Question: What are the signs and symptoms of HIV in the first few weeks?

Answer: But the infection can cause some common changes over time: In the first few weeks: Between 1 and 4 weeks after someone is infected with the virus, they may have flu-like symptoms that last a week or two. It happens because the body is reacting to HIV, and the immune system tries to fight it off. The symptoms at this stage can include: Fever Headache Upset stomach Sore throat Swollen glands Rash Aches and pains in muscles and joints Keep in mind that even if you have these symptoms, that doesn't automatically mean you are HIV-positive. Many different illnesses can cause these problems. Talk to a doctor or an HIV testing facility if you think you might be infected. At this early stage of HIV infection, it's important to know that you may not get accurate results from an HIV test. It can take 3-12 weeks for enough signs of the virus to show up on routine tests for the infection, which measure antibodies against HIV. A new kind of screening, called a nucleic acid test, can detect the virus itself during this early stage, but it's expensive and not usually used for routine HIV testing. Let the testing site or your doctor know if you think you might be recently infected. Also, be sure to use a condom every time you have sex, and take other steps to prevent spreading the virus.


Question: How can you tell if you have HIV?

Answer: The only way you can know for sure if you have HIV is to get tested. In addition, you should ask yourself the following questions, and if you answer yes to any of them, you should get tested: Have you had unprotected sex with someone who has HIV or a person whose HIV status you don't know? No two people with HIV will have the same symptoms, and some may not have any at all. Get tested to know for sure.


Question: If you have MDS, will you get leukemia?

Answer: With some types, you're more likely to develop acute myeloid leukemia. Also called AML, it's when your bone marrow makes too much of a certain type of white blood cell. It can get worse quickly if it's not treated. With most types of MDS, the chance of leukemia is much lower.


Question: What are symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome?

Answer: This is a common symptom of anemia, caused when you don't have enough red blood cells Unusual bleeding Bruises and tiny red marks under the skin Paleness Shortness of breath when you're exercising or being active Call your doctor if you have these symptoms and concerns about MDS.


Question: How do you treat myelodysplastic syndrome?

Answer: Other things that affect your case include: Whether or not the myelodysplastic syndrome developed after earlier cancer treatment How many blasts are found in your bone marrow Your doctor will decide on a treatment for your myelodysplastic syndrome that depends on the type of MDS you have and how severe it is. You and your doctor may just take a watchful waiting approach. Finally, you might need a âhigh-intensity treatment.â Stem cell transplant.


Question: What are myelodysplastic syndromes?

Answer: Myelodysplastic syndromes are a rare group of disorders in which your body no longer makes enough healthy blood cells. You might sometimes hear it called a âbone marrow failure disorder.â Most people who get it are 65 or older, but it can happen to younger people, too. The syndromes are a type of cancer. Some cases are mild while others are more severe. It varies from person to person, depending on the type you have, among other things. When you have myelodysplastic syndrome, your bone marrow isn't working the way it should. It makes low numbers of blood cells or defective ones.


Question: Should I eat whole grains if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: But more work needs to be done to figure out just how much it helps. Whole Grains When you eat more whole grains instead of processed ones (think brown rice instead of white), you may lower CRP levels. Whole wheat pasta and breads also have , an antioxidant. Some people with rheumatoid arthritis have lower levels of selenium in their blood. Continue Reading Below Another advantage of eating whole grains is that their fiber fills you up, which makes it easier to manage your appetite. That can help you stay at a healthy weight so you don't have extra pressure on your joints.


Question: What type of olive oil should I buy if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Extra-virgin olive oil comes from the first pressing of the olive and has the highest content of good-for-you nutrients.


Question: Should I eat a lot of fruits and vegetables if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Cherries Chemicals called anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants that help hold down inflammation. They also give cherries their bright color. You can find them in other purple and red fruits, like raspberries and blueberries.


Question: How often should you eat fish to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: Try to eat it twice a week. Nuts Don't like fish? Walnuts, canola oil, and soybeans are rich in a different type of omega-3 fatty acid. Or ask your doctor about supplements.


Question: Is olive oil important to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Olive Oil A natural chemical in olive oil stops the production of the chemicals that cause inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like and lower inflammation by curbing the production of these same chemicals.


Question: How can you fight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: People with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) know all too well the inflammation and pain that come with the disease. Although there's no " RA diet" that treats the condition, some foods can lower inflammation in your body. And because they're good for you, these foods -- including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish -- may help you feel better overall.


Question: How can fish help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: Some fats lower inflammation, especially ones called omega-3 fatty acids. They also cut down on âbadâ LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. High levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (fats in the blood) put you at risk for heart disease. Since RA makes heart disease more likely, you want to take every opportunity to keep your heart healthy.


Question: What types of fish are effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: Fish Salmon, herring, sardines, and anchovies are great sources of omega-3s. Salmon has the most, with up to 2 grams per 3-ounce serving. Don't overcook it, because that can destroy more than half of the omega-3s. Bake or grill fish instead of frying it to preserve healthful fat.


Question: Is there a specific diet I should follow if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: People with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) know all too well the inflammation and pain that come with the disease. Although there's no " RA diet" that treats the condition, some foods can lower inflammation in your body. And because they're good for you, these foods -- including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish -- may help you feel better overall.


Question: Should I use the Mediterranean diet if I have rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer: But research shows the Mediterranean diet's tasty fare -- like olive oil, fish, greens, and other vegetables -- can lower inflammation, which is good for your whole body. In one study of women with RA, those who took a cooking class on Mediterranean-style foods (and ate that way for 2 months) had less joint pain and morning stiffness and better overall health compared to those who didn't take the class. Some people with rheumatoid arthritis have lower levels of selenium in their blood.


Question: How can a Mediterranean diet help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: But research shows the Mediterranean diet's tasty fare -- like olive oil, fish, greens, and other vegetables -- can lower inflammation, which is good for your whole body. In one study of women with RA, those who took a cooking class on Mediterranean-style foods (and ate that way for 2 months) had less joint pain and morning stiffness and better overall health compared to those who didn't take the class. Some people with rheumatoid arthritis have lower levels of selenium in their blood.


Question: How can olive oil help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: But research shows the Mediterranean diet's tasty fare -- like olive oil, fish, greens, and other vegetables -- can lower inflammation, which is good for your whole body. Many foods in the Mediterranean diet are rich in omega-3s. Olive Oil A natural chemical in olive oil stops the production of the chemicals that cause inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like and lower inflammation by curbing the production of these same chemicals. Choose extra-virgin olive oil. Red Meat and Dairy They're our main sources for saturated fats, which can cause inflammation in fat tissue.


Question: What produce should you eat to help treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation?

Answer: And because they're good for you, these foods -- including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish -- may help you feel better overall. Cherries Chemicals called anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants that help hold down inflammation.


Question: Can I test my blood sugar from places other than my fingertip?

Answer: Meters That Test Other Sites: Newer meters let you test sites other than your fingertip, such as your upper arm, forearm, base of the thumb, and thigh. You may get different results than from your fingertip. Blood sugar levels in the fingertips show changes more quickly than those in other testing sites. This is especially true when your blood sugar is rapidly changing, like after a meal or after exercise. If you are checking your sugar when you have symptoms of hypoglycemia, you should use your fingertip if possible, because these readings will be more accurate.


Question: How do I check my blood sugar from my fingertip?

Answer: There are several ways to test your blood sugar: From Your Fingertip: You prick your finger with a small, sharp needle (called a lancet) and put a drop of blood on a test strip. Then you put the test strip into a meter that shows your blood sugar level. You get results in less than 15 seconds and can store this information for future use. Some meters can tell you your average blood sugar level over a period of time and show you charts and graphs of your past test results. You can get blood sugar meters and strips at your local pharmacy.


Question: How can you monitor your glycated homoglobin (HbA1c) level?

Answer: Time of Test Ideal for Adults With Diabetes Before meals 70-130 mg/d L After meals Less than 180 mg/d L Home Blood Glucose Monitoring and Hb A1c Monitoring your Hb A1c level is also important for diabetes control. Many home glucose monitors can display an average blood glucose reading, which correlates with the Hb A1c.


Question: How can you test your blood sugar from your fingertip if you have diabetes?

Answer: There are several ways to test your blood sugar: From Your Fingertip: You prick your finger with a small, sharp needle (called a lancet) and put a drop of blood on a test strip. Then you put the test strip into a meter that shows your blood sugar level. You get results in less than 15 seconds and can store this information for future use. Some meters can tell you your average blood sugar level over a period of time and show you charts and graphs of your past test results. You can get blood sugar meters and strips at your local pharmacy.


Question: How can you test your blood sugar with meters that test other sites if you have diabetes?

Answer: Meters That Test Other Sites: Newer meters let you test sites other than your fingertip, such as your upper arm, forearm, base of the thumb, and thigh. You may get different results than from your fingertip. Blood sugar levels in the fingertips show changes more quickly than those in other testing sites. This is especially true when your blood sugar is rapidly changing, like after a meal or after exercise. If you are checking your sugar when you have symptoms of hypoglycemia, you should use your fingertip if possible, because these readings will be more accurate.


Question: Why would I get unusual results on my blood sugar test?

Answer: If you have certain conditions, like anemia or gout, or if it's hot or humid or you're at a high altitude, that can affect your blood sugar levels. If you keep seeing unusual results, recalibrate your meter and check the test strips.


Question: When should you test your blood sugar if you have diabetes?

Answer: You may need to check your blood sugar several times a day, such as before meals or exercise, at bedtime, before driving, and when you think your blood sugar levels are low. Everyone is different, so ask your doctor when and how often you should check your blood sugar. If you're sick, you'll probably need to test your blood sugar more often.


Question: How do you record your blood sugar test results if you have diabetes?

Answer: Keep good records of any blood, urine, or ketone tests you do. Most glucose monitors also have a memory. Your records can alert you to any problems or trends. These test records help your doctor make any needed changes in your meal plan, medicine, or exercise program. Bring these records with you every time you see your doctor.


Question: Why do people with diabetes check their own blood sugar levels?

Answer: The results help you and your doctor manage those levels, which helps you avoid diabetes complications. Most glucose monitors also have a memory.


Question: What affects the results when testing your blood sugar if you have diabetes?

Answer: Then you put the test strip into a meter that shows your blood sugar level. Learn about the symptoms of high or low blood sugar, and know what you can do if you begin to have symptoms.


Question: What are some tips for ordering food from a restaurant if you have high cholesterol?

Answer: Order first so that you will not be influenced by others' choices. For appetizers, order broth-based soups such as minestrone or gazpacho instead of creamy soups or fried finger foods. Choose seafood, chicken, or lean red meat rather than fatty or processed meats. Ask for steamed vegetables instead of fries. Ask for the sauces and dressings on the side so you can control how much you eat. For dessert, order sorbet or fresh, seasonal fruit without whipped cream or a topping.


Question: How effective is laparoscopy in treating endometriosis?

Answer: In both types of surgery, about 20% to 30% of women will have their endometriosis return within 5 years. The advantage of laparoscopy is a faster recovery that's less painful. You will probably have to stay in the hospital for several days after a laparotomy, and you may need several weeks to recover. During your recovery at home, you may be restricted from doing some everyday activities.


Question: How can operative laparoscopy help with treating endometriosis?

Answer: If your doctor finds endometriosis, she can remove some of the tissue growths during the procedure. She can cut them or burn them off using a laser or another technique.


Question: How can laparoscopy help with treating endometriosis?

Answer: If your doctor recommends surgery, the goal is to remove the endometriosis and any scar tissue from your body. Methods include: Laparoscopy. Doctors can diagnose and treat endometriosis with this procedure, which uses a thin instrument called a laparoscope. It has a light attached to it, along with a lens that lets your doctor see inside your pelvic area to look for endometriosis.


Question: What is a diagnostic laparoscopy for endometriosis?

Answer: During the procedure, your doctor will inflate your abdomen with gas and make a small cut to insert the laparoscope. This is the most reliable way to diagnose the condition. Your doctor may remove a small sample of tissue during the procedure to confirm the diagnosis.


Question: How soon can you go home after laparoscopy for endometriosis?

Answer: You'll probably be able to go home the day of the laparoscopy, but you might need to stay overnight if your surgery is complicated or takes a long time. You might be tired for a few days after the procedure, and your doctor may advise you not to drive for 2 weeks. You may also need to avoid sex and activities like swimming or bathing in a tub for about 2 weeks.


Question: When should you consider surgery for endometriosis?

Answer: If the pain from your endometriosis is severe and medication doesn't help enough, you may consider surgery. Some endometriosis operations can permanently affect whether you can have children, so you should talk about that with your doctor so you know what options are a good fit for you. You have trouble getting pregnant. You have a growth in your pelvic area that needs to be removed.


Question: What should you expect after laparoscopy for endometriosis?

Answer: But many start to feel discomfort again, so the results may not last. If the affected areas, or âlesions,â are deep inside your body, you may be more likely to get relief if your doctor cuts the tissue out. Some research suggests that these procedures tend to be more successful if your endometriosis is moderate, instead of mild. Even after this type of surgery, your endometriosis can come back, along with its pain.


Question: What is laparotomy for endometriosis?

Answer: Doctors can diagnose and treat endometriosis with this procedure, which uses a thin instrument called a laparoscope. Most women have less endometriosis pain after this procedure. Even after this type of surgery, your endometriosis can come back, along with its pain. It happens to up to 15% of women who have a total hysterectomy and both of their ovaries and fallopian tubes removed. In both types of surgery, about 20% to 30% of women will have their endometriosis return within 5 years.


Question: When is surgery an option for endometriosis?

Answer: Whether you should have surgery may depend on your age and your condition. You may want to consider it if: You have severe pelvic pain. If your doctor finds endometriosis, she can remove some of the tissue growths during the procedure.


Question: Are  medicines besides antidepressants used to treat depression?

Answer: Your doctor may also put you on other medications, such as stimulants and anti-anxiety drugs. That's especially likely if you have another mental or physical condition.


Question: What is psychotherapy?

Answer: You meet with a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, or other trained mental health professional. You will learn new ways to handle the challenges and mindset that depression can bring on. If your depression is mild to moderate, psychotherapy may work as well as an antidepressant.


Question: What is electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for depression?

Answer: Electroconvulsive therapy can work for severe depression that doesn't respond to other treatments. Also called electroshock therapy, it's the best proven option for such people. You'll be given medicine to go to sleep while a doctor sends a brief and painless electric current through your scalp to your brain. This current induces a seizure. Electroshock therapy is safe.


Question: How long will I stay on antidepressants?

Answer: That helps lower the chances that your symptoms will come back. How long you may need to stay on antidepressants will depend on your mix of symptoms, how much they improve, and whether you've had depression before. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other meds, supplements, or herbs.


Question: What is vagus nerve stimulation?

Answer: Vagus nerve stimulation is a brain stimulation surgery for people whose depression has resisted other treatments.


Question: What are types of antidepressants?

Answer: The major types are: SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are the most often prescribed type of antidepressant. SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) affect brain circuits that use both serotonin and norepinephrine.


Question: What are antidepressants?

Answer: Called antidepressants, these help lift your mood and ease the sadness and hopelessness you might feel. These SNRIs treat depression: Duloxetine ( Cymbalta).


Question: How do antidepressants work?

Answer: Research shows that in depression, brain circuits that use these chemicals don't work right. Antidepressants tweak the chemicals so that the circuits work better. That can help improve your mood, although researchers don't understand exactly how. SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) affect brain circuits that use both serotonin and norepinephrine.


Question: How are corticosteroids used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: Your doctor injects this medicine into the bumps. It can ease inflammation, pain, and swelling. You usually get these shots once a month for up to 3 months. If your case is severe, your doctor may recommend you take steroids by mouth.


Question: How are antibiotics used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: These are meds that fight infections. You need a prescription to get them. You can take them as a pill, or you can use a cream that you spread on your skin. They can keep your symptoms from getting worse and help curb more outbreaks. There are a lot of different antibiotics that your doctor can recommend. At first, you may take clindamycin or . Most people take them for 2 to 3 months. If that doesn't help, your doctor may suggest a combination treatment of clindamycin and rifampin ( Rifadin, Rimactane).


Question: What is it like to have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: Because this condition lasts a long time, it can be frustrating, and it can take an emotional toll on you. Make sure you get the support you need. Talk to your doctor about joining a support group, where you can meet with other people who are going through the same things. They can help you work through your feelings about the skin condition. Talk to your close family and friends about it, or consider talking with a professional counselor. They can help make sure you don't let your skin problems keep you from enjoying an active social life.


Question: What are the symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: The first warning sign of hidradenitis suppurativa is sometimes just a single, painful bump that gets inflamed. It can last for several days or months. There can be repeated outbreaks of a single bump in the same location or the same general area. The bumps can turn into pockets of pus under the skin that leak and have a bad smell. They can also be itchy. You can get them in one place or several areas at once. If the bumps are deep, they can turn into scars when they heal. Some people get tunnels under their skin, called sinus tracts, which connect different areas of HS outbreaks. The bumps and leaky pockets can go away and come back. In severe cases, they don't fully heal.


Question: How are NSAIDs used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: These over-the-counter medicines can ease your pain and help you manage swelling. Some common ones you can try with your doctor's OK are: Aspirin Ibuprofen Naproxen Antibiotics.


Question: How is topical resorcinol used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: This is a cream that your doctor prescribes. You put it on inflamed areas of your skin. It has chemicals that peel the skin.


Question: How is hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) diagnosed?

Answer: He may also ask you questions, such as: How long ago did your symptoms begin? Are they giving you pain? Have you had these symptoms in the past? Have any blood relatives had this problem? You usually don't need any tests to confirm a diagnosis. Sometimes, in order to rule out other kinds of infections, your doctor will take a sample of the pus and send it to a lab for testing. The type of treatment you get is based on how severe a case you have.


Question: Where can I get support for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?

Answer: You need a prescription to get them. So can support groups, where you can talk freely with people who understand your situation. Ask your doctor about how to find a group near you. You can get more information about HS on the website of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation.


Question: How can creative visualization help ease the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: In creative visualization, or guided imagery, you imagine a pain-free body. When you feel the emotions that come with those images, they have a better chance of happening in real life. Professional athletes, astronauts, and hospitals across the country use creative visualization.


Question: Can fish oil help with symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer: If you've heard good things about fish oil, check with your doctor before trying it. It's rich in omega-3 fatty acids that can help with joint pain or tenderness. But it can be hard on your stomach â¦ and your breath. Some versions of this supplement may contain toxic amounts of mercury or vitamin A, as well.


Question: What is Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } All AAlli (orlistat) is an over-the-counter medication used to help people lose weight. Studies have shown that Alli can help people lose more weight than dieting alone. The weight loss drug is intended for overweight adults ages 18 and older who also follow a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet. A stronger dose of the same active ingredient in Alli is available by prescription and is sold under the brand name Xenical. Xenical may also be recommended after weight loss surgery to help patients keep off the lost pounds.


Question: Who shouldn't take Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: Don't take Alli if: You've had an organ transplant. Alli is known to interfere with drugs used to prevent transplant rejection. You're taking cyclosporine. You're not overweight. You're pregnant or breastfeeding.


Question: How do I take Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: It's taken by mouth three times a day, either with a meal that contains a little bit of fat, or up to one hour afterward. If you eat a no-fat meal, your doctor may tell you to skip your dose. Never take more medicine than recommended.


Question: What are signs of liver damage linked to Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms and they become severe or do not go away: Difficulty controlling bowel movements Loose, frequent stools Oily or fatty stools Oily spots on undergarments Stomach or rectum pain Passing gas more often Urgent need to have a bowel movement Anxiety Changes in your menstrual cycle Headaches Call 911 or your doctor immediately if you develop any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Hives or itching Stomach pain that is severe or does not go away Alli has been linked to severe liver injury in rare cases, though it has mostly occurred in those taking the prescription-strength dose ( Xenical). Stop taking Alli and call your doctor immediately if you develop any of these possible signs of liver damage: Dark urine Fatigue Fever Light-colored stools Loss of appetite Severe, persistent itching Weakness Vomiting Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)


Question: When should you call 911 about side effects of Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms and they become severe or do not go away: Difficulty controlling bowel movements Loose, frequent stools Oily or fatty stools Oily spots on undergarments Stomach or rectum pain Passing gas more often Urgent need to have a bowel movement Anxiety Changes in your menstrual cycle Headaches Call 911 or your doctor immediately if you develop any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Hives or itching Stomach pain that is severe or does not go away Alli has been linked to severe liver injury in rare cases, though it has mostly occurred in those taking the prescription-strength dose ( Xenical).


Question: What should youe diet be like while taking Alli (orlistat)?

Answer: The weight loss drug is intended for overweight adults ages 18 and older who also follow a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet. If you eat a lot of fatty foods, even just one high-fat meal like a greasy burger, you're more likely to have uncomfortable digestive side effects. Choose lean cuts of meat and low-fat dairy products. In general, no more than 30% of your calories at each meal should come from fat. You'll also need to take a daily multivitamin that contains vitamins A, D, E, K, and beta carotene while on this drug. The drug's fat-blocking properties also make it more difficult for your body to absorb these fat-soluble vitamins. Do not take vitamins and Alli at the same time of the day.


Question: How does Alli (orlistat) work?

Answer: It blocks the intestines from absorbing about 25% of the fat that you eat. Fats that aren't absorbed leave your body through bowel movements. Some data suggest that Alli helps reduce the amount of a particularly dangerous type of belly fat called visceral fat, which has been linked to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. Alli is known to interfere with drugs used to prevent transplant rejection.


Question: Do cluster headaches have a list of triggers?

Answer: Cluster headaches don't have a long list of triggers, the way migraines do. Some people, though, say drinking alcohol or smoking can set off an episode or make it worse. You may find your trouble begins during a change of season; for example, at the start of fall or spring.


Question: How do cluster headaches start?

Answer: They come on quickly. Each one can last for about 15 minutes up to 3 hours. As the name suggests, they come in clusters, often around the same time each day. You might get up to eight a day for a few weeks or months. Then they'll go away for months or years, which doctors call remission.


Question: Is it possible to treat migraine or cluster headaches?

Answer: Whichever kind of headache is giving you problems, you've got two basic strategies. You either try to prevent the pain or ease it once it begins. There are medicines and other treatments that can do both.


Question: What should you do if you have a migraine or cluster headache?

Answer: You don't have to put up with either type of headache. Once you and your doctor figure out what's going on, you can make a plan to deal with it. Whichever kind of headache is giving you problems, you've got two basic strategies. You either try to prevent the pain or ease it once it begins. There are medicines and other treatments that can do both.


Question: How is a cluster headache different than a migraine?

Answer: With migraine, you may also get: Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light, sound, and smells Colored spots, lines, flashing lights, or sparkles in your vision, called auras Numbness or tingling Weakness Trouble speaking or hearing The pain of a cluster headache is often more severe than a migraine. For some folks, it feels so bad they have to get up and walk back and forth until it fades. Often the pain is centered over one eye, your temple, or on one side of your forehead.


Question: What are the symptoms of a migraine?

Answer: It will likely get more intense when you move your head. With migraine, you may also get: Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light, sound, and smells Colored spots, lines, flashing lights, or sparkles in your vision, called auras Numbness or tingling Weakness Trouble speaking or hearing The pain of a cluster headache is often more severe than a migraine. Often the pain is centered over one eye, your temple, or on one side of your forehead.


Question: Is it possible to tell the difference between migraines and cluster headaches?

Answer: A cluster headache usually hurts just on one side. Cluster headaches don't have a long list of triggers, the way migraines do.


Question: What are common triggers for migraines?

Answer: Some things that might set off your headache are: Changes in the weather Too much or too little sleep Strong smells Stress Loud noises Too little food Anxiety or depression Certain medicines Hormone changes can also kick off migraines, like those during your period, pregnancy, or when you take birth control pills. Cluster headaches don't have a long list of triggers, the way migraines do.


Question: When should you call your doctor about your vision if you have diabetes?

Answer: These symptoms can signal an emergency: Black spots in your vision Flashes of light " Holes" in your vision Blurred vision


Question: Do ocular or retinal migraines cause vision problems?

Answer: Most common types of migraine are Migraine without aura: one sided pain, pulsating, increased pain with activity, nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity Migraine with aura: same pain symptoms but also with fully reversible auras (described above) Often, temporary vision loss or distortion in one eye occurs with retinal migraine, which is rare. Retinal migraines are usually harmless. They last a few minutes, then normal vision returns. However, other serious conditions can cause sudden loss of vision in one eye, so see a doctor immediately if you have vision changes.


Question: What are the emergency symptoms of a migraine headache?

Answer: Call your doctor right away if you have the following migraine symptoms: A change in frequency, severity, or features from your usual migraine A headache that lasts for days, getting progressively worse A headache brought on by coughing, sneezing, bearing down, or straining while on the toilet Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency department if you have any of the following: The worst headache ever, especially if the headache came on very quickly Headache associated with head injury Head injury with loss of consciousness Fever or stiff neck with a headache Decreased level of consciousness or confusion Paralysis or weakness Seizure Change in vision Loss of vision


Question: What type of migraine causes pain and weakness around the eye?

Answer: If you have symptoms of hemiplegic migraine, get immediate medical help to rule out stroke. Rare symptoms like these may be due to ophthalmoplegic migraine -- what's now known as a neuralgia -- or a more serious condition. Ophthalmoplegic migraines often last a week and may cause a droopy eyelid, double vision, and other eye changes.


Question: What are the signs of a prodrome or an imminent migraine?

Answer: Signs include: Mood changes, excitability, irritability Depression Fatigue and yawning Muscle tension Signs may occur as early as 1 or 2 days before the headache. Practice recognizing early signs. Your efforts may help you abort a headache. It's very rare, but some people get a type of migraine that causes severe muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.


Question: Do migraines cause vertigo?

Answer: Most common types of migraine are Migraine without aura: one sided pain, pulsating, increased pain with activity, nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity Migraine with aura: same pain symptoms but also with fully reversible auras (described above) Often, temporary vision loss or distortion in one eye occurs with retinal migraine, which is rare. Some people who get these migraines also have unsteadiness, dizziness, vertigo and difficulty speaking. Be sure to talk with your doctor about it. Dizziness from migraines may make you feel lightheaded or unsteady. Vertigo makes you feel as if the room is spinning. It's often related to changes in your inner ear.


Question: How do you know if a child is dehydrated from vomiting?

Answer: Call your doctor if you see any of these signs: dry mouth, crying without tears, dry diapers, urine that is very dark, sunken soft spot on the top of the head.


Question: What should you do after your child has stopped vomiting?

Answer: Give your child larger amounts of fluid. Breastfeed babies as usual and slowly start giving formula. Feed toddlers mild foods in their regular diet; avoid spicy foods, fried foods, and foods that are high in fat or greasy. Serve your child's normal diet.


Question: How do you treat symptoms of a child vomiting?

Answer: Is vomiting frequently Spits up or vomits strongly Spits up more than one or two tablespoons of milk Spits up brown, red, or green liquid Does not gain weight Wets fewer diapers than usual Is sluggish or very tired or prefers not to move Has a fever higher than 102 Fahrenheit Has blood in vomit or stools Is vomiting and crying without tears Has diarrhea more than once a day Spitting up is common until babies start eating solid foods. Vomiting can cause a child to lose fluids, so it's important to watch for dehydration. Give fluids in small amounts. If the child vomits afterward, wait 20 to 30 minutes and give the fluids again. If a child has vomited two or more times, call your doctor. If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. Your doctor may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor. Give toddlers about one tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, diluted juice, or clear broth every 15 minutes. If your child continues to vomit, call your doctor.


Question: Why is early treatment helpful for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?

Answer: It can help prevent nerve damage. That can help stop symptoms from becoming severe.


Question: What causes the symptoms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?

Answer: What they do know is that it's caused by inflammation of nerves and nerve roots. The swelling can destroy the protective covering around nerves, known as myelin. That can hurt nerve fibers and slow the nerves' ability to send signals. This is what causes the weakness, pain, fatigue, and numbness.


Question: How is chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) diagnosed?

Answer: It can slow your reflexes and make your arms and legs feel weak. And the sooner you begin it, the better the chance of a complete recovery. Anyone can get CIDP, but it's most common in older adults, and more in men than women. No. Your doctor may also recommend physical therapy.


Question: What are the treatments for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?

Answer: Intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG). Your doctor may also recommend physical therapy. Moderate exercise may give you more energy.


Question: What lab tests can be used to determine what's wrong with my knee?

Answer: Also, pain from your hip can make your knee hurt.


Question: How can an MRI help determine why what's wrong with my knee?

Answer: In this test, a powerful magnet linked to a computer creates pictures of areas inside the knee. It's useful for finding damage to soft tissue, such as muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons.


Question: How can an x-ray help determine what's wrong with my knee?

Answer: The test shows much more detail of the bones than regular X-rays, and it can help diagnose bone problems and find breaks in bones that X-rays may not pick up.


Question: How will my doctor figure out what's causing my knee pain?

Answer: First, your doctor will compare your painful knee with your healthy one, looking for any differences. In addition to redness, swelling, bruising, and discoloration, your doctor will check for differences in your muscles. Knee pain often happens the when the outer muscles of the thigh are stronger than those in the mid-thigh (causing the kneecap to be pulled âoff trackâ), so your doctor will pay particular attention to the vastus medialis, a muscle in your mid-thigh that extends to the knee. You doctor will also feel your knee, checking for pain, warmth, and swelling. He will then bend, straighten, rotate, or press on the knee to feel for injury and find out how well the knee moves and where the pain is.


Question: What questions might my doctor ask if I tell him my knee hurts?

Answer: Be ready to answer questions such as: When did the pain start? Where does it hurt: the front, center, side, or back of the knee? Did it start suddenly or slowly? How would you describe the pain: dull, sharp, or achy? Is the pain always there, or just now and then? Is there any swelling or redness? Does it feel warm? Do any activities make the pain better or worse? Did your pain start because of a specific injury? Your doctor will also ask about: Problems with any other joints Any knee injuries or surgeries you've had Other health issues that might be causing the pain A hip problem, for example, can cause you to walk awkwardly, which throws off alignment of your knees, causing pain.


Question: How should I talk to my infant?

Answer: You play "peek-a-boo" with your baby. Narrate your activities. During baths, meals, or play, tell her what you're doing and what she's looking at. Read to your baby and talk about the pictures you see. Celebrate, smile, and act excited when she makes sounds and smiles. At around 2 months, babies start making vowel sounds ("ah-ah" or "oh-oh"). Mimic these sounds, and mix in some real words, too. When she makes a sound, you should make the sound as well, and then wait for her to respond. This will teach her how to have a conversation.


Question: What is the best way to speak to my baby?

Answer: It's fun, but it's also crucial to her development. She's also listening to you -- she may smile, move her arms and legs, or coo when you speak to her a certain way. For example, hold a ball and say, " Do you want a ball?


Question: How should I talk to my baby?

Answer: For your little one to get the most benefits: Talk with her often. Get some alone time with your infant. Baby talk is most beneficial when it's one-on-one between parent and child, with no other adults or children around. When your baby tries to talk back to you, don't interrupt or look away. She needs to know you care about listening to her. Look your child in the eyes. She'll respond better to speech when she's looking right at you. Limit how much TV she sees and hears. Too much can stunt language growth. Your baby needs to hear how words sound in everyday conversation. Mimic these sounds, and mix in some real words, too.


Question: Does talking to my baby help them?

Answer: You talk to her while you're changing her diaper. You sing to her as you rock her to sleep. And when she happily coos, babbles, and gurgles, you make those sounds right along with her. It's fun, but it's also crucial to her development. Her young brain is soaking up the sounds, tones, and language she'll use to say her first words. You play a big role. Children who have parents who talk to them often tend to form stronger language and conversational skills than kids who don't. Talk, sing, coo, babble, and play peek-a-boo with your child.


Question: Does testosterone replacement therapy have side effects?

Answer: TRT has side effects, which may include: Acne and oily skin Lower sperm count, which can cause infertility Increased risk of blood clots Shrinkage of the testicles Larger breasts Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Guidelines from the Endocrine Society say you should not have TRT if you have prostate cancer or breast cancer.


Question: What tests do you need during testosterone replacement therapy?

Answer: Your doctor will measure your testosterone levels at the 3- and 6-month marks after treatment begins. After that you'll be tested once a year. At the same time, your doctor will check your red blood cell levels. Within 1 to 2 years of TRT, your doctor will measure your bone density if you had osteoporosis when treatment began. Your doctor will evaluate your prostate cancer risk at the start of treatment and may do more tests at the 3- and 6-month marks, and then annually.


Question: Can your artificial knee set off an airport metal detectors?

Answer: Chances are, your knee implant will almost always set off the airport metal detector. That can trigger a hand pat-down screening by a Transportation Security Administration ( TSA) agent. If the security checkpoint has a full-body scanner, you can go through that instead. You may still be searched a second time if the agents think they see something suspicious on the screen. You can print and carry a small TSA notification card to let the agent know you have an artificial knee, but this will not always stop them from searching you again. You also can speed things up by wearing clothes that easily let you reveal your surgical scar.


Question: How might your new knee feel after you get knee replacement surgery?

Answer: You'll have less pain, for one. You also may notice other strange differences. For example, your new knee may click and pop. That's the sound of the metal and plastic in your implant rubbing against each other. If it doesn't hurt, you don't need to worry. You might have trouble kneeling. Bending down won't harm your new joint. But about half of all people who have knee replacement surgery say they don't like the feeling when they kneel.


Question: What are the odds you'll need another surgery after you get an artificial knee?

Answer: Almost nine out of 10 people find that their new body part holds up for at least 20 years. More than two-thirds of these operations are done within the first year, usually because the joint gets infected. Repeat surgeries that happen later more often involve a loose implant, which can be painful or can leave your knee unstable. Always keep a watch on your artificial joint. If you suddenly have pain, swelling, and trouble moving, call your surgeon.


Question: How can poison ivy, oak, or sumac cause skin allergy?

Answer: This natural rubber is part of many products, such as: Condoms Balloons Disposable gloves Baby bottles Poison ivy, oak, or sumac. A type of oil in these plants called urushiol causes allergic reactions.


Question: What can trigger eczema?

Answer: They include: Animal dander Cleaning products Dust Narrowing down a culprit can be tricky.


Question: How can I relieve the symptoms of skin allergy?

Answer: Here's how: Wear loose clothing. Put cool compresses on the area or take a cool shower. Use calamine lotion and hydrocortisone creams. Soak in an oatmeal or milk bath.


Question: How can I prevent a skin allergy?

Answer: Your doctor can help you figure out exactly what the cause of your allergy is. You may get a patch test. Tiny amounts of allergens are put on your skin. You'll be asked to keep that area dry. After a few days, those areas are checked to see if you get a reaction. If you do touch a potential allergen, wash the area with soap and water as soon as possible. Most skin allergies fade on their own. In the meantime, relieve the symptoms.


Question: What is eczema?

Answer: You may hear this called âatopic dermatitis.â It's a chronic allergic condition that usually begins in childhood. About 11% of Americans have it. Experts aren't certain what leads to it. They do know certain triggers can make your skin itchy, red, and dry. They include: Animal dander Cleaning products Dust Narrowing down a culprit can be tricky.


Question: What everyday things have nickel in them?

Answer: Here are the most common kinds: Contact dermatitis.


Question: What are symptoms of contact dermatitis?

Answer: They include: Redness Swelling Cracking Burning Blisters Bumps Scaly patches Rashes You usually don't get a reaction right away. It can take anywhere from a few hours to 10 days. Typically, it takes from 12 hours to 3 days. Even with treatment, symptoms can last 2 to 4 weeks.


Question: What is a skin allergy?

Answer: That's when you encounter something your body thinks is dangerous, called an allergen. Your immune system overreacts, and releases antibodies to fight off these âinvaders.â That fight triggers symptoms like a rash or swelling.


Question: Which household items can have latex in them?

Answer: This natural rubber is part of many products, such as: Condoms Balloons Disposable gloves Baby bottles Poison ivy, oak, or sumac.


Question: What household products have ingredients that can cause skin allergy?

Answer: Your skin can react to common preservatives and metals in these things around your home: Cleaners Sunscreens Cosmetics Hair dye Antiperspirants Antibiotic creams.


Question: Can my doctor prescribe me anything for my skin allergy?

Answer: Your doctor can help you figure out exactly what the cause of your allergy is. He can prescribe stronger antihistamines or steroids to help you feel better faster. In rare cases, skin allergies can lead to a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. If you -- or someone around you -- is wheezing, has chest tightness, or trouble breathing, get medical care immediately.


Question: What is a folate?

Answer: Folate, formerly known as folacin, is the generic term for both naturally occurring food folate and folic acid, the fully oxidized monoglutamate form of the vitamin that is used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. It is a B vitamin that's important for cell growth and metabolism. Studies show that many people in the U. S. don't get enough folic acid.


Question: What is the difference between folate and folic acid?

Answer: Folate, formerly known as folacin, is the generic term for both naturally occurring food folate and folic acid, the fully oxidized monoglutamate form of the vitamin that is used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. They have the same effects. Folate is the natural version found in foods. Folic acid is the man-made version in supplements and added to foods.


Question: Why do I need to take folic acid supplements?

Answer: Folate is the natural version found in foods. Folic acid supplements are standard for pregnant women and women who plan to become pregnant. Folic acid may also lower the risk of preeclampsia and early labor. Folate deficiencies are more common in people who have digestive problems, kidney or liver disease, or who abuse alcohol. Folic acid is also used to reduce the toxicity of the drug methotrexate in psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis patients.


Question: Who should have a copy of the asthma action plan for your child?

Answer: That's where an action plan can help. Also give a copy to everyone who cares for your child, including: Teachers or day-care workers School nurses Baby sitters Coaches Camp counselors Other family members Review the plan with your child's doctor at least once every 6 months.


Question: What is the green zone of an asthma action plan and what is involved?

Answer: You'll know he's in the green zone when he: Is breathing easy Isn't coughing or wheezing Can do his regular activities Sleeps through the night without coughing If you can say "yes" to those four items, he's doing well. Even when he's doing well, keep up his regular medication. This zone means DANGER. Your action plan won't "cure" your child's asthma, but it can make a huge difference in how well he keeps it under control.


Question: What is the yellow zone of the an asthma action plan and what is involved?

Answer: Think of this category as a big yellow "caution" sign. You'll know your child belongs here when he: Coughs Looks like he's short of breath Wheezes Has some trouble doing his usual activities Has a tight feeling in his chest Wakes up at night with breathing problems If he has some or all of those, make sure he's taking his regular treatment plus any additional medications his doctor recommends. She might prescribe some that give quick relief when your child has symptoms, called rescue medicines. What should you do if the medications don't help? Your action plan won't "cure" your child's asthma, but it can make a huge difference in how well he keeps it under control.


Question: What is an asthma action plan for my child?

Answer: When your child has an asthma flare, it's natural to worry that he's in serious trouble or wonder if he just needs a tweak to his medicine. That's where an action plan can help. Most use a simple system that's set up like a traffic light: green for "go," yellow for "caution," and red for "stop -- danger!" These days, many doctors instead ask you to watch your child's behavior and look for specific signs to see which zone he's in.


Question: Can I check my blood pressure at home?

Answer: Keeping track of blood pressure at home is important for many people, especially if you have high blood pressure. This helps you and your doctor find out if your treatment is working. Your doctor may also suggest that you check your pressure at home if she thinks you may have "white coat hypertension." It's a real condition. The stress of being in a doctor's office raises your blood pressure, but when you're home, it's normal.


Question: What can I use to measure my blood pressure at home?

Answer: Ask your doctor to recommend an easy-to-use home blood pressure monitor. Make sure the cuff fits properly. If your arm is too big for the cuff, the reading may be higher than your blood pressure really is. Ask your doctor for a larger cuff or make sure you buy a home monitor with a cuff that fits you. You also can use a wrist blood pressure monitor, but they often aren't as accurate. Follow the directions that come with the device to make sure you are using it correctly. No matter which type of blood pressure monitor you have, it's a good idea to take it to your doctor's office. You can compare its reading to the numbers your doctor gets. Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, and exercise for at least 30 minutes before the test.


Question: How is blood pressure measured?

Answer: Some cuffs go around the forearm or wrist, but often they aren't as accurate. Your doctor or nurse will use a stethoscope to listen to the blood moving through your artery. She'll inflate the cuff to a pressure higher than your systolic blood pressure, and it will tighten around your arm. Then she'll release it. As the cuff deflates, the first sound she hears through the stethoscope is the systolic blood pressure. It sounds like a whooshing noise. The point where this noise goes away marks the diastolic blood pressure. In a blood pressure reading, the systolic number always comes first, and then the diastolic number. For example, your numbers may be "120 over 80" or written as 120/80.


Question: What does the diastolic blood pressure number mean?

Answer: The diastolic reading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. This is the time when the heart fills with blood and gets oxygen. A normal diastolic blood pressure is lower than 80. Keeping track of blood pressure at home is important for many people, especially if you have high blood pressure.


Question: How do I know if I have high blood pressure?

Answer: But even if your diastolic number is lower than 80, you can have elevated blood pressure if the systolic reading is 120-129. That's why it's often called the "silent killer." The first symptom of untreated high blood pressure may be a heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage


Question: How should you measure your blood pressure at home?

Answer: The stress of being in a doctor's office raises your blood pressure, but when you're home, it's normal. Ask your doctor or nurse to show you the right way to position your arm so you get accurate readings. Check it at the same time of day so the readings are consistent. Then, take several readings about 1 minute apart. Be sure to write down the results. Take the blood pressure journal to your doctor's office so you can talk about any changes in your numbers. Your doctor will decide whether you need medications.


Question: How often should I get my blood pressure checked?

Answer: If your blood pressure is normal (less than 120/80), get it checked every year or more frequently as your doctor suggests. If your blood pressure is elevated -- systolic blood pressure between 120 and 129 or diastolic blood pressure of less than 80 -- your doctor will probably want to check it every 3-6 months. It depends on what other health conditions or risk factors you have. Your doctor will decide whether you need medications. Even if your blood pressure is high, you probably won't have symptoms.


Question: What does the systolic blood pressure number mean?

Answer: This force creates pressure on those blood vessels, and that's your systolic blood pressure. A normal systolic pressure is below 120. 140 or more is stage 2 hypertension. The diastolic reading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.


Question: What are blood pressure numbers called?

Answer: Doctors call them systolic (the top number) and diastolic (the bottom number) blood pressure. Knowing both is important and could save your life. Take the blood pressure journal to your doctor's office so you can talk about any changes in your numbers.


Question: What should I tell my dentist regarding my general health?

Answer: Here's what you should consider: Talk with your dentist, other oral health care specialist, or hygienist about any special conditions in your mouth and any ways in which your medical/health conditions affect your teeth or oral health. For example, cancer treatments, pregnancy, heart diseases, diabetes, dental appliances (dentures, braces) can all impact your oral health and may necessitate a change in the care of your mouth and/or teeth. Be sure to tell your dentist if you have experienced a change in your general health or in any medications you are taking since your last dental visit.


Question: How often should I visit my dentist for my oral health?

Answer: Talk with your dentist about the frequency that is best for you.


Question: What questions should I ask my dentist about oral health care?

Answer: Here are questions you may want to ask: What are the treatment options for a particular dental condition? How do these options differ in cost and durability? Do all the options solve the problem? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each option? Of the dental treatments being recommended, which are absolutely necessary, which are less urgent, which are elective, and which are merely cosmetic? What are the consequences of delaying treatment? How much will the treatment cost? When is payment due? What method of payment does your dentist expect?


Question: How can I examine my mouth regularly for my oral health?

Answer: Become familiar with the appearance of your own mouth and teeth through frequent examination. This way, you will be able to catch any changes at an early stage and have these changes examined by a dentist. Look for the development of any spots, lesions, cuts, swellings, or growths on your gums, tongue, cheeks, inside of your lips, and floor and roof of your mouth. Examine your teeth for any signs of chipping or cracking, discoloration, and looseness. If you experience a change in your bite or develop pain, call your dentist as soon as possible. An oral exam is particularly important to conduct if you are a tobacco user, since you are at an increased risk of developing oral cancer.


Question: How often should I brush, floss, and rinse for my oral health care?

Answer: These activities remove plaque, which if not removed, combines with sugars to form acids that lead to tooth decay. Bacterial plaque also causes gum disease and other periodontal diseases. Antibacterial mouth rinses also reduce bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease, and fluoride mouth rinse can help prevent tooth decay. If you do snack, brush teeth afterward or chew sugarless gum.


Question: When should you tell someone you're dating that you have genital herpes?

Answer: It's up to you to decide the right time to tell a date that you have genital herpes. Follow two rules: First, don't wait until after having sex. Second, don't wait until you're just about to have sex -- in which case the attraction may be too strong for either of you to think rationally and act responsibly.


Question: How is estrogen related to postmenopausal depression?

Answer: At menopause, estrogen levels fall to very low levels. Interestingly, taking oral estrogen does not improve depression in women after menopause. In large trials evaluating hormone replacement therapy, women taking estrogen reported the same mental health as women taking placebo. After menopause, women's rates of depression fall, becoming similar to men of the same age.


Question: How is estrogen related to postpartum depression?

Answer: Is it too much estrogen? However, 10% to 25% of women experience a major depression within the first six months after childbirth. The abrupt drop in estrogen after delivery seems like the obvious culprit -- but this link has never been proved. Postpartum depression is treated like any other depression, with antidepressants, therapy, or both. Some preparations of estrogen do show promise as a potential add-on to these established treatments.


Question: How is estrogen related to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

Answer: As many as 90% of women experience unpleasant symptoms before their periods. Some experts consider premenstrual dysphoric disorder to be a severe form of PMS. In PMDD, mood symptoms are more severe and often overshadow physical symptoms. The emotional disturbances are significant enough to cause problems with daily life. From 3% to 9% of women experience premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Estrogen appears to be involved in these mood disturbances, but exactly how is more of a mystery. Estrogen levels in women with PMS or PMDD are almost always normal. The problem may instead lie in the way estrogen "talks" to the parts of the brain involved in mood. Women with PMS or PMDD may also be more affected by the normal fluctuations of estrogen during the menstrual cycle.


Question: What are the effects of estrogen on the brain?

Answer: Not enough? Some of estrogen's effects include: Increasing serotonin, and the number of serotonin receptors in the brain. Modifying the production and the effects of endorphins, the "feel-good" chemicals in the brain. Protecting nerves from damage, and possibly stimulating nerve growth. What these effects mean in an individual woman is impossible to predict. Estrogen's actions are too complex for researchers to understand fully. As an example, despite estrogen's apparently positive effects on the brain, many women's moods improve after menopause, when estrogen levels are very low. Some experts believe that some women are more vulnerable to the menstrual cycle's normal changes in estrogen. They suggest it's the roller coaster of hormones during the reproductive years that create mood disturbances. The problem may instead lie in the way estrogen "talks" to the parts of the brain involved in mood.


Question: What are normal estrogen levels?

Answer: During the rest of the month, estrogen levels climb and fall gradually. Normal estrogen levels vary widely. Large differences are typical in a woman on different days, or between two women on the same day of their cycles. The actual measured level of estrogen doesn't predict emotional disturbances. Women with PMS or PMDD may also be more affected by the normal fluctuations of estrogen during the menstrual cycle. At menopause, estrogen levels fall to very low levels.


Question: What are the side effects of leukotriene modifiers for allergies?

Answer: Side effects of these drugs are rare but may include: Stomach pain or stomach upset Heartburn Fever Stuffy nose Cough Rash Headache Irritability Some simple over-the-counter products can help with allergy symptoms.


Question: How are mast cell stabilizers used to treat allergies?

Answer: Mast cell stabilizers can be used to treat mild to moderate inflammation in allergy sufferers. Mast cell stabilizers are available as eyedrops for allergic conjunctivitis, and nasal sprays for nasal allergy symptoms. Like with many drugs, it may take several weeks before the full effects are felt.


Question: What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers for allergies?

Answer: Throat irritation, coughing or skin rashes sometimes can occur. Mast cell stabilizers in the form of eye drops may cause burning, stinging, or blurred vision when they are administered.


Question: What are the side effects of decongestants for allergies?

Answer: Decongestants may raise blood pressure, so they typically are not recommended for people who have blood pressure problems or glaucoma. They may also cause insomnia or irritability and restrict urinary flow.


Question: How do leukotriene modifiers work to treat allergies?

Answer: Leukotriene modifiers block the effects of leukotrienes, chemicals produced in the body in response to an allergic reaction.


Question: How do antihistamines work to treat allergies?

Answer: When you are exposed to an allergen -- for example ragweed pollen -- it triggers your immune system. People with allergies demonstrate an exaggerated immune response. Immune system cells known as "mast cells" release a substance called histamine, which attaches to receptors in blood vessels, causing them to enlarge. Histamine also binds to other receptors causing redness, swelling, itching, and changes in secretions. By blocking histamine and keeping it from binding to receptors, antihistamines prevent these symptoms.


Question: How are steroids used to treat allergies?

Answer: Some examples of combination allergy medicines include: Over-the-counter: cetirizine and pseudoephedrine ( Zyrtec- D), fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine ( Allegra- D), diphenhydramine and pseudoephedrine ( Benadryl Allergy and Sinus), loratadine and pseudoephedrine ( Claritin- D), and pseudoephedrine/triprolidine ( Actifed) for nasal allergies; and naphazoline/pheniramine ( Naphcon A) for allergic conjunctivitis Prescription: acrivastine and pseudoephedrine ( Semprex- D) for nasal allergies;azelastine/fluticasone ( Dymista) combines an antihistamine with a steroid in a nasal spray for seasonal nasal allergies Steroids, known medically as corticosteroids, can reduce inflammation associated with allergies. They prevent and treat nasal stuffiness, sneezing, and itchy, runny nose due to seasonal or year-round allergies. They can also decrease inflammation and swelling from other types of allergic reactions. Systemic steroids are available in various forms: as pills or liquids for serious allergies or asthma, locally acting inhalers for asthma, locally acting nasal sprays for seasonal or year-round allergies, topical creams for skin allergies, or topical eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. In addition, it may take one to two weeks before the full effect of the medicine can be felt. Some of these drugs also have important anti-inflammatory effects, but typically they are not as effective as steroids.


Question: How are antihistamines used to treat allergies?

Answer: Over-the-counter ( OTC) antihistamine eye drops can relieve red itchy eyes, while nasal sprays can be used to treat the symptoms of seasonal or year-round allergies. They can come in nasal spray, eye drop, liquid, or pill form. Leukotriene modifiers are used to treat asthma and nasal allergy symptoms.


Question: What is an example of how much fiber to get for breakfast?

Answer: This sample menu gives you 37 grams of fiber from tasty, familiar foods: Breakfast: One serving of whole-grain bran flake cereal (5 grams of fiber), topped with half a sliced banana (1.5 grams of fiber) and skim milk Morning snack: 24 almonds (3.3 grams of fiber) mixed with a quarter cup of raisins (2 grams of fiber) Lunch: Turkey sandwich made with 2 slices of whole wheat bread, plus lettuce, and tomato (about 5 grams of fiber total), and an orange (3.1 grams of fiber) Afternoon snack: Yogurt topped with half a cup of blueberries (2 grams of fiber) Dinner: Grilled fish served alongside a salad made with romaine lettuce and shredded carrots (2.6 grams of fiber), plus half a cup of cooked spinach (2.1 grams of fiber), and half a cup of lentils (7.5 grams of fiber) After-dinner treat: 3 cups popped popcorn (3.5 grams of fiber) var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && !


Question: What are benefits to fiber?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Fiber helps you manage your weight, lowers cholesterol, keeps your bowel movements regular, and reduces your odds of getting diabetes and heart disease. So check food labels and choose "high fiber" foods -- which contain more than 5 grams of fiber per serving -- whenever possible. Consider fiber supplements if you continually fall short of getting what you need through what you eat. Examples include psyllium and methylcellulose. You can also make simple substitutions to replace low-fiber foods with fiber-rich dishes. Use this chart to help you put more fiber on your plate.


Question: How much fiber should you get per day?

Answer: But it's easier than you think to eat the recommended daily intake. For adults 50 and younger you need 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men. Consider fiber supplements if you continually fall short of getting what you need through what you eat.


Question: How much does wisdom teeth extraction cost?

Answer: Simple extraction of a wisdom tooth can cost as little as $99 per tooth. The cost of wisdom teeth that are impacted can cost between $230 and $340 and even more. Because costs vary in different areas of the country, contact your dentist or oral surgeon for their charges. Also, check with both your dental insurance carrier and medical insurance provider. One or the other type of insurance may cover a portion of the cost of wisdom teeth removal.


Question: What are potential complications of wisdom tooth removal?

Answer: Two of the more important complications after having your wisdom teeth removed include: Dry socket. Dry socket is a common complication that occurs when either a blood clot has failed to form in the extracted tooth socket or else the blood clot that did form has been dislodged. Without clot formation, healing will be delayed. When it happens, dry socket typically occurs 3 or 4 days following the extraction and is accompanied by pain (ranging from "dull" to moderate to severe) and a foul mouth odor. Your dentist or oral surgeon will treat the dry socket by placing medication in the socket. Paresthesia. Paresthesia is a rarer complication of wisdom teeth extraction. Wisdom teeth entrapped in the jawbone are often close to nerves. Sometimes these nerves can be bruised or damaged during the tooth removal process. The result is a numbness (called a paresthesia) of the tongue, lip, or chin that can last a few days, weeks, months, or may even be permanent.


Question: What does recovery involve after wisdom teeth extraction?

Answer: After having your wisdom teeth removed, the speed of your recovery depends on the degree of difficulty of the extraction (a simple extraction of a fully erupted tooth versus a tooth impacted into the jawbone).


Question: How are wisdom teeth removed?

Answer: The relative ease at which your dentist or oral surgeon can extract your wisdom teeth depends on their position and stage of development. Your oral health care provider will be able to give you an idea of what to expect during your pre-extraction exam. A wisdom tooth that is fully erupted through the gum can be extracted as easily as any other tooth. However, a wisdom tooth that is underneath the gums and embedded in the jawbone will require an incision into the gums and then removal of the portion of bone that lies over the tooth. Often, for a tooth in this situation, the tooth will be extracted in small sections rather than removed in one piece to minimize the amount of bone that needs to be removed to get the tooth out.


Question: How do I know if I have wisdom teeth?

Answer: He or she may take an X-ray periodically to evaluate for the presence and alignment of your wisdom teeth. Your dentist may also decide to send you to an oral surgeon for further evaluation. Your dentist or oral surgeon may recommend that your wisdom teeth be extracted even before problems develop. This is done to avoid a more painful or more complicated extraction that might have to be done a few years later. Removal is easier in young people, when the wisdom teeth roots are not yet fully developed and the bone is less dense. In older people, recovery and healing time tend to be longer.


Question: What happens during wisdom teeth removal?

Answer: Before your wisdom teeth are pulled, the teeth and the surrounding tissue will be numbed with a local anesthetic -- the same type used to numb a tooth prior to having a cavity filled. In addition to the local anesthetic to numb the pain, you and your dentist or oral surgeon may decide that a sedative is desired to control any anxiety. Sedating medications that could be selected include: nitrous oxide (otherwise known as "laughing gas"), an oral sedative (for example, Valium), or an intravenous sedative (administered via an injection into your veins). If nitrous oxide is given, you will be able to drive yourself home. If any of the other medications is selected, you will need someone to drive you both to and from the appointment.


Question: What should I know about wisdom teeth?

Answer: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Wisdom teeth are the third and final set of molars that most people get in their late teens or early twenties. Sometimes these teeth can be a valuable asset to the mouth when healthy and properly aligned, but more often, they are misaligned and require removal. When wisdom teeth are misaligned, they may position themselves horizontally, be angled toward or away from the second molars, or be angled inward or outward. Poor alignment of wisdom teeth can crowd or damage adjacent teeth, the jawbone, or nerves. Wisdom teeth also can be impacted -- they are enclosed within the soft tissue and/or the jawbone or only partially break through or erupt through the gum. Partial eruption of the wisdom teeth allows an opening for bacteria to enter around the tooth and cause an infection, which results in pain, swelling, jaw stiffness, and general illness. Partially erupted teeth are also more prone to tooth decay and gum diseas,e because their hard-to-reach location and awkward positioning makes brushing and flossing difficult.


Question: What happens during the first 24 hours after wisdom teeth removal?

Answer: During the first 24 hours Bleeding may occur for several hours after tooth extraction. To control it, position a piece of clean moist gauze over the empty tooth socket and bite down firmly. Apply constant pressure for about 45 minutes. A moistened tea bag is an effective alternative. The tannic acid in tea helps healing blood clots to form (blood clots function similarly to scab over an open wound). Repeat this process if a small degree of bleeding continues; if heavy bleeding continues to occur, contact your dentist or oral surgeon. Avoid rinsing or spitting for 24 hours after tooth extraction, avoid "sucking" actions (for example, don't drink beverages through straws or smoke) and avoid hot liquids (such as coffee or soup). These activities can dislodge the clot, causing a dry socket (see below) to develop. Facial swelling in the area where the tooth was extracted typically occurs. To minimize swelling, place a piece of ice, wrapped in a cloth, on that area of your face on a schedule of 10 minutes on, followed by 20 minutes off. Repeat as necessary during this first 24-hour period. Pain medications, such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Motrin or Advil), can be taken for minor pain. Your dentist or oral surgeon may prescribe more potent pain relievers, if necessary. Antibiotics that may have been prescribed prior to tooth extraction (to treat any active infection around the wisdom tooth to be extracted) should continue to be taken until the full prescription is gone. Foods should be restricted to a liquid diet until all the numbness from anesthesia has worn off. Eat soft foods for a few days. Also avoid alcohol if you're also taking narcotic pain medication. Continue to brush your teeth, but avoid the teeth directly neighboring the extracted tooth during the first 24 hours. On day two, resume the gentle brushing of your teeth. Do not use commercial mouth rinses -- these can irritate the extraction site.


Question: How should I treat my mouth 24 hours after wisdom teeth removal?

Answer: Do not use commercial mouth rinses -- these can irritate the extraction site. After 24 hours Facial swelling in the area of the tooth extraction should be treated with heat after the first 24 hours of ice. Apply a moist warm towel to the area on a 20-minute on, 20-minute off schedule. Repeat as necessary. Stitches , if used and if not of the self-dissolving type, need to be removed by your oral health care provider in about 1 week. If you do require stitches, ask what type you have been given. Watch for signs of dry socket (described below). This condition requires treatment by your oral health care provider. Complete healing doesn't occur for a few weeks to a few months following the extraction. However, usually within the first week or two, enough healing has taken place for use of your mouth to be reasonably comfortable in the area of the extraction. Your dentist will explain what to expect in your specific case.


Question: What are side effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs?

Answer: Some examples include: Advicor: Niacin- Lovastatin (icotinic acid) Caduet: Amlodipine - Atorvastatin, acalciumchannel blocker Liptruzet: Atorvastatin and ezetimibe Simcor: Simvastatin and niacin (nicotinic acid) Vytorin: Simvastatin and ezetimibe , a cholesterol absorption inhibitor The side effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs include: Muscle aches* Abnormal liver function Allergic reaction (skin rashes) Heartburn Dizziness Abdominal pain Constipation Decreased sexual desire Memory problems * If you have muscle aches, call your doctor immediately. This could be a sign of a life-threatening condition.


Question: Do medical conditions affect cholesterol levels?

Answer: Occasionally, a medical condition may cause an elevation of cholesterol levels in the blood. These include hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland), liver disease and kidney disease.


Question: What are bile acid sequestrants and how are they used to lower cholesterol?

Answer: Bile Acid Sequestrants These drugs work inside the intestine, where they bind to bile and prevent it from being reabsorbed into the circulatory system. Bile is made largely from cholesterol, so these drugs work by reducing the body's supply of cholesterol, thus lowering total and LDL cholesterol. The most common side effects are constipation, gas, and upset stomach. Examples of bile acid resins include: Cholestyramine ( Questran and Questran Light) Colesevelam ( Wel Chol ) Colestipol ( Colestid) Fibrates Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and can increase HDL and lower LDL cholesterol.


Question: What are Caduet and Vytorin?

Answer: Vytorin is a newer drug that is a combination of ezetimibe ( Zetia) and a statin (simvastatin), and can decrease total and LDL cholesterol and raise HDL levels.


Question: What are statins?

Answer: Statins Statins block the production of cholesterol in the liver itself. They lower LDL, the "bad" cholesterol, and triglycerides and have a mild effect in raising HDL, the "good" cholesterol. These drugs are the first line of treatment for most people with high cholesterol. Statins carry warnings that memory loss, mental confusion,muscle aches, neuropathy, liver issues, high blood sugar, and type 2 diabetes are possible side effects. It's important to remember that statins may also interact with other medications you take.


Question: How can you reduce the risk for heart disease from cholesterol?

Answer: For those who do not have CVD, treatment is determined by your individual risk for developing heart disease. That risk can be estimated using calculators which factor your age, sex, medical history, and other characteristics. If your risk is high (such as a 7.5 or 10 percent risk of developing CVD over 10 years), your doctor may start you on treatment preventively. They generally keep in mind your preferences towards taking medication in general. For those people whose risk is unclear, a coronary artery calcium score, which is a screening test looking for calcium (an indication of atherosclerosis) in the arteries, can help determine the need for statins. For both those who have CVD and those who do not, when the decision is made to start medication, the first choice is usually a statin. Other special groups who may need treatment: People with high triglyceride levels may benefit if they have other risk factors People with diabetes: are at high risk, and a ldl under 100 is recommended for most Older adults: a healthy, active older adult may benefit reduction you need, and prescribe a medication accordingly.


Question: Do genes affect cholesterol levels?

Answer: Too much cholesterol in your body is a risk factor for heart disease. These are the form in which cholesterol travels in the blood. They include: Diet.


Question: What are the symptoms of high cholesterol?

Answer: There are two forms of cholesterol that many people are familiar with: Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL or "bad" cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL or "good" cholesterol.) Lowering cholesterol levels that are too high lessens the risk for developing heart disease and reduces the chance of a heart attack or dying of heart disease, even if you already have it. It's important to remember that statins may also interact with other medications you take.


Question: Are there foods or other drugs I should avoid while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs?

Answer: Some may also need to take cholesterol-lowering drugs. Based on your risk, your doctor will determine the intensity of LDL reduction you need, and prescribe a medication accordingly. Some antibiotics may be dangerous when taken with statins. Talk to your doctor.


Question: How can you get more potassium from your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: These potassium-packed foods will help you meet your daily quota: 1 cup canned kidney beans: 607 milligrams 2 cups raw spinach: 839 mg Medium sweet potato, cooked: 694 mg 1 cup Greek yogurt: 240 mg 1 cup orange juice: 496 mg 1 cup cooked broccoli: 457 mg 1 cup cantaloupe: 431 mg 1 medium banana: 422 mg Why It's Good for You: If there's a chance you'll become pregnant or are pregnant, this is particularly important.


Question: What animal sources of iron can you add to your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Animal sources of iron include: 3 ounces cooked beef: 3 milligrams 3 ounces cooked dark-meat turkey: 2 mg 3 ounces cooked light-meat turkey: 1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken thigh: 1.1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken breast: 0.9 mg 1 large hardboiled egg: 0.9 mg Plant-based iron sources include: 1 cup fortified instant oatmeal: 10 milligrams 1 cup cooked soybeans: 8 mg 1 cup boiled kidney beans: 4 mg 1 cup edamame, cooked from frozen: 3.5 mg Spinach, raisins, and beans are also good sources of iron.


Question: How much vitamin D do you need?

Answer: How Much You Need: Current recommendations call for adults ages 19-70 to get 600 international units of vitamin D per day, and 800 IU per day starting at age 71.


Question: What plant-based sources of iron can you add to your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Animal sources of iron include: 3 ounces cooked beef: 3 milligrams 3 ounces cooked dark-meat turkey: 2 mg 3 ounces cooked light-meat turkey: 1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken thigh: 1.1 mg 3 ounces cooked chicken breast: 0.9 mg 1 large hardboiled egg: 0.9 mg Plant-based iron sources include: 1 cup fortified instant oatmeal: 10 milligrams 1 cup cooked soybeans: 8 mg 1 cup boiled kidney beans: 4 mg 1 cup edamame, cooked from frozen: 3.5 mg Spinach, raisins, and beans are also good sources of iron.


Question: How much potassium do you need in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men and women age 19 and older need 4,700 milligrams of potassium every day. If you have high blood pressure, check with your doctor or pharmacist about the medications you take to control it. Some drugs, including certain diuretics, make you lose potassium, so you need to compensate for the loss.


Question: How much fiber do you need in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men ages 19 to 50: 38 grams; ages 51 years and older: 30 grams Women ages 19 to 50: 25 grams; ages 51 years and older: 21 grams How to Get More of It: Include fruits and vegetables and high-fiber whole grains at every meal and beans several times a week.


Question: How can you get more vitamin D from food?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Natural sources of vitamin D include fish and egg yolk. Vitamin D-fortified foods include milk, yogurt, some orange juice products, and some breakfast cereals. You may need a mixture of both food and supplements to get the vitamin D your body requires.


Question: How can you get more vitamin A in your diet?

Answer: How to Get More of It: Make your diet colorful. Top picks include: Carrots Sweet potatoes Pumpkin Spinach Cantaloupe Sweet red pepper Broccoli Tomato Why It's Good for You: Potassium is present in every cell of your body.


Question: Why is folic acid good for you?

Answer: How to Get More of It: These potassium-packed foods will help you meet your daily quota: 1 cup canned kidney beans: 607 milligrams 2 cups raw spinach: 839 mg Medium sweet potato, cooked: 694 mg 1 cup Greek yogurt: 240 mg 1 cup orange juice: 496 mg 1 cup cooked broccoli: 457 mg 1 cup cantaloupe: 431 mg 1 medium banana: 422 mg Why It's Good for You: If there's a chance you'll become pregnant or are pregnant, this is particularly important. Folic acid is the synthetic form of the B vitamin folate. Once you conceive, folic acid and folate, the natural form, help protect your baby against neural tube defects (and possibly cleft lip or palate) during the first 30 days.


Question: How can you get more fiber in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men ages 19 to 50: 38 grams; ages 51 years and older: 30 grams Women ages 19 to 50: 25 grams; ages 51 years and older: 21 grams How to Get More of It: Include fruits and vegetables and high-fiber whole grains at every meal and beans several times a week. Snack on whole-grain crackers, fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds (including natural-style nut butters) or popcorn (a whole grain) instead of cookies, candy, or chips. Choose whole-grain breads and cereals, whole wheat pasta, and other whole grains, such as quinoa, millet, barley, cracked wheat, and wild rice. Look for breads with more than 3 grams of fiber per slice. Go for cereals with 5 or more grams of dietary fiber per serving. Start a meal with a bean soup, such as lentil or black bean. Add canned, rinsed chickpeas, kidney beans or black beans to salads, soups, eggs, and pasta dishes.


Question: Why is calcium good for your diet?

Answer: Why It's Good for You: Your bones need it. So do your heart and other muscles. Studies have shown a link between getting enough calcium and lower blood pressure, as well as weight control.


Question: Why is vitamin A good for you?

Answer: Why It's Good for You: You need vitamin A for your vision, genes, immune system, and many other things.


Question: How much iron do you need?

Answer: How Much You Need: Men need 8 milligrams per day of iron. Women need 18 milligrams per day from ages 19 to 50 (27 grams if they're pregnant) and 8 milligrams from age 51 on (because they are no longer losing iron through menstruation).


Question: How can you get more calcium in your diet?

Answer: Here's what you need every day: Ages 19 to 50: 1,000 milligrams Ages 51 and up: 1,200 mg How to Get More of It: Three servings of low-fat dairy foods each day, as part of a balanced diet, provide you with the calcium you need. If you have a dairy allergy or lactose intolerance, you can get calcium from calcium-fortified products, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and seeds.


Question: Why is fiber good for your diet?

Answer: Some examples of foods that provide around 300 milligrams of calcium per serving include: 8 ounces nonfat milk or nonfat plain yogurt 8 ounces calcium-fortified orange juice 1 1/2 ounces hard cheese 8 ounces calcium-fortified soy milk, almond milk, or another milk alternative Why It's Good for You: Fiber is good for your digestion, lowering cholesterol, and managing blood sugar levels. It's filling, and it's found in foods that are low in calories, so it helps you manage your weight. Fiber can also help lower your LDL, or bad cholesterol, which could lower your risk of heart disease.


Question: How much folic acid do you need in your diet?

Answer: How Much You Need: Getting the recommended 400 micrograms of folic acid every day from supplements is a must for women who may become pregnant. ( Many prenatal vitamins have as much as 800mcg.) Folate is important throughout pregnancy, too. It's involved in cell production and guards against a certain type of anemia. Pregnant women need 600 mcg.


Question: Why is iron good for you?

Answer: How Much You Need: Vitamin A comes in two forms: as retinol (which is ready for the body to use) and carotenoids, the raw materials the body converts to vitamin A. It's important for women to get enough iron before and during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a drag on your iron supply and may cause iron-deficiency anemia in a new mom.


Question: Which oils are best to soften and remove dead skin caused by psoriasis?

Answer: Thick scales on your forehead, hairline, behind your ears, or on the back of your neck can be softened with coconut, olive, or peanut oil. Massage a small amount into your scalp, then put on a shower cap overnight, and shampoo in the morning. Repeat for two or three nights. The dead skin should soften and wash away. You can use a comb to lift off the softened scale. Hold it almost flat, and gently move it in a circular motion. Don't scrape your scalp.


Question: What is the best way to lock in moisture to remove dead skin produced by psoriasis?

Answer: When you pick off dry scales, it can result in dots of blood. This is called pinpoint bleeding. To prevent it, you should first soften the dead skin with moisture before you pick it. Apply a heavy ointment or oil, such as vitamin E. Then cover the area with plastic wrap for a few hours or overnight. Once the skin is loose, use a clean fingernail or tweezers to gently push away the scale. It should slide off easily. Don't force it. Too much pressure can cause pain and bleeding.


Question: How effective is coal tar in removing dead skin produced by psoriasis?

Answer: This smelly, sticky substance has been used to treat psoriasis for more than 100 years. Like exfoliating acids, it also causes you to shed the outer layer of dead skin. It can also reduce the inflammation and itching of psoriasis. It comes in variety of forms, such as soaps, creams, and lotions. Coal tar can stain your clothing. It also makes your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Studies show it works best in people who are also taking steroids for their skin.


Question: What is the most common symptom of psoriasis?

Answer: They're often covered with white or silvery scales. You can remove these flakes. Some used for psoriasis include: Salicylic acid: Also found in acne medicines, it's one of the most common treatments for psoriasis.


Question: How long should someone soak in the tub for to remove dead skin caused by psoriasis?

Answer: This causes the outer layer to shed, which softens and removes scales. Take 15 minutes to sit in a bath. Because hot temperatures are drying, keep the water lukewarm. High amounts of magnesium in Dead Sea and Epsom salts helps gently slough off dead skin and get rid of redness caused by psoriasis. Avoid harsh or scented soaps, which can strip the skin's natural oils. After bathing, gently remove the skin with your fingers, tweezers, or wet washcloth. You can also use a pumice stone or nail file on very thick scales. But take extra care not to tear or damage the skin beneath. Then apply a moisturizing ointment, cream, or oil.


Question: Is exercise OK if you have asthma?

Answer: Regular exercise can help you control your asthma. It can strengthen lung muscles, make it easier to manage your weight, and boost your immune system. Instead: Try different kinds of activities that are less challenging. Avoid weather conditions that might trigger symptoms.


Question: What are antibody tests for genital herpes?

Answer: Other Genital Herpes Tests Blood tests can detect the HSV antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection. With direct fluorescent antibody testing, a solution containing HSV antibodies and a fluorescent dye is added to the sample of cells. If the virus is present in the sample, the antibodies stick to it and glow when viewed under a special microscope.


Question: Can tests for genital herpes give a false-negative result?

Answer: Cell culture or PCR test may give a false-negative result if the sores have begun healing or if you are recently infected. False-positive test results are possible, too. If you test positive, but your risk for getting the virus is low, you may need further testing. The test can't tell you when you were infected â and it may take weeks for antibodies to form.


Question: How can diabetes affect my oral health?

Answer: Over time, increased levels of blood glucose can put you at risk for oral health problems. It can give your mouth and tongue a burning feeling. You can do a lot to avoid these problems, starting with the basics of taking good care of your mouth, teeth, and gums. Keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible.


Question: What is a certified registered nurse anesthetist?

Answer: He assists your anesthesiologist and monitors you before, during, and after your operation to make sure you get the right amount of pain medicine.


Question: How does a surgical team track your health during the surgery?

Answer: They'll probably use: A clip on your finger to measure your oxygen levels A cuff on your arm to check blood pressure Pads on your chest to keep tabs on your heart rate Before the surgery starts, a nurse cleans your skin with an antiseptic to help prevent infections.


Question: What is a surgical tech?

Answer: He sets up the tools your surgeon will use and makes sure they're sterile.


Question: What is an anesthesiologist?

Answer: Your anesthesiologist gives you medicine to prevent pain.


Question: What is an operating room nurse?

Answer: He helps the surgeon during your procedure. For instance, he may pass instruments and supplies during the operation.


Question: What is a surgeon?

Answer: A group of doctors and nurses work together to make sure everything goes smoothly. This doctor leads the team and does the operation. Surgeons have to complete 4 years of medical school, plus at least 5 years of special training. They also have to pass a national surgical board exam. The one you choose should be experienced in the type of procedure you're having.


Question: How is eczema diagnosed and treated?

Answer: There are no blood or lab tests to diagnose eczema. Your doctor will look at your skin and assess your symptoms to figure out the severity of your eczema, and decide on treatment. Each different type of eczema can range in severity from mild to severe. Don't be surprised if your doctor thinks your eczema is less severe than you believe it is. One study found that 40% of patients rated their eczema as severe while just 18% of doctors gave it the same rating.


Question: What tools do doctors use to find the severity of your eczema?

Answer: The most common tools to find the severity of eczema are the Eczema Area and Severity Index ( EASI) and the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index ( SCORAD). The EASI looks at four body regions (head/neck, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities), how much of each region is affected, and the severity of the eczema. With SCORAD, doctors try to objectively look at the severity (extent of skin involved, intensity of symptoms) of atopic dermatitis.


Question: What is nummular eczema?

Answer: Nummular eczema: " Nummular," the Latin word for "coin," refers to the coin-shaped spots on the skin. It's also called discoid eczema because the scaly patches look like discs. Its cause is unknown, although the spots, which can be dry and scaly or weeping (and may or may not be itchy) might be triggered by reactions to inflammation or dry skin. The lower legs, forearms, and trunk are the most commonly affected areas.


Question: How can eczema vary in severity?

Answer: In more severe cases, patches of dry skin can bleed, crack, or crust and get infected. They include dry, itchy, and scaly skin, especially on the insides of the elbows and backs of the knees.


Question: What can cause traumatic brain injury?

Answer: Causes of traumatic brain injury include: Car accidents Blows to the head Sports injuries Falls or accidents Physical violence Causes of acquired brain injury include: Poisoning or exposure to toxic substances Infection Strangulation, choking, or drowning Stroke Heart attacks Tumors Aneurysms Neurological illnesses Abuse of illegal drugs There are numerous symptoms of brain damage, whether traumatic or acquired.


Question: Can I prevent brain injuries?

Answer: Here are some rules to follow to reduce the risk of brain damage: Never shake a child. Install window guards to keep young children from falling out of open windows. Install shock-absorbing material on playgrounds. Wear helmets during sports or cycling. Wear seatbelts in cars, and drive carefully. Avoid falls by using a stepstool when reaching for high items. Install handrails on stairways. Don't keep guns; if you do, keep them unloaded and locked away. Don't use illegal drugs. Drink alcohol only in moderation, and never drink and drive.