Numbness of the area when touched Other medical problems that may be affected by even a minor infection Your doctor will do a medical history and physical exam.


Question: When should I contact my doctor about cellulitis?

Answer: Some injuries are at greater risk for cellulitis than others. Be sure to contact your doctor if you have: Animal or human bites Puncture wounds deeper than a half-inch, such as from stepping on a nail Crushed tissue that bleeds Burns that blister Frostbite Deep injuries with dirt in them Injuries that touch sea water (making them more prone to infection), especially if you have liver disease Diabetes or other significant medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease Swelling in your arms and legs that does not go away Most people with cellulitis respond to the antibiotics in 2 to 3 days and begin to improve.


Question: What exams and tests do doctors use to treat cellulitis?

Answer: Common symptoms include: Redness Red streaking Swelling Warmth Pain or tenderness Leaking of yellow, clear fluid or pus Go to the emergency room if you have any of the following: High fever or chills Nausea and vomiting Enlarging or hardening of the reddened area Increased pain Numbness of the area when touched Other medical problems that may be affected by even a minor infection Your doctor will do a medical history and physical exam. Additional procedures include: A blood test if the infection is suspected to have spread to your blood An X-ray if there's a foreign object in the skin or the bone underneath is possibly infected A culture. Your doctor will use a needle to draw fluid from the affected area and send it to the lab.


Question: Who's at risk for cellulitis?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You're at risk if you have: Trauma to the skin Diabetes Circulatory problems, such as not enough blood flow to your arms and legs, poor drainage of your veins or lymphatic system, or varicose veins -- twisted, enlarged veins near the surface of the skin Liver disease such as chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis Skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, or infectious diseases that cause sores, such as chickenpox Injuries that tear the skin Infections after surgery Long-term skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis Foreign objects in the skin Bone infections underneath the skin.


Question: How much medical care is accounted for by ear infections in the U.S.?

Answer: Among the bacteria most often found in infected middle ears are the same varieties responsible for many cases of sinusitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections.


Question: What can untreated ear infections lead to?

Answer: Untreated, ear infections can lead to more serious complications, including mastoiditis (a rare inflammation of a bone adjacent to the ear), hearing loss, perforation of the eardrum, meningitis, facial nerve paralysis, and possibly -- in adults -- Meniere's disease.


Question: How does a doctor see an ear infection?

Answer: When the doctor looks at the eardrum, he or she will see that it is red, often bulging, and be able to make the diagnosis of an ear infection.


Question: Is there a vaccine that can prevent ear infections?

Answer: Among the bacteria most often found in infected middle ears are the same varieties responsible for many cases of sinusitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery (ear, nose, and throat physicians), the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is very effective against several strains of the most common bacteria that cause ear infections. This vaccine is routinely given to infants and toddlers to prevent meningitis, pneumonia, and blood infections. Your child's doctor should advise you on the use of this vaccine, which may help to prevent at least some ear infections.


Question: What does it mean if an ear infection is recurring?

Answer: If the condition clears up but comes back as many as three times in a 6-month period (or four times in a single year), the person is said to have recurrent ear infections (recurrent acute otitis media). This usually indicates the Eustachian tube isn't working well. A fluid buildup in the middle ear without infection is termed otitis media with effusion, a condition where fluid stays in the ear because it is not well ventilated, but germs have not started to grow.


Question: What happens if an ear infection is left untreated?

Answer: Untreated, ear infections can lead to more serious complications, including mastoiditis (a rare inflammation of a bone adjacent to the ear), hearing loss, perforation of the eardrum, meningitis, facial nerve paralysis, and possibly -- in adults -- Meniere's disease.


Question: How can children get ear infections?

Answer: Allergies, post nasal drainage, sinus infections, common cold viruses and adenoid problems can all interfere with the Eustachian tube's ability to let air pass into the middle ear.


Question: Who is most likely to get ear infections?

Answer: In recent years, scientists have identified the characteristics of people most likely to suffer recurrent middle ear infections: Males Individuals with a family history of ear infections Babies who are bottle-fed formula (babies who are fed breastmilk have fewer ear infections) Children who attend day care centers People living in households with tobacco smokers People with abnormalities of the palate, such as a cleft palate People with poor immune systems or chronic respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and asthma


Question: What is an ear infection?

Answer: For children, the most common trigger of an ear infection is an upper respiratory viral infection, such as a cold or the flu.


Question: What causes an ear infection?

Answer: The middle ear is a small space behind the ear drum that is supposed to be well ventilated by air that normally passes up from behind the nose, through the Eustachian tube, keeping the middle ear clean and dry. When there is not enough fresh air ventilating the middle ear, such as when the Eustachian tube is clogged or blocked, the area becomes damp, stagnant, and warm, a perfect breeding ground for germs.


Question: How is an ear infection diagnosed?

Answer: When the doctor looks at the eardrum, he or she will see that it is red, often bulging, and be able to make the diagnosis of an ear infection.


Question: What are the grades of prostate cancer?

Answer: Grade 1. The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. Grades 2 to 4. Some cells do look like normal prostate cells, others do not. Patterns of cells in these grades vary. Grade 5. The cells appear abnormal and do not look like normal prostate cells. They appear to be scattered haphazardly throughout the prostate.


Question: How can I keep my toes from getting infected if I have diabetes?

Answer: Cut toenails after bathing, when they are soft. Trim them straight across, then smooth with a nail file. Avoid cutting into the corners of toes. You may want a podiatrist (foot doctor) to do it for you. Don't cut cuticles.


Question: What kind of shoes should people with diabetes wear?

Answer: People with diabetes should wear shoes that have: Closed toes and heels An outer sole made of stiff material Leather uppers without a seam inside Insides that are soft with no rough areas Don't wait to treat a minor foot problem if you have diabetes.


Question: How do I avoid runner's foot if I have diabetes?

Answer: Walk and work out in comfortable shoes. Don't exercise when you have open sores on your feet.


Question: How often should I wash my feet if I have diabetes?

Answer: Use mild soaps and warm water. Pat your skin dry; do not rub. Thoroughly dry your feet. After washing, put lotion on them to prevent cracking.


Question: How should someone be careful when exercising?

Answer: You have to take care of your feet when you have diabetes.


Question: When should someone talk to their doctor about foot problems?

Answer: Your doctor should look at your feet during each visit. Give him a call when you notice problems such as: Athlete's foot (cracking between the toes) Sores or wounds on your feet Ingrown toenails Increasing numbness or pain Calluses Redness Blackening of skin Bunions Infection Hammer toes (when the middle joint of toes is permanently bent downward)


Question: Why do people with diabetes have more foot problems?

Answer: You have to take care of your feet when you have diabetes. Poor foot care may lead to amputation of a foot or leg. Your doctor will check yours each year for problems. If you take good care of your feet, you can prevent most serious problems related to diabetes.


Question: What are some qualities of good shoe choices?

Answer: People with diabetes should wear shoes that have: Closed toes and heels An outer sole made of stiff material Leather uppers without a seam inside Insides that are soft with no rough areas Don't wait to treat a minor foot problem if you have diabetes.


Question: What is the best way to try on new footwear?

Answer: Try on new footwear with the type of socks you usually wear. Don't wear new shoes for more than an hour at a time. Look and feel inside your shoes before putting them on to make sure there's nothing irritating in them or rough areas. Wear special shoes if your doctor recommends them.


Question: When should I call my doctor if I am diabetic and having problems with my feet?

Answer: Your doctor should look at your feet during each visit. Give him a call when you notice problems such as: Athlete's foot (cracking between the toes) Sores or wounds on your feet Ingrown toenails Increasing numbness or pain Calluses Redness Blackening of skin Bunions Infection Hammer toes (when the middle joint of toes is permanently bent downward)


Question: What is the connection between foot problems and diabetes?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association estimates that it's the reason why 1 in 5 people with diabetes who seek hospital care do so. You have to take care of your feet when you have diabetes. Poor foot care may lead to amputation of a foot or leg.


Question: Why should someone avoid high heels or pointed toe shoes?

Answer: Don't wear shoes with high heels and pointed toes. Avoid shoes that leave your toes or heels unprotected, like open-toed shoes or sandals. They leave you vulnerable for injury and infections.


Question: Can you prevent dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Although prevention of the disorder might not be possible, treatment of DPD can sometimes allow a person who is prone to this disorder to learn more productive ways of dealing with situations. The development of personality structure is a complex process that begins from an early age. Psychotherapy aimed at modifying personality may be more successful when begun early, when the patient is highly motivated for change, and when there is a strong working relationship between the therapist and patient.


Question: What causes dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Oversensitivity to criticism Pessimism and lack of self-confidence, including a belief that they are unable to care for themselves Avoidance of disagreeing with others for fear of losing support or approval Inability to start projects or tasks because of a lack of self-confidence Difficulty being alone Willingness to tolerate mistreatment and abuse from others Placing the needs of their caregivers above their own Tendency to be naive and to fantasize Although the exact cause of DPD is not known, it most likely involves a combination of biological, developmental, temperamental, and psychological factors. Some researchers believe an authoritarian or overprotective parenting style can lead to the development of dependent personality traits in people who are susceptible to the disorder.


Question: Can medication treat dependent personality disorder?

Answer: Medication might be used to treat people with DPD who also suffer from related problems such as depression or anxiety. However, medication therapy in itself does not usually treat the core problems caused by personality disorders. In addition, medications should be carefully monitored, because people with DPD could use them inappropriately or abuse certain prescription drugs.


Question: Can you continue to get biofeedback benefits without using the equipment?

Answer: Several different relaxation exercises are used in biofeedback therapy, including: Deep breathing Progressive muscle relaxation -- alternately tightening and then relaxing different muscle groups Guided imagery -- concentrating on a specific image (such as the color and texture of an orange) to focus your mind and make you feel more relaxed Mindfulness meditation -- focusing your thoughts and letting go of negative emotions As you slow your heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and ease muscle tension, you'll get instant feedback on the screen. Eventually, you'll learn how to control these functions on your own, without the biofeedback equipment.


Question: How is neurofeedback or electroencephalography (EEG) used in biofeedback therapy?

Answer: Neurofeedback or electroencephalography ( EEG). This measures brain waves. It may be used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), epilepsy and other seizure disorders.


Question: Does biofeedback help with high blood pressure

Answer: Evidence on the use of biofeedback for high blood pressure has been mixed. Although the technique does seem to lower blood pressure slightly, biofeedback isn't as effective as medication for blood pressure control.


Question: How is heart rate variability (HRA) used in biofeedback therapy?

Answer: Heart rate variability ( HRA). This measures heart rate. It may be used for anxiety, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), and irregular heartbeat.


Question: What type of relaxation exercises are used in biofeedback therapy?

Answer: Several different relaxation exercises are used in biofeedback therapy, including: Deep breathing Progressive muscle relaxation -- alternately tightening and then relaxing different muscle groups Guided imagery -- concentrating on a specific image (such as the color and texture of an orange) to focus your mind and make you feel more relaxed Mindfulness meditation -- focusing your thoughts and letting go of negative emotions As you slow your heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and ease muscle tension, you'll get instant feedback on the screen.


Question: How does biofeedback therapy help chronic pain?

Answer: By helping you identify tight muscles and then learn to relax those muscles, biofeedback may help relieve the discomfort of conditions like low back pain, abdominal pain, temporomandibular joint disorders ( TMJ), and fibromyalgia.


Question: Where do biofeedback sessions take place?

Answer: During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin.


Question: How does biofeedback therapy help anxiety?

Answer: Anxiety relief is one of the most common uses of biofeedback. Biofeedback lets you become more aware of your body's responses when you're stressed and anxious. Then you can learn how to control those responses.


Question: How does biofeedback therapy help urinary incontinence?

Answer: Biofeedback therapy can help people who have trouble controlling the urge to use the bathroom. Biofeedback can help women find and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles that control bladder emptying. After several sessions of biofeedback, women with incontinence may be able to reduce their urgent need to urinate and the number of accidents they have. Biofeedback can also help children who wet the bed, as well as people with fecal incontinence (the inability to control bowel movements).


Question: How does biofeedback work?

Answer: They do know that biofeedback promotes relaxation, which can help relieve a number of conditions that are related to stress. During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin. Finger sensors can also be used. These electrodes/sensors send signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image that represents your heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle activity. When you're under stress, these functions change. Your heart rate speeds up, your muscles tighten, your blood pressure rises, you start to sweat, and your breathing quickens. You can see these stress responses as they happen on the monitor, and then get immediate feedback as you try to stop them.


Question: What is biofeedback?

Answer: One technique can help you gain more control over these normally involuntary functions. It's called biofeedback, and the therapy is used to help prevent or treat conditions, including migraine headaches, chronic pain, incontinence, and high blood pressure. The idea behind biofeedback is that, by harnessing the power of your mind and becoming aware of what's going on inside your body, you can gain more control over your health.


Question: What are less common uses of biofeedback therapy?

Answer: Other biofeedback uses include: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) High blood pressure Raynaud's disease Injury Asthma Constipation Epilepsy Rheumatoid arthritis Many different health care providers offer biofeedback therapy, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and general physicians.


Question: How long does biofeedback therapy take?

Answer: Usually, you can start to see biofeedback benefits within 10 sessions or less. Some conditions, such as high blood pressure, can take more sessions to improve.


Question: What does a biofeedback therapist do?

Answer: A biofeedback therapist helps you practice relaxation exercises, which you fine-tune to control different body functions. For example, you might use a relaxation technique to turn down the brainwaves that activate when you have a headache.


Question: How does biofeedback help with urinary incontinence?

Answer: Biofeedback therapy can help people who have trouble controlling the urge to use the bathroom. Biofeedback can help women find and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles that control bladder emptying. After several sessions of biofeedback, women with incontinence may be able to reduce their urgent need to urinate and the number of accidents they have. Biofeedback can also help children who wet the bed, as well as people with fecal incontinence (the inability to control bowel movements). Unlike drugs used to treat incontinence, biofeedback doesn't tend to cause side effects.


Question: How is electromyogram (EMG) used in biofeedback therapy?

Answer: Different types of biofeedback are used to monitor different body functions: Electromyogram ( EMG). This measures muscle activity and tension. It may be used for back pain, headaches, anxiety disorders, muscle retraining after injury, and incontinence.


Question: How is electrodermal activity (EDA) used in biofeedback therapy?

Answer: This measures sweating and can be used for pain and anxiety.


Question: How is thermal biofeedback used?

Answer: This measures skin temperature. It may be used for headache and Raynaud's disease.


Question: What happens during a biofeedback session?

Answer: During a biofeedback session, electrodes are attached to your skin. Finger sensors can also be used. These electrodes/sensors send signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image that represents your heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle activity.


Question: What does a biofeedback therapist do to help you?

Answer: A biofeedback therapist helps you practice relaxation exercises, which you fine-tune to control different body functions. For example, you might use a relaxation technique to turn down the brainwaves that activate when you have a headache.


Question: What is an electromyogram in biofeedback?

Answer: This measures muscle activity and tension. It may be used for back pain, headaches, anxiety disorders, muscle retraining after injury, and incontinence.


Question: What is the idea behind biofeedback?

Answer: Biofeedback lets you become more aware of your body's responses when you're stressed and anxious.


Question: What is heart rate variability  in biofeedback?

Answer: Heart rate variability ( HRA). This measures heart rate. It may be used for anxiety, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), and irregular heartbeat. Each biofeedback therapy section lasts about 60-90 minutes. Usually, you can start to see biofeedback benefits within 10 sessions or less. Some conditions, such as high blood pressure, can take more sessions to improve.


Question: What is electrodermal activity in biofeedback?

Answer: This measures sweating and can be used for pain and anxiety.


Question: How does biofeedback help with chronic pain?

Answer: By helping you identify tight muscles and then learn to relax those muscles, biofeedback may help relieve the discomfort of conditions like low back pain, abdominal pain, temporomandibular joint disorders ( TMJ), and fibromyalgia. For pain relief, biofeedback can benefit people of all ages, from children to older adults.


Question: What immunizations do women in their 40s and 50s need?

Answer: Make sure you get a flu vaccine every year. It's also recommended that you get a pneumonia vaccine if you're at medium risk for the disease because you smoke, have long-term heart or lung disease, diabetes, are a heavy drinker, or have long-term liver disease. If you're over 50, ask your doctor about getting a vaccine to prevent shingles.


Question: What screening tests do women need in their 40s and 50s?

Answer: Make sure you get regular mammograms to check for breast cancer. Talk to your doctor about when you should start and how often to get them, because experts disagree. Also ask about when to get diabetes tests and screening for colorectal cancer. Thyroid disease is common in older women, so ask your doctor whether you should consider a screening test for it. Also make sure to get tests to check for cervical cancer. When you're 30 to 65, you should get a Pap test every 3 years. Or, if you prefer, every 5 years you can get a Pap test along with an HPV test.


Question: What factors can change how much my dog needs to eat?

Answer: The amount of food your dog needs may change if: Your dog becomes more active or is pregnant or nursing. The weather is very hot or cold. Your dog is recovering from surgery or an infection. Before giving him more food, make sure he’s not just looking for attention and love.


Question: When should I use the free-choice feeding method for my dogs?

Answer: Here are the top three: For dogs who are a healthy weight and aren’t having accidents in the house, you may be able to use the free-choice feeding method. This means you leave food out all day and let your dog graze. This can be a good method for highly active dogs that are burning more calories than their couch-potato friends. If you are leaving food out all day for your dog to nibble on, use dry food, which won’t spoil. If you have a nursing dog, she will probably be fed by the free-choice method. Dogs who are nursing need many calories to produce a constant flow of milk for their pups.


Question: What is aerobic exercise and how does it affect diabetes?

Answer: Aerobic exercise: Any rhythmic physical activity that uses large muscle groups and causes the heart and lungs to work harder than when your body is at rest. Also called cardio exercise, it's been proven to lower blood sugar levels.


Question: How is overweight defined?

Answer: Overweight: Refers to someone with a BMI of between 25 and 29.9, who is carrying excess body fat. Someone who is overweight has an increased risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes.


Question: How is obesity defined?

Answer: Obese: Refers to someone with a BMI of 30 or higher, who is carrying a large amount of excess body fat. Too much body fat may cause or worsen health problems, including type 2 diabetes.


Question: What is a meal plan?

Answer: Meal plan (meal planning): Any strategy used to map out what you're going to eat. This term may refer to following a specific diet, or it may just indicate the process of thinking through what you plan to eat beforehand.


Question: What are whole grains and how do they affect people with diabetes?

Answer: Whole grains: Grains that have the entire grain kernel, including the nutrient-rich bran and germ. Refined grains (such as white bread), on the other hand, have had the bran and germ removed and contain only the starchy endosperm. Whole grains have more fiber than refined ones, so they're digested more slowly and won't cause your blood sugar to rise as fast.


Question: What is strength training and how does it affect diabetes?

Answer: Strength training: Physical activity designed to build muscle strength or muscle mass. Some examples include lifting free weights, working with weight machines, and exercising with resistance bands. Also called resistance exercise, it can help make your body use insulin more effectively.


Question: What are carbohydrates (carbs)?

Answer: Carbohydrates (carbs): A primary source of food your body uses for energy. These include simple carbohydrates (such as honey, table sugar, and high-fructose corn syrup), as well as complex carbohydrates. Complex carbs include starches (such as bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes) and dietary fiber (found in fruits and vegetables, nuts, and whole grains).


Question: What is sodium and what role does it play in diabetes?

Answer: Sodium: A mineral found in salt. Getting too much -- as most Americans do -- can raise your blood pressure, and, in turn, raise your risk of heart attack and stroke. Since these problems are often tied to diabetes, it's important to watch your intake. Processed foods tend to be very high in sodium.


Question: What is blood sugar and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Blood sugar: Also called blood glucose, this is the sugar that's in your bloodstream. People withtype 2 diabeteshave too much blood sugar because insulin levels or actions aren't working well.


Question: What is fiber as it pertains to diabetes?

Answer: Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. It can't be broken down into sugar. You'll find it in fruit, vegetables, beans, whole grains, and nuts. High-fiber foods tend to be bulky and require extra chewing, so they may boost your weight loss efforts by helping you feel fuller longer. Fiber plays an important role in the digestive process, and getting enough may also help improve your blood sugar levels.


Question: What is carbohydrate counting?

Answer: Carbohydrate counting: A meal-planning technique used by some people with diabetes. It involves tracking the grams of carbs in food to ensure that you don't eat more than a predetermined amount at a given meal. You can count each serving of carbohydrates, since each serving of carbs is 15 grams. If you choose this strategy, your doctor or diabetes educator will tell you how many total carbs to aim for in each meal or the total daily amount.


Question: What is protein and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Protein: A substance made up of amino acids that your body needs to function. You'll find protein in meat, poultry, fish, legumes, tofu, eggs, nuts, seeds, and dairy products. Meats don't contain carbohydrates, so they won't raise your blood sugar.


Question: What is fat as it pertains to diabetes?

Answer: Fat: A nutrient you need for energy and other bodily functions. Although some fat is necessary, it's important not to overdo it. Try to pick healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) over unhealthy ones (saturated and trans) as often as possible.


Question: What is metabolism?

Answer: Metabolism: The process of converting food into the energy that allows your body to function. People who have a fast metabolism (metabolic rate) use up calories more quickly than those with slower metabolisms. One way you can increase your metabolism is by exercising.


Question: What is a dietitian?

Answer: Dietitian: Also called a nutritionist, this is an expert who is trained in the science of nutrition and advises others about healthy eating. Some nutritionists are registered dietitians ( RD or RDN); this credential means that someone has completed a higher level of training and passed a registration exam.


Question: What are sugar alcohols and are they okay for people with diabetes?

Answer: Sugar alcohols: A type of low-calorie sweetener that's often used in "diet" and "sugar-free" foods. These usually end in "-ol." Examples include erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol. Foods containing these sweeteners may still have carbs and can increase blood sugar, so be sure to check the nutrition label. Sugar alcohols may cause stomach upset in some people.


Question: What is a starch and what is its role in diabetes?

Answer: Starch: A type of carbohydrate found in grains, as well as in starchy vegetables such as peas, corn, beans, and potatoes. Just like sugar (another type of carbohydrate), starch can raise your blood sugar; so it's important to pay attention to how much you're eating.


Question: What are glucose tablets?

Answer: Glucose tablets: Chewable sugar used by people with diabetes to raise their blood sugar quickly when it drops dangerously low (hypoglycemia). These products come in a variety of flavors and forms such as gels, liquids, and powders, as well. If you take a medication that makes you prone to this problem, your doctor may tell you to carry glucose tablets with you -- especially during exercise.


Question: Should I get enough sleep to prevent tension headaches?

Answer: When you're well-rested, it's much easier to deal with daily stress.


Question: Should I improve my posture to prevent tension headaches?

Answer: A strong stance can help keep your muscles from tensing. When you stand, hold your shoulders back and your head level. Tighten your belly and buttocks. When you sit, make sure your thighs are parallel to the floor and your head and neck don't slump forward.


Question: How can I exercise regularly to prevent tension headaches?

Answer: At least 30 minutes, 5 times a week, is ideal. It eases stress and keeps you fit. It also helps to stretch. Pay close attention to your jaw, neck, and shoulders. These are areas where we tend to hold a lot of tension.


Question: Can I prevent tension headaches?

Answer: But there are lots of things you can do to get fewer of them. For starters, try some of these lifestyle changes: Limit your stress.


Question: Should I eat regular, balanced meals to prevent tension headaches?

Answer: Skipping a meal can cause a throbbing headache. Try to eat at the same times every day. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet.


Question: Are tension headaches common?

Answer: They're the most common type of headache, and nearly 80% of people in the U. S. get them.


Question: How can I limit my stress to prevent tension headaches?

Answer: Try to plan ahead. Get, and stay, organized. Things that help you relax, like massage or meditation, can also help.


Question: What are the tell-tale signs of tension headaches?

Answer: You know the tell-tale signs: Dull, aching pain Tightness or pressure across your forehead or on the sides and back of your head Tenderness of your scalp, neck, and shoulder muscles If you get less than 15 per month, you have what doctors call episodic tension headaches.


Question: Can ED medications cause vision problems?

Answer: You should also stop these medications and call your doctor right away if you have vision loss. A rare vision problem called NAION -- short for ânonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathyâ -- has been reported by a few men using these drugs.


Question: How do I take erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: Also, make sure to ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain anything you don't understand. Take these drugs exactly as directed.


Question: Are there any side effects of erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: Side effects are not common, but they can happen. You may get: â¢ A headache â¢ Upset stomach or heartburn â¢ Feeling of warmth â¢ Nasal congestion â¢ Changes in vision (lights tinged with color, glare) â¢ Back pain â¢ Hearing loss You may need emergency treatment if you get an erection that lasts for more than 4 hours and happens without any sexual excitement.


Question: Do you have to take medication to treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Some men with erectile dysfunction, or ED, find they can return to an active sex life by treating an underlying condition, such as high blood pressure, or with counseling and lifestyle changes. But others find they may need medication to get and keep an erection.


Question: When do you need emergency treatment for erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: You may get: â¢ A headache â¢ Upset stomach or heartburn â¢ Feeling of warmth â¢ Nasal congestion â¢ Changes in vision (lights tinged with color, glare) â¢ Back pain â¢ Hearing loss You may need emergency treatment if you get an erection that lasts for more than 4 hours and happens without any sexual excitement. You may hear a doctor call it a âpriapism.â Blood becomes trapped in the penis and can't flow back out. It can lead to scarring and permanent ED if not treated. Also get emergency treatment with any of the following: A rash Painful erection Fainting Chest pain Itching or burning during urination If you're having chest pain and have taken Viagra in the past 24 hours or Cialis in the past 48 hours, don't take nitroglycerin.


Question: Can you switch between erectile dysfunction medications?

Answer: You may find that one works better for your schedule or that there are differences in the side effects for you. But these medications work the same basic way, so you're likely to have similar results.


Question: Where should I store erectile dysfunction medication?

Answer: People who have a higher chance for NAION include those who: Are more than 50 years old Smoke Have heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol levels Have certain other eye problems Keep them in their original container and out of reach of children. Store them away from heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). When they expire or you don't need them anymore, get rid of them.


Question: What medications treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer: But others find they may need medication to get and keep an erection. The FDA has approved several prescription drugs you take orally to treat ED. All of these work by relaxing your muscles and boosting blood flow to your penis, making erections easier to get and maintain. They are: avanafil ( Stendra) sildenafil ( Viagra) tadalafil ( Cialis) vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) Caution: Do not use these ED medications if you take nitrates, such as nitroglycerin or a similar medicine, for chest pain.


Question: What are the precautions for taking ED medications?

Answer: Again, do not use these ED medications if you take nitrates, such as nitroglycerin or a similar medicine, for chest pain. But there are other situations that may make these medications unsafe as well. Before you take Viagra or one of the others, tell your doctor: If you are allergic to any medications, including other ED medications About any prescription or nonprescription medications you take, as well as any herbal and dietary supplements If you are scheduled for surgery, even dental surgery If you take alpha-blockers for blood pressure or prostate problems. These can lower your blood pressure when taken with ED pills.


Question: What is the final word on the Flat Belly Diet?

Answer: The Final Word If you're not ready for a huge change in your diet, look elsewhere for weight loss. The extreme cut in calories in this diet is more likely to leave you discouraged instead of thinner. If you think you have it in you, go for it. Just have a plan in place for sticking with a more moderate weight loss plan in the long run.


Question: How can vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) help with treating depression?

Answer: Vagal Nerve Stimulation ( VNS) VNS is used to treat select cases of severe or recurrent, chronic depression that does not respond to at least two antidepressant trials. This surgical treatment involves the use of a pulse generator implanted under the collar bone that sends out pulses of electricity to stimulate the vagus nerve in an attempt to affect the brain's mood centers. It typically takes at least several months for VNS to begin to show a benefit for treating depression.


Question: What are tricyclic antidepressants?

Answer: The tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs), which have been used to treat depression since the 1950s, are another option, although they are apt to have more side effects than the SSRIs. Like all antidepressant drugs, you must take them for a while before they take effect.


Question: What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) to treat depression?

Answer: The third group of antidepressants, the monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), like phenelzine ( Nardil), tranylcypromine ( Parnate) and the skin patch EMSAM, have also proved effective. MAOIs may sometimes work more quickly than the TCAs, but they require avoiding certain foods (such as aged meats and cheeses) and certain other medicines that can also affect serotonin or raise blood pressure. MAOIs are usually prescribed only if the SSRIs and the TCAs or other depression medicines that can be simpler to take fail to bring improvement.


Question: How can I treat a bad cough?

Answer: Three types of medicines can ease a cough caused by a cold or bronchitis: suppressants, expectorants, and ointments you apply to your skin called topicals.


Question: How can I clear phlegm in my cough?

Answer: A cough with phlegm can be a good thing -- it clears all the gunk from your airways. But talk to your doctor if it keeps you from sleeping. Some doctors say drinking water is the best way to get rid of mucus, but you can also use medications like guaifenesin. This drug thins the drainage so it's easier to move out. The most frequent side effect of this med is nausea and vomiting.


Question: Can iron supplements affect your stomach?

Answer: It's usually treated with supplements, but those can cause stomach pain and constipation and irritate your esophagus -- the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach.


Question: Can opioid painkillers affect your stomach?

Answer: Powerful opioid painkillers, like oxycodone or hydrocodone, can make you feel nauseous or have constipation, belly cramps, or bloating. Most over-the-counter laxatives don't help with this, but your doctor may be able to give you something that will.


Question: Can over-the-counter painkillers affect your stomach?

Answer: Aspirin can affect the lining of your stomach and cause belly pain and other problems. Other pain relievers, like ibuprofen and naproxen, can lead to heartburn, irritation, and other stomach trouble, too. If that happens, you might try taking these with food or with a drug that treats heartburn.


Question: Can cholesterol drugs affect your stomach?

Answer: If your blood has high levels of cholesterol, which can cause heart problems, your doctor might recommend medicine to bring those down. Some of those can affect your digestion and cause problems like gas, constipation, or diarrhea. It's rare, but cholesterol drugs known as statins can cause problems with your liver, too.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose appendicitis?

Answer: These tests can help diagnose appendicitis: Examination of your abdomen to look for inflammation Urine (pee) test to rule out a urinary tract infection Rectal exam Blood test to see whether your body is fighting an infection CT scans Ultrasound Appendicitis is almost always treated as an emergency.


Question: What are other symptoms of appendicitis?

Answer: Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting soon after belly pain begins Swollen belly Fever of 99-102 degrees Can't pass gas Other less common symptoms of appendicitis include: Dull or sharp pain anywhere in your upper or lower belly, back, or rear end Painful or difficult peeing Vomiting before your belly pain starts Severe cramps Constipation or diarrhea with gas If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor right away.


Question: How common is appendicitis?

Answer: In the U. S., 1 in 20 people will get appendicitis at some point in their lives. Although it can strike at any age, appendicitis is rare in children younger than 2.


Question: When should you call your doctor after an appendectomy?

Answer: After an appendectomy, call your doctor if you have: Uncontrolled vomiting Increased belly pain Dizziness/feelings of faintness Blood in your vomit or pee Increased pain and redness where your doctor cut into your belly Fever Pus in the wound Left untreated, an inflamed appendix will burst, spilling bacteria and debris into the abdominal cavity, the central part of your body that holds your liver, stomach, and intestines.


Question: How do you know if a child is dehydrated from vomiting?

Answer: Call your doctor if you see any of these signs: dry mouth, crying without tears, dry diapers, urine that is very dark, sunken soft spot on the top of the head.


Question: What should you do after your child has stopped vomiting?

Answer: Give your child larger amounts of fluid. Breastfeed babies as usual and slowly start giving formula. Feed toddlers mild foods in their regular diet; avoid spicy foods, fried foods, and foods that are high in fat or greasy. Serve your child's normal diet.


Question: What are ways to incorporate omega-3s into breakfast?

Answer: Try these options: A bowl of cereal with fortified milk, soy milk, or almond milk An omelet with fortified eggs Cold cereal or oatmeal with chopped walnuts, pumpkin seeds, ground flaxseeds, or chia seeds A breakfast shake with fortified milk, tofu, frozen berries, fruit juice, and ice Soups and salads with walnuts, flaxseeds, or chia seeds Leafy greens and albacore tuna salad with low-fat mayonnaise A tossed salad with walnut oil and balsamic vinegar A grilled salmon burger with fresh baby spinach Sardines in mustard or tomato sauce with flaxseed crackers A handful of walnuts and dried fruit Yogurt with chia seeds and fresh fruit Edamame (steamed green soybeans) with a little bit of salt Salmon, trout, or halibut.


Question: What is ALA omega-3?

Answer: Another type, called ALA, comes from plant foods like walnuts, canola oil, chia seeds, soy, flaxseeds, leafy green vegetables, and navy beans. Your body can change it into EPA and DHA, but it doesn't do this very well. Some cereals, milks, eggs, and yogurt are fortified with omega-3s.


Question: What is sleep bruxism?

Answer: Most people probably grind and clench their teeth during sleep from time to time. Occasional teeth grinding, medically called bruxism, does not usually cause harm, but when teeth grinding occurs on a regular basis, the teeth can be damaged and other complications can arise, such as jaw muscle discomfort or TMJ pain.


Question: Which blood clots are treated with thrombolysis?

Answer: Thrombolysis is also used to treat blood clots in: Veins that cause deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) or clots in the legs, pelvic area, and upper extremities; if left untreated, pieces of the clot can break off and travel to an artery in the lungs, resulting in an acute pulmonary embolism. Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).


Question: When should a thrombolysis be done when a blood clot is life threatening?

Answer: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).


Question: What risks are associated with thrombolysis?

Answer: These conditions include: Severe high blood pressure Active bleeding or severe blood loss Hemorrhagic stroke from bleeding in the brain Severe kidney disease Recent surgery Thrombolysis also may be associated with an increased risk of complications in patients who are pregnant or at an advanced age, and in people with other conditions. Patients who undergo thrombolysis have a small risk of infection (less than one in 1,000) as well as a slight risk of an allergic reaction to the contrast dye that may be needed for imaging. Besides risk of serious internal bleeding, other possible risks include: Bruising or bleeding at the access site Damage to the blood vessel Migration of the blood clot to another part of vascular system Kidney damage in patients with diabetes or other pre-existing kidney disease The most serious possible complication is intracranial bleeding, which is potentially fatal. But this complication is rare. Bleeding in the brain that causes stroke occurs in less than 1% of patients.


Question: What tests help diagnose juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).


Question: Should children with rheumatoid arthritis get plenty of rest?

Answer: When it flares up, the child will look and act sick. Children can have good days with few or no symptoms, and worse days with flare-up symptoms.


Question: What is the treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn). These help relieve fever, pain, and joint inflammation. Corticosteroid medications like prednisone are also used. They lessen the immune response and help with inflammation.


Question: What may test results for systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis show?

Answer: Your child may get the following tests: Blood, urine, and joint fluid tests X-rays, MRIs, and other imaging tests The results may show: Low red blood cell count, or anemia High white blood cell count High platelet count, which are the cells in blood that help it clot Higher levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which are signs in your child's blood of inflammation Doctors usually treat the condition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as celecoxib ( Celebrex), diclofenac ( Voltaren), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).


Question: If I haven't qualified for Medicaid in the past due to cancer, could I qualify now?

Answer: You might qualify for Medicaid, even if you haven't qualified in the past. Some states have expanded Medicaid to cover more people. Check with your state's Marketplace to find out if your state is one of those.


Question: Are mental health benefits on health plans allowed to be more limited than other health care benefits?

Answer: In addition, mental health services must be provided under the same terms and conditions as other health care services. Health plans can no longer provide more limited mental health benefits than they do for other health care benefits. How much you pay for your care will depend on the plan you enroll in. You can also get these services through Medicare and Medicaid.


Question: What are the rules for cancer medical cost limits under the Affordable Care Act?

Answer: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Annual and lifetime limits have gone away. If you are sick, you cannot be charged more for health insurance. Your out-of-pocket costs will be limited. There's a maximum amount, or cap, on how much you'll have to spend on copays, coinsurance, and deductibles.


Question: What are the possible side effects of manuka honey?

Answer: Special antibiotics are needed to treat them. But most of the studies on manuka honey have been with small numbers of people, and so far, research hasn't shown that manuka honey helps with high cholesterol or balancing the bacteria in the gut. And no major studies have looked at the effect of manuka honey on cancer, diabetes, or fungal infections. These can include: Allergic reaction, especially in people who are allergic to bees Risk of a rise in blood sugar Effects on certain chemotherapy drugs


Question: Where does manuka honey come from?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Manuka honey is made in Australia and New Zealand by bees that pollinate the native manuka bush. Advocates say it can treat wound infections and other conditions.


Question: How effective is manuka honey?

Answer: Several recent studies show manuka honey can be helpful when it's used on top of wounds and leg ulcers. Studies also show it might fight infection and boost healing. But not all studies show that it helps heal ulcers. And there is concern that manuka honey may delay healing in people who have ulcers related to diabetes. The Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database lists honey as being "possibly effective" to treat burns and wounds. The Cochrane Review notes that honey may shorten healing times in mild burns and surgical wounds compared with traditional dressings.


Question: Should I talk to my doctor before I take Tysabri to treat multiple sclerosis?

Answer: You'll need to stay at your doctor's office for about an hour after you get the drug to make sure the reaction doesn't happen.


Question: How do I take Tysabri?

Answer: It keeps the white blood cells of the immune system from entering the brain and spinal cord, which doctors think plays an important role in the damaging effects of MS. You'll go to your doctor's office to get the drug through a vein. That will take about an hour every 4 weeks.


Question: When should you talk to your doctor about the side effects of Tysabri for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: Talk with your doctor about these side effects and whether Tysabri would be a good option for you. Together you can weigh the risks and benefits and decide if you should take the drug.


Question: What are serious side effects from Tysabri for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: After the FDA first approved Tysabri, the drug's manufacturer took it off the market due to reports of a rare but serious brain infection called PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy). The company introduced a program that requires everyone taking the medicine to register and to follow up every so often in order to find any possible cases of PML as soon as possible. With these safety programs in place, the drug went back on the market. Your risk for PML goes up with the number of doses you take. It's also higher for people who've taken drugs that turn down their immune systems before they use Tysabri. Because of this risk, doctors usually recommend Tysabri only for people who've tried other MS treatments that haven't worked.


Question: How do I take Tysabri for multiple sclerosis?

Answer: It keeps the white blood cells of the immune system from entering the brain and spinal cord, which doctors think plays an important role in the damaging effects of MS. You'll go to your doctor's office to get the drug through a vein. That will take about an hour every 4 weeks.


Question: What are the side effects of Tysabri?

Answer: The most common ones are: Infections Headache Fatigue Depression Joint pain Menstrual problems It's possible for some people to have an allergic reaction to Tysabri. Symptoms include hives, itching, breathing problems, chest pain, nausea, flushing, dizziness, and rash. You'll need to stay at your doctor's office for about an hour after you get the drug to make sure the reaction doesn't happen.


Question: How can you select the right treatment for acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Selecting the right treatment depends on a number of factors, including: Size of the tumor Whether the tumor is growing Your age Other medical conditions you may have Severity of your symptoms and their impact on your life


Question: How is radiation therapy for acoustic neuroma delivered?

Answer: Radiation therapy for this condition is usually delivered in one of two ways: Single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery ( SRS), in which many hundreds of small beams of radiation are aimed at the tumor in a single session. Multi-session fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy ( FRS), which delivers smaller doses of radiation daily, generally over several weeks. Early studies suggest multi-session therapy may preserve hearing better than SRS. Both of these are outpatient procedures, which means they don't require a hospital stay. They work by causing tumor cells to die. The tumor's growth may slow or stop or it may even shrink, but radiation doesn't completely remove the tumor. Other types of radiation therapy have also been used. Your doctor will explain your options to you.


Question: How does observation help treat acoustic neuroma?

Answer: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting. Because acoustic neuromas are not cancerous and grow slowly, immediate treatment may not be necessary. Often doctors monitor the tumor with periodic MRI scans and will suggest other treatment if the tumor grows a lot or causes serious symptoms.


Question: When is radiation therapy recommended for acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas. State-of-the-art delivery techniques make it possible to send high doses of radiation to the tumor while limiting expose and damage to surrounding tissue.


Question: What causes acoustic neuroma?

Answer: NF2 is an inherited disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the nervous system. Acoustic neuromas are the most common of these tumors and often occur in both ears by age 30. NF2 is a rare disorder. It accounts for only 5% of acoustic neuromas. This means the vast majority are the sporadic form. Doctors aren't certain what causes the sporadic form. One known risk factor for acoustic neuroma is exposure to high doses of radiation, especially to the head and neck.


Question: What are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma?

Answer: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting.


Question: What are other symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

Answer: Other symptoms, which may occur over time, include: Problems with balance Vertigo (feeling like the world is spinning) Facial numbness and tingling, which may be constant or come and go Facial weakness Taste changes Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness Headaches Clumsiness or unsteadiness Confusion It's important to see your doctor if you experience these symptoms. Symptoms like clumsiness and mental confusion can signal a serious problem that requires urgent treatment.


Question: How does an acoustic neuroma develop?

Answer: Acoustic neuromas -- sometimes called vestibular schwannomas or neurilemmoma -- usually grow slowly over a period of years. Although they do not actually invade the brain, they can push on it as they grow. Larger tumors can press on nearby cranial nerves that control the muscles of facial expression and sensation. If tumors become large enough to press on the brain stem or cerebellum, they can be deadly.


Question: What are the symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: RHS often causes a painful rash of blisters filled with fluid in or around one ear. In some cases, blisters also can show up in your mouth and throat. Regular shingles also cause a blistery rash, but the bumps usually break out on a smallish strip of your torso instead of on your face.


Question: How is Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) diagnosed?

Answer: If you think you may have RHS, you should see a doctor right away so you can begin treatment quickly. Your doctor can usually diagnose it by asking you about your symptoms and doing an exam. But she may want to test a bit of fluid from a blister to confirm it.


Question: What causes the reactivation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: In most cases, there doesn't seem to be a reason for the "reactivation" of the virus. Unlike with chickenpox, people who get shingles can get it again.


Question: What muscles are affected by Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: Because of the nerve that is affected, RHS also usually causes some weakness in the muscles in your face. You might find it hard to smile or completely close one eye. In rare cases, you might not be able to move the muscles on one side of your face at all Other common symptoms include: Ear pain which can start before you see a rash.


Question: What are some common symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: In rare cases, you might not be able to move the muscles on one side of your face at all Other common symptoms include: Ear pain which can start before you see a rash. Hearing loss Ringing in the ear Vertigo Nausea/vomiting The virus that causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster) hibernates inside groups of nerves.


Question: What causes Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: Hearing loss Ringing in the ear Vertigo Nausea/vomiting The virus that causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster) hibernates inside groups of nerves. It can stay there forever and never cause trouble again -- or it can "wake up" and create a new infection in one of the nerves in your body. When it affects the nerve in your face that goes to your ear, it's called herpes zoster oticus.


Question: Which drugs can treat Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)?

Answer: If started early, antiviral drugs, like acyclovir, may help you get better faster. Your doctor also may give you a prescription for pain medication or a corticosteroid to help make you more comfortable and get rid of some of the inflammation.


Question: How soon will Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) clear up?

Answer: Infections usually clear up within a couple of weeks. Some people have nerve pain from RHS after the rash is gone. In rare cases, surgery is needed to ease pressure on the nerve in your face.


Question: Why is diet important for people with heart disease?

Answer: For someone with heart disease, diet is a big deal. Along with other healthy habits, it can slow or even partially reverse the narrowing of the heart's arteries and help prevent further complications. You can help a loved one who has heart disease by adopting a diet that curbs LDL (''bad'') cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar, and helps with weight loss. The best strategy: Focus on what the person with heart disease can eat, not just what's off-limits. Research shows that adding heart-saving foods is just as important as cutting back on others.


Question: How can people with heart disease choose fat calories wisely?

Answer: Choose fat calories wisely by: Limit saturated fat (found in animal products). Avoid artificial trans fats as much as possible. Check ingredient lists for "partially hydrogenated" oils. When using added fats for cooking or baking, choose oils that are high in monounsaturated fat (for example, olive and peanut oil) or polyunsaturated fat (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oils).


Question: How can cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) help treat anxiety?

Answer: In CBT, a therapist helps you identify negative thoughts (including anxious ones) and replace them with healthier, more realistic ones. Some sessions may include outings or social events. You may decide to see a therapist on your own and also go to a group, along with using other treatments for anxiety, such as medication.


Question: What should I do if I'm concerned about how my anxiety support group is going?

Answer: If you have concerns about how your group is going, you may want to privately talk to the therapist who leads it to see if they can change how things are done. Or you may want to try another group or one-on-one therapy.


Question: What are the advantages of douching?

Answer: Some women say douching makes them feel cleaner. There is, though, very little scientific evidence of benefit from douching.


Question: Should you douche?

Answer: According to health experts, including those at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG), you should avoid douching. Having some vaginal odor is normal. However, if you notice a very strong odor, it could be a sign of infection. The acidity of the vagina will naturally control bacteria, and simply washing the vagina with warm water and mild soap is enough to keep clean.


Question: What is tumor grading relative to invasive breast cancer?

Answer: After surgery to remove the tumor, a doctor will check it and assign a grade to it. The grade depends on how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells when viewed under a microscope. Low-grade cancer cells are similar to normal breast cells. Higher grade breast cancer cells look more different. They show the cancer is more aggressive. The doctor will also test for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. This test will show whether the female hormones -- estrogen and progesterone -- influence the cancer cells. If the test is positive, it means hormones cause the cancer cells to grow. In that case, therapies to suppress or block hormones may help treat the cancer. The cancer will also be tested for a gene called HER2. If it's found, additional drugs like trastuzumab ( Herceptin) can be used. Other tests will see if the cancer has spread from the breast to other areas of the body.


Question: What is the goal of treatment for invasive breast cancer?

Answer: The goal of your treatment is to give you the best possible outcome. Your doctor may use one or a combination of them.


Question: What are the types of invasive breast cancer?

Answer: It can remain localized, which means it stays near the site where the tumor started. Or cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. Invasive lobular carcinoma ( ILC). This type accounts for about 10% of invasive breast cancers. ILC starts in the lobules or milk glands and then spreads. With ILC, most women feel a thickening instead of a lump in their breast. Some women may have a combination of both or a different type of invasive breast cancer.


Question: What is a secondary brain tumor?

Answer: These cancers start somewhere else in the body and travel to the brain. Lung, breast, kidney, colon, and skin cancers are among the most common cancers that can spread to the brain.


Question: What is a primary brain tumor?

Answer: A brain tumor is a mass of cells in your brain that are not normal. There are two general groups of brain tumors: Primary brain tumors start in brain tissue and tend to stay there.


Question: What should you know about benign brain tumor?

Answer: Some brain tumors contain cancer cells and others don't: Benign brain tumors don't have cancer cells. They grow slowly, can often be removed, and rarely spread to the brain tissue around them. They can cause problems if they press on certain areas of the brain, though. Depending on where they are located in the brain, they can be life-threatening.


Question: What are meningiomas?

Answer: These are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They are most likely to occur in your 70s or 80s. They arise in the meninges, the lining of the brain. They can be grade 1, 2, or 3. They are often benign and grow slowly.


Question: How can surgery help with treating brain cancer?

Answer: Surgery is usually the first treatment. For grade 1 tumors, it may be enough. It's possible that all the cancer can be removed. But even if it isn't, the surgery can reduce the size and ease symptoms.


Question: How can targeted therapy help with treating brain cancer?

Answer: Targeted therapy can be used to treat certain types of brain tumors. These drugs attack specific parts of cancer cells and help stop tumors from growing and spreading.


Question: What are astrocytomas?

Answer: These usually arise in the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. They can be any grade. They often cause seizures or changes in behavior.


Question: What happens during a coronary calcium scan?

Answer: These patches connect to what's called an EKG machine, which helps the person running the scan know exactly when to take pictures of your heart. If you get nervous in closed or tight spaces, you can get medicine that will help keep you calm. You may also get medicine to slow your heart so they can take better pictures. During the test, you'll lie on your back on a table that slowly moves into the CT scanner. The scanner is a hollow tube, so it's like sliding into a tunnel. Your head stays out of the tube at all times.


Question: What is a coronary calcium scan?

Answer: This heart scan uses a special type of X-ray called a CT scan. It takes pictures of your arteries, the vessels that carry blood away from your heart, to check for calcium. You may hear this scan called by several different names: Coronary calcium scan Calcium scan test Cardiac CT for calcium scoring The calcium that the scan is looking for is tied in with plaque.


Question: How do you treat a lipoma?

Answer: Since lipomas aren't harmful, doctors often leave them alone. You may need to keep an eye on it between visits. If one hurts or you don't like the way it looks, you might want to have it removed.


Question: On which part of your body does a lipoma usually form?

Answer: You most often find them in your upper body, arms, or thighs.


Question: Does a lipoma come back after it's been removed?

Answer: Lipomas rarely come back once removed.


Question: What are "giant lipomas"?

Answer: Lipomas bigger than 2 inches are sometimes called giant lipomas.


Question: How can you ease psoriatic arthritis symptoms?

Answer: Keep your weight healthy, which takes pressure off your joints.


Question: How can applying heat and coldness help with psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: You can use a warm towel, hot pack, or take a warm bath or shower. Coldness can cut back on swelling and ease pain. You can cool down with a bag of ice or with frozen veggies wrapped in a towel.


Question: Can you exercise if you have psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: Just make sure you stick with what your doctor says is OK for you -- probably low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or biking.


Question: How can you keep your psoriatic arthritis symptoms under control?

Answer: It's natural to have flare-ups, but then you'll have times where you feel better. If you notice any new symptoms, tell your doctor. That'll help keep things in check so you don't have more joint damage. You can keep your symptoms under control with treatment.


Question: How can you exercise to help with psoriatic arthritis?

Answer: You can work out on your own or with the help of a physical therapist. Warm up first, so your muscles can ease into it. One of your best options is water therapy, also called hydrotherapy or aqua therapy. It's an exercise program held in a pool. The water takes some of the weight off your joints, so it may be easier for you to do well. Whatever exercise you choose, make sure it's one you'll like enough to do it regularly. Also, try to be active throughout your day. You can garden, give the dog an extra walk, and fit in some stretches while you're at your kid's sports practice.


Question: What happens during the blood glucose test?

Answer: During a blood glucose test, blood will be drawn and sent to a lab for analysis.


Question: How can deep breathing help my headaches?

Answer: Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed.


Question: How can rhythmic breathing help with migraines and headaches?

Answer: Rhythmic breathing: If your breathing is short and hurried, slow it down by taking long, slow breaths. Inhale slowly then exhale slowly. Count slowly to five as you inhale, and then count slowly to five as you exhale. As you exhale slowly, pay attention to how your body naturally relaxes. Recognizing this change will help you to relax even more.


Question: How can progressive muscle relaxation help with migraines and headaches?

Answer: Progressive muscle relaxation: Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Mentally scan your body. Notice your headache, if you have one, and other areas that feel tense or cramped. Quickly loosen up these areas. Let go of as much tension as you can. Rotate your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. ( Stop any movements that cause pain!) Roll your shoulders forward and backward several times. Let all of your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and exhale slowly. You should feel relaxed.


Question: Are there specific relaxation exercises that can treat headaches?

Answer: Here are a few relaxation exercises.


Question: How can visualized breathing help my headaches?

Answer: Visualized breathing: Find a comfortable place where you can close your eyes, and combine slowed breathing with your imagination. Picture relaxation entering your body and tension leaving your body. Breathe deeply, but in a natural rhythm. Visualize your breath coming into your nostrils, going into your lungs and expanding your chest and abdomen. Then, visualize your breath going out the same way. Continue breathing, but each time you inhale, imagine that you are breathing in more relaxation. Each time you exhale imagine that you are getting rid of a little more tension.


Question: How can visualized breathing help with migraines and headaches?

Answer: Visualized breathing: Find a comfortable place where you can close your eyes, and combine slowed breathing with your imagination. Picture relaxation entering your body and tension leaving your body. Breathe deeply, but in a natural rhythm. Visualize your breath coming into your nostrils, going into your lungs and expanding your chest and abdomen. Then, visualize your breath going out the same way. Continue breathing, but each time you inhale, imagine that you are breathing in more relaxation. Each time you exhale imagine that you are getting rid of a little more tension.


Question: What are the risks of taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) for low back pain?

Answer: Risks: It can damage the liver if it's taken in high doses. That's why doctors advise taking around 3,000 milligrams (mg) a day even though the maximum daily dose (according to the FDA) is 4,000 mg. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are alternatives to acetaminophen that you can buy without a prescription.


Question: What are the risks of using muscle relaxants for low back pain?

Answer: Risks: Muscle relaxants carry a big risk of side effects, like drowsiness and dizziness.


Question: What are the risks of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be used for low back pain?

Answer: Risks: NSAIDs can cause digestive problems like nausea and diarrhea, as well as heartburn and stomach pain. Rarely, they can have serious side effects like internal bleeding and ulcers. They may also cause heart problems and kidney damage.


Question: How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat lung cancer?

Answer: Monoclonal antibodies: Made in a lab, these molecules target specific signs, called antigens, that are found on tumors. Examples used to treat lung cancer are bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza).


Question: How does image-guided radiation therapy help with lung cancer detection?

Answer: Machines with built-in imaging scanners make it possible for your doctor to give radiation more precisely. He can take pictures of your lung and then adjust his aim right before giving you the radiation. It's a way to zero in on your cancer. It may also bring fewer side effects.


Question: How effective is low-dose computed tomography scan in preventing lung cancer deaths?

Answer: Research shows that people who got LDCT had their risk of dying from the disease drop by 16% against those who got chest X-rays. The test is recommended for 55 to 74 year olds who've smoked one or more packs of cigarettes a day for at least 30 years and are still smoking or have quite in the past 15 years.


Question: What are targeted treatments for lung cancer?

Answer: Scientists have learned that people with specific genetic combinations may benefit from targeted therapies like EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) blockers. afatinib ( Gilotrif), erlotinib ( Tarceva), gefitinib ( Iressa), necitumumab ( Portrazza) and Osimertinib ( Tagrisso) block a signal that tells cells to grow. The drugs alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), certinib ( Zykadia), and crizotinib ( Xalkori) have been found to help treat certain cancers with a change in the ALK gene. Some of these drugs are also used to treat tumors with an ROS1 gene change. Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) and Trametinib ( Mekinist) target certain proteins in tumors that have changes in the BRAF gene.


Question: How much time and radiation is involved in a low-dose computed tomography scan?

Answer: It takes about 15 minutes and gives you about the same amount of radiation as a mammogram.