Question: How is the Koebner phenomenon treated?

Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future. Koebner phenomenon plaques get the same treatment as your regular psoriasis plaques. There are many options, including: An ointment, lotion, or cream. You can get them over the counter and by prescription. Some have steroids and some don't. Prescription medicines come as a pill, liquid, or shot. Some tamp down inflammation. Others work on your immune system. Your doctor may recommend a device that gives you exposure to UV light on a regular basis to slow down the growth of your psoriasis. Psoriasis treatments work differently for different people. Your doctor can help you find the one that works best for you.


Question: When should you call your doctor about the Koebner phenomenon?

Answer: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future.


Question: What foods can affect your lower esophageal sphincter (LES) leading to heartburn?

Answer: Certain foods can relax your LES or increase stomach acid, including: Tomatoes Citrus fruits Garlic and onions Chocolate Coffee or caffeinated products Alcohol Peppermint Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) often lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can raise how much acid your stomach makes and can cause heartburn.


Question: What are two main thyroid disorders?

Answer: One is Graves' disease, where your thyroid makes too many hormones (hyperthyroidism). The other is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes low levels of hormones (hypothyroidism). Both happen when your immune system makes a mistake and attacks your thyroid gland instead of fighting infections. Because certain proteins in your eyes are similar to thyroid tissue, your immune system may attack them, too.


Question: What do I need to know about dry eyes and thyroid disorders?

Answer: Sometimes they may be the first sign of a thyroid disease. If you have dry eyes and a family member with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease, you may want to get checked, too.


Question: When should I see a diabetes educator?

Answer: The American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics created a guide to help doctors make referrals to certified diabetes educators. It recommends seeing someone once a year as well as when: You're first diagnosed New problems come up that might affect how you manage your diabetes Your treatment or care changes


Question: Will insurance cover diabetes education?

Answer: Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do. But to be covered, an education program has to meet standards set by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.


Question: What does a diabetes educator do?

Answer: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you.


Question: How effective is diabetes education?

Answer: After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.


Question: Why would I need a diabetes educator?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. There's research to suggest that diabetes education can lower your risk of complications like nerve and kidney damage, which helps you avoid dialysis and gives you a better quality of life. Knowing what's going on with your body also helps you feel more in control of your health.


Question: What studies have been done on the effectiveness of diabetes educators?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.


Question: What if the albumin test results are higher than normal?

Answer: They can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.


Question: Does diabetes education really work?

Answer: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do.


Question: What can diabetics learn from diabetes education?

Answer: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions.


Question: How soon can you go home after a laminectomy?

Answer: Here's what will happen in the hospital or surgical center after the laminectomy: You'll be transported to a "post-op" area for observation and continued monitoring of your vital signs. Most people are awake but groggy for several hours after a laminectomy. Although some people go home the same day, most are admitted to the hospital for at least one day.


Question: What is recovery from a laminectomy like?

Answer: Depending on the extent of your surgery, you may need help getting out of bed and walking for up to a few days after the laminectomy. Most people can return to driving in one to two weeks; your surgeon will let you know when it is safe to get back on the road. You'll need to limit your activities that include bending, stooping, or lifting for several weeks after your laminectomy. Your doctor will remove your stitches or staples after about two weeks. You may not know if the surgery reduced your back pain until about six weeks or more after the laminectomy.


Question: How should you treat symptoms for a black widow spider bite?

Answer: Apply ice on the way to the health care provider's office or emergency room to relieve pain and swelling.


Question: How should you follow up regarding a black widow spider bite?

Answer: The health care provider will examine and clean the wound. The person may require a tetanus shot or booster, depending on the date of the last injection. A person with severe symptoms -- such as intense pain and cramping or high blood pressure -- may be admitted to the hospital. Antivenin may be needed.


Question: When should you call 911 about a black widow spider bite?

Answer: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room.


Question: When should you get help for a black widow spider bite?

Answer: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room. If possible, kill the spider and take it to the doctor with you. Symptoms include target-like marking and slight swelling at wound site, muscle pains and cramps within 2 hours of the bite, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, itching, anxiety, and increased blood pressure.


Question: How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed?

Answer: Your doctor will order different types tests, including lung tests, to check for a PE.


Question: What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?

Answer: PE won't always cause symptoms. You might have: Chest pain, which may get worse with a deep breath Sudden shortness of breath or rapid breathing Fast heartbeat Sudden cough Coughing up blood Lightheadedness or fainting Anxiety Call 911 if you notice these symptoms. They could also be symptoms of a heart attack, pneumonia, or other serious problems.


Question: How can you avoid a pulmonary embolism?

Answer: You and your doctor should figure out what may have caused your DVT, so you can take steps to avoid getting more clots.


Question: What is the treatment for a pulmonary embolism?

Answer: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may give you a drug called a thrombolytic to dissolve the clot. These medicines can save your life, but they can also cause bleeding that's hard to stop. You'll have to be in the hospital, and the staff will watch you carefully. For some very serious cases, a specialist may need to do surgery to break up and remove the clot. If your symptoms aren't life-threatening, or if using a thrombolytic would be too dangerous, your doctor will give you medication that interrupts the clotting process or stops platelets in your blood from sticking together. They don't break down the clot, but they'll keep it from getting bigger while your body works on dissolving it. Afterward, you'll probably take a blood thinner pill for at least 3 months.


Question: What is a pulmonary embolism?

Answer: A pulmonary embolism ( PE) usually happens when a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis ( DVT), often in your leg, travels to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel. That leads to low oxygen levels in your blood. It can damage the lung and other organs and cause heart failure, too.


Question: If I have psoriasis, how often should I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?

Answer: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.


Question: How often should you apply moisturizer if you have psoriasis?

Answer: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.


Question: How can I soften my skin when I have psoriasis?

Answer: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: If I have psoriasis, how can I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?

Answer: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: If I have psoriasis, should I moisturize my skin at night to avoid cuts?

Answer: At bedtime, slather on some moisturizing ointment, like petroleum jelly. Other options include: Vitamin E Olive oil Shortening Then cover the area to lock in the moisture overnight. You can use plastic. Wear cotton gloves and socks to protect your hands and feet.


Question: How can I seal a cut caused by my psoriasis?

Answer: Closing those gaps helps them heal faster. It also protects the wound by keeping out dirt, debris, and germs. Ways you can do it include: Liquid bandage: This over-the-counter product creates a thin plastic coating on the skin. It's waterproof and flexible. To apply it: Gently bring the edges of the crack or cut together. Spray, brush, or dab the liquid on top of the skin. It dries in less than a minute and lasts for up to a week. Because some of these products are made with alcohol, this might sting. Don't put it inside a wound, around the eyes, or on large areas of skin. Super glue: This household staple can fix psoriasis fissures, too. That's because its main ingredient is the same one found in many liquid bandages. It works in the same way: Carefully bring the edges of the cut or crack together, and dab it to the skin on top to create a seal. Adhesive bandage or tape: Watertight medical tape can seal cracks. It also keeps the wound moist, which helps it heal. For small cuts, you can also use the sticky part of a bandage. Put them across the wound. They can act as a bridge to hold the skin together.


Question: If I have psoriasis, can my dry skin cause skin cracks?

Answer: When you have psoriasis, you have patches of thick red skin. This helps prevent infection. They can dry you out.


Question: If I have psoriasis, can I apply medicated lotion on my skin cracks?

Answer: You're out and about when your skin splits. To help existing wounds heal -- and prevent new ones -- you need to can the inflammation that causes the swelling. The first line of treatment is a corticosteroid lotion, cream, or ointment. They're available over the counter or as a prescription in higher doses. Put it on once or twice a day. Don't use it for more than 3 weeks without your doctor's permission.


Question: What are good aerobic exercises for women over 50?

Answer: Walking, jogging, swimming, and dance exercise are good ones to try. Aerobic exercise works the large muscles in your body, benefitting your cardiovascular system -- and your weight. Work up to getting 20 or more minutes per session, 3 or 4 days a week. Make sure you can pass the âtalk test,â which means exercising at a pace that lets you carry on a conversation.


Question: What are the benefits of exercise for women over 50?

Answer: Physical activity may help tame some of the symptoms of menopause -- hot flashes, joint pain, and sleep problems. Exercise also lowers your risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Plus, it helps control weight and melts belly fat.


Question: What are good strength training exercises for women over 50?

Answer: Lifting hand weights improves your strength and posture, maintains bone strength, reduces the risk of lower back injury, and also helps you tone. Start with a hand weight that you can comfortably handle for eight repetitions. Gradually add more reps until you can complete 12.


Question: How can women over 50 make exercise a part of their daily routine?

Answer: If you're too busy for a regular workout, look for other ways to be in motion. Research shows that all those extra steps you take during the day add up to big health benefits. Here are some ideas to get you on your feet: Adopt a dog and take it for walks every day. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Take it outside and make it a walking meeting. Walk briskly whenever you can.


Question: Are tantrums related to type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Temper tantrums are common in toddlers. Always check your child's levels to make sure low blood sugar isn't what's causing him to act out.


Question: What should I expect when my school-age child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: School- Aged Kids: If a school-age kid is just being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it's normal for him to feel anxious and even depressed for a few weeks or months. Allow him time to come to terms with it, and help him get used to the new routine.


Question: How can I manage my child's type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Infancy: If your child is diagnosed at this young of an age, you'll need the help of a primary care doctor, a dietitian, and a pediatric endocrinologist to help you manage it. They can give you feeding tips and teach you how to inject insulin and monitor blood glucose levels.


Question: How can I manage my infant's type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Infancy: If your child is diagnosed at this young of an age, you'll need the help of a primary care doctor, a dietitian, and a pediatric endocrinologist to help you manage it. They can give you feeding tips and teach you how to inject insulin and monitor blood glucose levels.


Question: How can I know if my baby with type 1 diabetes has low blood sugar?

Answer: Since babies aren't able to tell you how they're feeling, you'll need to be extra aware of the signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In infants, the early signs may include: crankiness, sleepiness, poor feeding, a more high-pitched cry than usual, and low body temperature.


Question: Does my baby with type 1 diabetes need to wear an ID bracelet?

Answer: Everyone, even infants, with type 1 diabetes should wear an ID bracelet that lets people know about their condition.


Question: When can my child with type 1 diabetes check their own blood glucose levels?

Answer: When the mood is right, you can begin teaching your child to care for his condition. As early as age 3, some kids are ready to start checking their own blood glucose levels. Some may even be able to help count carbohydrates at meals.


Question: How can I best react to my child's type 1 diabetes?

Answer: But by showing your child confidence, you'll help him feel that his condition can be controlled. You don't want your child to feel diabetes makes him weak or limits him.


Question: What should I expect about my adolescent child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Toddlers: Since young kids are often picky eaters, you'll need to talk to your child's doctor about his diet. Adolescents: Once kids turn 12, they're usually able to monitor their blood sugar without help. But since they're also becoming more independent of you and social with their friends, they may be less likely to do so. It's important for you to stay involved. As a child's body changes during puberty, the diabetes may become harder to control.


Question: How can I encourage my child with type 1 diabetes when I am not around?

Answer: With time, he can take an active part in his own care. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. Before field trips and sports activities, tell the adult in charge about your child's condition and how to care for him in case of an emergency. Make sure your child has permission to go to the bathroom, eat, and drink fluids as he needs. Before play dates, talk to the other child's parent and let her know about your child's condition. For peace of mind on sleepovers, pack twice the supplies your child needs. Have him check in with you during the evening to go over his levels and to let you know how he's feeling.


Question: How can I lower the risk of cardiovascular disease for my child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Together you can decide whether to let your toddler graze on food throughout the day or stick to regular healthy meals and snacks. As early as age 3, some kids are ready to start checking their own blood glucose levels. But he still needs plenty of support. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. It's important for you to stay involved.


Question: Can pregnant women take ACE inhibitors?

Answer: ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure and cause kidney failure or high potassium levels in the blood of the mother. They can cause death or deformity in the newborn. It is recommended that babies not be breast fed if the mother is taking an ACE inhibitor, because the medicine can pass through breast milk.


Question: What are ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors are high blood pressure drugs that widen or dilate the blood vessels to improve the amount of blood the heart pumps and to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors also increase blood flow, which helps to decrease the amount of work your heart has to do and can help protect your kidneys from the effects of hypertension and diabetes. ACE inhibitors are used to treat a number of heart-related conditions, including high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack, and preventing kidney damage associated with high blood pressure and diabetes.


Question: What are some tips for taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Contact your doctor; do not treat the rash yourself. Therefore, people on ACE inhibitors should regularly have blood tests to measure potassium levels. Avoid over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs like Aleve and Motrin). Have your blood pressure and kidney function checked regularly, as advised by your doctor, while taking this drug. Never stop taking your medication, even if you feel that it is not working, without discussing it with your doctor first.


Question: Can children take ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Women should not take ACE inhibitors during pregnancy, especially during their second and third trimesters. Thus, they are at higher risk of having severe side effects from the drug. Before giving this drug to children, parents are encouraged to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their pediatric cardiologist (heart doctor).


Question: What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer: Sore throat, fever, mouth sores, unusual bruising, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and swelling of feet, ankles and lower legs. High potassium levels.


Question: What are the symptoms of depersonalization disorder?

Answer: The primary symptom of depersonalization disorder is a distorted perception of the body. The person might feel like he or she is a robot or in a dream. Some people might fear they are going crazy and might become depressed, anxious, or panicky. For some people, the symptoms are mild and last for just a short time. For others, however, symptoms can be chronic (ongoing) and last or recur for many years, leading to problems with daily functioning or even to disability.


Question: How is depersonalization disorder treated?

Answer: The primary symptom of depersonalization disorder is a distorted perception of the body. Most people with depersonalization disorder who seek treatment are concerned about symptoms such as depression or anxiety, rather than the disorder itself. In many cases, the symptoms will go away over time. Treatment usually is needed only when the disorder is lasting or recurrent, or if the symptoms are particularly distressing to the person. The best treatment approach depends on the individual and the severity of his or her symptoms. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is usually the treatment of choice for depersonalization disorder.


Question: What is intercourse pain?

Answer: In addition to the physically painful sex, there is also the possibility of negative emotional effects. So the problem should be addressed as soon as it arises. These problems may include fibroids that can cause deep intercourse pain.


Question: Can you get astaxanthin naturally from foods?

Answer: Astaxanthin is also found in several types of seafood, including: Salmon Rainbow trout Shrimp Lobster Four ounces of sockeye salmon contains about 4.5 milligrams of astaxanthin.


Question: Who shouldn't take astaxanthin?

Answer: Astaxanthin may increase your immune function, so use caution when taking it if you: Have autoimmune problems Are taking drugs to suppress your immune system Also be cautious using astaxanthin if you have: Low calcium Low blood pressure Osteoporosis A problem with your parathyroid glands Hormone problems Interactions.


Question: What conditions can astaxanthin help treat?

Answer: It might be useful as a treatment for problems that involve inflammation, such as: Rheumatoid arthritis Carpal tunnel syndrome Laboratory research has found that an extract from algae that makes astaxanthin slowed the growth of breast and skin cancer cells.


Question: What are risks of taking astaxanthin?

Answer: Also avoid astaxanthin if you're allergic or sensitive to: Similar carotenoids such as canthaxanthin A source of astaxanthin, such as the algae that produces it Drugs that inhibit 5-alpha-reductase like finasteride ( Propecia, Proscar) or dutasteride ( Avodart, Jalyn) Women who are pregnant or might become pregnant should avoid astaxanthin.


Question: What are interactions of astaxanthin?

Answer: Use with caution if you are taking a drug that affects hormones, such as a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, or if you are on a drug for high blood pressure. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.


Question: What are side effects of taking astaxanthin?

Answer: Some laboratory studies have shown astaxanthin may hinder an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase. As a result, it could keep testosterone from changing into the hormone DHT in the body. It's unclear what effect this may have, but prescription medicines that affect the same enzyme may cause side effects, such as: Lower libido Male breast growth Erectile dysfunction One small study showed astaxanthin combined with saw palmetto actually increased testosterone, which could help libido.


Question: How can I better manage my stress levels after cancer treatment?

Answer: That's why stress reduction should be a regular part of your post-treatment wellness plan. Think about things that make you feel good and relaxed.


Question: Is it okay to smoke after ending cancer treatment?

Answer: It's one of the best things you can do to improve your health and lower your odds of several cancers. Most people who kick the habit use more than one type of help (for example, a prescription nicotine replacement patch and talk therapy).


Question: Where should I go for continual help after cancer treatment?

Answer: While lifestyle changes are important, it can also help to see other medical professionals. Regular doctor visits (cancer-related and otherwise) are important. Depending on your situation, your doctor or health care team may send you to a mental health counselor, a post-cancer peer support group, a dietitian, or other professionals. If cancer changed the way you feel, think, move, or function, you might try occupational therapy. This type of treatment can help you change the way you move and alter your environment (like your home and office) and activities.


Question: How much should I exercise after cancer treatment to stay healthy?

Answer: It boosts your mood and makes you less likely to get anxious or depressed. It should help you handle physical problems like pain, exhaustion, and diarrhea. It could make your cancer less likely to return and help you live longer. Always talk to your doctor before you start a new routine. Regular doctor visits (cancer-related and otherwise) are important.


Question: Is it okay to drink after ending cancer treatment?

Answer: It's one of the best things you can do to improve your health and lower your odds of several cancers. It's also linked to other problems, like anxiety and sleep troubles. Limit the amount you drink (ask your doctor how much is safe for you) or stop altogether.


Question: How can men stay vital as they age?

Answer: If you have ED, talk to your doctor about having your cholesterol checked. Medications that help you lose weight, along with those that treat conditions caused by extra weight (from high blood pressure to aches and pains), can also cause ED. Among those reasons are stress and depression. If you're taking one, talk to your doctor about switching to a different drug to see if things get better.


Question: If youâre overweight and want help with erectile dysfunction (ED), you may want to check your:

Answer: But it is clear that this hormone helps to boost the sex drive. Obesity has been shown to lower testosterone in men. If something blocks that blood from getting or staying where it needs to be, you won't get or maintain an erection. Among those reasons are stress and depression. Some antidepressants can cause ED. Sex therapy can also help your partner cope with the sexual problems you're going through as a couple. Not only will regular exercise burn calories and lower stress, it may lower your risk of ED.


Question: What causes a retinoblastoma?

Answer: Cells called retinoblasts grow until they form her retina. The cells don't stop growing and a tumor forms on her retina. The tumor may grow until it fills the inside of her eyeball. A little less than half of all cases are inherited. That means the gene that makes the cells grow is passed from parent to child. Inherited forms of retinoblastoma are more likely to come back years after treatment.


Question: What is a retinoblastoma?

Answer: A retinoblastoma is a cancerous tumor on a part of your child's eye called the retina. It sounds scary, but it's highly curable if you catch it early. Most of the time retinoblastomas only affect one eye.


Question: Why is it important to keep your gums healthy as you age?

Answer: Bacteria, called plaque is always forming on your teeth. If you don't remove it, it can cause soreness, swelling, and bleeding in your gums. It can even cause infections that damage the bone underneath. Your dentist will treat gum disease, called periodontitis. If you let it go unchecked, it could harm your gums and bones. Once that happens, you may need to have teeth removed.


Question: What are signs of gum disease that can happen as you get older?

Answer: Signs of gum disease include: Bleeding when you brush your teeth Gums that recede, or pull back from your teeth Loose teeth Bad breath The best way to keep your gums in good shape is to take good care of your teeth. Brush twice a day and floss every day. See your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings. If you smoke, quit. The best way to prevent this is to stop smoking and drink alcohol only in moderation.


Question: What are possible complications in surgery for spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. All surgeries carry a chance of complications, including those involved with getting anesthesia. People who smoke, are elderly or overweight, have diabetes, or have several medical problems at once have a higher chance of complications. For spinal stenosis, specific risks include: Possible infection, bleeding, or blood clots A tear in the membrane that covers the spinal cord Nerve damage Some people need to stay in the hospital for a couple of days afterward.


Question: What is recovery like after surgery for spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. Some people may go home the same day or the day after. Once you're home, it can take 3 months or more to fully recover, especially if spinal fusion was part of your procedure. Your doctor probably will tell you to start walking and doing other exercises to strengthen your back. Most people have good results from surgery and are able to return to a normal lifestyle after they heal. People tend to have less leg pain and can walk better afterward.


Question: What types of surgery are used to treat spinal stenosis?

Answer: Spinal stenosis surgery helps to reopen your spinal canal, the channel in your backbone that houses your spinal cord and other nerves. Three common types of spinal stenosis surgery include: Laminectomy. This is the most common one. Your doctor takes out the bone, spurs, and ligaments that are putting pressure on your nerves. She makes either a single, large cut or several small ones. Spinal fusion. Doctors sometimes do this along with a laminectomy. It involves joining vertebrae together to reduce movement within your spine. Foraminotomy. In this procedure, a surgeon expands the portion of the vertebrae where the nerve roots branch out to the rest of your body.


Question: What things can raise your chances of getting a transient ischemic attack relative to strokes?

Answer: You might have: Numbness on one side of your body Confusion Dizziness or loss of balance Trouble talking or understanding Problems with your vision Severe headache Things that can raise your chances of getting a TIA are the same as those for other strokes, including: Age High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease Obesity Smoking Family history of strokes A TIA can sometimes be a warning sign that you'll have an ischemic stroke soon. Don't take any chances if you or someone you know has any symptoms that seem like a stroke. Get medical help in a hurry.


Question: What causes hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer: These happen when there is bleeding in your brain that damages nearby cells. The most common causes are: High blood pressure Injury Bleeding disorders Cocaine use Abnormal blood vessels ( AVMs) Aneurysm (a weak area in a blood vessel that breaks open) Your doctor may tell you about two types of hemorrhagic stroke that are based on where the bleeding happens.


Question: What are the symptoms of an ischemic stroke?

Answer: The symptoms of an ischemic stroke depend on which parts of your brain are affected. They can include things like: Sudden numbness or weakness of your face, arm, or leg, often on one side of the body Confusion Problems speaking or understanding others Dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or trouble walking Vision loss or double vision You're more likely to have an ischemic stroke if you: Are over age 60 Have high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol, or diabetes Have an irregular heartbeat Smoke Have a family history of strokes Sometimes you can get complications.


Question: How do you get an ischemic stroke?

Answer: Most strokes are this type. You get them when a fatty substance called plaque collects in your arteries and narrows them. This is called atherosclerosis, and it slows the flow of blood. As it pools, blood can clump and form clots -- and your artery gets blocked. Besides atherosclerosis, some other things that can raise your chances of getting an ischemic stroke are: Irregular heartbeat Heart attack Problem with your heart's valves Injury to blood vessels in your neck Blood clotting problem There are two main types of ischemic stroke: Thrombotic strokes.


Question: Who is more likely to have a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer: Some things that can happen: Intense headache that some people describe as "the worst headache they've ever had" Confusion Nausea or throwing up Sensitivity to light Problems with vision Passing out You're more likely to have this type of stroke if you: Are over age 65 Have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes that's not under control Are obese Had a stroke in the past Have a family history of strokes Smoke Eat unhealthy foods Don't exercise A hemorrhagic stroke can cause complications like: Seizures Memory and thinking problems Heart problems Swallowing problems and trouble eating and drinking


Question: What are hemorrhagic stroke symptoms?

Answer: And that sets off trouble like memory loss, confusion, and numbness on one side your body. Hemorrhagic stroke symptoms usually increase gradually over minutes or a few hours, although a subarachnoid hemorrhage may come on suddenly. Some things that can happen: Intense headache that some people describe as "the worst headache they've ever had" Confusion Nausea or throwing up Sensitivity to light Problems with vision Passing out You're more likely to have this type of stroke if you: Are over age 65 Have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes that's not under control Are obese Had a stroke in the past Have a family history of strokes Smoke Eat unhealthy foods Don't exercise A hemorrhagic stroke can cause complications like: Seizures Memory and thinking problems Heart problems Swallowing problems and trouble eating and drinking


Question: What is inhaled insulin?

Answer: Inhaled insulin is a new type of rapid-acting insulin that you breathe in. In people with type 1, inhaled insulin (called Afrezza) can only be used before meals and has to be used in combination with injectable long-acting insulin.


Question: What types of insulin can I give to my child before meals if they have type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Before Meals Rapid-acting starts working about 15 minutes after you take it, peaks in about an hour, and lasts for 2 to 4 hours. Short-acting (sometimes called regular) starts working in 30 minutes, peaks 2 to 3 hours later, and lasts between 3 to 6 hours. You figure out the dose based on your child's current blood sugar levels and how many carbohydrates she is going to eat.


Question: How do insulin pumps treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Insulin pumps are the methods of choice for many people with type 1. An insulin pump is a wearable device that stays attached to your body via a catheter. It gives you a steady dose throughout the day and can also give you an extra surge (called a bolus) before meals. You'll still have to check blood sugar (just as you would when using a syringe or a pen) before meals so that you can tell the device how much insulin you need at that time. Some new pumps also have monitors to alert you of highs and lows, but you set the dosage. Others can display information from a continuous glucose monitor, which tracks the levels every few minutes, 24 hours a day.


Question: What types of insulin has a fixed dose to treat type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Fixed Dose Intermediate-acting starts working in 2 to 4 hours, peaks 4 to 12 hours later, and lasts for 12 to 18 hours. Long-acting starts working several hours after an injection and lowers glucose evenly over a 24-hour period. Your child may take this once a day, such as before bedtime.


Question: What happens if my child's blood sugar drops due to type 1 diabetes?

Answer: Your child may need her blood sugar checked as many as 10 times a day, including before meals, before bedtime, before exercise, and any time symptoms indicate that blood sugar could be shifting too high or too low. If her blood sugar falls too low, she'll need to eat a carb-rich food (like juice or candy) or use a product such as a glucose tablet or gel.


Question: How should I give insulin to my child with type 1 diabetes?

Answer: That means you or your child will need to check her levels often to figure out how much insulin is needed. There are different kinds and different ways of giving it to your child. Insulin pens look similar to writing instruments. You dial up the correct dose and attach a needle that you use to inject insulin into the body.


Question: What is estrogen vaginal cream for urinary tract infections?

Answer: If you get a lot of UTIs, your doctor may consider: A daily low dose of antibiotics, taken for 6 months or longer Having you test yourself for a UTI at home when you have symptoms Taking a single dose of antibiotics after having sex If you've gone through menopause, you could ask about estrogen vaginal cream. After menopause, women have less estrogen in their bodies, which can cause vaginal dryness and make the urinary tract more vulnerable to infection. The treatment can help balance the area's p H factor and allow âgoodâ bacteria to flourish again.


Question: Can cranberry juice help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: Over the years, a lot of studies have focused on a substance found in cranberries that's thought to prevent bacteria from sticking to the lining of the urinary tract. But none of these studies have shown how much of this substance it would take to help prevent UTIs. If you still want to give it a try, drinking cranberry juice or taking cranberry pills is probably fine to do. But there are some exceptions, like if you take a blood-thinning medication, a medication that affects the liver, or aspirin.


Question: What will your doctor consider if you get a lot of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: If you get a lot of UTIs, your doctor may consider: A daily low dose of antibiotics, taken for 6 months or longer Having you test yourself for a UTI at home when you have symptoms Taking a single dose of antibiotics after having sex If you've gone through menopause, you could ask about estrogen vaginal cream.


Question: What can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer: If you've ever had a urinary tract infection, you know how painful and frustrating they can be, especially if they keep coming back. The simplest way to prevent a UTI is to flush bacteria out of the bladder and urinary tract before it can set in. Skip douches, deodorant sprays, scented powders, and other potentially irritating feminine products. Some doctors also advise women who get a lot of UTIs to wear cotton underwear, take showers instead of baths, and avoid tight clothes that can trap bacteria near the urethra.


Question: What healthy habits can prevent the flu?

Answer: Get plenty of sleep. Eat a well-balanced diet. Take time to relax each day to manage your stress. And exercise at least half an hour 5 days a week.


Question: Do disinfectant sanitizers work for preventing the flu?

Answer: Alcohol-based hand disinfectants work great, too. Make sure your kids' teachers have plenty during flu season. Keep some in your desk and car, too.


Question: For how long do I need to wash my hands if I am sick?

Answer: This is the best way to prevent the spread of the flu. If you have young children, teach them to wash often with warm soapy water. Tell them to rub their hands and fingers while singing Happy Birthday to You -- twice. Once isn't enough time to get all the germs off.


Question: How can I avoid passing the flu to people close to me?

Answer: Keep your distance. It's easy to pass on germs when you live in close quarters, especially during the winter when we're all indoors. Avoid close contactwith colleagues, friends, or family members if you have the flu or a cold. Tell them you're sick and you don't want them to catch what you have.


Question: How long should I stay away from school or work if I have the flu?

Answer: If you feel sick, don't go to work. Keep ailing kids home from school, too. An adult can infect other people one day before symptoms show up and up to 5 days after they start. You could spread flu to others before you know you're sick. If you go back to work or school within 5 days after your symptoms started, chances you're still contagious.


Question: How do viruses spread from person to person?

Answer: Mainly from person to person in droplets that fly out when you cough or sneeze. These tiny drops from a sick person move through the air and land on the mouths or noses of others nearby. Germs are also passed along when you touch mucus droplets from someone else on a surface like a desk and then touch your own eyes, mouth, or nose before you get a chance to wash your hands. Viruses like the flu can live up to 24 hours or longer on plastic and metal surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and cups.


Question: How is fibromyalgia diagnosed from tender points?

Answer: These spots are much more sensitive than other nearby areas. Your doctor can test the painful tender points during a physical exam. But you also need to tell her about the exact pain you feel in those areas. Tell her about your other symptoms of fibromyalgia, too, such as deep muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep problems. To get an official diagnosis of fibromyalgia, you must feel widespread pain for at least 3 months.


Question: How should I prepare for oral surgery?

Answer: Find out the risks and benefits of what you're having done. If you're getting sedation, including nitrous oxide, you'll need someone to drive you home. If you're going to be sedated,don't eat or drink anything, including water, after midnight of the evening before your surgery. It'll help nurses take your vital signs, give you your IV, or put blood pressure cuffs on you so they can monitor you during the surgery. Have a container with you to store dentures, partial plates, or removable bridgework while the procedure is being performed. On the big day, arrive at least 20 minutes early.


Question: How are DHEA supplements used for anti-aging?

Answer: Those claims range from benefits such as: Building up the adrenal gland Strengthening the immune system Slowing natural changes in the body that come with age Providing more energy Improving mood and memory Building up bone and muscle strength Since DHEA levels decline with age, some researchers speculate that supplementing your body's falling levels of the hormone might help fight aging. And some small studies have reported positive anti-aging effects from the use of DHEA supplements. But a similar number of studies have reported no effect. According to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Data Base, DHEA supplements do not seem to affect the aging process.


Question: What are DHEA supplements used for?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } DHEA supplements are used by some people who believe they can improve sex drive, build muscle, fight the effects of aging, and improve some health conditions. But there isn't much evidence for many of these claims. And the supplements have some risks.


Question: How can DHEA supplements help with weight loss?

Answer: The idea is that leaner body tissue and higher metabolism will burn calories more efficiently, making it easier to not only lose weight but also keep it off. Unfortunately, most of the studies that have been done have shown little effect from DHEA in losing weight or increasing metabolism. It's a good idea to talk with your doctor or a nutritionist before investing in a DHEA supplement for weight loss.


Question: What are the risks associated with using DHEA supplements for athletic performance?

Answer: There are risks associated with using any pre-steroid enhancer. And the higher the dose, the greater the risk. Possible side effects include: Permanent stunting of growth Aggressive behavior, known as "roid rage" Mood swings and other psychological symptoms Higher blood pressure Liver problems Changes in cholesterol level Since DHEA can increase the level of both testosterone and estrogen, women who use DHEA can sometimes experience such side effects as: Voice changes Hair loss Growth of facial hair Men can sometimes experience such symptoms as: Breast enlargement Shrunken testicles Reduced sperm production If you are thinking of using DHEA supplements, there are several reasons you should discuss doing so with your doctor first: Many of the claims for DHEA involve serious medical conditions.


Question: How are DHEA supplements used for health conditions?

Answer: But more research is needed. In a small, six-week study, researchers from the National Institute of Mental Health found that treatment with DHEA supplements helped relieve mild to moderate depression that occurs in some middle-aged people. DHEA may also be effective for improving aging skin in the elderly.


Question: What should you discuss with your doctor regarding DHEA supplements?

Answer: Possible side effects include: Permanent stunting of growth Aggressive behavior, known as "roid rage" Mood swings and other psychological symptoms Higher blood pressure Liver problems Changes in cholesterol level Since DHEA can increase the level of both testosterone and estrogen, women who use DHEA can sometimes experience such side effects as: Voice changes Hair loss Growth of facial hair Men can sometimes experience such symptoms as: Breast enlargement Shrunken testicles Reduced sperm production If you are thinking of using DHEA supplements, there are several reasons you should discuss doing so with your doctor first: Many of the claims for DHEA involve serious medical conditions. These conditions need to be evaluated and treated by a health care professional. DHEA can interact with some medications and could alter their effectiveness. Because DHEA can raise the level of both male and female hormones, the supplements can have a negative effect on hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast, ovarian, or prostate cancer. Use of DHEA carries some risk and can cause a range of side effects, though this usually just occurs at the higher end of the dose range.


Question: How can DHEA supplements help with athletic performance?

Answer: That's because DHEA is a "prohormone" -- a substance that can increase the level of steroid hormones such as testosterone. There is little evidence to show that DHEA has any effect on enhancing muscle strength. Its use is banned by sports organizations such as the National Football League, Major League Baseball, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association.


Question: What are DHEA supplements?

Answer: These are glands just above your kidneys. DHEA supplements can be made from wild yam or soy. Scientists don't know everything DHEA does. But they do know that it functions as a precursor to male and female sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. Precursors are substances that are converted by the body into a hormone. DHEA production peaks in your mid-20s. In most people, production gradually declines with age. Testosterone and estrogen production also generally declines with age. DHEA supplements can increase the level of these hormones. That's why a number of claims have been made about their potential health benefits.


Question: What are the benefits of using DHEA supplements?

Answer: Those claims range from benefits such as: Building up the adrenal gland Strengthening the immune system Slowing natural changes in the body that come with age Providing more energy Improving mood and memory Building up bone and muscle strength Since DHEA levels decline with age, some researchers speculate that supplementing your body's falling levels of the hormone might help fight aging.


Question: What symptoms can men experience from using DHEA supplements for athletic performance?

Answer: Possible side effects include: Permanent stunting of growth Aggressive behavior, known as "roid rage" Mood swings and other psychological symptoms Higher blood pressure Liver problems Changes in cholesterol level Since DHEA can increase the level of both testosterone and estrogen, women who use DHEA can sometimes experience such side effects as: Voice changes Hair loss Growth of facial hair Men can sometimes experience such symptoms as: Breast enlargement Shrunken testicles Reduced sperm production If you are thinking of using DHEA supplements, there are several reasons you should discuss doing so with your doctor first: Many of the claims for DHEA involve serious medical conditions.


Question: What can help ease the symptoms of night sweats?

Answer: Late in the day, and especially just before bedtime, don't: Drink alcohol or hot beverages Exercise Try to sleep in a hot room Eat spicy, hot foods None of these things will prevent night sweats, but they should help ease your symptoms.


Question: When should you call a doctor about night sweats?

Answer: Other things that can bring on night sweats include: Medications like prescription painkillers, steroids, and antidepressants Menopause HIV Some bacterial infections Low blood sugar An overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism Anxiety You might notice: Waking up soaking wet -- from your hair to your clothing to your sheets Chills A mild fever that leads to heavy sweating Drenching sweats without a fever A sudden, brief feeling of warmth accompanied by flushing or sweating If you have a cancer diagnosis, call your treatment team or your doctor if you have: Tremors or chills that cause you to shake A fever of 100.5 F or higher (when you take your temperature by mouth) for over 24 hours Take these simple steps to ease the discomfort: If you have a fever, take medicine like acetaminophen -- so long as your doctor says it's OK. Change out of your wet clothes ASAP.


Question: What causes night sweats?

Answer: Medications and other health problems may also be to blame. It's no fun to wake up with your clothes and bedding soaked, but there are ways to make living with them easier. Night sweats can be linked to cancer and certain cancer treatments: Lymphoma Leukemia Carcinoid tumors (usually in your digestive tract) Adrenal system tumors Hormone therapy for breast, gynecologic, and prostate cancers If cancer is to blame, you'll have other symptoms, like a constant fever and unexplained weight loss.


Question: Do other drugs besides regular medications treat severe headaches?

Answer: Along with traditional headache medications, other drugs -- like antidepressants -- can help you have fewer and less-severe headaches.


Question: Can ADHD be prevented or cured?

Answer: ADHD can't be prevented or cured. But spotting it early, plus having a good treatment and education plan, can help a child or adult with ADHD manage their symptoms.


Question: What supplements can benefit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: These include: Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) Dietary supplements with omega 3s have shown some benefit. Vayarin, a non-pharmaceutical supplement that contains omega-3s, is available by prescription only.


Question: What medications are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Medication: Medications called stimulants can help control hyperactive and impulsive behavior and increase attention span. They include: Amphetamine ( Adzenys XR ODT, Dyanavel) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall, Dexedrine) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Aptensio, Cotempla, Concerta, Daytrana, Jornay, PM, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant, Ritalin) Stimulant medications don't work for everyone with ADHD.


Question: What should you expect if you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Many people with ADHD live successful, happy, full lives. Treatment helps. It's important to pay attention to symptoms and see a doctor regularly. Sometimes, medication and treatments that were once effective stop working. You may need to change the treatment plan. For many people, the symptoms of ADHD get better in early adulthood, and some are able to stop treatment.


Question: What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: ADHD tends to run in families. Chemical imbalance. Brain chemicals in people with ADHD may be out of balance. Brain changes. Areas of the brain that control attention are less active in children with ADHD. Poor nutrition, infections, smoking, drinking, and substance abuse during pregnancy. These things can affect a baby's brain development. Toxins, such as lead. They may affect a child's brain development. A brain injury or a brain disorder. Damage to the front of the brain, called the frontal lobe, can cause problems with controlling impulses and emotions.


Question: What are the symptoms of inattention in a child with ADHD?

Answer: A child with ADHD: Is easily distracted Doesn't follow directions or finish tasks Doesn't appear to be listening Doesn't pay attention and makes careless mistakes Forgets about daily activities Has problems organizing daily tasks Doesn't like to do things that require sitting still Often loses things Tends to daydream Hyperactivity.


Question: What types of therapy treatments help with ADHD?

Answer: Special education helps a child learn at school. Having structure and a routine can help children with ADHD a lot. Behavior modification teaches ways to replace bad behaviors with good ones. Psychotherapy (counseling) can help someone with ADHD learn better ways to handle their emotions and frustration. It can also help improve their self-esteem. Counseling may also help family members better understand the child or adult with ADHD. Social skills training can teach behaviors, such as taking turns and sharing.


Question: How can support groups help with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer: Psychotherapy (counseling) can help someone with ADHD learn better ways to handle their emotions and frustration. These groups are helpful for adults with ADHD or parents of children with ADHD.


Question: What should your sleep diary look like?

Answer: Keeping a sleep diary will let you learn about your sleep patterns and habits. Make a chart with spaces for: How long you think it took you to fall asleep when you first went to bed How long and well you slept How many times you woke up during the night and how long it took you to fall back asleep How much caffeine or alcohol you consumed and when What and when you ate and drank What emotion or stress you had What drugs or medications you took Here is an example of a sleep diary. Print it out and use it or create your own sleep diary. Date: Bedtime: Wake time: Duration of sleep: Number of times awake at night: Quality of sleep: Caffeine consumption and time consumed Alcohol consumption and time consumed Food/drink consumption and time consumed Emotions/ stress Medications .


Question: How can you use a sleep diary?

Answer: Make a chart with spaces for: How long you think it took you to fall asleep when you first went to bed How long and well you slept How many times you woke up during the night and how long it took you to fall back asleep How much caffeine or alcohol you consumed and when What and when you ate and drank What emotion or stress you had What drugs or medications you took Here is an example of a sleep diary. Print it out and use it or create your own sleep diary.


Question: What is precocious puberty?

Answer: When a child has precocious puberty, she or he starts developing sexual characteristics early, before ages 7 or 8 for girls and age 9 for boys.


Question: What are the signs of precocious puberty?

Answer: The signs include breast development, penis and/or testicle growth, rapid jumps in height, pubic or underarm hair, and acne.


Question: How is precocious puberty treated?

Answer: Many parents of children with precocious puberty choose to put their child on a treatment that lowers the level of sex hormones and slows puberty to a crawl. Delaying puberty can give the child's bones a chance to grow at their own pace for a longer period of time. It also gives the child's mind, emotions, and social skills a chance to come up to speed.


Question: What happens to your bones if you have precocious puberty?

Answer: Bones matures during puberty, and when puberty starts early, the growth spurt begins and ends sooner than normal. At first, children with precocious puberty tower over their friends who haven't started to grow. But within a few years, they may stand among the shortest in their class. Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate.


Question: How does early puberty occur in girls?

Answer: If a girl shows any sign of beginning puberty -- the onset of breasts -- before turning age 7, she may have precocious puberty.


Question: What questions should parents ask their child's pediatrician about precocious puberty?

Answer: Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate. What tests are you going to use to determine if my child has precocious puberty? Do you see any signs to suggest this is caused by a tumor or some other medical condition? What options are available to treat this condition? What are the side effects? How long do you recommend my child stay on this treatment? How will I know if the treatment is working or not working? What local services are available to help me support my child's emotional well-being?


Question: How do doctors diagnose early puberty?

Answer: Your pediatrician will probably start out asking a lot of questions about the child's development and both parents' medical history. A physical exam allows the doctor to compare the child's development to his or her actual age. An X-ray of the child's wrist can help determine how quickly the bones are maturing.


Question: How does early puberty occur in boys?

Answer: Rarely, early puberty is the first sign of a serious medical condition like a tumor or neurological disorder. Later changes include the development of pubic hair, underarm hair, and acne.


Question: What should you do if you think your child has precocious puberty?

Answer: Parents concerned about their children's development can compare their child's age to how old they were when they started puberty. Often puberty simply starts early for no apparent medical reason. Diagnosing the condition early can help the child's growth return to the appropriate pre-precocious rate.


Question: How do I choose safe toys for my children?

Answer: Follow these tips for choosing safe and appropriate toys for children: Select toys to suit the age, abilities, skills, and interest level of the intended child. For infants, toddlers, and all children who still mouth objects, avoid toys with small parts, which could pose a fatal choking hazard. Never give young children small balls or balloons. How small is too small? Avoid toys that have sharp edges and points, especially for children under age 8. Avoid toys with strings, straps, or cords longer than seven inches. Check toys that make loud noises, which may damage young ears.


Question: What are ways to cope with stress?

Answer: Anger Inability to concentrate Excessive worry Sadness Frequent mood swings Stooped posture Sweaty palms Chronic fatigue Weight gain or loss Erectile dysfunction Shaking Over-reacting Acting on impulse Using alcohol or drugs Withdrawing from relationships Changing jobs often Lower your expectations; accept that there are events beyond your control. Ask others to help you, delegate. Take responsibility for the situation. Engage in problem solving. Express distressing emotions; be assertive instead of aggressive. Maintain emotionally supportive relationships and emotional composure. Avoid sources of stress. Learn to relax. Eat and drink sensibly. Stop smoking or other bad habits. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy sense of self-esteem.


Question: How can your behaviors show that youâre under stress?

Answer: Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Confrontations Marital difficulties/divorce Deadlines Legal problems Job loss/new job Retirement Money problems Illnesses When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress. Once you can identify these signs, you can learn how your body responds to stress and can take steps to reduce it. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress.


Question: How can your body show you that youâre under stress?

Answer: Common causes of stress include: Death of a loved one Confrontations Marital difficulties/divorce Deadlines Legal problems Job loss/new job Retirement Money problems Illnesses When you are not sure of the exact cause of your stress, it may help to know the warning signs of stress. Once you can identify these signs, you can learn how your body responds to stress and can take steps to reduce it. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress.


Question: Where do I go to get help for stress?

Answer: Take responsibility for the situation. Your doctor can refer you to a mental health professional, if necessary. If the situation is an emergency, call a crisis hotline or go to the nearest emergency room.


Question: What should you do if there's a chance you have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: It's easy to forget or not care about safe sex. You might be able to take medicine to stop the infection. You need to start within 72 hours, and sooner is better for it to work. It's not like a morning-after pill. The treatment lasts for several weeks, and there can be serious side effects. But it could keep you from getting HIV.


Question: What safe sex practices can lower your chance of getting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?

Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. A female condom, called a vaginal pouch, also protects against HIV. Oral sex without a condom or dental dam isn't safe, but it's far less risky than unprotected vaginal or anal sex. Don't have unprotected sex outside marriage or a committed, exclusive relationship. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.


Question: How can you prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy?

Answer: It's easier for you to get a cold than it is to get HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. You can lower your risk a lot by using a latex or polyurethane condom when you have sex. You'll still need to try to prevent contact with the virus.


Question: How do you catch the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Answer: HIV is only spread through specific body fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal and rectal fluid, and breast milk. So you can prevent an infection by avoiding those. When either person's penis, vagina, or anus gets involved with the other's -- or a mouth -- there's a chance of passing HIV. Although it's rare, you can be infected by HIV from contact with the blood of an infected person.


Question: What are the main symptoms of dermatitis?

Answer: Nummular dermatitis, common in people who have dry skin or live in dry environments, shows up as red, itchy, circular patches of weeping, scaly, or crusted skin.


Question: When should you call your doctor about dermatitis?

Answer: Your skin has oozing sores; honey-yellow crusting; red, swollen, tender areas; or other signs of infection. You may need treatment with antibiotics or other drugs. The affected skin does not respond to treatment with over-the-counter creams or medicated shampoos. You should have a medical diagnosis and treatment. You are exposed to anyone with herpes simplex virus infection while you are having a flare-up of atopic dermatitis (eczema). You are at increased risk of contracting the viral disorder.


Question: What is recovery from ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib) like?

Answer: If you go home, plan to have someone drive you. You may feel a little sore and tired at first, but you'll be back to normal soon. For surgical ablation called mini-maze, you're in the hospital just a couple of days and will need to take it easy for a few weeks. Open-heart maze is major surgery. You'll spend a day or two in intensive care, and you may be in the hospital up to a week.


Question: What is the outlook for someone who has catheter ablation?

Answer: Catheter ablation may not cure your AFib, but it will often relieve your symptoms. If you've had AFib a long time, you'll likely need a repeat treatment to keep your heartbeat normal. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.


Question: What complications can happen after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Catheter ablation is considered safe. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.


Question: What complications can happen after open-heart maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Open-heart maze is major surgery. You run the risk of: Pneumonia Heart attack or stroke New heart rhythm problems Because it's surgery, there is a slim chance you might die from having a maze procedure.


Question: What are types of ablation for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

Answer: Surgical ablationâinvolves cutting into your chest. Your recovery and the results you can expect will depend on which procedure you have. But it can cause: Infection Bleeding Blood clots that go to your leg, heart, or brain Damage to your heart or blood vessels During a mini-maze treatment, you could also get a collapsed lung or inflamed heart tissue.


Question: How do you prepare for ablation?

Answer: The night before, you should stop eating and drinking after midnight and wash with antibacterial soap. Your doctor will give you specific instructions for the kind of ablation you're having. You may also need medicine to control your heart rhythm for a few months following the procedure.


Question: Can I treat my sciatica at home?

Answer: Mild sciatica usually responds well to do-it-yourself treatment, like over-the-counter medicines and hot and cold packs. But if your back pain lasts for more than a week or gets worse, it's time to call the doctor. If you have pain that comes on suddenly, is caused by an injury, or makes you lose control of your bladder or bowels, these are emergencies and you should call your doctor immediately.


Question: How should you take your medication?

Answer: 5 Drug DOs... DO take each medication exactly as it has been prescribed. DO make sure that all your doctors know about all your medications. DO let your doctors know about any other over-the-counter medications, vitamins and supplements, or herbs that you use. DO try to use the same pharmacy to fill all your prescriptions, so that they can help you keep track of everything you're taking. DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets.


Question: What are things not do to when you take medication?

Answer: 5 Drug DON' Ts... DON' T change your medication dose or schedule without talking with your doctor. DON' T use medication prescribed for someone else. DON' T crush or break pills unless your doctor instructs you to do so. DON' T use medication that has passed its expiration date. DON' T store your medications in locations that are humid, too hot or too cold. For example, the bathroom cabinet may not be the best place for your medication.


Question: How can you safely get rid of old medicines?

Answer: Before flushing old medicines down the toilet or tossing them in a trash can, check if your city or county has a medicine take-back program. These are programs that allow the public to bring unused drugs to a central location for proper disposal. Call your city or county government's household trash and recycling service (see blue pages in phone book or go to your municipality's website) or check with your pharmacy to see if a take-back program is available in your community. While experts used to recommend flushing old medication down the toilet, the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) recommends against this because sewage plants may not be able to adequately remove drug ingredients from the water.


Question: How should you dispose of dangerous medication?

Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. These are usually medicines that are very dangerous or fatal if they are taken by the wrong person, or if they are found by a child or pet. This includes the following medications: fentanyl buccal tablets ( Fentora) fentanyl citrate ( Actiq) fentanyl transdermal system ( Duragesic) hydromorphone hydrochloride ( Dilaudid) meperidine HCL tablets ( Demerol) methylphenidate transdermal patch ( Daytrana) morphine sulfate capsules ( Avinza, MS Contin) oxycodone and acetaminophen ( Percocet) oxycodone tablets ( Oxy Contin) sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) Other medications that should be flushed can be found on the FDA's website.


Question: What are the best tips for taking your medication right?

Answer: 5 Drug DOs... DO take each medication exactly as it has been prescribed. DO make sure that all your doctors know about all your medications. DO let your doctors know about any other over-the-counter medications, vitamins and supplements, or herbs that you use. DO try to use the same pharmacy to fill all your prescriptions, so that they can help you keep track of everything you're taking. DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets. 5 Drug DON' Ts... DON' T change your medication dose or schedule without talking with your doctor. DON' T use medication prescribed for someone else. DON' T crush or break pills unless your doctor instructs you to do so. DON' T use medication that has passed its expiration date. DON' T store your medications in locations that are humid, too hot or too cold.


Question: When is it OK to flush away medications?

Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. These are usually medicines that are very dangerous or fatal if they are taken by the wrong person, or if they are found by a child or pet. This includes the following medications: fentanyl buccal tablets ( Fentora) fentanyl citrate ( Actiq) fentanyl transdermal system ( Duragesic) hydromorphone hydrochloride ( Dilaudid) meperidine HCL tablets ( Demerol) methylphenidate transdermal patch ( Daytrana) morphine sulfate capsules ( Avinza, MS Contin) oxycodone and acetaminophen ( Percocet) oxycodone tablets ( Oxy Contin) sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) Other medications that should be flushed can be found on the FDA's website.


Question: How do you safely dispose of unused medication?

Answer: The FDA recommends flushing only if the drug label or accompanying information has instructions to do so. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.


Question: What medications can I throw out?

Answer: DO keep medications out of the reach of children and pets. Most other drugs can be disposed of with your household garbage. When throwing away medications in the trash, follow these medication disposal guidelines: Remove drugs from their original containers and remove or scratch out identifying information from container labels. Do NOT crush pills or capsules. Mix medications with kitty litter, saw dust, coffee grounds, or another substance that will absorb them and make them undesirable. Put drug mixture into a sealable plastic bag or bottle with a screw-on lid and place in trash.


Question: When should you call a doctor about a hammertoe?

Answer: Foot doctors are called podiatrists. Call one, or ask your doctor for a referral. The earlier you seek treatment, the likelier it is that the problem won't get worse. If you have diabetes or can't feel your feet well, you may need to have custom shoes to avoid open sores or infections.


Question: What are some warning signs of suicide in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Some warning signs of suicide include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up lose ends, changing a will Recent worsening of sleep Not sleeping Seeming restless or agitated Think you cannot stop from harming yourself Hear voices telling you to harm yourself Want to commit suicide You know someone who has mentioned wanting to commit suicide


Question: What are the risk factors for suicide in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Risk factors for suicide include: Having mental and substance abuse disorders Family history of mental or substance abuse disorders Having attempted suicide previously Having a family history of physical or sexual abuse Having family members or friends who have attempted suicide Keeping a firearm in the home If you or someone you know is at risk for suicide -- and has shown warning signs -- do not leave them alone.


Question: What are some warning signs of suicide that I should call 911 about for someone with bipolar disorder?

Answer: Some warning signs of suicide include: Talking about suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Worsening depression A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving through red lights Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up lose ends, changing a will Recent worsening of sleep Not sleeping Seeming restless or agitated Think you cannot stop from harming yourself Hear voices telling you to harm yourself Want to commit suicide You know someone who has mentioned wanting to commit suicide


Question: How common is suicide in people with bipolar disorder?

Answer: People with bipolar disorder are at great risk for suicide if they are not getting treatment. The National Mental Health Association reports that 30%-70% of suicide victims have suffered from a form of depression. Men commit almost 75% of suicides, even though twice as many women attempt suicide.


Question: If my cat or dog gets West Nile virus, can I catch the disease from them?

Answer: While cats and dogs can get West Nile infections, they cannot spread the virus to people.


Question: What are the symptoms of West Nile meningitis?

Answer: The symptoms of West Nile meningitis include: Fever Headache Stiff neck The symptoms of West Nile encephalitis include: Changes in consciousness ranging from mild (sluggishness) to severe (mental confusion, convulsions, or coma).


Question: What are the symptoms of West Nile encephalitis?

Answer: The symptoms of West Nile meningitis include: Fever Headache Stiff neck The symptoms of West Nile encephalitis include: Changes in consciousness ranging from mild (sluggishness) to severe (mental confusion, convulsions, or coma). Fever and headache. Neurological symptoms, including paralysis of one or more limbs or palsy, may occur. Tremors and movement problems sometimes occur. Some people with West Nile infection become weak or paralyzed in one or more limbs.


Question: When is the peak season of West Nile virus (WNV)?

Answer: Mosquitoes are most plentiful in late summer. West Nile season usually peaks in August and September. Even in areas where the virus is circulating, very few mosquitoes are infected with the virus.


Question: What should your blood pressure be to control for diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)?

Answer: Readings vary, but most people with diabetes should have a blood pressure of no more than 130/80. The first, or top, number is the "systolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart squeezes and fills the vessels with blood. The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels.


Question: How can high blood pressure (hypertension) affect you?

Answer: Compared to those with normal blood pressure readings, people with hypertension more often have: Coronary artery disease or heart disease Strokes Peripheral vascular disease, hardening of the arteries in the legs and feet Heart failure Even blood pressure that's at the higher end of normal (120/80 to 129/80), called elevated, impacts your health. Studies show that you have a two to three times greater chance of getting heart disease over 10 years.


Question: What should your blood pressure be?

Answer: Readings vary, but most people with diabetes should have a blood pressure of no more than 130/80. The first, or top, number is the "systolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart squeezes and fills the vessels with blood. The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels.


Question: What are the symptoms of high blood pressure (hypertension)?

Answer: Usually, high blood pressure has no symptoms. That's why you need to check your blood pressure regularly. Your doctor will probably measure it at every visit, and you may need to check it at home, too.


Question: How is high blood pressure related to diabetes?

Answer: High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to many complications of diabetes, including diabetic eye disease and kidney disease, or make them worse. Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems. Diabetes damages arteries and makes them targets for hardening, called atherosclerosis. That can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to trouble including blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure.


Question: What can you do to prevent diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)?

Answer: The second, or bottom, number is the "diastolic pressure," or the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. Eat healthy. Keep your weight in a healthy range. Limit how much salt you eat. Visit your doctor regularly.


Question: How is diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) treated?

Answer: Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems. That can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to trouble including blood vessel damage, heart attack, and kidney failure. When it comes to preventing diabetes complications, normal blood pressure is as important as good control of your blood sugar levels. Find out from your doctor what your prescribed medicines might do. Other drugs known commonly as "water pills" or diuretics help your body get rid of extra fluid.


Question: Are there different kinds of learning disabilities?

Answer: There are many different kinds of learning disabilities, and they can affect people differently. It's important to note that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders are not the same as learning disabilities.


Question: What is the most common treatment for learning disabilities?

Answer: Special education is the most common treatment for learning disorders. Under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA), all U. S. children with learning disorders are entitled to receive special education services for free in public schools. After doing an evaluation to pinpoint where your child is having problems, a team of special educators will create an individualized education program ( IEP) for your child that outlines what special services he needs to thrive at school. Special educators will then help your child build on his strengths and teach him ways to compensate for his weaknesses.


Question: What is dyspraxia?

Answer: Dyspraxia affects a person's motor skills. Motor skills help us with movement and coordination. A young child with dyspraxia may bump into things or have trouble holding a spoon or tying his shoelaces. Later, he may struggle with things like writing and typing. Other problems associated with dyspraxia include: Speech difficulties Sensitivity to light, touch, taste, or smell Difficulty with eye movements Dyslexia.


Question: How common are learning disabilities?

Answer: People with learning disabilities may have trouble with any of the following: Reading Writing Doing math Understanding directions Learning disabilities are common. Between 8% and 10% of children under age 18 in the U. S. may have some type of learning disability.


Question: What are some resources for the treatment of learning disabilities?

Answer: Many resources are also available outside of the public school system, including: Private schools that specialize in treating children with learning disabilities After-school programs designed for children with learning disabilities At-home tutoring and therapy services A learning disability doesn't have to be a roadblock to success. With the right tools, people with learning disabilities can overcome any challenge.


Question: What is dysgraphia?

Answer: Dysgraphia. Dysgraphia affects a person's writing abilities. People with dysgraphia may have a variety of problems, including: Bad handwriting Trouble with spelling Difficulty putting thoughts down on paper Dyscalculia.


Question: What is a visual processing disorder?

Answer: He or she may have a hard time with reading or telling the difference between two objects that look similar. People with a visual processing disorder often have trouble with hand-eye coordination.


Question: What are signs of a learning disorder?

Answer: However, the following may be signs of a learning disorder: Lack of enthusiasm for reading or writing Trouble memorizing things Working at a slow pace Trouble following directions Trouble staying focused on a task Difficulty understanding abstract ideas Lack of attention to detail, or too much attention to detail Poor social skills Disruptiveness If you suspect a learning disorder, talk to your child's pediatrician or teacher about having your child evaluated.


Question: What is dyslexia?

Answer: Dyslexia affects how a person processes language, and it can make reading and writing difficult. It can also cause problems with grammar and reading comprehension. Children may also have trouble expressing themselves verbally and putting together thoughts during conversation.


Question: What is dyscalculia?

Answer: Dyscalculia affects a person's ability to do math. Math disorders can take many forms and have different symptoms from person to person. In young children, dyscalculia may affect learning to count and recognize numbers. As a child gets older, he or she may have trouble solving basic math problems or memorizing things like multiplication tables.


Question: What should you do if you suspect a learning disorder?

Answer: However, the following may be signs of a learning disorder: Lack of enthusiasm for reading or writing Trouble memorizing things Working at a slow pace Trouble following directions Trouble staying focused on a task Difficulty understanding abstract ideas Lack of attention to detail, or too much attention to detail Poor social skills Disruptiveness If you suspect a learning disorder, talk to your child's pediatrician or teacher about having your child evaluated. It may be necessary to see several specialists before you get a definitive diagnosis. These specialists might include a clinical psychologist, a school psychologist, a developmental psychologist, an occupational therapist, or a speech and language therapist, depending on the problems your child is having. They will perform a variety of tests and assessments to get to the bottom of the problem.


Question: What can you do as a parent to take care of your child with a learning disability?

Answer: Learning disabilities have nothing to do with how smart a person is. These tips can also help you help your child: 1. Learn everything you can. Get all the facts about your child's learning disability and how it affects the learning process. Research services and supportive strategies so that you'll be able to take an active role in deciding on the right treatment for your child. Be your child's advocate. Work with your child's school to develop an IEP ( Individualized Education Plan) -- a special plan that sets goals for your child and describes support that may be needed to reach those goals. Understand special education laws and school policies so you can make sure your child is getting the most out of school. Many services may be available, but they may not be offered until you ask for them. A child who gets plenty of sleep at night, eats a balanced diet, and gets plenty of exercise is a healthier child, both mentally and physically. Pay attention to your child's mood. Learning disabilities can be bad for a child's self-esteem. Keep an eye out for symptoms of depression, such as moodiness, changes in sleep or appetite, or loss of interest in their usual activities.


Question: How is a learning disability diagnosed?

Answer: There are many different kinds of learning disabilities, and they can affect people differently. Also, many children try to hide the problem. You may not notice anything more obvious than frequent complaints about homework or a child who doesn't want to go to school.


Question: What is an auditory processing disorder?

Answer: A learning disability is a problem that affects how a person receives and processes information. It is not caused by hearing impairment. People with this disorder may have trouble: Learning to read Distinguishing sounds from background noise Following spoken directions Telling the difference between similar-sounding words Remembering things they've heard Visual Processing Disorder.


Question: What is a learning disability?

Answer: People with learning disabilities may have trouble with any of the following: Reading Writing Doing math Understanding directions Learning disabilities are common. Dyslexia affects how a person processes language, and it can make reading and writing difficult.


Question: How can a learning disability affect you?

Answer: Rather, a person with a learning disability may just see, hear, or understand things differently. That can make everyday tasks, such as studying for a test or staying focused in class, much more difficult. There are strategies a person can learn to make it easier to cope with these differences. Dyscalculia affects a person's ability to do math.


Question: What are challenges of parenting a child with a learning disability?

Answer: Many parents find the process of diagnosing a learning disability incredibly frustrating, and then once the diagnosis comes, they face an uphill battle to get their child the help he or she needs. Be your child's advocate.


Question: What does an electromyography (EMG) measure?

Answer: Your muscles move when nerve signals from the brain tell them to get to work. Electromyography measures how well your muscles respond to those signals. If the test picks up a problem, you may be diagnosed with what is called a neuromuscular disorder.


Question: What happens during a nerve conduction study (NCS) procedure?

Answer: Nerve conduction study: The technician puts electrode patches on your skin over the nerve that may be causing your symptoms. A stimulating electrode sends a mild electrical impulse to the nerve. The other electrodes record the nerve's response. If the signal travels at a slower rate than it should in a healthy nerve, it means the nerve is probably damaged. More tests may be needed to learn whether the nerve can become healthy again.


Question: Why am I peeing all the time?

Answer: If you notice you suddenly have to pee more often than usual, though, it could be a sign of a health problem such as a UTI, kidney disease, diabetes, an enlarged prostate in men, vaginitis in women, or a problem with the wall of your bladder called interstitial cystitis. If you often feel that you suddenly âgotta goâ and sometimes can't get to the bathroom in time, you may have overactive bladder. It's a common condition for older men and women, though it's not a normal part of aging.


Question: What should I do if my pee looks or smells weird?

Answer: Pick up the phone any time you see a change in your pee that doesn't seem linked to new medications or a recent meal -- especially if the change lasts more than a day or so, or if it comes with a fever, back or side pain, vomiting, feeling very thirsty, or discharge. Your doctor can test your urine to see what's going on.


Question: What does pale yellow or gold pee mean?

Answer: If everything is normal and healthy, the color should be a pale yellow to gold. That hue comes from a pigment your body makes called urochrome.


Question: Why is my pee green or blue?

Answer: Blue or green: These hues are probably due to dyes in your food or meds you've taken, like the anesthetic propofol or the allergy/asthma medicine promethazine. A few rare medical conditions can also turn pee green or blue, so let your doctor know if the color doesn't go away after a short time.


Question: Why is my pee pinkish-red?

Answer: Other unusual colors that may show up: Pink or red: Some foods like carrots, blackberries, beets, and rhubarb can turn your pee a pinkish-red color. This can also be a side effect of medications like the antibiotic rifampin or a drug for urinary tract infections ( UTIs) called phenazopyridine. Always check with your doctor if your pee is pink or red. You might have blood in your urine. It doesn't always mean there's a problem, but it can be a sign of kidney disease, a UTI, prostate problems, or a tumor.


Question: Why is my pee foamy or frothy?

Answer: Foamy: No matter what color it is, you should check in with your doctor if it consistently looks foamy and frothy. It may be a sign you have protein in your urine, which may mean you have issues with your kidneys.


Question: Why is my pee orange?

Answer: Orange: When your pee is the color of a citrus-flavored soft drink, it's probably because of meds like high-dose vitamin B2, the UTI drug phenazopyridine, or the antibiotic isoniazid. Depending on the color, it could also be a sign that you're dehydrated or that there's a problem with your liver or bile duct. You should ask your doctor about it.


Question: What is urine?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pee is your body's liquid waste, mainly made of water, salt, and chemicals called urea and uric acid. Your kidneys make it when they filter toxins and other bad stuff from your blood. Always check with your doctor if your pee is pink or red.


Question: How often should you pee?

Answer: This can also be a side effect of medications like the antibiotic rifampin or a drug for urinary tract infections ( UTIs) called phenazopyridine. Depending on the color, it could also be a sign that you're dehydrated or that there's a problem with your liver or bile duct. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.


Question: What does it mean if my pee smells strong?

Answer: Pee doesn't usually have a strong smell. But some foods -- especially asparagus, which has a smelly sulfur compound -- can change the odor. So can vitamin B-6 supplements. When you're dehydrated and your pee gets very concentrated, it can smell strongly of ammonia. If you catch a whiff of something really strong before you flush, it might also be a sign of a UTI, diabetes, a bladder infection, or metabolic diseases. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.


Question: How do you get hepatitis C?

Answer: Just like hepatitis B, you can get this type by sharing needles and having contact with infected blood. You can also catch it by having sex with somebody who's infected, but that's less common. If you had a blood transfusion before new screening protocols were put in place in 1992, you are at risk for hepatitis C. If not, the blood used in transfusions today is safe.


Question: Can hepatitis B be treated?

Answer: There are several drugs that treat long-term hepatitis B, such as: Adefovir ( Hepsera) Entecavir ( Baraclude) Interferon Lamivudine () Telbivudine ( Tyzeka) Tenofovir ( Viread) For hepatitis C, some people improve if they get a combo of the drugs peginterferon alpha and ribavirin.


Question: Can hepatitis A be treated?

Answer: If you have hepatitis A, your doctor will carefully see how well your liver is working, but there aren't any treatments to cure it.


Question: What are the symptoms of hepatitis?

Answer: It gets checked beforehand to make sure it's free of the virus that causes hepatitis B or C. The most common symptoms for all three types are: Dark urine Stomach pain Yellowing of skin or eyes Pale or clay-colored stool Low-grade fever Loss of appetite Fatigue Feeling sick to the stomach Lack of nutrition If you have hepatitis B, you may also have achy joints. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have any of these symptoms.


Question: What are the three major types of hepatitis?

Answer: There are three major types of hepatitis, and all of them affect your liver. This type won't lead to long-term infection and usually doesn't cause any complications. Your liver heals in about 2 months. You can prevent it with a vaccine. Hepatitis B. Most people recover from this type in 6 months. Sometimes, though, it causes a long-term infection that could lead to liver damage. Once you've got the disease, you can spread the virus even if you don't feel sick. You won't catch it if you get a vaccine. Hepatitis C. Many people with this type don't have any symptoms. About 80% of those with the disease get a long-term infection. It can sometimes lead to cirrhosis, a scarring of the liver. There's no vaccine to prevent it.