Question: What causes an enlarged pancreas?

Answer: You may simply have a pancreas that is larger than normal. Or, it can be because of an anatomic abnormality. But other causes of an enlarged pancreas may include the following: Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes become active inside the pancreas, attacking and damaging its tissues. This can cause an enlarged pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation that occurs suddenly in the pancreas. It can be very serious, even life-threatening. But it usually goes away within a few days of treatment. Gallstones and alcohol are common causes of acute pancreatitis. Other causes include high levels of fats in the blood, certain drugs, certain medical procedures, and some infections. Chronic pancreatitis is inflammation that gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage in the pancreas. Heavy alcohol use is the most common cause. Other causes include heredity, cystic fibrosis, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, certain medications, and some autoimmune conditions. Pancreatic pseudocyst is an accumulation of fluid and tissue debris in the pancreas, which can occur after a case of pancreatitis. Cystadenoma is a tumor that is usually benign. Abscess is a pus-filled cavity, usually caused by a bacterial infection. A pancreatic pseudocyst that becomes infected can become an abscess. Pancreatic cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the pancreas that can spread to other parts of the body.


Question: Will braces hurt?

Answer: Some of the adjustments your orthodontist may make to your braces may make your mouth feel sore or uncomfortable. When needed, over-the-counter pain relievers like Motrin or Tylenol can help relieve the pain. If you always experience a lot of pain after your braces are adjusted, talk to your orthodontist about it; he or she may be able to make the adjustments a bit differently.


Question: Can I continue to play sports while wearing braces?

Answer: If you have braces, you can continue to participate in any sport you choose. When playing sports where there is a possibility of getting hit in the mouth, a specially designed mouthguard will need to be worn. The mouthguard, made of durable plastic, is designed to fit comfortably over your braces and will protect the soft tissues inside the mouth.


Question: How do braces work?

Answer: In their entirety, braces work by applying continuous pressure over a period of time to slowly move teeth in a specific direction. As the teeth move, the bone changes shape as pressure is applied.


Question: What types of braces are available?

Answer: If braces are indeed the solution for you, the dentist or orthodontist will prescribe an appliance specific for your needs. The braces may consist of bands, wires, and other fixed or removable corrective appliances. No one method works for everyone.


Question: How is the drug methotrexate used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It can slow down progressive forms of MS and may put off problems in your shoulders, arms, and hands. One study showed that it was safe to use for at least 3 to 6 years.


Question: How is the drug simvastatin (Zocor) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's typically used for high cholesterol, but it shows promise in slowing brain shrinkage from secondary progressive MS. And it's considered safe with few side effects.


Question: How is the drug amantadine (Symmetrel) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.


Question: How is the drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: Doctors sometimes recommend it for progressive forms of MS, but results have been mixed. It may slow down your disease and help with symptoms, but it can also come with side effects like nausea and vomiting that can be tough for some people.


Question: What questions should you ask your doctor about off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: Your best bet is to talk it through carefully with your doctor. Ask questions like: What studies show the drug works for MS? What are the side effects and risks for someone with MS? Are there clinical trials I could join?


Question: How is the drug pregabalin (Lyrica) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: This is another option for treating pain from MS. It looks to be safe with few side effects.


Question: How is the drug duloxetine (Cymbalta, Irenka) used off-label to help treat MS?

Answer: It's used to treat the flu and Parkinson's disease, but it may help with fatigue from MS. It generally has few side effects and seems safe.


Question: How long can you use off-label drugs for treating multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Answer: It depends on a lot of things like the dose, other conditions you have, and other medicines you take. For some drugs, there may not be enough research to know. New studies come out all the time, so check with your doctor.


Question: Does cognitive behavioral therapy help you get better sleep if you have fibromyalgia?

Answer: The technique called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you to change thought patterns for the better. Using CBT for fibro-related insomnia may improve alertness and thinking ability and lessen anxiety. It can be especially helpful if you're stuck in a negative thought spiral: Many people worry that they won't be able to sleep because of their pain, which in turn makes the pain worse so it's harder to sleep.


Question: What is gestational diabetes insipidus?

Answer: In some cases, the disease runs in the family.


Question: How does gestational diabetes insipidus affect women?

Answer: This condition can make you so thirsty you drink many glasses of water a day. As a result, you might go to the bathroom more than once or twice an hour. This isn't a result of pregnancy but of diabetes insipidus, which is sometimes called "water" diabetes. It has symptoms like other forms of the disease, but isn't related.


Question: How is gestational diabetes insipidus treated?

Answer: The doctor may opt not to treat gestagenic DI. If that's the case, he'll likely ask you to come to the office a lot. He'll make sure your body doesn't retain too much fluid. You'll also need to keep liquids with you so you don't get dehydrated. You may need to take desmopressin, a man-made form of vasopressin. It usually comes as a nasal spray. This treatment helps control urine. It also stops bedwetting by letting your body to absorb and manage water from your kidneys. If your body's thirst control is the cause of gestational DI, your doctor will prescribe other treatments.


Question: How is gestational diabetes insipidus diagnosed?

Answer: If your body's thirst control is the cause of gestational DI, your doctor will prescribe other treatments.


Question: What are the symptoms of gestational diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Most pregnant women make many trips to the bathroom at night due to pressure the growing baby puts on the bladder. But if you go a lot and have an intense thirst, it could be gestagenic diabetes. Other symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and weakness.


Question: What are some guidelines for taking potassium and magnesium?

Answer: While taking potassium or magnesium, have your blood pressure checked regularly as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that he can see how you're responding to the supplements. Blood tests might be done to help monitor the level and decide on the dose.


Question: What are examples of magnesium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food.


Question: What are some examples of potassium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food.


Question: What are some other guidelines when taking potassium and magnesium supplements?

Answer: While taking potassium or magnesium, have your blood pressure checked regularly as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that he can see how you're responding to the supplements. Blood tests might be done to help monitor the level and decide on the dose.


Question: What are some examples of magnesium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food.


Question: How does someone take potassium and magnesium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. Follow the label on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you take it will depend on which medicines you were prescribed and your condition.


Question: How do I take potassium and magnesium supplements?

Answer: Examples of potassium supplements include: Kaochlor 10% Kaon CL Kay Ciel K- Dur K- Lor Klotrix K- Lyte Slow- K Magnesium supplements include: Magnesium glycinate Mag- Ox Uro- Mag Take potassium and magnesium supplements right after meals or with food. Follow the label on how often to take it. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you take it will depend on which medicines you were prescribed and your condition.


Question: What should your sleep diary look like?

Answer: Keeping a sleep diary will let you learn about your sleep patterns and habits. Make a chart with spaces for: How long you think it took you to fall asleep when you first went to bed How long and well you slept How many times you woke up during the night and how long it took you to fall back asleep How much caffeine or alcohol you consumed and when What and when you ate and drank What emotion or stress you had What drugs or medications you took Here is an example of a sleep diary. Print it out and use it or create your own sleep diary. Date: Bedtime: Wake time: Duration of sleep: Number of times awake at night: Quality of sleep: Caffeine consumption and time consumed Alcohol consumption and time consumed Food/drink consumption and time consumed Emotions/ stress Medications .


Question: How can you use a sleep diary?

Answer: Make a chart with spaces for: How long you think it took you to fall asleep when you first went to bed How long and well you slept How many times you woke up during the night and how long it took you to fall back asleep How much caffeine or alcohol you consumed and when What and when you ate and drank What emotion or stress you had What drugs or medications you took Here is an example of a sleep diary. Print it out and use it or create your own sleep diary.


Question: What does targeted therapy for sarcoma mean?

Answer: Radiation can shrink the tumor before surgery or kill cancer cells that are left after surgery.


Question: What are the symptoms of soft tissue sarcomas?

Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body. Most often, the first sign is a painless lump. As the lump gets bigger, it might press against nerves or muscles and make you uncomfortable or give you trouble breathing, or both. There are no tests that can find these tumors before they cause symptoms that you notice.


Question: What tests are used to diagnose sarcoma?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.


Question: How are targeted therapies used to treat sarcoma?

Answer: Radiation can shrink the tumor before surgery or kill cancer cells that are left after surgery.


Question: What are the signs of a sarcoma?

Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body. Most often, the first sign is a painless lump. As the lump gets bigger, it might press against nerves or muscles and make you uncomfortable or give you trouble breathing, or both. There are no tests that can find these tumors before they cause symptoms that you notice.


Question: What is sarcoma?

Answer: Sarcomas are different from the much more common carcinomas because they happen in a different kind of tissue. Sarcomas grow in connective tissue -- cells that connect or support other kinds of tissue in your body. These tumors are most common in the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels of your arms and legs, but they can also happen in other areas of your body.. Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma.


Question: Who is likely to get sarcoma?

Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body.


Question: What are the symptoms of bone sarcomas?

Answer: Osteosarcoma can show obvious early symptoms, including: Pain off and on in the affected bone, which may be worse at night Swelling, which often starts weeks after the pain A limp, if the sarcoma is in your leg Children and young adults get osteosarcoma more often than adults.


Question: How is surgery done to treat sarcoma?

Answer: Surgery takes the tumor out of your body. In most cases of osteosarcoma, the doctor can remove just the cancer cells, and you won't need your arm or leg removed, too.


Question: Can sarcomas be removed?

Answer: Sarcomas can be treated, often by having surgery to remove the tumor.


Question: Who should see a doctor about osteosarcoma?

Answer: Osteosarcoma can show obvious early symptoms, including: Pain off and on in the affected bone, which may be worse at night Swelling, which often starts weeks after the pain A limp, if the sarcoma is in your leg Children and young adults get osteosarcoma more often than adults. And because healthy, active children and teens often have pain and swelling in their arms and legs, osteosarcoma might be mistaken for growing pains or a sports injury. If your child's pain doesn't get better, gets worse at night, and is in one arm or leg rather than both, talk to a doctor. Adults who have this kind of pain should see a doctor right away.


Question: What causes sarcomas?

Answer: We don't yet know what causes sarcoma, but we do know some things that raise the risk of developing one: Other people in your family have had sarcoma You have a bone disorder called Paget's disease You have a genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li- Fraumeni syndrome You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps during treatment for an earlier cancer Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot, because they can grow anywhere in your body.


Question: How is a sarcoma different from carcinoma?

Answer: Sarcomas are different from the much more common carcinomas because they happen in a different kind of tissue. Sarcomas grow in connective tissue -- cells that connect or support other kinds of tissue in your body. These tumors are most common in the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels of your arms and legs, but they can also happen in other areas of your body.. Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma.


Question: How is sarcoma treated?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.


Question: What does the treatment for sarcoma depend on?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.


Question: Are there different kinds of sarcoma?

Answer: Although there are more than 50 types of sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma. About 12,000 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and 1,000 new cases of bone sarcomas will be diagnosed in the U. S. in 2017.


Question: How is sarcoma diagnosed?

Answer: If your doctor thinks you may have a sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam and tests, including: A sample of cells from the tumor, called a biopsy Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside your body A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma How your sarcoma is treated depends on what type you have, where in your body it is, how developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of your body, or metastasized.


Question: Can chemotherapy be used for sarcoma?

Answer: Chemotherapy drugs can also be used with or instead of surgery. Chemo is often the first treatment when the cancer has spread.


Question: What is surgery for sarcoma?

Answer: Surgery takes the tumor out of your body. In most cases of osteosarcoma, the doctor can remove just the cancer cells, and you won't need your arm or leg removed, too.


Question: Does exercising prevent colds?

Answer: Low-fat yogurt may help stimulate the immune system. Regular exercise -- such as aerobics and walking -- also boosts the immune system. People who exercise may still catch a virus, but they have less severe symptoms. They may recover more quickly compared with less-healthy people.


Question: What are the best foods to eat for a cold?

Answer: Ginger seems to settle an upset stomach. A hot toddy may help you sleep, but beware of mixing alcohol with other cold remedies.


Question: What is the best natural way to prevent colds?

Answer: To prevent colds the natural way, it's best to make sure you've got a well-nourished immune system. Dark green foods like spinach are loaded with vitamins A and C. Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which fight inflammation. Low-fat yogurt may help stimulate the immune system.


Question: What are other tips to treat conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

Answer: Don't touch or rub the affected eye(s). Wash your hands often with soap and warm water. Wash your bed linens, pillowcases, and towels in hot water and detergent to reduce allergens. Avoid wearing eye makeup. Don't share eye makeup with anyone else. Never wear another person's contact lens. Wear glasses instead of contact lenses to reduce irritation. Wash your hands before applying the eye drops or ointment to your eye or your child's eye. Do not use eye drops that were used in an infected eye in a non-infected eye.


Question: How is allergic conjunctivitis (pink eye) treated?

Answer: Allergy-associated pink eye may disappear completely, either when the allergy is treated with antihistamines, or when the allergen is removed. So, the first line of treatment is allergen removal. This may include things like wearing a hat outside and washing your face frequently during allergy season. Your doctor also may recommend you use one or more of the following: Ocular (topical) decongestants: These medicines reduce redness by constricting small blood vessels in the eye. They are not recommended for long-term use. Using these drops for more than a few days can actually worsen symptoms. Ocular (topical) antihistamines: These medicines reduce redness, swelling, and itching by blocking the actions of histamine, the chemical that causes these symptoms of allergy. They are available both over-the-counter and by prescription. Ocular (topical) lubricants: People with allergic conjunctivitis often don't produce enough tears which make symptoms worse. Lubricant drops can be used hourly if needed. Ocular (topical) steroids: When other medicines fail, your doctor may prescribe steroid eye drops to relieve the symptoms of conjunctivitis. These must be used with the supervision of your doctor, because they can cause elevated pressure inside of the eye, which can lead to vision damage. Your doctor also must check for viral eye infections, such as herpes, before ocular steroids are used. These drops can also increase the risk of cataracts, clouding of the lens of the eye that can impair vision. Ocular (topical) mast cell stabilizers (such as Cromolyn): This medicine works by preventing specialized cells from releasing histamine. It works best when started before symptoms occur. Systemic (oral) versions of the above medications: These are used for severe cases. Immunotherapy : Allergy shots can be effective for treating pink eye caused by allergies. Oral tablets containing the same extracts as shots are also available.


Question: How is tonsillitis caused by bacteria treated?

Answer: In these cases, antibiotics may be prescribed without performing a rapid strep test If tests reveal bacteria, treatment will consist of antibiotics to cure the infection. Antibiotics may be given as a single shot or taken 10 days by mouth. Although symptoms will likely improve within two or three days after starting the antibiotic, it's important to take all of the medication your doctor prescribes to make sure the bacteria are gone. Some people need to take a second course of antibiotics to cure the infection.


Question: When would I need a tonsillectomy to treat tonsillitis?

Answer: Tonsils are an important part of the immune system throughout life, so it is best to avoid removing them. However, if tonsillitis is recurrent or persistent, or if enlarged tonsils cause upper airway obstruction or difficulty eating, surgical removal of the tonsils, called tonsillectomy, may be necessary. Most tonsillectomies involve using a conventional scalpel to remove the tonsils; however there are many alternatives to this traditional method. Increasingly doctors are using techniques such as lasers, radio waves, ultrasonic energy, or electrocautery to cut, burn, or evaporate away enlarged tonsils.


Question: What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

Answer: Other common causes include: Adenoviruses Influenza virus Epstein- Barr virus Parainfluenza viruses Enteroviruses Herpes simplex virus The main symptoms of tonsillitis are inflammation and swelling of the tonsils, sometimes severe enough to block the airways. Other symptoms include: Throat pain or tenderness Redness of the tonsils A white or yellow coating on the tonsils Painful blisters or ulcers on the throat Headache Loss of appetite Ear pain Difficulty swallowing or breathing through the mouth Swollen glands in the neck or jaw area Fever, chills Bad breath In children, symptoms may also include: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Treatment for tonsillitis will depend in part on the cause.


Question: What are the symptoms of tonsillitis in children?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Throat pain or tenderness Redness of the tonsils A white or yellow coating on the tonsils Painful blisters or ulcers on the throat Headache Loss of appetite Ear pain Difficulty swallowing or breathing through the mouth Swollen glands in the neck or jaw area Fever, chills Bad breath In children, symptoms may also include: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Treatment for tonsillitis will depend in part on the cause.


Question: What does post-surgery recovery for tonsillitis entail?

Answer: During the recovery period, it's important for your child to get enough rest. It's also important to make sure your child gets plenty of fluids; however, you should avoid giving your child milk products for the first 24 hours after surgery. Although throat pain may make your child reluctant to eat, the sooner your child eats, the sooner he or she will recover. For several days after surgery, your child may experience a low-grade fever and small specks of blood from the nose or saliva. If the fever is greater than 102 degrees Fahrenheit or if you see bright red blood, call your child's doctor right away. Prompt medical attention may be necessary.


Question: How is tonsillitis caused by a virus treated?

Answer: If the tonsillitis is caused by a virus, antibiotics won't work and your body will fight off the infection on its own. In the meantime, there are things you can do to feel better, regardless of the cause. They include: Get enough rest Drink warm or very cold fluids to ease throat pain Eat smooth foods, such as flavored gelatins, ice cream, or applesauce Use a cool-mist vaporizer or humidifier in your room Gargle with warm salt water Suck on lozenges containing benzocaine or other anesthetics Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.


Question: What should you expect after surgery for tonsillitis?

Answer: Tonsillectomy is an outpatient procedure performed under general anesthesia and typically lasting between 30 minutes and 45 minutes. It is most commonly performed in children. Most children go home about four hours after surgery and require a week to 10 days to recover from it. Almost all children will have throat pain, ranging from mild to severe, after surgery. Some may experience pain in the ears, jaw, and neck. Your child's doctor will prescribe or recommend medication to ease the pain.


Question: How is tonsillitis treated?

Answer: Other symptoms include: Throat pain or tenderness Redness of the tonsils A white or yellow coating on the tonsils Painful blisters or ulcers on the throat Headache Loss of appetite Ear pain Difficulty swallowing or breathing through the mouth Swollen glands in the neck or jaw area Fever, chills Bad breath In children, symptoms may also include: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Treatment for tonsillitis will depend in part on the cause. To determine the cause, your doctor may perform a rapid strep test or throat swab culture. Both tests involve gently swabbing the back of the throat close to the tonsils with a cotton swab. A lab test can detect a bacterial infection. A viral infection will not show on the test, but may be assumed if the test for bacteria is negative. In some cases, the physical findings are convincing enough to diagnose a probable bacterial infection. In these cases, antibiotics may be prescribed without performing a rapid strep test If tests reveal bacteria, treatment will consist of antibiotics to cure the infection.


Question: What kind of fluids should a baby or toddler with a cold have?

Answer: Extra fluids can thin out her mucus so her nose won't be as stuffy and she'll cough up all that gunk more easily. Most drinks, like water, juice, and milk, are fine. Warm liquids like chicken soup, apple cider, or hot chocolate can soothe a sore throat. Be sure they're warm, not hot, to avoid burns. Babies under 6 months should only drink breast milk or formula, not water or juice. But you may offer more milk than usual for coughs or colds.


Question: Can babies and toddlers have cold medicine?

Answer: Cough and cold medicines that are safe for grownups can cause serious side effects -- even life-threatening ones -- in children under age 2.


Question: How can I help a baby or toddler breathe at night if they are congested?

Answer: Simply place a pillow or folded towel under the head of your baby's mattress to create a slight angle. This will raise her head safely and help her to breathe.


Question: Do humidifiers help for babies and toddlers with colds?

Answer: Use a Humidifier Moisture in the air makes it easier to breathe, so run a humidifier in your child's bedroom at night. Cool-mist models are safer than those that produce steam. Follow cleaning instructions on the device to prevent mold.


Question: Can saline drops be used for babies and toddlers?

Answer: Saline nasal drops can thin the mucus in her nose and shrink swollen airways. Use them two or three times per day; any more often could make her nose sore. Saline drops may make it easier to remove mucus from your child's nose.


Question: Can ultrasound therapy help treat wrinkles?

Answer: The FDA has approved a technique called Ultherapy which uses ultrasound in a noninvasive technique to lift and tighten skin on the face, neck, and chin. It can also be used on wrinkles on the chest area.


Question: What is a type B aortic dissection?

Answer: This is when your lower, or descending, aorta tears. It, too, may reach into your abdomen.


Question: What are the treatments for aortic dissection?

Answer: He may also do blood tests and decide to do surgery, which involves removing the dissection and ârebuildingâ your aorta with a plastic tube, called a graft. Treatment often involves medications. These can include beta blockers and sodium nitroprusside ( Nitropress), which will help lower your blood pressure and heart rate. You may have to take these for the rest of your life.


Question: What genetic diseases increase your odds of having an aortic dissection?

Answer: Other things that make an aortic dissection more likely include: Hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis High blood pressure, or hypertension, that isn't being controlled A pre-existing bulging, or weakened, artery A bicuspid aortic valve (a valve with two leaflets) When the aorta is narrowed at birth, called aortic coarctation Smoking Certain genetic diseases also seem to increase your odds of having an aortic dissection, including: Turner's syndrome Marfan syndrome Connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers- Danlos syndrome and Loeys- Dietz syndrome Some inflammatory conditions, such as giant cell arteritis and syphilis Using cocaine, being pregnant, and even high-intensity weightlifting can raise your chances of having an aortic dissection.


Question: What causes an aortic dissection?

Answer: Aortic dissection happens in places where your aortic wall is weak. Over time, high blood pressure can weaken your aortic tissue. Sometimes the weakness is from a condition you're born with that affects the strength or size of your aorta. Marfan syndrome is one example. In rare cases it's caused by a traumatic injury to the chest, as can happen in a car accident, for example.


Question: What is a type A aortic dissection?

Answer: The tear happens in your upper aorta, which is also called the ascending aorta. It can extend into your abdomen, or in the area where your aorta leaves your heart.


Question: How can staying hydrated help with anal fissures?

Answer: That can help you prevent constipation. Drinking plenty of liquids adds fluid to your system, which can make stools softer and easier to pass. Be sure to drink more when the weather gets warmer or as you become more physically active. Not all drinks are good choices for staying hydrated. Too much alcohol can dehydrate you. Also, although a caffeinated drink may help you go to the bathroom, too much caffeine can dehydrate you as well.


Question: How does having regular bowel movement help prevent anal fissure?

Answer: If your body tells you it's time to have a bowel movement, don't put it off till later. Waiting too long or too often can weaken the signals that let you know it's time to go. The longer you hold it in, the dryer and harder it can get, which makes it tougher to pass.


Question: What are tips that can help me prevent anal fissures?

Answer: Check these habits regularly to lower your risk of getting a painful anal fissure: When using the bathroom, give yourself enough time to pass bowel movements comfortably. But don't sit on the toilet too long. Don't strain while passing stools. Keep the anal area dry. Gently clean yourself after each bowel movement. Use soft, dye-free, and scent-free toilet paper or wipes. Get treatment for ongoing diarrhea. If you have other conditions that contribute to anal fissures -- like Crohn's disease or IBS, for examples -- stay on top of your treatment.


Question: How does deep brain stimulation treat essential tremor nerve disorder?

Answer: Deep Brain Stimulation Also called "thalamic stimulation," deep brain stimulation is a way to inactivate the thalamus without destroying a part of the brain. The risks are, therefore, much less than with thalamotomy. Rather than destroying brain tissue, deep brain stimulation achieves the same effects using small electrical shocks.


Question: What are the disadvantages of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor nerve disorder?

Answer: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: The presence of a foreign object in the body, increasing the risk of infection.


Question: Are there risks associated with deep brain stimulation for essential tremor?

Answer: Advantages of this procedure are: no anesthesia no incisions no bur holes into the brain reduced risk of infection or damage to uneffected area Conversely, the disdvantages are: it produces s a nonreversible brain lesion is not effective in every case improvement can decline over time As with any surgery, there are potential risks associated with these forms of treatment for essential tremor. Talk with your doctor about these risks and any other potential complications.


Question: What are the advantages of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor nerve disorder?

Answer: Advantages of deep brain stimulation include: It doesn't destroy brain tissue and won't limit future treatment. The device can be removed at any time. It is adjustable. It may be more effective in controlling tremors than thalamotomy.


Question: What are side effects of thalamotomy?

Answer: Common, but temporary, side effects of thalamotomy include: Confusion Weakness Disturbed speech Balance problems The major disadvantage of thalamotomy is the permanent destruction of this area of the brain, which may limit future treatment options, and thalamotomy should only be performed under rare circumstances.


Question: What is thalamotomy?

Answer: Thalamotomy Thalamotomy is a surgery for Essential Tremor that destroys a small part of a structure in the brain called the thalamus. Surgeons typically perform this procedure on only one side of the brain because surgery on both sides of the brain increases the risk for potential complications. The procedure provides relief to the opposite side of the body. So, if the right side of the brain is operated on, the person will experience tremor relief on the left side of his body.


Question: How can you manage the itching of your cast?

Answer: It can be maddening if you can't reach a spot you need to scratch. Locate your itch, and tap it on the outside of the cast. You can also try blowing cool air from a hair dryer around the edges of the cast. Don't give into temptation and stick a pencil, a ruler, or any other objects inside the cast to relieve the itch. That could break your skin. Avoid applying lotions, oils, deodorant, or powder in or around the cast.


Question: How can anthralin help with skin conditions?

Answer: Anthralin : This drug, though not often used because it can be irritating and can stain, helps reduce inflammation and can help treat psoriasis.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Corticosteroids: These are used to treat skin conditions including eczema. Corticosteroids come in many different forms including foams, lotions, ointments, and creams.


Question: How are retinoids used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Retinoids: These medications (such as Retin- A, Differin, and Tazorac) are gels, foams, lotions, or creams derived from vitamin A and are used to treat conditions including acne.


Question: What benzoyl peroxide products are used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Benzoyl peroxide : Creams, gels, washes, and foams containing benzoyl peroxide are used to treat acne.


Question: How are enzyme inhibitors used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Enzyme inhibitors: Enzyme inhibitors such as apremilast ( Otezla) shuts down an enzyme in the immune system to fight inflammation. Eucrisa ointment is an enzyme inhibitor FDA approved for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis/eczema.


Question: What antifungal agents are used for skin conditions?

Answer: Antifungal agents: Clotrimazole ( Lotrimin), ketoconazole ( Nizoral), and terbinafine ( Lamisil AT), are a few examples of common topical antifungal drugs used to treat skin conditions such as ringworm and athlete's foot.


Question: How are oral antifungal agents used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Antifungal agents: Oral antifungal drugs include fluconazole and itraconazole. These drugs can be used to treat more severe fungal infections. Terbinafine is an oral antifungal medicine that may be used to treat fungal infections of the nails.


Question: What antibacterials are used for skin conditions?

Answer: Some common topical treatments for skin conditions include: Antibacterials: These medicines, including mupirocin or clindamycin, are often used to treat or prevent infection.


Question: How are oral antibiotics used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Some common oral or injection treatments for skin conditions include: Antibiotics: Oral antibiotics are used to treat many skin conditions. Common antibiotics include dicloxacillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.


Question: What corticosteroids are used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Corticosteroids: These medications, including prednisone, can be helpful in treating skin conditions linked to autoimmune diseases including vasculitis and inflammatory diseases such as eczema. Dermatologists prefer topical steroids to avoid side effects; however, short-term use of prednisone is sometimes necessary.


Question: How is coal tar used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Coal tar : This topical treatment is available with and without a prescription, with strengths ranging from 0.5% to 5%. Coal tar is used to treat conditions including seborrheic dermatitis (usually in shampoos) or psoriasis. Currently, coal tar is seldom used because it can be slow acting and can cause severe staining of personal clothing and bedding.


Question: How is salicylic acid used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Salicylic acid : This drug is sold in lotions, gels, soaps, shampoos, washes, and patches. Salicylic acid is the active ingredient in many skin care products for the treatment of acne and warts.


Question: How are antiviral agents used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Antiviral agents: Common antiviral agents include acyclovir ( Zovirax), famciclovir ( Famvir), and valacyclovir ( Valtrex). Antiviral treatments are used for skin conditions including those related to herpes and shingles.


Question: How are non-steroidal ointments used to treat skin conditions?

Answer: Non-steroidal ointment: The ointments crisaborole ( Eucrisa) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) and the cream pimecrolimus ( Elidel) also are prescribed for eczema, including atopic dermatitis.


Question: What things do I need to consider before treating central precocious puberty (CPP)?

Answer: Most doctors treat a child younger than 7 years old. When you're thinking about whether to treat CPP in an older child, you'll want to think about: Your child's age How slow or fast they're developing How your child has been reacting The chance of early menstruation Concerns about their height as an adult Talk these things over with your child's doctor before you make any decisions.


Question: What is central precocious puberty?

Answer: But central precocious puberty ( CPP) is a rare condition. It happens when the body matures sooner -- perhaps years earlier -- than expected. Puberty usually starts around age 7 1/2 in girls and around age 9 in boys. For some children, such as those who are African- American or Hispanic, normal puberty may happen as early as age 6 in girls and age 8 in boys. But with CPP, signs of puberty, such as budding breasts and body hair, show up much sooner than parents might anticipate. It's more common for girls.


Question: What nutrients can help prevent osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer: Although no specific diet has been shown to prevent osteoarthritis, certain nutrients have been associated with a reduced risk of the disease or its severity. They include: Omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats reduce joint inflammation, while unhealthy fats can increase it. Good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish oil and certain plant/nut oils, including walnut, canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, and olive. Vitamin D. A handful of studies has shown that vitamin D supplements decreased knee pain in people with osteoarthritis. Your body makes most of the vitamin D it needs in response to sunlight. You can get more vitamin D in your diet by eating fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines, and herring; vitamin D-fortified milk and cereal; and eggs.


Question: How do I reduce osteoarthritis (OA) pain?

Answer: In addition, there are many treatments your doctor can recommend or prescribe. They range from over-the-counter pain relievers to injections of corticosteroids or other compounds and, eventually, surgery to replace the painful, damaged joint.


Question: What should someone do if the side effects of their drugs become bothersome?

Answer: If a drug causes side effects that bother you, don't just stop taking it. Talk to your doctor first. You might need to take a lower dose, switch to another drug, or get treatment for the side effects.


Question: What can happen if someone stops taking their Crohn's drugs?

Answer: People who don't stick to their drug plan are more likely to get flares. That can cause problems. Repeated flares can lead to things like narrowing of your intestines. Or you might get fistulas, which are abnormal connections between the intestines and your skin or other organs. If a drug causes side effects that bother you, don't just stop taking it.


Question: What should a Crohn's patient do if they smoke?

Answer: You already know that smoking is bad for you. Did you know it can make Crohn's disease worse and harder to control?


Question: Who is most likely to have flare-ups?

Answer: People who are both depressed and anxious are more likely to have flares. If you're feeling down or upset about your health (or anything else), let your family and friends know how they can help you. Don't hesitate to get help from your doctor, or from a counselor who has experience helping people with Crohn's or other long-term conditions.


Question: What should a Crohn's patient do who has tried quitting smoking before?

Answer: It can take a few tries to kick the habit for good. Tell your doctor that you're working on it, and ask for advice.


Question: How does stress affect Crohn's?

Answer: It doesn't cause the illness, but it can make you feel worse. Get regular exercise and do things that help you relax, like yoga and meditation. You handle problems better when you're rested, so make sleep a priority, too.


Question: Why is it important to eat healthily?

Answer: When your Crohn's disease flares, it can be hard for your small intestine to take in nutrients. So when you don't have symptoms, it's really important to eat healthy.


Question: How does palliative care help?

Answer: People who get palliative care have less pain, depression, nausea, and shortness of breath. They spend less time in intensive care and are less likely to have to go back into the hospital. People who pair it with their cancer treatment have a better quality of life and mood than those who don't get it at all.


Question: What is palliative care?

Answer: It focuses on easing symptoms like nausea, pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath. And it helps you manage the stress of cancer by helping you handle the emotional side of the disease. Treatments might include medicine, nutrition therapy, physical therapy, and relaxation techniques like deep breathing. You may also be offered emotional and spiritual counseling, as well as practical help to manage insurance, legal, or employment issues. Palliative care can help guide you when it's time to make decisions about your treatment.


Question: Who pays the tab for palliative care?

Answer: Ask your health care team or your hospital's social worker if you have questions.


Question: How do liquids help treat my cold?

Answer: The liquid loosens the mucus that's backed up in your sinuses. Hot tea is good. So is chicken soup.


Question: When should I call a doctor to treat a cold?

Answer: Call your doctor if your symptoms stick around for more than a week, or if they get worse after about 5 days.


Question: What should I do before taking a decongestant for sinuses?

Answer: Also make that call if you have diabetes, an enlarged prostate, thyroid disease, or heart disease. While you take this type of medication, watch for side effects like nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness.


Question: How can doctors tell how much pain a child is in?

Answer: The most difficult task involved in treating pain in children is obtaining an objective and accurate measurement of the pain. In general, there are three ways in which doctors can assess the level of pain a child is feeling: Self-reported measures of pain: Doctors may ask children to rate their pain on a scale of 1-10 or show pictures that reflect different emotions and ask them which best illustrates how they are feeling. Behavioral measures of pain: Doctors will evaluate the child's motor responses, facial expressions, crying and behavior (for example, sleep-wake patterns). Physiologic measures of pain: Doctors measure blood pressure and pulse changes, as well as take note of palm sweating.


Question: What is hemicrania continua?

Answer: This is a rare type of headache, but it causes pain that's usually on one side of your face and head.


Question: What happens if I overuse pain medications?

Answer: Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).


Question: How is hemicrania continua treated?

Answer: You may have other symptoms, too, including: Red, teary eyes A stuffy or runny nose A drooping eyelid A small pupil, the black circle in the center of your eye You can treat hemicrania continua with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) called indomethacin ( Indocin, Tivorbex). Usually, it provides quick relief, but it can cause stomach side effects, so you might need an acid-fighting drug. Another NSAID, celecoxib ( Celebrex), can also treat your pain if you can't handle indomethacin's side effects. Sometimes, doctors also prescribe tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, to prevent these headaches.


Question: What things can trigger a tension headache?

Answer: When you get a tension-type headache, you may have a constant, aching pressure that feels like a band wrapped around your head. Many things can trigger it, such as: Stress Depression Too little rest Poor posture Tension-type headaches typically affect both sides of your head.


Question: What other therapies besides medications can help treat migraine headaches?

Answer: Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).


Question: What are the symptoms of a migraine headache?

Answer: This type of headache could also signal a condition known as migraine which causes throbbing pain, often on one side of your head. Other symptoms include: Sensitivity to light, noise, and smells Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision or seeing spots, dots, or zigzag lines.


Question: What is a chronic daily headache?

Answer: If you get them for 4 hours or longer at least half of each month, and for more than 3 months, you might have what doctors call a chronic daily headache. Different treatments can bring relief, but first you need to figure out what type of headache you have.


Question: What are the ways to approach migraine treatment?

Answer: Migraines headaches can last from half an hour to several days. Your doctor may use certain medications to keep them from happening as often. Your doctor may also give you medicine to get rid of nausea from the headaches. Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).


Question: How is hemicrania continua diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor may diagnose hemicrania continua if you have head pain continuously for at least 3 months without the pain shifting sides or ever going away. It's usually moderate but can get better or worse, at times turning into brief, piercing head pain. You may have other symptoms, too, including: Red, teary eyes A stuffy or runny nose A drooping eyelid A small pupil, the black circle in the center of your eye You can treat hemicrania continua with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) called indomethacin ( Indocin, Tivorbex).


Question: What over-the-counter drugs treat migraine headaches?

Answer: Your doctor may also give you medicine to get rid of nausea from the headaches.


Question: What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Red, itchy skin rash: Call your doctor. Don't treat the rash yourself. Dizziness , lightheadedness, or faintness upon rising: These may be strongest after the first dose, especially if you have been taking a diuretic (water pill). Get up more slowly. Call your doctor if these symptoms persist or are severe. Salty or metallic taste and a decreased ability to taste: This effect usually goes away as you continue taking the medication. Cough: If this symptom persists or is severe, call your doctor. Otherwise, ask him what type of cough medicine you may use.


Question: How do I take ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Examples of them include: Benazepril ( Lotensin) Captopril ( Capoten) Enalapril ( Vasotec) Fosinopril ( Monopril) Lisinopril ( Prinivil, Zestril) Moexipril ( Univasc) Perindopril ( Aceon) Quinapril ( Accupril) Ramipril ( Altace) Trandolapril ( Mavik) They're usually taken on an empty stomach an hour before meals. Follow the label on how often to take them. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you'll take your ACE inhibitor will depend on what you were prescribed as well as your condition.


Question: What are some examples of ACE inhibitors to treat heart failure?

Answer: Examples of them include: Benazepril ( Lotensin) Captopril ( Capoten) Enalapril ( Vasotec) Fosinopril ( Monopril) Lisinopril ( Prinivil, Zestril) Moexipril ( Univasc) Perindopril ( Aceon) Quinapril ( Accupril) Ramipril ( Altace) Trandolapril ( Mavik) They're usually taken on an empty stomach an hour before meals.


Question: When should you call the doctor right away about side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: If you have any of the following side effects, call your doctor right away: Sore throat Fever Mouth sores Unusual bruising Fast or irregular heartbeat Chest pain Swelling of feet, ankles, or lower legs Confusion Nervousness Numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Weakness or heaviness in legs If you have swelling of your neck, face, or tongue , get emergency medical help immediately. Call 9-1-1 or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: How do I take ACE inhibitors for heart failure?

Answer: Examples of them include: Benazepril ( Lotensin) Captopril ( Capoten) Enalapril ( Vasotec) Fosinopril ( Monopril) Lisinopril ( Prinivil, Zestril) Moexipril ( Univasc) Perindopril ( Aceon) Quinapril ( Accupril) Ramipril ( Altace) Trandolapril ( Mavik) They're usually taken on an empty stomach an hour before meals. Follow the label on how often to take them. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you'll take your ACE inhibitor will depend on what you were prescribed as well as your condition.


Question: Should I avoid certain foods or medicine while taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: These include: Salt substitutes: They have potassium, and ACE inhibitors make your body retain potassium. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (like aspirin, ibuprofen , and naproxen ): These may cause your body to retain sodium and water and decrease the effect of an ACE inhibitor. Check with your doctor before taking any anti-inflammatory drugs. It is important that your doctor know about all the medicines you're taking, as some may interact with ACE inhibitors. Talk to your doctor before taking any new medication, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements.


Question: What foods and medicines should you avoid while taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: These include: Salt substitutes: They have potassium, and ACE inhibitors make your body retain potassium. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs (like aspirin, ibuprofen , and naproxen ): These may cause your body to retain sodium and water and decrease the effect of an ACE inhibitor. Check with your doctor before taking any anti-inflammatory drugs.


Question: When should you call your doctor about the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: If you have any of the following side effects, call your doctor right away: Sore throat Fever Mouth sores Unusual bruising Fast or irregular heartbeat Chest pain Swelling of feet, ankles, or lower legs Confusion Nervousness Numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Weakness or heaviness in legs If you have swelling of your neck, face, or tongue , get emergency medical help immediately. Call 9-1-1 or go to the nearest emergency room. If you become sick with severe vomiting or diarrhea, you may become dehydrated, which can lead to low blood pressure. Call your doctor. Also contact your doctor if you have any other symptoms that cause concern.


Question: How is the rheumatoid factor blood test done?

Answer: Your doctor will use a needle to collect blood from a vein, and then send your blood sample to a lab for testing.


Question: What is the rheumatoid factor blood test?

Answer: This is a simple blood test that measures rheumatoid factor, an antibody that, if it is present, will help your doctor know if you have rheumatoid arthritis. Your body produces antibodies when it detects harmful substances.


Question: When is the rheumatoid factor blood test used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The test also helps your doctor tell the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and other types of arthritis, as well as other conditions.


Question: How is a rheumatoid factor test administered?

Answer: It's quick and almost painless. Your doctor will use a needle to collect blood from a vein, and then send your blood sample to a lab for testing.


Question: What is the rheumatoid factor test?

Answer: This is a simple blood test that measures rheumatoid factor, an antibody that, if it is present, will help your doctor know if you have rheumatoid arthritis. Your body produces antibodies when it detects harmful substances. The test also helps your doctor tell the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and other types of arthritis, as well as other conditions.


Question: What is the American College of Rheumatology?

Answer: American College of Rheumatology The ACR is a prominent organization of doctors, scientists, and health care experts. On the ACR site, you can find information on the latest educational programs, topical research, and recommended medications. There is also a section for people who aren't doctors that explains rheumatic diseases and conditions, and support for caregivers.


Question: What is the Arthritis Foundation?

Answer: Arthritis Foundation This is a national not-for-profit group that provides a wealth of information and support for all types of arthritis, including RA. On the web site, you can learn more about rheumatoid arthritis, review the latest studies, and even find support with others who have the condition.


Question: What is National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Answer: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIAMS, part of the National Institutes of Health, is a large group of professionals that support ongoing research in arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases. The NIAMS web site includes information on arthritis, back pain, gout, knee problems, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and more.


Question: Are ear infections reversible?

Answer: If you have one, you may notice mild hearing loss, as if you were wearing earplugs. An infection usually happens when fluid gets stuck in your middle ear. That's because the fluid makes it easier for bacteria to grow. Viruses can also cause hearing loss. Some ear infections get better on their own. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat it. If you or someone you know gets these infections often, ear tubes -- small cylinders that keep the middle ear open -- can treat them, especially in children.


Question: Is sudden sensorineural hearing loss reversible?

Answer: This happens when you lose all or part of your hearing (usually in just one ear) all at once or over a few days. About half of people with the condition regain their hearing on their own, but sometimes it doesn't come back completely. It usually gets better in a week or two. It is critical to see an ear, nose and throat ( ENT) specialist when this happens so treatment can begin right away. This type of hearing loss can be treated with corticosteroid pills or shots.


Question: What is recovery from ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib) like?

Answer: If you go home, plan to have someone drive you. You may feel a little sore and tired at first, but you'll be back to normal soon. For surgical ablation called mini-maze, you're in the hospital just a couple of days and will need to take it easy for a few weeks. Open-heart maze is major surgery. You'll spend a day or two in intensive care, and you may be in the hospital up to a week.


Question: What is the outlook for someone who has catheter ablation?

Answer: Catheter ablation may not cure your AFib, but it will often relieve your symptoms. If you've had AFib a long time, you'll likely need a repeat treatment to keep your heartbeat normal. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.


Question: What complications can happen after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Catheter ablation is considered safe. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.


Question: When should I call my doctor about tendonitis?

Answer: The symptoms of tendinitis (also called overuse tendinopathy) include: Pain or tenderness at or near a joint, especially around a shoulder, wrist, elbow, or ankle Stiffness that, along with the pain, restricts the movement of the joint involved Mild swelling or thickening of the tendon near the joint Your pain doesn't ease up in seven to 10 days; you want to avoid letting chronic overuse tendinopathy set in. Your pain is extremely severe and accompanied by swelling and a marked loss of motion; you may have a ruptured tendon, which requires immediate medical attention.


Question: Can small lymphocytic lymphoma be cured?

Answer: SLL tends to be a slow-growing cancer. In time, though, SLL can turn into a more aggressive type of lymphoma. After initial treatment for SLL, many people have a period of remission, when there are no signs of active disease. The illness may not return. But for some people, SLL does come back. If the lymphoma returns, doctors can treat you again.


Question: What can you do to stay healthy with small lymphocytic lymphoma?

Answer: Try your best to avoid infections. Eat a healthy diet, get proper rest, and stay away from sick people. Ask your doctor about which vaccinations you should receive, such as shots to prevent flu and pneumonia. Living with a serious illness poses many challenges, both physically and emotionally. For strength and support, surround yourself with those who care about you. They can offer comfort, as well as practical support. You may also find it helpful to talk to a professional counselor, spiritual leader, or a support group.


Question: What would I feel if I have angina?

Answer: Angina isn't a condition or disease. It's a symptom, and sometimes it can signal a heart attack. The sensations may occur with normal activities but then go away with rest or when you take nitroglycerin. You may feel: Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts for more than 5 minutes, or doesn't improve after you've taken nitroglycerin.


Question: When should I get medical attention for my angina?

Answer: You may feel: Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts for more than 5 minutes, or doesn't improve after you've taken nitroglycerin. Doctors call that âunstableâ angina,â and it's an emergency that could be related to a heart attack. If you instead have âstableâ angina, which is the most common kind, your symptoms usually happen with predictable triggers (such as a strong emotion, physical activity, extreme hot and cold temperatures, or even a heavy meal). The symptoms go away if you rest or take nitroglycerin that your doctor has prescribed. If not, call 911.


Question: What are common symptoms of a stroke?

Answer: They can include these sudden problems: Severe headache with no known cause Confusion -- trouble speaking or understanding Numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body Trouble seeing in one or both eyes; double vision Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination Call 911 right away and get to an emergency room. Every second counts. The sooner treatment starts, the better.


Question: When can I exercise after recovery from a stress fracture?

Answer: For the next six to eight weeks -- or until you're free of pain -- avoid the activity that caused the stress fracture, and avoid putting too much weight on the affected area. If you exercise again too soon, you could delay the healing process. You could even cause damage that may never heal properly. When you are ready to return to the activity, do it slowly. If you rush back in, you could re-injure yourself. Very severe stress fractures that won't heal on their own may require surgery. Full recovery may take months or years.


Question: How is a stress fracture treated?

Answer: The initial treatment for a stress fracture is to elevate the extremity and rest while the bone heals itself. Ice the affected area for 24 to 48 hours and reduce your activity. For pain, you may use NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin. Depending on which bone is involved, your doctor may recommend a splint or cast to immobilize the affected area.


Question: When can I go back to full weight-bearing after treatment for stress fractures?

Answer: When the swelling has decreased to the point you can see skin creases, you can begin partially putting weight on the area. In some cases, crutches or a cane is necessary. Usually, you can begin full weight-bearing at two weeks after the symptoms started, but don't do anything that causes pain. Weight-bearing stimulates healing.


Question: When should my child get medical attention for croup?

Answer: No matter which type of croup it is, any time your child has difficulty breathing, retractions (when his skin pulls tight around his ribs), or stridor at rest, immediate medical attention is needed. Stridor when crying, agitated, or playing, or a barky cough is not an emergency.


Question: What is croup?

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Question: What causes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: But researchers do have a few theories: IBS sufferers may have a more sensitive colon than others. In people with IBS, the brain may perceive contractions in the gut more acutely than others. The immune system may respond differently to stress and infection in people with IBS. Hormonal changes may trigger IBS symptoms (70% of those who suffer from IBS are women). The neurotransmitter serotonin that is produced in the gut may act on digestive tract nerves. Those with diarrhea may have increased serotonin levels in the gut, while those with constipation-predominant IBS have decreased amounts.


Question: Should I see the doctor if I have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: If you think you may have IBS, see your doctor for proper diagnosis and care. Depending on the type of IBS that you have, there are various treatment options, including dietary changes, stress management, medication, behavioral therapy, and alternative treatments. "


Question: Is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) a real medical condition?

Answer: Though no one fully understands what causes IBS, doctors do agree that IBS is a bona fide medical condition. They do not think it's "all in your head." According to the American College of Gastroenterology, IBS is also clearly defined by what it is not: It is not an anatomical or a structural problem. It is not an identifiable physical or chemical disorder. It is not a cancer and will not cause cancer. It will not cause other gastrointestinal diseases.


Question: What are the characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer: Basically, IBS is a collection of symptoms that has been ongoing for at least 6 months, and has occurred at least 3 times a month in the past 3 months. IBS always involves abdominal pain or discomfort. This pain must have two of these three characteristics to be diagnosed IBS: Relieved with defecation Associated with a change in frequency of stool Associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool Certain foods or situations may trigger a flare-up of IBS symptoms.


Question: How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) defined?

Answer: Though no one fully understands what causes IBS, doctors do agree that IBS is a bona fide medical condition. They do not think it's "all in your head." According to the American College of Gastroenterology, IBS is also clearly defined by what it is not: It is not an anatomical or a structural problem. It is not an identifiable physical or chemical disorder. It is not a cancer and will not cause cancer. It will not cause other gastrointestinal diseases. Basically, IBS is a collection of symptoms that has been ongoing for at least 6 months, and has occurred at least 3 times a month in the past 3 months. IBS always involves abdominal pain or discomfort.


Question: What is the allergic march?

Answer: For some kids, eczema and allergies come in a specific order as they get older. It starts with eczema, then food allergies, asthma, then hay fever. It's called the allergic march. But just because your child has eczema doesn't mean she'll get the above things. It just means there's a higher risk of it happening.


Question: Is eczema in kids linked to allergies and asthma?

Answer: It starts with eczema, then food allergies, asthma, then hay fever.


Question: What is the connection between eczema, allergies, and asthma?

Answer: Doctors used to think eczema was just a sign of an allergic reaction -- your body overreacting to a harmless allergen, like pollen or dander. Now, most agree that eczema is actually a problem with the outer layer of your skin. Instead of working as a barrier, your skin is "leaky" and lets in germs, irritants, or allergens. Most experts don't believe that eczema is purely allergic. Still, they know it's clearly connected to allergic conditions like food allergies, hay fever, and asthma. Up to 80% of kids with eczema get hay fever or asthma later in childhood. Thirty-five percent of adults with asthma or nasal allergies had eczema when they were kids. If a mom has allergies, there's almost a 1 in 3 chance her baby will have eczema. Thirty-seven percent of kids with moderate to severe eczema also have food allergies.


Question: How can I treat a viral infection of my eye?

Answer: But you can't wear them all the time.


Question: How do I know if I have an eye infection from wearing contact lenses?

Answer: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.


Question: How do I get parasites in my eye?

Answer: Tiny one-celled animals called acanthamoeba live in water, including tap water, swimming pools, and hot tubs. They can infect your eye more easily if you're wearing contacts while you're in the water. If you wear contacts, avoid opening your eyes in a hot tub where this parasite is typically found. They're also the reason you shouldn't use water -- even distilled or bottled water -- to clean and store your contacts. Keratitis caused by these parasites is very hard to treat. You may need a cornea transplant.


Question: How often do people get fungal infections in the eye?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.


Question: What can cause keratitis?

Answer: The herpes simplex virus -- both the kind that causes cold sores and the kind responsible for the STD -- can cause keratitis. You can transfer it if you touch an active herpes sore and then touch your eye. Viruses that cause upper respiratory infections and the chickenpox virus can also infect your cornea.


Question: When should someone stop wearing contact lenses?

Answer: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.


Question: Can I get fungal infections in my eye?

Answer: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.


Question: How does intermediate-acting insulin work to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Intermediate-acting insulin: It takes longer for your body to absorb than the fast-acting kind, but it lasts longer. It's good at controlling your blood sugar overnight and between meals.


Question: How does amylin analog treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Amylin analog: This type slows your digestion. That keeps your glucose level down and helps your liver leave the numbers low. You inject these before meals.


Question: Where can someone use a syringe on their body to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer: You may put them in your: Belly Thigh Buttocks Upper arm Pen: These have a needle at the tip.


Question: What causes sensory processing disorder?

Answer: But a 2006 study of twins found that hypersensitivity to light and sound may have a strong genetic component. Other experiments have shown that children with sensory processing problems have abnormal brain activity when they are simultaneously exposed to light and sound. Still other experiments have shown that children with sensory processing problems will continue to respond strongly to a stroke on the hand or a loud sound, while other children quickly get used to the sensations.


Question: What is it like to have sensory processing disorder?

Answer: Common sounds may be painful or overwhelming. The light touch of a shirt may chafe the skin. Others with sensory processing disorder may: Be uncoordinated Bump into things Be unable to tell where their limbs are in space Be hard to engage in conversation or play Sensory processing problems are usually identified in children.


Question: What therapy is available for sensory processing disorder?

Answer: The therapy was developed by Stanley Greenspan, MD, and Serena Wieder, Ph D. A major part of this therapy is the "floor-time" method. The method involves multiple sessions of play with the child and parent. The play sessions last about 20 minutes. During the sessions, parents are first asked to follow the child's lead, even if the playtime behavior isn't typical. For example, if a child is rubbing the same spot on the floor over and over, the parent does the same. These actions allow the parent to "enter" into the child's world. This is followed by a second phase, where parents use the play sessions to create challenges for the child. The challenges help pull the child into what Greenspan calls a "shared" world with the parent. And the challenges create opportunities for the child to master important skills in areas such as: Relating Communicating Thinking The sessions are tailored to the child's needs. For instance, if the child tends to under-react to touch and sound, the parent needs to be very energetic during the second phase of the play sessions.


Question: How is sensory processing disorder treated?

Answer: But in general, it involves helping children do better at activities they're normally not good at and helping them get used to things they can't tolerate. Treatment for sensory processing problems is called sensory integration. The goal of sensory integration is to challenge a child in a fun, playful way so he or she can learn to respond appropriately and function more normally.


Question: Can icing the elbow help treat tennis elbow?

Answer: Types of treatment that help are: Icing the elbow to reduce pain and swelling. Experts recommend doing it for 20 to 30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days or until the pain is gone.


Question: How can you tell if you are ready to return to your former level of activity if you have tennis elbow?

Answer: Whatever you do, don't rush your recovery. If you start pushing yourself before your tennis elbow is healed, you could make the damage worse. You are ready to return to your former level of activity when: Gripping objects or bearing weight on your arm or elbow is no longer painful. Your injured elbow feels as strong as your other elbow. Your elbow is no longer swollen. You can flex and move the elbow without any trouble.


Question: Can doing exercises and physical therapy help treat tennis elbow?

Answer: Performing range of motion exercises to reduce stiffness and increase flexibility. Your doctor may recommend that you do them three to five times a day. Getting physical therapyto strengthen and stretch the muscles.


Question: What are the symptoms of tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow might result from: Tennis Racquetball Squash Fencing Weight lifting It can also affect people with jobs or hobbies that require repetitive arm movements or gripping such as: Carpentry Typing Painting Raking Knitting The symptoms of tennis elbow include pain and tenderness in the bony knob on the outside of your elbow. This knob is where the injured tendons connect to the bone. The pain may also radiate into the upper or lower arm. Although the damage is in the elbow, you're likely to hurt when doing things with your hands.


Question: Can getting injections help treat tennis elbow?

Answer: Having injections of steroids or painkillers to temporarily ease some of the swelling and pain around the joint. Studies suggest that steroid injections don't help in the long term.


Question: What is tennis elbow?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Tennis elbow is a type of tendinitis -- swelling of the tendons -- that causes pain in the elbow and arm. These tendons are bands of tough tissue that connect the muscles of your lower arm to the bone. Despite its name, you can still get tennis elbow even if you've never been near a tennis court. Instead, any repetitive gripping activities, especially if they use the thumb and first two fingers, may contribute to tennis elbow.


Question: How does tennis elbow develop?

Answer: Tennis elbow usually develops over time. Repetitive motions -- like gripping a racket during a swing -- can strain the muscles and put too much stress on the tendons. That constant tugging can eventually cause microscopic tears in the tissue.


Question: When might surgery be needed to treat tennis elbow?

Answer: But if you have a severe case of tennis elbow that doesn't respond to two to four months of conservative treatment, you may need surgery. In the procedure, the damaged section of tendon usually is removed and the remaining tendon repaired. Surgery works in about 85%-90% of cases.


Question: What physical movements will cause the most pain when you have tennis elbow?

Answer: Tennis elbow may cause the most pain when you: Lift something Make a fist or grip an object, such as a tennis racket Open a door or shake hands Raise your hand or straighten your wrist Tennis elbow is similar to another condition called golfer's elbow, which affects the tendons on the inside of the elbow.


Question: Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help treat tennis elbow?

Answer: Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ( NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin, to help with pain and swelling. However, these drugs can cause side effects, such as bleeding and ulcers. You should only use them occasionally, unless your doctor says otherwise, since they may delay healing.


Question: Are most people who get weight loss surgery happy with the results?

Answer: Obesity-related medical conditions usually improve with this weight loss, sometimes to the point where medication is no longer needed, including: Type 2 diabetes Obstructive sleep apnea High blood pressure After weight loss surgery, most people -- about 95% -- say their quality of life is better. Some studies also suggest people live longer after weight loss surgery, compared to equally obese people who don't get surgery.


Question: How can I prevent allergy when I am traveling?

Answer: Pack your allergy meds in your carry-on bag. Saline nasal spray can be especially helpful on planes and in hotel rooms where the air is dry. Bring an extra supply of medication in case you need them. Ask for a non- smoking room. Ask for non-allergenic pillows. Or bring your own hypoallergenic pillow cover from home. If possible, keep the vent on the room air conditioner shut. Eat in smoke-free restaurants.


Question: What is a callus?

Answer: Calluses are thickenings of the outermost layer of the skin and are painless. They can develop on hands, feet, or anywhere there is repeated friction -- even on a violinist's chin. Like corns, calluses have several variants. The common callus usually occurs when there's been a lot of rubbing against the hands or feet. A plantar callus is found on the bottom of the foot.


Question: How can blood tests help in the diagnosis of Buergerâs disease?

Answer: These help our doctor to see if other diseases might be causing your symptoms. He may order tests to check for conditions like diabetes, lupus, and those that cause blood clots.


Question: What happens when you get an Allen test?

Answer: This is a basic blood flow test that can be done in your doctor's office. First, you squeeze your hand into a hard fist, which pushes blood out of your hand. Your doctor then presses on the arteries of your wrist to slow the flow of blood back into your hand. At this point, your hand will lose its normal color. When you open your hand, your doctor releases the pressure over the artery on one side of the wrist. Then he releases the artery on the other side. If takes a while for your hand to go back to its normal color, it may be a sign of Buerger's disease.


Question: How is a small-gauge vitrectomy done for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA)?

Answer: Small-gauge vitrectomy: Your eye surgeon may choose to use a more recently developed instrument of smaller size to remove the vitreous gel to relieve the pulling on the macula. You get local anesthesia. Because a smaller cutting/suction hand piece is used and the cut is smaller, you don't need any sutures or stitches. Recovery time is quicker. You may also have less discomfort afterward.


Question: What foods and beverages may sulfites be added to?

Answer: Sulfites may be added to foods and beverages such as: Apple cider and other types of cider Avocado dip Beer and wine Condiments, jams, gravies, and molasses Dried fruits and vegetables Fruit and vegetable juices Peeled potatoes (including french fries) Pickled meats and vegetables Restaurant food and other prepared foods Shrimp and shellfish Sulfites may also occur naturally in foods such as: Asparagus Chives Corn starch Eggs Fish, such as salmon and dried cod Garlic Leeks Lettuce Maple syrup Onions Soy Tomatoes According to federal law, sulfites cannot be added to foods that are intended to be eaten raw, such as fruits and vegetables.


Question: In what foods and beverages may sulfites occur naturally?

Answer: Sulfites may be added to foods and beverages such as: Apple cider and other types of cider Avocado dip Beer and wine Condiments, jams, gravies, and molasses Dried fruits and vegetables Fruit and vegetable juices Peeled potatoes (including french fries) Pickled meats and vegetables Restaurant food and other prepared foods Shrimp and shellfish Sulfites may also occur naturally in foods such as: Asparagus Chives Corn starch Eggs Fish, such as salmon and dried cod Garlic Leeks Lettuce Maple syrup Onions Soy Tomatoes According to federal law, sulfites cannot be added to foods that are intended to be eaten raw, such as fruits and vegetables.


Question: What can happen if I have asthma and a sulfite allergy?

Answer: Unfortunately, 5%-10% of people with asthma are also allergic to sulfites. An allergy is an increased sensitivity to a specific substance (called an allergen). The combination of asthma and sulfites can be dangerous. If you have asthma and sulfite allergy, eating foods or taking drugs that contain sulfites can even be life-threatening. "


Question: How can someone be allergic to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer: They can cause allergies. Some people with asthma are sensitive to some NSAIDs. The drugs may worsen breathing, and many specialists recommend that people who have asthma not take certain NSAIDs. The risk may be greater in people with sinus problems or nasal polyps. If you have asthma, make sure your arthritis doctor knows. Some NSAIDs may be safer for you.


Question: What are some precautions for using  non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer: Use NSAIDs with caution if you have kidney or liver disease, heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, lupus, asthma, or ulcers. Tell your doctor about all drugs and supplements you take. NSAIDs may interact with blood thinners, cyclosporine, lithium, or methotrexate. Let your doctor know if you're sensitive to aspirin.


Question: Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) raise the risk for heart attack and stroke?

Answer: All prescription NSAIDs are linked to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. They carry a warning about that. While the actual risk of a heart attack and stroke with NSAIDs is unknown, medical studies are in progress to help find that answer. The risk is likely greatest for people who have heart disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. You and your doctor can weigh the risks and benefits.


Question: What is vimovo?

Answer: Vimovo is a combination of naproxen and the acid blocker Nexium.


Question: What are the most common side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer: The most common ones include: Stomach problems, including pain, constipation, diarrhea, gas, nausea, and stomach ulcers Kidney problems Anemia Dizziness Swelling in the legs Abnormal liver tests (blood tests) Headaches Easy bruising Ringing in the ears Rash NSAIDs may also raise blood pressure. If you have high BP, keep a close eye on your blood pressure. Let your doctor know if it goes up. Most people take these meds with few to no side effects, though.


Question: Do all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs raise the risk of having a stroke?

Answer: All prescription NSAIDs are linked to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. They carry a warning about that. While the actual risk of a heart attack and stroke with NSAIDs is unknown, medical studies are in progress to help find that answer. The risk is likely greatest for people who have heart disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. You and your doctor can weigh the risks and benefits.


Question: Can I take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs if I have high blood pressure?

Answer: NSAIDs can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, which may cause these organs not to work as well. This makes fluid build up in your body, which can raise your blood pressure. So, if you take these meds, you will probably get a blood test from time to time to check how well your kidneys work.


Question: How serious is the risk for stomach ulcers from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer: The chance of getting an ulcer or stomach bleeding rises even more if you also take corticosteroids (often called "steroids") for RA or blood thinners, or anticoagulants. Also, the longer you use NSAIDs, the greater the risk of stomach bleeding and ulcers. Older adults, especially over 65, are more likely to get stomach bleeding and ulcers, as do those who drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. If you take NSAIDs to ease the inflammation, pain, and stiffness of RA, talk with your doctor about ways to protect your stomach. If you're at high risk for stomach bleeding, you may need a strong stomach acid blocker to help prevent ulcers.


Question: Is there a serious risk of stomach ulcers if I take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: The chance of getting an ulcer or stomach bleeding rises even more if you also take corticosteroids (often called "steroids") for RA or blood thinners, or anticoagulants. Also, the longer you use NSAIDs, the greater the risk of stomach bleeding and ulcers. Older adults, especially over 65, are more likely to get stomach bleeding and ulcers, as do those who drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. If you take NSAIDs to ease the inflammation, pain, and stiffness of RA, talk with your doctor about ways to protect your stomach. If you're at high risk for stomach bleeding, you may need a strong stomach acid blocker to help prevent ulcers.


Question: What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Answer: NSAIDs -- or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They help manage the chronic pain, inflammation, and swelling tied to RA. They do not slow down the disease. Most people with RA also take other types of medications, such as methotrexate or biologics, to help prevent further joint damage.


Question: What are some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer: These include: Aspirin ( Bufferin, Bayer) Celecoxib ( Celebrex) Diclofenac ( Cataflam, Voltaren) Diflunisal ( Dolobid) Etodolac ( Lodine) Fenoprofen ( Nalfon) Flurbiprofen ( Ansaid) Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Indomethacin ( Indocin) Ketoprofen ( Oruvail, Orudis) Ketorolac ( Toradol) Meloxicam ( Mobic) Nabumetone ( Relafen) Naproxen ( Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn) Oxaprozin ( Daypro) Piroxicam ( Feldene) Salsalate ( Amigesic) Sulindac ( Clinoril) Tolmetin ( Tolectin) Arthrotec is an NSAID that combines diclofenac with another active ingredient, misoprostol, that helps prevent stomach irritation. Prevacid Naprapac combines naproxen with the acid blocker Prevacid to lower your chances of getting stomach ulcers. Vimovo is a combination of naproxen and the acid blocker Nexium.


Question: How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work?

Answer: They block your body's â Coxâ enzymes. This cuts down on inflammation and reduces pain and stiffness.


Question: What nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: These include: Aspirin ( Bufferin, Bayer) Celecoxib ( Celebrex) Diclofenac ( Cataflam, Voltaren) Diflunisal ( Dolobid) Etodolac ( Lodine) Fenoprofen ( Nalfon) Flurbiprofen ( Ansaid) Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) Indomethacin ( Indocin) Ketoprofen ( Oruvail, Orudis) Ketorolac ( Toradol) Meloxicam ( Mobic) Nabumetone ( Relafen) Naproxen ( Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn) Oxaprozin ( Daypro) Piroxicam ( Feldene) Salsalate ( Amigesic) Sulindac ( Clinoril) Tolmetin ( Tolectin) Arthrotec is an NSAID that combines diclofenac with another active ingredient, misoprostol, that helps prevent stomach irritation.


Question: How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work?

Answer: They block your body's â Coxâ enzymes. This cuts down on inflammation and reduces pain and stiffness.


Question: How can race affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: Strokes affect African- Americans and nonwhite Hispanic Americans much more often than any other group in the U. S. Sickle cell disease, a genetic condition that can narrow arteries and interrupt blood flow, is also more common in these groups and in people whose families came from the Mediterranean, the Middle East, or Asia.


Question: How can gender affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: But women have strokes at a later age, which make them less likely to recover and more likely to die as a result.


Question: How can medications affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: Some medicines can raise your chances of stroke. For instance, blood-thinning drugs, which doctors suggest to prevent blood clots, can sometimes make a stroke more likely through bleeding. Studies have linked hormone therapy, used for menopause symptoms like hot flashes, with a higher risk of strokes.


Question: How can heart disease affect my risk for a stroke?

Answer: You can also have clogged arteries from fatty deposits.


Question: What are other names for multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks?

Answer: Most forms of multiple sclerosis ( MS) involve stretches of time when you feel good and other times when your symptoms act up. You might hear those worse periods called: Attacks Relapses Flare-ups Episodes Exacerbations How do you know if what you're having is one?


Question: What should someone do if they think they are having a multiple sclerosis relapse?

Answer: If you think you're having a relapse, call your MS doctor right away, even if you don't think it's major. She'll ask about your symptoms, how long you've had them, if you've been sick, and if you've changed any of your medication. A relapse doesn't necessarily need treatment. In some cases, symptoms will ease on their own. Still, the fact you're having one can help your doctor make decisions about how you may be treated moving forward. Every person is different, so it may be hard to track down what can trigger a relapse for you. As you get more familiar with how the condition affects you, you'll recognize your symptoms more easily and know what to do about them.


Question: What are some symptoms of a multiple sclerosis relapse?

Answer: These can include: Fatigue Dizziness Problems with balance and coordination Trouble with your vision Issues with your bladder Numb or tingling feelings (pins and needles) Problems with your memory Trouble concentrating It's a relapse if: You'd been free of symptoms for at least 30 days before the ones you're having now started They last at least 24 hours There's no obvious trigger Not every symptom is a sign of a relapse. If yours last less than 48 hours, you may have had something called a pseudoexacerbation. That's when you temporarily feel symptoms. Keep in mind that if you have even the slightest fever, it could be a sign of an infection. That also can cause problems like those you'd feel in a relapse.


Question: How should you treat a bee or wasp sting with mild allergic symptoms?

Answer: With mild allergic symptoms such as a rash and itching over your body but no problems with breathing or other vital signs, you may be treated with an antihistamine. You may also be given steroids. In some cases, the doctor will give you an epinephrine (adrenaline) injection. Treatment may be started at the scene or in the ambulance by the emergency medics. If you are doing well, you may be sent home after observation in the emergency department.


Question: How should you treat multiple bee or wasp stings?

Answer: With multiple stings -- more than 10-20 -- but no evidence of an allergic reaction, you may still need prolonged observation in the emergency department or admission to the hospital. At that point, the doctor may order multiple blood tests.


Question: How are bee and wasp stings treated normally?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Treating bee and wasp stings depends on their severity. The majority of problems that require medical attention come from an allergic reaction to the sting. In most cases, complications from that reaction respond well to medications -- when given in time.


Question: What are the steps to take after someone who is allergic has been stung by a bee or wasp?

Answer: Here are the steps you need to take after someone who is allergic has been stung: Remove any stingers immediately. Some experts recommend scraping out the stinger with a credit card. Applying ice to the site may provide some mild relief. Apply ice for 20 minutes once every hour as needed. Wrap the ice in a towel or keep a cloth between the ice and skin to keep from freezing the skin. Taking an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) or a nonsedating one such as loratadine ( Claritin) will help with itching and swelling. Take acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin)for pain relief as needed. Wash the sting site with soap and water. Placing hydrocortisone cream on the sting can help relieve redness, itching, and swelling. If it's been more than 10 years since your last tetanus booster, get a booster within the next few days. Most insect stings require no additional medical care.


Question: How much water do I need to drink?

Answer: And your need for water increases: In warm or hot weather With vigorous physical activity, such as exercise or working in the yard During bouts of illness, especially if you have a fever, are vomiting, having diarrhea or coughing You often hear that you need to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board recommend that women drink more than 11 8-ounce glasses (91 ounces) of water daily, and men drink more than 15 glasses of water(125 ounces) per day. It is a good idea to track how much water you drink for a few days just to get a feel for the amount needed. You can get enough water each day by drinking water and consuming fluids like soup and drinks, along with lots of fruits and vegetables, which contain water. Keep in mind that if you're going to do something strenuous, like playing sports or running, you'll need extra water before, during, and after.